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Dracheva KV, Pobozheva IA, Anisimova KA, Panteleeva AA, Garaeva LA, Balandov SG, Hamid ZM, Vasilevsky DI, Pchelina SN, Miroshnikova VV. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Adipose Tissue during Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Influence Reverse Cholesterol Transport-Related Gene Expression in Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6457. [PMID: 38928163 PMCID: PMC11204239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipose tissue (AT) extracellular vesicles (EVs) could play a role in obesity and T2DM associated CVD progression via the influence of their specific cargo on gene expression in recipient cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of AT EVs of patients with obesity with/without T2DM on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from healthy donors. AT EVs were obtained after ex vivo cultivation of visceral and subcutaneous AT (VAT and SAT, respectively). ABCA1, ABCG1, PPARG, LXRβ (NR1H2), and LXRα (NR1H3) mRNA levels in MDMs as well as in origine AT were determined by a real-time PCR. T2DM VAT and SAT EVs induced ABCG1 gene expression whereas LXRα and PPARG mRNA levels were simultaneously downregulated. PPARG mRNA levels also decreased in the presence of VAT EVs of obese patients without T2DM. In contrast ABCA1 and LXRβ mRNA levels tended to increase with the addition of obese AT EVs. Thus, AT EVs can influence RCT gene expression in MDMs during obesity, and the effects are dependent on T2DM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia V. Dracheva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
- Department of Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Pobozheva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
- Department of Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina A. Anisimova
- Center for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.A.); (S.G.B.); (Z.M.H.); (D.I.V.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Panteleeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
- Department of Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Luiza A. Garaeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
| | - Stanislav G. Balandov
- Center for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.A.); (S.G.B.); (Z.M.H.); (D.I.V.)
| | - Zarina M. Hamid
- Center for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.A.); (S.G.B.); (Z.M.H.); (D.I.V.)
| | - Dmitriy I. Vasilevsky
- Center for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.A.); (S.G.B.); (Z.M.H.); (D.I.V.)
| | - Sofya N. Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
- Department of Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina V. Miroshnikova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.D.); (I.A.P.); (A.A.P.); (L.A.G.); (S.N.P.)
- Department of Molecular-Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St.-Petersburg, Russia
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Xu Y, Lin L, Zheng H, Xu S, Hong X, Cai T, Xu J, Zhang W, Mai Y, Li J, Huang B, Liu Z, Guo S. Protective effect of Amauroderma rugosum ethanol extract and its primary bioactive compound, ergosterol, against acute gastric ulcers based on LXR-mediated gastric mucus secretions. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155236. [PMID: 38016383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend (Ganodermataceae) is an edible mushroom with a wide range of medicinal values. Our previous publication demonstrated the therapeutic effects of the water extract of A. rugosum (WEA) against gastric ulcers. However, the protective effects of the ethanol extract of A. rugosum (EEA) on gastric mucosa and its major active constituents have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of EEA and its fat-soluble constituent, ergosterol, in acute gastric ulcers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD SD rats were pre-treated with EEA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) or ergosterol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and acute gastric ulcer models were constructed using ethanol, gastric mucus secretion inhibitor (indomethacin) or pyloric-ligation. The gastric ulcer area, histological structure alterations (H&E staining), and mucus secretion (AB-PAS staining) were recorded. Additionally, Q-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, MM-GBSA analysis, and surface plasmon resonance assay (SPR) were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the gastroprotective effect. RESULT Compared with WEA, which primarily exerts its anti-ulcer effects by inhibiting inflammation, EEA containing fat-soluble molecules showed more potent gastroprotective effect through the promotion of gastric mucus secretion, as the anti-ulcer activity was partly blocked by indomethacin. Meanwhile, EEA exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO, thereby inhibiting the MAPK pathway. Significantly, ergosterol (20 mg/kg), the bioactive water-insoluble compound in EEA, exhibited a gastroprotective effect comparable to that of lansoprazole (30 mg/kg). The promotion of gastric mucus secretion contributed to the effects of ergosterol, as indomethacin can completely block it. The upregulations of COX1-PGE2 and C-fos, an activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor, were observed after the ergosterol treatment. Ergosterol acted as an LXRβ agonist via van der Waals binding and stabilizing the LXRβ protein without compromising its flexibility, thereby inducing the upregulation of AP-1 and COX-1. CONCLUSION EEA and its primary bioactive compound, ergosterol, exert anti-ulcer effects by promoting gastric mucus secretion through the LXRβ/C-fos/COX-1/PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Linsun Lin
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou 516025, China
| | - Huantian Zheng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xinxin Hong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Jianqu Xu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yanzhen Mai
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou 516025, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Shaoju Guo
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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C3aR in astrocytes mediates post-thoracotomy pain by inducing A1 astrocytes in male rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166672. [PMID: 36871753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocyte activation, which is polarized into classical neurotoxic A1, neuroprotective A2, A-pan, etc., is thought to be involved in the transition from acute to chronic post-thoracotomy pain. The C3aR receptor associated with astrocyte-neuron and -microglia interactions is necessary for A1 astrocytes polarization. This study aimed to determine whether C3aR in astrocytes mediates post-thoracotomy pain by inducing A1 expression in a rat thoracotomy pain model. METHODS A rat thoracotomy pain model was employed. The mechanical withdraw threshold was measured to evaluate pain behavior. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally to induce A1. Intrathecal injection of AAV2/9-rC3ar1 shRNA-GFAP was used to knock down in vivo C3aR expression in astrocytes. The expression of associated phenotypic markers before and after intervention was assessed by RT-PCR, western blot, co-immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS C3aR downregulation was found to inhibit LPS-induced A1 astrocytes activation, decrease the expression of C3aR, C3, and GFAP, which were activated from acute to chronic pain, and alleviate the mechanical withdrawal threshold and chronic pain incidence. In addition, more A2 astrocytes were activated in the model group that did not develop chronic pain. C3aR downregulation increased the number of A2 astrocytes upon LPS exposure. Knockdown of C3aR also decreased the activation of M1 microglia induced by LPS or thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that C3aR-induced A1 polarization contributes to chronic post-thoracotomy pain. Inhibition of A1 activation via C3aR downregulation increases anti-inflammatory A2 and decreases pro-inflammatory M1 activation, which may also be involved in the mechanism of chronic post-thoracotomy pain.
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Shavva VS, Babina AV, Nekrasova EV, Lisunov AV, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Orlov SV. Insulin Downregulates the Expression of ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A-I in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2 in a FOXO1 and LXR Dependent Manner. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:151-160. [PMID: 36251137 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A-I (ABCA1) is an ubiquitously expressed protein whose main function is the transmembrane transport of cholesterol and phospholipids. Synthesis of ABCA1 protein in liver is necessary for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation in mammals. Thus, the mechanism of ABCA1 gene expression regulation in hepatocytes are of critical importance. Recently, we have found the insulin-dependent downregulation of other key player in the HDL formation-apolipoprotein A-I gene (J. Cell. Biochem., 2017, 118:382-396). Nothing is known about the role of insulin in the regulation of ABCA1 gene. Here we show for the first time that insulin decreases the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. PI3K, p38, MEK1/2, JNK and mTORC1 signaling pathways are involved in the insulin-mediated downregulation of human ABCA1 gene. Transcription factors LXRα, LXRβ, FOXO1 and NF-κB are important contributors to this process, while FOXA2 does not regulate ABCA1 gene expression. Insulin causes the decrease in FOXO1, LXRα and LXRβ binding to ABCA1 promoter, which is likely the cause of the decrease in the gene expression. Interestingly, the murine ABCA1 gene seems to be not regulated by insulin in hepatocytes (in vitro and in vivo). We suggest that the reason for this discrepancy is the difference in the 5'-regulatory regions of human and murine ABCA1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Babina
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Nekrasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V Lisunov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ella B Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina N Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Phair IR, Nisr RB, Howden AJM, Sovakova M, Alqurashi N, Foretz M, Lamont D, Viollet B, Rena G. AMPK integrates metabolite and kinase-based immunometabolic control in macrophages. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101661. [PMID: 36586434 PMCID: PMC9842865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous mechanistic studies on immunometabolism have focused on metabolite-based paradigms of regulation, such as itaconate. Here, we, demonstrate integration of metabolite and kinase-based immunometabolic control by AMP kinase. METHODS We combined whole cell quantitative proteomics with gene knockout of AMPKα1. RESULTS Comparing macrophages with AMPKα1 catalytic subunit deletion with wild-type, inflammatory markers are largely unchanged in unstimulated cells, but with an LPS stimulus, AMPKα1 knockout leads to a striking M1 hyperpolarisation. Deletion of AMPKα1 also resulted in increased expression of rate-limiting enzymes involved in itaconate synthesis, metabolism of glucose, arginine, prostaglandins and cholesterol. Consistent with this, we observed functional changes in prostaglandin synthesis and arginine metabolism. Selective AMPKα1 activation also unlocks additional regulation of IL-6 and IL-12 in M1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results validate AMPK as a pivotal immunometabolic regulator in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Phair
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Raid B Nisr
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Magdalena Sovakova
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Noor Alqurashi
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Douglas Lamont
- Centre for Advanced Scientific Technologies, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Graham Rena
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Preeclampsia and Obesity-The Preventive Role of Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1267. [PMID: 36674022 PMCID: PMC9859423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic. An inadequate diet and reduced physical activity are acknowledged as the leading causes of excess body weight. Despite growing evidence that obesity is a risk factor for unsuccessful pregnancies, almost half of all women who become pregnant today are overweight or obese. Common complications of pregnancy in this group of women are preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are also observed more frequently in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy complications with an unpredictable course, which in its most severe forms, threatens the life and health of the mother and her baby. The early identification of the risk factors for preeclampsia development, including obesity, allows for the implementation of prophylaxis and a reduction in maternal and fetal complications risk. Additionally, preeclampsia and obesity are the recognized risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease in later life, so prophylaxis and treating obesity are paramount for their prevention. Thus, a proper diet and physical activity might play an essential role in the prophylaxis of preeclampsia in this group of women. Limiting weight gain during pregnancy and modifying the metabolic risk factors with regular physical exercise creates favorable metabolic conditions for pregnancy development and benefits the elements of the pathogenetic sequence for preeclampsia development. In addition, it is inexpensive, readily available and, in the absence of contraindications to its performance, safe for the mother and fetus. However, for this form of prevention to be effective, it should be applied early in pregnancy and, for overweight and obese women, proposed as an essential part of planning pregnancy. This paper aims to present the mechanisms of the development of hypertension in pregnancy in obese women and the importance of exercise in its prevention.
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Tanyanskiy DA, Shavva VS, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Lizunov AV, Nekrasova EV, Mogilenko DA, Larionova EE, Orlov SV, Denisenko AD. Adiponectin Stimulates Apolipoprotein A-1 Gene Expression in HepG2 Cells via AMPK, PPARα, and LXRs Signaling Mechanisms. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1252-1259. [PMID: 36509728 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose tissue hormone, participating in energy metabolism and involved in atherogenesis. Previously, it was found that adiponectin increases expression of the APOA1 (apolipoprotein A-1) gene in hepatocytes, but the mechanisms of this effect remained unexplored. Our aim was to investigate the role of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1/R2, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and liver X receptors (LXRs) in mediating the action of adiponectin on hepatic APOA1 expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The level of APOA1 expression was determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA. We showed that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of genes coding for AdipoR1, AdipoR2, AMPK, PPARα, and LXRα and β prevented adiponectin-induced APOA1 expression in HepG2 cells and demonstrated that interaction of PPARα and LXRs with the APOA1 gene hepatic enhancer is important for the adiponectin-dependent APOA1 transcription. The results of this study point out to the involvement of both types of adiponectin receptors, AMPK, PPARα, and LXRs in the adiponectin-dependent upregulation of the APOA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Tanyanskiy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia. .,Department of Fundamental Problems of Medicine and Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Ella B Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Galina N Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Alexey V Lizunov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Nekrasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Larionova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander D Denisenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Department of Fundamental Problems of Medicine and Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Michelotti TC, Kisby BR, Flores LS, Tegeler AP, Fokar M, Crasto C, Menarim BC, Loux SC, Strieder-Barboza C. Single-nuclei analysis reveals depot-specific transcriptional heterogeneity and depot-specific cell types in adipose tissue of dairy cows. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1025240. [PMID: 36313560 PMCID: PMC9616121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1025240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ with a central role on whole-body energy metabolism and development of metabolic diseases. Single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, respectively) analyses in mice and human AT have revealed vast cell heterogeneity and functionally distinct subtypes that are potential therapeutic targets to metabolic disease. In periparturient dairy cows, AT goes through intensive remodeling and its dysfunction is associated with metabolic disease pathogenesis and decreased productive performance. The contributions of depot-specific cells and subtypes to the development of diseases in dairy cows remain to be studied. Our objective was to elucidate differences in cellular diversity of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) AT in dairy cows at the single-nuclei level. We collected matched SAT and VAT samples from three dairy cows and performed snRNA-seq analysis. We identified distinct cell types including four major mature adipocytes (AD) and three stem and progenitor cells (ASPC) subtypes, along with endothelial cells (EC), mesothelial cells (ME), immune cells, and pericytes and smooth muscle cells. All major cell types were present in both SAT and VAT, although a strong VAT-specificity was observed for ME, which were basically absent in SAT. One ASPC subtype was defined as adipogenic (PPARG+) while the other two had a fibro-adipogenic profile (PDGFRA+). We identified vascular and lymphatic EC subtypes, and different immune cell types and subtypes in both SAT and VAT, i.e., macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and natural killer cells. Not only did VAT show a greater proportion of immune cells, but these visceral immune cells had greater activation of pathways related to immune and inflammatory response, and complement cascade in comparison with SAT. There was a substantial contrast between depots for gene expression of complement cascade, which were greatly expressed by VAT cell subtypes compared to SAT, indicating a pro-inflammatory profile in VAT. Unprecedently, our study demonstrated cell-type and depot-specific heterogeneity in VAT and SAT of dairy cows. A better understanding of depot-specific molecular and cellular features of SAT and VAT will aid in the development of AT-targeted strategies to prevent and treat metabolic disease in dairy cows, especially during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainara C. Michelotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brent R. Kisby
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lauryn S. Flores
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Alexandra P. Tegeler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed Fokar
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Chiquito Crasto
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of University Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Bruno C. Menarim
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shavahn C. Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Clarissa Strieder-Barboza,
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Alic L, Binder CJ, Papac-Milicevic N. The OSE complotype and its clinical potential. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010893. [PMID: 36248824 PMCID: PMC9561429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular death, aging, and tissue damage trigger inflammation that leads to enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids present on cellular membranes and lipoproteins. This results in the generation of highly reactive degradation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), that covalently modify free amino groups of proteins and lipids in their vicinity. These newly generated neoepitopes represent a unique set of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) associated with oxidative stress termed oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs). OSEs are enriched on oxidized lipoproteins, microvesicles, and dying cells, and can trigger sterile inflammation. Therefore, prompt recognition and removal of OSEs is required to maintain the homeostatic balance. This is partially achieved by various humoral components of the innate immune system, such as natural IgM antibodies, pentraxins and complement components that not only bind OSEs but in some cases modulate their pro-inflammatory potential. Natural IgM antibodies are potent complement activators, and 30% of them recognize OSEs such as oxidized phosphocholine (OxPC-), 4-HNE-, and MDA-epitopes. Furthermore, OxPC-epitopes can bind the complement-activating pentraxin C-reactive protein, while MDA-epitopes are bound by C1q, C3a, complement factor H (CFH), and complement factor H-related proteins 1, 3, 5 (FHR-1, FHR-3, FHR-5). In addition, CFH and FHR-3 are recruited to 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP), and full-length CFH also possesses the ability to attenuate 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress. Consequently, alterations in the innate humoral defense against OSEs predispose to the development of diseases associated with oxidative stress, as shown for the prototypical OSE, MDA-epitopes. In this mini-review, we focus on the mechanisms of the accumulation of OSEs, the pathophysiological consequences, and the interactions between different OSEs and complement components. Additionally, we will discuss the clinical potential of genetic variants in OSE-recognizing complement proteins – the OSE complotype - in the risk estimation of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Alic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolina Papac-Milicevic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Nikolina Papac-Milicevic,
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Lorey MB, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Modified Lipoproteins Induce Arterial Wall Inflammation During Atherogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:841545. [PMID: 35310965 PMCID: PMC8927694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.841545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably the low-density lipoproteins, enter the inner layer of the arterial wall, the intima, where a fraction of them is retained and modified by proteases, lipases, and oxidizing agents and enzymes. The modified lipoproteins and various modification products, such as fatty acids, ceramides, lysophospholipids, and oxidized lipids induce inflammatory reactions in the macrophages and the covering endothelial cells, initiating an increased leukocyte diapedesis. Lipolysis of the lipoproteins also induces the formation of cholesterol crystals with strong proinflammatory properties. Modified and aggregated lipoproteins, cholesterol crystals, and lipoproteins isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions, all can activate macrophages and thereby induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. The extent of lipoprotein retention, modification, and aggregation have been shown to depend largely on differences in the composition of the circulating lipoprotein particles. These properties can be modified by pharmacological means, and thereby provide opportunities for clinical interventions regarding the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B. Lorey
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Katariina Öörni
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Mogilenko DA, Danko K, Larionova EE, Shavva VS, Kudriavtsev IV, Nekrasova EV, Burnusuz AV, Gorbunov NP, Trofimov AV, Zhakhov AV, Ivanov IA, Orlov SV. Differentiation of human macrophages with anaphylatoxin C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization and decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine secretion. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:186-204. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Katerina Danko
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Igor V Kudriavtsev
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Alexandra V Burnusuz
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Cytology and Histology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Immunology Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Nikolay P Gorbunov
- The Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Experimental Medicine St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
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Qian Y, Xia L, Wei L, Jiang W. Artesunate attenuates foam cell formation by enhancing cholesterol efflux. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1379. [PMID: 34733931 PMCID: PMC8506543 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases and the second leading cause of death in elderly people. The formation of intimal macrophage-derived foam cells is a major feature of early atherosclerotic lesions. Little is known about the effects of artesunate (ART) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Methods Oil red O staining was employed to detect foam cell formation; colorimetric analysis was employed for cholesterol measurement; quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were employed to assess messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were used to observe interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release; and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to examine cell viability. Results It was revealed that ART attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation from THP-1-derived macrophages by decreasing cholesterol accumulation, and the effect might have occurred via enhanced cholesterol efflux. Additionally, ART decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) expression, and reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusions This study showed that ART attenuated the ox-LDL-induced formation of foam cells from THP-1-derived macrophages by increasing ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression via inhibiting TLR4 expression and reducing TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from macrophages induced by ox-LDL, which ultimately decreased the accumulation of cholesterol. It is worthwhile further investigate ART as a potential drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Liver Disease, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Ror2 mediates chronic post-thoracotomy pain by inducing the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in rats. Cell Signal 2021; 89:110183. [PMID: 34728368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ror2 plays an important role in neuronal development, neuronal plasticity, and neuropathic pain. In our previous pilot study, we found that Ror2 and GFAP (a marker of astrocytes) protein levels increased in thoracic dorsal root ganglia from postoperative day (POD) 7 to POD 21 in rats with chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). In the present study, we aimed to further explore the roles of Ror2 and activated astrocytes during CPTP development. Ror2, c-JUN, and C3aR levels increased and the activated astrocytes were mainly expressed as the A1 phenotype in the spinal cord dorsal horn of the rats with CPTP. The knockdown of Ror2 in the spinal cord astrocytes alleviated thoracotomy-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia as well as reverted the A1/A2 ratio of the reactive astrocytes, downregulating the expression of c-JUN and C3aR in rats with CPTP. These results suggest that Ror2 in the spinal cord astrocytes mediates the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via regulating the expressions of the c-JUN and C3aR in CPTP. Furthermore, the suppression of Ror2 could be utilized as a new strategy to help prevent CPTP.
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Tanyanskiy DA, Trulioff AS, Ageeva EV, Nikitin AA, Shavva VS, Orlov SV. The Influence of Adiponectin on Production of Apolipoproteins A-1 and E by Human Macrophages. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Rusanov AL, Kozhin PM, Tikhonova OV, Zgoda VG, Loginov DS, Chlastáková A, Selinger M, Sterba J, Grubhoffer L, Luzgina NG. Proteome Profiling of PMJ2-R and Primary Peritoneal Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6323. [PMID: 34204832 PMCID: PMC8231560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are often used for studying macrophage functions, including the process of phagocytosis. The application of primary macrophages has limitations associated with the individual characteristics of animals, which can lead to insufficient standardization and higher variability of the obtained results. Immortalized cell lines do not have these disadvantages, but their responses to various signals can differ from those of the living organism. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis of immortalized PMJ2-R cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice was performed. A total of 4005 proteins were identified, of which 797 were quantified. Obtained results indicate significant differences in the abundances of many proteins, including essential proteins associated with the process of phagocytosis, such as Elmo1, Gsn, Hspa8, Itgb1, Ncf2, Rac2, Rack1, Sirpa, Sod1, C3, and Msr1. These findings indicate that outcomes of studies utilizing PMJ2-R cells as a model of peritoneal macrophages should be carefully validated. All MS data are deposited in ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD022133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Rusanov
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Peter M. Kozhin
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Olga V. Tikhonova
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Dmitry S. Loginov
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- BioCeV—Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Chlastáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Martin Selinger
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Libor Grubhoffer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya G. Luzgina
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
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C3 and alternative pathway components are associated with an adverse lipoprotein subclass profile: The CODAM study. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:311-319. [PMID: 33612457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma lipoproteins contain heterogeneous subclasses. Previous studies on the associations of the complement system with lipids and lipoproteins are mainly limited to the major lipid classes, and associations of complement with lipoprotein subclass characteristics remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of C3 and other components of the alternative complement pathway with plasma lipoprotein subclass profile. METHODS Plasma complement concentrations (complement component 3 [C3], properdin, factor H, factor D, MASP-3, C3a, Bb), and lipoprotein subclass profile (as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were obtained in 523 participants (59.6 ± 6.9 years, 60.8% men) of the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations of C3 (primary determinant) and other alternative pathway components (secondary determinants) with characteristics (particle concentration and size [main outcomes], and lipid contents [secondary outcomes]) of 14 lipoprotein subclasses, ranging from extremely large VLDL to small HDL (all standardized [std] values). RESULTS Participants with higher C3 concentrations had more circulating VLDL (stdβs ranging from 0.27 to 0.36), IDL and LDL (stdβs ranging from 0.14 to 0.17), and small HDL (stdβ = 0.21). In contrast, they had fewer very large and large HDL particles (stdβs = -0.36). In persons with higher C3 concentrations, all lipoprotein subclasses were enriched in triglycerides. Similar but weaker associations were observed for properdin, factor H, factor D, and MASP-3, but not for C3a and Bb. CONCLUSIONS The alternative complement pathway, and most prominently C3, is associated with an adverse lipoprotein subclass profile that is characterized by more triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins but fewer large HDL.
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Shim K, Begum R, Yang C, Wang H. Complement activation in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 31938469 PMCID: PMC6927818 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplified inflammatory reaction has been observed to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The complement system was originally viewed as a supportive first line of defense against microbial invaders, and research over the past decade has come to appreciate that the functions of the complement system extend beyond the defense and elimination of microbes, involving in such diverse processes as clearance of the immune complexes, complementing T and B cell immune functions, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. The focus of this review is to summarize the role of the activation of complement system and the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In addition, we briefly describe the interaction of the activation of the complement system with diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, highlighting that targeting complement system therapeutics could be one of possible routes to slow down those aforementioned diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyumin Shim
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Rayhana Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Yang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
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Mogilenko DA, Shavva VS, Dizhe EB, Orlov SV. Characterization of Distal and Proximal Alternative Promoters of the Human ApoA-I Gene. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Bogomolova AM, Shavva VS, Nikitin AA, Nekrasova EV, Dizhe EB, Larionova EE, Kudriavtsev IV, Orlov SV. Hypoxia as a Factor Involved in the Regulation of the apoA-1, ABCA1, and Complement C3 Gene Expression in Human Macrophages. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:529-539. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Itaba N, Noda I, Oka H, Kono Y, Okinaka K, Yokobata T, Okazaki S, Morimoto M, Shiota G. Hepatic cell sheets engineered from human mesenchymal stem cells with a single small molecule compound IC-2 ameliorate acute liver injury in mice. Regen Ther 2018; 9:45-57. [PMID: 30525075 PMCID: PMC6222293 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that transplantation of hepatic cell sheets from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with hexachlorophene, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, ameliorated acute liver injury. In a further previous report, we identified IC-2, a newly synthesized derivative of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor ICG-001, as a potent inducer of hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs. METHODS We manufactured hepatic cell sheets by engineering from human BM-MSCs using the single small molecule IC-2. The therapeutic potential of IC-2-induced hepatic cell sheets was assessed by transplantation of IC-2- and hexachlorophene-treated hepatic cell sheets using a mouse model of acute liver injury. RESULTS Significant improvement of liver injury was elicited by the IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The expression of complement C3 was enhanced by IC-2, followed by prominent hepatocyte proliferation stimulated through the activation of NF-κB and its downstream molecule STAT-3. Indeed, IC-2 also enhanced the expression of amphiregulin, resulting in the activation of the EGFR pathway and further stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation. As another important therapeutic mechanism, we revealed prominent reduction of oxidative stress mediated through upregulation of the thioredoxin (TRX) system by IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The effects mediated by IC-2-treated sheets were superior compared with those mediated by hexachlorophene-treated sheets. CONCLUSION The single compound IC-2 induced hepatic cell sheets that possess potent regeneration capacity and ameliorate acute liver injury.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- A1AT, α1-antitrypsin
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- AREG, amphiregulin
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute liver failure
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- C3, complement C3
- C4A, complement C4A
- C5aR, complement C5a receptor
- CBP, CREB-binding protein
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CP, ceruloplasmin
- ChREBP, Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
- ChoREs, carbohydrate response elements
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GRX, glutaredoxin
- GSH, glutathione
- HB-EGF, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
- HGFR, hepatocyte growth factor receptor
- Hepatic cell sheets
- IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- LXR, liver X receptor
- Liver regeneration
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PRX, peroxiredoxin
- RBP4, retinol binding protein 4
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT-3, Signal Tranducer and Activator of Transcription 3
- TF, transferrin
- TGFα, transforming growth factor alpha
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TRX, thioredoxin
- TRXR, thioredoxin reductase
- Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitor
- hGAPDH, human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- mActb, mouse actin, beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Itaba
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ikuya Noda
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Okinaka
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokobata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shizuma Okazaki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Shavva VS, Bogomolova AM, Efremov AM, Trofimov AN, Nikitin AA, Babina AV, Nekrasova EV, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Missyul BV, Orlov SV. Insulin downregulates C3 gene expression in human HepG2 cells through activation of PPARγ. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:204-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates endogenous apolipoprotein A-I expression and secretion by human monocytes and macrophages: role of MAP-kinases, NF-κB, and nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRs. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:211-223. [PMID: 29442267 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main structural and functional protein component of high-density lipoprotein. ApoA-I has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in macrophages. Recently, we found the moderate expression of endogenous apoA-I in human monocytes and macrophages and showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) increases apoA-I mRNA and stimulates ApoA-I protein secretion by human monocytes and macrophages. Here, we present data about molecular mechanisms responsible for the TNFα-mediated activation of apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages. This activation depends on JNK and MEK1/2 signaling pathways in human monocytes, whereas inhibition of NFκB, JNK, or p38 blocks an increase of apoA-I gene expression in the macrophages treated with TNFα. Nuclear receptor PPARα is a ligand-dependent regulator of apoA-I gene, whereas LXRs stimulate apoA-I mRNA transcription and ApoA-I protein synthesis and secretion by macrophages. Treatment of human macrophages with PPARα or LXR synthetic ligands as well as knock-down of LXRα, and LXRβ by siRNAs interfered with the TNFα-mediated activation of apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages. At the same time, TNFα differently regulated the levels of PPARα, LXRα, and LXRβ binding to the apoA-I gene promoter in THP-1 cells. Obtained results suggest a novel tissue-specific mechanism of the TNFα-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene in monocytes and macrophages and show that endogenous ApoA-I might be positively regulated in macrophage during inflammation.
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Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. More than complementing Tolls: complement-Toll-like receptor synergy and crosstalk in innate immunity and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:233-244. [PMID: 27782328 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the host immune response and are swiftly activated by infection or other types of immunological stress. This review focuses on the capacity of complement and TLRs to engage in signaling crosstalk, ostensibly to coordinate immune and inflammatory responses through synergistic or antagonistic (regulatory) interactions. However, overactivation or dysregulation of either system may lead-often synergistically-to exaggerated inflammation and host tissue injury. Intriguingly, moreover, certain pathogens can manipulate complement-TLR crosstalk pathways in ways that undermine host immunity and favor their persistence. In the setting of polymicrobial inflammatory disease, subversion of complement-TLR crosstalk by keystone pathogens can promote dysbiosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying complement-TLR crosstalk pathways can, therefore, be used productively for tailored therapeutic approaches, such as, to enhance host immunity, mitigate destructive inflammation, or counteract microbial subversion of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Zhang C, Huang Z, Jing H, Fu W, Yuan M, Xia W, Cai L, Gan X, Chen Y, Zou M, Long M, Wang J, Wang M, Xu D. SAK-HV Triggered a Short-period Lipid-lowering Biotherapy Based on the Energy Model of Liver Proliferation via a Novel Pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1749-1769. [PMID: 28529649 PMCID: PMC5436525 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulations of excess lipids within liver and serum are defined as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipemia respectively. Both of them are components of metabolic syndrome that greatly threaten human health. Here, a recombinant fusion protein (SAK-HV) effectively treated NAFLD and hyperlipemia in high-fat-fed ApoE-/- mice, quails and rats within just 14 days. Its triglyceride and cholesterol-lowering effects were significantly better than that of atorvastatin during the observation period. We explored the lipid-lowering mechanism of SAK-HV by the hepatic transcriptome analysis and serials of experiments both in vivo and in vitro. Unexpectedly, SAK-HV triggered a moderate energy and material-consuming liver proliferation to dramatically decrease the lipids from both serum and liver. We provided the first evidence that PGC-1α mediated the hepatic synthesis of female hormones during liver proliferation, and proposed the complement system-induced PGC-1α-estrogen axis via the novel STAT3-C/EBPβ-PGC-1α pathway in liver as a new energy model for liver proliferation. In this model, PGC-1α ignited and fueled hepatocyte activation as an “igniter”; PGC-1α-induced estrogen augmented the energy supply of PGC-1α as an “ignition amplifier”, then triggered the hepatocyte state transition from activation to proliferation as a “starter”, causing triglyceride and cholesterol-lowering effects via PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation and LDLr-mediated cholesterol uptake, respectively. Collectively, the SAK-HV-triggered distinctive lipid-lowering strategy based on the new energy model of liver proliferation has potential as a novel short-period biotherapy against NAFLD and hyperlipemia.
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25
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Lubbers R, van Essen MF, van Kooten C, Trouw LA. Production of complement components by cells of the immune system. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:183-194. [PMID: 28249350 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune defence. It contributes not only to local inflammation, removal and killing of pathogens, but it also assists in shaping of the adaptive immune response. Besides a role in inflammation, complement is also involved in physiological processes such as waste disposal and developmental programmes. The complement system comprises several soluble and membrane-bound proteins. The bulk of the soluble proteins is produced mainly by the liver. While several complement proteins are produced by a wide variety of cell types, other complement proteins are produced by only a few related cell types. As these data suggest that local production by specific cell types may have specific functions, more detailed studies have been employed recently analysing the local and even intracellular role of these complement proteins. Here we review the current knowledge about extrahepatic production and/or secretion of complement components. More specifically, we address what is known about complement synthesis by cells of the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lubbers
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M F van Essen
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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26
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Shavva VS, Bogomolova AM, Nikitin AA, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Lapikov IA, Tanyanskiy DA, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. FOXO1 and LXRα downregulate the apolipoprotein A-I gene expression during hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:123-134. [PMID: 27896567 PMCID: PMC5225066 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species damage various cell components including DNA, proteins, and lipids, and these impairments could be a reason for severe human diseases including atherosclerosis. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), an important metabolic transcription factor, upregulates antioxidant and proapoptotic genes during oxidative stress. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) forms high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles that are responsible for cholesterol transfer from peripheral tissues to liver for removal in bile in vertebrates. The main sources for plasma ApoA-I in mammals are liver and jejunum. Hepatic apoA-I transcription depends on a multitude of metabolic transcription factors. We demonstrate that ApoA-I synthesis and secretion are decreased during H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Here, we first show that FOXO1 binds to site B of apoA-I hepatic enhancer and downregulates apoA-I gene activity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, FOXO1 and LXRα transcription factors participate in H2O2-triggered downregulation of apoA-I gene together with Src, JNK, p38, and AMPK kinase cascades. Mutations of sites B or C as well as the administration of siRNAs against FOXO1 or LXRα to HepG2 cells abolished the hydrogen peroxide-mediated suppression of apoA-I gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Artemy A Nikitin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ella B Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Galina N Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Ivan A Lapikov
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Tanyanskiy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrej P Perevozchikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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27
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Shavva VS, Bogomolova AM, Nikitin AA, Dizhe EB, Tanyanskiy DA, Efremov AM, Oleinikova GN, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. Insulin-Mediated Downregulation of Apolipoprotein A-I Gene in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2: The Role of Interaction Between FOXO1 and LXRβ Transcription Factors. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:382-396. [PMID: 27404023 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a key component of high density lipoproteins which possess anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Insulin is a crucial mediator of the glucose and lipid metabolism that has been implicated in atherosclerotic and inflammatory processes. Important mediators of insulin signaling such as Liver X Receptors (LXRs) and Forkhead Box A2 (FOXA2) are known to regulate apoA-I expression in liver. Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) is a well-known target of insulin signaling and a key mediator of oxidative stress response. Low doses of insulin were shown to activate apoA-I expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. However, the detailed mechanisms for these processes are still unknown. We studied the possible involvement of FOXO1, FOXA2, LXRα, and LXRβ transcription factors in the insulin-mediated regulation of apoA-I expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with high doses of insulin (48 h, 100 nM) suppresses apoA-I gene expression. siRNAs against FOXO1, FOXA2, LXRβ, or LXRα abrogated this effect. FOXO1 forms a complex with LXRβ and insulin treatment impairs FOXO1/LXRβ complex binding to hepatic enhancer and triggers its nuclear export. Insulin as well as LXR ligand TO901317 enhance the interaction between FOXA2, LXRα, and hepatic enhancer. These data suggest that high doses of insulin downregulate apoA-I gene expression in HepG2 cells through redistribution of FOXO1/LXRβ complex, FOXA2, and LXRα on hepatic enhancer of apoA-I gene. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 382-396, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Artemy A Nikitin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ella B Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Tanyanskiy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander M Efremov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina N Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrej P Perevozchikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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28
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Ding H, Li Y, Feng Y, Chen J, Zhong X, Wang N, Wang W, Zhang P, Wang L. LXR agonist T0901317 upregulates thrombomodulin expression in glomerular endothelial cells by inhibition of nuclear factor‑κB. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4888-96. [PMID: 27082844 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) induces a variety of symptoms, including proteinuria, inflammation, vascular diseases, fibrosis and thrombosis. Thrombomodulin (TM) acts as a vasoprotective molecule on the surface of the vascular endothelial cells to maintain the homeostasis of the endothelial microenvironment by suppressing cellular proliferation, adhesion and inflammatory responses. Liver X receptor (LXR), a nuclear receptor (NR) and a bile acid‑activated transcription factor, regulates metabolism and cholesterol transport, vascular tension and inflammation. Previous studies indicated that TM expression is upregulated by various NRs; however, it is unclear whether pharmacological modulation of LXR may affect TM expression and GEC function. The current study revealed that LXR activation by its agonist, T0901317, upregulates the expression and activity of TM. This effect was mediated specifically through LXR‑α, and not through LXR‑β. Additionally, T0901317 treatment inhibited nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling and the secretion of high glucose‑induced proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β in GECs. Co‑immunoprecipitation experiments determined that treatment with T0901317 enhances the interaction between LXR‑α and the transcriptional coactivator, p300, in GEC extracts. The present findings suggest that NF‑κB may be a negative regulator of TM expression, and its removal may contribute to TM gene expression, particularly when in competition with the T0901317‑enhanced formation of the LXR/p300 complex. Therefore, LXR may be a novel molecular target for manipulating TM in GECs, which may advance the treatment of endothelial cell‑associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Ding
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Feng
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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29
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Shavva VS, Mogilenko DA, Bogomolova AM, Nikitin AA, Dizhe EB, Efremov AM, Oleinikova GN, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. PPARγ Represses Apolipoprotein A-I Gene but Impedes TNFα-Mediated ApoA-I Downregulation in HepG2 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2010-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Denis A. Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | | | - Artemy A. Nikitin
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Biochemistry; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ella B. Dizhe
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander M. Efremov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Galina N. Oleinikova
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrej P. Perevozchikov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey V. Orlov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Embryology; St. Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
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30
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Khan MA, Hsu JL, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Targeted complement inhibition and microvasculature in transplants: a therapeutic perspective. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:175-86. [PMID: 26404106 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Active complement mediators play a key role in graft-versus-host diseases, but little attention has been given to the angiogenic balance and complement modulation during allograft acceptance. The complement cascade releases the powerful proinflammatory mediators C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins, C3b, C5b opsonins and terminal membrane attack complex into tissues, which are deleterious if unchecked. Blocking complement mediators has been considered to be a promising approach in the modern drug discovery plan, and a significant number of therapeutic alternatives have been developed to dampen complement activation and protect host cells. Numerous immune cells, especially macrophages, develop both anaphylatoxin and opsonin receptors on their cell surface and their binding affects the macrophage phenotype and their angiogenic properties. This review discusses the mechanism that complement contributes to angiogenic injury, and the development of future therapeutic targets by antagonizing activated complement mediators to preserve microvasculature in rejecting the transplanted organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Organ Transplant Centre, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - J L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Assiri
- Organ Transplant Centre, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D C Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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31
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Khan MA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Complement and macrophage crosstalk during process of angiogenesis in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2015. [PMID: 26198107 PMCID: PMC4511526 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, which contains some of the most potent pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissue including the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are the vital parts of innate immunity. Complement activation seems to play a more critical role in tumor development, but little attention has been given to the angiogenic balance of the activated complement mediators and macrophage polarization during tumor progression. The tumor growth mainly supported by the infiltration of M2- tumor-associated macrophages, and high levels of C3a and C5a, whereas M1-macrophages contribute to immune-mediated tumor suppression. Macrophages express a cognate receptors for both C3a and C5a on their cell surface, and specific binding of C3a and C5a affects the functional modulation and angiogenic properties. Activation of complement mediators induce angiogenesis, favors an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and activate cancer-associated signaling pathways to assist chronic inflammation. In this review manuscript, we highlighted the specific roles of complement activation and macrophage polarization during uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumor progression, and therefore blocking of complement mediators would be an alternative therapeutic option for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal Khan
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - A M Assiri
- Department Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D C Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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32
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Hovland A, Jonasson L, Garred P, Yndestad A, Aukrust P, Lappegård KT, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. The complement system and toll-like receptors as integrated players in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:480-94. [PMID: 26086357 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent medical advances, atherosclerosis is a global burden accounting for numerous deaths and hospital admissions. Immune-mediated inflammation is a major component of the atherosclerotic process, but earlier research focus on adaptive immunity has gradually switched towards the role of innate immunity. The complement system and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the crosstalk between them, may be of particular interest both with respect to pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis. Animal studies indicate that inhibition of C3a and C5a reduces atherosclerosis. In humans modified LDL-cholesterol activate complement and TLRs leading to downstream inflammation, and histopathological studies indicate that the innate immune system is present in atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that both complement and TLRs are upregulated in atherosclerotic diseases, although interventional trials have this far been disappointing. However, based on recent research showing an intimate interplay between complement and TLRs we propose a model in which combined inhibition of both complement and TLRs may represent a potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hovland
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine and Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine and Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut T Lappegård
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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33
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Barbu A, Hamad OA, Lind L, Ekdahl KN, Nilsson B. The role of complement factor C3 in lipid metabolism. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:101-7. [PMID: 25746915 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abundant reports have shown that there is a strong relationship between C3 and C3a-desArg levels, adipose tissue, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The data indicate that complement components, particularly C3, are involved in lipid metabolism. The C3 fragment, C3a-desArg, functions as a hormone that has insulin-like effects and facilitates triglyceride metabolism. Adipose tissue produces and regulates the levels of complement components, which promotes generation of inflammatory initiators such as the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. The anaphylatoxins trigger a cyto/chemokine response in proportion to the amount of adipose tissue present, and induce inflammation and mediate metabolic effects such as insulin resistance. These observations support the concept that complement is an important participant in lipid metabolism and in obesity, contributing to the metabolic syndrome and to the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Barbu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Osama A Hamad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zimmer J, Hobkirk J, Mohamed F, Browning MJ, Stover CM. On the Functional Overlap between Complement and Anti-Microbial Peptides. Front Immunol 2015; 5:689. [PMID: 25646095 PMCID: PMC4298222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intriguingly, activated complement and anti-microbial peptides share certain functionalities; lytic, phagocytic, and chemo-attractant activities and each may, in addition, exert cell instructive roles. Each has been shown to have distinct LPS detoxifying activity and may play a role in the development of endotoxin tolerance. In search of the origin of complement, a functional homolog of complement C3 involved in opsonization has been identified in horseshoe crabs. Horseshoe crabs possess anti-microbial peptides able to bind to acyl chains or phosphate groups/saccharides of endotoxin, LPS. Complement activity as a whole is detectable in marine invertebrates. These are also a source of anti-microbial peptides with potential pharmaceutical applicability. Investigating the locality for the production of complement pathway proteins and their role in modulating cellular immune responses are emerging fields. The significance of local synthesis of complement components is becoming clearer from in vivo studies of parenchymatous disease involving specifically generated, complement-deficient mouse lines. Complement C3 is a central component of complement activation. Its provision by cells of the myeloid lineage varies. Their effector functions in turn are increased in the presence of anti-microbial peptides. This may point to a potentiating range of activities, which should serve the maintenance of health but may also cause disease. Because of the therapeutic implications, this review will consider closely studies dealing with complement activation and anti-microbial peptide activity in acute inflammation (e.g., dialysis-related peritonitis, appendicitis, and ischemia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zimmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases - Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - James Hobkirk
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull , Hull , UK
| | - Fatima Mohamed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK ; Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary , Leicester , UK
| | - Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
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Ruan CC, Ge Q, Li Y, Li XD, Chen DR, Ji KD, Wu YJ, Sheng LJ, Yan C, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Complement-mediated macrophage polarization in perivascular adipose tissue contributes to vascular injury in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:598-606. [PMID: 25573852 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown an increased expression of complement 3 (C3) in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive model. This study aims to examine the role and underlying mechanism of C3 in PVAT for understanding the pathogenesis of hypertensive vascular remodeling further. APPROACH AND RESULTS The role of C3 in macrophage polarization was investigated using peritoneal macrophages from wild-type and C3-deficient (C3KO) mice because we found that C3 was primarily expressed in macrophages in PVAT of blood vessels from DOCA-salt mice, and results showed a decreased expression of M1 phenotypic marker in contrast to an increased level of M2 marker in the C3KO macrophages. Bone marrow transplantation studies further showed in vivo that DOCA-salt recipient mice had fewer M1 but more M2 macrophages in PVAT when the donor bone marrows were from C3KO compared with those from wild-type mice. Of note, this macrophage polarization shift was accompanied with an ameliorated vascular injury. Furthermore, we identified the complement 5a (C5a) as the major C3 activation product that was involved in macrophage polarization and DOCA-salt-induced vascular injury. Consistently, in vivo depletion of macrophages prevented the induction of C3 and C5a in PVAT, and ameliorated hypertensive vascular injury as well. CONCLUSIONS The presence and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in PVAT are crucial for complement activation in hypertensive vascular inflammation, and C5a plays a critical role in DOCA-salt-induced vascular injury by stimulating macrophage polarization toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype in PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chao Ruan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Qian Ge
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Yan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Kai-Da Ji
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Yong-Jie Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Li-Juan Sheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.)
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.L., X.-D.L., D.-R.C., K.-D.J., Y.-J.W., L.-J.S., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-C.R., P.-J.G.); and Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (C.Y.).
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Kunchithapautham K, Atkinson C, Rohrer B. Smoke exposure causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid accumulation in retinal pigment epithelium through oxidative stress and complement activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14534-46. [PMID: 24711457 PMCID: PMC4031511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, including genetic variants in complement components and smoking. Smoke exposure leads to oxidative stress, complement activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lipid dysregulation, which have all been proposed to be associated with AMD pathogenesis. Here we examine the effects of smoke exposure on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 6 months. RPE cells grown as stable monolayers were exposed to 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Effects of smoke were determined by biochemical, molecular, and histological measures. Effects of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement and complement C3a anaphylatoxin receptor signaling were analyzed using knock-out mice or specific inhibitors. ER stress markers were elevated after smoke exposure in RPE of intact mice, which was eliminated in AP-deficient mice. To examine this relationship further, RPE monolayers were exposed to CSE. Short term smoke exposure resulted in production and release of complement C3, the generation of C3a, oxidative stress, complement activation on the cell membrane, and ER stress. Long term exposure to CSE resulted in lipid accumulation, and secretion. All measures were reversed by blocking C3a complement receptor (C3aR), alternative complement pathway signaling, and antioxidant therapy. Taken together, our results provide clear evidence that smoke exposure results in oxidative stress and complement activation via the AP, resulting in ER stress-mediated lipid accumulation, and further suggesting that oxidative stress and complement act synergistically in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and the Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
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Complement C3 as a marker of cardiometabolic risk in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:653-60. [PMID: 24848273 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Complement C3 is an emerging risk factor in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It is elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease, predicts future myocardial infarction, is closely related to insulin resistance and appears to be involved in atherogenesis. C3 levels have been associated with body fat. The aim of this study was to compare C3 levels in psoriasis patients and controls and to investigate within psoriasis patients the relationship between C3 levels with several measures of body fat, markers of cardiometabolic risk and subclinical atherosclerosis. Eighty adult patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis, without psoriatic arthritis or receiving systemic therapy/phototherapy in the previous 3 months, and 95 otherwise healthy patients were enrolled. Subjects with cardiovascular disease, other systemic inflammatory diseases, use of anti-inflammatory drugs or any infectious diseases in the 4 weeks prior to study enrollment were excluded. All subjects underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and psoriasis patients underwent multidetector computed tomography scan for coronary artery calcification, abdominal fat and epicardial adipose tissue quantification. C3 levels were increased in psoriasis patients compared to controls (129.25 ± 20.92 vs 118.24 ± 17.86, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, sex and waist circumference (P = 0.043), indicating that this association was not solely mediated by the adipose tissue. Within psoriasis patients, C3 levels were independently associated with abdominal visceral fat, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and oxidized LDL-cholesterol, while C-reactive protein did not, showing that C3 may be a better marker of cardiometabolic risk than C-reactive protein. Although more studies are needed, C3 may be a useful marker of cardiometabolic risk in psoriasis.
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Gupta A, Rezvani R, Lapointe M, Poursharifi P, Marceau P, Tiwari S, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Downregulation of complement C3 and C3aR expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95478. [PMID: 24743347 PMCID: PMC3990631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central component of the complement system, C3, is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease however the underlying reasons are unknown. In the present study we evaluated gene expression of C3, the cleavage product C3a/C3adesArg and its cognate receptor C3aR in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in women. METHODS Women (n = 140, 21-69 years, BMI 19.5-79 kg/m2) were evaluated for anthropometric and blood parameters, and adipose tissue gene expression. RESULTS Subjects were separated into groups (n = 34-36) according to obesity: normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m2), obese I (≤45 kg/m2), obese II (≤51 kg/m2), and obese III (≤80 kg/m2). Overall, while omental expression remained unchanged, subcutaneous C3 and C3aR gene expression decreased with increasing adiposity (2-way ANOVA, p<0.01), with a concomitant decrease in SC/OM ratio (p<0.001). In subcutaneous adipose, both C3 and C3aR expression correlated with apoB, and apoA1 and inversely with waist circumference and blood pressure, while C3aR also correlated with glucose (p<0.05-0.0001). While omental C3aR expression did not correlate with any factor, omental C3 correlated with waist circumference, glucose and apoB (all p<0.05). Further, while plasma C3a/C3adesArg increased and adiponectin decreased with increasing BMI, both correlated (C3a negatively and adiponectin positively) with subcutaneous C3 and C3aR expression (p<0.05-0.001) or less). CONCLUSIONS The obesity-induced down-regulation of complement C3 and C3aR which is specific to subcutaneous adipose tissue, coupled to the strong correlations with multiple anthropometric, plasma and adipokine variables support a potential role for complement in immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Protective role for properdin in progression of experimental murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92404. [PMID: 24667818 PMCID: PMC3965423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, dietary and immune factors contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans and mice. Complement activation is an integral part of the innate immune defence but also shapes cellular responses and influences directly triglyceride synthesis. Deficiency of Factor B of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement is beneficial in LDLR(-/-) mice fed a high fat diet. The serum glycoprotein properdin is a key positive regulator of the AP but has not been studied in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was assessed after feeding low fat (LFD) or high fat (HFD) Western type diets to newly generated LDLR(-/-) Properdin(KO) (LDLR(-/-)P(KO)) and LDLR-/-PWT mice. Lipids, lymphocytes and monocytes were similar among genotypes, genders and diets. Complement C3, but not C3adesarg, levels were enhanced in LDLR(-/-)P(KO) mice regardless of diet type or gender. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased in male LDLR(-/-)P(KO) fed a HFD compared with controls. All mice showed significant atherosclerotic burden in aortae and at aortic roots but male LDLR(-/-) mice fed a LFD were affected to the greatest extent by the absence of properdin. The protective effect of properdin expression was overwhelmed in both genders of LDLR(-/-)mice when fed a HFD. We conclude that properdin plays an unexpectedly beneficial role in the development and progression of early atherosclerotic lesions.
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Electronegative LDL: a circulating modified LDL with a role in inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:181324. [PMID: 24062611 PMCID: PMC3766570 DOI: 10.1155/2013/181324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(−)) is a minor modified fraction of LDL found in blood. It comprises a heterogeneous population of LDL particles modified by various mechanisms sharing as a common feature increased electronegativity. Modification by oxidation is one of these mechanisms. LDL(−) has inflammatory properties similar to those of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), such as inflammatory cytokine release in leukocytes and endothelial cells. However, in contrast with oxLDL, LDL(−) also has some anti-inflammatory effects on cultured cells. The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties ascribed to LDL(−) suggest that it could have a dual biological effect.
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Shavva VS, Mogilenko DA, Dizhe EB, Oleinikova GN, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. Hepatic nuclear factor 4α positively regulates complement C3 expression and does not interfere with TNFα-mediated stimulation of C3 expression in HepG2 cells. Gene 2013; 524:187-92. [PMID: 23628799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Complement C3 is involved in various protective and regulatory mechanisms of immune system. Recently it was established that C3 expression is regulated by nuclear receptors. Hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear receptor critical for hepatic development and metabolism. We have shown that HNF4α is a positive regulator of C3 gene expression, realizing its effects through binding to two HNF4-response elements within the C3 promoter in HepG2 cells. TNFα is a well established positive regulator of C3 expression in hepatocytes during acute phase of inflammation. TNFα decreases the amount of HNF4α protein in HepG2 cells through NF-κB and MEK1/2 pathways thereby leading to a decrease in HNF4α bound to the C3 promoter. TNFα and HNF4α act in a synergetic way resulting in the potent activation of C3 transcription. These results suggest a novel mechanism of C3 regulation during acute phase response in HepG2 cells and display the mechanism of interaction of TNFα-induced pathways and HNF4α in transcriptional regulation of C3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
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Mogilenko DA, Kudriavtsev IV, Shavva VS, Dizhe EB, Vilenskaya EG, Efremov AM, Perevozchikov AP, Orlov SV. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α positively regulates complement C3 expression but inhibits tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of C3 gene in mammalian hepatic-derived cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:1726-38. [PMID: 23168409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement C3 is a pivotal component of three cascades of complement activation. The liver is the main source of C3 in circulation and expression and secretion of C3 by hepatocytes is increased during acute inflammation. However, the mechanism of the regulation of the C3 gene in hepatocytes is not well elucidated. We showed that the C3 gene is the direct target for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and mouse liver. Using PPARα siRNA and synthetic PPARα agonist WY-14643 and antagonist MK886 we showed that activation of PPARα results in up-regulation of C3 gene expression and protein secretion by HepG2 cells. The PPAR response element (PPRE), which is able to bind PPARα in vitro and in vivo, was found in the human C3 promoter. PPRE is conserved between human and mouse, and WY-14643 stimulates mouse C3 expression in the liver. TNFα increases C3 gene via NF-κB and, to a lesser extent, MEK1/2 signaling pathways, whereas TNFα-mediated stimulation of C3 protein secretion depends on activation of MEK1/2, p38, and JNK in HepG2 cells. Activation of PPARα abolishes TNFα-mediated up-regulation of C3 gene expression and protein secretion due to interference with NF-κB via PPRE-dependent mechanism in HepG2 cells. TNFα decreases PPARα protein content via NF-κB and MEK1/2 signaling pathways and inhibits PPARα binding with the human C3 promoter in HepG2 cells. These results suggest novel mechanism controlling C3 expression in hepatocytes during acute phase inflammation and demonstrate a crosstalk between PPARα and TNFα in the regulation of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Mogilenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To offer a comprehensive review on the roles that oxysterols synthesized or engulfed by macrophages, or oxysterol-binding proteins in these cells, play in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. RECENT FINDINGS Oxysterols abundant within the plaque have the capacity to potentiate macrophage proinflammatory signaling and to induce cell death. These activities may contribute to formation of the complex lesion, expansion of the necrotic core, and to plaque rupture. On the contrary, several endogenous oxysterols generated by cholesterol hydroxylases act as ligands of liver X receptors, stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux, repress proinflammatory signaling, and promote macrophage survival, counteracting lesion progression. Cytoplasmic oxysterol-binding proteins represent a family of sterol and phosphoinositide sensors that may contribute to the regulatory impact of these bioactive lipids on processes relevant in the context of atherogenesis. SUMMARY The generation and deposition of oxysterols within the developing plaque is envisioned to modulate macrophage lipid metabolism, to affect the delicate balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes, and to impact cell fate decisions, thus, determining whether the lesion remains benign or whether it develops into a hazardous, vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research bInstitute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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