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Xiao AY, Lopez IA, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A. Expression of TGFβ-1 and CTGF in the Implanted Cochlea and its Implication on New Tissue Formation. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:810-817. [PMID: 38995724 PMCID: PMC11250773 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are upregulated in the implanted human cochlea. BACKGROUND Cochlear implantation can lead to insertion trauma and intracochlear new tissue formation, which can detrimentally affect implant performance. TGFβ-1 and CTGF are profibrotic proteins implicated in various pathologic conditions, but little is known about their role in the cochlea. The present study aimed to characterize the expression of these proteins in the human implanted cochlea. METHODS Archival human temporal bones (HTB) acquired from 12 patients with previous CI and histopathological evidence of new tissue formation as well as surgical samples of human intracochlear scar tissue surrounding the explanted CI were used in this study. Histopathologic analysis of fibrosis and osteoneogenesis was conducted using H&E. Protein expression was characterized using immunofluorescence. RNA expression from surgical specimens of fibrotic tissue surrounding the CI was quantified using qRT-PCR. RESULTS TGFβ-1 and CTGF protein expressions were upregulated in the areas of fibrosis and osteoneogenesis surrounding the CI HTB. Similarly, surgical samples demonstrated upregulation of protein and mRNA expression of TGFβ-1 and mild upregulation of CTGF compared with control. TGFβ-1 was expressed diffusely within the fibrous capsule, whereas CTGF was expressed in the thickened portion toward the modiolus and the fibrosis-osteoneogensis junction. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate increased expression of TGFβ-1 and CTGF in the human implanted cochlea and may provide better understanding of the mechanism behind this pathogenic process to better develop future mitigating interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Y. Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan A. Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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2
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Nasr SM, Hassan M, Abou-Shousha T, Elhusseny Y, Elzallat M. Effect of Placental Derived Nucleoproteins on liver regeneration in DEN-induced liver fibrosis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117190. [PMID: 39067160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental Derived Nucleoproteins (PDNs) is commonly associated with the process of angiogenesis, and doesn't affect the healthy vasculature. PDNs are clinically estimated for the treatment of cancer cases and severe hepatic injuries. Thus, the pathophysiological effects of PDNs targeting liver fibrosis is a concern. OBJECTIVES To assess the molecular, histopathological, and chemical impact of PDNs on liver regeneration in Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mice liver fibrosis. METHODS Normal untreated reference group of ten mice and two groups of induced liver cirrhosis using the recommended weekly dose of Diethylnitrosamine in total of eleven doses, initially 20 mg/kg body weight, and then 30 mg/kg in the third week, followed by 50 mg/kg for the last eight weeks, one of them combined treatment aligned with injection with total dose of extracted PDNs 25 mg/kg, in comparison to PDNs only treated group. An autopsy was performed after 22 weeks of the initial dose of DEN in each group. Molecular characterization of Alpha smooth muscle actin, TGFβ and NF-κB biomarkers for liver then liver function panel were analyzed and finally hepatopathological changes were observed using H&E stain and Sirius red stain. RESULTS Liver enzymes, total bilirubin and total proteins in tissue in PDNs-DEN treated models were controlled in the direction of normal group and 50 % reduction of fibrosis in comparing to DEN-treated models. The cellular arrangement of fibrosis in the DEN entire groups were differentiated with high significant impact on the survival of mice. Increased levels of the biochemical markers in liver homogenate, loss of tissue architecture, and proliferation were observed in induced groups and down regulation of alpha smooth muscle actin, TGFβ and NF-κB. CONCLUSION This finding demonstrates an improvement of Liver tissue induced fibrosis using DEN combined with PDNs. This strategy is to generate an animal model with a lower occurrence of fibrosis in a short time treatment regarding liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Abou-Shousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed Elzallat
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
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3
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Xu Y, Hu J, Bi D, Su W, Hu L, Ma Y, Zhu M, Wu M, Huang Y, Yu E, Zhang B, Xu K, Chen J, Wei P. A bioactive xyloglucan polysaccharide hydrogel mechanically enhanced by Pluronic F127 micelles for promoting chronic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134102. [PMID: 39047998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a formidable global healthcare challenge due to the bacteria infections and uncontrollable inflammation responses, while developing wound healing materials capable of resolving these issues remains a challenge. In this study, we integrated xyloglucan (XG) with Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA)to develop a composite hydrogel for wound healing, where the XG introduced anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial properties to the construct, and F127DA provides the photocurable properties essential for hydrogel formation and robust mechanical characteristics to achieve physical strength that matches tissue regeneration. The material characterizations suggested that XG/F127DA hydrogels had great biostability, blood compatibility and antibacterial effects, which was suitable to be used as a wound healing material. The in vitro analysis by culturing L929 fibroblasts on the hydrogel surface demonstrated that the inclusion of XG could promote the cellular proliferation rate, migration rate, and re-epithelialization-related marker expression, while downregulate the inflammation process. The XG/F127DA hydrogel was further used for the full-thickness skin wound healing test on mice, where the inclusion of XG significantly increased the wound closure rate through reducing the inflammation responses, and promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. These results indicated that XG/F127DA hydrogel has great potential to be used for wound healing in future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingyin Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - De Bi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Liqing Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yuxi Ma
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhu
- Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Department of Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Miaoben Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuye Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Enxing Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Yuyao People Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Kailei Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Shandong University Center for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China.
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Prieto‐Vila M, Yoshioka Y, Kuriyama N, Okamura A, Yamamoto Y, Muranaka A, Ochiya T. Adult cardiomyocytes-derived EVs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12461. [PMID: 38940266 PMCID: PMC11211925 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases that arises from the hyperactivation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, leading to impaired cardiac function and potentially heart failure or arrhythmia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cardiomyocytes (CMs) regulate various physiological functions essential for myocardial homeostasis, which are disrupted in cardiac disease. Therefore, healthy CM-derived EVs represent a promising cell-free therapy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. To this end, we optimized the culture conditions of human adult CMs to obtain a large yield of EVs without compromising cellular integrity by using a defined combination of small molecules. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and their characteristics were analysed. Finally, their effect on fibrosis was tested. Treatment of TGFβ-activated human cardiac fibroblasts with EVs derived from CMs using our culture system resulted in a decrease in fibroblast activation markers and ECM accumulation. The rescued phenotype was associated with specific EV cargo, including multiple myocyte-specific and antifibrotic microRNAs, although their effect individually was not as effective as the EV treatment. Notably, pathway analysis showed that EV treatment reverted the transcription of activated fibroblasts and decreased several signalling pathways, including MAPK, mTOR, JAK/STAT, TGFβ, and PI3K/Akt, all of which are involved in fibrosis development. Intracardiac injection of CM-derived EVs in an animal model of cardiac fibrosis reduced fibrotic area and increased angiogenesis, which correlated with improved cardiac function. These findings suggest that EVs derived from human adult CMs may offer a targeted and effective treatment for cardiac fibrosis, owing to their antifibrotic properties and the specificity of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prieto‐Vila
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoya Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Vascular SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaHokkaidoJapan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Asao Muranaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, De Pace R, Mosaico M, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Tavoni M, Dapporto M, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Montesi M, Martini F, Mazzoni E. Osteosarcoma cell death induced by innovative scaffolds doped with chemotherapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31256. [PMID: 38591855 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) cancer treatments include systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection. In the last years, novel treatment approaches have been proposed, which employ a drug-delivery system to prevent offside effects and improves treatment efficacy. Locally delivering anticancer compounds improves on high local concentrations with more efficient tumour-killing effect, reduced drugs resistance and confined systemic effects. Here, the synthesis of injectable strontium-doped calcium phosphate (SrCPC) scaffold was proposed as drug delivery system to combine bone tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment by controlled release of methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), coded as SrCPC-MTX and SrCPC-DOX, respectively. The drug-loaded cements were tested in an in vitro model of human OS cell line SAOS-2, engineered OS cell line (SAOS-2-eGFP) and U2-OS. The ability of doped scaffolds to induce OS cell death and apoptosis was assessed analysing cell proliferation and Caspase-3/7 activities, respectively. To determine if OS cells grown on doped-scaffolds change their migratory ability and invasiveness, a wound-healing assay was performed. In addition, the osteogenic potential of SrCPC material was evaluated using human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic markers such as (i) the mineral matrix deposition was analysed by alizarin red staining; (ii) the osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and (iii) the osteogenic process was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction array. The delivery system induced cell-killing cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in OS cell lines up to Day 7. SrCPC demonstrates a good cytocompatibility and it induced upregulation of osteogenic genes involved in the skeletal development pathway, together with OCN protein expression and mineral matrix deposition. The proposed approach, based on the local, sustained release of anticancer drugs from nanostructured biomimetic drug-loaded cements is promising for future therapies aiming to combine bone regeneration and anticancer local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Mosaico
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Tavoni
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dapporto
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Hussein SN, Kotry GS, Eissa AS, Heikal LA, Gaweesh YY. Efficacy of a Novel Melatonin-Loaded Gelatin Sponge in Palatal Wound Healing. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00116-3. [PMID: 38688801 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to assess both clinically and histologically the effect of a topically applied melatonin-loaded gelatin sponge on palatal wound healing after graft harvesting. METHODS Twenty-six patients for whom free palatal graft procurement was indicated were divided equally into 2 groups. In the test group, the donor site was covered by a melatonin-loaded gelatin sponge, and in the control group the site was covered by a placebo-loaded gelatin sponge. Wound healing was evaluated on the day of surgery and at 7 and 14 days postsurgery using photo-digital planimetry. Histologic specimens were taken to verify healing type and rate. Pain was assessed via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for 7 days from the day of the surgery. RESULTS At the 7-day interval, photo-digital planimetry showed a significant decrease in the traced raw area (P = .04) in the test group compared with the control group and a significant increase in the mean area of immature epithelia (P = .04). At the 14-day interval, there was no statistically significant difference in any area of interest. Histologically, the application of melatonin was associated with accelerated healing and superior maturation at all follow-up time points. No significant differences were noted in VAS scores between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin-treated tissue showed marked clinical improvement in the first week postsurgery, indicating an increased rate of healing. Similarly, histologic analysis revealed significant maturation at both time intervals. A melatonin-loaded gelatin sponge is a novel palatal wound dressing that can be used to improve wound healing outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nabil Hussein
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Gehan Sherif Kotry
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Salama Eissa
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia Ahmed Heikal
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Youssri Gaweesh
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alghazali R, Nugud A, El-Serafi A. Glycan Modifications as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38392295 PMCID: PMC10886185 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a process where proteins or lipids are modified with glycans. The presence of glycans determines the structure, stability, and localization of glycoproteins, thereby impacting various biological processes, including embryogenesis, intercellular communication, and disease progression. Glycans can influence stem cell behavior by modulating signaling molecules that govern the critical aspects of self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, being located at the cell surface, glycans are utilized as markers for stem cell pluripotency and differentiation state determination. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature, focusing on the effect of glycans on stem cells with a reflection on the application of synthetic glycans in directing stem cell differentiation. Additionally, this review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of how synthetic glycans can be used to control stem cell differentiation, which may help establish new approaches to guide stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. Ultimately, this knowledge can facilitate the identification of efficient strategies for advancing stem cell-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Alghazali
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Nugud
- Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El-Serafi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Cates WT, Denbeigh JM, Salvagno RT, Kakar S, van Wijnen AJ, Eaton C. Inflammatory Markers Involved in the Pathogenesis of Dupuytren's Contracture. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-35. [PMID: 38912961 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024052889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease is a common fibroproliferative disease that can result in debilitating hand deformities. Partial correction and return of deformity are common with surgical or clinical treatments at present. While current treatments are limited to local procedures for relatively late effects of the disease, the pathophysiology of this connective tissue disorder is associated with both local and systemic processes (e.g., fibrosis, inflammation). Hence, a better understanding of the systemic circulation of Dupuytren related cytokines and growth factors may provide important insights into disease progression. In addition, systemic biomarker analysis could yield new concepts for treatments of Dupuytren that attenuate circulatory factors (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, neutralizing antibodies). Progress in the development of any disease modifying biologic treatment for Dupuytren has been hampered by the lack of clinically useful biomarkers. The characterization of nonsurgical Dupuytren biomarkers will permit disease staging from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives, as well as allows evaluation of biologic responses to treatment. Identification of such markers may transcend their use in Dupuytren treatment, because fibrotic biological processes fundamental to Dupuytren are relevant to fibrosis in many other connective tissues and organs with collagen-based tissue compartments. There is a wide range of potential Dupuytren biomarker categories that could be informative, including disease determinants linked to genetics, collagen metabolism, as well as immunity and inflammation (e.g., cytokines, chemokines). This narrative review provides a broad overview of previous studies and emphasizes the importance of inflammatory mediators as candidate circulating biomarkers for monitoring Dupuytren's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Kumari J, Hammink R, Baaij J, Wagener FADTG, Kouwer PHJ. Antifibrotic properties of hyaluronic acid crosslinked polyisocyanide hydrogels. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213705. [PMID: 38006784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue in response to primary injury. As a result, an affected organ may lose part of its functionality due to chronic, organ-specific tissue damage. Since fibrosis is a leading cause of death worldwide, targeting fibrotic diseases with antifibrotic hydrogels can be a lifesaving therapeutic strategy. This study developed a novel hybrid antifibrotic hydrogel by combining the synthetic polyisocyanide (PIC) with hyaluronic acid (HA). Gels of PIC are highly tailorable, thermosensitive, and strongly biomimetic in architecture and mechanical properties, whereas HA is known to promote non-fibrotic fetal wound healing and inhibits inflammatory signaling. The developed HA-PIC hybrids were biocompatible with physical properties comparable to those of the PIC gels. The antifibrotic nature of the gels was assessed by 3D cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts in the presence (or absence as control) of TGFβ1 that promotes differentiation into myofibroblasts, a critical step in fibrosis. Proliferation and macroscopic contraction assays and studies on the formation of stress fibers and characteristic fibrosis markers all indicate a strong antifibrotic nature of HA-PIC hydrogel. We showed that these effects originate from both the lightly crosslinked architecture and the presence of HA itself. The hybrid displaying both these effects shows the strongest antifibrotic nature and is a promising candidate for use as in vivo treatment for skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem Baaij
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul H J Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Keykhaee M, Rahimifard M, Najafi A, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M, Mottaghitalab F, Farokhi M, Khoobi M. Alginate/gum arabic-based biomimetic hydrogel enriched with immobilized nerve growth factor and carnosine improves diabetic wound regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121179. [PMID: 37739486 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often remain untreated because they are difficult to heal, caused by reduced skin sensitivity and impaired blood vessel formation. In this study, we propose a novel approach to manage DFUs using a multifunctional hydrogel made from a combination of alginate and gum arabic. To enhance the healing properties of the hydrogel, we immobilized nerve growth factor (NGF), within specially designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). The MSNs were then incorporated into the hydrogel along with carnosine (Car), which further improves the hydrogel's therapeutic properties. The hydrogel containing the immobilized NGF (SiNGF) could control the sustain release of NGF for >21 days, indicating that the target hydrogel (AG-Car/SiNGF) can serve as a suitable reservoir managing diabetic wound regeneration. In addition, Car was able to effectively reduce inflammation and significantly increase angiogenesis compared to the control group. Based on the histological results obtained from diabetic rats, the target hydrogel (AG-Car/SiNGF) reduced inflammation and improved re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Specific staining also confirmed that AG-Car/SiNGF exhibited improved tissue neovascularization, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) expression, and nerve neurofilament. Overall, our research suggests that this newly developed composite system holds promise as a potential treatment for non-healing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keykhaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Varga AJ, Nemeth IB, Kemeny L, Varga J, Tiszlavicz L, Kumar D, Dodd S, Simpson AWM, Buknicz T, Beynon R, Simpson D, Krenacs T, Dockray GJ, Varro A. Elevated Serum Gastrin Is Associated with Melanoma Progression: Putative Role in Increased Migration and Invasion of Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16851. [PMID: 38069171 PMCID: PMC10706711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-environmental factors, including stromal and immune cells, cytokines, and circulating hormones are well recognized to determine cancer progression. Melanoma cell growth was recently shown to be suppressed by cholecystokinin/gastrin (CCK) receptor antagonists, and our preliminary data suggested that melanoma patients with Helicobacter gastritis (which is associated with elevated serum gastrin) might have an increased risk of cancer progression. Therefore, in the present study, we examined how gastrin may act on melanoma cells. In 89 melanoma patients, we found a statistically significant association between circulating gastrin concentrations and melanoma thickness and metastasis, which are known risk factors of melanoma progression and prognosis. Immunocytochemistry using a validated antibody confirmed weak to moderate CCK2R expression in both primary malignant melanoma cells and the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2 and G361. Furthermore, among the 219 tumors in the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma TCGA Pan-Cancer dataset showing gastrin receptor (CCKBR) expression, significantly higher CCKBR mRNA levels were linked to stage III-IV than stage I-II melanomas. In both cell lines, gastrin increased intracellular calcium levels and stimulated cell migration and invasion through mechanisms inhibited by a CCK2 receptor antagonist. Proteomic studies identified increased MMP-2 and reduced TIMP-3 levels in response to gastrin that were likely to contribute to the increased migration of both cell lines. However, the effects of gastrin on tumor cell invasion were relatively weak in the presence of the extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, dermal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, known also to express CCK2R, increased gastrin-induced cancer cell invasion. Our data suggest that in a subset of melanoma patients, an elevated serum gastrin concentration is a risk factor for melanoma tumor progression, and that gastrin may act on both melanoma and adjacent stromal cells through CCK2 receptors to promote mechanisms of tumor migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Janos Varga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Istvan Balazs Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Steven Dodd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Alec W. M. Simpson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Tunde Buknicz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rob Beynon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Deborah Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Graham J. Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK (G.J.D.); (A.V.)
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12
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Xu K, Deng S, Zhu Y, Yang W, Chen W, Huang L, Zhang C, Li M, Ao L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhang Q. Platelet Rich Plasma Loaded Multifunctional Hydrogel Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing via Regulating the Continuously Abnormal Microenvironments. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301370. [PMID: 37437207 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Continuous oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia are distinguishing features of diabetic wounds. It has been a great challenge to develop a smart dressing that can accelerate diabetic wound healing through regulating abnormal microenvironments. In this study, a platelet rich plasma (PRP) loaded multifunctional hydrogel with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose dual-responsive property is reported. It can be conveniently prepared with PRP, dopamine (DA) grafted alginate (Alg-DA), and 6-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol (ABO) conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA-ABO) through ionic crosslinks, hydrogen-bond interactions, and boronate ester bonds. The hydrogel possesses injectability, moldability, tissue adhesion, self-healing, low hemolysis, and hemostasis performances. Its excellent antioxidant property can create a low oxidative stress microenvironment for other biological events. Under an oxidative stress and/or hyperglycemia state, the hydrogel can degrade at an accelerated rate to release a variety of cytokines derived from activated blood platelets. The result is a series of positive changes that are favorable for diabetic wound healing, including fast anti-inflammation, activated macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, promoted migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, as well as expedited angiogenesis. This work provides an efficient strategy for chronic diabetic wound management and offers an alternative for developing a new-type PRP-based bioactive wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Sijie Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
| | - Weizhen Chen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory & the Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Joint Surgery Department, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
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13
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Wang X, Zheng Q, Sun M, Liu L, Zhang H, Ying W. Signatures of necroptosis-related genes as diagnostic markers of endometriosis and their correlation with immune infiltration. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:535. [PMID: 37817158 PMCID: PMC10566087 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMS) occurs when normal uterine tissue grows outside the uterus and causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriosis-associated infertility is thought to be caused by unknown mechanisms. In this study, using necroptosis-related genes, we developed and validated multigene joint signatures to diagnose EMS and explored their biological roles. METHODS We downloaded two databases (GSE7305 and GSE1169) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and 630 necroptosis-related genes from the GeneCards and GSEA databases. The limma package in Rsoftware was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We interleaved common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) and necroptosis-related genes (NRDEGs) in the endometriosis dataset. The DEGs functions were reflected by gene ontology analysis (GO), pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We used CIBERSORT to analyze the immune microenvironment differences between EMS patients and controls. Furthermore, a correlation was found between necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes and infiltrating immune cells to better understand the molecular immune mechanism. RESULTS Compared with the control group, this study revealed that 10 NRDEGs were identified in EMS. There were two types of immune cell infiltration abundance (activated NK cells and M2 macrophages) in these two datasets, and the correlation between different groups of samples was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MYO6 consistently correlated with activated NK cells in the two datasets. HOOK1 consistently demonstrated a high correlation with M2 Macrophages in two datasets. The immunohistochemical result indicated that the protein levels of MYO6 and HOOK1 were increased in patients with endometriosis, further suggesting that MYO6 and HOOK1 can be used as potential biomarkers for endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified ten necroptosis-related genes in EMS and assessed their relationship with the immune microenvironment. MYO6 and HOOK1 may serve as novel biomarkers and treatment targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Man Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Luotong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Weiwei Ying
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
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14
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Teegala LR, Gudneppanavar R, Sabu Kattuman EE, Snyderman M, Thanusha AV, Katari V, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Prostaglandin E 2 attenuates lung fibroblast differentiation via inactivation of yes-associated protein signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23199. [PMID: 37732601 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300745rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) has been implicated in counteracting fibroblast differentiation by TGFβ1 during pulmonary fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism is not well understood. We show here that PGE2 via EP2 R and EP4 R inhibits the expression of mechanosensory molecules Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 (LOXL2), myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), ECM proteins, plasminogen activation inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and redox sensor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4)) required for TGFβ1-mediated fibroblast differentiation. We further demonstrate that PGE2 inhibits fibrotic signaling via Yes-associated protein (YAP) but does so independently from its actions on SMAD phosphorylation and conserved cylindromatosis (CYLD; deubiquitinase) expression. Mechanistically, PGE2 phosphorylates/inactivates YAP downstream of EP2 R/Gαs and restrains its translocation to the nucleus, thus inhibiting its interaction with TEA domain family members (TEADs) and transcription of fibrotic genes. Importantly, pharmacological or siRNA-mediated inhibition of YAP significantly downregulates TGFβ1-mediated fibrotic gene expression and myofibroblast formation. Notably, YAP expression is upregulated in the lungs of D. farinae-treated wild type (WT) mice relative to saline-treated WT mice. Our results unravel a unique role for PGE2 -YAP interactions in fibroblast differentiation, and that PGE2 /YAP inhibition can be used as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of pathological conditions associated with myofibroblasts like asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | - Ravindra Gudneppanavar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | - Emma Elizabeth Sabu Kattuman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | | | - Arani Varamuniprasad Thanusha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | - Venkatesh Katari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ohio, Toledo, USA
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15
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Xing E, Ma F, Wasikowski R, Billi AC, Gharaee-Kermani M, Fox J, Dobry C, Victory A, Sarkar MK, Xing X, Plazyo O, Chen HW, Barber G, Jacobe H, Tsou PS, Modlin RL, Varga J, Kahlenberg JM, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Khanna D. Pansclerotic morphea is characterized by IFN-γ responses priming dendritic cell fibroblast crosstalk to promote fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171307. [PMID: 37471168 PMCID: PMC10543736 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pansclerotic morphea (PSM) is a rare, devastating disease characterized by extensive soft tissue fibrosis, secondary contractions, and significant morbidity. PSM pathogenesis is unknown, and aggressive immunosuppressive treatments rarely slow disease progression. We aimed to characterize molecular mechanisms driving PSM and to identify therapeutically targetable pathways by performing single-cell and spatial RNA-Seq on 7 healthy controls and on lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies of a patient with PSM 12 months apart. We then validated our findings using immunostaining and in vitro approaches. Fibrotic skin was characterized by prominent type II IFN response, accompanied by infiltrating myeloid cells, B cells, and T cells, which were the main IFN-γ source. We identified unique CXCL9+ fibroblasts enriched in PSM, characterized by increased chemokine expression, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL2. CXCL9+ fibroblasts were related to profibrotic COL8A1+ myofibroblasts, which had enriched TGF-β response. In vitro, TGF-β and IFN-γ synergistically increased CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression, contributing to the perpetuation of IFN-γ responses. Furthermore, cell-to-cell interaction analyses revealed cDC2B DCs as a key communication hub between CXCL9+ fibroblasts and COL8A1+ myofibroblasts. These results define PSM as an inflammation-driven condition centered on type II IFN responses. This work identified key pathogenic circuits between T cells, cDC2Bs, and myofibroblasts, and it suggests that JAK1/2 inhibition is a potential therapeutic option in PSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
| | - Rachael Wasikowski
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Victory
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
| | | | | | | | - Henry W. Chen
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Grant Barber
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi Jacobe
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
- University of Michigan SSc Program, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
- Taubman Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
- Taubman Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; and
- University of Michigan SSc Program, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang Y, Tai Y, Yao X, Midgley AC. Emergent Peptides of the Antifibrotic Arsenal: Taking Aim at Myofibroblast Promoting Pathways. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1179. [PMID: 37627244 PMCID: PMC10452577 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the principal effector cells driving fibrosis, and their accumulation in tissues is a fundamental feature of fibrosis. Essential pathways have been identified as being central to promoting myofibroblast differentiation, revealing multiple targets for intervention. Compared with large proteins and antibodies, peptide-based therapies have transpired to serve as biocompatible and cost-effective solutions to exert biomimicry, agonistic, and antagonistic activities with a high degree of targeting specificity and selectivity. In this review, we summarize emergent antifibrotic peptides and their utilization for the targeted prevention of myofibroblasts. We then highlight recent studies on peptide inhibitors of upstream pathogenic processes that drive the formation of profibrotic cell phenotypes. We also briefly discuss peptides from non-mammalian origins that show promise as antifibrotic therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of peptide design and development in targeting myofibroblasts to mitigate fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yifan Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Adam C. Midgley
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Hua HS, Wen HC, Lee HS, Weng CM, Yuliani FS, Kuo HP, Chen BC, Lin CH. Endothelin-1 induces connective tissue growth factor expression in human lung fibroblasts by disrupting HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:40. [PMID: 37312162 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 expression and activity may contribute to amplified inflammation in patients with severe asthma. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key mediator of airway fibrosis in severe asthma. However, the role of the HDAC2/Sin3A/methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP) 2 corepressor complex in the regulation of CTGF expression in lung fibroblasts remains unclear. METHODS The role of the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex in endothelin (ET)-1-stimulated CTGF production in human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) was investigated. We also evaluated the expression of HDAC2, Sin3A and MeCP2 in the lung of ovalbumin-induced airway fibrosis model. RESULTS HDAC2 suppressed ET-1-induced CTGF expression in WI-38 cells. ET-1 treatment reduced HDAC2 activity and increased H3 acetylation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC2 inhibited ET-1-induced H3 acetylation. Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or p38 attenuated ET-1-induced H3 acetylation by suppressing HDAC2 phosphorylation and reducing HDAC2 activity. Overexpression of both Sin3A and MeCP2 attenuated ET-1-induced CTGF expression and H3 acetylation. ET-1 induced the disruption of the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex and then prompted the dissociation of HDAC2, Sin3A, and MeCP2 from the CTGF promoter region. Overexpression of HDAC2, Sin3A, or MeCP2 attenuated ET-1-stimulated AP-1-luciferase activity. Moreover, Sin3A- or MeCP2-suppressed ET-1-induced H3 acetylation and AP-1-luciferase activity were reversed by transfection of HDAC2 siRNA. In an ovalbumin-induced airway fibrosis model, the protein levels of HDAC2 and Sin3A were lower than in the control group; however, no significant difference in MeCP2 expression was observed. The ratio of phospho-HDAC2/HDAC2 and H3 acetylation in the lung tissue were higher in this model than in the control group. Overall, without stimulation, the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex inhibits CTGF expression by regulating H3 deacetylation in the CTGF promoter region in human lung fibroblasts. With ET-1 stimulation, the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex is disrupted and dissociated from the CTGF promoter region; this is followed by AP-1 activation and the eventual initiation of CTGF production. CONCLUSIONS The HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex is an endogenous inhibitor of CTGF in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, HDAC2 and Sin3A may be of greater importance than MeCP2 in the pathogenesis of airway fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Hua
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ching Wen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Weng
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Li JM, Chang WH, Li L, Yang DC, Hsu SW, Kenyon NJ, Chen CH. Inositol possesses antifibrotic activity and mitigates pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:132. [PMID: 37194070 PMCID: PMC10189934 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myo-inositol (or inositol) and its derivatives not only function as important metabolites for multiple cellular processes but also act as co-factors and second messengers in signaling pathways. Although inositol supplementation has been widely studied in various clinical trials, little is known about its effect on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent studies have demonstrated that IPF lung fibroblasts display arginine dependency due to loss of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1). However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying ASS1 deficiency and its functional consequence in fibrogenic processes are yet to be elucidated. METHODS Metabolites extracted from primary lung fibroblasts with different ASS1 status were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis. An association of ASS1 deficiency with inositol and its signaling in lung fibroblasts was assessed using molecular biology assays. The therapeutic potential of inositol supplementation in fibroblast phenotypes and lung fibrosis was evaluated in cell-based studies and a bleomycin animal model, respectively. RESULTS Our metabolomics studies showed that ASS1-deficient lung fibroblasts derived from IPF patients had significantly altered inositol phosphate metabolism. We observed that decreased inositol-4-monophosphate abundance and increased inositol abundance were associated with ASS1 expression in fibroblasts. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of ASS1 expression in primary normal lung fibroblasts led to the activation of inositol-mediated signalosomes, including EGFR and PKC signaling. Treatment with inositol significantly downregulated ASS1 deficiency-mediated signaling pathways and reduced cell invasiveness in IPF lung fibroblasts. Notably, inositol supplementation also mitigated bleomycin-induced fibrotic lesions and collagen deposition in mice. CONCLUSION These findings taken together demonstrate a novel function of inositol in fibrometabolism and pulmonary fibrosis. Our study provides new evidence for the antifibrotic activity of this metabolite and suggests that inositol supplementation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Linhui Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David C Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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19
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Wang L, Liu F, Zhai X, Dong W, Wei W, Hu Z. An adhesive gelatin-coated small intestinal submucosa composite hydrogel dressing aids wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124622. [PMID: 37119906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging clinical task to determine how to repair large-area skin defects better. Traditional wound dressings (e.g., cotton and gauze) can only be used as a dressing; consequently, there is an increasing demand for wound dressings with additional properties (i.e., antibacterial and pro-repair) in clinical practice. In this study, a composite hydrogel with o-nitrobenzene-modified gelatin-coated decellularized small intestinal submucosa (GelNB@SIS) was designed for the repair of skin injuries. SIS is a natural extracellular matrix with a 3D microporous structure and also contains high levels of growth factors and collagen. GelNB provides this material photo-triggering tissue adhesive property. The structure, tissue adhesion, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity to cells were investigated. Based on in vivo study and histological analysis, we found the combination of GelNB and SIS improved the healing process by promoting vascular renewal, dermal remodeling, and epidermal regeneration. Based on our findings, GelNB@SIS is a promising candidate for tissue repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Fengling Liu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xinrang Zhai
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
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20
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Benson LN, Guo Y, Deck K, Mora C, Liu Y, Mu S. The link between immunity and hypertension in the kidney and heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1129384. [PMID: 36970367 PMCID: PMC10034415 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, which is a leading killer worldwide. Despite the prevalence of this non-communicable disease, still between 90% and 95% of cases are of unknown or multivariate cause ("essential hypertension"). Current therapeutic options focus primarily on lowering blood pressure through decreasing peripheral resistance or reducing fluid volume, but fewer than half of hypertensive patients can reach blood pressure control. Hence, identifying unknown mechanisms causing essential hypertension and designing new treatment accordingly are critically needed for improving public health. In recent years, the immune system has been increasingly implicated in contributing to a plethora of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have demonstrated the critical role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of hypertension, particularly through pro-inflammatory mechanisms within the kidney and heart, which, eventually, drive a myriad of renal and cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets remain largely unknown. Therefore, identifying which immune players are contributing to local inflammation and characterizing pro-inflammatory molecules and mechanisms involved will provide promising new therapeutic targets that could lower blood pressure and prevent progression from hypertension into renal or cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance N. Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
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21
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Rodriguez-Menocal L, Davis SC, Guzman W, Gil J, Valdes J, Solis M, Higa A, Natesan S, Schulman CI, Christy RJ, Badiavas EV. Model to Inhibit Contraction in Third-Degree Burns Employing Split-Thickness Skin Graft and Administered Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:302-310. [PMID: 36048023 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Third-degree burns typically result in pronounced scarring and contraction in superficial and deep tissues. Established techniques such as debridement and grafting provide benefit in the acute phase of burn therapy, nevertheless, scar and contraction remain a challenge in deep burns management. Our ambition is to evaluate the effectiveness of novel cell-based therapies, which can be implemented into the standard of care debridement and grafting procedures. Twenty-seven third-degree burn wounds were created on the dorsal area of Red Duroc pig. After 72 h, burns are surgically debrided using a Weck knife. Split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) were then taken after debridement and placed on burn scars combined with bone marrow stem cells (BM-MSCs). Biopsy samples were taken on days 17, 21, and 45 posttreatment for evaluation. Histological analysis revealed that untreated control scars at 17 days are more raised than burns treated with STSGs alone and/or STSGs with BM-MSCs. Wounds treated with skin grafts plus BM-MSCs appeared thinner and longer, indicative of reduced contraction. qPCR revealed some elevation of α-SMA expression at day 21 and Collagen Iα2 in cells derived from wounds treated with skin grafts alone compared to wounds treated with STSGs + BM-MSCs. We observed a reduction level of TGFβ-1 expression at days 17, 21, and 45 in cells derived from wounds treated compared to controls. These results, where the combined use of stem cells and skin grafts stimulate healing and reduce contraction following third-degree burn injury, have a potential as a novel therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez-Menocal
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery/Interdisciplinary/Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen C Davis
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wellington Guzman
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery/Interdisciplinary/Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joel Gil
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jose Valdes
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Solis
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander Higa
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Texas, USA
| | - Carl I Schulman
- Department of Surgery, Ryder Trauma Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Christy
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Texas, USA
| | - Evangelos V Badiavas
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery/Interdisciplinary/Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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22
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Ringström N, Edling C, Nalesso G, Jeevaratnam K. Framing Heartaches: The Cardiac ECM and the Effects of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4713. [PMID: 36902143 PMCID: PMC10003270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in several pathological conditions, and age itself is also associated with certain changes in the heart: it gets larger and stiffer, and it develops an increased risk of abnormal intrinsic rhythm. This, therefore, makes conditions such as atrial arrythmia more common. Many of these changes are directly related to the ECM, yet the proteomic composition of the ECM and how it changes with age is not fully resolved. The limited research progress in this field is mainly due to the intrinsic challenges in unravelling tightly bound cardiac proteomic components and also the time-consuming and costly dependency on animal models. This review aims to give an overview of the composition of the cardiac ECM, how different components aid the function of the healthy heart, how the ECM is remodelled and how it is affected by ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
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23
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Allen BJ, Frye H, Ramanathan R, Caggiano LR, Tabima DM, Chesler NC, Philip JL. Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Drivers of the Transition From PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension to Combined Pre-/PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028121. [PMID: 36734341 PMCID: PMC9973648 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Combined pre-/postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH), a complication of left heart failure, is associated with higher mortality rates than isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension alone. Currently, knowledge gaps persist on the mechanisms responsible for the progression of isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Ipc-PH) to Cpc-PH. Here, we review the biomechanical and mechanobiological impact of left heart failure on pulmonary circulation, including mechanotransduction of these pathological forces, which lead to altered biological signaling and detrimental remodeling, driving the progression to Cpc-PH. We focus on pathologically increased cyclic stretch and decreased wall shear stress; mechanotransduction by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pulmonary arterial fibroblasts; and signaling-stimulated remodeling of the pulmonary veins, capillaries, and arteries that propel the transition from Ipc-PH to Cpc-PH. Identifying biomechanical and mechanobiological mechanisms of Cpc-PH progression may highlight potential pharmacologic avenues to prevent right heart failure and subsequent mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Allen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Hailey Frye
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Rasika Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Laura R. Caggiano
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
| | - Diana M. Tabima
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
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24
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Promotion of Lymphangiogenesis by Targeted Delivery of VEGF-C Improves Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030472. [PMID: 36766814 PMCID: PMC9913977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major therapeutic challenge. Lymphatic vessel function is impaired in chronic ulcers but the role of lymphangiogenesis in wound healing has remained unclear. We found that lymphatic vessels are largely absent from chronic human wounds as evaluated in patient biopsies. Excisional wound healing studies were conducted using transgenic mice with or without an increased number of cutaneous lymphatic vessels, as well as antibody-mediated inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. We found that a lack of lymphatic vessels mediated a proinflammatory wound microenvironment and delayed wound closure, and that the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling axis is required for wound lymphangiogenesis. Treatment of diabetic mice (db/db mice) with the F8-VEGF-C fusion protein that targets the alternatively spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, expressed in remodeling tissue, promoted wound healing, and potently induced wound lymphangiogenesis. The treatment also reduced tissue inflammation and exerted beneficial effects on the wound microenvironment, including myofibroblast density and collagen deposition. These findings indicate that activating the lymphatic vasculature might represent a new therapeutic strategy for treating chronic non-healing wounds.
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25
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Munoz-Torres JR, Martínez-González SB, Lozano-Luján AD, Martínez-Vázquez MC, Velasco-Elizondo P, Garza-Veloz I, Martinez-Fierro ML. Biological properties and surgical applications of the human amniotic membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1067480. [PMID: 36698632 PMCID: PMC9868191 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1067480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner part of the placenta. It has been used therapeutically for the last century. The biological proprieties of AM include immunomodulatory, anti-scarring, anti-microbial, pro or anti-angiogenic (surface dependent), and tissue growth promotion. Because of these, AM is a functional tissue for the treatment of different pathologies. The AM is today part of the treatment for various conditions such as wounds, ulcers, burns, adhesions, and skin injury, among others, with surgical resolution. This review focuses on the current surgical areas, including gynecology, plastic surgery, gastrointestinal, traumatology, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology, among others, that use AM as a therapeutic option to increase the success rate of surgical procedures. Currently there are articles describing the mechanisms of action of AM, some therapeutic implications and the use in surgeries of specific surgical areas, this prevents knowing the therapeutic response of AM when used in surgeries of different organs or tissues. Therefore, we described the use of AM in various surgical specialties along with the mechanisms of action, helping to improve the understanding of the therapeutic targets and achieving an adequate perspective of the surgical utility of AM with a particular emphasis on regenerative medicine.
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26
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Cariello M, Squilla A, Piacente M, Venutolo G, Fasano A. Drug Resistance: The Role of Exosomal miRNA in the Microenvironment of Hematopoietic Tumors. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010116. [PMID: 36615316 PMCID: PMC9821808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have an important role thanks to their ability to communicate and exchange information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and have also been associated with communicating anti-cancer drug resistance (DR). The increase in proliferation of cancer cells alters oxygen levels, which causes hypoxia and results in a release of exosomes by the cancer cells. In this review, the results of studies examining the role of exosomal miRNA in DR, and their mechanism, are discussed in detail in hematological tumors: leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In conclusion, we underline the exosome's function as a possible drug delivery vehicle by understanding its cargo. Engineered exosomes can be used to be more specific for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Cariello
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Squilla
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martina Piacente
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgia Venutolo
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-724-4604
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27
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A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Inhibitory Effects of Trastuzumab on the Growth of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244093. [PMID: 36552857 PMCID: PMC9777316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of trastuzumab, it is essential to understand its mechanism of action. One of the significant issues that makes it difficult to determine the precise mechanism of trastuzumab action is the formation of various HER receptor dimers in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. So far, studies have focused on the role of HER2-HER3 heterodimers, and little is known regarding EGFR-HER2 heterodimers. Here, we study the role of trastuzumab on the cell signaling and cell proliferation mediated by EGFR-HER2 heterodimers in BT474 and SRBR3 cells. EGF stimulates the formation of both EGFR homodimer and EGFR-HER2 heterodimer. Trastuzumab only binds to HER2, not EGFR. Therefore, any effects of trastuzumab on EGF-induced activation of EGFR, HER2, and downstream signaling proteins, as well as cell proliferation, are through its effects on EGFR-HER2 heterodimers. We show that trastuzumab inhibits EGF-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. Interestingly trastuzumab strongly inhibits EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation and slightly inhibits EGF-induced Erk activation, in both BT474 and SKBR3 cells. These data suggest the presence of a novel mechanism that allows trastuzumab to inhibit EGR-induced Akt activation and cell proliferation, without blocking EGF-induced EGFR-HER2 heterodimerization and activation. We show that trastuzumab inhibits EGF-induced lipid raft localization of the EGFR-HER2 heterodimer. Disruption of the lipid raft with MβCD blocks HER2-mediated AKT activation in a similar way to trastuzumab. MβCD and trastuzumab synergically inhibit AKT activation. We conclude that trastuzumab inhibits EGF-induced lipid raft localization of EGFR-HER2 heterodimer, which leads to the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation, without blocking the formation and phosphorylation of the EGFR-HER2 heterodimer.
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28
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Espinet E, Klein L, Puré E, Singh SK. Mechanisms of PDAC subtype heterogeneity and therapy response. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1060-1071. [PMID: 36117109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is clinically challenging due to late diagnosis and resistance to therapy. Two major PDAC subtypes have been defined based on malignant epithelial cell gene expression profiles; the basal-like/squamous subtype is associated with a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance as opposed to the classical subtype. Subtype specification is not binary, consistent with plasticity of malignant cell phenotype. PDAC heterogeneity and plasticity reflect partly malignant cell-intrinsic transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. However, the stromal and immune compartments of the tumor microenvironment (TME) also determine disease progression and therapy response. It is evident that integration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors can dictate subtype heterogeneity, and thus, delineating the pathways involved can help to reprogram PDAC towards a classical/druggable subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Espinet
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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29
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Latif A, Fisher LE, Dundas AA, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Imir Z, Lawler K, Pappalardo F, Muir BW, Wildman R, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Ghaemmaghami AM. Microparticles Decorated with Cell-Instructive Surface Chemistries Actively Promote Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2208364. [PMID: 36440539 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving close crosstalk between various cell types. Dysregulation in any of these processes, such as in diabetic wounds, results in chronic nonhealing wounds. Fibroblasts are a critical cell type involved in the formation of granulation tissue, essential for effective wound healing. 315 different polymer surfaces are screened to identify candidates which actively drive fibroblasts toward either pro- or antiproliferative functional phenotypes. Fibroblast-instructive chemistries are identified, which are synthesized into surfactants to fabricate easy to administer microparticles for direct application to diabetic wounds. The pro-proliferative microfluidic derived particles are able to successfully promote neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, and wound closure after a single application to the wound bed. These active novel bio-instructive microparticles show great potential as a route to reducing the burden of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Latif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leanne E Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam A Dundas
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Zeynep Imir
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Karen Lawler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Benjamin W Muir
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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30
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Brassington K, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Toh BH, Peter K, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Crosstalk between cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and stressed cardiomyocytes triggers development of interstitial cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive mouse hearts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040233. [PMID: 36483558 PMCID: PMC9724649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac fibrosis is central to heart failure (HF), especially HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), often caused by hypertension. Despite fibrosis causing diastolic dysfunction and impaired electrical conduction, responsible for arrhythmia-induced sudden cardiac death, the mechanisms are poorly defined and effective therapies are lacking. Here we show that crosstalk between cardiac cytotoxic memory CD8+ T cells and overly stressed cardiomyocytes is essential for development of non-ischemic hypertensive cardiac fibrosis. Methods and results CD8 T cell depletion in hypertensive mice, strongly attenuated CF, reduced cardiac apoptosis and improved ventricular relaxation. Interaction between cytotoxic memory CD8+ T cells and overly stressed cardiomyocytes is highly dependent on the CD8+ T cells expressing the innate stress-sensing receptor NKG2D and stressed cardiomyocytes expressing the NKG2D activating ligand RAE-1. The interaction between NKG2D and RAE-1 results in CD8+ T cell activation, release of perforin, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased numbers of TGF-β1 expressing macrophages and fibrosis. Deleting NKG2D or perforin from CD8+ T cells greatly attenuates these effects. Activation of the cytoplasmic DNA-STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway in overly stressed cardiomyocytes is responsible for elevating RAE-1 and MCP-1, a macrophage attracting chemokine. Inhibiting STING activation greatly attenuates cardiomyocyte RAE-1 expression, the cardiomyocyte apoptosis, TGF-β1 and fibrosis. Conclusion Our data highlight a novel pathway by which CD8 T cells contribute to an early triggering mechanism in CF development; preventing CD8+ T cell activation by inhibiting the cardiomyocyte RAE-1-CD8+ T cell-NKG2D axis holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies to limit hypertensive cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Brassington
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Tin Kyaw,
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Gibb AA, Huynh AT, Gaspar RB, Ploesch TL, Lombardi AA, Lorkiewicz PK, Lazaropoulos MP, Bedi K, Arany Z, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Glutamine uptake and catabolism is required for myofibroblast formation and persistence. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:78-89. [PMID: 35988357 PMCID: PMC10486318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling are mediated by resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). In response to injury, fibroblasts activate, differentiating into specialized synthetic and contractile myofibroblasts producing copious extracellular matrix proteins (e.g., collagens). Myofibroblast persistence in chronic diseases, such as HF, leads to progressive cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling. We recently reported that an increase in αKG (alpha-ketoglutarate) bioavailability, which contributes to enhanced αKG-dependent lysine demethylase activity and chromatin remodeling, is required for myofibroblast formation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the substrates and metabolic pathways contributing to αKG biosynthesis and their requirement for myofibroblast formation. METHODS Stable isotope metabolomics identified glutaminolysis as a key metabolic pathway required for αKG biosynthesis and myofibroblast formation, therefore we tested the effects of pharmacologic inhibition (CB-839) or genetic deletion of glutaminase (Gls1-/-) on myofibroblast formation in both murine and human cardiac fibroblasts. We employed immunofluorescence staining, functional gel contraction, western blotting, and bioenergetic assays to determine the myofibroblast phenotype. RESULTS Carbon tracing indicated enhanced glutaminolysis mediating increased αKG abundance. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of glutaminolysis prevented myofibroblast formation indicated by a reduction in αSMA+ cells, collagen gel contraction, collagen abundance, and the bioenergetic response. Inhibition of glutaminolysis also prevented TGFβ-mediated histone demethylation and supplementation with cell-permeable αKG rescued the myofibroblast phenotype. Importantly, inhibition of glutaminolysis was sufficient to prevent myofibroblast formation in CFs isolated from the human failing heart. CONCLUSIONS These results define glutaminolysis as necessary for myofibroblast formation and persistence, providing substantial rationale to evaluate several new therapeutic targets to treat cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Anh T Huynh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ryan B Gaspar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tori L Ploesch
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Alyssa A Lombardi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael P Lazaropoulos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ken Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Anti-Fibrotic Potential of Tomentosenol A, a Constituent of Cerumen from the Australian Native Stingless Bee, Tetragonula carbonaria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081604. [PMID: 36009323 PMCID: PMC9404848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation was used to isolate two compounds, tomentosenol A (1) and torellianone A (2), from a cerumen extract from Tetragonula carbonaria. The anti-fibrotic activity of these compounds was examined using human cultured neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) and immortalised keratinocytes (HaCaTs). Tomentosenol A (1), inhibited NFF and HaCaT cell proliferation and prevented NFF and HaCaT scratch wound repopulation at 12.5-25 µM concentrations. These inhibitory effects were associated with reduced cell viability, determined by tetrazolium dye (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Compound 1 further inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated, NFF-myofibroblast differentiation and soluble collagen production; and was an effective scavenger of the model oxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), with an EC50 value of 44.7 ± 3.1 µM. These findings reveal significant anti-fibrotic potential for cerumen-derived tomentosenol A (1).
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Bianchi L, Altera A, Barone V, Bonente D, Bacci T, De Benedetto E, Bini L, Tosi GM, Galvagni F, Bertelli E. Untangling the Extracellular Matrix of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: A Path Winding among Structure, Interactomics and Translational Medicine. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162531. [PMID: 36010606 PMCID: PMC9406781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) are fibrocellular sheets of tissue that develop at the vitreoretinal interface. The iERMs consist of cells and an extracellular matrix (ECM) formed by a complex array of structural proteins and a large number of proteins that regulate cell–matrix interaction, matrix deposition and remodelling. Many components of the ECM tend to produce a layered pattern that can influence the tractional properties of the membranes. We applied a bioinformatics approach on a list of proteins previously identified with an MS-based proteomic analysis on samples of iERM to report the interactome of some key proteins. The performed pathway analysis highlights interactions occurring among ECM molecules, their cell receptors and intra- or extracellular proteins that may play a role in matrix biology in this special context. In particular, integrin β1, cathepsin B, epidermal growth factor receptor, protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 and prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 are key hubs in the outlined protein–protein cross-talks. A section on the biomarkers that can be found in the vitreous humor of patients affected by iERM and that can modulate matrix deposition is also presented. Finally, translational medicine in iERM treatment has been summed up taking stock of the techniques that have been proposed for pharmacologic vitreolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altera
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena De Benedetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Hwang J, Kiick KL, Sullivan MO. Modified hyaluronic acid-collagen matrices trigger efficient gene transfer and prohealing behavior in fibroblasts for improved wound repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:138-153. [PMID: 35907557 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor therapy has demonstrated great promise for chronic wound repair, but controlling growth factor activity and cell phenotype over desired time frames remains a critical challenge. In this study, we developed a gene-activated hyaluronic acid-collagen matrix (GAHCM) comprising DNA/polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes retained on hyaluronic acid (HA)-collagen hydrogels using collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs). We hypothesized that manipulating both the number of CMP-collagen tethers and the ECM composition would provide a powerful strategy to control growth factor gene transfer kinetics while regulating cell behavior, resulting in enhanced growth factor activity for wound repair. We observed that polyplexes with 50% CMP-modified PEI (50 CP) showed enhanced retention of polyplexes in HCM hydrogels by 2.7-fold as compared to non-CMP modified polyplexes. Moreover, the incorporation of HA in the hydrogel promoted a significant increase in gene transfection efficiency based upon analysis of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) reporter gene expression, and gene expression could be attenuated by blocking HA-CD44 signaling. Furthermore, when fibroblasts were exposed to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-GAHCM, the 50 CP matrix facilitated sustained VEGF-A production for up to 7 days, with maximal expression at day 5. Application of these VEGF-A-50 CP samples stimulated prolonged pro-healing responses, including the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast-like phenotypes and enhanced closure of murine splinted wounds. Overall, these findings demonstrate the use of ECM-based materials to stimulate efficient gene transfer and regulate cellular phenotype, resulting in improved control of growth factor activity for wound repair. GAHCM have significant potential to overcome key challenges in growth factor therapy for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite great promise for growth factor therapies in wound treatment, controlling growth factor activity and providing a microenvironment for cells that maximizes growth factor signaling have continued to limit the success of existing formulations. Our GAHCM strategy, combining CMP gene delivery and hyaluronic acid-collagen matrix, enabled enhanced wound healing efficacy via the combination of controlled and localized growth factor expression and matrix-mediated regulation of cell behavior. Incorporation of CMPs and HA in the same matrix synergistically enhanced VEGF activity as compared with simpler matrices. Accordingly, GAHCM will advance our ability to leverage growth factor signaling for wound healing, resulting in new long-term treatments for recalcitrant wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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35
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Ying W, Hu Y, Zhu H. Expression of CD44, Transforming Growth Factor-β, and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Front Surg 2022; 9:902871. [PMID: 35910471 PMCID: PMC9334776 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.902871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defects in the pelvic floor connective tissue may underlie the etiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesized that the expression of proteins regulating extracellular matrix turnover is altered in the uterosacral ligament of women with POP. We compared the expression of CD44, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2/9 in women with and without POP. Methods and Results This matched case-control study included 30 postmenopausal women, with POP stage 2 and higher according to the POP quantification system, and 30 postmenopausal women without POP. Immunohistochemical analyses of the uterosacral ligament specimens obtained after hysterectomy were performed to determine CD44, TGF-β, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. The expression was quantified using ImageJ software, and the association between prolapse occurrence and risk factors was evaluated using Spearman's correlation analysis. CD44 expressions were significantly lower (p < 0.05), whereas MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was higher (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), in the POP group than in the control group. The expression of TGF-β was similar in both groups. The occurrence of uterine prolapse was positively correlated with age, postmenopausal age, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with CD44 expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion CD44, MMP-2, and MMP-9 may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of POP and may be candidate biomarkers of POP progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ying
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China
- Correspondence: HaiBin Zhu
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González-Sánchez E, Muñoz-Callejas A, Gómez-Román J, San Antonio E, Marengo A, Tsapis N, Bohne-Japiassu K, González-Tajuelo R, Pereda S, García-Pérez J, Cavagna L, González-Gay MÁ, Vicente-Rabaneda E, Meloni F, Fattal E, Castañeda S, Urzainqui A. Everolimus targeted nanotherapy reduces inflammation and fibrosis in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) developed by PSGL-1 deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4534-4548. [PMID: 35726496 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and current therapies available are of low efficacy or high toxicity. Thus, the identification of innovative less toxic and high efficacy therapeutic approaches to ILD treatment is a crucial point. P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) interaction with P-selectin initiates leukocyte extravasation and the lack of its expression brings to SSc-like syndrome with high incidence of ILD in aged mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aged PSGL-1-/- mice were used to assay the therapeutic efficacy of an innovative nanotherapy with everolimus (Ev), included in liposomes decorated with high MW hyaluronic acid (LipHA+Ev) and administrated intratracheally to specifically target CD44-expressing lung cells. KEY RESULTS PSGL-1-/- mice had increased number of CD45+ and CD45- cells, including alveolar and interstitial macrophages, eosinophils, granulocytes and NK cells, and elevated number of myofibroblasts in broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). CD45+ and CD45- cells expressing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines were also increased. PSGL-1-/- mice lung histopathology showed increased immune cell infiltration and apoptosis and exacerbated interstitial and peribronchial fibrosis. Targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev reduced BAL number of myofibroblast, cells producing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and the degree of lung inflammation at histology. LipHA+Ev treatment also provided an important decrease in severity of peribronchial and interstitial lung fibrosis from moderate to mild injury score. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our preclinical study in PSGL-1-/- mice indicates that targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev represents an effective treatment for SSc-ILD, reducing the number of inflammatory and fibrotic cells in BAL and reducing inflammation and fibrosis in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Román
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Esther San Antonio
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Marengo
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kamila Bohne-Japiassu
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rafael González-Tajuelo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray Pereda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Pneumology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Rheumatology Department, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Vicente-Rabaneda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federica Meloni
- Internal Medicine Department, Pneumology Division, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation and Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Cathedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
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Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Liao Z, Dong L, Wang C. Reprograming the immune niche for skin tissue regeneration - From cellular mechanisms to biomaterials applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114298. [PMID: 35439569 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic approaches for skin repair, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers remain an unaddressed problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial and diverse roles of the immune cells in the development and repair of the skin tissue, prompting new research to focus on further understanding and modulating the local immune niche for comprehensive, 'perfect' regeneration. In this review, we first introduce how different immunocytes and certain stromal cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity coordinate to maintain the immune niche and tissue homeostasis, with emphasis on their specific roles in normal and pathological wound healing. We then discuss novel engineering approaches - particularly biomaterials systems and cellular therapies - to target different players of the immune niche, with three major aims to i) overcome 'under-healing', ii) avoid 'over-healing', and iii) promote functional restoration, including appendage development. Finally, we highlight how these strategies strive to manage chronic wounds and achieve full structural and functional skin recovery by creating desirable 'soil' through modulating the immune microenvironment.
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Palisoc PJ, Vaikutis L, Gurrea-Rubio M, Model EN, O'mara MM, Ory S, Vichaikul S, Khanna D, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Functional Characterization of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B in Scleroderma Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814533. [PMID: 35280996 PMCID: PMC8907428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is involved in various cell functions such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we set forth to determine the role of GPNMB in systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from skin biopsies from healthy subjects and patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc. GPNMB was upregulated in dcSSc fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts, and correlated negatively with the modified Rodnan skin score. In addition, dcSSc fibroblasts secreted higher levels of soluble (s)GPNMB (147.4 ± 50.2 pg/ml vs. 84.8 ± 14.8 pg/ml, p<0.05), partly due to increased ADAM10. sGPNMB downregulated profibrotic genes in dcSSc fibroblasts and inhibited cell proliferation and gel contraction. The anti-fibrotic effect of sGPNMB was at least in part mediated through CD44, which is regulated by histone acetylation. TGFβ downregulated GPNMB and decreased the release of its soluble form in normal fibroblasts. In dcSSc fibroblasts, GPNMB is upregulated by its own soluble form. Our data demonstrate an anti-fibrotic role of sGPNMB in SSc and established a role for the ADAM10-sGPNMB-CD44 axis in dermal fibroblasts. Upregulating GPNMB expression might provide a novel therapeutic approach in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Palisoc
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah Vaikutis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mikel Gurrea-Rubio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ellen N Model
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan M O'mara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Ory
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sirapa Vichaikul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Augoff K, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Tabola R, Stach K. MMP9: A Tough Target for Targeted Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071847. [PMID: 35406619 PMCID: PMC8998077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Having the capability to proteolyze diverse structural and signaling proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), one of the best-studied secretory endopeptidases, has been identified as a crucial mediator of processes closely associated with tumorigenesis, such as the extracellular matrix reorganization, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration, new blood vessel formation, and immune response. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on MMP9 and its role in cancer growth in the context of cell adhesion/migration, cancer-related inflammation, and tumor microenvironment formation. We also summarize recent achievements in the development of selective MMP9 inhibitors and the limitations of using them as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Renata Tabola
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamilla Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Wang X, Ansari A, Pierre V, Young K, Kothapalli CR, von Recum HA, Senyo SE. Injectable Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Promote Heart Regeneration in Mice with Post-ischemic Heart Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102265. [PMID: 35118812 PMCID: PMC9035118 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart injury causes permanent cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis impairing cardiac function. Tissue derived biomaterials have shown promise as an injectable treatment for the post-ischemic heart. Specifically, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a protein rich suspension that forms a therapeutic hydrogel once injected and improves the heart post-injury response in rodents and pig models. Current dECM-derived biomaterials are delivered to the heart as a liquid dECM hydrogel precursor or colloidal suspension, which gels over several minutes. To increase the functionality of the dECM therapy, an injectable solid dECM microparticle formulation derived from heart tissue to control sizing and extend stability in aqueous conditions is developed. When delivered into the infarcted mouse heart, these dECM microparticles protect cardiac function promote vessel density and reduce left ventricular remodeling by sustained delivery of biomolecules. Longer retention, higher stiffness, and slower protein release of dECM microparticles are noted compared to liquid dECM hydrogel precursor. In addition, the dECM microparticle can be developed as a platform for macromolecule delivery. Together, the results suggest that dECM microparticles can be developed as a modular therapy for heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ali Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kathleen Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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41
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Schmaus A, Rothley M, Schreiber C, Möller S, Roßwag S, Franz S, Garvalov BK, Thiele W, Spataro S, Herskind C, Prunotto M, Anderegg U, Schnabelrauch M, Sleeman J. Sulfated hyaluronic acid inhibits the hyaluronidase CEMIP and regulates the HA metabolism, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:173-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rakheja D, Park JY, Fernandes NJ, Watt TC, Laetsch TW, Collins RRJ. Pediatric Non-Myofibroblastic Primitive Spindle Cell Tumors with ALK Gene Rearrangements and Response to Crizotinib. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:706-715. [PMID: 35164578 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221080072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe two poorly differentiated, non-myofibroblastic (SMA-, S100+, CD34±), spindle cell neoplasms with immunohistochemical positivity for ALK and with ALK gene rearrangements leading to PLEKHH2::ALK and CLTC::ALK fusions, respectively. ALK protein overexpression and/or gene fusions should be evaluated in poorly differentiated spindle cell neoplasms, even when there is an absence of a myofibroblastic phenotype. A positive ALK evaluation has therapeutic implications as both tumors responded to single-agent treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Neil J Fernandes
- Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tanya C Watt
- Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Division of Oncology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca R J Collins
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
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43
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CaMKII Mediates TGFβ1-Induced Fibroblasts Activation and Its Cross Talk with Colon Cancer Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:134-145. [PMID: 33528688 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as the activated fibroblasts in tumor stroma, are important modifiers of tumor progression. TGFβ1 has been the mostly accepted factor to fuel normal fibroblasts transformation into CAFs. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is thought to play an important role in fibroblasts activation induced by TGFβ1. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of CaMKII in TGFβ1-induced fibroblasts activation and CAF-like differentiation. Cross talk between CaMKII-dependent fibroblasts and colon cancer in colon cancer progression also was addressed RESULTS: Immunostaining demonstrated that in colon cancer stroma, CaMKII overexpressed in stromal CAFs. In vitro, TGFβ1 increased CAF markers expression in human colon fibroblasts CCD-18Co, but not in CaMKII depletion fibroblasts. CaMKII knockdown by CaMKII shRNA significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced fibroblasts activation and CAF-like differentiation. Smad3, AKT, and MAPK were targeted in TGFβ1-CaMKII-mediated pathway. Human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 activated fibroblasts directly, whereas CaMKII depletion dragged CCD-18Co fibroblasts undergoing CAF-associated trans-differentiation. Furthermore, increased proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells were stimulated when co-cultured with normal fibroblasts, but not with CaMKII depletion fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that CaMKII is a critical mediator in TGFβ1-induced fibroblasts activation and is involved in the cross talk with colon cancer cells. CaMKII is a potentially effective target for future treatment of colon cancer.
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44
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Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212179. [PMID: 34830058 PMCID: PMC8624248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2–4 years from the time of diagnosis. Although IPF has unknown aetiology by definition, there have been identified several risks factors increasing the probability of the onset and progression of the disease in IPF patients such as cigarette smoking and environmental risk factors associated with domestic and occupational exposure. Among them, cigarette smoking together with concomitant emphysema might predispose IPF patients to lung cancer (LC), mostly to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increasing the risk of lung cancer development. To this purpose, IPF and LC share several cellular and molecular processes driving the progression of both pathologies such as fibroblast transition proliferation and activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and many genetic and epigenetic markers that predispose IPF patients to LC development. Nintedanib, a tyrosine–kinase inhibitor, was firstly developed as an anticancer drug and then recognized as an anti-fibrotic agent based on the common target molecular pathway. In this review our aim is to describe the updated studies on common cellular and molecular mechanisms between IPF and lung cancer, knowledge of which might help to find novel therapeutic targets for this disease combination.
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45
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Hu H, Piotrowska Z, Hare PJ, Chen H, Mulvey HE, Mayfield A, Noeen S, Kattermann K, Greenberg M, Williams A, Riley AK, Wilson JJ, Mao YQ, Huang RP, Banwait MK, Ho J, Crowther GS, Hariri LP, Heist RS, Kodack DP, Pinello L, Shaw AT, Mino-Kenudson M, Hata AN, Sequist LV, Benes CH, Niederst MJ, Engelman JA. Three subtypes of lung cancer fibroblasts define distinct therapeutic paradigms. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1531-1547.e10. [PMID: 34624218 PMCID: PMC8578451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous. With the lack of a comprehensive understanding of CAFs' functional distinctions, it remains unclear how cancer treatments could be personalized based on CAFs in a patient's tumor. We have established a living biobank of CAFs derived from biopsies of patients' non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) that encompasses a broad molecular spectrum of CAFs in clinical NSCLC. By functionally interrogating CAF heterogeneity using the same therapeutics received by patients, we identify three functional subtypes: (1) robustly protective of cancers and highly expressing HGF and FGF7; (2) moderately protective of cancers and highly expressing FGF7; and (3) those providing minimal protection. These functional differences among CAFs are governed by their intrinsic TGF-β signaling, which suppresses HGF and FGF7 expression. This CAF functional classification correlates with patients' clinical response to targeted therapies and also associates with the tumor immune microenvironment, therefore providing an avenue to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Hu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Zofia Piotrowska
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patricia J Hare
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hillary E Mulvey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aislinn Mayfield
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sundus Noeen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Krystina Kattermann
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Max Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - August Williams
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amanda K Riley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Ying-Qing Mao
- RayBiotech Inc, Norcross, GA 30092, USA; RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech Inc, Norcross, GA 30092, USA; RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Mandeep K Banwait
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Giovanna S Crowther
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David P Kodack
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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46
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Rijal G. Understanding the Role of Fibroblasts following a 3D Tumoroid Implantation for Breast Tumor Formation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110163. [PMID: 34821729 PMCID: PMC8615023 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the participation and modulation of fibroblasts during tumor formation and growth is still unclear. Among many speculates, one might be the technical challenge to reveal the versatile function of fibroblasts in tissue complexity, and another is the dynamics in tissue physiology and cell activity. The histology of most solid tumors shows a predominant presence of fibroblasts, suggesting that tumor cells recruit fibroblasts for breast tumor growth. In this review paper, therefore, the migration, activation, differentiation, secretion, and signaling systems that are associated with fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) after implantation of a breast tumoroid, i.e., a lab-generated tumor tissue into an animal, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Rijal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Public Health, Tarleton State University, a Member of Texas A & M University System, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
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47
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Erdogan SS, Gur TF, Terzi NK, Dogan B. Evaluation of the cutaneous wound healing potential of tamanu oil in wounds induced in rats. J Wound Care 2021; 30:Vi-Vx. [PMID: 34597168 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2021.30.sup9a.v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tamanu is a plant oil derived from the fruit and seeds of the Calophyllum inophyllum tree. Although scientific data on tamanu oil are limited, it is recommended worldwide for the treatment of abrasions, burns, diabetic wounds and scars. This study aimed to compare the wound healing efficacy of the topical use of tamanu oil with a reference drug in rats. METHODS Uniform wounds were induced on the dorsum of 21 rats, randomly divided into three groups. The control group received normal saline; the tamanu group received tamanu oil; and the centella group was treated with Centella asiatica. Wound healing was clinically evaluated using wound healing scoring and wound contraction. A biopsy was taken from the wound sites of each rat on days 7, 14 and 21 for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Wound contraction was significantly lower in the tamanu group compared with the other groups. On day 7, the intensity of macrophage infiltration and mature granulation tissues were significantly higher in the centella and tamanu groups than in the control group. Fibrosis and collagen density were higher in the tamanu group than the other groups on day 7. CONCLUSION In wound healing in rats, tamanu oil accelerated the formation of macrophage-granulation tissues-fibrosis and resulted in less wound contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil S Erdogan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba F Gur
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan K Terzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilal Dogan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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48
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CD147 mediates the CD44s-dependent differentiation of myofibroblasts driven by transforming growth factor-β 1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100987. [PMID: 34364871 PMCID: PMC8405944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis leads to loss of organ function and affects many organs as a result of excessive extracellular matrix production. The ubiquitous matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) is central to this through association with its primary receptor, CD44, which exists as standard CD44 (CD44s) or multiple splice variants. Mediators such as profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β are widely associated with fibrotic progression. TGF-β1 induces myofibroblast differentiation, while IL-1β induces a proinflammatory fibroblast phenotype that promotes fibroblast binding to monocyte/macrophages. CD44 expression is essential for both responses. Potential CD44 splice variants involved, however, are unidentified. The TGF-β1-activated CD44/epidermal growth factor receptor complex induces differentiation of metastatic cells through interactions with the matrix metalloproteinase inducer, CD147. This study aimed to determine the CD44 variants involved in TGF-β1- and IL-1β-mediated responses and to investigate the potential profibrotic role of CD147. Using immunocytochemistry and quantitative PCR, standard CD44s were shown to be essential for both TGF-β1-induced fibroblast/myofibroblast differentiation and IL-1β-induced monocyte binding. Co-immunoprecipitation identified that CD147 associated with CD44s. Using CD147-siRNA and confocal microscopy, we also determined that incorporation of the myofibroblast marker, αSMA, into F-actin stress fibers was prevented in the absence of CD147 and myofibroblast-dependent collagen gel contraction was inhibited. CD147 did not associate with HA, but removal of HA prevented the association of CD44s with CD147 at points of cell–cell contact. Taken together, our data suggest that CD44s/CD147 colocalization is essential in regulating the mechanical tension required for the αSMA incorporation into F-actin stress fibers that regulates myofibroblast phenotype.
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49
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Osawa Y, Kawai H, Tsunoda T, Komatsu H, Okawara M, Tsutsui Y, Yoshida Y, Yoshikawa S, Mori T, Yamazoe T, Yoshio S, Oide T, Inui A, Kanto T. Cluster of Differentiation 44 Promotes Liver Fibrosis and Serves as a Biomarker in Congestive Hepatopathy. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1437-1447. [PMID: 34430787 PMCID: PMC8369942 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive hepatopathy (CH) with chronic passive congestion is characterized by the progression of liver fibrosis without prominent inflammation and hepatocellular damage. Currently, the lack of reliable biomarkers for liver fibrosis in CH often precludes the clinical management of patients with CH. To explore fibrosis biomarkers, we performed proteome analysis on serum exosomes isolated from patients with CH after the Fontan procedure. Exosomal cluster of differentiation (CD)44 levels were increased in patients with CH compared to healthy volunteers and was accompanied by increases in serum levels of soluble CD44 and CD44 expression in the liver. To address the roles of CD44 in CH, we established a mouse model of chronic liver congestion by partial inferior vena cava ligation (pIVCL) that mimics CH by fibrosis progression with less inflammation and cellular damage. In the pIVCL mice, enhanced CD44 expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and deposition of its ligand hyaluronan were observed in the liver. Blood levels of soluble CD44 were correlated with liver fibrosis. The blockade of CD44 with specific antibody inhibited liver fibrosis in pIVCL mice and was accompanied by a reduction in S100 calcium-binding protein A4 expression following activation of HSCs. Conclusion: Chronic liver congestion promotes fibrosis through CD44. This identifies CD44 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of liver fibrosis in patients with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osawa
- Department of GastroenterologyInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan.,Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Hironari Kawai
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and GastroenterologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTsurumi, YokohamaJapan
| | - Haruki Komatsu
- Department of PediatricsToho University Medical CenterSakura HospitalSakuraJapan
| | - Miku Okawara
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Yuriko Tsutsui
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Shiori Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Taiji Yamazoe
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Takashi Oide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKohnodai HospitalNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and GastroenterologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTsurumi, YokohamaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
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50
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Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081095. [PMID: 34439762 PMCID: PMC8391320 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.
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