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Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Srivastava LK, Ehrlicher AJ. Sensing the squeeze: nuclear mechanotransduction in health and disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2374854. [PMID: 38951951 PMCID: PMC11221475 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2374854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleus not only is a repository for DNA but also a center of cellular and nuclear mechanotransduction. From nuclear deformation to the interplay between mechanosensing components and genetic control, the nucleus is poised at the nexus of mechanical forces and cellular function. Understanding the stresses acting on the nucleus, its mechanical properties, and their effects on gene expression is therefore crucial to appreciate its mechanosensitive function. In this review, we examine many elements of nuclear mechanotransduction, and discuss the repercussions on the health of cells and states of illness. By describing the processes that underlie nuclear mechanosensation and analyzing its effects on gene regulation, the review endeavors to open new avenues for studying nuclear mechanics in physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen J. Ehrlicher
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Tan H, Daraqel B, Ming Y, Li X, Yang G, He X, Song J, Zheng L. The cytoskeleton dynamics-dependent LINC complex in periodontal ligament stem cells transmits mechanical stress to the nuclear envelope and promotes YAP nuclear translocation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 39243052 PMCID: PMC11380336 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are important seed cells in tissue engineering and clinical applications. They are the priority receptor cells for sensing various mechanical stresses. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a recognized mechanically sensitive transcription factor. However, the role of YAP in regulating the fate of PDLSCs under tension stress (TS) and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS The effects of TS on the morphology and fate of PDLSCs were investigated using fluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and gene knockdown experiments were performed to investigate the expression and distribution of YAP and its correlation with PDLSCs proliferation. The effects of cytoskeleton dynamics on YAP nuclear translocation were subsequently explored by adding cytoskeleton inhibitors. The effect of cytoskeleton dynamics on the expression of the LINC complex was proved through qRT-PCR and western blotting. After destroying the LINC complex by adenovirus, the effects of the LINC complex on YAP nuclear translocation and PDLSCs proliferation were investigated. Mitochondria-related detections were then performed to explore the role of mitochondria in YAP nuclear translocation. Finally, the in vitro results were verified by constructing orthodontic tooth movement models in Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS TS enhanced the polymerization and stretching of F-actin, which upregulated the expression of the LINC complex. This further strengthened the pull on the nuclear envelope, enlarged the nuclear pore, and facilitated YAP's nuclear entry, thus enhancing the expression of proliferation-related genes. In this process, mitochondria were transported to the periphery of the nucleus along the reconstructed microtubules. They generated ATP to aid YAP's nuclear translocation and drove F-actin polymerization to a certain degree. When the LINC complex was destroyed, the nuclear translocation of YAP was inhibited, which limited PDLSCs proliferation, impeded periodontal tissue remodeling, and hindered tooth movement. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that appropriate TS could promote PDLSCs proliferation and periodontal tissue remodeling through the mechanically driven F-actin/LINC complex/YAP axis, which could provide theoretical guidance for seed cell expansion and for promoting healthy and effective tooth movement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Meng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hao Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Baraa Daraqel
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ye Ming
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Guoyin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| | - Leilei Zheng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Amiri F, Akinpelu AA, Keith WC, Hemmati F, Vaghasiya RS, Bowen D, Waliagha RS, Wang C, Chen P, Mitra AK, Li Y, Mistriotis P. Confinement controls the directional cell responses to fluid forces. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114692. [PMID: 39207902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how fluid forces influence cell migration in confining environments remains limited. By integrating microfluidics with live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that cells in tightly-but not moderately-confined spaces reverse direction and move upstream upon exposure to fluid forces. This fluid force-induced directional change occurs less frequently when cells display diminished mechanosensitivity, experience elevated hydraulic resistance, or sense a chemical gradient. Cell reversal requires actin polymerization to the new cell front, as shown mathematically and experimentally. Actin polymerization is necessary for the fluid force-induced activation of NHE1, which cooperates with calcium to induce upstream migration. Calcium levels increase downstream, mirroring the subcellular distribution of myosin IIA, whose activation enhances upstream migration. Reduced lamin A/C levels promote downstream migration of metastatic tumor cells by preventing cell polarity establishment and intracellular calcium rise. This mechanism could allow cancer cells to evade high-pressure environments, such as the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ayuba A Akinpelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - William C Keith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Farnaz Hemmati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ravi S Vaghasiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Dylan Bowen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Razan S Waliagha
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amit K Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yizeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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5
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Hansen E, Rolling C, Wang M, Holaska JM. Emerin deficiency drives MCF7 cells to an invasive phenotype. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19998. [PMID: 39198511 PMCID: PMC11358522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells traverse the vasculature by squeezing through very small gaps in the endothelium. Thus, nuclei in metastatic cancer cells must become more malleable to move through these gaps. Our lab showed invasive breast cancer cells have 50% less emerin protein resulting in smaller, misshapen nuclei, and higher metastasis rates than non-cancerous controls. Thus, emerin deficiency was predicted to cause increased nuclear compliance, cell migration, and metastasis. We tested this hypothesis by downregulating emerin in noninvasive MCF7 cells and found emerin knockdown causes smaller, dysmorphic nuclei, resulting in increased impeded cell migration. Emerin reduction in invasive breast cancer cells showed similar results. Supporting the clinical relevance of emerin reduction in cancer progression, our analysis of 192 breast cancer patient samples showed emerin expression inversely correlates with cancer invasiveness. We conclude emerin loss is an important driver of invasive transformation and has utility as a biomarker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Christal Rolling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Matthew Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - James M Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MEB 534, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA.
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Hansen E, Rolling C, Wang M, Holaska JM. Emerin deficiency drives MCF7 cells to an invasive phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581379. [PMID: 38712242 PMCID: PMC11071294 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells traverse the vasculature by squeezing through very small gaps in the endothelium. Thus, nuclei in metastatic cancer cells must become more malleable to move through these gaps. Our lab showed invasive breast cancer cells have 50% less emerin protein resulting in smaller, misshapen nuclei, and higher metastasis rates than non-cancerous controls. Thus, emerin deficiency was predicted to cause increased nuclear compliance, cell migration, and metastasis. We tested this hypothesis by downregulating emerin in noninvasive MCF7 cells and found emerin knockdown causes smaller, dysmorphic nuclei, resulting in increased impeded cell migration. Emerin reduction in invasive breast cancer cells showed similar results. Supporting the clinical relevance of emerin reduction in cancer progression, our analysis of 192 breast cancer patient samples showed emerin expression inversely correlates with cancer invasiveness. We conclude emerin loss is an important driver of invasive transformation and has utility as a biomarker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
| | - Christal Rolling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
| | - Matthew Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - James M. Holaska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Neuroscience Program, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stratford, NJ
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7
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La Torre M, Burla R, Saggio I. Preserving Genome Integrity: Unveiling the Roles of ESCRT Machinery. Cells 2024; 13:1307. [PMID: 39120335 PMCID: PMC11311930 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is composed of an articulated architecture of proteins that assemble at multiple cellular sites. The ESCRT machinery is involved in pathways that are pivotal for the physiology of the cell, including vesicle transport, cell division, and membrane repair. The subunits of the ESCRT I complex are mainly responsible for anchoring the machinery to the action site. The ESCRT II subunits function to bridge and recruit the ESCRT III subunits. The latter are responsible for finalizing operations that, independently of the action site, involve the repair and fusion of membrane edges. In this review, we report on the data related to the activity of the ESCRT machinery at two sites: the nuclear membrane and the midbody and the bridge linking cells in the final stages of cytokinesis. In these contexts, the machinery plays a significant role for the protection of genome integrity by contributing to the control of the abscission checkpoint and to nuclear envelope reorganization and correlated resilience. Consistently, several studies show how the dysfunction of the ESCRT machinery causes genome damage and is a codriver of pathologies, such as laminopathies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
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Jaganathan A, Toth J, Chen X, Basir R, Pieuchot L, Shen Y, Reinhart-King C, Shenoy VB. Mechano-metabolism of metastatic breast cancer cells in 2D and 3D microenvironments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591879. [PMID: 38746096 PMCID: PMC11092625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cells regulate their shape and metabolic activity in response to the mechano-chemical properties of their microenvironment. To elucidate the impact of matrix stiffness and ligand density on the bioenergetics of mesenchymal cells, we developed a nonequilibrium, active chemo-mechanical model that accounts for the mechanical energy of the cell and matrix, chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis, interfacial energy, and mechano-sensitive regulation of stress fiber assembly through signaling. By integrating the kinetics and energetics of these processes, we define the cell "metabolic potential" that, when minimized, provides testable predictions of cell contractility, shape, and ATP consumption. Specifically, we show that the morphology of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in 3D collagen changes from spherical to elongated to spherical with increasing matrix stiffness, which is consistent with experimental observations. On 2D hydrogels, our model predicts a hemispherical-to-spindle-to-disc shape transition with increasing gel stiffness. In both cases, we show that these shape transitions emerge from competition between the energy of ATP hydrolysis associated with increased contractility that drives cell elongation and the interfacial energy that favors a rounded shape. Furthermore, our model can predict how increased energy demand in stiffer microenvironments is met by AMPK activation, which is confirmed experimentally in both 2D and 3D microenvironments and found to correlate with the upregulation of mitochondrial potential, glucose uptake, and ATP levels, as well as provide estimates of changes in intracellular adenosine nucleotide concentrations with changing environmental stiffness. Overall, we present a framework for relating adherent cell energy levels and contractility through biochemical regulation of underlying physical processes. Statement of Significance Increasing evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is regulated by mechanical cues from the extracellular environment. Forces transmitted from the microenvironment activate mechanotransduction pathways in the cell, which trigger a cascade of biochemical events that impact cytoskeletal tension, cellular morphology and energy budget available to the cell. Using a nonequilibrium free energy-based theory, we can predict the ATP consumption, contractility, and shape of mesenchymal cancer cells, as well as how cells regulate energy levels dependent on the mechanosensitive metabolic regulator AMPK. The insights from our model can be used to understand the mechanosensitive regulation of metabolism during metastasis and tumor progression, during which cells experience dynamic changes in their microenvironment and metabolic state.
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Zhang L, Strange M, Elishaev E, Zaidi S, Modugno F, Radolec M, Edwards RP, Finn OJ, Vlad AM. Characterization of latently infected EBV+ antibody-secreting B cells isolated from ovarian tumors and malignant ascites. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379175. [PMID: 39086481 PMCID: PMC11288875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intra-tumoral B cells mediate a plethora of immune effector mechanisms with key roles in anti-tumor immunity and serve as positive prognostic indicators in a variety of solid tumor types, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Several aspects of intra-tumoral B cells remain unclear, such as their state of activation, antigenic repertoires, and capacity to mature into plasma cells. Methods B lymphocytes were isolated from primary EOC tissue and malignant ascites and were maintained in cell culture medium. The stably maintained cell lines were profiled with flow cytometry and B cell receptor sequencing. Secreted antibodies were tested with a human proteome array comprising more than 21,000 proteins, followed by ELISA for validation. Originating tumor samples were used for spatial profiling with chip cytometry. Results Antibody-secreting B lymphocytes were isolated from the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME) of four different EOC patients. The highly clonal cell populations underwent spontaneous immortalization in vitro, were stably maintained in an antibody-secreting state, and showed presence of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) proteins. All originating tumors had high frequency of tumor-infiltrating B cells, present as lymphoid aggregates, or tertiary lymphoid structures. The antigens recognized by three of the four cell lines are coil-coil domain containing protein 155 (CCDC155), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase2 (PDP2), respectively. Anti-CCDC155 circulating IgG antibodies were detected in 9 of 20 (45%) of EOC patients' sera. Tissue analyses with multiparameter chip cytometry shows that the antibodies secreted by these novel human B cell lines engage their cognate antigens on tumor cells. Discussion These studies demonstrate that within the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population in EOC resides a low frequency population of antibody-secreting B cells that have been naturally exposed to EBV. Once stably maintained, these novel cell lines offer unique opportunities for future studies on intratumor B cell biology and new target antigen recognition, and for studies on EBV latency and/or viral reactivation in the TME of non-EBV related solid tumors such as the EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary Strange
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Syed Zaidi
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzy Radolec
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Olivera J. Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anda M. Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Scott KL, Halfmann CT, Hoefakker AD, Purkayastha P, Wang TC, Lele TP, Roux KJ. Nucleocytoplasmic transport rates are regulated by cellular processes that modulate GTP availability. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308152. [PMID: 38683248 PMCID: PMC11059771 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT), the facilitated diffusion of cargo molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), enables numerous fundamental eukaryotic cellular processes. Ran GTPase uses cellular energy in the direct form of GTP to create a gradient across the nuclear envelope (NE) that drives the majority of NCT. We report here that changes in GTP availability resulting from altered cellular physiology modulate the rate of NCT, as monitored using synthetic and natural cargo, and the dynamics of Ran itself. Cell migration, cell spreading, and/or modulation of the cytoskeleton or its connection to the nucleus alter GTP availability and thus rates of NCT, regulating RNA export and protein synthesis. These findings support a model in which changes in cellular physiology that alter GTP availability can regulate the rate of NCT, impacting fundamental cellular processes that extensively utilize NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Scott
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Allison D. Hoefakker
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ting Ching Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Pavlov DA, Corredera CS, Dehghany M, Heffler J, Shen KM, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Randell R, Uchida K, Jain R, Shenoy V, Lammerding J, Prosser B. Microtubule forces drive nuclear damage in LMNA cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.10.579774. [PMID: 38948795 PMCID: PMC11212868 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.579774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear homeostasis requires a balance of forces between the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Variants in LMNA disrupt this balance by weakening the nuclear lamina, resulting in nuclear damage in contractile tissues and ultimately muscle disease. Intriguingly, disrupting the LINC complex that connects the cytoskeleton to the nucleus has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate LMNA cardiomyopathy. Yet how LINC disruption protects the cardiomyocyte nucleus remains unclear. To address this, we developed an assay to quantify the coupling of cardiomyocyte contraction to nuclear deformation and interrogated its dependence on the lamina and LINC complex. We found that the LINC complex was surprisingly dispensable for transferring the majority of contractile strain into the nucleus, and that increased nuclear strain in Lmna-deficient myocytes was not rescued by LINC disruption. However, LINC disruption eliminated the cage of microtubules encircling the nucleus, and disrupting microtubules was sufficient to prevent nuclear damage induced by LMNA deficiency. Through computational modeling we simulated the mechanical stress fields surrounding cardiomyocyte nuclei and show how microtubule compression exploits local vulnerabilities to damage LMNA-deficient nuclei. Our work pinpoints localized, microtubule-dependent force transmission through the LINC complex as a pathological driver and therapeutic target for LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Amiad Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen Suay Corredera
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Dehghany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Heffler
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rani Randell
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Benjamin Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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12
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Keys J, Cheung BCH, Elpers MA, Wu M, Lammerding J. Rear cortex contraction aids in nuclear transit during confined migration by increasing pressure in the cell posterior. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260623. [PMID: 38832512 PMCID: PMC11234373 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As cells migrate through biological tissues, they must frequently squeeze through micron-sized constrictions in the form of interstitial pores between extracellular matrix fibers and/or other cells. Although it is now well recognized that such confined migration is limited by the nucleus, which is the largest and stiffest organelle, it remains incompletely understood how cells apply sufficient force to move their nucleus through small constrictions. Here, we report a mechanism by which contraction of the cell rear cortex pushes the nucleus forward to mediate nuclear transit through constrictions. Laser ablation of the rear cortex reveals that pushing forces behind the nucleus are the result of increased intracellular pressure in the rear compartment of the cell. The pushing forces behind the nucleus depend on accumulation of actomyosin in the rear cortex and require Rho kinase (ROCK) activity. Collectively, our results suggest a mechanism by which cells generate elevated intracellular pressure in the posterior compartment to facilitate nuclear transit through three-dimensional (3D) constrictions. This mechanism might supplement or even substitute for other mechanisms supporting nuclear transit, ensuring robust cell migrations in confined 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Keys
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian C. H. Cheung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Margaret A. Elpers
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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13
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Mottareale R, Frascogna C, La Verde G, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Fusco S, Panzetta V, Pugliese M. Impact of ionizing radiation on cell-ECM mechanical crosstalk in breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1408789. [PMID: 38903185 PMCID: PMC11187264 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1408789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell motility and spreading, influencing cell morphology through cytoskeleton organization and transmembrane proteins' expression. In this context, mechanical characterization of both cells and the extracellular matrix gains prominence for enhanced diagnostics and clinical decision-making. Here, we investigate the combined effect of mechanotransduction and ionizing radiations on altering cells' mechanical properties, analysing mammary cell lines (MCF10A and MDA-MB-231) after X-ray radiotherapy (2 and 10 Gy). We found that ionizing radiations sensitively affect adenocarcinoma cells cultured on substrates mimicking cancerous tissue stiffness (15 kPa), inducing an increased structuration of paxillin-rich focal adhesions and cytoskeleton: this process translates in the augmentation of tension at the actin filaments level, causing cellular stiffness and consequently affecting cytoplasmatic/nuclear morphologies. Deeper exploration of the intricate interplay between mechanical factors and radiation should provide novel strategies to orient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mottareale
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems E. Caianiello (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Frascogna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Chojowski R, Schwarz US, Ziebert F. The role of the nucleus for cell mechanics: an elastic phase field approach. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4488-4503. [PMID: 38804018 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus of eukaryotic cells typically makes up around 30% of the cell volume and has significantly different mechanics, which can make it effectively up to ten times stiffer than the surrounding cytoplasm. Therefore it is an important element for cell mechanics, but a quantitative understanding of its mechanical role during whole cell dynamics is largely missing. Here we demonstrate that elastic phase fields can be used to describe dynamical cell processes in adhesive or confining environments in which the nucleus acts as a stiff inclusion in an elastic cytoplasm. We first introduce and verify our computational method and then study several prevalent cell-mechanical measurement methods. For cells on adhesive patterns, we find that nuclear stress is shielded by the adhesive pattern. For cell compression between two parallel plates, we obtain force-compression curves that allow us to extract an effective modulus for the cell-nucleus composite. For micropipette aspiration, the effect of the nucleus on the effective modulus is found to be much weaker, highlighting the complicated interplay between extracellular geometry and cell mechanics that is captured by our approach. We also show that our phase field approach can be used to investigate the effects of Kelvin-Voigt-type viscoelasticity and cortical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chojowski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falko Ziebert
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Kirby TJ, Zahr HC, Fong EHH, Lammerding J. Eliminating elevated p53 signaling fails to rescue skeletal muscle defects or extend survival in lamin A/C-deficient mice. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:245. [PMID: 38778055 PMCID: PMC11111808 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamins A and C, encoded by the LMNA gene, are nuclear intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the nucleus and contribute to chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation. LMNA mutations cause muscular dystrophies, dilated cardiomyopathy, and other diseases. The mechanisms by which many LMNA mutations result in muscle-specific diseases have remained elusive, presenting a major hurdle in the development of effective treatments. Previous studies using striated muscle laminopathy mouse models found that cytoskeletal forces acting on mechanically fragile Lmna-mutant nuclei led to transient nuclear envelope rupture, extensive DNA damage, and activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in skeletal muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, hearts of Lmna mutant mice have elevated activation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, a central regulator of DDR signaling. We hypothesized that elevated p53 activation could present a pathogenic mechanism in striated muscle laminopathies, and that eliminating p53 activation could improve muscle function and survival in laminopathy mouse models. Supporting a pathogenic function of p53 activation in muscle, stabilization of p53 was sufficient to reduce contractility and viability in wild-type muscle cells in vitro. Using three laminopathy models, we found that increased p53 activity in Lmna-mutant muscle cells primarily resulted from mechanically induced damage to the myonuclei, and not from altered transcriptional regulation due to loss of lamin A/C expression. However, global deletion of p53 in a severe muscle laminopathy model did not reduce the disease phenotype or increase survival, indicating that additional drivers of disease must contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kirby
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Hind C Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ern Hwei Hannah Fong
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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16
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Bougaran P, Bautch VL. Life at the crossroads: the nuclear LINC complex and vascular mechanotransduction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1411995. [PMID: 38831796 PMCID: PMC11144885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1411995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of all blood vessels, where they are exposed to polarized mechanical forces throughout their lifespan. Both basal substrate interactions and apical blood flow-induced shear stress regulate blood vessel development, remodeling, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions leads to dysfunction and vascular pathologies, although how forces are sensed and integrated to affect endothelial cell behaviors is incompletely understood. Recently the endothelial cell nucleus has emerged as a prominent force-transducing organelle that participates in vascular mechanotransduction, via communication to and from cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. The LINC complex, composed of SUN and nesprin proteins, spans the nuclear membranes and connects the nuclear lamina, the nuclear envelope, and the cytoskeleton. Here we review LINC complex involvement in endothelial cell mechanotransduction, describe unique and overlapping functions of each LINC complex component, and consider emerging evidence that two major SUN proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, orchestrate a complex interplay that extends outward to cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions and inward to interactions within the nucleus and chromatin. We discuss these findings in relation to vascular pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a premature aging disorder with cardiovascular impairment. More knowledge of LINC complex regulation and function will help to understand how the nucleus participates in endothelial cell force sensing and how dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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17
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Zi-Yi Z, Qin Q, Fei Z, Cun-Yu C, Lin T. Nesprin proteins: bridging nuclear envelope dynamics to muscular dysfunction. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:208. [PMID: 38566066 PMCID: PMC10986154 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, with a particular focus on Nesprin proteins, in cellular mechanics and the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. Distinguishing itself from prior works, the analysis delves deeply into the intricate interplay of the LINC complex, emphasizing its indispensable contribution to maintaining cellular structural integrity, especially in mechanically sensitive tissues such as cardiac and striated muscles. Additionally, the significant association between mutations in Nesprin proteins and the onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Through a comprehensive examination of DCM and EDMD cases, the review elucidates the disruptions in the LINC complex, nuclear morphology alterations, and muscular developmental disorders, thus emphasizing the essential function of an intact LINC complex in preserving muscle physiological functions. Moreover, the review provides novel insights into the implications of Nesprin mutations for cellular dynamics in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, particularly in maintaining cardiac structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, advanced therapeutic strategies, including rectifying Nesprin gene mutations, controlling Nesprin protein expression, enhancing LINC complex functionality, and augmenting cardiac muscle cell function are proposed. By shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions, the review lays the groundwork for future research and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing genetic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zi-Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Cun-Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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18
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Lima JT, Pereira AJ, Ferreira JG. The LINC complex ensures accurate centrosome positioning during prophase. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302404. [PMID: 38228373 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate centrosome separation and positioning during early mitosis relies on force-generating mechanisms regulated by a combination of extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear cues. The identity of the nuclear cues involved in this process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how the prophase nucleus contributes to centrosome positioning during the initial stages of mitosis, using a combination of cell micropatterning, high-resolution live-cell imaging, and quantitative 3D cellular reconstruction. We show that in untransformed RPE-1 cells, centrosome positioning is regulated by a nuclear signal, independently of external cues. This nuclear mechanism relies on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex that controls the timely loading of dynein on the nuclear envelope (NE), providing spatial cues for robust centrosome positioning on the shortest nuclear axis, before nuclear envelope permeabilization. Our results demonstrate how nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling maintains a robust centrosome positioning mechanism to ensure efficient mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- https://ror.org/04wjk1035 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Cao R, Tian H, Tian Y, Fu X. A Hierarchical Mechanotransduction System: From Macro to Micro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302327. [PMID: 38145330 PMCID: PMC10953595 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including mechanical forces and properties, are sensed and translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction is crucial for regulating macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and functionalities. However, the actions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to the whole-body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, the biological roles and operational mechanisms of mechanotransduction from macro to micro are revisited, with a focus on the orchestrations across diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, and challenges of mechanotransduction in human diseases are also summarized and discussed. Together, this knowledge from a hierarchical perspective has the potential to refresh insights into mechanotransduction regulation and disease pathogenesis and therapy, and ultimately revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
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20
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Nakamura F. The Role of Mechanotransduction in Contact Inhibition of Locomotion and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2135. [PMID: 38396812 PMCID: PMC10889191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition (CI) represents a crucial tumor-suppressive mechanism responsible for controlling the unbridled growth of cells, thus preventing the formation of cancerous tissues. CI can be further categorized into two distinct yet interrelated components: CI of locomotion (CIL) and CI of proliferation (CIP). These two components of CI have historically been viewed as separate processes, but emerging research suggests that they may be regulated by both distinct and shared pathways. Specifically, recent studies have indicated that both CIP and CIL utilize mechanotransduction pathways, a process that involves cells sensing and responding to mechanical forces. This review article describes the role of mechanotransduction in CI, shedding light on how mechanical forces regulate CIL and CIP. Emphasis is placed on filamin A (FLNA)-mediated mechanotransduction, elucidating how FLNA senses mechanical forces and translates them into crucial biochemical signals that regulate cell locomotion and proliferation. In addition to FLNA, trans-acting factors (TAFs), which are proteins or regulatory RNAs capable of directly or indirectly binding to specific DNA sequences in distant genes to regulate gene expression, emerge as sensitive players in both the mechanotransduction and signaling pathways of CI. This article presents methods for identifying these TAF proteins and profiling the associated changes in chromatin structure, offering valuable insights into CI and other biological functions mediated by mechanotransduction. Finally, it addresses unanswered research questions in these fields and delineates their possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Sirtori R, Gregoire M, Collins A, Santangelo S, Chatragadda B, Cullen R, Ratti A, Fallini C. Altered nuclear envelope homeostasis is a key pathogenic event in C9ORF72-linked ALS/FTD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578318. [PMID: 38352403 PMCID: PMC10862841 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ALS and FTD are complex neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, and cortical neurons in the frontal lobe. Although the pathogenesis of ALS/FTD is unclear, recent research spotlights nucleocytoplasmic transport impairment, DNA damage, and nuclear abnormalities as drivers of neuronal death. In this study, we show that loss of nuclear envelope (NE) integrity is a key pathology associated with nuclear pore complex (NPC) injury in C9ORF72 mutant neurons. Importantly, we show that mechanical stresses generated by cytoskeletal forces on the NE can lead to NPC injury, loss of nuclear integrity, and accumulation of DNA damage. Importantly, we demonstrate that restoring NE tensional homeostasis, by disconnecting the nucleus from the cytoskeleton, can rescue NPC injury and reduce DNA damage in C9ORF72 mutant cells. Together, our data suggest that modulation of NE homeostasis and repair may represent a novel and promising therapeutic target for ALS/FTD.
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22
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Cisterna B, Malatesta M. Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1833. [PMID: 38339110 PMCID: PMC10855217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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23
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Cenni V, Evangelisti C, Santi S, Sabatelli P, Neri S, Cavallo M, Lattanzi G, Mattioli E. Desmin and Plectin Recruitment to the Nucleus and Nuclei Orientation Are Lost in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Myoblasts Subjected to Mechanical Stimulation. Cells 2024; 13:162. [PMID: 38247853 PMCID: PMC10814836 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In muscle cells subjected to mechanical stimulation, LINC complex and cytoskeletal proteins are basic to preserve cellular architecture and maintain nuclei orientation and positioning. In this context, the role of lamin A/C remains mostly elusive. This study demonstrates that in human myoblasts subjected to mechanical stretching, lamin A/C recruits desmin and plectin to the nuclear periphery, allowing a proper spatial orientation of the nuclei. Interestingly, in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2) myoblasts exposed to mechanical stretching, the recruitment of desmin and plectin to the nucleus and nuclear orientation were impaired, suggesting that a functional lamin A/C is crucial for the response to mechanical strain. While describing a new mechanism of action headed by lamin A/C, these findings show a structural alteration that could be involved in the onset of the muscle defects observed in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Cavallo
- Shoulder-Elbow Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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24
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Huang Y, Peng Q, Tian X, Chen C, Zhu X, Huang C, Huo Z, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu C, Zhang P. Nuclear membrane protein SUN2 promotes replication of flaviviruses through modulating cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by NS1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:296. [PMID: 38177122 PMCID: PMC10766649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton is extensively recruited by flaviviruses for their infection. In this study, we uncovered an essential role of a nuclear membrane protein, SAD1/UNC84 domain protein 2 (SUN2) linking cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in the flavivirus replication. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SUN2, but not SUN1, significantly reduces the replication of Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). In contrast, SUN2 does not affect the infection of non-flaviviridae RNA viruses. All three regions of SUN2 are required for its proviral effect. Mechanistically, SUN2 facilitates rearrangement of cytoskeleton and formation of replication organelles induced by viral infection, and hence promotes viral RNA synthesis. SUN2 is required for the interaction between cytoskeleton actin and ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Expression of dominant negative Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, which connect SUN2 to cytoskeleton proteins, alleviates the interaction between actin and NS1 and reduces viral replication levels. In a neonatal mouse infection model, SUN2 knockout dramatically alleviates the in vivo ZIKV replication and development of neuropathology. This work elucidates that recruitment of cytoskeleton proteins by flavivirus is coordinated by nuclear membrane proteins SUN2 and Nesprins, providing evidence for a link between nuclear membrane proteins and flavivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qinyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuanfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Scott KL, Halfmann CT, Hoefakker AD, Purkayastha P, Wang TC, Lele TP, Roux KJ. Nucleocytoplasmic transport rates are regulated by cellular processes that modulate GTP availability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.29.573651. [PMID: 38234722 PMCID: PMC10793428 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT), the facilitated diffusion of cargo molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), enables numerous fundamental eukaryotic cellular processes. Ran GTPase uses cellular energy in the direct form of GTP to create a gradient across the nuclear envelope (NE) that drives the majority of NCT. We report here that changes in GTP availability resulting from altered cellular physiology modulate the rate of NCT, as monitored using synthetic and natural cargo, and the dynamics of Ran itself. Cell migration, cell spreading and/or modulation of the cytoskeleton or its connection to the nucleus alter GTP availability and thus rates of NCT, regulating RNA export and protein synthesis. These findings support a model in which changes in cellular physiology that alter GTP availability can regulate the rate of NCT, impacting fundamental cellular processes that extensively utilize NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Scott
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
| | | | - Allison D. Hoefakker
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ting Ching Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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26
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Yerima G, Domkam N, Ornowski J, Jahed Z, Mofrad MRK. Force transmission and SUN-KASH higher-order assembly in the LINC complex models. Biophys J 2023; 122:4582-4597. [PMID: 37924205 PMCID: PMC10719071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, whose conserved interactions provide a physical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton, thereby mediating the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. Recent studies have suggested a higher-order assembly of SUN and KASH instead of a more widely accepted linear trimer model for the LINC complex. In the present study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism of force transfer across the two proposed models of LINC complex assembly, namely the 3:3 linear trimer model and the 6:6 higher-order model. Employing steered molecular dynamics simulations with various structures using forces at different rates and directions, we examine the structural stability of the two models under various biologically relevant conditions. Our results suggest that both models can withstand and transfer significant levels of force while retaining their structural integrity. However, the force response of various SUN/KASH assemblies depend on the force direction and pulling rates. Slower pulling rates result in higher mean square fluctuations of the 3:3 assembly compared to the fast pulling. Interestingly, the 6:6 assembly tends to provide an additional range of motion flexibility and might be more advantageous to the structural rigidity and pliability of the nuclear envelope. These findings offer insights into how the SUN and KASH proteins maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghafar Yerima
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Nya Domkam
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jessica Ornowski
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California.
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California.
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28
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McGillivary RM, Starr DA, Luxton GWG. Building and breaking mechanical bridges between the nucleus and cytoskeleton: Regulation of LINC complex assembly and disassembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102260. [PMID: 37857179 PMCID: PMC10859145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is physically coupled to the cytoskeleton through LINC complexes, macromolecular bridges composed of SUN and KASH proteins that span the nuclear envelope. LINC complexes are involved in a wide variety of critical cellular processes. For these processes to occur, cells regulate the composition, assembly, and disassembly of LINC complexes. Here we discuss recent studies on the regulation of the SUN-KASH interaction that forms the core of the LINC complex. These new findings encompass the stages of LINC complex assembly, from the formation of SUN-KASH heterooligomers to higher-order assemblies of LINC complexes. There is also new work on how components of the LINC complex are selectively dismantled, particularly by proteasomal degradation. It is becoming increasingly clear that LINC complexes are subject to multiple layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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29
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Wu Y, Wu J, Huang X, Zhu X, Zhi W, Wang J, Sun D, Chen X, Zhu X, Zhang X. Accelerated osteogenesis of bone graft by optimizing the bone microenvironment formed by electrical signals dependent on driving micro vibration stimulation. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100891. [PMID: 38149016 PMCID: PMC10750112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The strategy of coupling the micro-vibration mechanical field with Ca/P ceramics to optimize the osteogenic microenvironment and enhance the functional activity of the cells can significantly improve the bone regeneration of the graft. However, the regulation mode and mechanism of this coupling strategy are not fully understood at present. This study investigated the influence of different waveforms of the electrical signals driving Microvibration Stimulation (MVS) on this coupling effect. The results showed that there were notable variances in calcium phosphate dissolution and redeposition, protein adsorption, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and FAK signal pathways and activation of calcium channels such as TRPV1/Piezo1/Piezo2 in osteogenic microenvironment under the coupling action of hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics and MVS driven by different electrical signal waveforms. Ultimately, these differences affected the osteogenic differentiation process of cells by a way of time-sequential regulation. Square wave-MVS coupled with HA ceramic can significantly delay the high expression time of characteristic genes (such as Runx2, Col-I and OCN) in MC3T3-E1 cells during in vitro the early, middle and late stage of differentiation, while maintain the high proliferative activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. Triangle wave signal-MVS coupled with HA ceramic promoted the osteogenic differentiation of cells in the early and late stages. Sine wave-MVS shows the effect on the process of osteogenic differentiation in the middle stage (such as the up-regulation of ALP synthesis and Col-I gene expression in the early stage of stimulation). In addition, Square wave-MVS showed the best coupling effect. The bone graft constructed under square wave-MVS formed new bone tissue and mature blood vessels only 2 weeks after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Our study provides a new non-invasive regulation model for precisely optimizing the osteogenic microenvironment, which can accelerate bone regeneration in bone grafts more safely, accurately and reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan No.30, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu, 610064, China
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30
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Wallace M, Fedorchak GR, Agrawal R, Gilbert RM, Patel J, Park S, Paszek M, Lammerding J. The lamin A/C Ig-fold undergoes cell density-dependent changes that alter epitope binding. Nucleus 2023; 14:2180206. [PMID: 36809122 PMCID: PMC9980629 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins A/C are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are involved in diverse cellular mechanical and biochemical functions. Here, we report that recognition of Lamins A/C by a commonly used antibody (JOL-2) that binds the Lamin A/C Ig-fold and other antibodies targeting similar epitopes is highly dependent on cell density, even though Lamin A/Clevels do not change. We propose that the effect is caused by partial unfolding or masking of the C'E and/or EF loops of the Ig-fold in response to cell spreading. Surprisingly, JOL-2 antibody labeling was insensitive to disruption of cytoskeletal filaments or the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Furthermore, neither nuclear stiffness nor nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission changed with cell density. These findings are important for the interpretation of immunofluorescence data for Lamin A/C and also raise the intriguing prospect that the conformational changes may play a role in Lamin A/C mediated cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R. Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M. Gilbert
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jineet Patel
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA,CONTACT Jan Lammerding Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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31
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West G, Sedighi S, Agnetti G, Taimen P. Intermediate filaments in the heart: The dynamic duo of desmin and lamins orchestrates mechanical force transmission. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102280. [PMID: 37972529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton supports cellular structural integrity, particularly in response to mechanical stress. The most abundant IF proteins in mature cardiomyocytes are desmin and lamins. The desmin network tethers the contractile apparatus and organelles to the nuclear envelope and the sarcolemma, while lamins, as components of the nuclear lamina, provide structural stability to the nucleus and the genome. Mutations in desmin or A-type lamins typically result in cardiomyopathies and recent studies emphasized the synergistic roles of desmin and lamins in the maintenance of nuclear integrity in cardiac myocytes. Here we explore the emerging roles of the interdependent relationship between desmin and lamins in providing resilience to nuclear structure while transducing extracellular mechanical cues into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun West
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sogol Sedighi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA; DIBINEM - University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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32
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Pancheri NM, Daw JT, Ditton D, Schiele NR, Birks S, Uzer G, Jones CL, Penney BT, Theodossiou SK. The LINC complex regulates Achilles tendon elastic modulus, Achilles and tail tendon collagen crimp, and Achilles and tail tendon lateral expansion during early postnatal development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566892. [PMID: 38014288 PMCID: PMC10680625 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of how mechanical signals regulate tendon development. The nucleus has emerged as a major regulator of cellular mechanosensation, via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) protein complex. Specific roles of LINC in tenogenesis have not been explored. In this study, we investigate how LINC regulates tendon development by disabling LINC-mediated mechanosensing via dominant negative (dn) expression of the Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne Homology (KASH) domain, which is necessary for LINC to function. We hypothesized that LINC regulates mechanotransduction in developing tendon, and that disabling LINC would impact tendon mechanical properties and structure in a mouse model of dnKASH. We used Achilles (AT) and tail (TT) tendons as representative energy-storing and limb-positioning tendons, respectively. Mechanical testing at postnatal day 10 showed that disabling the LINC complex via dnKASH significantly impacted tendon mechanical properties and cross-sectional area, and that effects differed between ATs and TTs. Collagen crimp distance was also impacted in dnKASH tendons, and was significantly decreased in ATs, and increased in TTs. Overall, we show that disruption to the LINC complex specifically impacts tendon mechanics and collagen crimp structure, with unique responses between an energy-storing and limb-positioning tendon. This suggests that nuclear mechanotransduction through LINC plays a role in regulating tendon formation during neonatal development.
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33
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Kechagia Z, Sáez P, Gómez-González M, Canales B, Viswanadha S, Zamarbide M, Andreu I, Koorman T, Beedle AEM, Elosegui-Artola A, Derksen PWB, Trepat X, Arroyo M, Roca-Cusachs P. The laminin-keratin link shields the nucleus from mechanical deformation and signalling. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1409-1420. [PMID: 37709930 PMCID: PMC10627833 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix dictate tissue behaviour. In epithelial tissues, laminin is a very abundant extracellular matrix component and a key supporting element. Here we show that laminin hinders the mechanoresponses of breast epithelial cells by shielding the nucleus from mechanical deformation. Coating substrates with laminin-111-unlike fibronectin or collagen I-impairs cell response to substrate rigidity and YAP nuclear localization. Blocking the laminin-specific integrin β4 increases nuclear YAP ratios in a rigidity-dependent manner without affecting the cell forces or focal adhesions. By combining mechanical perturbations and mathematical modelling, we show that β4 integrins establish a mechanical linkage between the substrate and keratin cytoskeleton, which stiffens the network and shields the nucleus from actomyosin-mediated mechanical deformation. In turn, this affects the nuclear YAP mechanoresponses, chromatin methylation and cell invasion in three dimensions. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which tissues can regulate their sensitivity to mechanical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Canales
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Srivatsava Viswanadha
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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de Freitas Nader GP, García-Arcos JM. Cell migration in dense microenvironments. C R Biol 2023; 346:89-93. [PMID: 37779383 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus has been viewed as a passenger during cell migration that functions merely to protect the genome. However, increasing evidence shows that the nucleus is an active organelle, constantly sensing the surrounding environment and translating extracellular mechanical inputs into intracellular signaling. The nuclear envelope has a large membrane reservoir which serves as a buffer for mechanical inputs as it unfolds without increasing its tension. In contrast, when cells cope with mechanical strain, such as migration through solid tumors or dense interstitial spaces, the nuclear envelope folds stretch, increasing nuclear envelope tension and sometimes causing rupture. Different degrees of nuclear envelope tension regulate cellular behaviors and functions, especially in cells that move and grow within dense matrices. The crosstalk between extracellular mechanical inputs and the cell nucleus is a critical component in the modulation of cell function of cells that navigate within packed microenvironments. Moreover, there is a link between regimes of nuclear envelope unfolding and different cellular behaviors, from orchestrated signaling cascades to cellular perturbations and damage.
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Jun M, Lee YL, Zhou T, Maric M, Burke B, Park S, Low BC, Chiam KH. Subcellular Force Imbalance in Actin Bundles Induces Nuclear Repositioning and Durotaxis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43387-43402. [PMID: 37674326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis is a phenomenon in which cells migrate toward substrates of increasing stiffness. However, how cells assimilate substrate stiffness as a directional cue remains poorly understood. In this study, we experimentally show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts can discriminate between different substrate stiffnesses and develop higher traction forces at regions of the cell adhering to the stiffer pillars. In this way, the cells generate a force imbalance between adhesion sites. It is this traction force imbalance that drives durotaxis by providing directionality for cell migration. Significantly, we found that traction forces are transmitted via LINC complexes to the cell nucleus, which serves to maintain the global force imbalance. In this way, LINC complexes play an essential role in anterograde nuclear movement and durotaxis. This conclusion is supported by the fact that LINC complex-deficient cells are incapable of durotaxis and instead migrate randomly on substrates featuring a stiffness gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjun Jun
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yin Loon Lee
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Tianxun Zhou
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Martina Maric
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- NUS college, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
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36
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Jin Q, Pandey D, Thompson CB, Lewis S, Sung HW, Nguyen TD, Kuo S, Wilson KL, Gracias DH, Romer LH. Acute downregulation of emerin alters actomyosin cytoskeleton connectivity and function. Biophys J 2023; 122:3690-3703. [PMID: 37254483 PMCID: PMC10541481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal lung fibroblasts contribute dynamic infrastructure for the developing lung. These cells undergo dynamic mechanical transitions, including cyclic stretch and spreading, which are integral to lung growth in utero. We investigated the role of the nuclear envelope protein emerin in cellular responses to these dynamic mechanical transitions. In contrast to control cells, which briskly realigned their nuclei, actin cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrices in response to cyclic stretch, fibroblasts that were acutely downregulated for emerin showed incomplete reorientation of both nuclei and actin cytoskeleton. Emerin-downregulated fibroblasts were also aberrantly circular in contrast to the spindle-shaped controls and exhibited an altered pattern of filamentous actin organization that was disconnected from the nucleus. Emerin knockdown was also associated with reduced myosin light chain phosphorylation during cell spreading. Interestingly, emerin-downregulated fibroblasts also demonstrated reduced fibronectin fibrillogenesis and production. These findings indicate that nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling serves a role in the dynamic regulation of cytoskeletal structure and function and may also impact the transmission of traction force to the extracellular matrix microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deepesh Pandey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carol B Thompson
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shawna Lewis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyun Woo Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scot Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Microscope Facility, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for MicroPhysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lewis H Romer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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37
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Rastegarpouyani H, Chase PB, Irianto J, Pinto JR. Nucleus Mechanosensing in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13341. [PMID: 37686151 PMCID: PMC10487505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is distinct from the contraction of other muscle types. The heart continuously undergoes contraction-relaxation cycles throughout an animal's lifespan. It must respond to constantly varying physical and energetic burdens over the short term on a beat-to-beat basis and relies on different mechanisms over the long term. Muscle contractility is based on actin and myosin interactions that are regulated by cytoplasmic calcium ions. Genetic variants of sarcomeric proteins can lead to the pathophysiological development of cardiac dysfunction. The sarcomere is physically connected to other cytoskeletal components. Actin filaments, microtubules and desmin proteins are responsible for these interactions. Therefore, mechanical as well as biochemical signals from sarcomeric contractions are transmitted to and sensed by other parts of the cardiomyocyte, particularly the nucleus which can respond to these stimuli. Proteins anchored to the nuclear envelope display a broad response which remodels the structure of the nucleus. In this review, we examine the central aspects of mechanotransduction in the cardiomyocyte where the transmission of mechanical signals to the nucleus can result in changes in gene expression and nucleus morphology. The correlation of nucleus sensing and dysfunction of sarcomeric proteins may assist the understanding of a wide range of functional responses in the progress of cardiomyopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Prescott Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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38
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Gao K, Gao Z, Xia M, Li H, Di J. Role of plectin and its interacting molecules in cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:280. [PMID: 37632650 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Plectin, as the cytolinker and scaffolding protein, are widely expressed and abundant in many tissues, and has involved in various cellular activities contributing to tumorigenesis, such as cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. Due to the specific expression and differential localization of plectin in cancer, most researchers focus on the role of plectin in cancer, and it has emerged as a potent driver of malignant hallmarks in many human cancers, which provides the possibility for plectin to be widely used as a biomarker and therapeutic target in the early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery of the disease. However, there is still a lack of systematic review on the interaction molecules and mechanism of plectin. Herein, we summarized the structure, expression and function of plectin, and mainly focused on recent studies on the functional and physical interactions between plectin and its interacting molecules, shedding light on the potential of targeting plectin for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyi Xia
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiehui Di
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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39
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Sharma R, Hetzer MW. Disulfide bond in SUN2 regulates dynamic remodeling of LINC complexes at the nuclear envelope. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302031. [PMID: 37188462 PMCID: PMC10193101 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex tethers the cell nucleus to the cytoskeleton to regulate mechanical forces during cell migration, differentiation, and various diseases. The function of LINC complexes relies on the interaction between highly conserved SUN and KASH proteins that form higher-order assemblies capable of load bearing. These structural details have emerged from in vitro assembled LINC complexes; however, the principles of in vivo assembly remain obscure. Here, we report a conformation-specific SUN2 antibody as a tool to visualize LINC complex dynamics in situ. Using imaging, biochemical, and cellular methods, we find that conserved cysteines in SUN2 undergo KASH-dependent inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bond rearrangements. Disruption of the SUN2 terminal disulfide bond compromises SUN2 localization, turnover, LINC complex assembly in addition to cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. Moreover, using pharmacological and genetic perturbations, we identify components of the ER lumen as SUN2 cysteines redox state regulators. Overall, we provide evidence for SUN2 disulfide bond rearrangement as a physiologically relevant structural modification that regulates LINC complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Oses C, De Rossi MC, Bruno L, Verneri P, Diaz MC, Benítez B, Guberman A, Levi V. From the membrane to the nucleus: mechanical signals and transcription regulation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:671-683. [PMID: 37681098 PMCID: PMC10480138 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces drive and modulate a wide variety of processes in eukaryotic cells including those occurring in the nucleus. Relevantly, forces are fundamental during development since they guide lineage specifications of embryonic stem cells. A sophisticated macromolecular machinery transduces mechanical stimuli received at the cell surface into a biochemical output; a key component in this mechanical communication is the cytoskeleton, a complex network of biofilaments in constant remodeling that links the cell membrane to the nuclear envelope. Recent evidence highlights that forces transmitted through the cytoskeleton directly affect the organization of chromatin and the accessibility of transcription-related molecules to their targets in the DNA. Consequently, mechanical forces can directly modulate transcription and change gene expression programs. Here, we will revise the biophysical toolbox involved in the mechanical communication with the cell nucleus and discuss how mechanical forces impact on the organization of this organelle and more specifically, on transcription. We will also discuss how live-cell fluorescence imaging is producing exquisite information to understand the mechanical response of cells and to quantify the landscape of interactions of transcription factors with chromatin in embryonic stem cells. These studies are building new biophysical insights that could be fundamental to achieve the goal of manipulating forces to guide cell differentiation in culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Bruno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo (IC), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Candelaria Diaz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Benítez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular Y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Biología Molecular Y Celular, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Nishino M, Imaizumi H, Yokoyama Y, Katahira J, Kimura H, Matsuura N, Matsumura M. Histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 regulates the Golgi complex via the nuclear envelope-spanning LINC complex. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283490. [PMID: 37437070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is related to the higher-order structure of chromatin. Stimuli that induce cell migration change chromatin organization; such stimuli include elevated histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). We previously showed that depletion of histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase, SUV39H1, suppresses directional cell migration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this association between chromatin and cell migration remains elusive. The Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle essential for cell motility. In this study, we show that loss of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 but not SETDB1 or SETDB2 causes dispersion of the Golgi apparatus throughout the cytoplasm. The Golgi dispersion triggered by SUV39H1 depletion is independent of transcription, centrosomes, and microtubule organization, but is suppressed by depletion of any of the following three proteins: LINC complex components SUN2, nesprin-2, or microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin-like protein KIF20A. In addition, SUN2 is closely localized to H3K9me3, and SUV39H1 affects the mobility of SUN2 in the nuclear envelope. Further, inhibition of cell motility caused by SUV39H1 depletion is restored by suppression of SUN2, nesprin-2, or KIF20A. In summary, these results show the functional association between chromatin organization and cell motility via the Golgi organization regulated by the LINC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Nishino
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Katahira
- Laboratories of Cellular Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Matsumura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Health Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Koushki N, Ghagre A, Srivastava LK, Molter C, Ehrlicher AJ. Nuclear compression regulates YAP spatiotemporal fluctuations in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301285120. [PMID: 37399392 PMCID: PMC10334804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301285120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mechanotransduction protein in diverse physiological and pathological processes; however, a ubiquitous YAP activity regulatory mechanism in living cells has remained elusive. Here, we show that YAP nuclear translocation is highly dynamic during cell movement and is driven by nuclear compression arising from cell contractile work. We resolve the mechanistic role of cytoskeletal contractility in nuclear compression by manipulation of nuclear mechanics. Disrupting the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex reduces nuclear compression for a given contractility and correspondingly decreases YAP localization. Conversely, decreasing nuclear stiffness via silencing of lamin A/C increases nuclear compression and YAP nuclear localization. Finally, using osmotic pressure, we demonstrated that nuclear compression even without active myosin or filamentous actin regulates YAP localization. The relationship between nuclear compression and YAP localization captures a universal mechanism for YAP regulation with broad implications in health and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newsha Koushki
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Ajinkya Ghagre
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | - Clayton Molter
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Allen J. Ehrlicher
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C3, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3G 0B1, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
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43
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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44
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Danielsson BE, George Abraham B, Mäntylä E, Cabe JI, Mayer CR, Rekonen A, Ek F, Conway DE, Ihalainen TO. Nuclear lamina strain states revealed by intermolecular force biosensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3867. [PMID: 37391402 PMCID: PMC10313699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins have been considered an important structural element of the nucleus. The nuclear lamina is thought both to shield DNA from excessive mechanical forces and to transmit mechanical forces onto the DNA. However, to date there is not yet a technical approach to directly measure mechanical forces on nuclear lamins at the protein level. To overcome this limitation, we developed a nanobody-based intermolecular tension FRET biosensor capable of measuring the mechanical strain of lamin filaments. Using this sensor, we were able to show that the nuclear lamina is subjected to significant force. These forces are dependent on nuclear volume, actomyosin contractility, functional LINC complex, chromatin condensation state, cell cycle, and EMT. Interestingly, large forces were also present on nucleoplasmic lamins, indicating that these lamins may also have an important mechanical role in the nucleus. Overall, we demonstrate that the nanobody-based approach allows construction of biosensors for complex protein structures for mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Danielsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bobin George Abraham
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jolene I Cabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Carl R Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Rekonen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frans Ek
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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45
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De Silva S, Fan Z, Kang B, Shanahan CM, Zhang Q. Nesprin-1: novel regulator of striated muscle nuclear positioning and mechanotransduction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1331-1345. [PMID: 37171063 PMCID: PMC10317153 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Giant nesprin-1 and -2 localise to the outer nuclear membrane, interact with SUN (Sad1p/UNC-84) domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear membrane to form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which, in association with lamin A/C and emerin, mechanically couples the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. Despite ubiquitous expression of nesprin giant isoforms, pathogenic mutations in nesprin-1 and -2 are associated with tissue-specific disorders, particularly related to striated muscle such as dilated cardiomyopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Recent evidence suggests this muscle-specificity might be attributable in part, to the small muscle specific isoform, nesprin-1α2, which has a novel role in striated muscle function. Our current understanding of muscle-specific functions of nesprin-1 and its isoforms will be summarised in this review to provide insight into potential pathological mechanisms of nesprin-related muscle disease and may inform potential targets of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle De Silva
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Zhijuan Fan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
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46
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Kucińska MK, Fedry J, Galli C, Morone D, Raimondi A, Soldà T, Förster F, Molinari M. TMX4-driven LINC complex disassembly and asymmetric autophagy of the nuclear envelope upon acute ER stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3497. [PMID: 37311770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle of nucleated cells that produces proteins, lipids and oligosaccharides. ER volume and activity are increased upon induction of unfolded protein responses (UPR) and are reduced upon activation of ER-phagy programs. A specialized domain of the ER, the nuclear envelope (NE), protects the cell genome with two juxtaposed lipid bilayers, the inner and outer nuclear membranes (INM and ONM) separated by the perinuclear space (PNS). Here we report that expansion of the mammalian ER upon homeostatic perturbations results in TMX4 reductase-driven disassembly of the LINC complexes connecting INM and ONM and in ONM swelling. The physiologic distance between ONM and INM is restored, upon resolution of the ER stress, by asymmetric autophagy of the NE, which involves the LC3 lipidation machinery, the autophagy receptor SEC62 and the direct capture of ONM-derived vesicles by degradative LAMP1/RAB7-positive endolysosomes in a catabolic pathway mechanistically defined as micro-ONM-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika K Kucińska
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Fedry
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmela Galli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3000, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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47
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Vidak S, Serebryannyy LA, Pegoraro G, Misteli T. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in premature aging via the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112534. [PMID: 37210724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major cellular mechanisms to ensure cellular protein homeostasis is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. This pathway is triggered by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. The ER stress response is also activated in the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Here, we explore the mechanism of activation of the ER stress response in HGPS. We find that aggregation of the diseases-causing progerin protein at the nuclear envelope triggers ER stress. Induction of ER stress is dependent on the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2 and its ability to cluster in the nuclear membrane. Our observations suggest that the presence of nucleoplasmic protein aggregates can be sensed, and signaled to the ER lumen, via clustering of SUN2. These results identify a mechanism of communication between the nucleus and the ER and provide insight into the molecular disease mechanisms of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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48
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Martino S, Carollo PS, Barra V. A Glimpse into Chromatin Organization and Nuclear Lamina Contribution in Neuronal Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051046. [PMID: 37239406 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, stem cells undergo the differentiation process so that they can specialize for different functions within the organism. Complex programs of gene transcription are crucial for this process to happen. Epigenetic modifications and the architecture of chromatin in the nucleus, through the formation of specific regions of active as well as inactive chromatin, allow the coordinated regulation of the genes for each cell fate. In this mini-review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation of three-dimensional chromatin structure during neuronal differentiation. We also focus on the role the nuclear lamina plays in neurogenesis to ensure the tethering of the chromatin to the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Martino
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvatore Carollo
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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49
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Scott AK, Rafuse M, Neu CP. Mechanically induced alterations in chromatin architecture guide the balance between cell plasticity and mechanical memory. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1084759. [PMID: 37143893 PMCID: PMC10151697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1084759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, or adaptability, of a cell determines its ability to survive and function within changing cellular environments. Changes in the mechanical environment, ranging from stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to physical stress such as tension, compression, and shear, are critical environmental cues that influence phenotypic plasticity and stability. Furthermore, an exposure to a prior mechanical signal has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in modulating phenotypic changes that persist even after the mechanical stimulus is removed, creating stable mechanical memories. In this mini review, our objective is to highlight how the mechanical environment alters both phenotypic plasticity and stable memories through changes in chromatin architecture, mainly focusing on examples in cardiac tissue. We first explore how cell phenotypic plasticity is modulated in response to changes in the mechanical environment, and then connect the changes in phenotypic plasticity to changes in chromatin architecture that reflect short-term and long-term memories. Finally, we discuss how elucidating the mechanisms behind mechanically induced chromatin architecture that lead to cell adaptations and retention of stable mechanical memories could uncover treatment methods to prevent mal-adaptive permanent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne K. Scott
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael Rafuse
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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50
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Shiraishi K, Shah PP, Morley MP, Loebel C, Santini GT, Katzen J, Basil MC, Lin SM, Planer JD, Cantu E, Jones DL, Nottingham AN, Li S, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Zhou S, Burdick JA, Jain R, Morrisey EE. Biophysical forces mediated by respiration maintain lung alveolar epithelial cell fate. Cell 2023; 186:1478-1492.e15. [PMID: 36870331 PMCID: PMC10065960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Lungs undergo mechanical strain during breathing, but how these biophysical forces affect cell fate and tissue homeostasis are unclear. We show that biophysical forces through normal respiratory motion actively maintain alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell identity and restrict these cells from reprogramming into AT2 cells in the adult lung. AT1 cell fate is maintained at homeostasis by Cdc42- and Ptk2-mediated actin remodeling and cytoskeletal strain, and inactivation of these pathways causes a rapid reprogramming into the AT2 cell fate. This plasticity induces chromatin reorganization and changes in nuclear lamina-chromatin interactions, which can discriminate AT1 and AT2 cell identity. Unloading the biophysical forces of breathing movements leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming, revealing that normal respiration is essential to maintain alveolar epithelial cell fate. These data demonstrate the integral function of mechanotransduction in maintaining lung cell fate and identifies the AT1 cell as an important mechanosensor in the alveolar niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Shiraishi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Parisha P Shah
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Garrett T Santini
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Lin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph D Planer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana N Nottingham
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shanru Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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