1
|
Saibro-Girardi C, Scheibel IM, Santos L, Bittencourt RR, Fröhlich NT, Dos Reis Possa L, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Bexarotene drives the self-renewing proliferation of adult neural stem cells, promotes neuron-glial fate shift, and regulates late neuronal differentiation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1527-1545. [PMID: 37984072 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with bexarotene, a selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, significantly improves behavioral dysfunctions in various neurodegenerative animal models. Additionally, it activates neurodevelopmental and plasticity pathways in the brains of adult mice. Our objective was to investigate the impact of RXR activation by bexarotene on adult neural stem cells (aNSC) and their cell lineages. To achieve this, we treated NSCs isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rat brains from the proliferative stage to the differentiated status. The results showed that bexarotene-treated aNSC exhibited increased BrdU incorporation, SOX2+ dividing cell pairs, and cell migration from neurospheres, revealing that the treatment promotes self-renewing proliferation and cell motility in SVZ-aNCS. Furthermore, bexarotene induced a cell fate shift characterized by a significant increase in GFAP+/S100B+ differentiated astrocytes, which uncovers the participation of activated-RXR in astrogenesis. In the neuronal lineage, the fate shift was counteracted by bexarotene-induced enhancement of NeuN+ nuclei together with neurite network outgrowth, indicating that the RXR agonist stimulates SVZ-aNCS neuronal differentiation at later stages. These findings establish new connections between RXR activation, astro- and neurogenesis in the adult brain, and contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting nuclear receptors for neural repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Saibro-Girardi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Matsubara Scheibel
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Reykla Ramon Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicole Taís Fröhlich
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Dos Reis Possa
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usmani MA, Ghaffar A, Shahzad M, Akram J, Majeed AI, Malik K, Fatima K, Khan AA, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin S. A Missense Variant in HACE1 Is Associated with Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, Spasticity, and Psychomotor Impairment in a Pakistani Kindred. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:580. [PMID: 38790209 PMCID: PMC11121239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), which affects around 2% to 3% of the population, accounts for 0.63% of the overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). ID is characterized by limitations in a person's intellectual and adaptive functioning, and is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 1000 genes. Here, we report a rare missense variant (c.350T>C; p.(Leu117Ser)) in HACE1 segregating with NDD syndrome with clinical features including ID, epilepsy, spasticity, global developmental delay, and psychomotor impairment in two siblings of a consanguineous Pakistani kindred. HACE1 encodes a HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1), which is involved in protein ubiquitination, localization, and cell division. HACE1 is also predicted to interact with several proteins that have been previously implicated in the ID phenotype in humans. The p.(Leu117Ser) variant replaces an evolutionarily conserved residue of HACE1 and is predicted to be deleterious by various in silico algorithms. Previously, eleven protein truncating variants of HACE1 have been reported in individuals with NDD. However, to our knowledge, p.(Leu117Ser) is the second missense variant in HACE1 found in an individual with NDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Usmani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Amama Ghaffar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shahzad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Javed Akram
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Aisha I. Majeed
- Department of Radiology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Khushbakht Fatima
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54500, Pakistan;
| | - Asma A. Khan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Niemira M, Krętowski AJ, Węgrzyn P, Kosiński P, Zbucka-Krętowska M. Identification of MicroRNA Profiles in Fetal Spina Bifida: The Role in Pathomechanism and Diagnostic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2896. [PMID: 38474143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct miRNA expression patterns may reflect anomalies related to fetal congenital malformations such as spinal bifida (SB). The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the maternal miRNA expression profile of women carrying fetuses with SB. Therefore, six women carrying fetuses with SB and twenty women with euploid healthy fetuses were enrolled in this study. Using NanoString technology, we evaluated the expression level of 798 miRNAs in both plasma and amniotic fluid samples. A downregulation of miR-1253, miR-1290, miR-194-5p, miR-302d-3p, miR-3144-3p, miR-4536-5p, miR-548aa + miR-548t-3p, miR-548ar-5p, miR-548n, miR-590-5p, miR-612, miR-627-5p, miR-644a, and miR-122-5p, and an upregulation of miR-320e, let-7b-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-873-3p, and miR-30d-5p were identified in maternal amniotic fluid samples in SB when compared to the control group. The target genes of these miRNAs play a predominant role in regulating the synthesis of several biological compounds related to signaling pathways such as those regulating the pluripotency of stem cells. Moreover, the maternal plasma expression of miR-320e was increased in pregnancies with SB, and this marker could serve as a valuable non-invasive screening tool. Our results highlight the SB-specific miRNA signature and the differentially expressed miRNAs that may be involved in SB pathogenesis. Our findings emphasize the role of miRNA as a predictive factor that could potentially be useful in prenatal genetic screening for SB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Węgrzyn
- Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kosiński
- Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Li N, Zheng M, Yu Y, Zhang S. Acetylation and deacetylation of histone in adipocyte differentiation and the potential significance in cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101815. [PMID: 37935080 PMCID: PMC10654249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and can develop into several cell types including adipocytes, myocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Various epigenetic factors, particularly histone modifications, play key roles in adipocyte differentiation and have indispensable functions in altering chromatin conformation. Histone acetylases and deacetylases participate in the regulation of protein acetylation, mediate transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and directly acetylate or deacetylate various transcription factors and regulatory proteins. The adipocyte differentiation of stem cells plays a key role in various metabolic diseases. Cancer stem cells(CSCs) play an important function in cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance, and have the characteristics of stem cells. They are expressed in various cell lineages, including adipocytes. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation can undergo adipocytic differentiation, thereby reducing the degree of malignancy. This opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the regulation of acetylation during adipocyte differentiation, involving the functions of histone acetylating and deacetylating enzymes as well as non-histone acetylation modifications. Mechanistic studies on adipogenesis and acetylation during the differentiation of cancer cells into a benign cell phenotype may help identify new targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song P, Chen X, Zhao J, Li Q, Li X, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhao J. Vitamin A injection at birth improves muscle growth in lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:204-212. [PMID: 37484991 PMCID: PMC10362083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in regulating skeletal muscle development. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early intramuscular vitamin A injection on the muscle growth of lambs. A total of 16 newborn lambs were given weekly intramuscular injections of corn oil (control group, n = 8) or 7,500 IU vitamin A palmitate (vitamin A group, n = 8) from birth to 3 wk of age (4 shots in total). At 3 wk of age and weaning, biceps femoris muscle samples were taken to analyze the effects of vitamin A on the myogenic capacity of skeletal muscle cells. All lambs were slaughtered at 8 months of age. The results suggest that vitamin A treatment accelerated the growth rate of lambs and increased the loin eye area (P < 0.05). Consistently, vitamin A increased the diameter of myofibers in longissimus thoracis muscle (P < 0.01) and increased the final body weight of lambs (P < 0.05). Vitamin A injection did not change the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and myostatin signaling (P > 0.05). Moreover, vitamin A upregulated the expression of PAX7 (P < 0.05) and the myogenic marker genes including MYOD and MYOG (P < 0.01). The skeletal muscle-derived mononuclear cells from vitamin A-treated lambs showed higher expression of myogenic genes (P < 0.05) and formed more myotubes (P < 0.01) when myogenic differentiation was induced in vitro. In addition, in vitro analysis showed that RA promoted myogenic differentiation of the skeletal muscle-derived mononuclear cells in the first 3 d (P < 0.05) but not at the later stage (P > 0.05) as evidenced by myogenic gene expression and fusion index. Taken together, neonatal intramuscular vitamin A injection promotes lamb muscle growth by promoting the myogenic potential of satellite cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoyou Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil in Beta-Cyclodextrin for Solid-State Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030914. [PMID: 36986775 PMCID: PMC10051612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance related to the misuse of antibiotics is a well-known current topic. Their excessive use in several fields has led to enormous selective pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria, driving the evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes with severe impacts on human health. Among all the possible strategies, a viable one could be the development of medical features that employ essential oils (EOs), complex natural mixtures extracted from different plant organs, rich in organic compounds showing, among others, antiseptic properties. In this work, green extracted essential oil of Thymus vulgaris was included in cyclic oligosaccharides cyclodextrins (CD) and prepared in the form of tablets. This essential oil has been shown to have a strong transversal efficacy both as an antifungal and as an antibacterial agent. Its inclusion allows its effective use because an extension of the exposure time to the active compounds is obtained and, therefore, a more marked efficacy, especially against biofilm-producing microorganisms such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, was registered. The efficacy of the tablet against candidiasis opens their possible use as a chewable tablet against oral candidiasis and as a vaginal tablet against vaginal candidiasis. Moreover, the registered wide efficacy is even more positive since the proposed approach can be defined as effective, safe, and green. In fact, the natural mixture of the essential oil is produced by the steam current method; therefore, the manufacturer employs substances that are not harmful, with very low production and management costs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Retinoic Acid Prevents the Neuronal Damage Through the Regulation of Parvalbumin in an Ischemic Stroke Model. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:487-501. [PMID: 36245066 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disease that causes brain damage by increasing oxidative stress and ion imbalance. Retinoic acid is a major metabolite of vitamin A and regulates oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Intracellular calcium is involved in neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that is mainly expressed in brain. In this study, we investigated whether retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects by controlling intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression in ischemic brain damage. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce cerebral ischemia. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected into the abdominal cavity for four days before surgery and cerebral cortices were collected 24 h after MCAO for further studies. MCAO damage induced neurological deficits and histopathological changes and decreased parvalbumin expression. However, retinoic acid treatment alleviated these changes. In cultured neurons, glutamate (5 mM) exposure induced neuronal cell death, increased intracellular calcium concentration, and decreased parvalbumin expression. Retinoic acid treatment attenuated these changes against glutamate toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. It also regulates glutamate induced change in bcl-2 and bax expression. The mitigation effects of retinoic acid were greater under non-transfection conditions than under parvalbumin siRNA transfection conditions. Our findings showed that retinoic acid modulates intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression and prevents apoptosis in ischemic brain injury. In conclusion, retinoic acid contributes to the preservation of neurons from ischemic stroke by controlling parvalbumin expression and apoptosis-related proteins.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mansor NI, Ling KH, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Adenan MI, Nordin N. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S21-S44. [PMID: 37334592 PMCID: PMC10473099 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) is commonly known in South East and South East Asia communities for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Besides being traditionally used to enhance memory and accelerate wound healing, its phytochemicals have been extensively documented for their neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effects of a standardized raw extract of C. asiatica (RECA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic death in neural-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line. METHODS A transgenic mouse ES cell (46C) was differentiated into neural-like cells using 4-/4+ protocol with addition of all-trans retinoic acid. These cells were then exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of RECA on H2O2-induced neural-like cells were assessed through cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, as well as neurite length measurement. The gene expression levels of neuronal-specific and antioxidant markers were assessed by RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS Pre-treatment with H2O2 for 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner, damaged neural-like cells as marked by a decrease in cell viability, substantial increase in intracellular ROS accumulation, and increase in apoptotic rate compared to untreated cells. These cells were used to treat with RECA. Treatment with RECA for 48 h remarkably restored cell survival and promoted neurite outgrowth in the H2O2- damaged neurons by increasing cell viability and decreasing ROS activity. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RECA upregulated the level of antioxidant genes such as thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of treated cells, as well as the expression level of neuronal-specific markers such as Tuj1 and MAP2 genes, suggesting their contribution in neuritogenic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that RECA promotes neuroregenerative effects and exhibits antioxidant properties, suggesting a valuable synergistic activity of its phytochemical constituents, thus, making the extract a promising candidate in preventing or treating oxidative stress-associated Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar PuncakAlam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Maswary AA, O’Reilly M, Holmes AP, Walmsley AD, Cooper PR, Scheven BA. Exploring the neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277134. [PMID: 36331951 PMCID: PMC9635714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have increasingly gained interest as a potential therapy for nerve regeneration in medicine and dentistry, however their neurogenic potential remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to characterize hDPSC neuronal differentiation in comparison with the human SH-SY5Y neuronal stem cell differentiation model. Both hDPSCs and SH-SY5Y could be differentiated to generate typical neuronal-like cells following sequential treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as evidenced by significant expression of neuronal proteins βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) and neurofilament medium (NF-M). Both cell types also expressed multiple neural gene markers including growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), enolase 2/neuron-specific enolase (ENO2/NSE), synapsin I (SYN1), nestin (NES), and peripherin (PRPH), and exhibited measurable voltage-activated Na+ and K+ currents. In hDPSCs, upregulation of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), choline O-acetyltransferase (CHAT), sodium channel alpha subunit 9 (SCN9A), POU class 4 homeobox 1 (POU4F1/BRN3A) along with a downregulation of motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1) indicated that differentiation was more guided toward a cholinergic sensory neuronal lineage. Furthermore, the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor U0126 significantly impaired hDPSC neuronal differentiation and was associated with reduction of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that extracellular signal-regulated kinase/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) is necessary for sensory cholinergic neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs. hDPSC-derived cholinergic sensory neuronal-like cells represent a novel model and potential source for neuronal regeneration therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Al-Maswary
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: , (AAA-M); (BAS)
| | - Molly O’Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Damien Walmsley
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ben A. Scheven
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: , (AAA-M); (BAS)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neves D, Goodfellow BJ, Vieira SI, Silva RM. The role of NAD metabolism in neuronal differentiation. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105402. [PMID: 35843422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism is involved in redox and non-redox reactions that regulate several processes including differentiation of cells of different origins. Here, the role of NAD metabolism in neuronal differentiation, which remains elusive so far, was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A protein-protein interaction network between neurotrophin signaling and NAD metabolic pathways was built. Expression of NAD biosynthetic enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells during retinoic acid (RA)/brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) differentiation, was evaluated. The effects of NAD biosynthetic enzymes QPRT and NAPRT inhibition in neurite outgrowth, cell viability, NAD availability and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, were analysed in RA- and BDNF-differentiated cells. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed the interaction between NAD biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT1 and NTRK2, a receptor activated by RA/BDNF sequential treatment. Differences were found in the expression of NAD biosynthetic enzymes during neuronal differentiation, namely, increased QPRT gene expression along the course of RA/BDNF treatment and NAPRT protein expression after a 5-day treatment with RA. QPRT inhibition in BDNF-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells resulted in less neuritic length per cell, decreased expression of the neuronal marker β-III Tubulin and also decreased NAD+ levels and HDAC activity. NAPRT inhibition had no effect in neuritic length per cell, NAD+ levels and HDAC activity. Of note, NAD supplementation along with RA, but not with BDNF, resulted in considerable cell death. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show the involvement of NAD metabolism in neuronal differentiation, specifically, the importance of QPRT-mediated NAD biosynthesis in BDNF-associated SH-SY5Y differentiation and suggest additional roles for NAPRT beyond NAD production in RA-differentiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Neves
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas & Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Sandra I Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas & Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas & Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Viseu, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akasov R, Khaydukov EV, Yamada M, Zvyagin AV, Leelahavanichkul A, Leanse LG, Dai T, Prow T. Nanoparticle enhanced blue light therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114198. [PMID: 35301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Provasek VE, Mitra J, Malojirao VH, Hegde ML. DNA Double-Strand Breaks as Pathogenic Lesions in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094653. [PMID: 35563044 PMCID: PMC9099445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage and repair of DNA is a continuous process required to maintain genomic integrity. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage and require timely repair by dedicated machinery. DSB repair is uniquely important to nondividing, post-mitotic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These long-lived cells must rely on the intact genome for a lifetime while maintaining high metabolic activity. When these mechanisms fail, the loss of certain neuronal populations upset delicate neural networks required for higher cognition and disrupt vital motor functions. Mammalian cells engage with several different strategies to recognize and repair chromosomal DSBs based on the cellular context and cell cycle phase, including homologous recombination (HR)/homology-directed repair (HDR), microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), and the classic non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In addition to these repair pathways, a growing body of evidence has emphasized the importance of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, and the involvement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family proteins in the repair of neuronal DSBs, many of which are linked to age-associated neurological disorders. In this review, we describe contemporary research characterizing the mechanistic roles of these non-canonical proteins in neuronal DSB repair, as well as their contributions to the etiopathogenesis of selected common neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E. Provasek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Vikas H. Malojirao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (V.E.P.); (V.H.M.)
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 11021, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu B, Chen L, Zhan Y, Marquez KNS, Zhuo L, Qi S, Zhu J, He Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Shen Y, Chen G, Gu J, Guo Y, Liu S, Xie T. The Biological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 in Various Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857919. [PMID: 35445019 PMCID: PMC9013884 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), also known as fatty acid transporter, has been widely researched with the help of modern genetic technology. Emerging evidence suggests its critical role in regulating lipid transport, homeostasis, and metabolism. Its involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome, skin diseases, cancer, and neurological diseases is the key to understanding the true nature of the protein. This makes FABP5 be a promising component for numerous clinical applications. This review has summarized the most recent advances in the research of FABP5 in modulating cellular processes, providing an in-depth analysis of the protein’s biological properties, biological functions, and mechanisms involved in various diseases. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using FABP5 as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for human diseases, shedding light on challenges facing future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binyue Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karl Nelson S. Marquez
- Clinical Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou, China
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Guo, ; Shuiping Liu, ; Tian Xie,
| | - Shuiping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Guo, ; Shuiping Liu, ; Tian Xie,
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Guo, ; Shuiping Liu, ; Tian Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Svenningsen EB, Ottosen RN, Jørgensen KH, Nisavic M, Larsen CK, Hansen BK, Wang Y, Lindorff-Larsen K, Tørring T, Hacker SM, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. The covalent reactivity of functionalized 5-hydroxy-butyrolactams is the basis for targeting of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) by the neurotrophic agent MT-21. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1216-1229. [PMID: 36320884 PMCID: PMC9533406 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalently acting compounds experience a strong interest within chemical biology both as molecular probes in studies of fundamental biological mechanisms and/or as novel drug candidates. In this context, the identification of new classes of reactive groups is particularly important as these can expose novel reactivity modes and, consequently, expand the ligandable proteome. Here, we investigated the electrophilic reactivity of the 3-acyl-5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-one (AHPO) scaffold, a heterocyclic motif that is e.g. present in various bioactive natural products. Our investigations were focused on the compound MT-21 – a simplified structural analogue of the natural product epolactaene – which is known to have both neurotrophic activity and ability to trigger apoptotic cell death. We found that the central N-acyl hemiaminal group of MT-21 can function as an electrophilic centre enabling divergent reactivity with both amine- and thiol-based nucleophiles, which furthermore translated to reactivity with proteins in both cell lysates and live cells. We found that in live cells MT-21 strongly engaged the lipid transport protein fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) by direct binding to a cysteine residue in the bottom of the ligand binding pocket. Through preparation of a series of MT-21 derivatives, we probed the specificity of this interaction which was found to be strongly dependent on subtle structural changes. Our study suggests that MT-21 may be employed as a tool compound in future studies of the biology of FABP5, which remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, our study has also made clear that other natural products containing the AHPO-motif may likewise possess covalent reactivity and that this property may underlie their biological activity. In this work, it is shown that an N-acyl hemiaminal motif present in many natural products can function as an electrophilic centre, mediating covalent reactivity in biological systems, reacting with both thiols and amines.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus N. Ottosen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Camilla K. Larsen
- Department of Engineering – Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bente K. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Wang
- Copenhagen Biocenter, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Engineering – Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephan M. Hacker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, NL-2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Das M, Pethe P. Differential expression of retinoic acid alpha and beta receptors in neuronal progenitors generated from human embryonic stem cells in response to TTNPB (a retinoic acid mimetic). Differentiation 2021; 121:13-24. [PMID: 34419635 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, plays a critical role in the morphogenesis and differentiation of various tissues, especially in the central nervous system. RA is the most commonly used morphogen for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), an abundant source of healthy neuronal tissues for regenerative therapy. During the differentiation process, the activity of RA is governed by the involvement of RA receptor subtypes (RAR α, β, and γ) and their isoforms in the nucleus. However, little is known about the involvement of specific RAR subtypes during neuronal differentiation in humans. It is essential to elucidate the dynamic function of different RAR subtypes and their influence on the phenotypic outcome. Here in this study, we used TTNPB, an analog and stabilized form of retinoic acid that potently and selectively activates retinoic acid receptors. Here we determined the optimum concentration of TTNPBfor the efficient generation of early NPCs from hESCs. Using the optimized concentration of -TTNPB, we found that RARα is the functionally dominant subtype and controls the RA-mediated neurogenesis of hESCs. Importantly, we also found that the RARγ subtype also played a role in neuronal differentiation. In contrast, the RARβ subtype negatively correlates with neuronal differentiation. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of RARβ in the TTNPB-mediated differentiation process could be used as a strategy to generate a large number of NPCs in vitro. In summary, our results show that RARα and RARγ play a vital role in the TTNPB-mediated neuronal differentiation of hESCs, -whereas RARβ acts as a negative regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dynamics of HOX gene expression and regulation in adipocyte development. Gene 2020; 768:145308. [PMID: 33197517 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HOX proteins are homeodomain-containing transcription factors that play a central role in development. We have applied genome-wide approaches to develop time-dependent profile of differentially expressed genes in early and mature adipocytes. The list of differentially expressed HOX genes were developed by analyzing the microarray datasets of murine adipocyte samples at different time points of development. Since these datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we were able to find a new HOX gene, HOXC13 in adipogenesis. To investigate whether these members of the homeobox gene family are expressed and regulated in preadipocytes or mature adipocytes, RNA was isolated from 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells at different time point's through-out the preadipocyte and adipocyte state. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction strategy was applied for the analysis of gene expression. We have observed that HOXA5 and HOXC13 were differentially expressed in preadipocytes and HOXD4 and HOXD8 in mature adipocytes. To understand this difference in expression pattern, we have considered to investigate the role of the major regulators of adipogenesis in HOX gene regulation. Since Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) was reported previously as a regulator of Hox genes, we chose the combination of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and Retinoic X receptor (RXR) which are modulated by the presence of RAR. To provide a detailed analysis of retinoic acid (RA) and/or PPARγ induced transcriptional and epigenetic changes within the homeotic clusters of mouse fibroblast cells (3T3-L1), we have performed a promoter mapping of HOX genes and observed an enriched binding site for PPARγ and RXR in their promoter regions. We further confirmed this PPARγ and RXR binding to HOX gene promoters by re-analyzing the anti-PPARγ/anti-RXR ChIP-Seq data. Based on the results, we modulated the PPARγ expression at the transcriptional and translational levels by using 5 different pharmacological molecules (TSA, GW9662, ATRA, FH535, and Pioglitazone) to elucidate their effect on the HOX gene transcription. These pharmacological molecules had a direct or indirect regulatory effect on the PPARγ activity. We observed that PPARγ suppression alone is enough for the upregulation of HOXA5 and HOXD4 genes. In addition, HOXD8 regulation was mediated by RAR activation in mature adipocytes but the regulation of HOXC13 gene expression was not clear. We suggest that it might be partially mediated through suppressing PPARγ activation. Further insights are required to provide a mechanistic detail about HOX gene regulation through PPARγ. In this study, we have reported a time-dependent expression analysis of HOXA5, HOXD4, HOXD8, and HOXC13 in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. Also, we have suggested PPARγ/RAR dependent regulation for these genes during adipogenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pooyan P, Karamzadeh R, Mirzaei M, Meyfour A, Amirkhan A, Wu Y, Gupta V, Baharvand H, Javan M, Salekdeh GH. The Dynamic Proteome of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Differentiation Features Planar Cell Polarity and Macroautophagy Pathways. Gigascience 2020; 9:5945159. [PMID: 33128372 PMCID: PMC7601170 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generation of oligodendrocytes is a sophisticated multistep process, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are not fully understood and demand further investigation. To systematically profile proteome dynamics during human embryonic stem cell differentiation into oligodendrocytes, we applied in-depth quantitative proteomics at different developmental stages and monitored changes in protein abundance using a multiplexed tandem mass tag-based proteomics approach. Findings Our proteome data provided a comprehensive protein expression profile that highlighted specific expression clusters based on the protein abundances over the course of human oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We identified the eminence of the planar cell polarity signalling and autophagy (particularly macroautophagy) in the progression of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation—the cooperation of which is assisted by 106 and 77 proteins, respectively, that showed significant expression changes in this differentiation process. Furthermore, differentially expressed protein analysis of the proteome profile of oligodendrocyte lineage cells revealed 378 proteins that were specifically upregulated only in 1 differentiation stage. In addition, comparative pairwise analysis of differentiation stages demonstrated that abundances of 352 proteins differentially changed between consecutive differentiation time points. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive systematic proteomics profile of oligodendrocyte lineage cells that can serve as a resource for identifying novel biomarkers from these cells and for indicating numerous proteins that may contribute to regulating the development of myelinating oligodendrocytes and other cells of oligodendrocyte lineage. We showed the importance of planar cell polarity signalling in oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation and revealed the autophagy-related proteins that participate in oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paria Pooyan
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blv., Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Ashrafi Esfahani, Tehran 1461968151, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem St., ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leszczyński P, Śmiech M, Salam Teeli A, Haque E, Viger R, Ogawa H, Pierzchała M, Taniguchi H. Deletion of the Prdm3 Gene Causes a Neuronal Differentiation Deficiency in P19 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197192. [PMID: 33003409 PMCID: PMC7582457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM (PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1) homologous domain-containing) transcription factors are a group of proteins that have a significant impact on organ development. In our study, we assessed the role of Prdm3 in neurogenesis and the mechanisms regulating its expression. We found that Prdm3 mRNA expression was induced during neurogenesis and that Prdm3 gene knockout caused premature neuronal differentiation of the P19 cells and enhanced the growth of non-neuronal cells. Interestingly, we found that Gata6 expression was also significantly upregulated during neurogenesis. We further studied the regulatory mechanism of Prdm3 expression. To determine the role of GATA6 in the regulation of Prdm3 mRNA expression, we used a luciferase-based reporter assay and found that Gata6 overexpression significantly increased the activity of the Prdm3 promoter. Finally, the combination of retinoic acid receptors α and β, along with Gata6 overexpression, further increased the activity of the luciferase reporter. Taken together, our results suggest that in the P19 cells, PRDM3 contributed to neurogenesis and its expression was stimulated by the synergism between GATA6 and the retinoic acid signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Leszczyński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory for Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (M.Ś.); (A.S.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory for Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (M.Ś.); (A.S.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Aamir Salam Teeli
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory for Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (M.Ś.); (A.S.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Effi Haque
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory for Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (M.Ś.); (A.S.T.); (E.H.)
| | - Robert Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC GIV4G2, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Hidesato Ogawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland;
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Laboratory for Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (M.Ś.); (A.S.T.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-736-70-95
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Short peptides are molecules with small molecular weight, capable of penetrating the cell membrane and nuclear membrane for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including the genes responsible for cell differentiation. The direction of cell differentiation induction depends on the peptide structure and concentration. AEDG and AEDP peptides induce differentiation of pluripotent cells in the epidermis, mesenchyme and nervous tissue. Peptides KE, AED, KED, AEDG and AAAAEKAAAAEKAAAAEK activate neural differentiation. Peptides AEDL and KEDW induce lung and pancreatic cell differentiation. Differentiation of immune cells is stimulated by KE, DS, (Nα-(γ-E)-E), K(Н-E-OH)-OH, AED, KED, EDA, and KEDG peptides. IRW, GRGDS and YCWSQYLCY peptides activate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. KE, AEDL, and AEDG peptides also induce plant cells differentiation. Short peptides can take part in activation of the signaling pathways regulating expression of differentiation genes. They can interact with histones changing the availability of genes for transcription, regulate gene methylation and activate or inhibit their expression, as well as directly interact with the DNA. Research in the area of directed stem cell differentiation by peptide regulation is of special importance for developing innovative approaches to molecular medicine and cell therapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Brummer T, Müller SA, Pan-Montojo F, Yoshida F, Fellgiebel A, Tomita T, Endres K, Lichtenthaler SF. NrCAM is a marker for substrate-selective activation of ADAM10 in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809695. [PMID: 30833305 PMCID: PMC6460357 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The metalloprotease ADAM10 is a drug target in Alzheimer's disease, where it cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and lowers amyloid‐beta. Yet, ADAM10 has additional substrates, which may cause mechanism‐based side effects upon therapeutic ADAM10 activation. However, they may also serve—in addition to APP—as biomarkers to monitor ADAM10 activity in patients and to develop APP‐selective ADAM10 activators. Our study demonstrates that one such substrate is the neuronal cell adhesion protein NrCAM. ADAM10 controlled NrCAM surface levels and regulated neurite outgrowth in vitro in an NrCAM‐dependent manner. However, ADAM10 cleavage of NrCAM, in contrast to APP, was not stimulated by the ADAM10 activator acitretin, suggesting that substrate‐selective ADAM10 activation may be feasible. Indeed, a whole proteome analysis of human CSF from a phase II clinical trial showed that acitretin, which enhanced APP cleavage by ADAM10, spared most other ADAM10 substrates in brain, including NrCAM. Taken together, this study demonstrates an NrCAM‐dependent function for ADAM10 in neurite outgrowth and reveals that a substrate‐selective, therapeutic ADAM10 activation is possible and may be monitored with NrCAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brummer
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Pan-Montojo
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center JGU, Mainz, Germany
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center JGU, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany .,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Q, Zhang T, Zhang R, Qin X, Zhao J. All-trans retinoic acid regulates sheep primary myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106394. [PMID: 31731254 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), play key roles in cell differentiation and organ morphogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RA on sheep primary myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Sheep primary myoblasts were isolated and treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 10 nM and 100 nM) and vehicle. The results showed that 10 nM ATRA sufficiently inhibited cell proliferation, which might be through downregulation of cyclin D1 (P < 0.05) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (P < 0.05) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (P < 0.05) abundance. Moreover, compared with control cells, both 10 nM and 100 nM ATRA promoted myotube formation and increased fusion index (P < 0.05), which was associated with elevated myogenin mRNA content (P < 0.05). As expected, both myogenin (P < 0.01) and myosin heavy chain (P < 0.05) protein levels were increased by ATRA. Interestingly, ATRA treatment increased H3K4me3 and decreased H3K27me3 enrichment in the myogenin promoter region (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 100 nM ATRA stimulated 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) Amino)-2-deoxyglucose uptake (P < 0.05) and upregulated glucose transporter 4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Although ATRA did not alter p38 content, phospho-p38 content was increased (P < 0.01). In addition, ATRA treatment activated the mTOR signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results demonstrated that ATRA plays an important role in regulating sheep myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation and suggested vitamin A as a potential target for manipulating muscle growth efficiency in sheep industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - X Qin
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
SIRT1 induces the adipogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating RA-induced RAR expression via NCOR1 acetylation. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
24
|
Liu D, Rychkov G, Al-Hawwas M, Manaph NPA, Zhou F, Bobrovskaya L, Liao H, Zhou XF. Conversion of human urine-derived cells into neuron-like cells by small molecules. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2713-2722. [PMID: 32185687 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural cell transplantation is an effective way for treatment of neurological diseases. However, the absence of transplantable human neurons remains a barrier for clinical therapies. Human urine-derived cells, namely renal cells and urine stem cells, have become a good source of cells for reprogramming or trans-differentiation research. Here, we show that human urine-derived cells can be partially converted into neuron-like cells by applying a cocktail of small molecules. Gene expression analysis has shown that these induced cells expressed some neuron-specific genes, and a proportion of the cells are GABAergic neurons. Moreover, whole-cell patch clamping recording has shown that some induced cells have neuron-specific voltage gated Na+ and K+ currents but have failed to generate Ca2+ currents and action potentials. Taken together, these results suggest that induced neuronal cells from human urine-derived cells may be useful for neurological disease modelling, drug screening and cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Grigori Rychkov
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Crofton EJ, Smith TES, Koshy S, Li D, Green TA. Manipulation of retinoic acid signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell alters rat emotional behavior. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112177. [PMID: 31449909 PMCID: PMC7359447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel targets for depression and anxiety disorders are necessary for the development of more effective pharmacotherapeutics. Our previous study found that the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway is the signaling pathway most enhanced in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, a region important for depression, anxiety, and addiction. Genetic manipulations of RA signaling in the NAc affecting addiction-related behavior prompted our study of the role of retinoic acid signaling in depression-related and anxiety-related behavior using in vivo RNA interference. Knockdown of the retinoic acid degradation enzyme cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily b member 1 (Cyp26b1) in the nucleus accumbens shell increased depression-related behavior while decreasing anxiety-like behavior. Knockdown of the retinoic acid binding protein, cellular RA binding protein 2 (Crabp2), also increased depression-related behavior. Knockdown of another RA binding partner fatty acid binding protein 5 (Fabp5), did not alter these behaviors. These results further support the contention that RA signaling in the NAc shell can affect emotional behavior and that targeting some components of this pathway could be a promising avenue for developing novel treatments for depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhang
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Crofton
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tileena E S Smith
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shyny Koshy
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dingge Li
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Mental Health Research Group, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu G, Wu F, Gu X, Zhang J, You K, Chen Y, Getachew A, Zhuang Y, Zhong X, Lin Z, Guo D, Yang F, Pan T, Wei H, Li YX. Direct Conversion of Human Urine Cells to Neurons by Small Molecules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16707. [PMID: 31723223 PMCID: PMC6854089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of other cell type into human neuronal cells (hNCs) provides a platform for neural disease modeling, drug screening and potential cell-based therapies. Among all of the cell donor sources, human urine cells (hUCs) are convenient to obtain without invasive harvest procedure. Here, we report a novel approach for the transdifferentiation of hUCs into hNCs. Our study demonstrated that a combination of seven small molecules (CAYTFVB) cocktail induced transdifferentiation of hUCs into hNCs. These chemical-induced neuronal cells (CiNCs) exhibited typical neuron-like morphology and expressed mature neuronal markers. The neuronal-like morphology revealed in day 1, and the Tuj1-positive CiNCs reached to about 58% in day 5 and 38.36% Tuj1+/MAP2+ double positive cells in day 12. Partial electrophysiological properties of CiNCs was obtained using patch clamp. Most of the CiNCs generated using our protocol were glutamatergic neuron populations, whereas motor neurons, GABAergic or dopaminergic neurons were merely detected. hUCs derived from different donors were converted into CiNCs in this work. This method may provide a feasible and noninvasive approach for reprogramming hNCs from hUCs for disease models and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feima Wu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Gu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhong
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoxian Lin
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcheng Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fukui M, Katayama S, Ikeya Y, Inazu T. Yokukansan, a Kampo medicine, enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02662. [PMID: 31692643 PMCID: PMC6806406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, affects neurological and psychiatric disorders. It ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis in animals. However, its effect on neuronal cell differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of YKS on pluripotent P19 embryonic carcinoma cells as neuronal differentiation model cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry revealed that 10 μg/mL YKS treatment during embryoid body formation or neuronal differentiation increased the expression of the neuronal stem cell marker, Nestin, by 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, and of the mature neuron marker, NeuN, by 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. We examined the effect of YKS on intracellular signaling pathways in P19 cells and found significant elevation in phospho-PDK1 and phospho-mTOR expression (1.1-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively). Therefore, we investigated the effect of PDK1 and mTOR inhibitors on the level of neuronal lineage markers. We found that the mTOR inhibitor significantly abolished the YKS effect on the level of neuronal lineage markers. Moreover, to identify the target(s) of YKS, antibody array analysis that simultaneously detects 16 phosphorylated proteins was performed. YKS significantly upregulated 10 phosphorylated proteins including PDK1, Akt, AMPK, PRAS40, mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, GSK-3α, Bad and ERK1/2 under cell proliferation conditions. These results suggest that YKS simultaneously activates multiple signaling pathways. Thus, we concluded that YKS enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 cells, however it does not induce neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, mTOR is the predominant mediator of the YKS effect on these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fukui
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Inazu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Structure and ligand binding of As-p18, an extracellular fatty acid binding protein from the eggs of a parasitic nematode. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191292. [PMID: 31273060 PMCID: PMC6646235 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (iLBPs) of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family of animals transport, mainly fatty acids or retinoids, are confined to the cytosol and have highly similar 3D structures. In contrast, nematodes possess fatty acid-binding proteins (nemFABPs) that are secreted into the perivitelline fluid surrounding their developing embryos. We report structures of As-p18, a nemFABP of the large intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum, with ligand bound, determined using X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In common with other FABPs, As-p18 comprises a ten β-strand barrel capped by two short α-helices, with the carboxylate head group of oleate tethered in the interior of the protein. However, As-p18 exhibits two distinctive longer loops amongst β-strands not previously seen in a FABP. One of these is adjacent to the presumed ligand entry portal, so it may help to target the protein for efficient loading or unloading of ligand. The second, larger loop is at the opposite end of the molecule and has no equivalent in any iLBP structure yet determined. As-p18 preferentially binds a single 18-carbon fatty acid ligand in its central cavity but in an orientation that differs from iLBPs. The unusual structural features of nemFABPs may relate to resourcing of developing embryos of nematodes.
Collapse
|
29
|
New Aspects of Vitamin K Research with Synthetic Ligands: Transcriptional Activity via SXR and Neural Differentiation Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123006. [PMID: 31226734 PMCID: PMC6627468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is classified into three homologs depending on the side-chain structure, with 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoqumone as the basic skeleton. These homologs are vitamin K1 (phylloquinone: PK), derived from plants with a phythyl side chain; vitamin K2 (menaquinone-n: MK-n), derived from intestinal bacteria with an isoprene side chain; and vitamin K3 (menadione: MD), a synthetic product without a side chain. Vitamin K homologs have physiological effects, including in blood coagulation and in osteogenic activity via γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are used clinically. Recent studies have revealed that vitamin K homologs are converted to MK-4 by the UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (UBIAD1) in vivo and accumulate in all tissues. Although vitamin K is considered to have important physiological effects, its precise activities and mechanisms largely remain unclear. Recent research on vitamin K has suggested various new roles, such as transcriptional activity as an agonist of steroid and xenobiotic nuclear receptor and differentiation-inducing activity in neural stem cells. In this review, we describe synthetic ligands based on vitamin K and exhibit that the strength of biological activity can be controlled by modification of the side chain part.
Collapse
|
30
|
Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ochiai A, Kuroda K, Ozaki R, Ikemoto Y, Murakami K, Muter J, Matsumoto A, Itakura A, Brosens JJ, Takeda S. Resveratrol inhibits decidualization by accelerating downregulation of the CRABP2-RAR pathway in differentiating human endometrial stromal cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:276. [PMID: 30894514 PMCID: PMC6427032 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy critically depends on the transformation of the human endometrium into a decidual matrix that controls embryo implantation and placenta formation, a process driven foremost by differentiation and polarization of endometrial stromal cells into mature and senescent decidual cells. Perturbations in the decidual process underpin a spectrum of prevalent reproductive disorders, including implantation failure and early pregnancy loss, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic interventions. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol, widely used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Using primary human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) cultures, we demonstrate that resveratrol has anti-deciduogenic properties, repressing not only the induction of the decidual marker genes PRL and IGFBP1 but also abrogating decidual senescence. Knockdown of Sirtuin 1, a histone deacetylase activated by resveratrol, restored the expression of IGFBP1 but not the induction of PRL or senescence markers in decidualizing HESCs, suggesting involvement of other pathways. We demonstrate that resveratrol interferes with the reprogramming of the retinoic acid signaling pathway in decidualizing HESCs by accelerating down-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Notably, knockdown of CRABP2 or RAR in HESCs was sufficient to recapitulate the anti-deciduogenic effects of resveratrol. Thus, while resveratrol has been advanced as a potential fertility drug, our results indicate it may have detrimental effects on embryo implantation by interfering with decidual remodeling of the endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Implantation Research, Sugiyama Clinic Shinjuku, Tokyo, 116-0023, Japan.
| | - Rie Ozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikemoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keisuke Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Joanne Muter
- The Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jan J Brosens
- The Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Girardi CS, Rostirolla DC, Lini FJM, Brum PO, Delgado J, Ribeiro CT, Teixeira AA, Peixoto DO, Heimfarth L, Kunzler A, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Nuclear RXRα and RXRβ receptors exert distinct and opposite effects on RA-mediated neuroblastoma differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:317-328. [PMID: 30529222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) promotes differentiation in multiple neurogenic cell types by promoting gene reprogramming through retinoid receptors and also by inducing cytosolic signaling events. The nuclear RXR receptors are one of the main mediators of RA cellular effects, classically by joining the direct receptors of RA, the nuclear RAR receptors, in RAR/RXR dimers which act as transcription factors. Distinct RXR genes lead to RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ subtypes, but their specific roles in neuronal differentiation remain unclear. We firstly investigated both RXRs and RARs expression profiles during RA-mediated neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, and found varying levels of retinoid receptors transcript and protein contents along the process. In order to understand the roles of the expression of distinct RXR subtypes to RA signal transduction, we performed siRNA-mediated silencing of RXRα and RXRβ during the first stages of SH-SY5Y differentiation. Our results showed that RXRα is required for RA-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, since its silencing compromised cell cycle arrest and prevented the upregulation of neuronal markers and the adoption of neuronal morphology. Besides, silencing of RXRα affected the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. By contrast, silencing of RXRβ improved neurite extension and led to increased expression of tau and synaptophysin, suggesting that RXRβ may negatively regulate neuronal parameters related to neurite outgrowth and function. Our results indicate distinct functions for RXR subtypes during RA-dependent neuronal differentiation and reveal new perspectives for studying such receptors as clinical targets in therapies aiming at restoring neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Saibro Girardi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Diana Carolina Rostirolla
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Janini Mota Lini
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ozorio Brum
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Delgado
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiefensee Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alexsander Alves Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oppermann Peixoto
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alice Kunzler
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang B, Nie W, Fu X, de Avila JM, Ma Y, Zhu MJ, Maquivar M, Parish SM, Busboom JR, Nelson ML, Du M. Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle growth and increases oxidative muscle fibers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:82. [PMID: 30459947 PMCID: PMC6236944 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), are important regulators of cell differentiation and organ morphogenesis. Its impact on beef cattle muscle growth remains undefined. Method Angus steer calves were administrated with 0 (control) or 150,000 IU vitamin A (retinyl palmitate in glycerol, i.m.) per calf at birth and 1 month of age. At 2 months of age, a biopsy of the Biceps femoris muscle was obtained to analyze the immediate effects of vitamin A injection on myogenic capacity of muscle cells. The resulting steers were harvested at 14 months of age. Results Vitamin A administration increased cattle growth at 2 months. At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG. Muscle derived mononuclear cells were further isolated and induced myogenesis in vitro. More myotubes and a higher degree of myogenesis was observed in vitamin A groups. Consistently, vitamin A increased Latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle fiber size at harvest. In addition, vitamin A increased the ratio of oxidative type I and type IIA fibers and reduced the glycolic type IIX fibers. Furthermore, we found that RA, a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, activated PPARGC1A promoter, which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1A in skeletal muscle. Conclusion Vitamin A administration to neonatal calves enhanced postnatal muscle growth by promoting myogenesis and increasing satellite cell density, accompanied with a shift to oxidative muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China.,2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Wei Nie
- 1State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China.,2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Xing Fu
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.,3Department of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Yannan Ma
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- 5School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Martin Maquivar
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Steven M Parish
- 6College of Veterinary Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Jan R Busboom
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Mark L Nelson
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Min Du
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao H, Zuo X, Ren L, Li Y, Tai H, Du J, Xie X, Zhang X, Han Y, Wu Y, Yang C, Xu Z, Hong H, Li S, Su B. Combined use of bFGF/EGF and all-trans-retinoic acid cooperatively promotes neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in neural stem cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:61-68. [PMID: 30300683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) as sources of new neurons in brain injuries or diseases are required to not only elicit neurons for neuronal repair, but also to enhance neurite outgrowth for neuronal network reestablishment. Various trophic or chemotropic factors have been shown to cooperatively improve NSC neurogenesis. However, effects of combined treatment of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) with GF (Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, bFGF/EGF) on neurogenesis of NSCs are poorly understood. To address this question, NSCs were isolated from the forebrains of embryonic mice, and treated with GF and RA either alone or in combination for differentiation in vitro. Neurons and astrocytes differentiated from NSCs were stained for MAP2 and GFAP separately by immunofluorescence. The results indicated that GF displayed superior efficacy in promoting neuronal differentiation, and RA showed better efficacy in advancing neurite outgrowth by increasing both neurite length and number. In addition, higher differentiation efficiency of neurons to astrocytes in RA or GF, or both acted at the early stage. However, more importantly, compared with RA alone, GF and RA in combination enhanced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the combined use of GF and RA increased the length and number of neurites compared with GF, as well as the relative expression level of Smurf1. In addition, astrocytes induced by GF, RA, or both exhibited a radial glia-like morphology with long processes differing from serum effects, which might in part attribute to the total numbers of neurons. These findings for the first time unveil the roles of combined use of GF and RA on the neurogenesis of NSCs, suggesting that the use of this combination could be a comprehensive strategy for the functional repair of the nervous system through promoting neuronal differentiation, and advancing neurite outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhao
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Zuo
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyi Ren
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoran Tai
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jipei Du
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemin Xie
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Han
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Wu
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Huarong Hong
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Shurong Li
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bingyin Su
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Medical College Infertility Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Differentiation enhances Zika virus infection of neuronal brain cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14543. [PMID: 30266962 PMCID: PMC6162312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne pathogen associated with a widespread 2015–2016 epidemic in the Western Hemisphere and a proven cause of microcephaly and other fetal brain defects in infants born to infected mothers. ZIKV infections have been also linked to other neurological illnesses in infected adults and children, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and meningoencephalitis, but the viral pathophysiology behind those conditions remains poorly understood. Here we investigated ZIKV infectivity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, both undifferentiated and following differentiation with retinoic acid. We found that multiple ZIKV strains, representing both the prototype African and contemporary Asian epidemic lineages, were able to replicate in SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiation with resultant expression of mature neuron markers increased infectivity in these cells, and the extent of infectivity correlated with degree of differentiation. New viral particles in infected cells were visualized by electron microscopy and found to be primarily situated inside vesicles; overt damage to the Golgi apparatus was also observed. Enhanced ZIKV infectivity in a neural cell line following differentiation may contribute to viral neuropathogenesis in the developing or mature central nervous system.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma W, Jin GW, Gehret PM, Chada NC, Suh WH. A Novel Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030048. [PMID: 29987263 PMCID: PMC6163344 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a bioactive lipid that has been shown to promote neural stem cell differentiation. However, the highly hydrophobic molecule needs to first solubilize and translocate across the cell membrane in order to exert a biological response. The cell entry of RA can be aided by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), which are short amino acid sequences that are able to carry bioactive cargo past the cell membrane. In this work, a novel cell penetrating peptide was developed to deliver RA to human neural stem cells and, subsequently, promote neuronal differentiation. The novel CPP consists of a repeating sequence, whose number of repeats is proportional to the efficiency of cell penetration. Using fluorescence microscopy, the mode of translocation was determined to be related to an endocytic pathway. The levels of β-III tubulin (Tubb3) and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression in neural stem cells treated with RA conjugated to the CPP were assessed by quantitative immunocytochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Geun-Woo Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Paul M Gehret
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Neil C Chada
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Won Hyuk Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
D'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Castelli V, Catanesi M, Moorthy N, Iannotta D, Cimini A, Benedetti E. PPARs and Energy Metabolism Adaptation during Neurogenesis and Neuronal Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071869. [PMID: 29949869 PMCID: PMC6073366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, belonging to the superfamily of receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones, retinoids, and vitamin D. PPARs control the expression of several genes connected with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and it has been demonstrated that PPARs play important roles in determining neural stem cell (NSC) fate. Lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis support the rapid proliferation during neurogenesis, and specific roles for PPARs in the control of different phases of neurogenesis have been demonstrated. Understanding the changes in metabolism during neuronal differentiation is important in the context of stem cell research, neurodegenerative diseases, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we will discuss pivotal evidence that supports the role of PPARs in energy metabolism alterations during neuronal maturation and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele D'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - NandhaKumar Moorthy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ju J, Wang N, Wang J, Wu F, Ge J, Chen F. 4-Amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells by independently regulating CRABP2 and FABP5. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:997-1008. [PMID: 29731607 PMCID: PMC5927060 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-Amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate (ATPR), a novel retinoid derivative, inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation in many cancer cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of ATPR on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer (BC) cells, and the relationship between ATPR and the expression of the intracellular lipid-binding proteins CRABP2 and FABP5 were investigated. METHODS CRABP2 and FABP5 expression was evaluated in infiltrating breast-infiltrating ductal carcinoma(BIDC) and benign breast fibroma (BBF) by immunohistochemistry and in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MDA-MB-453 cells by immunofluorescence. The inhibition of proliferation by ATPR in these cells was detected by MTT. After downregulation and upregulation of CRABP2 and FABP5 in MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells using siRNA and plasmids, the effect of ATPR on proliferation was detected by MTT and real-time cell analysis, and the effects of ATPR on the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected using a Boyden chamber assay and a wound healing assay. RESULTS CRABP2 expression was moderately or strongly positive in BIDC and BBF. FABP5 expression was also moderately or strongly positive in BIDC, but weakly positive or negative in BBF. CRABP2 and FABP5 were highly expressed in MCF-7 cells, moderately expressed in MDA-MB-453 cells, and weakly expressed in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells. ATPR inhibited proliferation more strongly in MCF-7 cells than in other cells. The inhibition of proliferation by ATPR depended on an increase in CRABP2, but not FABP5 expression. A decrease in FABP5 could inhibit the invasion and migration of BC cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that ATPR might inhibit proliferation by upregulating CRABP2, and inhibit invasion and migration by downregulating FABP5 in BC cells. These findings may facilitate the use of differentiation therapy in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu M, Han X, Liu R, Li Y, Qi C, Yang Z, Zhao C, Gao J. PDK1 Deficit Impairs the Development of the Dentate Gyrus in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1185-1198. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen Q, Yasmeen R, Marbourg J, Xu L, Yu L, Fadda P, Flechtner A, Lee LJ, Popovich PG, Ziouzenkova O. Induction of innervation by encapsulated adipocytes with engineered vitamin A metabolism. Transl Res 2018; 192:1-14. [PMID: 29144959 PMCID: PMC5811336 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innervation is a fundamental basis for function and survival of tissues. In the peripheral tissues, degenerative diseases create a neurotoxic metabolic milieu that either causes neurodegeneration or fails to sustain regenerative growth and reinnervation of injured/diseased tissues. Encapsulation of cells producing neurotrophic factors can augment axon growth and neuron survival; however, sustained innervation in vivo requires a combination of factors promoting axon growth and guidance pathway that are released in a tissue-specific context. Using novel encapsulation techniques and genetic tools, we manipulated retinoic acid-generating enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) in adipocytes that are capable of promoting growth and innervation of white adipose tissue by sympathetic neurons. Aldh1a1-/- adipocytes secrete molecules that regulate axon guidance and markedly stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Based on studies with natural and synthetic RAR agonists and antagonists, gene microarray and nanostring arrays, we concluded that ephrin A5/ephrin A4 is a downstream pathway regulated by Aldh1a1. Encapsulation of Aldh1a1-/- adipocytes into alginate poly-L-lysine microcapsules induced functional innervation of adipose tissue in obese wild-type mice. We propose that encapsulated Aldh1a1-/- adipocytes could provide a therapeutic solution for the reinnervation of damaged tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rumana Yasmeen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica Marbourg
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Nucleic Acid Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alan Flechtner
- Histology and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - L James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Multiple binding and transport proteins facilitate many aspects of retinoid biology through effects on retinoid transport, cellular uptake, metabolism, and nuclear delivery. These include the serum retinol binding protein sRBP (aka Rbp4), the plasma membrane sRBP receptor Stra6, and the intracellular retinoid binding-proteins such as cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid binding-proteins (CRABP). sRBP transports the highly lipophilic retinol through an aqueous medium. The major intracellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP1, likely enhances efficient retinoid use by providing a sink to facilitate retinol uptake from sRBP through the plasma membrane or via Stra6, delivering retinol or retinal to select enzymes that generate retinyl esters or retinoic acid, and protecting retinol/retinal from excess catabolism or opportunistic metabolism. Intracellular retinoic acid binding-proteins (CRABP1 and 2, and FABP5) seem to have more diverse functions distinctive to each, such as directing retinoic acid to catabolism, delivering retinoic acid to specific nuclear receptors, and generating non-canonical actions. Gene ablation of intracellular retinoid binding-proteins does not cause embryonic lethality or gross morphological defects. Metabolic and functional defects manifested in knockouts of CRBP1, CRBP2 and CRBP3, however, illustrate their essentiality to health, and in the case of CRBP2, to survival during limited dietary vitamin A. Future studies should continue to address the specific molecular interactions that occur between retinoid binding-proteins and their targets and their precise physiologic contributions to retinoid homeostasis and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Napoli
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, 119 Morgan Hall, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 at the Blood-Brain Barrier Regulates Endogenous Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels and Cognitive Function. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11755-11767. [PMID: 27852782 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1583-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) at the blood-brain barrier contributes to the brain uptake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a blood-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for maintenance of cognitive function. Given the importance of DHA in cognition, the aim of this study was to investigate whether deletion of FABP5 results in cognitive dysfunction and whether this is associated with reduced brain endothelial cell uptake of exogenous DHA and subsequent attenuation in the brain levels of endogenous DHA. Cognitive function was assessed in male and female FABP5+/+ and FABP5-/- mice using a battery of memory paradigms. FABP5-/- mice exhibited impaired working memory and short-term memory, and these cognitive deficits were associated with a 14.7 ± 5.7% reduction in endogenous brain DHA levels. The role of FABP5 in the blood-brain barrier transport of DHA was assessed by measuring 14C-DHA uptake into brain endothelial cells and capillaries isolated from FABP5+/+ and FABP5-/- mice. In line with a crucial role of FABP5 in the brain uptake of DHA, 14C-DHA uptake into brain endothelial cells and brain capillaries of FABP5-/- mice was reduced by 48.4 ± 14.5% and 14.0 ± 4.2%, respectively, relative to those of FABP5+/+ mice. These results strongly support the hypothesis that FABP5 is essential for maintaining brain endothelial cell uptake of DHA, and that cognitive deficits observed in FABP5-/- mice are associated with reduced CNS access of DHA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genetic deletion of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) in mice reduces uptake of exogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain endothelial cells and brain capillaries and reduces brain parenchymal levels of endogenous DHA. Therefore, FABP5 in the brain endothelial cell is a crucial contributor to the brain levels of DHA. Critically, lowered brain DHA levels in FABP5-/- mice occurred in tandem with cognitive deficits in a battery of memory paradigms. This study provides evidence of a critical role for FABP5 in the maintenance of cognitive function via regulating the brain uptake of DHA, and suggests that upregulation of FABP5 in neurodegenerative diseases, where brain DHA levels are possibly diminished (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), may provide a novel therapeutic approach for restoring cognitive function.
Collapse
|
43
|
Retinoic acid regulates cell-shape and -death of E-FABP (FABP5)-immunoreactive septoclasts in the growth plate cartilage of mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:229-238. [PMID: 28500502 PMCID: PMC5539264 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Septoclasts, which are mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells with many processes, have been considered to resorb the transverse septa of the growth plate (GP) cartilage at the chondro-osseous junction (COJ). We previously reported the expression of epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) and localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ, which mediates the cell survival or proliferation, in septoclasts. On the other hand, retinoic acid (RA) can bind to E-FABP and is stored abundantly in the GP cartilage. From these information, it is possible to hypothesize that RA in the GP is incorporated into septoclasts during the cartilage resorption and regulates the growth and/or death of septoclasts. To clarify the mechanism of the cartilage resorption induced by RA, we administered an overdose of RA or its precursor vitamin A (VA)-deficient diet to young mice. In mice of both RA excess and VA deficiency, septoclasts decreased in the number and cell size in association with shorter and lesser processes than those in normal mice, suggesting a substantial suppression of resorption by septoclasts in the GP cartilage. Lack of PPARβ/δ-expression, TUNEL reaction, RA receptor (RAR)β, and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)-II were induced in E-FABP-positive septoclasts under RA excess, suggesting the growth arrest/cell-death of septoclasts, whereas cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) inducing the cell growth arrest or morphological changes was induced in septoclasts under VA deficiency. These results support and do not conflict with our hypothesis, suggesting that endogenous RA in the GP is possibly incorporated in septoclasts and utilized to regulate the activity of septoclasts resorbing the GP cartilage.
Collapse
|
44
|
New Insights Into the Roles of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Nervous System Development and the Establishment of Neurotransmitter Systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 330:1-84. [PMID: 28215529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Secreted chiefly from the underlying mesoderm, the morphogen retinoic acid (RA) is well known to contribute to the specification, patterning, and differentiation of neural progenitors in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Furthermore, RA influences the subtype identity and neurotransmitter phenotype of subsets of maturing neurons, although relatively little is known about how these functions are mediated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles played by RA signaling during the formation of the central and peripheral nervous systems of vertebrates and highlights its effects on the differentiation of several neurotransmitter systems. In addition, the evolutionary history of the RA signaling system is discussed, revealing both conserved properties and alternate modes of RA action. It is proposed that comparative approaches should be employed systematically to expand our knowledge of the context-dependent cellular mechanisms controlled by the multifunctional signaling molecule RA.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tan NS, Vázquez-Carrera M, Montagner A, Sng MK, Guillou H, Wahli W. Transcriptional control of physiological and pathological processes by the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:98-122. [PMID: 27665713 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 138673, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zanni G, Di Martino E, Omelyanenko A, Andäng M, Delle U, Elmroth K, Blomgren K. Lithium increases proliferation of hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells and rescues irradiation-induced cell cycle arrest in vitro. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37083-97. [PMID: 26397227 PMCID: PMC4741917 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy in children causes debilitating cognitive decline, partly linked to impaired neurogenesis. Irradiation targets primarily cancer cells but also endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) leading to cell death or cell cycle arrest. Here we evaluated the effects of lithium on proliferation, cell cycle and DNA damage after irradiation of young NSPCs in vitro. NSPCs were treated with 1 or 3 mM LiCl and we investigated proliferation capacity (neurosphere volume and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation). Using flow cytometry, we analysed apoptosis (annexin V), cell cycle (propidium iodide) and DNA damage (γH2AX) after irradiation (3.5 Gy) of lithium-treated NSPCs. Lithium increased BrdU incorporation and, dose-dependently, the number of cells in replicative phase as well as neurosphere growth. Irradiation induced cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2/M phases. Treatment with 3 mM LiCl was sufficient to increase NSPCs in S phase, boost neurosphere growth and reduce DNA damage. Lithium did not affect the levels of apoptosis, suggesting that it does not rescue NSPCs committed to apoptosis due to accumulated DNA damage. Lithium is a very promising candidate for protection of the juvenile brain from radiotherapy and for its potential to thereby improve the quality of life for those children who survive their cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zanni
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Di Martino
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Omelyanenko
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Andäng
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulla Delle
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kecke Elmroth
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gaveglio VL, Pascual AC, Giusto NM, Pasquaré SJ. Age-related changes in retinoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid modulation in nuclear lipid metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 604:121-7. [PMID: 27355428 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study how age-related changes could modify several enzymatic activities that regulate lipid mediator levels in nuclei from rat cerebellum and how these changes are modulated by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The higher phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity and lower diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) activity observed in aged animals compared with adults could augment diacylglycerol (DAG) availability in the former. Additionally, monoacylglycerol (MAG) availability could be high due to an increase in lysophosphatidate phosphohydrolase (LPAPase) activity and a decrease in monocylglycerol lipase activity. Interestingly, RA, DHA and AA were observed to modulate these enzymatic activities and this modulation was found to change in aged rats. In adult nuclei, whereas RA led to high DAG and MAG production through inhibition of their hydrolytic enzymes, DHA and AA promoted high MAG production by LPAPase and DAGL stimulation. In contrast, in aged nuclei RA caused high MAG generation whereas DHA and AA diminished it through LPAPase activity modulation. These results demonstrate that aging promotes a different nuclear lipid metabolism as well as a different type of non-genomic regulation by RA, DHA and AA, which could be involved in nuclear signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Gaveglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana C Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Norma M Giusto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Susana J Pasquaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4612306. [PMID: 27559343 PMCID: PMC4983391 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive functions may be altered by the exposure to a multitude of endogenous and exogenous agents, drug or environmental pollutants, which are known to affect gene transcription through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation. PPARs act as ligand activated transcription factors and regulate metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and cell proliferation and differentiation. All PPARs isotypes are expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are strictly involved in reproductive functions. Since female fertility and energy metabolism are tightly interconnected, the research on female infertility points towards the exploration of potential PPARs activating/antagonizing compounds, mainly belonging to the class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and fibrates, as useful agents for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in women with ovarian dysfunctions. In the present review, we discuss the recent evidence about PPARs expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and their involvement in female reproduction. Finally, the therapeutic potential of their manipulation through several drugs is also discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
A Flavonoid Compound Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells via PPAR-β Modulating Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157747. [PMID: 27315062 PMCID: PMC4912105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known regarding mitochondrial metabolism in neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. By using a small molecule, present research has investigated the pattern of cellular energy metabolism in neural progenitor cells derived from mouse ES cells. Flavonoid compound 4a faithfully facilitated ES cells to differentiate into neurons morphologically and functionally. The expression and localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were examined in neural progenitor cells. PPAR-β expression showed robust upregulation compared to solvent control. Treatment with PPAR-β agonist L165041 alone or together with compound 4a significantly promoted neuronal differentiation, while antagonist GSK0660 blocked the neurogenesis-promoting effect of compound 4a. Consistently, knockdown of PPAR-β in ES cells abolished compound 4a-induced neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, we found that mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn2 was also abolished by sh-PPAR-β, resulting in abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]M) transients as well as impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. In conclusion, we demonstrated that by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism through Mfn2 and mitochondrial Ca2+, PPAR-β took an important role in neuronal differentiation induced by flavonoid compound 4a.
Collapse
|
50
|
Courtney R, Landreth GE. LXR Regulation of Brain Cholesterol: From Development to Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:404-414. [PMID: 27113081 PMCID: PMC4986614 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are master regulators of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). The brain, which contains a disproportionately large amount of the body's total cholesterol (∼25%), requires a complex and delicately balanced cholesterol metabolism to maintain neuronal function. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism has been implicated in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Due to their cholesterol-sensing and anti-inflammatory activities, LXRs are positioned centrally in the everyday maintenance of CNS function. This review focuses on recent research into the role of LXRs in the CNS during normal development and homeostasis and in disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Courtney
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|