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Zhang KX, Sheng N, Ding PL, Zhang JW, Xu XQ, Wang YH. Danggui Shaoyao San Alleviates Early Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Through IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a-β-Catenin Pathway. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70056. [PMID: 39344343 PMCID: PMC11440033 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. We explored the potential mechanism by which Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) modulates central glucose metabolism via the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/Wnt3a-β-catenin pathway, thereby exerting protective effects on cognitive functions. METHODS In vitro, HT22 cells were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) to investigate the impact of GSK3β on pathway transduction. The active components in the DSS stock solution were validated using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, an AD model in C57BL/6J mice was established through STZ injection into both ventricles. The success of the model was validated behaviorally and pathologically. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) were employed to evaluate the influence of DSS on memory and pathological changes in AD. RESULTS The DSS stock solution, rich in active components, ameliorated the memory deficits in AD mice in the MWM. In vitro, GSK3β exhibited regulatory control over Wnt and β-catenin, with GSK3β inhibition mitigating β-amyloid and tau redundancies at protein and gene levels, facilitating signal transduction. In vivo, DSS impacted key targets in the IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a-β-catenin pathway, mitigated senile plaques resulting from amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurofiber tangles induced by tau hyperphosphorylation, and alleviated the decline in central glucose metabolism observed in FDG-PET. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DSS potentially confers cognitive protection by alleviating central hypoglycemia through the IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a-β-catenin pathway. This may serve as a promising therapeutic avenue for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Zhang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Sheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine East Hospital, Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Peng-Li Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Miao J, Zhang Y, Su C, Zheng Q, Guo J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04457-1. [PMID: 39240280 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly population, posing a significant public health challenge due to limited therapeutic options that merely delay cognitive decline. AD is associated with impaired energy metabolism and reduced neurotrophic signaling. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, crucial for central nervous system (CNS) development, metabolism, repair, cognition, and emotion regulation, includes IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, insulin receptor (IR), and six insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Research has identified abnormalities in IGF signaling in individuals with AD and AD models. Dysregulated expression of IGFs, receptors, IGFBPs, and disruptions in downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways collectively increase AD susceptibility. Studies suggest modulating the IGF pathway may ameliorate AD pathology and cognitive decline. This review explores the CNS pathophysiology of IGF signaling in AD progression and assesses the potential of targeting the IGF system as a novel therapeutic strategy. Further research is essential to elucidate how aberrant IGF signaling contributes to AD development, understand underlying molecular mechanisms, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of IGF-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Miao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiandan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Katsuyama Y, Hattori M. REELIN ameliorates Alzheimer's disease, but how? Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00095-6. [PMID: 39094979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia; therefore, there is a high demand for therapeutic medication targeting it. In this context, extensive research has been conducted to identify molecular targets for drugs. AD manifests through two primary pathological signs: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, caused by accumulations of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau, respectively. Thus, studies concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying AD etiology have primarily focused on Aβ generation and tau phosphorylation, with the anticipation of uncovering a signaling pathway impacting these molecular processes. Over the past two decades, studies using not only experimental model systems but also examining human brains have accumulated fragmentary evidences suggesting that REELIN signaling pathway is deeply involved in AD. Here, we explore REELIN signaling pathway and its involvement in memory function within the brain and review studies investigating molecular connections between REELIN signaling pathway and AD etiology. This review aims to understand how the manipulation (activation) of this pathway might ameliorate the disease's etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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Sequeira RC, Godad A. Understanding Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Novel Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4203-4221. [PMID: 38064104 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of age-related dementia. Even though a century has passed since the discovery of AD, the exact cause of the disease still remains unknown. As a result, this poses a major hindrance in developing effective therapies for treating AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is one of the kinases that has been investigated recently as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. It is also known as human tau protein kinase and is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase. Since dysregulation of this kinase affects all the major characteristic features of the disease, such as tau phosphorylation, amyloid formation, memory, and synaptic function, it is thought to be a major player in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we present the most recent information on the role of this kinase in the onset and progression of AD, as well as significant findings that identify GSK-3 as one of the most important targets for AD therapy. We further discuss the potential of treating AD by targeting GSK-3 and give an overview of the ongoing studies aimed at developing GSK-3 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnita C Sequeira
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No.1, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No.1, Mithibai College Campus, Vaikunthlal Mehta Rd, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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5
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Wężyk M, Berdyński M, Figarski A, Skrzypczak M, Ginalski K, Zboch M, Winkel I, Żekanowski C. Rare A360T Mutation Alters GSK3β(Ser9) Binding in the Cytosolic Loop of Presenilin 1, Influencing β-Catenin Nuclear Localization and Pro-Death Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Disease Case. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16999. [PMID: 38069323 PMCID: PMC10707597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) forms, via its large cytosolic loop, a trimeric complex with N-cadherin and β-catenin, which is a key component of Wnt signaling. PS1 undergoes phosphorylation at 353 and 357 serines upon enhanced activity and elevated levels of the GSK3β isoform. PS1 mutations surrounding these serines may alter the stability of the β-catenin complex. Such mutations are found in some cases of familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease (fEOAD), but their functional impact remains obscure. One of such variants of PS1, the A360T substitution, is located close to GSK3β-targeted serine residues. This variant was recently demonstrated in the French population, but more detail is needed to understand its biological effects. To assess the significance of this variant, we employed functional studies using a fibroblast cell line from an Alzheimer's disease case (a female proband) carrying the A360T mutation. Based on functional transcriptomic, cellular, and biochemical assays, we demonstrated atypically impaired β-catenin/GSK3β signaling in the A360T patient's fibroblasts. In detail, this was characterized by a decreased level of active cytosolic β-catenin and bound by PS1, an increased level of nuclear β-catenin, an increased level of inhibited GSK3β phosphorylated on Ser9, and enhanced interaction of GSK3β(Ser9) with PS1. Based on the transcriptomic profile of the A360T fibroblasts, we proposed a dysregulated transcriptional activity of β-catenin, exemplified by increased expression of various cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, such as cyclin D1, potentially inducing neurons' cell cycle re-entry followed by apoptosis. The A360T cells did not exhibit significant amyloid pathology. Therefore, cell death in this PS1 cytosolic loop mutation may be attributed to impaired β-catenin/GSK3β signaling rather than amyloid deposition per se. We further estimated the biological and clinical relevance of the A360T variant by whole exome sequencing (WES). WES was performed on DNA from the blood of an A360T female proband, as well as an unrelated male patient carrying the A360T mutation and his mutation-free daughter (both unavailable for the derivation of the fibroblast cell lines). WES confirmed the highest-priority AD causality of the A360T variant in PS1 and also profiled the pathways and processes involved in the A360T case, highlighting the greatest importance of altered Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Wężyk
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Adam Figarski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
| | - Magdalena Skrzypczak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 14 Indiry Gandhi Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 93 Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Zboch
- Research and Education Center for Dementia Diseases in Ścinawa, Alzheimer’s Center, 12 Jana Pawła II Street, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Research and Education Center for Dementia Diseases in Ścinawa, Alzheimer’s Center, 12 Jana Pawła II Street, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (C.Ż.)
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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Fehsel K. Why Is Iron Deficiency/Anemia Linked to Alzheimer's Disease and Its Comorbidities, and How Is It Prevented? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2421. [PMID: 37760862 PMCID: PMC10526115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired iron metabolism has been increasingly observed in many diseases, but a deeper, mechanistic understanding of the cellular impact of altered iron metabolism is still lacking. In addition, deficits in neuronal energy metabolism due to reduced glucose import were described for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its comorbidities like obesity, depression, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to present the molecular link between both observations. Insufficient cellular glucose uptake triggers increased ferritin expression, leading to depletion of the cellular free iron pool and stabilization of the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) 1α. This transcription factor induces the expression of the glucose transporters (Glut) 1 and 3 and shifts the cellular metabolism towards glycolysis. If this first line of defense is not adequate for sufficient glucose supply, further reduction of the intracellular iron pool affects the enzymes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and activates the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). This enzyme triggers the translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane as well as the autophagic recycling of cell components in order to mobilize energy resources. Moreover, AMPK activates the autophagic process of ferritinophagy, which provides free iron urgently needed as a cofactor for the synthesis of heme- and iron-sulfur proteins. Excessive activation of this pathway ends in ferroptosis, a special iron-dependent form of cell death, while hampered AMPK activation steadily reduces the iron pools, leading to hypoferremia with iron sequestration in the spleen and liver. Long-lasting iron depletion affects erythropoiesis and results in anemia of chronic disease, a common condition in patients with AD and its comorbidities. Instead of iron supplementation, drugs, diet, or phytochemicals that improve energy supply and cellular glucose uptake should be administered to counteract hypoferremia and anemia of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Neurobiochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 240629 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hong DD, Thom LT, Ha NC, Thu NTH, Hien HTM, Tam LT, Dat NM, Duc TM, Tru NV, Hang NTM, Ambati RR. Isolation of Fucoxanthin from Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 Seaweed in Vietnam and Its Neuroprotective Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2310. [PMID: 37626806 PMCID: PMC10452663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin extracted and purified from Vietnamese Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 exhibits various biological activities. In this study, the ability of fucoxanthin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the antioxidant activities, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Fucoxanthin isolated from Vietnamese S. oligocystum showed no cytotoxic effects; moreover, it exhibited AChE inhibitory activity (with an IC50 value of 130.12 ± 6.65 μg mL-1) and antioxidant activity (with an IC50 value of 3.42 ± 0.15 mg mL-1). At concentrations of 50 and 100 µg mL-1, fucoxanthin provided protection against amyloid β-protein fragment 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in a C6 neuronal cell line, and the survival of C6 cells was higher than 81.01% and 80.98%, respectively, compared to the control group (59%). Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the neuroprotective effect of fucoxanthin resulted from regulation of the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) and ER pathways (caspase-3 and Bax), as well as the promotion of expression of genes involved in PI3K/Akt signaling (GSK-3β), autophagy (p62 and ATG5), and the biosynthesis of ACh (VAChT and ChAT). Therefore, fucoxanthin extracted from the seaweed S. oligocystum in Vietnam is a potential feedstock source for the production of health foods that exert neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Diem Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thom
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Cam Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Ngo Thi Hoai Thu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Hoang Thi Minh Hien
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Luu Thi Tam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Manh Dat
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Tran Mai Duc
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang 57100, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Van Tru
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.T.T.); (N.C.H.); (N.T.H.T.); (H.T.M.H.); (L.T.T.); (N.M.D.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Hang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, India;
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Coronel R, Bernabeu-Zornoza A, Palmer C, González-Sastre R, Rosca A, Mateos-Martínez P, López-Alonso V, Liste I. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Regulates Gliogenesis and Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells by Several Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12964. [PMID: 37629148 PMCID: PMC10455174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the pathophysiological role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) because the proteolytic processing of APP to β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, many authors consider that alterations in the physiological functions of APP are likely to play a key role in AD. Previous studies in our laboratory revealed that APP plays an important role in the differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), favoring glial differentiation (gliogenesis) and preventing their differentiation toward a neuronal phenotype (neurogenesis). In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of APP overexpression in hNSCs at a global gene level by a transcriptomic analysis using the massive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Specifically, we have focused on differentially expressed genes that are related to neuronal and glial differentiation processes, as well as on groups of differentially expressed genes associated with different signaling pathways, in order to find a possible interaction between them and APP. Our data indicate a differential expression in genes related to Notch, Wnt, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling, among others. Knowledge of APP biological functions, as well as the possible signaling pathways that could be related to this protein, are essential to advance our understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Charlotte Palmer
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Rosa González-Sastre
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andreea Rosca
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Mateos-Martínez
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Victoria López-Alonso
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-Z.); (C.P.); (R.G.-S.); (A.R.); (P.M.-M.)
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9
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Galanis C, Kleidonas D, Andrieux G, Boerries M, Jedlicka P, Müller U, Deller T, Vlachos A. The Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulates Synaptic Transmission at Medial Perforant Path Synapses. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5290-5304. [PMID: 37369586 PMCID: PMC10359033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1824-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The perforant path provides the primary cortical excitatory input to the hippocampus. Because of its important role in information processing and coding, entorhinal projections to the dentate gyrus have been studied in considerable detail. Nevertheless, synaptic transmission between individual connected pairs of entorhinal stellate cells and dentate granule cells remains to be characterized. Here, we have used mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures of either sex, in which the entorhinal cortex (EC) to dentate granule cell (GC; EC-GC) projection is present, and EC-GC pairs can be studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. By using cultures of wild-type mice, the properties of EC-GC synapses formed by afferents from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex were compared, and differences in short-term plasticity were identified. As the perforant path is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease, we used tissue cultures of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deficient mice to examine the role of APP at this synapse. APP deficiency altered excitatory neurotransmission at medial perforant path synapses, which was accompanied by transcriptomic and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, presynaptic but not postsynaptic APP deletion through the local injection of Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses in conditional APPflox/flox tissue cultures increased the neurotransmission efficacy at perforant path synapses. In summary, these data suggest a physiological role for presynaptic APP at medial perforant path synapses that may be adversely affected under altered APP processing conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus receives input from the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. These projections to hippocampal dentate granule cells are of utmost importance for learning and memory formation. Although there is detailed knowledge about perforant path projections, the functional synaptic properties at the level of individual connected pairs of neurons are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of APP in mediating functional properties and transmission rules in individually connected neurons using paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and genetic tools in organotypic tissue cultures. Our results show that presynaptic APP expression limits excitatory neurotransmission via the perforant path, which could be compromised in pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Kleidonas
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Sidiropoulou GA, Metaxas A, Kourti M. Natural antioxidants that act against Alzheimer's disease through modulation of the NRF2 pathway: a focus on their molecular mechanisms of action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217730. [PMID: 37465125 PMCID: PMC10351420 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized by a complex pathophysiology that includes the intraneuronal formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid plaques, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in older adults. Oxidative stress in the brain is considered as one of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of AD, and thus, antioxidants have attracted much interest as potential therapeutic agents against the disorder. Natural antioxidants are typically characterized by low acute and chronic toxicity, which facilitates their potential therapeutic application. One important molecular target for the beneficial effects of natural antioxidants is the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2). NRF2 is a key transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular antioxidant response through regulating the expression of oxidative stress-related genes harboring the antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoters. Indeed, in the case of excessive oxidative damage, NRF2 migrates to the nucleus and binds to ARE, activating the transcription of antioxidant protector genes. There is increasing evidence that NRF2 is implicated in AD pathology through dysfunction and altered localization, which renders it as a potential therapeutic target for AD. Thus, this review summarizes the most recent (2018-2023) advances on the NRF2-modulating activity of natural antioxidants observed in vitro and in AD animal models. This information will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the antioxidant activity of such phytochemicals to highlight their therapeutic potential against common neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grammatiki Alexandra Sidiropoulou
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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11
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Kosonen R, Chang JY, Lee S, Kim J, Kim JY, Lee JE. APP96-110 Elicits Neuroprotective Effects Following Ischemic Insult in Animal Models. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03928-6. [PMID: 37069416 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Competitive amyloidogenic pathways play an important role in many neurological diseases such as the onset of various degenerative diseases and ischemic stroke. Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-beta is modulated via the amyloidogenic pathway, which plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation. During ischemic conditions, the activity of the anti-inflammatory non-amyloidogenic pathway decreases, thus increasing the activity of amyloidogenic pathway. The soluble alpha form of APP (sAPPα), formed via the non-amyloidogenic pathway, exhibits neuroprotective effects against neurological diseases. sAPPα is thought to have a modulatory effect on several cell survival pathways, including its ability to inhibit the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. The APP derivative, APP96-110, could act as a functional substitute for native sAPPα. Herein, we investigated whether APP96-110 has neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation and damage following cerebral ischemic stroke. Treatment with diluted APP96-110 (0.005 mg/kg) in mice after 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) showed improved motor function and reduced expression of the inflammatory marker CD86. APP96-110 decreased the infarct size and induced an anti-inflammatory response by inhibiting the PI3K pathway. These results suggest that the treatment of APP96-110 is efficacious in reducing neuroinflammation and infarct size in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Kosonen
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seowoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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12
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Baltissen D, Bold CS, Rehra L, Banićević M, Fricke J, Just J, Ludewig S, Buchholz CJ, Korte M, Müller UC. APPsα rescues CDK5 and GSK3β dysregulation and restores normal spine density in Tau transgenic mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1106176. [PMID: 36779015 PMCID: PMC9909437 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tau protein can be phosphorylated by numerous kinases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) hyperphosphorylated Tau species accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles that constitute a major hallmark of AD. AD is further characterized by extracellular Aβ plaques, derived from the β-amyloid precursor protein APP. Whereas Aβ is produced by amyloidogenic APP processing, APP processing along the competing non-amyloidogenic pathway results in the secretion of neurotrophic and synaptotrophic APPsα. Recently, we demonstrated that APPsα has therapeutic effects in transgenic AD model mice and rescues Aβ-dependent impairments. Here, we examined the potential of APPsα to regulate two major Tau kinases, GSK3β and CDK5 in THY-Tau22 mice, a widely used mouse model of tauopathy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a dramatic increase in pathologically phosphorylated (AT8 and AT180) or misfolded Tau species (MC1) in the hippocampus of THY-Tau22 mice between 3 and 12 months of age. Using a highly sensitive radioactive kinase assay with recombinant human Tau as a substrate and immunoblotting, we demonstrate an increase in GSK3β and CDK5 activity in the hippocampus of THY-Tau22 mice. Interestingly, AAV-mediated intracranial expression of APPsα in THY-Tau22 mice efficiently restored normal GSK3β and CDK5 activity. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of the CDK5 regulatory proteins p35 and p25, indicating CDK5 hyperactivation in THY-Tau22 mice. Strikingly, AAV-APPsα rescued p25 upregulation to wild-type levels even at stages of advanced Tau pathology. Sarkosyl fractionation used to study the abundance of soluble and insoluble phospho-Tau species revealed increased soluble AT8-Tau and decreased insoluble AT100-Tau species upon AAV-APPsα injection. Moreover, AAV-APPsα reduced misfolded (MC1) Tau species, particularly in somatodendritic compartments of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Finally, we show that AAV-APPsα upregulated PSD95 expression and rescued deficits in spine density of THY-Tau22 mice. Together our findings suggest that APPsα holds therapeutic potential to mitigate Tau-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Baltissen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte S. Bold
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Rehra
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Banićević
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Fricke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian J. Buchholz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike C. Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Ulrike C. Müller,
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13
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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14
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Wu Q, Li X, Jiang XW, Yao D, Zhou LJ, Xu ZH, Wang N, Zhao QC, Zhang Z. Yuan-Zhi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: An integrated approach based on chemical profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893244. [PMID: 36091836 PMCID: PMC9451491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuan-Zhi Decoction (YZD) is a traditional Chinese medical formulation with demonstrated clinical benefits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify 27 unique chemical components of YZD. Analyzing these using network pharmacology and molecular docking models identified 34 potential interacting molecular targets involved in 26 biochemical pathways. When tested in an animal model of AD, the APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed measurable improvements in spatial orientation and memory after the administration of YZD. These improvements coincided with significantly reduced deposition of Aβ plaques and tau protein in the hippocampi in the treated animals. In addition, a decreased BACE1 and beta-amyloid levels, a downregulation of the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and an upregulation of the PI3K and p-AKT/AKT pathway was seen in YZD treated animals. These in vivo changes validated the involvement of molecular targets and pathways predicted in silico analysis of the chemical components of YZD. This study provides scientific support for the clinical use of YZD and justifies further investigations into its effects in AD. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of network pharmacology in elucidating the biochemical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
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15
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The Prophylactic and Multimodal Activity of Two Isatin Thiosemicarbazones against Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060806. [PMID: 35741690 PMCID: PMC9221192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder strongly involving the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, which subsequently aggregate into the disease characteristic insoluble amyloid plaques, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, Aβ oligomers interfere with the expression and activity of Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. In the present study, the potential multimodal effect of two synthetic isatin thiosemicarbazones (ITSCs), which have been previously shown to prevent Aβ aggregation was evaluated. Both compounds resulted in fully reversing the Aβ-mediated toxicity in SK-NS-H cells treated with exogenous Aβ peptides at various pre-incubation time points and at 1 μM. Cell survival was not recovered when compounds were applied after Aβ cell treatment. The ITSCs were non-toxic against wild type and 5xFAD primary hippocampal cells. They reversed the inhibition of Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in 5xFAD cells. Finally, they exhibited good antioxidant potential and moderate lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Overall, these results suggest that isatin thiosemicarbazone is a suitable scaffold for the development of multimodal anti-AD agents.
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16
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Qiu Y, Yang J, Ma L, Song M, Liu G. Limonin Isolated From Pomelo Seed Antagonizes Aβ25-35-Mediated Neuron Injury via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway by Regulating Cell Apoptosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:879028. [PMID: 35634407 PMCID: PMC9133815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.879028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomelo seed as a by-product from pomelo consumption is rich in bioactive compounds, however, a huge volume of pomelo seed was disposed as wastes, the comprehensive utilization of pomelo seed could not only generate valued-added products/ingredients, but also decrease the environmental pollution. In this study, the main active substance limonin in pomelo seed was considered as a high-value bioactive compound. The purification of limonin from pomelo seed was investigated, and the neuroprotective and mechanism were characterized. The UPLC-MS/MS results indicated that 29 compounds in pomelo seed were identified, including 14 flavonoids, 3 limonids, 9 phenols and 3 coumarins. Moreover, high purity of limonin was obtained by crystallization and preparative-HPLC. Furthermore, limonin pretreatment can antagonize the cell damage mediated by Aβ25-35 in a concentration-dependent relationship. The regulation of Bax/Bcl-2, expression of caspase-3 protein and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were observed in the cells pretreated with limonin. Treatment of PC12 cells with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 weakened the protective effect of limonin. These results indicated that limonin prevented Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity by activating PI3K/Akt, and further inhibiting caspase-3 and up-regulating Bcl-2. This study enables comprehensive utilization of pomelo seed as by-product and offers a theoretical principle for a waste-to-wealth solution, such as potential health benefits of food ingredient and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Qiu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College, Meizhou, China
| | - Lukai Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Bazrgar M, Khodabakhsh P, Dargahi L, Mohagheghi F, Ahmadiani A. MicroRNA modulation is a potential molecular mechanism for neuroprotective effects of intranasal insulin administration in amyloid βeta oligomer induced Alzheimer's like rat model. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111812. [PMID: 35476966 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that imbalance in the expression of miR-132-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-30a-5p in the AD brain are associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease)AD(. Several studies have reported that intranasal insulin administration ameliorates memory in AD patients and animal models. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether insulin is involved in regulating the expression of AD-related microRNAs. Pursuing this objective, we first investigated the therapeutic effect of intranasal insulin on Aβ oligomer (AβO)-induced memory impairment in male rats using the Morris water maze task. Then, molecular and histological changes in response to AβO and/or insulin time course were assessed in the extracted hippocampi on days 1, 14, and 21 of the study using congo red staining, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. We observed memory impairment, Aβ aggregation, tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, insulin signaling dys-regulation, and down-regulation of miR-26a, miR-124, miR-29a, miR-181b, miR-125b, miR-132, and miR-146a in the hippocampus of AβO-exposed rats 21 days after AβO injection. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorated memory impairment and concomitantly increased miR-132, miR-181b, and miR-125b expression, attenuated tau phosphorylation levels, Aβ aggregation, and neuroinflammation, and regulated the insulin signaling as well. In conclusion, our study suggest that the neuroprotective effects of insulin on memory observed in AD-like rats could be partially due to the restoration of miR-132, miR-181b, and miR-125b expression in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Eggert S, Kins S, Endres K, Brigadski T. Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem 2022; 403:43-71. [PMID: 34619027 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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19
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Querfurth H, Marshall J, Parang K, Rioult-Pedotti MS, Tiwari R, Kwon B, Reisinger S, Lee HK. A PDK-1 allosteric agonist neutralizes insulin signaling derangements and beta-amyloid toxicity in neuronal cells and in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261696. [PMID: 35061720 PMCID: PMC8782417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer's brain is affected by multiple pathophysiological processes, which include a unique, organ-specific form of insulin resistance that begins early in its course. An additional complexity arises from the four-fold risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in type 2 diabetics, however there is no definitive proof of causation. Several strategies to improve brain insulin signaling have been proposed and some have been clinically tested. We report findings on a small allosteric molecule that reverses several indices of insulin insensitivity in both cell culture and in vitro models of AD that emphasize the intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβi). PS48, a chlorophenyl pentenoic acid, is an allosteric activator of PDK-1, which is an Akt-kinase in the insulin/PI3K pathway. PS48 was active at 10 nM to 1 μM in restoring normal insulin-dependent Akt activation and in mitigating Aβi peptide toxicity. Synaptic plasticity (LTP) in prefrontal cortical slices from normal rat exposed to Aβ oligomers also benefited from PS48. During these experiments, neither overstimulation of PI3K/Akt signaling nor toxic effects on cells was observed. Another neurotoxicity model producing insulin insensitivity, utilizing palmitic acid, also responded to PS48 treatment, thus validating the target and indicating that its therapeutic potential may extend outside of β-amyloid reliance. The described in vitro and cell based-in vitro coupled enzymatic assay systems proved suitable platforms to screen a preliminary library of new analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University, School of Pharmacology, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Mengia S. Rioult-Pedotti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurorehabilitation, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University, School of Pharmacology, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Bumsup Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | | | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
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20
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Lipids in Pathophysiology and Development of the Membrane Lipid Therapy: New Bioactive Lipids. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120919. [PMID: 34940418 PMCID: PMC8708953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Membranes are mainly composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins, constituting a checkpoint for the entry and passage of signals and other molecules. Their composition can be modulated by diet, pathophysiological processes, and nutritional/pharmaceutical interventions. In addition to their use as an energy source, lipids have important structural and functional roles, e.g., fatty acyl moieties in phospholipids have distinct impacts on human health depending on their saturation, carbon length, and isometry. These and other membrane lipids have quite specific effects on the lipid bilayer structure, which regulates the interaction with signaling proteins. Alterations to lipids have been associated with important diseases, and, consequently, normalization of these alterations or regulatory interventions that control membrane lipid composition have therapeutic potential. This approach, termed membrane lipid therapy or membrane lipid replacement, has emerged as a novel technology platform for nutraceutical interventions and drug discovery. Several clinical trials and therapeutic products have validated this technology based on the understanding of membrane structure and function. The present review analyzes the molecular basis of this innovative approach, describing how membrane lipid composition and structure affects protein-lipid interactions, cell signaling, disease, and therapy (e.g., fatigue and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, tumor, infectious diseases).
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21
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Sanchez-Varo R, Sanchez-Mejias E, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, De Castro V, Mejias-Ortega M, Gomez-Arboledas A, Jimenez S, Sanchez-Mico MV, Trujillo-Estrada L, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Baglietto-Vargas D, Vizuete M, Davila JC, Vitorica J, Gutierrez A. Plaque-Associated Oligomeric Amyloid-Beta Drives Early Synaptotoxicity in APP/PS1 Mice Hippocampus: Ultrastructural Pathology Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:752594. [PMID: 34803589 PMCID: PMC8600261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.752594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by initial memory impairments that progress to dementia. In this sense, synaptic dysfunction and loss have been established as the pathological features that best correlate with the typical early cognitive decline in this disease. At the histopathological level, post mortem AD brains typically exhibit intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) along with the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in the form of extracellular deposits. Specifically, the oligomeric soluble forms of Abeta are considered the most synaptotoxic species. In addition, neuritic plaques are Abeta deposits surrounded by activated microglia and astroglia cells together with abnormal swellings of neuronal processes named dystrophic neurites. These periplaque aberrant neurites are mostly presynaptic elements and represent the first pathological indicator of synaptic dysfunction. In terms of losing synaptic proteins, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions most affected in AD patients. In this work, we report an early decline in spatial memory, along with hippocampal synaptic changes, in an amyloidogenic APP/PS1 transgenic model. Quantitative electron microscopy revealed a spatial synaptotoxic pattern around neuritic plaques with significant loss of periplaque synaptic terminals, showing rising synapse loss close to the border, especially in larger plaques. Moreover, dystrophic presynapses were filled with autophagic vesicles in detriment of the presynaptic vesicular density, probably interfering with synaptic function at very early synaptopathological disease stages. Electron immunogold labeling showed that the periphery of amyloid plaques, and the associated dystrophic neurites, was enriched in Abeta oligomers supporting an extracellular location of the synaptotoxins. Finally, the incubation of primary neurons with soluble fractions derived from 6-month-old APP/PS1 hippocampus induced significant loss of synaptic proteins, but not neuronal death. Indeed, this preclinical transgenic model could serve to investigate therapies targeted at initial stages of synaptic dysfunction relevant to the prodromal and early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa De Castro
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Virtudes Sanchez-Mico
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Davila
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Querfurth H, Lee HK. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:44. [PMID: 34215308 PMCID: PMC8252260 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR has important homeostatic functions to regulate energy metabolism and support neuronal growth and plasticity. However, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mTOR alternately plays important pathogenic roles by inhibiting both insulin signaling and autophagic removal of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-tau (ptau) aggregates. It also plays a role in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of AD. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase residing at the core in either of two multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Recent data suggest that their balanced actions also have implications for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Beyond rapamycin; an mTOR inhibitor, there are rapalogs having greater tolerability and micro delivery modes, that hold promise in arresting these age dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Enteric glial cells exert neuroprotection from hyperglycemia-induced damage via Akt/GSK3β pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:875-881. [PMID: 34029286 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enteric glial cells (EGCs) can activate multiple pathways to inhibit the deleterious effects of acute and chronic insults. Our aim was to test the effect of EGCs on hyperglycemia-induced neuron damage and its underlying intracellular mechanisms. METHODS A coculture model composed of EGCs and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was established to examine glial-mediated neuroprotection under high glucose conditions. The cell counting assay kit CCK-8 was used to measure cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to measure the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), change of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were tested using western blot. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose (≥35 mM) reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, enhanced ROS generation and decrease of MMP were observed in SH-SY5Y cells when treated with high glucose. Furthermore, high glucose also caused SH-SY5Y cells arrest in G2 phase and apoptosis, accompanied by decreasing cyclin D1 and E2, and upregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Coculture EGC lines or EGC-conditioned medium with SH-SY5Y prevented the neurotoxic effects. The p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratios were dramatically decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after high glucose incubation, which was restored after coculture with EGCs. CONCLUSIONS EGCs can protect neurons from hyperglycemia-induced injury by activating the Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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24
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Vinuesa A, Pomilio C, Gregosa A, Bentivegna M, Presa J, Bellotto M, Saravia F, Beauquis J. Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653651. [PMID: 33967682 PMCID: PMC8102834 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Vinuesa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amal Gregosa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Bentivegna
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jessica Presa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Bellotto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Beauquis
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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A transition to degeneration triggered by oxidative stress in degenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:736-746. [PMID: 33159186 PMCID: PMC7914161 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the activities of many signaling pathways are dysregulated during the progression of neurodegenerative and muscle degeneration disorders, the precise sequence of cellular events leading to degeneration has not been fully elucidated. Two kinases of particular interest, the growth-promoting Tor kinase and the energy sensor AMPK, appear to show reciprocal changes in activity during degeneration, with increased Tor activity and decreased AMPK activity reported. These changes in activity have been predicted to cause degeneration by attenuating autophagy, leading to the accumulation of unfolded protein aggregates and dysfunctional mitochondria, the consequent increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately oxidative damage. Here we propose that this increased ROS production not only causes oxidative damage but also ultimately induces an oxidative stress response that reactivates the redox-sensitive AMPK and activates the redox-sensitive stress kinase JNK. Activation of these kinases reactivates autophagy. Because at this late stage, cells have become filled with dysfunctional mitochondria and protein aggregates, which are autophagy targets, this autophagy reactivation induces degeneration. The mechanism proposed here emphasizes that the process of degeneration is dynamic, that dysregulated signaling pathways change over time and can transition from deleterious to beneficial and vice versa as degeneration progresses.
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26
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Desale SE, Chinnathambi S. Phosphoinositides signaling modulates microglial actin remodeling and phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:28. [PMID: 33627135 PMCID: PMC7905611 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupts signal transduction in neurons and other glia cells. The pathological protein in neurodegenerative diseases, Tau and amyloid-β contribute to the disrupted microglial signaling pathways, actin cytoskeleton, and cellular receptor expression. The important secondary messenger lipids i.e., phosphatidylinositols are largely affected by protein deposits of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Phosphatidylinositols are the product of different phosphatidylinositol kinases and the state of phosphorylation at D3, D4, and D5 positions of inositol ring. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PI 3, 4, 5-P3) involves in phagocytic cup formation, cell polarization, whereas Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI 4, 5-P2)-mediates the process of phagosomes formation and further its fusion with early endosome.. The necessary activation of actin-binding proteins such as Rac, WAVE complex, and ARP2/3 complex for the actin polymerization in the process of phagocytosis, migration is regulated and maintained by PI 3, 4, 5-P3 and PI 4, 5-P2. The ratio and types of fatty acid intake can influence the intracellular secondary lipid messengers along with the cellular content of phaphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The Amyloid-β deposits and extracellular Tau seeds disrupt phosphatidylinositides level and actin cytoskeletal network that hamper microglial-signaling pathways in AD. We hypothesize that being a lipid species intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol would be regulated by dietary fatty acids. Further we are interested to understand phosphoinositide-based signaling cascades in phagocytosis and actin remodeling. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Eknath Desale
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 India
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27
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Vasques JF, Gonçalves RGDJ, Gomes ALT, Campello-Costa P, Serfaty CA, Faria-Melibeu ADC. Signaling pathways modulated by monocular enucleation in the superior colliculus of juvenile rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:249-258. [PMID: 33544920 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocular eye enucleation (ME) is a classical paradigm to induce neural plasticity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons from the intact eye, especially when performed within the critical period of visual system development. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis seen in this model remain poorly understood. In the present work, we investigated the temporal alterations in phosphorylation of three kinases related to axonal growth and synaptogenesis-GSK3β (an important repressor of axonal outgrowth), AKT, and ERK-in superior colliculus of rats submitted to ME during early postnatal development. Western blotting analysis showed an increase in pGSK3β, the inactive form of this enzyme, 24 and 48 hr after ME. Accordingly, an increase in pERK levels was detected 24 hr after ME, indicating that phosphorylation of these enzymes might be related to axonal reorganization induced by ME. Interestingly, AKT phosphorylation was increased just 1 week after ME, suggesting it may be involved in the stabilization of newly formed synapses, rising from the axonal reorganization of remaining eye. A better understanding of how signaling pathways are modulated in a model of intense axonal sprouting can highlight possible therapeutic targets in RGCs injuries in adult individuals, where axonal regrowth is nearly absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Vasques
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Guedes de Jesus Gonçalves
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Tavares Gomes
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria-Melibeu
- Programa de Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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28
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Guo Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Xu C. Functions of amyloid precursor protein in metabolic diseases. Metabolism 2021; 115:154454. [PMID: 33248065 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane precursor protein that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in the liver and pancreas, adipose tissue, and myotubes. APP can be cleaved by proteases in two different ways to produce a variety of short peptides, each with different physiological properties and functions. APP peptides generated by non-amyloidogenic processing can positively influence metabolism, while the peptides produced by amyloidogenic processing have the opposite effects. Here, we summarize the regulatory effects of APP and its cleavage peptides on metabolism in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. In addition, abnormal expression and function of APP and APP-derived peptides are associated with metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, and cancers. Pharmacological intervention of APP function or reduction of the production of peptides derived from amyloidogenic processing may be effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and they may also provide new guidance for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qinqiu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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The Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Alleviates Cognitive Deficits by Inhibition of Tau Expression and Phosphorylation in Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1456-1466. [PMID: 33403592 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T-006, a small-molecule compound derived from tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), has potential for the treatment of neurological diseases. In order to investigate the effect of T-006 prophylactic treatment on an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model and identify the target of T-006, we intragastrically administered T-006 (3 mg/kg) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice (APP/PS1-2xTg and APP/PS1/Tau-3xTg) for 6 and 8 months, respectively. T-006 improved cognitive ability after long-term administration in two AD mouse models and targeted mitochondrial-related protein alpha-F1-ATP synthase (ATP5A). T-006 significantly reduced the expression of phosphorylated-tau, total tau, and APP while increasing the expression of synapse-associated proteins in 3xTg mice. In addition, T-006 modulated the JNK and mTOR-ULK1 pathways to reduce both p-tau and total tau levels. Our data suggested that T-006 mitigated cognitive decline primarily by reducing the p-tau and total tau levels in 3xTg mice, supporting further investigation into its development as a candidate drug for AD treatment.
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Qu X, Guan P, Han L, Wang Z, Huang X. Levistolide A Attenuates Alzheimer's Pathology Through Activation of the PPARγ Pathway. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:326-339. [PMID: 33034847 PMCID: PMC8116477 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) protein deposition, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation, and neuronal loss in the brain. The current study was designed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which levistolide A affects the pathogenesis of AD in an amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mouse model of AD and N2a/APP695swe cells. Specifically, behavioral changes in levistolide A-treated APP/PS1 Tg mice were assessed by the nest-building and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Levistolide A treatment clearly ameliorated memory deficits and cognitive decline in APP/PS1 Tg mice. Aβ generation and the inflammatory response in APP/PS1 Tg mouse brains were clearly reduced after long-term levistolide A application. Mechanistically, levistolide A concurrently stimulated the expression of α-secretase and decreased the generation of β- and γ-secretases. In addition, levistolide A inhibited the phosphorylation of tau in the brains of the Tg mice. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the key transcription factor that mediates the regulatory effects of levistolide A on the expression of α-, β-, and γ-secretases and phosphorylation of tau. Collectively, these findings show that levistolide A may be a candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanyou Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
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Herrero-Labrador R, Trueba-Saiz A, Martinez-Rachadell L, Fernandez de Sevilla ME, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Diaz-Pacheco S, Fernandez AM, Torres Aleman I. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I is Involved in the Effect of High Fat Diet on Peripheral Amyloid β Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249675. [PMID: 33352990 PMCID: PMC7766006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but underlying mechanisms are not clear. We analyzed peripheral clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in overweight mice because its systemic elimination may impact brain Aβ load, a major landmark of AD pathology. We also analyzed whether circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) intervenes in the effects of overweight as this growth factor modulates brain Aβ clearance and is increased in the serum of overweight mice. Overweight mice showed increased Aβ accumulation by the liver, the major site of elimination of systemic Aβ, but unaltered brain Aβ levels. We also found that Aβ accumulation by hepatocytes is stimulated by IGF-I, and that mice with low serum IGF-I levels show reduced liver Aβ accumulation—ameliorated by IGF-I administration, and unchanged brain Aβ levels. In the brain, IGF-I favored the association of its receptor (IGF-IR) with the Aβ precursor protein (APP), and at the same time, stimulated non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in astrocytes, as indicated by an increased sAPPα/sAPPβ ratio after IGF-I treatment. Since serum IGF-I enters into the brain in an activity-dependent manner, we analyzed in overweight mice the effect of brain activation by environmental enrichment (EE) on brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and its association to APP, as a readout of IGF-I activity. After EE, significantly reduced brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and APP/IGF-IR association were found in overweight mice as compared to lean controls. Collectively, these results indicate that a high-fat diet influences peripheral clearance of Aβ without affecting brain Aβ load. Increased serum IGF-I likely contributes to enhanced peripheral Aβ clearance in overweight mice, without affecting brain Aβ load probably because its brain entrance is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Trueba-Saiz
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martinez-Rachadell
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mᵃ Estrella Fernandez de Sevilla
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 04001 Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Diaz-Pacheco
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Ana M. Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Dvela-Levitt M, Shaw JL, Greka A. A Rare Kidney Disease To Cure Them All? Towards Mechanism-Based Therapies for Proteinopathies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:394-409. [PMID: 33341352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases (ADTKDs) are a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to kidney failure. Mutations in the MUC1 gene cause ADTKD-MUC1 (MUC1 kidney disease, MKD), a disorder with no available therapies. Recent studies have identified the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive MKD disease pathogenesis. Armed with patient-derived cell lines and pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids, it was found that MKD is a toxic proteinopathy caused by the intracellular accumulation of misfolded MUC1 protein in the early secretory pathway. We discuss the advantages of studying rare monogenic kidney diseases, describe effective patient-derived model systems, and highlight recent mechanistic insights into protein quality control that have implications for additional proteinopathies beyond rare kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Dvela-Levitt
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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34
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Curtis D, Bandyopadhyay S. Mini-review: Role of the PI3K/Akt pathway and tyrosine phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 85:1-6. [PMID: 33258115 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A variety of findings from in vitro experiments and animal models support the hypothesis that one contribution to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is enhanced phosphorylation of tau protein, which may be triggered by amyloid β (Aβ) and mediated by impaired activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. A number of tyrosine phosphatases act to reduce PI3K/Akt activity, and inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases is protective against Aβ toxicity in cell cultures and whole animals. Results from analysis of exome sequenced late onset AD cases and controls similarly show that rare coding variants predicted to damage PI3K functioning increase AD risk, whereas those which are predicted to damage genes for tyrosine phosphatase genes are protective. Taken together, these results support the proposition that tyrosine phosphatase antagonists might be trialed as therapeutic agents to protect against the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, UK.,Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lipin1 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Encephalopathy through the PKD/Limk/Cofilin Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1723423. [PMID: 33123308 PMCID: PMC7586151 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1723423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is a type of central diabetic neuropathy resulting from diabetes mainly manifested as cognitive impairments. However, its underlying pathogenesis and effective treatment strategies remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Lipin1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase enzyme, on the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. We found that in vitro, Lipin1 exerts protective effects on high glucose-induced reductions of PC12 cell viability, while in vivo, Lipin1 is downregulated within the CA1 hippocampal region in a type I diabetes rat model. Increased levels of Lipin1 within the CA1 region are accompanied with protective effects including amelioration of dendritic spine and synaptic deficiencies, phosphorylation of the synaptic plasticity-related proteins, LIM kinase 1 (p-limk1) and cofilin, as well as increases in the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG), and the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase D (p-PKD). These effects are associated with the rescue of cognitive disorders as shown in this rat model of diabetes. In contrast, knockdown of Lipin1 within the CA1 region enhanced neuronal abnormalities and the genesis of cognitive impairment in rats. These results suggest that Lipin1 may exert neuroprotective effects involving the PKD/Limk/Cofilin signaling pathway and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic encephalopathy.
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36
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Rao CV, Farooqui M, Madhavaram A, Zhang Y, Asch AS, Yamada HY. GSK3-ARC/Arg3.1 and GSK3-Wnt signaling axes trigger amyloid-β accumulation and neuroinflammation in middle-aged Shugoshin 1 mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13221. [PMID: 32857910 PMCID: PMC7576275 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation that begins in middle age is considered the critical triggering event in the pathogenesis of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. The Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1−/+) mouse model, a model for mitotic cohesinopathy‐genomic instability that is observed in human AD at a higher rate, showed spontaneous accumulation of amyloid‐β in the brain at old age. With the model, novel insights into the molecular mechanism of LOAD development are anticipated. In this study, the initial appearance of cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation was determined as 15‐18 months of age (late middle age) in the Sgo1−/+ model. The amyloid‐β accumulation was associated with unexpected GSK3α/β inactivation, Wnt signaling activation, and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation, suggesting involvement of both the GSK3‐Arc/Arg3.1 axis and the GSK3‐Wnt axis. As observed in human AD brains, neuroinflammation with IFN‐γ expression occurred with amyloid‐β accumulation and was pronounced in the aged (24‐month‐old) Sgo1−/+ model mice. AD‐relevant protein panels (oxidative stress defense, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and β‐oxidation and peroxisome) analysis indicated (a) early increases in Pdk1 and Phb in middle‐aged Sgo1−/+ brains, and (b) misregulations in 32 proteins among 130 proteins tested in old age. Thus, initial amyloid‐β accumulation in the Sgo1−/+ model is suggested to be triggered by GSK3 inactivation and the resulting Wnt activation and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation. The model displayed characteristics and affected pathways similar to those of human LOAD including neuroinflammation, demonstrating its potential as a study tool for the LOAD development mechanism and for preclinical AD drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of Neurology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Avanish Madhavaram
- Biology/Exercise and Sports Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Hematology/Oncology Section Department of Medicine Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA
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37
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Zhou F, He K, Guan Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Sun M, Qiu X, Yan F, Huang H, Yao L, Liu B, Huang L. Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate pharmacological mechanisms of Tinospora sinensis for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112940. [PMID: 32389853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is called LeZhe and is widely used as a kind of folk medicine especially in the Tibetan Plateau of China. T. sinensis has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and dredging collaterals, calming and soothing the nerves. T. sinensis is an effective medicine for the prevention and treatment of aging diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Tibetan Plateau of China, whereas its material basis and underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the material basis and potential mechanisms of T. sinensis in the treatment of AD by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, targets were collected from DrugBank database, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and literatures reports for the treatment of AD. Compounds were searched by literatures and systematic separation from T. sinensis. The molecular docking experiment was carried out by using Autodock Vina software to screen the bioactive compounds in T. sinensis and target proteins for AD. Then, the "compound-target network" was constructed by Cytoscape software. The drug-like properties of the active compounds were analyzed by pKCSM performs, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) target pathway enrichment analysis was carried out by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Furthermore, the protective effect of neurons of two active compounds were verified with the injury cell model of PC12 and primary hippocampus neurons induced by Aβ25-35. Finally, the key proteins of related pathways were quantitatively analyzed with Western blot method. RESULTS In total, 105 compounds and 38 targets have been screened. The main active compounds contained berberine, which belongs to alkaloids, Aurantiamide acetate, N-P-coumaroyltyramine, which belongs to amides, Trans-syringin and 3-demethyl-phillyrin, which belongs to phenylpropanoids. The targets covered inflammation-related proteins, including Protein kinase B (AKT), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (JAK1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Neuronal NOS (NOS1), and cholinergic function-related proteins, including α4-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4 nAChR), Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (Muscarnic M1). Inflammation and cholinergic dysfunction were the center of the network and occupy a dominant position. And the results of enrichment analysis shown the pathways mainly contained phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway, neurotrophic factors (NTFs) signal pathway, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signal pathway, mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal pathway, insulin resistance (IR). The results of in vitro assays showed that the tested compounds could significantly improve the survival rate and inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons injured by Aβ25-35. Western blot results showed that T. sinensis had a significant effect on the expression of protein PI3K and Akt. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that T. sinensis could prevent and treat AD through a multi-compound-multi-target-multi-pathway regulatory network. Our work also expected to provide new ideas and theoretical bases for searching for the active compounds in T. sinensis and potential mechanism in the prevention and treatment of AD by the network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results of in vitro assay and in vivo assay supported the results of molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Kun He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Yang Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Xiyang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Jiang Xi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Mengsheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Feixia Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Lihua Yao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China.
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China.
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Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Varo R, Muñoz-Castro C, De Castro V, Sanchez-Mejias E, Navarro V, Jimenez S, Nuñez-Diaz C, Gomez-Arboledas A, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Vizuete M, Davila JC, Vitorica J, Gutierrez A. Enhancing microtubule stabilization rescues cognitive deficits and ameliorates pathological phenotype in an amyloidogenic Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14776. [PMID: 32901091 PMCID: PMC7479116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other tauopathies, microtubule destabilization compromises axonal and synaptic integrity contributing to neurodegeneration. These diseases are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau leading to neurofibrillary pathology. AD brains also accumulate amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits. However, the effect of microtubule stabilizing agents on Aβ pathology has not been assessed so far. Here we have evaluated the impact of the brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing agent Epothilone D (EpoD) in an amyloidogenic model of AD. Three-month-old APP/PS1 mice, before the pathology onset, were weekly injected with EpoD for 3 months. Treated mice showed significant decrease in the phospho-tau levels and, more interesting, in the intracellular and extracellular hippocampal Aβ accumulation, including the soluble oligomeric forms. Moreover, a significant cognitive improvement and amelioration of the synaptic and neuritic pathology was found. Remarkably, EpoD exerted a neuroprotective effect on SOM-interneurons, a highly AD-vulnerable GABAergic subpopulation. Therefore, our results suggested that EpoD improved microtubule dynamics and axonal transport in an AD-like context, reducing tau and Aβ levels and promoting neuronal and cognitive protection. These results underline the existence of a crosstalk between cytoskeleton pathology and the two major AD protein lesions. Therefore, microtubule stabilizers could be considered therapeutic agents to slow the progression of both tau and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vanessa De Castro
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Davila
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Cognitive enhancing effect of diapocynin in D-galactose-ovariectomy-induced Alzheimer's-like disease in rats: Role of ERK, GSK-3β, and JNK signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Hu S, Xian Y, Fan Y, Mak S, Wang J, Tang J, Pang Y, Pi R, Tsim KW, Liu F, Lin Z, Han Y. Significant combination of Aβ aggregation inhibitory and neuroprotective properties in silico, in vitro and in vivo by bis(propyl)-cognitin, a multifunctional anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Curtis D, Bakaya K, Sharma L, Bandyopadhyay S. Weighted burden analysis of exome-sequenced late-onset Alzheimer's cases and controls provides further evidence for a role for PSEN1 and suggests involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and WNT signalling pathways. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:291-302. [PMID: 32020597 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated common and rare genetic variants as risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Here, weighted burden analysis was applied to over 10,000 exome-sequenced subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Analyses were carried out to investigate whether rare variants predicted to have a functional effect within a gene were more commonly seen in cases or in controls. Confirmatory results were obtained for TREM2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Additional support was provided for PSEN1 (p = 0.0002), which previously had been only weakly implicated in LOAD. There was suggestive evidence that functional variants in PIK3R1, WNT7A, C1R, and EXOC5 might increase risk and that variants in TIAF1 and/or NDRG2 might have a protective effect. Overall, there was strong evidence (p = 5 × 10-6 ) that variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes reduce the risk of developing LOAD. Because PIK3R1 variants are expected to impair PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signalling while variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes would enhance it, these findings are in line with those from animal models, suggesting that this pathway is protective against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaushiki Bakaya
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Sharma
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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42
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Zhou W, Lian WW, Yan R, Jia H, Xu LJ, Wang L, Liu AL, Du GH. DL0410 ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by promoting synaptic transmission and reducing neuronal loss. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:599-611. [PMID: 31685977 PMCID: PMC7471418 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, few available drugs can be used to either improve pathological features or prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DL0410 ((1,1'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl) bis (3-(piperidin-1-yl) propan-1-one) dihydrochloride) is a multiple-target small molecule that has been found to reverse cognitive impairment in different animal models of AD. In this study we evaluated the cognition-improving effects of DL0410 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were administered DL0410 (3, 10, 30 mg· kg-1· d-1, ig) for 2 months. We found that DL0410 administration significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits in both the nest-building and Morris water maze tests. In electrophysiological analysis of hippocampal slices, we showed that DL0410 administration significantly enhanced the field EPSP slope and HFS-induced LTP in CA1 area. Furthermore, we revealed that DL0410 administration significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT and the activity of GSK-3β in the hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, DL0410 administration dose-dependently increased the expression level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the hippocampus and cortex. In addition, DL0410 dose-dependently decreased the neuronal loss by decreasing the production of Aβ deposition, inhibited glial overactivation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. We conclude that DL0410 ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by promoting synaptic transmission via activating the AKT/GSK-3β and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and reducing neuronal loss. DL0410 may be an effective agent for AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lv-Jie Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, Beijing, 100050, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, Beijing, 100050, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China.
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43
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Bi A, An W, Wang C, Hua Y, Fang F, Dong X, Chen R, Zhang Z, Luo L. SCR-1693 inhibits tau phosphorylation and improves insulin resistance associated cognitive deficits. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Chang J, Zeng Z, Kou X, Chen N. Exercise Attenuates Brain Aging by Rescuing Down-Regulated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:105. [PMID: 32390823 PMCID: PMC7192222 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulated Wnt signaling is involved in brain aging with declined cognitive capacity due to its modulation on neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the naturally aged rat model was established by feeding rats from 6 months old to 21 months old. The cognitive capacity of aged rats was compared with young rats as the controls and the aged rats upon 12-week exercise interventions including treadmill running, resistance exercise, and alternating exercise with resistance exercise and treadmill running. Wnt signaling was examined in hippocampal tissues of the rats from different groups. Results indicated that the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) as an antagonist of Wnt signal pathway, the activation of GSK-3β, and the hyperphosphorylated Tau were markedly increased as the extension of age. Meanwhile, higher p-β-cateninSer33, 37, Thr41 promoted neuronal degradation of aged rats. In contrast, three kinds of exercise interventions rescued the abnormal expression of DKK-1 and synaptophysin such as PSD-93 and PSD-95 in hippocampal tissues of the aged rats; especially 12-week treadmill running suppressed DKK-1 up-regulation, GSK-3β activation, β-catenin phosphorylation, and hyperphosphorylated Tau. In addition, the down-regulated PI3K/AKT and Wnt signal pathways were observed in aged rats, but could be reversed by resistance exercise and treadmill running. Moreover, the increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 levels in hippocampal tissues of aged rats were also reversed upon treadmill running intervention. Taken together, down-regulated Wnt signaling suppressed PI3K/Akt signal pathway, aggravated synaptotoxicity, induced neuron apoptosis, and accelerated cognitive impairment of aged rats. However, exercise interventions, especially treadmill running, can attenuate their brain aging process via restoring Wnt signaling and corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingru Chang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjuan Kou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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45
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Insulin signaling pathway and related molecules: Role in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104707. [PMID: 32092326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Its major pathological hallmarks, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and amyloid-β plaques can result from dysfunctional insulin signaling. Insulin is an important growth factor that regulates cell growth, energy utilization, mitochondrial function, autophagy, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. Insulin and its downstream signaling molecules are located majorly in the regions of cortex and hippocampus. The major molecules involved in impaired insulin signaling include IRS, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β. Activation or inactivation of these major molecules through increased or decreased phosphorylation plays a role in insulin signaling abnormalities or insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, therefore, is considered as a major culprit in generating the hallmarks of AD arising from neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, etc. Moreover, caspases, Nrf2, and NF-κB influence this pathway in an indirect way. Various studies also suggest a strong link between Diabetes Mellitus and AD due to the impairment of insulin signaling pathway. Moreover, studies also depict a strong correlation of other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease with insulin resistance. Hence this review will provide an insight into the role of insulin signaling pathway and related molecules as therapeutic targets in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sanchez-Mejias E, Nuñez-Diaz C, Sanchez-Varo R, Gomez-Arboledas A, Garcia-Leon JA, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Mejias-Ortega M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Baglietto-Vargas D, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Davila JC, Vitorica J, Gutierrez A. Distinct disease-sensitive GABAergic neurons in the perirhinal cortex of Alzheimer's mice and patients. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:345-363. [PMID: 31491047 PMCID: PMC7064898 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss is the best neuropathological substrate that correlates with cortical atrophy and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defective GABAergic neuronal functions may lead to cortical network hyperactivity and aberrant neuronal oscillations and in consequence, generate a detrimental alteration in memory processes. In this study, using immunohistochemical and stereological approaches, we report that the two major and non-overlapping groups of inhibitory interneurons (SOM-cells and PV-cells) displayed distinct vulnerability in the perirhinal cortex of APP/PS1 mice and AD patients. SOM-positive neurons were notably sensitive and exhibited a dramatic decrease in the perirhinal cortex of 6-month-old transgenic mice (57% and 61% in areas 36 and 35, respectively) and, most importantly, in AD patients (91% in Braak V-VI cases). In addition, this interneuron degenerative process seems to occur in parallel, and closely related, with the progression of the amyloid pathology. However, the population expressing PV was unaffected in APP/PS1 mice while in AD brains suffered a pronounced and significant loss (69%). As a key component of cortico-hippocampal networks, the perirhinal cortex plays an important role in memory processes, especially in familiarity-based memory recognition. Therefore, disrupted functional connectivity of this cortical region, as a result of the early SOM and PV neurodegeneration, might contribute to the altered brain rhythms and cognitive failures observed in the initial clinical phase of AD patients. Finally, these findings highlight the failure of amyloidogenic AD models to fully recapitulate the selective neuronal degeneration occurring in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Davila
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Husain I, Zameer S, Madaan T, Minhaj A, Ahmad W, Iqubaal A, Ali A, Najmi AK. Exploring the multifaceted neuroprotective actions of Emblica officinalis (Amla): a review. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:957-965. [PMID: 30848470 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, neurological disorders such as epilepsy, depression, tardive dyskinesia, and stress, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and Huntington's disease affect millions of people all over the world. Existing pharmacological interventions do not meet the desired therapeutic benefits for a significant number of patients, and hence, numerous research studies are in progress to find novel therapies for these disorders. Herbal drugs, which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, are also being explored and scientifically evaluated for the treatment of these neurological disorders. While substantial evidence exists for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Emblica officinalis, in vivo and in vitro studies, have also revealed its beneficial therapeutic activities in numerous neurological disorders. These diverse neuroprotective pharmacodynamic actions of E. officinalis corroborated by accumulating evidence in pre-clinical research studies deserve the attention of the scientific community to develop viable pharmacotherapeutic strategies. The present review elaborates upon the latest scientific evidence pertaining to the pharmacological effects of E. officinalis in numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and also gives way for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Husain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tushar Madaan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Akram Minhaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Mohammad Al-Mana College for Health Sciences, Safa, Dammam, 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Iqubaal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Haweiah, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Escitalopram Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in D-Galactose-Injected Ovariectomized Rats: Modulation of JNK, GSK-3β, and ERK Signalling Pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10056. [PMID: 31296935 PMCID: PMC6624366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found to increase cognitive performance in some studies on patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), other studies have reported contradictory results, and the mechanism of action has not been fully described. This study aimed to examine the effect of escitalopram, an SSRI, in an experimental model of AD and to determine the involved intracellular signalling pathways. Ovariectomized rats were administered D-galactose (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) over ten weeks to induce AD. Treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day, p.o) for four weeks, starting from the 7th week of D-galactose injection, enhanced memory performance and attenuated associated histopathological changes. Escitalopram reduced hippocampal amyloid β 42, β-secretase, and p-tau, while increasing α-secretase levels. Furthermore, it decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, and NADPH oxidase, while enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phospho-cAMP response element binding protein, and synaptophysin levels. Moreover, escitalopram diminished the protein expression of the phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun, while increasing those of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its upstream kinases MEK and Raf-1. In conclusion, escitalopram ameliorated D-galactose/ovariectomy-induced AD-like features through modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, Raf-1/MEK/ERK, and JNK/c-Jun pathways.
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49
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Kaminari A, Tsilibary EC, Tzinia A. A New Perspective in Utilizing MMP-9 as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1-16. [PMID: 29865065 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) is a 92 kDa type IV collagenase and a member of the family of endopeptidases. MMP-9 is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components, tissue remodeling, cellular receptor stripping, and processing of various signaling molecules. In the CNS, the effects of MMP-9 are quite complex, since it exerts beneficial effects including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, myelogenesis, axonal growth, and inhibition of apoptosis, or destructive effects including apoptosis, blood-brain barrier disorder, and demyelination. Likewise, in the periphery, physiological events, as the involvement of MMP-9 in angiogenesis, for instance in wound healing, can be turned into pathological, such as in tumor metastasis, depending on the state of the organism. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by amyloid accumulation and deposition in the brain. Amyloidogenesis, however, also occurs in diseases of the periphery, such as type II diabetes mellitus, where an analogous type of amyloid, is deposited in the pancreas. Interestingly, both diseases exhibit similar pathology and disease progression, with insulin resistance being a major common denominator. Hence, combinatorial strategies searching new or existing molecules to apply for therapeutic use for both diseases are gaining momentum. MMP-9 is extensively studied due to its association with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Consequently, meticulous design could render MMP-9 into a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; two seemingly unrelated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Effie C Tsilibary
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Athina Tzinia
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Cai F, Song W. Regulation of global gene expression in brain by TMP21. Mol Brain 2019; 12:39. [PMID: 31036051 PMCID: PMC6489340 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMP21, a type I transmembrane protein of thep24 protein family, mediates protein trafficking and maturation. Dysregulation of TMP21 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To reveal the function of TMP21 in the brain and the pathogenic role of TMP21 in the brain of AD, the global gene expression was profiled in the brain of TMP21 knockdown mice. We found that 8196 and 8195 genes are significantly altered in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively. The genes are involved in a number of brain function-related pathways, including glutamatergic synapse pathway, serotonergic synapse pathway, synaptic vesicle pathway, and long-term depression pathway. Moreover, the network analysis suggests that the TMP21 may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD by regulatingPI3K/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway. Our study provides an insight into the physiological function of TMP21 in the brain and pathological role of TMP21 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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