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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Kaludercic N, Arusei RJ, Di Lisa F. Recent advances on the role of monoamine oxidases in cardiac pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:41. [PMID: 37792081 PMCID: PMC10550854 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological roles have been attributed to the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the individual contribution of different mitochondrial processes independently of bioenergetics remains elusive and clinical treatments unavailable. A notable exception to this complexity is found in the case of monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Unlike other ROS-producing enzymes, especially within mitochondria, MAOs possess a distinct combination of defined molecular structure, substrate specificity, and clinically accessible inhibitors. Another significant aspect of MAO activity is the simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide alongside highly reactive aldehydes and ammonia. These three products synergistically impair mitochondrial function at various levels, ultimately jeopardizing cellular metabolic integrity and viability. This pathological condition arises from exacerbated MAO activity, observed in many cardiovascular diseases, thus justifying the exploration of MAO inhibitors as effective cardioprotective strategy. In this context, we not only summarize the deleterious roles of MAOs in cardiac pathologies and the positive effects resulting from genetic or pharmacological MAO inhibition, but also discuss recent findings that expand our understanding on the role of MAO in gene expression and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ruth Jepchirchir Arusei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy.
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3
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Di Sante M, Antonucci S, Pontarollo L, Cappellaro I, Segat F, Deshwal S, Greotti E, Grilo LF, Menabò R, Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N. Monoamine oxidase A-dependent ROS formation modulates human cardiomyocyte differentiation through AKT and WNT activation. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:4. [PMID: 36670288 PMCID: PMC9859871 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, cardiomyocytes undergo differentiation and maturation, processes that are tightly regulated by tissue-specific signaling cascades. Although redox signaling pathways involved in cardiomyogenesis are established, the exact sources responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation remain elusive. The present study investigates whether ROS produced by the mitochondrial flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) play a role in cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Wild type (WT) and MAO-A knock out (KO) hiPSCs were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and subjected to cardiomyocyte differentiation. Mitochondrial ROS levels were lower in MAO-A KO compared to the WT cells throughout the differentiation process. MAO-A KO hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) displayed sarcomere disarray, reduced α- to β-myosin heavy chain ratio, GATA4 upregulation and lower macroautophagy levels. Functionally, genetic ablation of MAO-A negatively affected intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in hiPSC-CMs. Mechanistically, MAO-A generated ROS contributed to the activation of AKT signaling that was considerably attenuated in KO cells. In addition, MAO-A ablation caused a reduction in WNT pathway gene expression consistent with its reported stimulation by ROS. As a result of WNT downregulation, expression of MESP1 and NKX2.5 was significantly decreased in MAO-A KO cells. Finally, MAO-A re-expression during differentiation rescued expression levels of cardiac transcription factors, contractile structure, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Taken together, these results suggest that MAO-A mediated ROS generation is necessary for the activation of AKT and WNT signaling pathways during cardiac lineage commitment and for the differentiation of fully functional human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Pontarollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cappellaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Segat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Luis F Grilo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
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4
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Bravo K, González-Ortiz M, Beltrán-Castillo S, Cáceres D, Eugenín J. Development of the Placenta and Brain Are Affected by Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Exposure During Critical Periods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:179-198. [PMID: 37466774 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually prescribed to treat major depression and anxiety disorders. Fetal brain development exhibits dependency on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from maternal, placental, and fetal brain sources. At very early fetal stages, fetal serotonin is provided by maternal and placental sources. However, in later fetal stages, brain sources are indispensable for the appropriate development of neural circuitry and the rise of emergent functions implied in behavior acquisition. Thus, susceptible serotonin-related critical periods are recognized, involving the early maternal and placental 5-HT synthesis and the later endogenous 5-HT synthesis in the fetal brain. Acute and chronic exposure to SSRIs during these critical periods may result in short- and long-term placental and brain dysfunctions affecting intrauterine and postnatal life. Maternal and fetal cells express serotonin receptors which make them susceptible to changes in serotonin levels influenced by SSRIs. SSRIs block the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is required for 5-HT reuptake from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron. Chronic SSRI administration leads to pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT receptor rearrangement. In this review, we focus on the effects of SSRIs administered during critical periods upon placentation and brain development to be considered in evaluating the risk-safety balance in the clinical use of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bravo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sebastian Beltrán-Castillo
- Centro integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
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Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Lotfi M, Aljabali AAA, Al-Zoubi MS, Panda PK, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe NB, Serrano-Aroca Á, Bahar B, Takayama K, Goyal R, Bhatia A, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Mishra Y, Negi P, Courtney A, McCarron PA, Bakshi HA, Tambuwala MM. Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:51-65. [PMID: 35249508 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220304153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Shahcheraghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ayatollahi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar S Al-Zoubi
- Yarmouk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Pritam K Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Shri Shakti Degree College, Sankhahari, Ghatampur 209206, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India
| | - Aaron Courtney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid A Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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6
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Mbiydzenyuy NE, Hemmings SMJ, Qulu L. Prenatal maternal stress and offspring aggressive behavior: Intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:977416. [PMID: 36212196 PMCID: PMC9539686 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.977416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress is associated with increased reactivity of the HPA axis, the association between prenatal maternal stress and fetal glucocorticoid exposure is complex and most likely dependent on unidentified and poorly understood variables including nature and timing of prenatal insults. The precise mechanisms in which prenatal maternal stress influence neuroendocrine signaling between the maternal-placental-fetal interface are still unclear. The aim of this review article is to bring comprehensive basic concepts about prenatal maternal stress and mechanisms of transmission of maternal stress to the fetus. This review covers recent studies showing associations between maternal stress and alterations in offspring aggressive behavior, as well as the possible pathways for the “transmission” of maternal stress to the fetus: (1) maternal-fetal HPA axis dysregulation; (2) intrauterine environment disruption due to variations in uterine artery flow; (3) epigenetic modifications of genes implicated in aggressive behavior. Here, we present evidence for the phenomenon of intergenerational and transgenerational transmission, to better understands the mechanism(s) of transmission from parent to offspring. We discuss studies showing associations between maternal stress and alterations in offspring taking note of neuroendocrine, brain architecture and epigenetic changes that may suggest risk for aggressive behavior. We highlight animal and human studies that focus on intergenerational transmission following exposure to stress from a biological mechanistic point of view, and maternal stress-induced epigenetic modifications that have potential to impact on aggressive behavior in later generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
- Division of Medical Physiology, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy,
| | - Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lihle Qulu
- Division of Medical Physiology, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Neuroprotective Function of Rasagiline and Selegiline, Inhibitors of Type B Monoamine Oxidase, and Role of Monoamine Oxidases in Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911059. [PMID: 36232361 PMCID: PMC9570229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of toxic species of α-synuclein. The common clinical features are chronic progressive decline of motor, cognitive, behavioral, and autonomic functions. They include Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, and multiple system atrophy. Their etiology has not been clarified and multiple pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation systems, and neuroinflammation. Current available therapy cannot prevent progressive neurodegeneration and “disease-modifying or neuroprotective” therapy has been proposed. This paper presents the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by the inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. They prevent mitochondrial apoptosis, induce anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors. They also prevent toxic oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein. Monoamine oxidase is involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, independently of the catalytic activity. Type A monoamine oxidases mediates rasagiline-activated signaling pathways to induce neuroprotective genes in neuronal cells. Multi-targeting propargylamine derivatives have been developed for therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have presented neuroprotection of rasagiline and selegiline, but beneficial effects have been scarcely presented. Strategy to improve clinical trials is discussed to achieve disease-modification in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-05-6173-1111 (ext. 3494); Fax: +81-561-731-142
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Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Serfilippi T, Cerqueni G, Orciani M, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. The Hidden Notes of Redox Balance in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 35892658 PMCID: PMC9331713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile molecules that, even if produced in the background of many biological processes and responses, possess pleiotropic roles categorized in two interactive yet opposite domains. In particular, ROS can either function as signaling molecules that shape physiological cell functions, or act as deleterious end products of unbalanced redox reactions. Indeed, cellular redox status needs to be tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular functioning, and either excessive ROS accumulation or the dysfunction of antioxidant systems can perturb the redox homeostasis, leading to supraphysiological concentrations of ROS and potentially harmful outcomes. Therefore, whether ROS would act as signaling molecules or as detrimental factors strictly relies on a dynamic equilibrium between free radical production and scavenging resources. Of notice, the mammalian brain is particularly vulnerable to ROS-mediated toxicity, because it possesses relatively poor antioxidant defenses to cope with the redox burden imposed by the elevated oxygen consumption rate and metabolic activity. Many features of neurodegenerative diseases can in fact be traced back to causes of oxidative stress, which may influence both the onset and progression of brain demise. This review focuses on the description of the dual roles of ROS as double-edge sword in both physiological and pathological settings, with reference to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.P.); (T.S.); (G.C.); (S.A.); (V.L.)
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9
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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Aljanabi R, Alsous L, Sabbah DA, Gul HI, Gul M, Bardaweel SK. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) as a Potential Target for Anticancer Drug Design and Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196019. [PMID: 34641563 PMCID: PMC8513016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are oxidative enzymes that catalyze the conversion of biogenic amines into their corresponding aldehydes and ketones through oxidative deamination. Owing to the crucial role of MAOs in maintaining functional levels of neurotransmitters, the implications of its distorted activity have been associated with numerous neurological diseases. Recently, an unanticipated role of MAOs in tumor progression and metastasis has been reported. The chemical inhibition of MAOs might be a valuable therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. In this review, we reported computational approaches exploited in the design and development of selective MAO inhibitors accompanied by their biological activities. Additionally, we generated a pharmacophore model for MAO-A active inhibitors to identify the structural motifs to invoke an activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Aljanabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Lina Alsous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Gul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey;
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6535-5000 (ext. 23318)
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11
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Mannan A, Singh TG, Singh V, Garg N, Kaur A, Singh M. Insights into the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Neurological Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:286-310. [PMID: 34238153 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210707120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of monoamines and other proteins. MAO's hyperactivation results in the massive generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and depression-like disorders. Although synthetic MAO inhibitors are clinically available, they are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, cheese reaction, hypertensive crisis, and so on, necessitating the investigation of alternative MAO inhibitors from a natural source with a safe profile. Herbal medications have a significant impact on the prevention of many diseases; additionally, they have fewer side effects and serve as a precursor for drug development. This review discusses the potential of herbal MAO inhibitors as well as their associated mechanism of action, with an aim to foster future research on herbal MAO inhibitors as potential treatment for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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12
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Romero-Reyes J, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Bahena-Alvarez D, López-Jiménez J, Molina-Hernández A, Camacho-Arroyo I, Díaz NF. Differential localization of serotoninergic system elements in human amniotic epithelial cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:439-448. [PMID: 34057176 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a biogenic amine involved in regulating several functions, including development. However, its impact on human embryo development has been poorly studied. The present work investigated the expression and distribution of the main components of the serotoninergic system in human amniotic tissue and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) in vitro, as an alternative model of early human embryo development. Amniotic membranes from full-term healthy pregnancies were used. Human amnion tissue or hAEC isolated from the amnion was processed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses of the main components of the serotoninergic system. We found the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase type 1 (TPH1), type 2 (TPH2), serotonin transporter (SERT), monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA), as well as HTR1D and HTR7 receptors at mRNA level in amnion tissue as well in hAEC. Interestingly, we found the presence of 5-HT in the nucleus of the cells in amnion tissue, whereas it was located in the cytoplasm of isolated hAEC. We detected TPH1, TPH2, and HTR1D receptor in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. SERT, MAOA, and HTR7 receptor were only observed in the cytoplasm. The results presented herein show, for the first time, the presence of the serotoninergic system in human amnion in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Romero-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Bahena-Alvarez
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Ciudad de México, México
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13
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Romero-Reyes J, Molina-Hernández A, Díaz NF, Camacho-Arroyo I. Role of serotonin in vertebrate embryo development. Reprod Biol 2020; 21:100475. [PMID: 33370653 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1937, serotonin (5-HT) has become one of the most studied biogenic amines due to its predominant role in regulating several physiological processes such as mood, sleep, and food intake. This amine and the main components of the serotoninergic system are in almost all cells of the body. The presence of 5-HT and the serotoninergic system has been observed in oocytes and in different embryo development stages of fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. In several classes of vertebrates, the change in the concentration of 5-HT or the alteration of the serotoninergic system, interfere with early embryo development. These data suggest that 5-HT participates in embryo development of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Romero-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico.
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Béroule DG. Paradoxical Effects of a Cytokine and an Anticonvulsant Strengthen the Epigenetic/Enzymatic Avenue for Autism Research. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:585395. [PMID: 33262691 PMCID: PMC7686807 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.585395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exposure to the valproate short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) during pregnancy is known to possibly induce autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the offspring. By contrast, case studies have evidenced positive outcomes of this anticonvulsant drug in children with severe autism. Interestingly, the same paradoxical pattern applies to the IL-17a inflammatory cytokine involved in the immune system regulation. Such joint apparent contradictions can be overcome by pointing out that, among their respective signaling pathways, valproate and IL-17a share an enhancement of the “type A monoamine oxidase” (MAOA) enzyme carried by the X chromosome. In the Guided Propagation (GP) model of autism, such enzymatic rise triggers a prenatal epigenetic downregulation, which, without possible X-inactivation, and when coinciding with genetic expression variants of other brain enzymes, results in the delayed onset of autistic symptoms. The underlying imbalance of synaptic monoamines, serotonin in the first place, would reflect a mismatch between the environment to which the brain metabolism was prepared during gestation and the postnatal actual surroundings. Following a prenatal exposure to molecules that significantly elicit the MAOA gene expression, a daily treatment with the same metabolic impact would tend to recreate the fetal environment and contribute to rebalance monoamines, thus allowing proper neural circuits to gradually develop, provided behavioral re-education. Given the multifaceted other players than MAOA that are involved in the regulation of serotonin levels, potential compensatory effects are surveyed, which may underlie the autism heterogeneity. This explanatory framework opens up prospects regarding autism prevention and treatment, strikingly in line with current advances along the gut microbiome–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Béroule
- CNRS, Bat.508, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, BP 133, Orsay, France.,CRIIGEN, Paris, France
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15
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The Relationship between DNA Methylation and Antidepressant Medications: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030826. [PMID: 32012861 PMCID: PMC7037192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with high rates of suicide and medical comorbidities. Current antidepressant medications are suboptimal, as most MDD patients fail to achieve complete remission from symptoms. At present, clinicians are unable to predict which antidepressant is most effective for a particular patient, exposing patients to multiple medication trials and side effects. Since MDD’s etiology includes interactions between genes and environment, the epigenome is of interest for predictive utility and treatment monitoring. Epigenetic mechanisms of antidepressant medications are incompletely understood. Differences in epigenetic profiles may impact treatment response. A systematic literature search yielded 24 studies reporting the interaction between antidepressants and eight genes (BDNF, MAOA, SLC6A2, SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, IL6, IL11) and whole genome methylation. Methylation of certain sites within BDNF, SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, IL11, and the whole genome was predictive of antidepressant response. Comparing DNA methylation in patients during depressive episodes, during treatment, in remission, and after antidepressant cessation would help clarify the influence of antidepressant medications on DNA methylation. Individuals’ unique methylation profiles may be used clinically for personalization of antidepressant choice in the future.
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16
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Liu Y, Feng S, Subedi K, Wang H. Attenuation of Ischemic Stroke-Caused Brain Injury by a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Involves Improved Proteostasis and Reduced Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:937-948. [PMID: 31620993 PMCID: PMC7035161 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury. We previously showed that ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin-like protein, improves proteostasis and protects brains against oxidative stress and I/R induced brain injury. We demonstrate here that nialamide (NM), a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, upregulated Ublqn1 and protected neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation- and I/R-caused cell death in in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Post-ischemic administration of the NM in a stroke mouse model even at 3 h following I/R still reduced neuronal injury and improved functional recovery and survival. Treating stroke animals with NM also increased the association of Ubqln1 with mitochondria and decreased the total oxidized and polyubiquitinated protein levels. Intriguingly, NM-enhanced proteostasis was also associated with reduced I/R-caused neuroinflammation, as reflected by attenuated activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as reduced TNF-α level. Thus, our results suggest that MAO inhibition-induced neuroprotection following I/R involves improved proteostasis and reduced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Shelley Feng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Kalpana Subedi
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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17
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Dhabal S, Das P, Biswas P, Kumari P, Yakubenko VP, Kundu S, Cathcart MK, Kundu M, Biswas K, Bhattacharjee A. Regulation of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) expression, activity, and function in IL-13-stimulated monocytes and A549 lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14040-14064. [PMID: 30021838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a mitochondrial flavoenzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation and also in many neurological disorders. MAO-A also has been reported as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling cytokine-induced MAO-A expression in immune or cancer cells remain to be identified. Here, we show that MAO-A expression is co-induced with 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in interleukin 13 (IL-13)-activated primary human monocytes and A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. We present evidence that MAO-A gene expression and activity are regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 3, and 6 (STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6), early growth response 1 (EGR1), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), the same transcription factors that control IL-13-dependent 15-LO expression. We further established that in both primary monocytes and in A549 cells, IL-13-stimulated MAO-A expression, activity, and function are directly governed by 15-LO. In contrast, IL-13-driven expression and activity of MAO-A was 15-LO-independent in U937 promonocytic cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the 15-LO-dependent transcriptional regulation of MAO-A in response to IL-13 stimulation in monocytes and in A549 cells is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) plays a crucial role in facilitating the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. We further report that the IL-13-STAT6-15-LO-PPARγ axis is critical for MAO-A expression, activity, and function, including migration and reactive oxygen species generation. Altogether, these results have major implications for the resolution of inflammation and indicate that MAO-A may promote metastatic potential in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhamoy Dhabal
- From the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Das
- From the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- From the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- From the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- the Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Suman Kundu
- the Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Martha K Cathcart
- the Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Manjari Kundu
- the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- From the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India,
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18
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Tipton KF. 90 years of monoamine oxidase: some progress and some confusion. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1519-1551. [PMID: 29637260 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It would not be practical to attempt to deal with all the advances that have informed our understanding of the behavior and functions of this enzyme over the past 90 years. This account concentrates key advances that explain why the monoamine oxidases remain of pharmacological and biochemical interest and on some areas of continuing uncertainty. Some issues that remain to be understood or are in need of further clarification are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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19
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Type A and B monoamine oxidases distinctly modulate signal transduction pathway and gene expression to regulate brain function and survival of neurons. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:1635-1650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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21
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Beltrán-Castillo S, Morgado-Valle C, Eugenín J. The Onset of the Fetal Respiratory Rhythm: An Emergent Property Triggered by Chemosensory Drive? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1015:163-192. [PMID: 29080027 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62817-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the onset of respiratory activity during fetal life are unknown. The onset of respiratory rhythm may be a consequence of the genetic program of each of the constituents of the respiratory network, so they start to interact and generate respiratory cycles when reaching a certain degree of maturation. Alternatively, generation of cycles might require the contribution of recently formed sensory inputs that will trigger oscillatory activity in the nascent respiratory neural network. If this hypothesis is true, then sensory input to the respiratory generator must be already formed and become functional before the onset of fetal respiration. In this review, we evaluate the timing of the onset of the respiratory rhythm in comparison to the appearance of receptors, neurotransmitter machinery, and afferent projections provided by two central chemoreceptive nuclei, the raphe and locus coeruleus nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Beltrán-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, PO 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Consuelo Morgado-Valle
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Campus Xalapa, Berlin 7, Fracc., Monte Magno Animas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, PO 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Dayer AG, Jacobshagen M, Chaumont-Dubel S, Marin P. 5-HT6 Receptor: A New Player Controlling the Development of Neural Circuits. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:951-60. [PMID: 25590789 DOI: 10.1021/cn500326z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that has recently emerged as a new regulator of neural development. In addition to the canonical Gs adenylyl cyclase pathway, recent proteomics approaches reveal that 5-HT6R is able to engage key developmental signaling pathways controlling neuronal circuit formation, neuronal connectivity, and psychiatric-relevant behaviors. For example, at early stages of neuronal development, expression of 5-HT6R constitutively regulates the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)5 and, through this mechanism, controls cellular processes involved in circuit formation, including neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. In addition to the Cdk5 pathway, 5-HT6R modulates a variety of key developmental targets such as Fyn, Jab1, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Engagement of developmental pathways through 5-HT6R pharmacological manipulation has led to interesting new therapeutic perspectives in the field of psychiatric-related disorders. Indeed, 5-HT6R blockade can rescue a pathological overactivation of the mTOR pathway induced by early life insults in rodents and normalizes the associated social and episodic memory deficits. Here, we review recent evidence supporting the notion that 5-HT6R is at the interface of key developmental signaling pathways and a novel actor in the orchestration of neural circuit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Universités Montpellier I & II, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Universités Montpellier I & II, 34094 Montpellier, France
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23
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Naoi M, Riederer P, Maruyama W. Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:91-106. [PMID: 25604428 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase types A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) regulate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, and their dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis and influence the clinical phenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. Reversible MAO-A inhibitors, such as moclobemide and befloxatone, are currently employed in the treatment of emotional disorders by inhibiting the enzymatic degradation of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that the irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline exert a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This effect, however, is not related to their inhibition of MAO activity; in animal and cellular models, selegiline and rasagiline protect neuronal cells through their anti-apoptotic activity and induction of pro-survival genes. There is increasing evidence that MAO-A activity, but not that of MAO-B, is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but also in gene induction by MAO-B inhibitors; on the other hand, selegiline and rasagiline increase MAO-A mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels. Taken together, these results suggest that each MAO subtype exerts effects that modulate the expression and activity of the other isoenzyme. The roles of MAO-A and -B in the CNS should therefore be re-evaluated with respect to the "type-specificity" of their inhibitors, which may not be unconditional during chronic treatment. Mao-a expression, in particular, may be implicated in pathogenesis and phenotypes in neuropsychiatric disorders. MAO-A expression is modified by mao polymorphisms affecting its transcriptional efficiency, as well as by mutations and polymorphism of parkin, Sirt1, FOXO, microRNA, presenilin-1, and other regulatory proteins. In addition, childhood maltreatment has been shown to have an impact upon adolescent social behavior in children with mao-a polymorphisms of low transcriptional activity. Low MAO-A activity may increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in disturbed neurotransmitter system development and behavior. This review discusses genetic and environmental factors involved in the regulation of MAO-A expression, in the contexts of neuropsychiatric function and of the regulation of neuronal survival and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan.
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, National Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Cognitive Brain Science, National Research Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Cathcart MK, Bhattacharjee A. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A): a signature marker of alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1. [PMID: 26052543 DOI: 10.14800/ics.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are versatile cells centrally involved in host defense and immunity. Th1 cytokines induce a classical activation program in monocytes/macrophages leading to a proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype while Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 promote monocyte differentiation into an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Although monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is primarily known for its action in the nervous system, several recent studies have identified MAO-A as a signature marker of alternative activation of monocytes/macrophages. In this brief review we explore the signaling pathways/molecules that regulate MAO-A expression in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. We further discuss the contribution of MAO-A to the resolution of inflammation and identify potential therapeutic targets for controlling inflammation. Altogether this review provides deeper insight into the role of MAO-A in alternative activation of monocytes/macrophages and their participation in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha K Cathcart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, West Bengal, India
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Wang CC, Man GCW, Chu CY, Borchert A, Ugun-Klusek A, Billett EE, Kühn H, Ufer C. Serotonin receptor 6 mediates defective brain development in monoamine oxidase A-deficient mouse embryos. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8252-63. [PMID: 24497636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) are enzymes of the outer mitochondrial membrane that metabolize biogenic amines. In the adult central nervous system, MAOs have important functions for neurotransmitter homeostasis. Expression of MAO isoforms has been detected in the developing embryo. However, suppression of MAO-B does not induce developmental alterations. In contrast, targeted inhibition and knockdown of MAO-A expression (E7.5-E10.5) caused structural abnormalities in the brain. Here we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying defective brain development induced by MAO-A knockdown during in vitro embryogenesis. The developmental alterations were paralleled by diminished apoptotic activity in the affected neuronal structures. Moreover, dysfunctional MAO-A expression led to elevated levels of embryonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)), and we found that knockdown of serotonin receptor-6 (5-Htr6) expression or pharmacologic inhibition of 5-Htr6 activity rescued the MAO-A knockdown phenotype and restored apoptotic activity in the developing brain. Our data suggest that excessive 5-Htr6 activation reduces activation of caspase-3 and -9 of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and enhances expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Moreover, we found that elevated 5-HT levels in MAO-A knockdown embryos coincided with an enhanced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and a reduction of proliferating cell numbers. In summary, our findings suggest that excessive 5-HT in MAO-A-deficient mouse embryos triggers cellular signaling cascades via 5-Htr6, which suppresses developmental apoptosis in the brain and thus induces developmental retardations.
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Distribution of monoamine oxidase proteins in human brain: implications for brain imaging studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:863-71. [PMID: 23403377 PMCID: PMC3677103 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of monoamine oxidases (MAO-A: [(11)C]harmine, [(11)C]clorgyline, and [(11)C]befloxatone; MAO-B: [(11)C]deprenyl-D2) has been actively pursued given clinical importance of MAOs in human neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is unknown how well PET outcome measures for the different radiotracers are quantitatively related to actual MAO protein levels. We measured regional distribution (n=38) and developmental/aging changes (21 hours to 99 years) of both MAOs by quantitative immunoblotting in autopsied normal human brain. MAO-A was more abundant than MAO-B in infants, which was reversed as MAO-B levels increased faster before 1 year and, unlike MAO-A, kept increasing steadily to senescence. In adults, regional protein levels of both MAOs were positively and proportionally correlated with literature postmortem data of MAO activities and binding densities. With the exception of [(11)C]befloxatone (binding potential (BP), r=0.61, P=0.15), correlations between regional PET outcome measures of binding in the literature and MAO protein levels were good (P<0.01) for [(11)C]harmine (distribution volume, r=0.86), [(11)C]clorgyline (λk3, r=0.82), and [(11)C]deprenyl-D2 (λk3 or modified Patlak slope, r=0.78 to 0.87), supporting validity of the latter imaging measures. However, compared with in vitro data, the latter PET measures underestimated regional contrast by ∼2-fold. Further studies are needed to address cause of the in vivo vs. in vitro nonproportionality.
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Wang CC, Billett E, Borchert A, Kuhn H, Ufer C. Monoamine oxidases in development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:599-630. [PMID: 22782111 PMCID: PMC11113580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavoproteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. In mammals there are two isoforms (MAO-A and MAO-B) that can be distinguished on the basis of their substrate specificity and their sensitivity towards specific inhibitors. Both isoforms are expressed in most tissues, but their expression in the central nervous system and their ability to metabolize monoaminergic neurotransmitters have focused MAO research on the functionality of the mature brain. MAO activities have been related to neurodegenerative diseases as well as to neurological and psychiatric disorders. More recently evidence has been accumulating indicating that MAO isoforms are expressed not only in adult mammals, but also before birth, and that defective MAO expression induces developmental abnormalities in particular of the brain. This review is aimed at summarizing and critically evaluating the new findings on the developmental functions of MAO isoforms during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ellen Billett
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Bhattacharjee A, Shukla M, Yakubenko VP, Mulya A, Kundu S, Cathcart MK. IL-4 and IL-13 employ discrete signaling pathways for target gene expression in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 54:1-16. [PMID: 23124025 PMCID: PMC3534796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation. In the presence of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), they display an anti-inflammatory profile and this activation pathway is known as alternative activation. In this study we compare and differentiate pathways mediated by IL-4 and IL-13 activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Here we report differential regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling in monocytes/macrophages starting from IL-4/IL-13 cytokine receptors to Jak/Stat-mediated signaling pathways that ultimately control expression of several inflammatory genes. Our data demonstrate that although the receptor-associated tyrosine kinases Jak2 and Tyk2 are activated after the recruitment of IL-13 to its receptor (containing IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1), IL-4 stimulates Jak1 activation. We further show that Jak2 is upstream of Stat3 activation and Tyk2 controls Stat1 and Stat6 activation in response to IL-13 stimulation. In contrast, Jak1 regulates Stat3 and Stat6 activation in IL-4-induced monocytes. Our results further reveal that although IL-13 utilizes both IL-4Rα/Jak2/Stat3 and IL-13Rα1/Tyk2/Stat1/Stat6 signaling pathways, IL-4 can use only the IL-4Rα/Jak1/Stat3/Stat6 cascade to regulate the expression of some critical inflammatory genes, including 15-lipoxygenase, monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), and the scavenger receptor CD36. Moreover, we demonstrate here that IL-13 and IL-4 can uniquely affect the expression of particular genes such as dual-specificity phosphatase 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-3 and do so through different Jaks. As evidence of differential regulation of gene function by IL-4 and IL-13, we further report that MAO-A-mediated reactive oxygen species generation is influenced by different Jaks. Collectively, these results have major implications for understanding the mechanism and function of alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages by IL-4 and IL-13 and add novel insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Valentin P. Yakubenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Anny Mulya
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Martha K. Cathcart
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Tang LY, Li L, Borchert A, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wang CC. Molecular studies of the congenital malformation induced by Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome, the most commonly used Chinese medicine for threatened miscarriage. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 18:585-92. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lorenzi V, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND, Schlenk D. Effects of exposure to the β-blocker propranolol on the reproductive behavior and gene expression of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 116-117:8-15. [PMID: 22465857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Human pharmaceutical drugs have been found in surface waters worldwide, and represent an increasing concern since little is known about their possible effects on wildlife. Propranolol is a common beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blocker) typically prescribed to people suffering from heart disease and hypertension. Propranolol has been detected in United States wastewater effluents at concentrations ranging from 0.026 to 1.90 μg/l. In mammals, there is evidence that β-blockers can cause sexual dysfunction, and alter serotonergic pathways which may impact reproductive behavior but little is known about the effects on fish behavior. The present study tested the effects of propranolol on fecundity, on brain gene expression and on reproductive behavior of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, a fish that exhibits male parental care. Sexually mature fathead minnows were housed at a ratio of one male and two females per tank and exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/l for 21 days. Measured concentrations (±SD) of propranolol were 0.003±0.004, 0.05±0.02, 0.88±0.34 and 4.11±1.19 μg/l. There were no statistically significant differences in fecundity, fertilization rate, hatchability and time to hatch. Propranolol exposure was not associated with a change in nest rubbing behavior, time spent in the nest or approaching the females. There was a significant difference in the number of visits to the nest with males receiving low and medium propranolol treatments. The microarray analysis showed that there were 335 genes up-regulated and 400 genes down-regulated in the brain after exposure to the highest dose of propranolol. Among those genes, myoglobin and calsequestrin transcripts (fold change=10.84 and 5.49, respectively) were highly up-regulated. Ontological analyses indicated changes in genes involved in calcium ion transport, transcription, proteolysis and apoptosis/anti-apoptosis. Pathway analysis indicated that the reduced expression of caspases may lead to impaired neurite outgrowth, neurotransmitter secretion and brain function in developing organisms. The results showed that exposure to propranolol at concentrations as high as 4.11 μg/l did not significantly impact reproductive behavior or spawning abilities of fathead minnow but did alter the regulation of genes within the brain of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varenka Lorenzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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