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Liu D, Bhunia AK. Anchorless Bacterial Moonlighting Metabolic Enzymes Modulate the Immune System and Contribute to Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 39066728 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins (MPs), characterized by their ability to perform multiple physiologically unrelated functions without alterations to their primary structures, represent a fascinating class of biomolecules with significant implications for host-pathogen interactions. This Review highlights the emerging importance of metabolic moonlighting proteins (MetMPs) in bacterial pathogenesis, focusing on their non-canonical secretion and unconventional surface anchoring mechanisms. Despite lacking typical signal peptides and anchoring motifs, MetMPs such as acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are secreted and localized to the bacterial surface under stress conditions, facilitating host colonization and immune evasion. The secretion of MetMPs, often observed during conditions such as resource scarcity or infection, suggests a complex regulation akin to the overexpression of heat shock proteins in response to environmental stresses. This Review proposes two potential pathways for MetMP secretion: membrane damage-induced permeability and co-transportation with traditionally secreted proteins, highlighting a remarkable bacterial adaptability. Biophysically, surface anchoring of MetMPs is driven by electrostatic interactions, bypassing the need for conventional anchoring sequences. This mechanism is exemplified by the interaction between the bifunctional enzyme AdhE (known as Listeria adhesion protein, LAP) and the internalin B (InlB) in Listeria monocytogenes, which is mediated by charged residues facilitating adhesion to host tissues. Furthermore, MetMPs play critical roles in iron homeostasis, immune modulation, and evasion, underscoring their multifaceted roles in bacterial pathogenicity. The intricate dynamics of MetMP secretion and anchoring underline the need for further research to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes, offering potential new targets for therapeutic intervention against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Xing Y, Zhang D, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Wu D, Liu X, Wang X, Min W. Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:3580. [PMID: 37835232 PMCID: PMC10572247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which is critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend the body against external pathogens. Many components of this pathway are expressed throughout the brain and play a beneficial role in synaptic pruning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the aging or injured brain may play a contributing role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Complement Component 1q (C1q), an initiating recognition molecule of the classical complement pathway, can interact with a variety of ligands and perform a range of functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the CNS. This review considers the function and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C1q; the emerging role of C1q on synaptic pruning in developing, aging, or pathological CNS; the relevance of C1q; the complement pathway to neurodegenerative diseases; and, finally, it summarizes the foods with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases via C1q and complement pathway and highlights the need for further research to clarify these roles. This paper aims to provide references for the subsequent study of food functions related to C1q, complement, neurodegenerative diseases, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Navas-Yuste S, de la Paz K, Querol-García J, Gómez-Quevedo S, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. The structure of Leptospira interrogans GAPDH sheds light into an immunoevasion factor that can target the anaphylatoxin C5a of innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190943. [PMID: 37409124 PMCID: PMC10318897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected worldwide zoonosis involving farm animals and domestic pets caused by the Gram-negative spirochete Leptospira interrogans. This bacterium deploys a variety of immune evasive mechanisms, some of them targeted at the complement system of the host's innate immunity. In this work, we have solved the X-ray crystallographic structure of L. interrogans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to 2.37-Å resolution, a glycolytic enzyme that has been shown to exhibit moonlighting functions that potentiate infectivity and immune evasion in various pathogenic organisms. Besides, we have characterized the enzyme's kinetic parameters toward the cognate substrates and have proven that the two natural products anacardic acid and curcumin are able to inhibit L. interrogans GAPDH at micromolar concentration through a noncompetitive inhibition modality. Furthermore, we have established that L. interrogans GAPDH can interact with the anaphylatoxin C5a of human innate immunity in vitro using bio-layer interferometry and a short-range cross-linking reagent that tethers free thiol groups in protein complexes. To shed light into the interaction between L. interrogans GAPDH and C5a, we have also carried out cross-link guided protein-protein docking. These results suggest that L. interrogans could be placed in the growing list of bacterial pathogens that exploit glycolytic enzymes as extracellular immune evasive factors. Analysis of the docking results indicates a low affinity interaction that is consistent with previous evidence, including known binding modes of other α-helical proteins with GAPDH. These findings allow us to propose L. interrogans GAPDH as a potential immune evasive factor targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navas-Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla de la Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Quevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Platt MP, Lin YH, Penix T, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Vashee I, Mares CA, Rosch JW, Yu Y, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. A multiomics analysis of direct interkingdom dynamics between influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae uncovers host-independent changes to bacterial virulence fitness. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011020. [PMID: 36542660 PMCID: PMC9815659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For almost a century, it has been recognized that influenza A virus (IAV) infection can promote the development of secondary bacterial infections (SBI) mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Recent observations have shown that IAV is able to directly bind to the surface of Spn. To gain a foundational understanding of how direct IAV-Spn interaction alters bacterial biological fitness we employed combinatorial multiomic and molecular approaches. RESULTS Here we show IAV significantly remodels the global transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome profiles of Spn independently of host effectors. We identified Spn surface proteins that interact with IAV proteins (hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and neuraminidase). In addition, IAV was found to directly modulate expression of Spn virulence determinants such as pneumococcal surface protein A, pneumolysin, and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance among many others. Metabolic pathways were significantly altered leading to changes in Spn growth rate. IAV was also found to drive Spn capsule shedding and the release of pneumococcal surface proteins. Released proteins were found to be involved in evasion of innate immune responses and actively reduced human complement hemolytic and opsonizing activity. IAV also led to phosphorylation changes in Spn proteins associated with metabolism and bacterial virulence. Validation of proteomic data showed significant changes in Spn galactose and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, supplementation with galactose rescued bacterial growth and promoted bacterial invasion, while glucose supplementation led to enhanced pneumolysin production and lung cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate that IAV can directly modulate Spn biology without the requirement of host effectors and support the notion that inter-kingdom interactions between human viruses and commensal pathobionts can promote bacterial pathogenesis and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann P. Platt
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trevor Penix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isha Vashee
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Mares
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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Song G, Wang S, Barkestani MN, Mullan C, Fan M, Jiang B, Jiang Q, Li X, Jane-wit D. Membrane attack complexes, endothelial cell activation, and direct allorecognition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020889. [PMID: 36211400 PMCID: PMC9539657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form a critical immune interface regulating both the activation and trafficking of alloreactive T cells. In the setting of solid organ transplantation, donor-derived ECs represent sites where alloreactive T cells encounter major and minor tissue-derived alloantigens. During this initial encounter, ECs may formatively modulate effector responses of these T cells through expression of inflammatory mediators. Direct allorecognition is a process whereby recipient T cells recognize alloantigen in the context of donor EC-derived HLA molecules. Direct alloresponses are strongly modulated by human ECs and are galvanized by EC-derived inflammatory mediators. Complement are immune proteins that mark damaged or foreign surfaces for immune cell activation. Following labeling by natural IgM during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) or IgG during antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), the complement cascade is terminally activated in the vicinity of donor-derived ECs to locally generate the solid-phase inflammatory mediator, the membrane attack complex (MAC). Via upregulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules, and cytokine trans-presentation, MAC strengthen EC:T cell direct alloresponses and qualitatively shape the alloimmune T cell response. These processes together promote T cell-mediated inflammation during solid organ transplant rejection. In this review we describe molecular pathways downstream of IgM- and IgG-mediated MAC assembly on ECs in the setting of IRI and ABMR of tissue allografts, respectively. We describe work demonstrating that MAC deposition on ECs generates ‘signaling endosomes’ that sequester and post-translationally enhance the stability of inflammatory signaling molecules to promote EC activation, a process potentiating EC-mediated direct allorecognition. Additionally, with consideration to first-in-human xenotransplantation procedures, we describe clinical therapeutics based on inhibition of the complement pathway. The complement cascade critically mediates EC activation and improved understanding of relevant effector pathways will uncover druggable targets to obviate dysregulated alloimmune T cell infiltration into tissue allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Song
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mahsa Nouri Barkestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Clancy Mullan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matthew Fan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Jane-wit
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Dan Jane-wit,
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Gil E, Noursadeghi M, Brown JS. Streptococcus pneumoniae interactions with the complement system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:929483. [PMID: 35967850 PMCID: PMC9366601 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.929483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate and adaptive immunity to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is critically dependent on the complement system, demonstrated by the high incidence of invasive S. pneumoniae infection in people with inherited deficiency of complement components. The complement system is activated by S. pneumoniae through multiple mechanisms. The classical complement pathway is activated by recognition of S. pneumoniae by C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P, C1q, SIGN-R1, or natural or acquired antibody. Some S. pneumoniae strains are also recognised by ficolins to activate the mannose binding lectin (MBL) activation pathway. Complement activation is then amplified by the alternative complement pathway, which can also be activated by S. pneumoniae directly. Complement activation results in covalent linkage of the opsonic complement factors C3b and iC3b to the S. pneumoniae surface which promote phagocytic clearance, along with complement-mediated immune adherence to erythrocytes, thereby protecting against septicaemia. The role of complement for mucosal immunity to S. pneumoniae is less clear. Given the major role of complement in controlling infection with S. pneumoniae, it is perhaps unsurprising that S. pneumoniae has evolved multiple mechanisms of complement evasion, including the capsule, multiple surface proteins, and the toxin pneumolysin. There is considerable variation between S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes and genotypes with regards to sensitivity to complement which correlates with ability to cause invasive infections. However, at present we only have a limited understanding of the main mechanisms causing variations in complement sensitivity between S. pneumoniae strains and to non-pathogenic streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Gil
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Eliza Gil,
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Joshi P, Mishra PKK. Functional Diversity of the Excretory/Secretory Proteins of Nematode Parasites. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:619-627. [PMID: 35113339 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parasites release a wide array of protein as excretory and secretory products (ESPs). Irrespective of their mode of propagation, ESPs are found to be secreted or excreted by both naturally occurring and laboratory-cultivated parasites. Mass spectrometry-based approaches have been extensively used to identify and characterize the ESP constituents. ESPs are involved in various cellular activities such as immune modulation, proteolysis, inhibition of proteases and protection of cells against oxidants. Specifically, their role in host immune evasion by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines attracts scientific attention. A thorough investigation of functional diversity of ESPs may be helpful in planning control strategies against many parasites. METHODS This review focuses on diversity of ES proteins, various approaches to identify them and discusses about the biochemical and functional aspects of such proteins. RESULTS The diverse array of proteins secreted or excreted (a, GST-1, acetylcholinesterase, GAPDH) by the parasites are also described emphasizing their role in cellular physiology. CONCLUSION Finally, it concludes by citing some of these proteins as potential therapeutic agents against helminth challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Joshi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India.
- Panchvati, Bijroli, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Prasanta Kumar K Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., 243122, India.
- Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, U.P., India.
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Gomes MT, Palasiewicz K, Gadiyar V, Lahey K, Calianese D, Birge RB, Ucker DS. Phosphatidylserine externalization by apoptotic cells is dispensable for specific recognition leading to innate apoptotic immune responses. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102034. [PMID: 35588784 PMCID: PMC9234239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface determinants newly expressed by apoptotic cells that are involved in triggering potent immunosuppressive responses, referred to as “innate apoptotic immunity (IAI)” have not been characterized fully. It is widely assumed, often implicitly, that phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid normally cloistered in the inner leaflet of cells and externalized specifically during apoptosis, is involved in triggering IAI, just as it plays an essential role in the phagocytic recognition of apoptotic cells. It is notable, however, that the triggering of IAI in responder cells is not dependent on the engulfment of apoptotic cells by those responders. Contact between the responder and the apoptotic target, on the other hand, is necessary to elicit IAI. Previously, we demonstrated that exposure of protease-sensitive determinants on the apoptotic cell surface are essential for initiating IAI responses; exposed glycolytic enzyme molecules were implicated in particular. Here, we report our analysis of the involvement of externalized phosphatidylserine in triggering IAI. To analyze the role of phosphatidylserine, we employed a panel of target cells that either externalized phosphatidylserine constitutively, independently of apoptosis, or did not, as well as their WT parental cells that externalized the phospholipid in an apoptosis-dependent manner. We found that the externalization of phosphatidylserine, which can be fully uncoupled from apoptosis, is neither sufficient nor necessary to trigger the profound immunomodulatory effects of IAI. These results reinforce the view that apoptotic immunomodulation and phagocytosis are dissociable and further underscore the significance of protein determinants localized to the cell surface during apoptosis in triggering innate apoptotic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta T Gomes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karol Palasiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Varsha Gadiyar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin Lahey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Calianese
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - David S Ucker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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9
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De Gaetano GV, Coppolino F, Lentini G, Famà A, Cullotta C, Raffaele I, Motta C, Teti G, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Beninati C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
binds collagens and C1q
via
the SSURE repeats of the PfbB adhesin. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:1479-1492. [PMID: 35570359 PMCID: PMC9328315 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding of Streptococcus pneumoniae to collagen is likely an important step in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infections, but little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Streptococcal surface repeats (SSURE) are highly conserved protein domains present in cell wall adhesins from different Streptococcus species. We find here that SSURE repeats of the pneumococcal adhesin plasminogen and fibronectin binding protein B (PfbB) bind to various types of collagen. Moreover, deletion of the pfbB gene resulted in a significant impairment of the ability of encapsulated or unencapsulated pneumococci to bind collagen. Notably, a PfbB SSURE domain is also bound to the complement component C1q that bears a collagen‐like domain and promotes adherence of pneumococci to host cells by acting as a bridge between bacteria and epithelial cells. Accordingly, deletion of PfbB or pre‐treatment with anti‐SSURE antibodies markedly decreased pneumococcal binding to C1q as well as C1q‐dependent adherence to epithelial and endothelial cells. Further data indicated that C1q promotes pneumococcal adherence by binding to integrin α2β1. In conclusion, our results indicate that the SSURE domains of the PfbB protein promote interactions of pneumococci with various types of collagen and with C1q. These repeats may be useful targets in strategies to control S. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Coppolino
- Department of BiomedicalDental and Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Germana Lentini
- Department of Human PathologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Agata Famà
- Department of Human PathologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Chiara Cullotta
- Department of Human PathologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Ivana Raffaele
- Department of Human PathologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Chiara Motta
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Concetta Beninati
- Department of Human PathologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
- Scylla Biotech SrlMessinaItaly
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10
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Chaudhary S, Patidar A, Dhiman A, Chaubey GK, Dilawari R, Talukdar S, Modanwal R, Raje M. Exposure of a specific pleioform of multifunctional glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase initiates CD14-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:892. [PMID: 34593755 PMCID: PMC8482365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes is crucial for organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and resolution of inflammation. This process is initiated by surface exposure of various 'eat me' ligands. Though phosphatidylserine (PS) is the best recognized general recognition ligand till date, recent studies have shown that PS by itself is not sufficient for clearance of apoptotic cells. In this study, we have identified a specific pleioform of GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) that functions as an 'eat me' signal on apoptotic cell surface. This specific form of GAPDH which is exposed on surface of apoptotic cells was found to interact with CD14 present on plasma membrane of phagocytes leading to their engulfment. This is the first study demonstrating the novel interaction between multifunctional GAPDH and the phagocytic receptor CD14 resulting in apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chaudhary
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | | | - Rahul Dilawari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sharmila Talukdar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Radheshyam Modanwal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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11
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AlQranei MS, Senbanjo LT, Aljohani H, Hamza T, Chellaiah MA. Lipopolysaccharide- TLR-4 Axis regulates Osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL/RANK signaling. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:23. [PMID: 33765924 PMCID: PMC7995782 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin and a vital component of gram-negative bacteria’s outer membrane. During gram-negative bacterial sepsis, LPS regulates osteoclast differentiation and activity, in addition to increasing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate how LPS regulates osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Results Herein, we revealed that RAW cells failed to differentiate into mature osteoclasts in vitro in the presence of LPS. However, differentiation occurred in cells primed with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) for 24 h and then treated with LPS for 48 h (henceforth, denoted as LPS-treated cells). In cells treated with either RANKL or LPS, an increase in membrane levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptor was observed. Mechanistically, an inhibitor of TLR4 (TAK-242) reduced the number of osteoclasts as well as the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-treated cells. RANKL-induced RAW cells secreted a very basal level TNF-α. TAK-242 did not affect RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Increased osteoclast differentiation in LPS-treated osteoclasts was not associated with the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis but connected with the LPS/TLR4/TNF-α tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-2 axis. We postulate that this is because TAK-242 and a TNF-α antibody suppress osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, an antibody against TNF-α reduced membrane levels of TNFR-2. Secreted TNF-α appears to function as an autocrine/ paracrine factor in the induction of osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL. Conclusion TNF-α secreted via LPS/TLR4 signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis in macrophages primed with RANKL and then treated with LPS. Our findings suggest that TLR4/TNF-α might be a potential target to suppress bone loss associated with inflammatory bone diseases, including periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00409-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S AlQranei
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Preventive Dental Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linda T Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics Sciences, King Saud University, School of Dentistry, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Therwa Hamza
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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12
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Enhancing the Stability of Haemonchus contortus Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Binding of Host Albumin to the Parasite Enzyme. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:980-984. [PMID: 32472399 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemonchus contortus is an economically important parasite of domestic animals. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) excreted in the ES product of H. contortus can be a promising vaccine candidate for controlling the parasite infection. Unfortunately, the parasite enzyme breaks down rapidly. The current study focusses on stabilizing the recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) of H. contortus. METHODS The rGAPDH was purified and stored in two different buffers (sodium phosphate + EDTA and bicarbonate-sodium chloride) to check the stability. The affinity of the parasite enzyme towards host serum (Goat) components was evaluated by affinity chromatography. The interacting component was identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Here, we report that the enzyme can be stabilized for at least 3 months if stored in bicarbonate-sodium chloride. This should facilitate testing of the enzyme in challenge trials. Additionally, we show that the parasite enzyme has affinity for host albumin; this interaction may have significance in host-parasite relationship. CONCLUSION The present study reports a combination of sodium bicarbonate (0.1 M) with 0.5 M sodium chloride as a suitable buffer to enhance the stability of H. contortus GAPDH.
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13
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Alvarez-Dominguez C, Salcines-Cuevas D, Teran-Navarro H, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Tobes R, Garcia I, Grijalvo S, Paradela A, Seoane A, Sangari FJ, Fresno M, Calvo-Montes J, Pérez Del Molino Bernal IC, Yañez-Diaz S. Epitopes for Multivalent Vaccines Against Listeria, Mycobacterium and Streptococcus spp: A Novel Role for Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:573348. [PMID: 33194812 PMCID: PMC7657268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.573348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme and bacterial virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, Lmo2459), ADP-ribosylated the small GTPase, Rab5a, and blocked phagosome maturation. This inhibitory activity localized within the NAD binding domain of GAPDH at the N-terminal 1–22 peptides, also conferred listeriosis protection when used in dendritic cell-based vaccines. In this study, we explore GAPDH of Listeria, Mycobacterium, and Streptococcus spp. taxonomic groups to search for epitopes that confer broad protection against pathogenic strains of these bacteria. GAPDH multivalent epitopes are selected if they induce inhibitory actions and wide-ranging immune responses. Proteomic isolation of GAPDH from dendritic cells infected with Listeria, Mycobacterium, or Streptococcus confirmed similar enzymatic, Rab5a inhibitory and immune stimulation abilities. We identified by bioinformatics and functional analyses GAPDH N-terminal 1–22 peptides from Listeria, Mycobacterium, and Streptococcus that shared 95% sequence homology, enzymatic activity, and B and T cell immune domains. Sera obtained from patients or mice infected with hypervirulent pathogenic Listeria, Mycobacterium, or Streptococcus presented high levels of anti-GAPDH 1–22 antibodies and Th2 cytokines. Monocyte derived dendritic cells from healthy donors loaded with GAPDH 1–22 peptides from Listeria, Mycobacterium, or Streptococcus showed activation patterns that correspond to cross-immunity abilities. In summary, GAPDH 1–22 peptides appeared as putative candidates to include in multivalent dendritic based vaccine platforms for Listeria, Mycobacterium, or Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Grupo de Oncología y Nanovacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - David Salcines-Cuevas
- Grupo de Oncología y Nanovacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Héctor Teran-Navarro
- Grupo de Oncología y Nanovacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Oncología y Nanovacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Garcia
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Asunción Seoane
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria (IBBTEC, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Felix J Sangari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria (IBBTEC, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Department of Molecular Biology, DIOMUNE S.L., Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo-Montes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Sonsoles Yañez-Diaz
- Grupo de Oncología y Nanovacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Cirugia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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14
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Schormann N, Campos J, Motamed R, Hayden KL, Gould JR, Green TJ, Senkovich O, Banerjee S, Ulett GC, Chattopadhyay D. Chlamydia trachomatis glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Enzyme kinetics, high-resolution crystal structure, and plasminogen binding. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2446-2458. [PMID: 33058314 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an evolutionarily conserved essential enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. GAPDH is also involved in a wide spectrum of non-catalytic cellular 'moonlighting' functions. Bacterial surface-associated GAPDHs engage in many host interactions that aid in colonization, pathogenesis, and virulence. We have structurally and functionally characterized the recombinant GAPDH of the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial and ocular infections. Contrary to earlier speculations, recent data confirm the presence of glucose-catabolizing enzymes including GAPDH in both stages of the biphasic life cycle of the bacterium. The high-resolution crystal structure described here provides a close-up view of the enzyme's active site and surface topology and reveals two chemically modified cysteine residues. Moreover, we show for the first time that purified C. trachomatis GAPDH binds to human plasminogen and plasmin. Based on the versatility of GAPDH's functions, data presented here emphasize the need for investigating the Chlamydiae GAPDH's involvement in biological functions beyond energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Schormann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Juan Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rachael Motamed
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine L Hayden
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph R Gould
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olga Senkovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Northeastern Collaborative Access Team and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Glen C Ulett
- School of Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands, Australia
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15
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The Minor Matrix Protein VP24 from Ebola Virus Lacks Direct Lipid-Binding Properties. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080869. [PMID: 32784484 PMCID: PMC7472063 DOI: 10.3390/v12080869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral protein 24 (VP24) from Ebola virus (EBOV) was first recognized as a minor matrix protein that associates with cellular membranes. However, more recent studies shed light on its roles in inhibiting viral genome transcription and replication, facilitating nucleocapsid assembly and transport, and interfering with immune responses in host cells through downregulation of interferon (IFN)-activated genes. Thus, whether VP24 is a peripheral protein with lipid-binding ability for matrix layer recruitment has not been explored. Here, we examined the lipid-binding ability of VP24 with a number of lipid-binding assays. The results indicated that VP24 lacked the ability to associate with lipids tested regardless of VP24 posttranslational modifications. We further demonstrate that the presence of the EBOV major matrix protein VP40 did not promote VP24 membrane association in vitro or in cells. Further, no protein–protein interactions between VP24 and VP40 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Confocal imaging and cellular membrane fractionation analyses in human cells suggested VP24 did not specifically localize at the plasma membrane inner leaflet. Overall, we provide evidence that EBOV VP24 is not a lipid-binding protein and its presence in the viral matrix layer is likely not dependent on direct lipid interactions.
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16
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Kopeckova M, Pavkova I, Stulik J. Diverse Localization and Protein Binding Abilities of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Pathogenic Bacteria: The Key to its Multifunctionality? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:89. [PMID: 32195198 PMCID: PMC7062713 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial proteins exhibiting two or more unrelated functions, referred to as moonlighting proteins, are suggested to contribute to full virulence manifestation in pathogens. An expanding number of published studies have revealed the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to be a multitasking protein with virulence impact in a number of pathogenic bacteria. This protein can be detected on the bacterial surface or outside the bacterial cell, where it interacts with host proteins. In this way, GAPDH is able to modulate various pathogenic processes. Moreover, it has been shown to be involved in non-enzymatic processes inside the bacterial cell. In this mini review, we summarize main findings concerning the multiple localization and protein interactions of GAPDH derived from bacterial pathogens of humans. We also briefly discuss problems associated with using GAPDH as a vaccine antigen and endeavor to inspire further research to fill gaps in the existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeckova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ivona Pavkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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17
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Rajan P, Mishra PKK, Joshi P. Defining the complement C3 binding site and the antigenic region of Haemonchus contortus GAPDH. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12611. [PMID: 30548600 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an economically important parasite that survives the host defense system by modulating the immune response. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is secreted by the parasite and the host responds by producing anti-enzyme antibodies. The enzyme inhibits complement cascade, an arm of the innate immunity, by binding to complement C3. In this study, the C3 binding site and the antigenic region of the enzyme were identified by generating short recombinant fragments and deleting a defined region of the enzyme. Using these proteins in ligand overlay and plate binding assay, the C3 binding region of GAPDH was localized within the 38 residues represented by 77-114 amino acids whereas one of the antigenic regions was identified in between 77 and 171 amino acids. In addition, deletion of amino acids 77 to 171 from GAPDH (fragment AB) also showed weak immunogenicity but lacked C3 binding activity. Fragment D comprising 95 residues (77-171), had both the C3 binding activity as well as immunogenicity like the parent enzyme, also stimulated host peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. This truncated GAPDH moiety was stable at refrigerated temperature for at least 12 weeks and appears as a promising new therapeutic tool considering its longer shelf life as compared to the parent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Rajan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Prasanta K K Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Paritosh Joshi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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18
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Connors E, Soto-Dávila M, Hossain A, Vasquez I, Gnanagobal H, Santander J. Identification and validation of reliable Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida reference genes for differential gene expression analyses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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van den Broek B, van der Flier M, de Groot R, de Jonge MI, Langereis JD. Common Genetic Variants in the Complement System and their Potential Link with Disease Susceptibility and Outcome of Invasive Bacterial Infection. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:131-141. [PMID: 31269507 DOI: 10.1159/000500545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are pathogens that frequently colonize the nasopharynx in an asymptomatic manner but are also a cause of invasive bacterial infections mainly in young children. The complement system plays a crucial role in humoral immunity, complementing the ability of antibodies to clear microbes, thereby protecting the host against bacterial infections, including S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis. While it is widely accepted that complement deficiencies due to rare genetic variants increase the risk for invasive bacterial infection, not much is known about the common genetic variants in the complement system in relation to disease susceptibility. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects of common genetic variants on complement activation and on complement-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan van den Broek
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Flier
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Auto inflammation (REIA), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D Langereis
- Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, .,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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20
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Abstract
In the past decade, the field of the cellular microbiology of group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) infection has made tremendous advances and touched upon several important aspects of pathogenesis, including receptor biology, invasive and evasive phenomena, inflammasome activation, strain-specific autophagic bacterial killing, and virulence factor-mediated programmed cell death. The noteworthy aspect of S. pyogenes-mediated cell signaling is the recognition of the role of M protein in a variety of signaling events, starting with the targeting of specific receptors on the cell surface and on through the induction and evasion of NETosis, inflammasome, and autophagy/xenophagy to pyroptosis and apoptosis. Variations in reports on S. pyogenes-mediated signaling events highlight the complex mechanism of pathogenesis and underscore the importance of the host cell and S. pyogenes strain specificity, as well as in vitro/in vivo experimental parameters. The severity of S. pyogenes infection is, therefore, dependent on the virulence gene expression repertoire in the host environment and on host-specific dynamic signaling events in response to infection. Commonly known as an extracellular pathogen, S. pyogenes finds host macrophages as safe havens wherein it survives and even multiplies. The fact that endothelial cells are inherently deficient in autophagic machinery compared to epithelial cells and macrophages underscores the invasive nature of S. pyogenes and its ability to cause severe systemic diseases. S. pyogenes is still one of the top 10 causes of infectious mortality. Understanding the orchestration of dynamic host signaling networks will provide a better understanding of the increasingly complex mechanism of S. pyogenes diseases and novel ways of therapeutically intervening to thwart severe and often fatal infections.
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21
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Gómez S, Querol-García J, Sánchez-Barrón G, Subias M, González-Alsina À, Franco-Hidalgo V, Albertí S, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. The Antimicrobials Anacardic Acid and Curcumin Are Not-Competitive Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogenic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by a Mechanism Unrelated to Human C5a Anaphylatoxin Binding. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:326. [PMID: 30863383 PMCID: PMC6400076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous and highly abundant glycolytic enzyme D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is pivotal for the energy and carbon metabolism of most organisms, including human pathogenic bacteria. For bacteria that depend mostly on glycolysis for survival, GAPDH is an attractive target for inhibitor discovery. The availability of high-resolution structures of GAPDH from various pathogenic bacteria is central to the discovery of new antibacterial compounds. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of two new GAPDH enzymes from Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium perfringens. These two structures, and the recent structure of Atopobium vaginae GAPDH, reveal details in the active site that can be exploited for the design of novel inhibitors based on naturally occurring molecules. Two such molecules, anacardic acid and curcumin, have been found to counter bacterial infection in clinical settings, although the cellular targets responsible for their antimicrobial properties remain unknown. We show that both anacardic acid and curcumin inhibit GAPDH from two bacterial pathogens through uncompetitive and non-competitive mechanisms, suggesting GAPDH as a relevant pharmaceutical target for antibacterial development. Inhibition of GAPDH by anacardic acid and curcumin seems to be unrelated to the immune evasion function of pathogenic bacterial GAPDH, since neither natural compound interfere with binding to the human C5a anaphylatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gara Sánchez-Barrón
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Subias
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Àlex González-Alsina
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Albertí
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Cristina Vega
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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22
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The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase Complex Subunit PbGPI16 of Plasmodium berghei Is Important for Inducing Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00929-17. [PMID: 29784863 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00929-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal models of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), the glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) and GPI anchors are the major factors that induce nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and proinflammatory responses, which contribute to malaria pathogenesis. GPIs and GPI anchors are transported to the cell surface via a process called GPI transamidation, which involves the GPI transamidase (GPI-T) complex. In this study, we showed that GPI16, one of the GPI-T subunits, is highly conserved among Plasmodium species. Genetic knockout of pbgpi16 (Δpbgpi16) in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA led to a significant reduction of the amounts of GPIs in the membranes of merozoites, as well as surface display of several GPI-anchored merozoite surface proteins. Compared with the wild-type parasites, Δpbgpi16 parasites in C57BL/6 mice caused much less NF-κB activation and elicited a substantially attenuated T helper type 1 response. As a result, Δpbgpi16 mutant-infected mice displayed much less severe brain pathology, and considerably fewer Δpbgpi16 mutant-infected mice died from ECM. This study corroborated the GPI toxin as a significant inducer of ECM and further suggested that vaccines against parasite GPIs may be a promising strategy to limit the severity of malaria.
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23
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Kadam A, Eutsey RA, Rosch J, Miao X, Longwell M, Xu W, Woolford CA, Hillman T, Motib AS, Yesilkaya H, Mitchell AP, Hiller NL. Promiscuous signaling by a regulatory system unique to the pandemic PMEN1 pneumococcal lineage. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006339. [PMID: 28542565 PMCID: PMC5436883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of death and disease in children and elderly. Genetic variability among isolates from this species is high. These differences, often the product of gene loss or gene acquisition via horizontal gene transfer, can endow strains with new molecular pathways, diverse phenotypes, and ecological advantages. PMEN1 is a widespread and multidrug-resistant pneumococcal lineage. Using comparative genomics we have determined that a regulator-peptide signal transduction system, TprA2/PhrA2, was acquired by a PMEN1 ancestor and is encoded by the vast majority of strains in this lineage. We show that TprA2 is a negative regulator of a PMEN1-specific gene encoding a lanthionine-containing peptide (lcpA). The activity of TprA2 is modulated by its cognate peptide, PhrA2. Expression of phrA2 is density-dependent and its C-terminus relieves TprA2-mediated inhibition leading to expression of lcpA. In the pneumococcal mouse model with intranasal inoculation, TprA2 had no effect on nasopharyngeal colonization but was associated with decreased lung disease via its control of lcpA levels. Furthermore, the TprA2/PhrA2 system has integrated into the pneumococcal regulatory circuitry, as PhrA2 activates TprA/PhrA, a second regulator-peptide signal transduction system widespread among pneumococci. Extracellular PhrA2 can release TprA-mediated inhibition, activating expression of TprA-repressed genes in both PMEN1 cells as well as another pneumococcal lineage. Acquisition of TprA2/PhrA2 has provided PMEN1 isolates with a mechanism to promote commensalism over dissemination and control inter-strain gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Kadam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rory A. Eutsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Rosch
- Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Longwell
- Center of Excellence in Biofilm Research, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd Hillman
- Pittsburgh Ear Associates, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anfal Shakir Motib
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Yesilkaya
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron P. Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - N. Luisa Hiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center of Excellence in Biofilm Research, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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24
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Querol-García J, Fernández FJ, Marin AV, Gómez S, Fullà D, Melchor-Tafur C, Franco-Hidalgo V, Albertí S, Juanhuix J, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Regueiro JR, Vega MC. Crystal Structure of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from the Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogen A. vaginae, an Immunoevasive Factor that Interacts with the Human C5a Anaphylatoxin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:541. [PMID: 28443070 PMCID: PMC5385343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive anaerobic human pathogenic bacterium Atopobium vaginae causes most diagnosed cases of bacterial vaginosis as well as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. In addition to its well-established role in carbohydrate metabolism, D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae have been reported to act as extracellular virulence factors during streptococcal infections. Here, we report the crystal structure of GAPDH from A. vaginae (AvGAPDH) at 2.19 Å resolution. The refined model has a crystallographic Rfree of 22.6%. AvGAPDH is a homotetramer wherein each subunit is bound to a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) molecule. The AvGAPDH enzyme fulfills essential glycolytic as well as moonlight (non-glycolytic) functions, both of which might be targets of chemotherapeutic intervention. We report that AvGAPDH interacts in vitro with the human C5a anaphylatoxin and inhibits C5a-specific granulocyte chemotaxis, thereby suggesting the participation of AvGAPDH in complement-targeted immunoevasion in a context of infection. The availability of high-quality structures of AvGAPDH and other homologous virulence factors from Gram-positive pathogens is critical for drug discovery programs. In this study, sequence and structural differences between AvGAPDH and related bacterial and eukaryotic GAPDH enzymes are reported in an effort to understand how to subvert the immunoevasive properties of GAPDH and evaluate the potential of AvGAPDH as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Querol-García
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain.,Abvance Biotech srlMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana V Marin
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fullà
- ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Melchor-Tafur
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Franco-Hidalgo
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Integrated Protein Science for Biomedicine & Biotechnology and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
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25
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Sun X, Wang J, Zhou J, Wang H, Wang X, Wu J, He Y, Yin Y, Zhang X, Xu W. Subcutaneous immunization with Streptococcus pneumoniae GAPDH confers effective protection in mice via TLR2 and TLR4. Mol Immunol 2017; 83:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Andre GO, Converso TR, Politano WR, Ferraz LFC, Ribeiro ML, Leite LCC, Darrieux M. Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae Proteins in Evasion of Complement-Mediated Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28265264 PMCID: PMC5316553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of mechanisms that limit complement mediated opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis. This review focuses on the strategies employed by pneumococci to circumvent complement mediated immunity, both in vitro and in vivo. At last, since many of the proteins involved in interactions with complement components are vaccine candidates in different stages of validation, we explore the use of these antigens alone or in combination, as potential vaccine approaches that aim at elimination or drastic reduction in the ability of this bacterium to evade complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greiciely O Andre
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Converso
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter R Politano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Lucio F C Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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27
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Sun X, Tao L, Yi L, Ouyang Y, Xu N, Li D, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. N-glycans released from glycoproteins using a commercial kit and comprehensively analyzed with a hypothetical database. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:87-94. [PMID: 29404022 PMCID: PMC5686862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of proteins is responsible for their structural and functional roles in many cellular activities. This work describes a strategy that combines an efficient release, labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectral analysis with the use of a comprehensive database to analyze N-glycans. The analytical method described relies on a recently commercialized kit in which quick deglycosylation is followed by rapid labeling and cleanup of labeled glycans. This greatly improves the separation, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and fluorescence detection of N-glycans. A hypothetical database, constructed using GlycResoft, provides all compositional possibilities of N-glycans based on the common sugar residues found in N-glycans. In the initial version this database contains >8,700 N-glycans, and is compatible with MS instrument software and expandable. N-glycans from four different well-studied glycoproteins were analyzed by this strategy. The results provided much more accurate and comprehensive data than had been previously reported. This strategy was then used to analyze the N-glycans present on the membrane glycoproteins of gastric carcinoma cells with different degrees of differentiation. Accurate and comprehensive N-glycan data from those cells was obtained efficiently and their differences compared corresponding to their differentiation states. Thus, the novel strategy developed greatly improves accuracy, efficiency and comprehensiveness of N-glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Lin Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Naiyu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Duxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
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28
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Moreau C, Terrasse R, Thielens NM, Vernet T, Gaboriaud C, Di Guilmi AM. Deciphering Key Residues Involved in the Virulence-promoting Interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Human Plasminogen. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2217-2225. [PMID: 28011643 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens recruit circulating proteins to their own surfaces, co-opting the host protein functions as a mechanism of virulence. Particular attention has focused on the binding of plasminogen (Plg) to bacterial surfaces, as it has been shown that this interaction contributes to bacterial adhesion to host cells, invasion of host tissues, and evasion of the immune system. Several bacterial proteins are known to serve as receptors for Plg including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a cytoplasmic enzyme that appears on the cell surface in this moonlighting role. Although Plg typically binds to these receptors via several lysine-binding domains, the specific interactions that occur have not been documented in all cases. However, identification of the relevant residues could help define strategies for mitigating the virulence of important human pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). To shed light on this question, we have described a combination of peptide-spot array screening, competition and SPR assays, high-resolution crystallography, and mutational analyses to characterize the interaction between SpGAPDH and Plg. We identified three SpGAPDH lysine residues that were instrumental in defining the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the interaction. Altogether, the integration of the data presented in this work allows us to propose a structural model for the molecular interaction of the SpGAPDH-Plg complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Moreau
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Terrasse
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicole M Thielens
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Vernet
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Gaboriaud
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Marie Di Guilmi
- From the Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
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29
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Ohayon D, De Chiara A, Chapuis N, Candalh C, Mocek J, Ribeil JA, Haddaoui L, Ifrah N, Hermine O, Bouillaud F, Frachet P, Bouscary D, Witko-Sarsat V. Cytoplasmic proliferating cell nuclear antigen connects glycolysis and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35561. [PMID: 27759041 PMCID: PMC5069676 DOI: 10.1038/srep35561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a scaffolding protein involved in DNA replication, has been described as a key element in survival of mature neutrophil granulocytes, which are non-proliferating cells. Herein, we demonstrated an active export of PCNA involved in cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. Notably, daunorubicin-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60R) have a prominent cytosolic PCNA localization due to increased nuclear export compared to daunorubicin-sensitive HL-60 cells (HL-60S). By interacting with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a protein involved in NAD biosynthesis, PCNA coordinates glycolysis and survival, especially in HL-60R cells. These cells showed a dramatic increase in intracellular NAD+ concentration as well as glycolysis including increased expression and activity of hexokinase 1 and increased lactate production. Furthermore, this functional activity of cytoplasmic PCNA was also demonstrated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our data uncover a novel pathway of nuclear export of PCNA that drives cell survival by increasing metabolism flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Alessia De Chiara
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Céline Candalh
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Julie Mocek
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lamya Haddaoui
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France.,Hematology Department CHU &UMR INSERM U892/CNRS6299, Université d'Angers, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Necker Hospital Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France.,INSERM UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Frachet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre Etude Atomique, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
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30
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Górska S, Dylus E, Rudawska A, Brzozowska E, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Razim A, Kozakova H, Gamian A. Immunoreactive Proteins of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCDM 372 Identified by Gnotobiotic Mono-Colonized Mice Sera, Immune Rabbit Sera and Non-immune Human Sera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1537. [PMID: 27746766 PMCID: PMC5040718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bifidobacteria show great diversity in the cell surface architecture which may influence the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cell and strain specific properties. The immunomodulatory role of bifidobacteria has been extensively studied, however studies on the immunoreactivity of their protein molecules are very limited. Here, we compared six different methods of protein isolation and purification and we report identification of immunogenic and immunoreactive protein of two human Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum strains. We evaluated potential immunoreactive properties of proteins employing polyclonal sera obtained from germ free mouse, rabbit and human. The protein yield was isolation method-dependent and the reactivity of proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and have them sequenced. Among the immunoreactive proteins we identified enolase, aspartokinase, pyruvate kinase, DnaK (B. longum ssp. longum CCM 7952) and sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, peptidoglycan synthethase penicillin-binding protein 3, transaldolase, ribosomal proteins and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B. longum ssp. longum CCDM 372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Górska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Dylus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Rudawska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
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31
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Vedamurthy GV, Sahoo S, Devi IK, Murugavel S, Joshi P. The N-terminal segment of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Haemonchus contortus interacts with complements C1q and C3. Parasite Immunol 2016; 37:568-78. [PMID: 26332726 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus, an economically important blood-sucking parasite of sheep and goats, survives the harsh host gut environment by secreting a number of proteins referred as excretory/secretory (ES) products. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme, is one of the components of H. contortus ES products. The parasite enzyme binds to complement C3 and inhibits its activity. In this study, the C3-binding activity of the parasite GAPDH was mapped to the N-terminal part of the enzyme by generating defined recombinant fragments of the protein. The N-terminal fragment also trapped complement C1q but not C5 and inhibited complement-mediated lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Competitive binding assay indicates different binding regions for C1q and C3 proteins. GAPDH stimulated proliferation of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and reacted with the sera from H. contortus-infected animals. However, the fragments of GAPDH did not stimulate cell proliferation nor reacted with the infected animal sera. Furthermore, denatured GAPDH failed to react with the infected animal sera in dot blot suggesting conformation-dependent epitope. These results demonstrate an elegant strategy of the parasite to completely shut down complement activation and identify GAPDH as a promising target for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Vedamurthy
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - S Sahoo
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - I K Devi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - S Murugavel
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - P Joshi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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32
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Sinnige JC, de Been M, Zhou M, Bonten MJM, Willems RJL, Top J. Growth condition-dependent cell surface proteome analysis of Enterococcus faecium. Proteomics 2015; 15:3806-14. [PMID: 26316380 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The last 30 years Enterococcus faecium has become an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitals worldwide. The aim of this study was to obtain insight in the cell surface proteome of E. faecium when grown in laboratory and clinically relevant conditions. Enterococcus faecium E1162, a clinical blood stream isolate, was grown until mid-log phase in brain heart infusion medium (BHI) with, or without 0.02% bile salts, Tryptic Soy Broth with 1% glucose (TSBg) and urine, and its cell surface was "shaved" using immobilized trypsin. Peptides were identified using MS/MS. Mapping against the translated E1162 whole genome sequence identified 67 proteins that were differentially detected in different conditions. In urine, 14 proteins were significantly more and nine proteins less abundant relative to the other conditions. Growth in BHI-bile and TSBg, revealed four and six proteins, respectively, which were uniquely present in these conditions while two proteins were uniquely present in both conditions. Thus, proteolytic shaving of E. faecium cells identified differentially surface exposed proteins in different growth conditions. These proteins are of special interest as they provide more insight in the adaptive mechanisms and may serve as targets for the development of novel therapeutics against this multi-resistant emerging pathogen. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002497 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002497).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Sinnige
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Been
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janetta Top
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We are rapidly returning to a world in which bacterial infections are a major health issue. Pathogenic bacteria are able to colonize and cause pathology due to the possession of virulence factors such as adhesins, invasins, evasins and toxins. These are generally specifically evolved proteins with selective actions. It is, therefore, surprising that most human bacterial pathogens employ moonlighting proteins as virulence factors. Currently, >90 bacterial species employ one or more moonlighting protein families to aid colonization and induce disease. These organisms employ 90 moonlighting bacterial protein families and these include enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, hexosemonophosphate shunt, glyoxylate cycle and a range of other metabolic enzymes, proteases, transporters and, also, molecular chaperones and protein-folding catalysts. These proteins have homologues in eukaryotes and only a proportion of the moonlighting proteins employed are solely bacterial in origin. Bacterial moonlighting proteins can be divided into those with single moonlighting functions and those with multiple additional biological actions. These proteins contribute significantly to the population of virulence factors employed by bacteria and some are obvious therapeutic targets. Where examined, bacterial moonlighting proteins bind to target ligands with high affinity. A major puzzle is the evolutionary mechanism(s) responsible for bacterial protein moonlighting and a growing number of highly homologous bacterial moonlighting proteins exhibit widely different moonlighting actions, suggesting a lack in our understanding of the mechanism of evolution of protein active sites.
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Chemical genetics and its application to moonlighting in glycolytic enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1756-61. [PMID: 25399602 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is an ancient biochemical pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP. The structural and catalytic properties of glycolytic enzymes are well-characterized. However, there is growing appreciation that these enzymes participate in numerous moonlighting functions that are unrelated to glycolysis. Recently, chemical genetics has been used to discover novel moonlighting functions in glycolytic enzymes. In the present mini-review, we introduce chemical genetics and discuss how it can be applied to the discovery of protein moonlighting. Specifically, we describe the application of chemical genetics to uncover moonlighting in two glycolytic enzymes, enolase and glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase. This led to the discovery of moonlighting roles in glucose homoeostasis, cancer progression and diabetes-related complications. Finally, we also provide a brief overview of the latest progress in unravelling the myriad moonlighting roles for these enzymes.
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Merle NS, Church SE, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part I - Molecular Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:262. [PMID: 26082779 PMCID: PMC4451739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in defense against pathogens and in host homeostasis. The complement system is initiated by conformational changes in recognition molecular complexes upon sensing danger signals. The subsequent cascade of enzymatic reactions is tightly regulated to assure that complement is activated only at specific locations requiring defense against pathogens, thus avoiding host tissue damage. Here, we discuss the recent advances describing the molecular and structural basis of activation and regulation of the complement pathways and their implication on physiology and pathology. This article will review the mechanisms of activation of alternative, classical, and lectin pathways, the formation of C3 and C5 convertases, the action of anaphylatoxins, and the membrane-attack-complex. We will also discuss the importance of structure-function relationships using the example of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Lastly, we will discuss the development and benefits of therapies using complement inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Church
- UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Integrative Cancer Immunology Team, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France
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Merle NS, Noe R, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part II: Role in Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:257. [PMID: 26074922 PMCID: PMC4443744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic cascade, aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism. Nowadays, this vision has changed and it is well accepted that complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in host homeostasis, inflammation, and in the defense against pathogens. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the role of complement in physiology and pathology. It starts with a description of complement contribution to the normal physiology (homeostasis) of a healthy organism, including the silent clearance of apoptotic cells and maintenance of cell survival. In pathology, complement can be a friend or a foe. It acts as a friend in the defense against pathogens, by inducing opsonization and a direct killing by C5b–9 membrane attack complex and by triggering inflammatory responses with the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Opsonization plays also a major role in the mounting of an adaptive immune response, involving antigen presenting cells, T-, and B-lymphocytes. Nevertheless, it can be also an enemy, when pathogens hijack complement regulators to protect themselves from the immune system. Inadequate complement activation becomes a disease cause, as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Age-related macular degeneration and cancer will be described as examples showing that complement contributes to a large variety of conditions, far exceeding the classical examples of diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Finally, we discuss complement as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Remi Noe
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) , Paris , France
| | - Lise Halbwachs-Mecarelli
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
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Terrasse R, Amoroso A, Vernet T, Di Guilmi AM. Streptococcus pneumoniae GAPDH Is Released by Cell Lysis and Interacts with Peptidoglycan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125377. [PMID: 25927608 PMCID: PMC4415926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of conserved cytoplasmic proteins is widely spread among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Because these proteins display additional functions when located at the bacterial surface, they have been qualified as moonlighting proteins. The GAPDH is a glycolytic enzyme which plays an important role in the virulence processes of pathogenic microorganisms like bacterial invasion and host immune system modulation. However, GAPDH, like other moonlighting proteins, cannot be secreted through active secretion systems since they do not contain an N-terminal predicted signal peptide. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of GAPDH export and surface retention in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen. We addressed the role of the major autolysin LytA in the delivery process of GAPDH to the cell surface. Pneumococcal lysis is abolished in the ΔlytA mutant strain or when 1% choline chloride is added in the culture media. We showed that these conditions induce a marked reduction in the amount of surface-associated GAPDH. These data suggest that the presence of GAPDH at the surface of pneumococcal cells depends on the LytA-mediated lysis of a fraction of the cell population. Moreover, we demonstrated that pneumococcal GAPDH binds to the bacterial cell wall independently of the presence of the teichoic acids component, supporting peptidoglycan as a ligand to surface GAPDH. Finally, we showed that peptidoglycan-associated GAPDH recruits C1q from human serum but does not activate the complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Terrasse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Ana Amoroso
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Agarwal V, Sroka M, Fulde M, Bergmann S, Riesbeck K, Blom AM. Binding of Streptococcus pneumoniae endopeptidase O (PepO) to complement component C1q modulates the complement attack and promotes host cell adherence. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15833-44. [PMID: 24739385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive species Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogen causing severe local and life-threatening invasive diseases associated with high mortality rates and death. We demonstrated recently that pneumococcal endopeptidase O (PepO) is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional plasminogen and fibronectin-binding protein facilitating host cell invasion and evasion of innate immunity. In this study, we found that PepO interacts directly with the complement C1q protein, thereby attenuating the classical complement pathway and facilitating pneumococcal complement escape. PepO binds both free C1q and C1 complex in a dose-dependent manner based on ionic interactions. Our results indicate that recombinant PepO specifically inhibits the classical pathway of complement activation in both hemolytic and complement deposition assays. This inhibition is due to direct interaction of PepO with C1q, leading to a strong activation of the classical complement pathway, and results in consumption of complement components. In addition, PepO binds the classical complement pathway inhibitor C4BP, thereby regulating downstream complement activation. Importantly, pneumococcal surface-exposed PepO-C1q interaction mediates bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells. Taken together, PepO facilitates C1q-mediated bacterial adherence, whereas its localized release consumes complement as a result of its activation following binding of C1q, thus representing an additional mechanism of human complement escape by this versatile pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Fulde
- the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and
| | - Simone Bergmann
- the Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- From the Divisions of Medical Protein Chemistry and
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Sahoo S, Murugavel S, Devi IK, Vedamurthy GV, Gupta SC, Singh BP, Joshi P. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus binds to complement C3 and inhibits its activity. Parasite Immunol 2014; 35:457-67. [PMID: 23927077 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an economically important gastrointestinal parasite that infects primarily sheep and goats. To survive inside the host, the parasite must overcome the host immune response. In this study, we have identified and characterized a complement-C3-binding protein (H.c-C3BP) from this parasite employing biochemical and molecular biology tools. Initially, a truncated form of the protein was isolated from the excretory-secretory products of the parasite using C3-Sepharose column that facilitated its identification by mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, the parent molecule was generated in E. coli, and sequence analysis confirmed it as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH reacted with the antiserum raised against the truncated protein, and the truncated protein reacted with anti-GAPDH antiserum. The protein inhibited complement function as measured by haemolytic assay and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. Sera from H. contortus-infected animals reacted with GAPDH as well as the truncated form of the protein, which further lend support to protein secretion. Thus, the C3-binding property of H. contortus GAPDH is a new function, and it represents a new entity of complement-binding protein. Identification and characterization of H.c-C3BP should facilitate development of new therapeutics considering a key role of this protein in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sahoo
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
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40
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Verneret M, Tacnet-Delorme P, Osman R, Awad R, Grichine A, Kleman JP, Frachet P. Relative contribution of c1q and apoptotic cell-surface calreticulin to macrophage phagocytosis. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:426-34. [PMID: 24557008 DOI: 10.1159/000358834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q has been shown to recognize apoptotic cells, to enhance their uptake and to modulate cytokine release by phagocytes and thus promote immune tolerance. Surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT), known as a C1q receptor, is also considered to be an early eat-me signal that enhances the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and is capable of eliciting an immunogenic response. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger these functions are not clear. We hypothesized that CRT and C1q might act together in these processes. We first showed, by means of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), that CRT interacts with the C1q globular region at the surface of early apoptotic cells. Next, we pointed out that knockdown of CRT on early apoptotic HeLa cells impairs the enhancement effect of C1q on their uptake by THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, a deficiency of CRT induces contrasting effects on cytokine release by THP-1 macrophages, increasing interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CCL2 and decreasing IL-8. Remarkably, these effects were greatly reduced when apoptotic cells were opsonized by C1q, which counterbalanced the effect of the CRT deficiency. These results demonstrate that CRT-C1q interaction is involved in the C1q bridging function and they highlight the particular ability of C1q to control the phagocyte inflammatory status, i.e. by integrating the molecular changes that could occur at the surface of dying cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Verneret
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Immune Response to Pathogens and Altered Self (IRPAS) Group, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Biller L, Matthiesen J, Kühne V, Lotter H, Handal G, Nozaki T, Saito-Nakano Y, Schümann M, Roeder T, Tannich E, Krause E, Bruchhaus I. The cell surface proteome of Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 13:132-44. [PMID: 24136294 PMCID: PMC3879609 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface molecules are of major importance for host-parasite interactions. During Entamoeba histolytica infections, these interactions are predicted to be of prime importance for tissue invasion, induction of colitis and liver abscess formation. To date, however, little is known about the molecules involved in these processes, with only about 20 proteins or protein families found exposed on the E. histolytica surface. We have therefore analyzed the complete surface proteome of E. histolytica. Using cell surface biotinylation and mass spectrometry, 693 putative surface-associated proteins were identified. In silico analysis predicted that ∼26% of these proteins are membrane-associated, as they contain transmembrane domains and/or signal sequences, as well as sites of palmitoylation, myristoylation, or prenylation. An additional 25% of the identified proteins likely represent nonclassical secreted proteins. Surprisingly, no membrane-association sites could be predicted for the remaining 49% of the identified proteins. To verify surface localization, 23 proteins were randomly selected and analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Of these 23 proteins, 20 (87%) showed definite surface localization. These findings indicate that a far greater number of E. histolytica proteins than previously supposed are surface-associated, a phenomenon that may be based on the high membrane turnover of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biller
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Chagnot C, Zorgani MA, Astruc T, Desvaux M. Proteinaceous determinants of surface colonization in bacteria: bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from a protein secretion perspective. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:303. [PMID: 24133488 PMCID: PMC3796261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Broadly speaking, a biofilm is defined as the sessile development of microbial cells. Biofilm formation arises following bacterial adhesion but not all single bacterial cells adhering reversibly or irreversibly engage inexorably into a sessile mode of growth. Among molecular determinants promoting bacterial colonization, surface proteins are the most functionally diverse active components. To be present on the bacterial cell surface, though, a protein must be secreted in the first place. Considering the close association of secreted proteins with their cognate secretion systems, the secretome (which refers both to the secretion systems and their protein substrates) is a key concept to apprehend the protein secretion and related physiological functions. The protein secretion systems are here considered in light of the differences in the cell-envelope architecture between diderm-LPS (archetypal Gram-negative), monoderm (archetypal Gram-positive) and diderm-mycolate (archetypal acid-fast) bacteria. Besides, their cognate secreted proteins engaged in the bacterial colonization process are regarded from single protein to supramolecular protein structure as well as the non-classical protein secretion. This state-of-the-art on the complement of the secretome (the secretion systems and their cognate effectors) involved in the surface colonization process in diderm-LPS and monoderm bacteria paves the way for future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chagnot
- UR454 Microbiologie, INRA Saint-Genès Champanelle, France ; UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, INRA Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
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Biofilm formation avoids complement immunity and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2606-15. [PMID: 23649097 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00491-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent member of the microbiota of the human nasopharynx. Colonization of the nasopharyngeal tract is a first and necessary step in the infectious process and often involves the formation of sessile microbial communities by this human pathogen. The ability to grow and persist as biofilms is an advantage for many microorganisms, because biofilm-grown bacteria show reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and hinder recognition by the immune system. The extent of host protection against biofilm-related pneumococcal disease has not been determined yet. Using pneumococcal strains growing as planktonic cultures or as biofilms, we have investigated the recognition of S. pneumoniae by the complement system and its interactions with human neutrophils. Deposition of C3b, the key complement component, was impaired on S. pneumoniae biofilms. In addition, binding of C-reactive protein and the complement component C1q to the pneumococcal surface was reduced in biofilm bacteria, demonstrating that pneumococcal biofilms avoid the activation of the classical complement pathway. In addition, recruitment of factor H, the downregulator of the alternative pathway, was enhanced by S. pneumoniae growing as biofilms. Our results also show that biofilm formation diverts the alternative complement pathway activation by a PspC-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, phagocytosis of pneumococcal biofilms was also impaired. The present study confirms that biofilm formation in S. pneumoniae is an efficient means of evading both the classical and the PspC-dependent alternative complement pathways the host immune system.
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Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV. Deregulation of glycolysis in cancer: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:681-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.775253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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