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Nonne F, Molfetta M, Nappini R, La Guidara C, Di Benedetto R, Mfana S, Bellich B, Raso MM, Gasperini G, Alfini R, Cescutti P, Berlanda Scorza F, Ravenscroft N, Micoli F, Giannelli C. Development and Application of a High-Throughput Method for the Purification and Analysis of Surface Carbohydrates from Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:256. [PMID: 38666868 PMCID: PMC11048683 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a Gram-negative bacterium, and a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, often associated with anti-microbial resistance. Two types of polysaccharides are expressed on the Kp cell surface and have been proposed as key antigens for vaccine design: capsular polysaccharides (known as K-antigens, K-Ags) and O-antigens (O-Ags). Historically, Kp has been classified using capsule serotyping and although 186 distinct genotypes have been predicted so far based on sequence analysis, many structures are still unknown. In contrast, only 11 distinct OAg serotypes have been described. The characterization of emerging strains requires the development of a high-throughput purification method to obtain sufficient K- and O-Ag material to characterize the large collection of serotypes and gain insight on structural features and potential cross-reactivity that could allow vaccine simplification. Here, this was achieved by adapting our established method for the simple purification of O-Ags, using mild acetic acid hydrolysis performed directly on bacterial cells, followed by filtration and precipitation steps. The method was successfully applied to purify the surface carbohydrates from different Kp strains, thereby demonstrating the robustness and general applicability of the purification method developed. Further, antigen characterization showed that the purification method had no impact on the structural integrity of the polysaccharides and preserved labile substituents such as O-acetyl and pyruvyl groups. This method can be further optimized for scaling up and manufacturing to support the development of high-valency saccharide-based vaccines against Kp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nonne
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariagrazia Molfetta
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Rebecca Nappini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Chiara La Guidara
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Di Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Siwaphiwe Mfana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (S.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Advanced Translational Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maria Michelina Raso
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Renzo Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesco Berlanda Scorza
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (S.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Giannelli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
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Wang W, Chen Y, Chen Y, Liu E, Li J, An N, Xu J, Gu S, Dang X, Yi J, An Q, Hu X, Yin W. Supernatant of platelet- Klebsiella pneumoniae coculture induces apoptosis-like death in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0127923. [PMID: 38289116 PMCID: PMC10913751 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01279-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, especially carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, have become a rapidly emerging crisis worldwide, greatly limiting current therapeutic options and posing new challenges to infection management. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel and effective biological agents for the treatment of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections. Platelets play an important role in the development of inflammation and immune responses. The main component responsible for platelet antibacterial activity lies in the supernatant stimulated by gram-positive bacteria. However, little research has been conducted on the interaction of gram-negative bacteria with platelets. Therefore, we aimed to explore the bacteriostatic effect of the supernatant derived from platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture and the mechanism underlying this effect to further assess the potential of platelet-bacterial coculture supernatant. We conducted this study on the gram-negative bacteria K. pneumoniae and CRKP and detected turbidity changes in K. pneumoniae and CRKP cultures when grown with platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant added to the culture medium. We found that platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae and CRKP in vitro. Furthermore, transfusion of platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant alleviated the symptoms of K. pneumoniae and CRKP infection in a murine model. Additionally, we observed apoptosis-like changes, such as phosphatidylserine exposure, chromosome condensation, DNA fragmentation, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species in K. pneumoniae following treatment with the supernatant. Our study demonstrates that the platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant can inhibit K. pneumoniae growth by inducing an apoptosis-like death, which is important for the antibacterial strategies development in the future.IMPORTANCEWith the widespread use of antibiotics, bacterial resistance is increasing, and a variety of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria have emerged, which brings great challenges to the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, finding new strategies to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria and even multi-drug- resistant Gram-negative bacteria is crucial for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, improving the abuse of antibiotics, and maintaining the balance between bacteria and antibiotics. K. pneumoniae is a common clinical pathogen, and drug-resistant CRKP is increasingly difficult to cure, which brings great clinical challenges. In this study, we found that the platelet-K. pneumoniae coculture supernatant can inhibit K. pneumoniae growth by inducing an apoptosis-like death. This finding has inspired the development of future antimicrobial strategies, which are expected to improve the clinical treatment of Gram-negative bacteria and control the development of multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaozhen Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Erxiong Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shunli Gu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Dang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunxing An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Bai R, Guo J. Interactions and Implications of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Human Immune Responses and Metabolic Pathways: A Comprehensive Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:449-462. [PMID: 38333568 PMCID: PMC10849896 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a significant contributor to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance, is not only a ubiquitous component of the human microbiome but also a potent pathogen capable of causing a spectrum of diseases. This review provides a thorough analysis of the intricate interactions between K. pneumoniae and the human immune system, elucidating its substantial impact on metabolic processes. We explore the mechanisms employed by K. pneumoniae to evade and manipulate immune responses, including molecular mimicry, immune modulation, and biofilm formation. The review further investigates the bacterium's influence on metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, highlighting how these interactions exacerbate disease severity. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains within the Enterobacteriaceae family has heightened the public health crisis, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive research. We investigate the roles of the host's complement system, autophagy, cell death mechanisms, and various cytokines in combating K. pneumoniae infections, shedding light on areas that warrant further academic investigation. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges posed by K1- and K2-capsule polysaccharides in vaccine development due to their complex molecular structures and adhesive properties. Acknowledging the limited availability of effective antimicrobials, this review advocates for exploring alternative approaches such as immunotherapeutics, vaccinations, and phage therapy. We consolidate current knowledge on K. pneumoniae, covering classical and non-classical subtypes, antimicrobial resistance-mediated genes, virulence factors, and epidemiological trends in isolation and antibiotic resistance rates. This comprehensive review not only advances our understanding of K. pneumoniae but also underscores the imperative for ongoing research and collaborative efforts to develop new prevention and treatment strategies against this formidable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Abbas R, Chakkour M, Zein El Dine H, Obaseki EF, Obeid ST, Jezzini A, Ghssein G, Ezzeddine Z. General Overview of Klebsiella pneumonia: Epidemiology and the Role of Siderophores in Its Pathogenicity. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:78. [PMID: 38392297 PMCID: PMC10886558 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) can colonize mucosal surfaces and spread from mucosae to other tissues, causing fatal infections. Medical equipment and the healthcare setting can become colonized by Klebsiella species, which are widely distributed in nature and can be found in water, soil, and animals. Moreover, a substantial number of community-acquired illnesses are also caused by this organism worldwide. These infections are characterized by a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as the capacity to spread metastatically. Hypervirulent Klebsiella strains are thought to be connected to these infections. Four components are critical to this bacterium's pathogenicity-the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, and siderophores. Siderophores are secondary metabolites that allow iron to sequester from the surrounding medium and transport it to the intracellular compartment of the bacteria. A number of variables may lead to K. pneumoniae colonization in a specific area. Risk factors for infection include local healthcare practices, antibiotic use and misuse, infection control procedures, nutrition, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Abbas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Chakkour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hiba Zein El Dine
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Soumaya T Obeid
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Aya Jezzini
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
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Hua KF, Li LH, Yu HC, Wong WT, Hsu HT. Leptin Induces MMP-1 Expression Through the RhoA/ERK1/2/NF-κB Axis in Human Intervertebral Disc Cartilage Endplate-Derived Stem Cells. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5235-5248. [PMID: 38026238 PMCID: PMC10657743 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s431026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, associated with aging, may cause low back pain and disability, with obesity as a significant risk factor. In a prior study, we found a positive correlation between IVD degeneration and levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and leptin. Yet, the interaction between MMP-1 and leptin in IVD degeneration is unclear. Our research seeks to explore leptin's influence on MMP-1 expression and the underlying mechanisms in human intervertebral disc cartilage endplate-derived stem cells, specifically SV40 cells. Methods The mRNA and protein expression in leptin-stimulated SV40 cells were assessed using RT-real-time PCR and Western blotting or ELISA, respectively. We examined leptin-mediated RhoA activation through a GTP-bound RhoA pull-down assay. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AKT in leptin-stimulated SV40 cells were analyzed using Western blotting. The activation of NF-κB by leptin was investigated by assessing phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB p65, along with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. To understand the underlying mechanism behind leptin-mediated MMP-1 expression, we employed specific inhibitors. Results Leptin triggered the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1 in SV40 cells. In-depth mechanistic investigations uncovered that leptin heightened RhoA activity, promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and increased NF-κB activity. However, leptin did not induce phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, or AKT. When we inhibited RhoA, ERK1/2, and NF-κB, it resulted in a decrease in MMP-1 expression. Conversely, inhibition of reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase did not yield the same outcome. Additionally, inhibiting RhoA or ERK1/2 led to a reduction in leptin-induced NF-κB activation. Moreover, inhibiting RhoA also decreased leptin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusion These results indicated that leptin induced MMP-1 expression in SV40 cells through the RhoA/ERK1/2/NF-κB axis. This study provided the pathogenic role of leptin and suggested the potential therapeutic target for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, 26047, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 108, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Yu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, 26047, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
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Maciejewska B, Squeglia F, Latka A, Privitera M, Olejniczak S, Switala P, Ruggiero A, Marasco D, Kramarska E, Drulis-Kawa Z, Berisio R. Klebsiella phage KP34gp57 capsular depolymerase structure and function: from a serendipitous finding to the design of active mini-enzymes against K. pneumoniae. mBio 2023; 14:e0132923. [PMID: 37707438 PMCID: PMC10653864 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01329-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this work, we determined the structure of Klebsiella phage KP34p57 capsular depolymerase and dissected the role of individual domains in trimerization and functional activity. The crystal structure serendipitously revealed that the enzyme can exist in a monomeric state once deprived of its C-terminal domain. Based on the crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis, we localized the key catalytic residues in an intra-subunit deep groove. Consistently, we show that C-terminally trimmed KP34p57 variants are monomeric, stable, and fully active. The elaboration of monomeric, fully active phage depolymerases is innovative in the field, as no previous example exists. Indeed, mini phage depolymerases can be combined in chimeric enzymes to extend their activity ranges, allowing their use against multiple serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maciejewska
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Flavia Squeglia
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Latka
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mario Privitera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sebastian Olejniczak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Switala
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliza Kramarska
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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Stefanović C, Hager-Mair FF, Breslmayr E, López-Guzmán A, Lim C, Blaukopf M, Kosma P, Oostenbrink C, Ludwig R, Schäffer C. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis provide insight into saccharide pyruvylation by the Paenibacillus alvei CsaB enzyme. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13394. [PMID: 37591902 PMCID: PMC10435577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvylation is a biologically versatile but mechanistically unexplored saccharide modification. 4,6-Ketal pyruvylated N-acetylmannosamine within bacterial secondary cell wall polymers serves as a cell wall anchoring epitope for proteins possessing a terminal S-layer homology domain trimer. The pyruvyltransferase CsaB from Paenibacillus alvei served as a model to investigate the structural basis of the pyruvyltransfer reaction by a combination of molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis together with an enzyme assay using phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP; donor) and synthetic β-D-ManNAc-(1 → 4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoryl-11-phenoxyundecyl (acceptor). CsaB protein structure modelling was done using Phyre2 and I-Tasser based on the partial crystal structure of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe pyruvyltransferase Pvg1p and by AlphaFold. The models informed the construction of twelve CsaB mutants targeted at plausible PEP and acceptor binding sites and KM and kcat values were determined to evaluate the mutants, indicating the importance of a loop region for catalysis. R148, H308 and K328 were found to be critical to PEP binding and insight into acceptor binding was obtained from an analysis of Y14 and F16 mutants, confirming the modelled binding sites and interactions predicted using Molecular Operating Environment. These data lay the basis for future mechanistic studies of saccharide pyruvylation as a novel target for interference with bacterial cell wall assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Stefanović
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiona F Hager-Mair
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Breslmayr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute for Molecular Modelling and Simulation, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arturo López-Guzmán
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Covirabio GmbH, Brehmstrasse 14a, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlie Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute for Molecular Modelling and Simulation, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Dumigan A, Cappa O, Morris B, Sá Pessoa J, Calderon‐Gonzalez R, Mills G, Lancaster R, Simpson D, Kissenpfennig A, Bengoechea JA. In vivo single-cell transcriptomics reveal Klebsiella pneumoniae skews lung macrophages to promote infection. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16888. [PMID: 36337046 PMCID: PMC9727930 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies deployed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria to counteract host defences are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel host-pathogen interaction resulting in skewing lung macrophage polarisation by the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We identify interstitial macrophages (IMs) as the main population of lung macrophages associated with Klebsiella. Single-cell transcriptomics and trajectory analysis of cells reveal type I IFN and IL10 signalling, and macrophage polarisation are characteristic of infected IMs, whereas Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Nod-like receptor signalling are features of infected alveolar macrophages. Klebsiella-induced macrophage polarisation is a singular M2-type we termed M(Kp). To rewire macrophages, Klebsiella hijacks a TLR-type I IFN-IL10-STAT6 axis. Absence of STAT6 limits Klebsiella intracellular survival and facilitates the clearance of the pathogen in vivo. Glycolysis characterises M(Kp) metabolism, and inhibition of glycolysis results in clearance of intracellular Klebsiella. Capsule polysaccharide governs M(Kp). Klebsiella also skews human macrophage polarisation towards M(Kp) in a type I IFN-IL10-STAT6-dependent manner. Klebsiella induction of M(Kp) represents a novel strategy to overcome host restriction, and identifies STAT6 as target to boost defences against Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Oisin Cappa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Joana Sá Pessoa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ricardo Calderon‐Gonzalez
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Grant Mills
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Rebecca Lancaster
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Jose A Bengoechea
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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9
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Wei S, Xu T, Chen Y, Zhou K. Autophagy, cell death, and cytokines in K. pneumoniae infection: Therapeutic Perspectives. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 12:2140607. [DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Lin TL, Yang FL, Ren CT, Pan YJ, Liao KS, Tu IF, Chang YP, Cheng YY, Wu CY, Wu SH, Wang JT. Development of Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsule Polysaccharide-Conjugated Vaccine Candidates Using Phage Depolymerases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843183. [PMID: 35386691 PMCID: PMC8978995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with nosocomial infection and has developed increasing resistance to antibiotics such as extended-spectrum β-lactams and carbapenem. In recent years, K. pneumoniae isolates have emerged as a major cause of global community-acquired infections such as pneumonia and pyogenic liver abscess. Although serotypes K1 and K2 have been identified as the predominant capsular types associated with invasive infections, no K. pneumoniae vaccine is commercially available, probably due to immunogenicity loss in the traditional depolymerization method to obtain capsule polysaccharide (CPS) for the preparation of conjugated vaccine. In this study, we successfully retained immunogenicity by using K1 (K1-ORF34) and K2 (K2-ORF16) CPS depolymerases that were identified from phages to cleave K1 and K2 CPSs into intact structural units of oligosaccharides with intact modifications. The obtained K1 and K2 oligosaccharides were separately conjugated with CRM197 carrier protein to generate CPS-conjugated vaccines. Immunization experiments of mice showed both K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines induced anti-CPS antibodies with 128-fold and 64-fold increases of bactericidal activities, respectively, compare to mice without vaccinations. Challenge tests indicated that K1 or K2 CPS-conjugated vaccine and divalent vaccine (a mixture of K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines) protected mice from subsequent infection of K. pneumoniae by the respective capsular type. Thus, we demonstrated K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines prepared by CPS depolymerases is a promising candidate for developing vaccines against human K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Reduced Virulence and Enhanced Host Adaption during Antibiotics Therapy: a Story of a Within-Host Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 11 Evolution in a Patient with a Serious Scrotal Abscess. mSystems 2022; 7:e0134221. [PMID: 35196132 PMCID: PMC9040587 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01342-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has disseminated globally and threatened human life. The sequence type (ST) 11 CRKP is a dominant clone in Asia, but how this clone evolves in vivo then adapts to the host and facilitates dissemination remains largely unknown. Here, the genomic dynamics of 4 ST11-CRKP isolates, which were sequentially collected from the urine of a patient with initial serious scrotal abscess and finally recovered without effective medication, were analyzed. Genomic differences were identified and their implications for pathogenesis and host adaptation were investigated. The related transcriptional pathways were further explored by RNA-Seq. Genomic analysis identified 4 to 24 mutations, among which 94% to 100% of them were synonymous or intergenic mutations. During 47 days of antibiotics therapy, CRKP underwent adaptive evolution, including tigecycline resistance and virulence attenuation. Tigecycline resistance was caused by a deletion within the ramR ribosomal binding site, which has been described by us previously. On the other hand, mutations associated with two genes, acyltransferase (act) and ompK26, resulted in the attenuation phenotype of ST11-CRKP. act deficiency reduced the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production, enhanced biofilm formation, weakened capsular protection, and decreased induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Further RNA-Seq analysis revealed that act influenced the expression of ldhA, bglX, mtnK, and metE which likely participate in capsular synthesis and biofilm formation. ompK26 affected the virulence by its overexpression caused by the deletion of the upstream repressor binding site. This study presents a within-host adaption of ST11-CRKP and suggests an important role of CPS in the adaptive evolution of virulence and persistence of CRKP. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has disseminated worldwide and can cause life-threatening infections, including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, intraabdominal infection, liver abscess, and meningitis. CRKP infection is the leading cause of high mortality in hospitals. The sequence type (ST) 11 CRKP is a dominant clone and accounts for 60% of CRKP infections in China. Recently, the ST11-CRKP with high transmissibility is increasingly identified. Understanding how this clone has evolved is crucial for developing strategies to control its further dissemination. The significance of our research is the identification of the in vivo genomic dynamics of ST11-CRKP and the genetic basis for ST11-CRKP that facilitate persistence and dissemination. Furthermore, our study also highlights the importance of monitoring the within-host evolution of pathogens during the treatment and developing interventions to minimize the potential impact of host adaptation on human health.
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12
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Lee IM, Huang TY, Yang FL, Johansson V, Hsu CR, Hsieh PF, Chen ST, Yang YJ, Konradsson P, Sheu JH, Wang JT, Wu SH. A hexasaccharide from capsular polysaccharide of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2 is a ligand of Toll-like receptor 4. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118944. [PMID: 34973762 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype KN2 is a carbapenem-resistant strain and leads to the health care-associated infections, such as bloodstream infections. Its capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was isolated and cleaved by a specific enzyme from a bacteriophage into a hexasaccharide-repeating unit. With GC-MS, NMR, and Mass analyses, the structure of KN2 CPS was determined to be {→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[α-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)]-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→}n. We demonstrated that 1 μg/mL CPS could stimulate J774A.1 murine macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. Also, we proved that KN2 CPS induced the immune response through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. Strikingly, the hexasaccharide alone shows the same immune response as the CPS, suggesting that the hexasaccharide can shape the adaptive immunity to be a potential vaccine adjuvant. The glucuronic acid (GlcA) on other polysaccharides can affect the immune response, but the GlcA-reduced KN2 CPS and hexasaccharide still maintain their immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Johansson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Chun-Ru Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tai Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Tu IF, Lin TL, Yang FL, Lee IM, Tu WL, Liao JH, Ko TP, Wu WJ, Jan JT, Ho MR, Chou CY, Wang AHJ, Wu CY, Wang JT, Huang KF, Wu SH. Structural and biological insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae surface polysaccharide degradation by a bacteriophage K1 lyase: implications for clinical use. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:9. [PMID: 35130876 PMCID: PMC8822698 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae is the primary cause of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) in Asia. Patients with PLA often have serious complications, ultimately leading to a mortality of ~ 5%. This K1 CPS has been reported as a promising target for development of glycoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection. The pyruvylation and O-acetylation modifications on the K1 CPS are essential to the immune response induced by the CPS. To date, however, obtaining the fragments of K1 CPS that contain the pyruvylation and O-acetylation for generating glycoconjugate vaccines still remains a challenge. Methods We analyzed the digested CPS products with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to reveal a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerase specific to K1 CPS. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the enzyme were characterized and its crystal structures containing bound CPS products were determined. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme kinetic analysis, phage absorption and infectivity studies, and treatment of the K. pneumoniae-infected mice with the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Results We found a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide lyase that depolymerizes the K1 CPS into fragments of 1–3 repeating trisaccharide units with the retention of the pyruvylation and O-acetylation, and thus the important antigenic determinants of intact K1 CPS. We also determined the 1.46-Å-resolution, product-bound crystal structure of the enzyme, revealing two distinct carbohydrate-binding sites in a trimeric β-helix architecture, which provide the first direct evidence for a second, non-catalytic, carbohydrate-binding site in bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerases. We demonstrate the tight interaction between the pyruvate moiety of K1 CPS and the enzyme in this second carbohydrate-binding site to be crucial to CPS depolymerization of the enzyme as well as phage absorption and infectivity. We also demonstrate that the enzyme is capable of protecting mice from K1 K. pneumoniae infection, even against a high challenge dose. Conclusions Our results provide insights into how the enzyme recognizes and depolymerizes the K1 CPS, and demonstrate the potential use of the protein not only as a therapeutic agent against K. pneumoniae, but also as a tool to prepare structurally-defined oligosaccharides for the generation of glycoconjugate vaccines against infections caused by this organism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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14
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from the Coral Pseudopterogorgia americana in Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123531. [PMID: 34944043 PMCID: PMC8700520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from marine organisms produce an important regulatory effect on the mammalian immune system. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of a polysaccharide that was isolated from the coral Pseudopterogorgia americana (PPA) were investigated. PPA increased the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, in macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that PPA activated macrophages through the toll-like receptor-4 and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC)-α, PKC-δ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and activated NF-κB. The inhibition of ROS and knockdown of PKC-α reduced PPA-mediated TNF-α and IL-6 expression; however, the knockdown of PKC-δ significantly increased PPA-mediated TNF-α expression. In addition, the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 and NF-κB reduced PPA-mediated TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of ROS, MAPK and PKC-α/δ reduced PPA-mediated NF-κB activation, indicating that ROS, MAPK and PKC-α/δ function as upstream signals of NF-κB. Finally, PPA treatment decreased the phagocytosis activity of macrophages and reduced cytokine expression in bacteria-infected macrophages. Taken together, our current findings suggest that PPA can potentially play a role in the development of immune modulators in the future.
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15
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Perera N, Yang FL, Chiu HW, Hsieh CY, Li LH, Zhang YL, Hua KF, Wu SH. Phagocytosis enhancement, endotoxin tolerance, and signal mechanisms of immunologically active glucuronoxylomannan from Auricularia auricula-judae. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:495-505. [PMID: 32991903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronoxylomannan (AAPS) from the edible wood ear mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae has been demonstrated to exhibit immunostimulatory properties through its binding to TLR4. However, the mechanisms of immune modulation by AAPS in mammalian cells remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that AAPS induced immunostimulatory effects were regulated by reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C-α and NF-κB. AAPS remarkably increased the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, AAPS induced endotoxin tolerance like effect characterized by the downregulation of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and TNF-α via the downregulation of NF-κB activation. Our findings provide firm scientific evidences for the immunoenhancing properties of wood ear mushroom, and the potential of AAPS to be strong candidates for the development of new carbohydrate-based nutraceutical supplements in the management of immunity related disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Perera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Mohamed DA, Mohamed NM, Abdelrahaman S. Histological and Biochemical Changes in Adult Male Rat Liver after Spinal Cord Injury with Evaluation of the Role of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:395-411. [PMID: 33280459 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1844829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease leading to motor disability. Metabolic dysfunction is another complication of SCI. Thus, we aimed to study the effect of SCI on the histological and biochemical structure of the liver in adult male rats and to delineate the role of post-injury administration of G-CSF. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups: Group I; control (18 rats subdivided equally into three subgroups), and 12 rats underwent SCI and were divided into an SCI group II and G-SCF-treated group III. Twenty-one days post-injury, liver sections were processed for light and electron microscopic examinations and immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and CD68 antibodies. The biochemical assay was carried out for detection of serum levels of ALT, AST, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, GSH and MDA. Liver tissue levels of GPx and MDA as well as semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of hepatic cytokine expression were also conducted. In the SCI group, results showed liver tissue damage in the form of lipid infiltration, blood vessel congestion, vacuolated cells with apoptotic nuclei and increased collagen deposition. Increased CD68-positive macrophages and a decreased number of PCNA-positive cells was detected. Moreover, liver enzymes, total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased while serum albumin, total proteins and HDL-c were decreased in the SCI group. Oxidative stress and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Administration of G-CSF induced significant liver improvement with retained liver function by anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mohamed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt.,Anatomy and Histology Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University , Elmulida, KSA
| | - Noura Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Science, Faculty of Preparatory Year of Health Sciences, PNU University , Riyadh, KSA
| | - Shaimaa Abdelrahaman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae has been singled out as an urgent threat to human health due to the increasing isolation of strains resistant to “last-line” antimicrobials, narrowing the treatment options against Klebsiella infections. Unfortunately, at present, we cannot identify candidate compounds in late-stage development for treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella infections; this pathogen is exemplary of the mismatch between unmet medical needs and the current antimicrobial research and development pipeline. Furthermore, there is still limited evidence on K. pneumoniae pathogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels in the context of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. In this research, we have uncovered a sophisticated strategy employed by Klebsiella to subvert the activation of immune defenses by controlling the modification of proteins. Our research may open opportunities to develop new therapeutics based on counteracting this Klebsiella-controlled immune evasion strategy. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. Understanding the virulence mechanisms of K. pneumoniae is a priority and timely to design new therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that K. pneumoniae limits the SUMOylation of host proteins in epithelial cells and macrophages (mouse and human) to subvert cell innate immunity. Mechanistically, in lung epithelial cells, Klebsiella increases the levels of the deSUMOylase SENP2 in the cytosol by affecting its K48 ubiquitylation and its subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome. This is dependent on Klebsiella preventing the NEDDylation of the Cullin-1 subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex E3-SCF-βTrCP by exploiting the CSN5 deNEDDylase. Klebsiella induces the expression of CSN5 in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway-dependent manner. In macrophages, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-TRAM-TRIF-induced type I interferon (IFN) via IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-controlled signaling mediates Klebsiella-triggered decrease in the levels of SUMOylation via let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results revealed the crucial role played by Klebsiella polysaccharides, the capsule, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide, to decrease the levels of SUMO-conjugated proteins in epithelial cells and macrophages. A Klebsiella-induced decrease in SUMOylation promotes infection by limiting the activation of inflammatory responses and increasing intracellular survival in macrophages.
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18
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Kaushal N, Kumari S, Jhelum H, Sehgal D. In vitro and in vivo characterization of the interaction, proinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antigenic properties of capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:521-532. [PMID: 31816377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) is the major virulence determinant of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Strains devoid of the capsule are avirulent or highly attenuated. PCP is present in soluble form and on pneumococci in infected individuals. The present study was undertaken to study the interaction of PCP from serotype 1 (PCP1) with immune cells, and its proinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antigenic properties. Binding of PCP1 to the surface of immune cells led to proinflammatory cytokine production which was not cell line or cytokine restricted. HEK293T transfectants expressing TLR1 and TLR2 produced IL-8 upon stimulation with PCP1, untransfected cells did not do so. PCP1 failed to induce TNF-α production from RAW264.7 cells when pre-incubated with a TLR2 blocking antibody. The surface binding of PCP1 was abrogated in the presence of TLR2 blocking antibody. PCP1 failed to bind TLR2 deficient RAW264.7 cells and induce TNF-α production. Unlike PCP1, alkali-treated PCP1 failed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce TNF-α indicating the importance of alkali-sensitive moieties like O-acetyl groups. Alkali-treated PCP1 elicited lower anti-PCP1 antibody response. Mice experiments suggested that alkali-sensitive groups are significant target of protective antibodies in PCP1 immunized mice. Our findings demonstrate that PCP1 is an important modulator of immune response against pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Kaushal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Jhelum
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Devinder Sehgal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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19
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Patro LPP, Rathinavelan T. Targeting the Sugary Armor of Klebsiella Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:367. [PMID: 31781512 PMCID: PMC6856556 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Gram-negative Klebsiella species is an urgent global threat. The World Health Organization has listed Klebsiella pneumoniae as one of the global priority pathogens in critical need of next-generation antibiotics. Compared to other Gram-negative pathogens, K. pneumoniae accumulates a greater diversity of antimicrobial-resistant genes at a higher frequency. The evolution of a hypervirulent phenotype of K. pneumoniae is yet another concern. It has a broad ecological distribution affecting humans, agricultural animals, plants, and aquatic animals. Extracellular polysaccharides of Klebsiella, such as lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides, play crucial roles in conferring resistance against the host immune response, as well as in colonization, surface adhesion, and for protection against antibiotics and bacteriophages. These extracellular polysaccharides are major virulent determinants and are highly divergent with respect to their antigenic properties. Wzx/Wzy-, ABC-, and synthase-dependent proteinaceous nano-machineries are involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and cell surface expression of these sugar molecules. Although the proteins involved in the biosynthesis and surface expression of these sugar molecules represent potential drug targets, variation in the amino acid sequences of some of these proteins, in combination with diversity in their sugar composition, poses a major challenge to the design of a universal drug for Klebsiella infections. This review discusses the challenges in universal Klebsiella vaccine and drug development from the perspective of antigen sugar compositions and the proteins involved in extracellular antigen transport.
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20
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Hager FF, Sützl L, Stefanović C, Blaukopf M, Schäffer C. Pyruvate Substitutions on Glycoconjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4929. [PMID: 31590345 PMCID: PMC6801904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are the most diverse biomolecules of life. Mostly located at the cell surface, they translate into cell-specific "barcodes" and offer a vast repertoire of functions, including support of cellular physiology, lifestyle, and pathogenicity. Functions can be fine-tuned by non-carbohydrate modifications on the constituting monosaccharides. Among these modifications is pyruvylation, which is present either in enol or ketal form. The most commonly best-understood example of pyruvylation is enol-pyruvylation of N-acetylglucosamine, which occurs at an early stage in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan. Ketal-pyruvylation, in contrast, is present in diverse classes of glycoconjugates, from bacteria to algae to yeast-but not in humans. Mild purification strategies preventing the loss of the acid-labile ketal-pyruvyl group have led to a collection of elucidated pyruvylated glycan structures. However, knowledge of involved pyruvyltransferases creating a ring structure on various monosaccharides is scarce, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of fingerprint motifs of these enzymes and the unavailability of genome sequences of the organisms undergoing pyruvylation. This review compiles the current information on the widespread but under-investigated ketal-pyruvylation of monosaccharides, starting with different classes of pyruvylated glycoconjugates and associated functions, leading to pyruvyltransferases, their specificity and sequence space, and insight into pyruvate analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Hager
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leander Sützl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Muthgasse 11, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cordula Stefanović
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a nosocomial pathogen, usually infecting immunocompromised patients. However, a pathotype of K. pneumoniae, termed hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), has emerged and is spreading throughout the community, causing severe, often fatal, disease in healthy individuals. Moreover, reports on multidrug-resistant hvKp isolates are increasing in frequency. It is imperative that strategies to combat hvKp begin immediately to prevent further dissemination of this new class of “superbugs.” Here, we show that bioconjugate vaccines targeting the capsule of hvKp can provide immunity and protection against extremely lethal hvKp strains. Further, we demonstrate that bioconjugation is a promising technology for rapid development of efficacious vaccines against emerging bacterial threats. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is globally disseminating as a community-acquired pathogen causing life-threatening infections in healthy individuals. The fact that a dose as little as 50 bacteria is lethal to mice illustrates the dramatic increase of virulence associated with hvKp strains compared with classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) strains, which require lethal doses greater than 107 bacteria. Until recently, these virulent strains were mostly antibiotic-susceptible. However, multidrug-resistant (MDR) hvKp strains have been emerging, spawning a new generation of hypervirulent “superbugs.” The mechanisms of hypervirulence are not fully defined, but overproduction of capsular polysaccharide significantly impedes host clearance, resulting in increased pathogenicity of hvKp strains. While there are more than 80 serotypes of K. pneumoniae, the K1 and K2 serotypes cause the vast majority of hypervirulent infections. Therefore, a glycoconjugate vaccine targeting these 2 serotypes could significantly reduce hvKp infection. Conventionally, glycoconjugate vaccines are manufactured using intricate chemical methodologies to covalently attach purified polysaccharides to carrier proteins, which is widely considered to be technically challenging. Here we report on the recombinant production and analytical characterization of bioconjugate vaccines, enzymatically produced in glycoengineered Escherichia coli cells, against the 2 predominant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae serotypes, K1 and K2. The K. pneumoniae bioconjugates are immunogenic and efficacious, protecting mice against lethal infection from 2 hvKp strains, NTUH K-2044 and ATCC 43816. This preclinical study constitutes a key step toward preventing further global dissemination of hypervirulent MDR hvKp strains.
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22
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Cai R, Wang G, Le S, Wu M, Cheng M, Guo Z, Ji Y, Xi H, Zhao C, Wang X, Xue Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Fu Y, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Yang Y, Ur Rahman S, Liu X, Han W, Gu J. Three Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis-Related Glucosyltransferases, GT-1, GT-2 and WcaJ, Are Associated With Virulence and Phage Sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1189. [PMID: 31191500 PMCID: PMC6546894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) spp. are important nosocomial and community-acquired opportunistic pathogens, which cause various infections. We observed that K. pneumoniae strain K7 abruptly mutates to rough-type phage-resistant phenotype upon treatment with phage GH-K3. In the present study, the rough-type phage-resistant mutant named K7RR showed much lower virulence than K7. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis indicated that WcaJ and two undefined glycosyltransferases (GTs)- named GT-1, GT-2- were found to be down-regulated drastically in K7RR as compared to K7 strain. GT-1, GT-2, and wcaJ are all located in the gene cluster of capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Upon deletion, even of single component, of GT-1, GT-2, and wcaJ resulted clearly in significant decline of CPS synthesis with concomitant development of GH-K3 resistance and decline of virulence of K. pneumoniae, indicating that all these three GTs are more likely involved in maintenance of phage sensitivity and bacterial virulence. Additionally, K7RR and GT-deficient strains were found sensitive to endocytosis of macrophages. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of macrophages was significantly activated by K7RR and GT-deficient strains comparing with that of K7. Interestingly, in the presence of macromolecular CPS residues (>250 KD), K7(ΔGT-1) and K7(ΔwcaJ) could still be bounded by GH-K3, though with a modest adsorption efficiency, and showed minor virulence, suggesting that the CPS residues accumulated upon deletion of GT-1 or wcaJ did retain phage binding sites as well maintain mild virulence. In brief, our study defines, for the first time, the potential roles of GT-1, GT-2, and WcaJ in K. pneumoniae in bacterial virulence and generation of rough-type mutation under the pressure of bacteriophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yibing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bengoechea JA, Sa Pessoa J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:123-144. [PMID: 30452654 PMCID: PMC6435446 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella species cause a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), bloodstream infections and sepsis. These infections are particularly a problem among neonates, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Klebsiella is also responsible for a significant number of community-acquired infections. A defining feature of these infections is their morbidity and mortality, and the Klebsiella strains associated with them are considered hypervirulent. The increasing isolation of multidrug-resistant strains has significantly narrowed, or in some settings completely removed, the therapeutic options for the treatment of Klebsiella infections. Not surprisingly, this pathogen has then been singled out as an 'urgent threat to human health' by several organisations. This review summarises the tremendous progress that has been made to uncover the sophisticated immune evasion strategies of K. pneumoniae. The co-evolution of Klebsiella in response to the challenge of an activated immune has made Klebsiella a formidable pathogen exploiting stealth strategies and actively suppressing innate immune defences to overcome host responses to survive in the tissues. A better understanding of Klebsiella immune evasion strategies in the context of the host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to develop new therapeutics, which can be based on antagonising the anti-immune strategies of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Joana Sa Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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24
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Susanto W, Kong KH, Hua KF, Wu SH, Lam Y. Synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Perera N, Yang FL, Lu YT, Li LH, Hua KF, Wu SH. Antrodia cinnamomea Galactomannan Elicits Immuno-stimulatory Activity Through Toll-like Receptor 4. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1378-1388. [PMID: 30123083 PMCID: PMC6097488 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) is a medicinal fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat different kinds of ailments, including liver diseases, abdominal pain, drug intoxication, diarrhea, itchy skin, hypertension, and cancer. Polysaccharides have been identified as one of the major pharmacologically active ingredients present in A. cinnamomea. The present study aims to investigate the immunoenhancing activity of galactomannan isolated from A. cinnamomea. The cold water-soluble polysaccharide (galactomannan-repeated; MW>70 kDa; named ACP) of A. cinnamomea was isolated, and immunostimulatory properties were studied through different immune cell models including mouse macrophages and human dendritic cells. Through Toll-like receptor 4, ACP stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in J774A.1 mouse macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human dendritic cells. It was further identified that ACP elicited its immunostimulatory activity through protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, ACP exerted the endotoxin tolerance-like effect through NF-κB inhibition. These findings demonstrate the potential of A. cinnamomea galactomannan as an immunostimulator or an adjuvant in immunotherapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Perera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tung Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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26
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Lu Z, Chang L, Du Q, Huang Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhang J, Li R, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhao X, Tong D. Arctigenin Induces an Activation Response in Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Through TLR6-NOX2-MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:475. [PMID: 29867481 PMCID: PMC5962800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ARG), one of the most active ingredients abstracted from seeds of Arctium lappa L., has been proved to exert promising biological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer etc. However, the mechanism behind its immunomodulatory function still remains elusive to be further investigated. In this study, we found that ARG had no significant effects on the cell proliferation in both porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21) and primary porcine derived alveolar macrophage. It remarkably increased the expression and secretion of the two cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) in a dose-dependent manner with the concomitant enhancement of phagocytosis, which are the indicators of macrophage activation. ARG also elevated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by activating NOX2-based NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS generation by diphenyliodonium and apocynin significantly suppressed ARG-induced cytokine secretion and phagocytosis increase, indicating the requirement of ROS for the porcine alveolar macrophage activation. In addition, TLR6-My88 excitation, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were all involved in the process. As blocking TLR6 receptor dramatically attenuated the NOX2 oxidase activation, cytokine secretion and phagocytosis increase. Inhibiting ROS generation almost abolished p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and the cytokine secretion could also be remarkably reduced by p38 and ERK1/2 inhibitors (SB203580 and UO126). Our finding gave a new insight of understanding that ARG could improve the immune-function of porcine alveolar macrophages through TLR6-NOX2 oxidase-MAPKs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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27
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Perera N, Yang FL, Chern J, Chiu HW, Hsieh CY, Li LH, Zhang YL, Hua KF, Wu SH. Carboxylic and O-acetyl moieties are essential for the immunostimulatory activity of glucuronoxylomannan: a novel TLR4 specific immunostimulator from Auricularia auricula-judae. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6995-6998. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09927d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
O-acetyl and carboxylic functionalities of Auricularia auricula-judae glucuronoxylomannan play critical roles in TLR4/MD2 receptor binding for its immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Perera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jeffy Chern
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences
- National Defense Medical Center
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science
- National Ilan University
- Ilan
- Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen
- Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch
- Taipei City Hospital
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Life Sciences
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science
- National Ilan University
- Ilan
- Taiwan
- Department of Pathology
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
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28
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Ivin M, Dumigan A, de Vasconcelos FN, Ebner F, Borroni M, Kavirayani A, Przybyszewska KN, Ingram RJ, Lienenklaus S, Kalinke U, Stoiber D, Bengoechea JA, Kovarik P. Natural killer cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling controls Klebsiella pneumoniae growth during lung infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006696. [PMID: 29112952 PMCID: PMC5675380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant cause of nosocomial pneumonia and an alarming pathogen owing to the recent isolation of multidrug resistant strains. Understanding of immune responses orchestrating K. pneumoniae clearance by the host is of utmost importance. Here we show that type I interferon (IFN) signaling protects against lung infection with K. pneumoniae by launching bacterial growth-controlling interactions between alveolar macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. Type I IFNs are important but disparate and incompletely understood regulators of defense against bacterial infections. Type I IFN receptor 1 (Ifnar1)-deficient mice infected with K. pneumoniae failed to activate NK cell-derived IFN-γ production. IFN-γ was required for bactericidal action and the production of the NK cell response-amplifying IL-12 and CXCL10 by alveolar macrophages. Bacterial clearance and NK cell IFN-γ were rescued in Ifnar1-deficient hosts by Ifnar1-proficient NK cells. Consistently, type I IFN signaling in myeloid cells including alveolar macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils was dispensable for host defense and IFN-γ activation. The failure of Ifnar1-deficient hosts to initiate a defense-promoting crosstalk between alveolar macrophages and NK cell was circumvented by administration of exogenous IFN-γ which restored endogenous IFN-γ production and restricted bacterial growth. These data identify NK cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling as essential driver of K. pneumoniae clearance, and reveal specific targets for future therapeutic exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa Ivin
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe N. de Vasconcelos
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Ebner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Borroni
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anoop Kavirayani
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Histopathology Facility, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kornelia N. Przybyszewska
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jose A. Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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29
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Li LH, Ju TC, Hsieh CY, Dong WC, Chen WT, Hua KF, Chen WJ. A synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide inhibits inflammatory response and the NLRP3 inflammasome by neutralizing LPS and ATP. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182057. [PMID: 28750089 PMCID: PMC5531531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most important defense mechanisms against bacterial infections in insects, plants, non-mammalian vertebrates, and mammals. In the present study, a class of synthetic AMPs was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. One cationic AMP, GW-A2, demonstrated the ability to inhibit the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. GW-A2 reduced LPS-induced increases in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C-α/δ and the activation of NF-κB. GW-A2 also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS and ATP. Furthermore, in the mice injected with LPS, GW-A2 reduced (1) the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum; (2) the concentration of TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage; (3) the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and NLRP3 in the liver and lung; (4) the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the liver and lung. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory activity of GW-A2 were found to be partially due to LPS and ATP neutralization. These results provide insights into how GW-A2 inhibits inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome and provide a foundation for the design of rational therapeutics for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lisen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Dong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Tze Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (WJC)
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (WJC)
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30
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A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus modulates immune response in macrophages and in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6315. [PMID: 28740170 PMCID: PMC5524719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin (CGL) from the edible mussel Crenomytilus grayanus has been demonstrated to exhibit antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism of immune modulation by CGL in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGL can activate immune responses in macrophages and in mice. In the in vitro cell models, CGL induced tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 secretion in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human THP-1 macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The CGL-mediated cytokine production was regulated by reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Interestingly, in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, CGL induced endotoxin tolerance (characterized by the downregulation of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase II) via the downregulation of IRAK2 expression, JNK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. CGL also slightly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages and induced cytokine production in mouse models. Overall, our data indicate that CGL has the potential to be used as an immune modulator in mammals.
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Niu Y, Li Q, Xie R, Liu S, Wang R, Xing P, Shi Y, Wang Y, Dong L, Wang C. Modulating the phenotype of host macrophages to enhance osteogenesis in MSC-laden hydrogels: Design of a glucomannan coating material. Biomaterials 2017; 139:39-55. [PMID: 28582717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biomaterials-host interaction is a dynamic process in which macrophages play a vital role of regulation. Depending on the biochemical signals they sense, these highly plastic cells can mediate the immune response against the implanted scaffolds and/or exert regenerative potency to varying extent. Designing appropriate 'exterior signals' for scaffolds may exploit the power of endogenous macrophages to aid the regeneration of engineered tissues. To realise this goal, this study devised an injectable, instantaneously-solidifying coating material (acBSP) based on a unique, macrophage-affinitive glucomannan polysaccharide. Coating of three-dimensional hydrogel constructs with acBSP was rapid, neat and complete, requiring neither chemical reactions nor harsh conditions. Comprehensive in vitro analyses indicated that acBSP efficiently facilitated the adhesion and activation of macrophages and notably induced the macrophages to express pro-osteogenic/-angiogenic genes. Further in vivo assessment of acBSP-coated, mesenchymal stem cells-laden hydrogels in a murine dorsal subcutaneous pocket model demonstrated efficient macrophage activation, desirable scaffold-tissue integration and improved osteogenic differentiation in the delivered cells. In summary, by activating macrophages into a pro-osteogenic phenotype, the acBSP coating has demonstrated its competency as an innovative, open and efficacious platform to harness the power of host immunity for enhancing the regenerative performance of engineered tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ruiyu Xie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Panfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China.
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Kang HJ, Jeong JS, Park NJ, Go GB, Kim SO, Park C, Kim BW, Hong SH, Choi YH. An ethanol extract of Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:85-94. [PMID: 28179600 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for centuries to treat cough, asthma, insect bites, etc. Recent reports indicate that A. yomena possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities; however, few experiments have described its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of A. yomena leaves (EEAY) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with EEAY significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as nitric oxide and interleukin-1β, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, without incurring any significant cytotoxicity. These protective effects were accompanied by a marked reduction in the expression of regulatory genes at the transcription level. Treatment with EEAY also inhibited the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-κB and by degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB; these effects were associated with suppression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The EEAY treatment also potently suppressed LPS-induced toll like receptor (TLR) 4 expression and attenuated the binding of LPS to the macrophage cell surface. In addition, EEAY treatment markedly inhibited LPS-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of EEAY on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages were apparently associated with suppression of the TLR-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. More work is needed to fully understand the critical role and clinical usefulness of EEAY treatment, but the findings of the present study provide some insights into the potential of EEAY as a therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine
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Basava V, Romlein H, Bitsaktsis C, Marzabadi CH. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of a low molecular weight saccharide with TLR-4 agonist activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:697-705. [PMID: 27979367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The paucity of FDA approved adjuvants renders the synthesis, characterization, and use of new compounds as vaccine adjuvants, a necessity. For this purpose, a novel saccharide analog has been synthesized from glucosamine, pyruvylated galactose and 1,4-cyclohexanediol and its biological efficacy was determined in innate immune cells. More specifically, we assessed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the murine monocyte cell line, Raw 264.7 and from C57 BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages following exposure to the saccharide analog. Our data conclude that the novel saccharide has immunostimulatory activity on mouse macrophages as indicated by the elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in culture supernatants. This effect was TLR-4-dependent but TLR-2-independent. Our data, suggest TLR-4 agonism; a key feature of vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Basava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Heather Romlein
- Department of Biological Science, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Constantine Bitsaktsis
- Department of Biological Science, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Cecilia H Marzabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
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Identification of a capsular variant and characterization of capsular acetylation in Klebsiella pneumoniae PLA-associated type K57. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31946. [PMID: 27550826 PMCID: PMC4994043 DOI: 10.1038/srep31946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is important for its virulence. Among 79 capsular (K) types discovered thus far, K57 is often associated with PLA. Here, we report the identification of a K57 variant. Cps gene locus sequencing revealed differences between the K57 reference strain 4425/51 (Ref-K57) and a variant, the PLA isolate A1142. While Ref-K57 cps contained orf13 encoding a putative acetyltransferase, the insertion of a putative transposase-encoding gene at this position was detected in A1142. This variation was detected in other K57 clinical strains. Biochemical analyses indicated that A1142 was deficient in CPS acetylation. Genetic replacement and complementation verified that orf13 was responsible for CPS acetylation. Acetylation increased CPS immunoreactivity to antiserum and enhanced K. pneumoniae induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines through JNK and MAPK signaling. While acetylation diminished the serum resistance of bacteria, it promoted adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells possibly via increasing production of type I fimbriae. In conclusion, acetylation-mediated capsular variation in K57 was observed. Capsular acetylation contributed to the variety and antigenic diversity of CPS, influenced its biological activities, and was involved in K. pneumoniae-host interactions. These findings have implications for vaccine design and pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae.
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Zhang X, Qi C, Guo Y, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Toll-like receptor 4-related immunostimulatory polysaccharides: Primary structure, activity relationships, and possible interaction models. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:186-206. [PMID: 27261743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is an important polysaccharide receptor; however, the relationships between the structures and biological activities of TLR4 and polysaccharides remain unknown. Many recent findings have revealed the primary structure of TLR4/MD-2-related polysaccharides, and several three-dimensional structure models of polysaccharide-binding proteins have been reported; and these models provide insights into the mechanisms through which polysaccharides interact with TLR4. In this review, we first discuss the origins of polysaccharides related to TLR4, including polysaccharides from higher plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. We then briefly describe the glucosidic bond types of TLR4-related heteroglycans and homoglycans and describe the typical molecular weights of TLR4-related polysaccharides. The primary structures and activity relationships of polysaccharides with TLR4/MD-2 are also discussed. Finally, based on the existing interaction models of LPS with TLR4/MD-2 and linear polysaccharides with proteins, we provide insights into the possible interaction models of polysaccharide ligands with TLR4/MD-2. To our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize the primary structures and activity relationships of TLR4-related polysaccharides and the possible mechanisms of interaction for TLR4 and TLR4-related polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Totté P, Puech C, Rodrigues V, Bertin C, Manso-Silvan L, Thiaucourt F. Free exopolysaccharide from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Vet Res 2015; 46:122. [PMID: 26490663 PMCID: PMC4618858 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the immunomodulatory properties of highly purified free galactan, the soluble exopolysaccharide secreted by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). Galactan was shown to bind to TLR2 but not TLR4 using HEK293 reporter cells and to induce the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in bovine macrophages, whereas low IL-12p40 and no TNF-α, both pro-inflammatory cytokines, were induced in these cells. In addition, pre-treatment of macrophages with galactan substantially reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-12p40 while increasing LPS-induced secretion of immunosuppressive IL-10. Also, galactan did not activate naïve lymphocytes and induced only low production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in Mmm-experienced lymphocytes. Finally, galactan triggered weak recall proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-infected animals despite having a positive effect on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. All together, these results suggest that galactan possesses anti-inflammatory properties and potentially provides Mmm with a mechanism to evade host innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Totté
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Carinne Puech
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Valérie Rodrigues
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Clothilde Bertin
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucia Manso-Silvan
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Thiaucourt
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
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Mandal AK, Sen IK, Maity P, Chattopadhyay S, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Islam SS. Structural elucidation and biological studies of a novel exopolysaccaride from Klebsiella pneumoniae PB12. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:413-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li B, Zhao Y, Liu C, Chen Z, Zhou D. Molecular pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2015; 9:1071-81. [PMID: 25340836 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which mostly affects those with weakened immune systems and tends to cause nosocomial infections. A subset of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae serotypes with elevated production of capsule polysaccharide can affect previously healthy persons and cause life-threatening community-acquired infections, such as pyogenic liver abscess, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis, endophthalmitis and severe pneumonia. K. pneumoniae utilizes a variety of virulence factors, especially capsule polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, outer membrane proteins and determinants for iron acquisition and nitrogen source utilization, for survival and immune evasion during infection. This article aims to present the state-of-the-art understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Capsular Polysaccharide Is Involved in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K1. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3396-409. [PMID: 26077758 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00125-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (strain 43816, K2 serotype) induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, but neither the bacterial factor triggering the activation of these inflammasome-dependent responses nor whether they are mediated by NLRP3 or NLRC4 is known. In this study, we identified a capsular polysaccharide (K1-CPS) in K. pneumoniae (NTUH-K2044, K1 serotype), isolated from a primary pyogenic liver abscess (PLA K. pneumoniae), as the Klebsiella factor that induces IL-1β secretion in an NLRP3-, ASC-, and caspase-1-dependent manner in macrophages. K1-CPS induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation. Inhibition of both the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and mitochondrial ROS generation inhibited K1-CPS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, IL-1β secretion in macrophages infected with PLA K. pneumoniae was shown to depend on NLRP3 but also on NLRC4 and TLR4. In macrophages infected with a K1-CPS deficiency mutant, an lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficiency mutant, or K1-CPS and LPS double mutants, IL-1β secretion levels were lower than those in cells infected with wild-type PLA K. pneumoniae. Our findings indicate that K1-CPS is one of the Klebsiella factors of PLA K. pneumoniae that induce IL-1β secretion through the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae using lithium chloride in an intragastric infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:1525-33. [PMID: 25534739 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04261-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric Klebsiella pneumoniae infections of mice can cause liver abscesses, necrosis of liver tissues, and bacteremia. Lithium chloride, a widely prescribed drug for bipolar mood disorder, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Using an intragastric infection model, the effects of LiCl on K. pneumoniae infections were examined. Providing mice with drinking water containing LiCl immediately after infection protected them from K. pneumoniae-induced death and liver injuries, such as necrosis of liver tissues, as well as increasing blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, in a dose-dependent manner. LiCl administered as late as 24 h postinfection still provided protection. Monitoring of the LiCl concentrations in the sera of K. pneumoniae-infected mice showed that approximately 0.33 mM LiCl was the most effective dose for protecting mice against infections, which is lower than the clinically toxic dose of LiCl. Surveys of bacterial counts and cytokine expression levels in LiCl-treated mice revealed that both were effectively inhibited in blood and liver tissues. Using in vitro assays, we found that LiCl (5 μM to 1 mM) did not directly interfere with the growth of K. pneumoniae but made K. pneumoniae cells lose the mucoid phenotype and become more susceptible to macrophage killing. Furthermore, low doses of LiCl also partially enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages. Taken together, these data suggest that LiCl is an alternative therapeutic agent for K. pneumoniae-induced liver infections.
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Chen X, Yu G, Fan S, Bian M, Ma H, Lu J, Jin L. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide activates nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and induces cytokine production via Toll-like receptors. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:113-20. [PMID: 24708959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of macrophage activation by the Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFPS). As a result, SFPS significantly enhanced cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) productions in peritoneal macrophages, and stimulated macrophages to produce the cytokines and NO through the induction of their genes expression. The pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with special antibodies [Toll-like receptors (TLRs) antibody] significantly blocked SFPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and NO production. Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of NF-κB, effectively suppressed SFPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion in peritoneal macrophages, indicating that SFPS stimulated macrophages to produce cytokines through the NF-κB pathway and the result was further confirmed by the experiment of Western blotting (WB) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Taken together, these results suggest that SFPS-mediated induction of cytokines and NO production in macrophages is mediated, at least in part, by TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guoqing Yu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sairong Fan
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Manman Bian
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huijun Ma
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Tan J, Zhang F, Liang F, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang J, Liu X. Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment against spinal cord injury in rats via toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1911-1919. [PMID: 24966901 PMCID: PMC4069961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical problem with high mortality and disability rates. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment is beneficial for neurological recovery after SCI, but the underlying mechanisms await characterization. This study examined whether HBO treatment following SCI in rats exerts a neuroprotective effect through activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. The SC of rats was injured via T10 laminectomy. Experimental animals (n=144) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SH), SH+HBO, SCI, and SCI+HBO. Each group was subdivided into six subgroups (n=6 per group) that were examined at 12 h, and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days post-injury. Functional recovery in the hind limb was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. The expression of TLR2 and NF-кB was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, while interleukin-1 (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TLR2 and NF-кB levels and histological scores were higher in the SCI than in the SH and SH+HBO groups at various time points. HBO treatment decreased TLR2 and NF-кB expression and histological scores as well as IL-1β and TNF-α levels compared to the SCI group at early post-injury stages. In addition, BBB scores were improved in the SCI+HBO relative to the SCI group at 7 and 14 days. HBO treatment may mitigate secondary injury to the SC by inhibiting inflammatory responses induced by TLR2/NF-кB signaling, thereby promoting functional recovery and improving neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Tan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, 100020, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, 100020, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, 100020, China
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Hunt JJ, Astley R, Wheatley N, Wang JT, Callegan MC. TLR4 contributes to the host response to Klebsiella intraocular infection. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:790-802. [PMID: 24588082 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.883412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a blinding infection called endogenous endophthalmitis. The role of innate immune recognition of K. pneumoniae in the eye during infection is not known. We hypothesized that intraocular recognition of K. pneumoniae was mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and may be dependent on MagA-regulated hypermucoviscosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental endophthalmitis was induced in C57BL/6J or TLR4(-/-) mice by intravitreal injection of 100 CFU of wild type or ΔmagA K. pneumoniae. Infection and inflammation were quantified by determining viable K. pneumoniae per eye, retinal responses via electroretinography, myeloperoxidase activity of infiltrating neutrophils and the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine response. RESULTS C57BL/6J and TLR4(-/-) mice could not control intraocular wild-type K. pneumoniae growth. TLR4(-/-) mice were less able than C57BL/6J to control the intraocular growth of ΔmagA K. pneumoniae. Retinal function testing suggested that infection with ΔmagA K. pneumoniae resulted in less retinal function loss. There was a TLR4-dependent delay in initial neutrophil recruitment, regardless of the infecting organism. The proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine data supported these results. These findings were not due to an inability of TLR4(-/-) neutrophils to recognize or kill K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that TLR4 is important in the early intraocular recognition and host response to K. pneumoniae. However, the role of MagA in TLR4-mediated intraocular recognition and subsequent inflammation is less clear.
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Yu Q, Nie SP, Wang JQ, Yin PF, Huang DF, Li WJ, Xie MY. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated ROS signaling pathway involved in Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α secretion during macrophage activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:14-22. [PMID: 24447977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma atrum has been used as Chinese traditional medicine and healthful mushroom for thousands of years. The polysaccharide is regarded as the major bioactive substances in G. atrum. To delineate the underlying mechanism and signaling cascade involved in the immunomodulatory property of G. atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1). Specifically, this study is designed to examine the possibility of TLR4 as a candidate receptor interacted with G. atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) and elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PSG-1-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production during macrophage activation. Flow cytometric and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis showed that fluorescence-labeled PSG-1 bind specifically to the macrophages. Moreover, PSG-1 stimulated TNF-α secretion of peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice, but not from C3H/HeJ mice. PSG-1-indcued TNF-α production was suppressed by anti-TLR4 mAb. Furthermore, ROS production was mediated by TLR4, and NADPH oxidase-derived ROS act as upstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway in the regulation of PSG-1 stimulated TNF-α production. Taken together, we conclude that PSG-1 induces TNF-α secretion through TLR4/ROS/PI3K/Akt/MAPKs/NF-κB pathways during macrophage activation. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the potential of PSG-1 as a novel immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jun-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Dan-Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Curcumin inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro via ROS-relative TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:901-11. [PMID: 23645013 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether curcumin (Cur) suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rats, and to determine its molecular mechanisms. METHODS Primary rat VSMCs were treated with LPS (1 μg/L) and Cur (5, 10, or 30 μmol/L) for 24 h. The levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, and iNOS were measured using ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. NO level was analyzed with the Griess reaction. Western-blotting was used to detect the activation of TLR4, MAPKs, IκBα, NF-κB p65, and the p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase in the cells. RESULTS Treatment of VSMCs with LPS dramatically increased expression of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and TNF-α, expression of TLR4 and iNOS, and NO production. LPS also significantly increased phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and phosphorylation of MAPKs in VSMCs. Furthermore, LPS significantly increased production of intracellular ROS, and decreased expression of p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase. Pretreatment with Cur concentration-dependently attenuated all the aberrant changes in LPS-treated VSMCs. The LPS-induced overexpression of MCP-1 and TNF-α, and NO production were attenuated by pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC or anti-TLR4 antibody, but not with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. CONCLUSION Cur suppresses LPS-induced overexpression of inflammatory mediators in VSMCs in vitro via inhibiting the TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB pathways, partly due to block of NADPH-mediated intracellular ROS production.
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Harnessing the power of macrophages/monocytes for enhanced bone tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:342-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Frank CG, Reguerio V, Rother M, Moranta D, Maeurer AP, Garmendia J, Meyer TF, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniae targets an EGF receptor-dependent pathway to subvert inflammation. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1212-33. [PMID: 23347154 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcriptional factor plays a key role governing the activation of immune responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by lacking an early inflammatory response. Recently, we have demonstrated that Klebsiella antagonizes the activation of NF-κB via the deubiquitinase CYLD. In this work, by applying a high-throughput siRNA gain-of-function screen interrogating the human kinome, we identified 17 kinases that when targeted by siRNA restored IL-1β-dependent NF-κB translocation in infected cells. Further characterization revealed that K. pneumoniae activates an EGF receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K)-AKT-PAK4-ERK-GSK3β signalling pathway to attenuate the cytokine-dependent nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Our data also revealed that CYLD is a downstream effector of K. pneumoniae-induced EGFR-PI3K-AKT-PAK4-ERK-GSK3β signalling pathway. Our efforts to identify the bacterial factor(s)responsible for EGFR activation demonstrate that a capsule (CPS) mutant did not activate EGFR hence suggesting that CPS could mediate the activation of EGFR. Supporting this notion, purified CPS did activate EGFR as well as the EGFR-dependent PI3K-AKT-PAK4-ERK-GSK3β signalling pathway. CPS-mediated EGFR activation was dependent on a TLR4-MyD88-c-SRC-dependent pathway. Several promising drugs have been developed to antagonize this cascade. We propose that agents targeting this signalling pathway might provide selective alternatives for the management of K. pneumoniae pneumonias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Frank
- Laboratory Microbial Pathogenesis, Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB), Recinto Hospital Joan March, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
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Hsieh PF, Lin TL, Yang FL, Wu MC, Pan YJ, Wu SH, Wang JT. Lipopolysaccharide O1 antigen contributes to the virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing pyogenic liver abscess. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33155. [PMID: 22427976 PMCID: PMC3299736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the common cause of a global emerging infectious disease, community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are critical for this microorganism's ability to spread through the blood and to cause sepsis. While CPS type K1 is an important virulence factor in K. pneumoniae causing PLA, the role of LPS in PLA is not clear. Here, we characterize the role of LPS O antigen in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae causing PLA. NTUH-K2044 is a LPS O1 clinical strain; the presence of the O antigen was shown via the presence of 1,3-galactan in the LPS, and of sequences that align with the wb gene cluster, known to produce O-antigen. Serologic analysis of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates demonstrated that the O1 serotype was more prevalent in PLA strains than that in non-tissue-invasive strains (38/42 vs. 9/32, P<0.0001). O1 serotype isolates had a higher frequency of serum resistance, and mutation of the O1 antigen changed serum resistance in K. pneumoniae. A PLA-causing strain of CPS capsular type K2 and LPS serotype O1 (i.e., O1:K2 PLA strain) deleted for the O1 synthesizing genes was profoundly attenuated in virulence, as demonstrated in separate mouse models of septicemia and liver abscess. Immunization of mice with the K2044 magA-mutant (K(1) (-) O(1)) against LPS O1 provided protection against infection with an O1:K2 PLA strain, but not against infection with an O1:K1 PLA strain. Our findings indicate that the O1 antigen of PLA-associated K. pneumoniae contributes to virulence by conveying resistance to serum killing, promoting bacterial dissemination to and colonization of internal organs after the onset of bacteremia, and could be a useful vaccine candidate against infection by an O1:K2 PLA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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