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Tsutsumi C, Uegaki K, Yamashita R, Ushioda R, Nagata K. Zn 2+-dependent functional switching of ERp18, an ER-resident thioredoxin-like protein. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113682. [PMID: 38330940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ERp18 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident thioredoxin (Trx) family protein, similar to cytosolic Trx1. The Trx-like domain occupies a major portion of the whole ERp18 structure, which is postulated to be an ER paralog of cytosolic Trx1. Here, we elucidate that zinc ion (Zn2+) binds ERp18 through its catalytic motif, triggering oligomerization of ERp18 from a monomer to a trimer. While the monomeric ERp18 has disulfide oxidoreductase activity, the trimeric ERp18 acquires scavenger activity for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the ER. Depletion of ERp18 thus causes the accumulation of H2O2, which is produced during the oxidative folding of nascent polypeptides in the ER. ERp18 knockdown in C. elegans without Prx4 and GPx7/8, both of which are also known to have H2O2 scavenging activity in the ER, shortened the lifespan, suggesting that ERp18 may form a primitive and essential H2O2 scavenging system for the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kaiku Uegaki
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riyuji Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; JT Biohistory Research Hall, Murasaki Town 1-1, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1125, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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2
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Uegaki K, Tokunaga Y, Inoue M, Takashima S, Inaba K, Takeuchi K, Ushioda R, Nagata K. The oxidative folding of nascent polypeptides provides electrons for reductive reactions in the ER. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112742. [PMID: 37421625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) maintains an oxidative redox environment that is advantageous for the oxidative folding of nascent polypeptides entering the ER. Reductive reactions within the ER are also crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis. However, the mechanism by which electrons are supplied for the reductase activity within the ER remains unknown. Here, we identify ER oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) as an electron donor for ERdj5, an ER-resident disulfide reductase. During oxidative folding, Ero1α catalyzes disulfide formation in nascent polypeptides through protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and then transfers the electrons to molecular oxygen via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), ultimately yielding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Besides this canonical electron pathway, we reveal that ERdj5 accepts electrons from specific cysteine pairs in Ero1α, demonstrating that the oxidative folding of nascent polypeptides provides electrons for reductive reactions in the ER. Moreover, this electron transfer pathway also contributes to maintaining ER homeostasis by reducing H2O2 production in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiku Uegaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michio Inoue
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; JT Biohistory Research Hall, Murasaki Town 1-1, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
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Amagai Y, Yamada M, Kowada T, Watanabe T, Du Y, Liu R, Naramoto S, Watanabe S, Kyozuka J, Anelli T, Tempio T, Sitia R, Mizukami S, Inaba K. Zinc homeostasis governed by Golgi-resident ZnT family members regulates ERp44-mediated proteostasis at the ER-Golgi interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2683. [PMID: 37160917 PMCID: PMC10170084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many secretory enzymes acquire essential zinc ions (Zn2+) in the Golgi complex. ERp44, a chaperone operating in the early secretory pathway, also binds Zn2+ to regulate its client binding and release for the control of protein traffic and homeostasis. Notably, three membrane transporter complexes, ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7, import Zn2+ into the Golgi lumen in exchange with protons. To identify their specific roles, we here perform quantitative Zn2+ imaging using super-resolution microscopy and Zn2+-probes targeted in specific Golgi subregions. Systematic ZnT-knockdowns reveal that ZnT4, ZnT5/ZnT6 and ZnT7 regulate labile Zn2+ concentration at the distal, medial, and proximal Golgi, respectively, consistent with their localization. Time-course imaging of cells undergoing synchronized secretory protein traffic and functional assays demonstrates that ZnT-mediated Zn2+ fluxes tune the localization, trafficking, and client-retrieval activity of ERp44. Altogether, this study provides deep mechanistic insights into how ZnTs control Zn2+ homeostasis and ERp44-mediated proteostasis along the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Momo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuyin Du
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tempio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Gong X, Guo Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a thioredoxin-like protein gene in rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104615. [PMID: 36521672 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin-like protein exists widely, in various organisms, as a regulator of redox homeostasis. In this study, the full-length cDNA of a thioredoxin-like protein gene from rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (designated as BpTXNL) was obtained by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technology. The complete cDNA of BpTXNL was 1111 bp, and contained a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 69 bp, a 3' UTR of 163 bp with a polyadenylate additional signal and a polyadenylation site (PAS), and an open reading frame (ORF) of 878 bp, encoding 292 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of the deduced BpTXNL peptide were 32.7 kDa and 4.97, respectively. The deduced protein sequence of BpTXNL contained a thioredoxin domain with the conserved redox-active site at 33CGPC36 and a proteasome-interacting thioredoxin (PITH) domain. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BpTXNL was clustered with TXNLs of Strongyloides ratti and Caenorhabditis elegans. The temporal mRNA expression level of BpTXNL significantly decreased at 6 h, then increased to the peak 24h after the 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) challenge, while the mRNA transcripts of BpTXNL significantly increased and reached the peaks twice, at 6 h and 24 h after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The recombinant BpTXNL protein quickly exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant capacity and the peak occurred at 55 min in the 20 μM group. All these results showed that BpTXNL possesses an antioxidant capacity, and that it may be involved in the regulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) during environmental stress or pathogen invading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China
| | - Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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5
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Xie H, Wang YH, Liu X, Gao J, Yang C, Huang T, Zhang L, Luo X, Gao Z, Wang T, Yan T, Liu Y, Yang P, Yu Q, Liu S, Wang Y, Xiong F, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Wang CY. SUMOylation of ERp44 enhances Ero1α ER retention contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Metabolism 2023; 139:155351. [PMID: 36427672 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the only E2 conjugating enzyme for the SUMO system, Ubc9-mediated SUMOylation has been recognized to regulate diverse biological processes, but its impact on adipocytes relevant to obesity and insulin resistance is yet to be elucidated. METHODS We established adipocyte-specific Ubc9 deficient mice to explore the effects of Ubc9 on obesity and metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in adult mice. The molecular targets of SUMOylation were explored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation in T2D was analyzed. RESULTS Adipocyte-specific depletion of Ubc9 (AdipoQ-Cre-Ubc9fl/fl, Ubc9AKO) protected mice from HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis. The Ubc9AKO mice were featured by the reduced HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory response. Mechanically, over nutrition rendered adipocytes to undergo a SUMOylation turnover characterized by the change of SUMOylation levels and substrates. ERp44 displayed the highest change in terms of SUMOylation levels of substrates involved in ER-related functions. The lack of ERp44 SUMOylation at lysine 76 (K76) located within the thioredoxin (TRX)-like domain by Ubc9 deficiency enhanced its degradation and suppressed its covalent binding to Ero1α, an oxidase that exists in the ER but lacks ER retention motif, thereby alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting Ero1α secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that modulation of ERp44 SUMOylation in adipocytes could be a feasible strategy against obesity and insulin resistance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunliang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Yan
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, 82 Qinglong Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Vargas-Zapata V, Geiger KM, Tran D, Ma J, Mao X, Puschnik AS, Coscoy L. SARS-CoV-2 Envelope-mediated Golgi pH dysregulation interferes with ERAAP retention in cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.29.518257. [PMID: 36482965 PMCID: PMC9727756 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.29.518257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP) trims peptide precursors in the ER for presentation by major histocompatibility (MHC)-I molecules to surveying CD8+ T-cells. This function allows ERAAP to regulate the nature and quality of the peptide repertoire and, accordingly, the resulting immune responses. We recently showed that infection with murine cytomegalovirus leads to a dramatic loss of ERAAP levels in infected cells. In mice, this loss is associated with the activation of QFL T-cells, a subset of T-cells that monitor ERAAP integrity and eliminate cells experiencing ERAAP dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to identify host factors that regulate ERAAP expression level and determine whether these could be manipulated during viral infections. We performed a CRISPR knockout screen and identified ERp44 as a factor promoting ERAAP retention in the ER. ERp44's interaction with ERAAP is dependent on the pH gradient between the ER and Golgi. We hypothesized that viruses that disrupt the pH of the secretory pathway interfere with ERAAP retention. Here, we demonstrate that expression of the Envelope (E) protein from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to Golgi pH neutralization and consequently decrease of ERAAP intracellular levels. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2-induced ERAAP loss correlates with its release into the extracellular environment. ERAAP's reliance on ERp44 and a functioning ER/Golgi pH gradient for proper localization and function led us to propose that ERAAP serves as a sensor of disturbances in the secretory pathway during infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Vargas-Zapata
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kristina M Geiger
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dan Tran
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Ma
- Division of Microbial Biology, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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7
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Essential Roles of Peroxiredoxin IV in Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196513. [PMID: 36235049 PMCID: PMC9573489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is a 2-Cysteine peroxidase with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prx4 scavenges hydrogen peroxide and participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, Prx4 is secreted outside the cell. Prx4 is upregulated in several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. We have summarized historical and recent advances in the structure, function and biological roles of Prx4, focusing on inflammatory diseases and cancer. Oxidative stress is known to activate pro-inflammatory pathways. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Hence, redox enzymes such as Prx4 are important players in the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of regulation of Prx4 expression and associated signaling pathways in normal physiological and disease conditions should reveal new therapeutic strategies. Thus, although Prx4 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer, further research needs to be conducted to bridge the gap to clinical application.
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8
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Tian Y, Sun H, Bao Y, Feng H, Pang J, En R, Jiang H, Wang T. ERp44 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells Via Activation of ER Stress. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:809-822. [PMID: 36178559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the progression of GC. Rapid proliferation of tumor cells interferes with ER homeostasis, leading to ER stress and triggering unfolded protein response. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate abnormally expressed ER resident proteins (ERp) in cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible roles of ERp44. The mRNA and protein expression of genes were detected using qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell apoptosis was calculated using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing, and cell invasion was measured by transwell assay. We found that ERp44 was obviously decreased in GC tissues. Furthermore, ERp44 overexpression distinctly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MGC-803 and KATO III cells. In contrast, apoptosis was promoted by ERp44 overexpression. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of ERp44 inhibited malignant biological processes by regulating the eIF-2α/CHOP signaling pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ERp44 regulated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis via ERp44/eIF-2α/CHOP axis in GC. Targeting the ERp44and ER stress may be a promising strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Yinshengboer Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Haiping Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Riletu En
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China
| | - Tengqi Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Inner Mongolia Bayannur Hospital, No. 98, Ulan Buhe Road, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia, 015000, China.
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9
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Bi Y, Yang Z, Jin M, Zhai K, Wang J, Mao Y, Liu Y, Ding M, Wang H, Wang F, Cai H, Ji G. ERp44 is required for endocardial cushion development by regulating VEGFA secretion in myocardium. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13179. [PMID: 35088919 PMCID: PMC8891561 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endocardial cushions are precursors of the valve septum complex that separates the four heart chambers. Several genes have been implicated in the development of endocardial cushions. Specifically, ERp44 has been found to play a role in the early secretory pathway, but its function in heart development has not been well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established conditional and tissue-specific knockout mouse models. The morphology, survival rate, the development of heart and endocardial cushion were under evaluation. The relationship between ERp44 and VEGFA was investigated by transcriptome, qPCR, WB, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ERp44 knockout (KO) mice were smaller in size, and most mice died during early postnatal life. KO hearts exhibited the typical phenotypes of congenital heart diseases, such as abnormal heart shapes and severe septal and valvular defects. Similar phenotypes were found in cTNT-Cre+/- ; ERp44fl / fl mice, which indicated that myocardial ERp44 principally controls endocardial cushion formation. Further studies demonstrated that the deletion of ERp44 significantly decreased the proliferation of cushion cells and impaired the endocardial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which was followed by endocardial cushion dysplasia. Finally, we found that ERp44 was directly bound to VEGFA and controlled its release, further regulating EndMT. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ERp44 plays a specific role in heart development. ERp44 contributes to the development of the endocardial cushion by affecting VEGFA-mediated EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mingqin Ding
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of DermatologyAir Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
| | - Guangju Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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10
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Unconventional p97/VCP-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Endosome Trafficking of a Retroviral Protein. J Virol 2021; 95:e0053121. [PMID: 33952644 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00531-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) encodes a Rem precursor protein that specifies both regulatory and accessory functions. Rem is cleaved at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into a functional N-terminal signal peptide (SP) and the C terminus (Rem-CT). Rem-CT lacks a membrane-spanning domain and a known ER retention signal, and yet it was not detectably secreted into cell supernatants. Inhibition of intracellular trafficking by the drug brefeldin A (BFA), which interferes with the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway, resulted in dramatically reduced intracellular Rem-CT levels that were not rescued by proteasomal or lysosomal inhibitors. A Rem mutant lacking glycosylation was cleaved into SP and Rem-CT but was insensitive to BFA, suggesting that unglycosylated Rem-CT does not reach this BFA-dependent compartment. Treatment with endoglycosidase H indicated that Rem-CT does not traffic through the Golgi apparatus. Analysis of wild-type Rem-CT and its glycosylation mutant by confocal microscopy revealed that both were primarily localized to the ER lumen. A small fraction of wild-type Rem-CT, but not the unglycosylated mutant, was colocalized with Rab5-positive (Rab5+) early endosomes. The expression of a dominant-negative (DN) form of ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) (containing a mutation of threonine to asparagine at position 31 [T31N]) mimicked the effects of BFA by reducing Rem-CT levels and increased Rem-CT association with early and late endosomes. Inhibition of the AAA ATPase p97/VCP rescued Rem-CT in the presence of BFA or DN Arf1 and prevented localization to Rab5+ endosomes. Thus, Rem-CT uses an unconventional p97-mediated scheme for trafficking to early endosomes. IMPORTANCE Mouse mammary tumor virus is a complex retrovirus that encodes a regulatory/accessory protein, Rem. Rem is a precursor protein that is processed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by signal peptidase. The N-terminal SP uses the p97/VCP ATPase to elude ER-associated degradation to traffic to the nucleus and serve a human immunodeficiency virus Rev-like function. In contrast, the function of the C-terminal glycosylated cleavage product (Rem-CT) is unknown. Since localization is critical for protein function, we used mutants, inhibitors, and confocal microscopy to localize Rem-CT. Surprisingly, Rem-CT, which lacks a transmembrane domain or an ER retention signal, was detected primarily within the ER and required glycosylation and the p97 ATPase for early endosome trafficking without passage through the Golgi apparatus. Thus, Rem-CT uses a novel intracellular trafficking pathway, potentially impacting host antiviral immunity.
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11
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Peroxiredoxins-The Underrated Actors during Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060977. [PMID: 34207367 PMCID: PMC8234473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections, has attributed much attention in the past years. It has been shown that different viruses that cause acute or chronic diseases induce oxidative stress in infected cells and dysregulate antioxidant its antioxidant capacity. However, most studies focused on catalase and superoxide dismutases, whereas a family of peroxiredoxins (Prdx), the most effective peroxide scavengers, were given little or no attention. In the current review, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydrogen and organic peroxides at their physiological concentrations at various cell compartments, unlike many other antioxidant enzymes, and discuss their recycling. We also provide data on the regulation of their expression by various transcription factors, as they can be compared with the imprint of viruses on transcriptional machinery. Next, we discuss the involvement of peroxiredoxins in transferring signals from ROS on specific proteins by promoting the oxidation of target cysteine groups, as well as briefly demonstrate evidence of nonenzymatic, chaperone, functions of Prdx. Finally, we give an account of the current state of research of peroxiredoxins for various viruses. These data clearly show that Prdx have not been given proper attention despite all the achievements in general redox biology.
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12
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Bi Y, Chang Y, Liu Q, Mao Y, Zhai K, Zhou Y, Jiao R, Ji G. ERp44/CG9911 promotes fat storage in Drosophila adipocytes by regulating ER Ca 2+ homeostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15013-15031. [PMID: 34031268 PMCID: PMC8221293 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fat storage is one of the important strategies employed in regulating energy homeostasis. Impaired lipid storage causes metabolic disorders in both mammals and Drosophila. In this study, we report CG9911, the Drosophila homolog of ERp44 (endoplasmic reticulum protein 44) plays a role in regulating adipose tissue fat storage. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated a CG9911 mutant line deleting 5 bp of the coding sequence. The mutant flies exhibit phenotypes of lower bodyweight, fewer lipid droplets, reduced TAG level and increased expression of lipolysis related genes. The increased lipolysis phenotype is enhanced in the presence of ER stresses and suppressed by a reduction of the ER Ca2+. Moreover, loss of CG9911 per se results in a decrease of ER Ca2+ in the fat body. Together, our results reveal a novel function of CG9911 in promoting fat storage via regulating ER Ca2+ signal in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Renjie Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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13
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Elko EA, Manuel AM, White S, Zito E, van der Vliet A, Anathy V, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Oxidation of peroxiredoxin-4 induces oligomerization and promotes interaction with proteins governing protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100665. [PMID: 33895140 PMCID: PMC8141880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PRDX4 is the only peroxiredoxin located within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is the most highly expressed H2O2 scavenger in the ER. PRDX4 has emerged as an important player in numerous diseases, such as fibrosis and metabolic syndromes, and its overoxidation is a potential indicator of ER redox stress. It is unclear how overoxidation of PRDX4 governs its oligomerization state and interacting partners. Herein, we addressed these questions via nonreducing Western blots, mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis. We report that the oxidation of PRDX4 in lung epithelial cells treated with tertbutyl hydroperoxide caused a shift of PRDX4 from monomer/dimer to high molecular weight (HMW) species, which contain PRDX4 modified with sulfonic acid residues (PRDX4-SO3), as well as of a complement of ER-associated proteins, including protein disulfide isomerases important in protein folding, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5, and heat shock protein A5, a key regulator of the ER stress response. Mutation of any of the four cysteines in PRDX4 altered the HMW species in response to tertbutyl hydroperoxide as well as the secretion of PRDX4. We also demonstrate that the expression of ER oxidoreductase 1 alpha, which generates H2O2 in the ER, increased PRDX4 HMW formation and secretion. These results suggest a link between SO3 modification in the formation of HMW PRDX4 complexes in cells, whereas the association of key regulators of ER homeostasis with HMW oxidized PRDX4 point to a putative role of PRDX4 in regulating ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sheryl White
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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14
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A virtuous cycle operated by ERp44 and ERGIC-53 guarantees proteostasis in the early secretory compartment. iScience 2021; 24:102244. [PMID: 33763635 PMCID: PMC7973864 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the secretome depends on the combined action of cargo receptors that facilitate protein transport and sequential checkpoints that restrict it to native conformers. Acting after endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, ERp44 retrieves its clients from downstream compartments. To guarantee efficient quality control, ERp44 should exit the ER as rapidly as its clients, or more. Here, we show that appending ERp44 to different cargo proteins increases their secretion rates. ERp44 binds the cargo receptor ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-53 in the ER to negotiate preferential loading into COPII vesicles. Silencing ERGIC-53, or competing for its COPII binding with 4-phenylbutyrate, causes secretion of Prdx4, an enzyme that relies on ERp44 for intracellular localization. In more acidic, zinc-rich downstream compartments, ERGIC-53 releases its clients and ERp44, which can bind and retrieve non-native conformers via KDEL receptors. By coupling the transport of cargoes and inspector proteins, cells ensure efficiency and fidelity of secretion.
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15
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Tempio T, Anelli T. The pivotal role of ERp44 in patrolling protein secretion. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/21/jcs240366. [PMID: 33173013 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between protein ligands and receptors are the main language of intercellular communication; hence, how cells select proteins to be secreted or presented on the plasma membrane is a central concern in cell biology. A series of checkpoints are located along the secretory pathway, which ensure the fidelity of such protein signals (quality control). Proteins that pass the checkpoints operated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as HSPA5 and GRP78) and the calnexin-calreticulin systems, must still overcome additional scrutiny in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the Golgi. One of the main players of this process in all metazoans is the ER-resident protein 44 (ERp44); by cycling between the ER and the Golgi, ERp44 controls the localization of key enzymes designed to act in the ER but that are devoid of suitable localization motifs. ERp44 also patrols the secretion of correctly assembled disulfide-linked oligomeric proteins. Here, we discuss the mechanisms driving ERp44 substrate recognition, with important consequences on the definition of 'thiol-mediated quality control'. We also describe how pH and zinc gradients regulate the functional cycle of ERp44, coupling quality control and membrane trafficking along the early secretory compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Tempio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy .,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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16
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Patel C, Saad H, Shenkman M, Lederkremer GZ. Oxidoreductases in Glycoprotein Glycosylation, Folding, and ERAD. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092138. [PMID: 32971745 PMCID: PMC7563561 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation and sugar chain processing, as well as disulfide bond formation, are among the most common post-translational protein modifications taking place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are essential modifications that are required for membrane and secretory proteins to achieve their correct folding and native structure. Several oxidoreductases responsible for disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and reduction have been shown to form stable, functional complexes with enzymes and chaperones that are involved in the initial addition of an N-glycan and in folding and quality control of the glycoproteins. Some of these oxidoreductases are selenoproteins. Recent studies also implicate glycan machinery–oxidoreductase complexes in the recognition and processing of misfolded glycoproteins and their reduction and targeting to ER-associated degradation. This review focuses on the intriguing cooperation between the glycoprotein-specific cell machineries and ER oxidoreductases, and highlights open questions regarding the functions of many members of this large family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Patel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (C.P.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Haddas Saad
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (C.P.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Marina Shenkman
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (C.P.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z. Lederkremer
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (C.P.); (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence:
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17
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Sannasimuthu A, Ramani M, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Mala K, Arockiaraj J. Peroxiredoxin of Arthrospira platensis derived short molecule YT12 influences antioxidant and anticancer activity. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2231-2242. [PMID: 32716104 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates both the antioxidant and anticancer potential of the novel short molecule YT12 derived from peroxiredoxin (Prx) of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis (Ap). ApPrx showed significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) stress. The complementary DNA sequence of ApPrx contained 706 nucleotides and its coding region possessed 546 nucleotides between position 115 and 660. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the messenger RNA expression of ApPrx due to H2 O2 exposure in spirulina cells at regular intervals, in which the highest expression was noticed on Day 20. Cytotoxicity assay was performed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and revealed that at 10 μM, the YT12 did not exhibit any notable toxicity. Furthermore, ROS scavenging activity of YT12 was performed using DCF-DA assay, in which YT12 scavenged a significant amount of ROS at 25 μM in H2 O2 -treated blood leukocytes. The intracellular ROS in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) was regulated by oxidative stress, where the YT12 scavenges ROS in HT-29 cells at 12.5 μM. Findings show that YT12 peptide has anticancer activity, when treated against HT-29 cells. Through the MTT assay, YT12 showed vital cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. These finding suggested that YT12 is a potent antioxidant molecule which defends ROS against oxidative stress and plays a role in redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazahan Sannasimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhura Ramani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nambiappan T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdulla Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.,Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Hu J, Jin J, Qu Y, Liu W, Ma Z, Zhang J, Chen F. ERO1α inhibits cell apoptosis and regulates steroidogenesis in mouse granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110842. [PMID: 32376276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ER oxidoreduclin 1α (ERO1α), an oxidase that exists in the ER, participates in protein folding and secretion and inhibiting apoptosis, and regulates tumor progression, which is a novel factor of poor cancer prognosis. However, the other physiological functions of ERO1α remain undiscovered. Although our preliminary results of this study indicated that ERO1α revealed the robust expression in ovary, especially in granulosa cells, the role of ERO1α in follicular development is not well known. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to explore the role of ERO1α and the possible mechanisms in regulating cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells. ERO1α was mainly localized in granulosa cells and oocytes in the adult ovary by immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ERO1α was highest at oestrous stage during the estrous cycle. The effect of ERO1α on cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis was detected by transduction of ERO1α overexpression and knockdown lentiviruses into primary cultured granulosa cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ERO1α decreased granulosa cells apoptosis. Western bolt and RT-qPCR analysis found that ERO1α increased the ratio of BCL-2/BAX, and decreased BAD and Caspase-3 expression. ELISA analysis showed that ERO1α enhanced estrogen (E2) secretion. Western bolt and RT-qPCR analysis found that ERO1α increased StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1 expression, and decreased CYP1B1 expression. Furthermore, Western bolt analysis found that ERO1αincreased PDI and PRDX 4 expression, and activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway through increasing the phosphorylation of AKT and P70 S6 kinase. In summary, these results suggested that ERO1α might play an anti-apoptotic role and regulate steroidogenesis in granulosa cells, at least partly, via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Protein disulfide isomerase in cardiovascular disease. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:390-399. [PMID: 32203104 PMCID: PMC7156431 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) participates in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that intravascular cell-derived PDI plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis and vascular inflammation. Recent studies with PDI conditional knockout mice have advanced our understanding of the function of cell-specific PDI in disease processes. Furthermore, the identification and development of novel small-molecule PDI inhibitors has led into a new era of PDI research that transitioned from the bench to bedside. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on the regulatory role of PDI in cardiovascular disease. Efforts to untangle the functions of a large family of enzymes could lead researchers to new therapies for diverse cardiovascular diseases. Members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family chemically modify other proteins in ways that can alter both their structure and biological activity. Jaehyung Cho of the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and coworkers have reviewed numerous studies linking PDI with cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis, heart attack, vascular inflammation, and stroke. The authors also report progress in developing small-molecule PDI inhibitors that could yield the treatment for these conditions.
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20
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Elko EA, Cunniff B, Seward DJ, Chia SB, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, Manuel A, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1070-1091. [PMID: 30799628 PMCID: PMC6767868 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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21
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A functionalized hydroxydopamine quinone links thiol modification to neuronal cell death. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101377. [PMID: 31760358 PMCID: PMC6880099 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that dopamine oxidation contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the mechanistic details remain elusive. Here, we compare 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a product of dopamine oxidation that commonly induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in laboratory animals, with a synthetic alkyne-functionalized 6-OHDA variant. This synthetic molecule provides insights into the reactivity of quinone and neuromelanin formation. Employing Huisgen cycloaddition chemistry (or “click chemistry”) and fluorescence imaging, we found that reactive 6-OHDA p-quinones cause widespread protein modification in isolated proteins, lysates and cells. We identified cysteine thiols as the target site and investigated the impact of proteome modification by quinones on cell viability. Mass spectrometry following cycloaddition chemistry produced a large number of 6-OHDA modified targets including proteins involved in redox regulation. Functional in vitro assays demonstrated that 6-OHDA inactivates protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is a central player in protein folding and redox homeostasis. Our study links dopamine oxidation to protein modification and protein folding in dopaminergic neurons and the PD model. Chemical modification of 6-OHDA increases stability of 6-OHDA p-quinone by preventing neuromelanin formation. Modified 6-OHDA enables visualization of thiol-dependent protein modification by p-quinone. Wide-spread proteome modification by 6-OHDA p-quinone impairs neuroblastoma viability. 6-OHDA p-quinone inactivates PDI linking dopamine oxidation to protein unfolding.
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22
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Lipinski S, Pfeuffer S, Arnold P, Treitz C, Aden K, Ebsen H, Falk-Paulsen M, Gisch N, Fazio A, Kuiper J, Luzius A, Billmann-Born S, Schreiber S, Nuñez G, Beer HD, Strowig T, Lamkanfi M, Tholey A, Rosenstiel P. Prdx4 limits caspase-1 activation and restricts inflammasome-mediated signaling by extracellular vesicles. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101266. [PMID: 31544965 PMCID: PMC6792017 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes, which orchestrate the maturation of active IL‐1β by proteolytic cleavage via caspase‐1. Although many principles of inflammasome activation have been described, mechanisms that limit inflammasome‐dependent immune responses remain poorly defined. Here, we show that the thiol‐specific peroxidase peroxiredoxin‐4 (Prdx4) directly regulates IL‐1β generation by interfering with caspase‐1 activity. We demonstrate that caspase‐1 and Prdx4 form a redox‐sensitive regulatory complex via caspase‐1 cysteine 397 that leads to caspase‐1 sequestration and inactivation. Mice lacking Prdx4 show an increased susceptibility to LPS‐induced septic shock. This effect was phenocopied in mice carrying a conditional deletion of Prdx4 in the myeloid lineage (Prdx4‐ΔLysMCre). Strikingly, we demonstrate that Prdx4 co‐localizes with inflammasome components in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from inflammasome‐activated macrophages. Purified EVs are able to transmit a robust IL‐1β‐dependent inflammatory response in vitro and also in recipient mice in vivo. Loss of Prdx4 boosts the pro‐inflammatory potential of EVs. These findings identify Prdx4 as a critical regulator of inflammasome activity and provide new insights into remote cell‐to‐cell communication function of inflammasomes via macrophage‐derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Pfeuffer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Treitz
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henriette Ebsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Antonella Fazio
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Kuiper
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Billmann-Born
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Liyanage D, Omeka W, Lee J. Molecular characterization, host defense mechanisms, and functional analysis of ERp44 from big-belly seahorse: A novel member of the teleost thioredoxin family present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Ushioda R, Nagata K. Redox-Mediated Regulatory Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033910. [PMID: 30396882 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle responsible for many cellular functions in eukaryotic cells. Proper redox conditions in the ER are necessary for the functions of many luminal pathways and the maintenance of homeostasis. The redox environment in the ER is oxidative compared with that of the cytosol, and a network of oxidoreductases centering on the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-Ero1α hub complex is constructed for efficient electron transfer. Although these oxidizing environments are advantageous for oxidative folding for protein maturation, electron transfer is strictly controlled by Ero1α structurally and spatially. The ER redox environment shifts to a reductive environment under certain stress conditions. In this review, we focus on the reducing reactions that maintain ER homeostasis and introduce their significance in an oxidative ER environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ushioda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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25
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Zinc regulates ERp44-dependent protein quality control in the early secretory pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:603. [PMID: 30723194 PMCID: PMC6363758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported into the early secretory pathway by Golgi-resident transporters, but their handling and functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that Zn2+ binds with high affinity to the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44, modulating its localization and ability to retrieve clients like Ero1α and ERAP1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Silencing the Zn2+ transporters that uptake Zn2+ into the Golgi led to ERp44 dysfunction and increased secretion of Ero1α and ERAP1. High-resolution crystal structures of Zn2+-bound ERp44 reveal that Zn2+ binds to a conserved histidine-cluster. The consequent large displacements of the regulatory C-terminal tail expose the substrate-binding surface and RDEL motif, ensuring client capture and retrieval. ERp44 also forms Zn2+-bridged homodimers, which dissociate upon client binding. Histidine mutations in the Zn2+-binding sites compromise ERp44 activity and localization. Our findings reveal a role of Zn2+ as a key regulator of protein quality control at the ER-Golgi interface. Zinc ions (Zn2+) are imported by Golgi-resident transporters but the function of zinc in the early secretory pathway has remained unknown. Here the authors find that Zn2+ regulates protein quality control in the early secretory pathway by demonstrating that the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44 binds Zn2+ and solving the Zn2+-bound ERp44 structure.
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26
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Caillard A, Sadoune M, Cescau A, Meddour M, Gandon M, Polidano E, Delcayre C, Da Silva K, Manivet P, Gomez AM, Cohen-Solal A, Vodovar N, Li Z, Mebazaa A, Samuel JL. QSOX1, a novel actor of cardiac protection upon acute stress in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Smirnova OA, Bartosch B, Zakirova NF, Kochetkov SN, Ivanov AV. Polyamine Metabolism and Oxidative Protein Folding in the ER as ROS-Producing Systems Neglected in Virology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041219. [PMID: 29673197 PMCID: PMC5979612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in various cell compartments by an array of enzymes and processes. An excess of ROS production can be hazardous for normal cell functioning, whereas at normal levels, ROS act as vital regulators of many signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. ROS production is affected by a wide range of viruses. However, to date, the impact of viral infections has been studied only in respect to selected ROS-generating enzymes. The role of several ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes or cellular systems in viral infections has never been addressed. In this review, we focus on the roles of biogenic polyamines and oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their interplay with viruses. Polyamines act as ROS scavengers, however, their catabolism is accompanied by H2O2 production. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced during oxidative protein folding, with ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) being a major source of oxidative equivalents. In addition, Ero1 controls Ca2+ efflux from the ER in response to e.g., ER stress. Here, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the physiological roles of biogenic polyamines and the role of Ero1 at the ER, and present available data on their interplay with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS 5286, Lyon University, 69003 Lyon, France.
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex), Lyon 69003, France.
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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28
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Abstract
Cysteine thiols are among the most reactive functional groups in proteins, and their pairing in disulfide linkages is a common post-translational modification in proteins entering the secretory pathway. This modest amino acid alteration, the mere removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms from juxtaposed cysteine residues, contrasts with the substantial changes that characterize most other post-translational reactions. However, the wide variety of proteins that contain disulfides, the profound impact of cross-linking on the behavior of the protein polymer, the numerous and diverse players in intracellular pathways for disulfide formation, and the distinct biological settings in which disulfide bond formation can take place belie the simplicity of the process. Here we lay the groundwork for appreciating the mechanisms and consequences of disulfide bond formation in vivo by reviewing chemical principles underlying cysteine pairing and oxidation. We then show how enzymes tune redox-active cofactors and recruit oxidants to improve the specificity and efficiency of disulfide formation. Finally, we discuss disulfide bond formation in a cellular context and identify important principles that contribute to productive thiol oxidation in complex, crowded, dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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29
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Structural basis of pH-dependent client binding by ERp44, a key regulator of protein secretion at the ER-Golgi interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3224-E3232. [PMID: 28373561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621426114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp44 retrieves some endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzymes and immature oligomers of secretory proteins from the Golgi. Association of ERp44 with its clients is regulated by pH-dependent mechanisms, but the molecular details are not fully understood. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of human ERp44 at neutral and weakly acidic pH. These structures reveal key regions in the C-terminal tail (C tail) missing in the original crystal structure, including a regulatory histidine-rich region and a subsequent extended loop. The former region forms a short α-helix (α16), generating a histidine-clustered site (His cluster). At low pH, the three Trx-like domains of ERp44 ("a," "b," and "b'") undergo significant rearrangements, likely induced by protonation of His157 located at the interface between the a and b domains. The α16-helix is partially unwound and the extended loop is disordered in weakly acidic conditions, probably due to electrostatic repulsion between the protonated histidines in the His cluster. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that helix unwinding enhances the flexibility of the C tail, disrupting its normal hydrogen-bonding pattern. The observed pH-dependent conformational changes significantly enlarge the positively charged regions around the client-binding site of ERp44 at low pH. Mutational analyses showed that ERp44 forms mixed disulfides with specific cysteines residing on negatively charged loop regions of Ero1α. We propose that the protonation states of the essential histidines regulate the ERp44-client interaction by altering the C-tail dynamics and surface electrostatic potential of ERp44.
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30
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Soares Moretti AI, Martins Laurindo FR. Protein disulfide isomerases: Redox connections in and out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:106-119. [PMID: 27889386 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily. As redox folding catalysts from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), their roles in ER-related redox homeostasis and signaling are well-studied. PDIA1 exerts thiol oxidation/reduction and isomerization, plus chaperone effects. Also, substantial evidence indicates that PDIs regulate thiol-disulfide switches in other cell locations such as cell surface and possibly cytosol. Subcellular PDI translocation routes remain unclear and seem Golgi-independent. The list of signaling and structural proteins reportedly regulated by PDIs keeps growing, via thiol switches involving oxidation, reduction and isomerization, S-(de)nytrosylation, (de)glutathyonylation and protein oligomerization. PDIA1 is required for agonist-triggered Nox NADPH oxidase activation and cell migration in vascular cells and macrophages, while PDIA1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation appears a converging pathway. Extracellularly, PDIs crucially regulate thiol redox signaling of thrombosis/platelet activation, e.g., integrins, and PDIA1 supports expansive caliber remodeling during injury repair via matrix/cytoskeletal organization. Some proteins display regulatory PDI-like motifs. PDI effects are orchestrated by expression levels or post-translational modifications. PDI is redox-sensitive, although probably not a mass-effect redox sensor due to kinetic constraints. Rather, the "all-in-one" organization of its peculiar redox/chaperone properties likely provide PDIs with precision and versatility in redox signaling, making them promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Cheng S, Li C, Wang Y, Yang L, Chang Y. Characterization and expression analysis of a thioredoxin-like protein gene in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:165-173. [PMID: 27640155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most important disulfide bond reducates of intracellular oxidordeuctase, thioredoxin (TRX) plays a crucial role in maintaining reducing state of intracellular proteins to normally perform their function. In this study, a cDNA of TRX-like protein gene from Apostichopus japonicus (denoted as AjTRX) was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA of AjTRXwas of 1870 bp, consisting of a 5'-UTR of 101 bp, a long 3'-UTR of 887 bp and a 882 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 293 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass and the theoretical PI of the deduced amino acids of AjTRX were 32.3 kDa and 5.52, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that AjTRX had a closer evolution relationship with TRX from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AjTRX was found to be ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues including longitudinal muscle, coelomocytes, tube feet, intestine, respiratory tree and body wall indicating a general role in physiological processes. Temporal expression pattern of AjTRX in coelomocytes showed that AjTRX reached two peak expression levels at 8 h and 48 h after Vibrio splendidus challenge with a 8.6 and 9.3-fold increase compared to their control groups, respectively. The recombinant AjTRX protein (rAjTRX) displayed obvious antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the higher reducing activity was detected in 20 μM experimental group. All these results strongly suggested that AjTRX could play an important role as an antioxidant in a physiological context, and might be involved in the process of bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Limeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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32
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Crystal Structure of the ERp44-Peroxiredoxin 4 Complex Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Thiol-Mediated Protein Retention. Structure 2016; 24:1755-1765. [PMID: 27642162 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ERp44 controls the localization and transport of diverse proteins in the early secretory pathway. The mechanisms that allow client recognition and the source of the oxidative power for forming intermolecular disulfides are as yet unknown. Here we present the structure of ERp44 bound to a client, peroxiredoxin 4. Our data reveal that ERp44 binds the oxidized form of peroxiredoxin 4 via thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. The structure explains the redox-dependent recognition and characterizes the essential non-covalent interactions at the interface. The ERp44-Prx4 covalent complexes can be reduced by glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase family members in the ER, allowing the two components to recycle. This work provides insights into the mechanisms of thiol-mediated protein retention and indicates the key roles of ERp44 in this biochemical cycle to optimize oxidative folding and redox homeostasis.
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33
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Kook S, Wang P, Young LR, Schwake M, Saftig P, Weng X, Meng Y, Neculai D, Marks MS, Gonzales L, Beers MF, Guttentag S. Impaired Lysosomal Integral Membrane Protein 2-dependent Peroxiredoxin 6 Delivery to Lamellar Bodies Accounts for Altered Alveolar Phospholipid Content in Adaptor Protein-3-deficient pearl Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8414-27. [PMID: 26907692 PMCID: PMC4861416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hermansky Pudlak syndromes (HPS) constitute a family of disorders characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis, often associated with lethal lung fibrosis. HPS results from mutations in genes of membrane trafficking complexes that facilitate delivery of cargo to lysosome-related organelles. Among the affected lysosome-related organelles are lamellar bodies (LB) within alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) in which surfactant components are assembled, modified, and stored. AT2 from HPS patients and mouse models of HPS exhibit enlarged LB with increased phospholipid content, but the mechanism underlying these defects is unknown. We now show that AT2 in the pearl mouse model of HPS type 2 lacking the adaptor protein 3 complex (AP-3) fails to accumulate the soluble enzyme peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in LB. This defect reflects impaired AP-3-dependent trafficking of PRDX6 to LB, because pearl mouse AT2 cells harbor a normal total PRDX6 content. AP-3-dependent targeting of PRDX6 to LB requires the transmembrane protein LIMP-2/SCARB2, a known AP-3-dependent cargo protein that functions as a carrier for lysosomal proteins in other cell types. Depletion of LB PRDX6 in AP-3- or LIMP-2/SCARB2-deficient mice correlates with phospholipid accumulation in lamellar bodies and with defective intraluminal degradation of LB disaturated phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, AP-3-dependent LB targeting is facilitated by protein/protein interaction between LIMP-2/SCARB2 and PRDX6 in vitro and in vivo Our data provide the first evidence for an AP-3-dependent cargo protein required for the maturation of LB in AT2 and suggest that the loss of PRDX6 activity contributes to the pathogenic changes in LB phospholipid homeostasis found HPS2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Wang
- From the Division of Neonatology and
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael Schwake
- the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry III, University of Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Xialian Weng
- the Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Meng
- the Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- the Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michael S Marks
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and of Physiology, and
| | - Linda Gonzales
- Division of Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michael F Beers
- Division of Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Zhang ZZ, Yuan K, Yue HT, Yuan FH, Bi HT, Weng SP, He JG, Chen YH. Identification and functional characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α gene in Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:10-19. [PMID: 26631649 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, full-length sequence of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α (LvERO1-α) was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that LvERO1-α was highly expressed in hemocytes, gills, and intestines. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge was performed, and the expression of LvERO1-α and two other downstream genes of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase-eIF2α (PERK-α) pathway, namely, homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum protein (LvHERP) and acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme (LvAARE), strongly increased in the hemocytes. Flow cytometry assay results indicated that the apoptosis rate of L. vannamei hemocytes in the LvERO1-α knockdown group was significantly lower than that of the controls. Moreover, shrimps with knockdown expression of LvERO1-α exhibited decreased cumulative mortality upon WSSV infection. Downregulation of L. vannamei immunoglobulin-binding protein (LvBip), which had been proven to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) in L. vannamei, did not only upregulate LvERO1-α, LvHERP, and LvAARE in hemocytes, but also increased their apoptosis rate, as well as the shrimp cumulative mortality. Furthermore, reporter gene assay results showed that the promoter of LvERO1-α was activated by L. vannamei activating transcription factor 4, thereby confirming that LvERO1-α was regulated by the PERK-eIF2α pathway. These results suggested that LvERO1-α plays a critical role in WSSV-induced apoptosis, which likely occurs through the WSSV-activated PERK-eIF2α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Feng-Hua Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Ildefonso CJ, Jaime H, Rahman MM, Li Q, Boye SE, Hauswirth WW, Lucas AR, McFadden G, Lewin AS. Gene delivery of a viral anti-inflammatory protein to combat ocular inflammation. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:59-68. [PMID: 25420215 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the retina is a contributing factor in ocular diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The M013 immunomodulatory protein from myxoma virus has been shown to interfere with the proinflammatory signaling pathways involving both the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB. We have developed and characterized an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector that delivers a secretable and cell-penetrating form of the M013 protein (TatM013). The expressed TatM013 protein was secreted and blocked the endotoxin-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β in monocyte-derived cells and the reactive aldehyde-induced secretion of IL-1β in retinal pigment epithelium cells. The local anti-inflammatory effects of AAV-delivered TatM013 were evaluated in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model after intravitreal injection of mice with an AAV2-based vector carrying either TatM013 fused to a secreted green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (sGFP-TatM013) or GFP. Expression of the sGFP-TatM013 transgene was demonstrated by fluorescence funduscopy in living mice. In EIU, the number of infiltrating cells and the concentration of IL-1β in the vitreous body were significantly lower in the eyes injected with AAV-sGFP-TatM013 compared with the eyes injected with control AAV-GFP. These results suggest that a virus-derived inhibitor of the innate immune response, when delivered via AAV, could be a generalized therapy for various inflammatory diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian J Ildefonso
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, FL 32610
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Kirstein J, Morito D, Kakihana T, Sugihara M, Minnen A, Hipp MS, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Kasturi P, Hartl FU, Nagata K, Morimoto RI. Proteotoxic stress and ageing triggers the loss of redox homeostasis across cellular compartments. EMBO J 2015; 34:2334-49. [PMID: 26228940 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular proteostasis network integrates the protein folding and clearance machineries in multiple sub-cellular compartments of the eukaryotic cell. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of membrane and secretory proteins. A distinctive feature of the ER is its tightly controlled redox homeostasis necessary for the formation of inter- and intra-molecular disulphide bonds. Employing genetically encoded in vivo sensors reporting on the redox state in an organelle-specific manner, we show in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that the redox state of the ER is subject to profound changes during worm lifetime. In young animals, the ER is oxidizing and this shifts towards reducing conditions during ageing, whereas in the cytosol the redox state becomes more oxidizing with age. Likewise, the redox state in the cytosol and the ER change in an opposing manner in response to proteotoxic challenges in C. elegans and in HeLa cells revealing conservation of redox homeostasis. Moreover, we show that organelle redox homeostasis is regulated across tissues within C. elegans providing a new measure for organismal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daisuke Morito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Kakihana
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munechika Sugihara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anita Minnen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Prasad Kasturi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α Augments Bacterial Killing through Sustained Oxidant Production. mBio 2015; 6:e00705. [PMID: 26173697 PMCID: PMC4502229 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00705-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection can trigger cellular stress programs, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which occurs when misfolded proteins accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we used the human pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an infection model to probe how ER stress promotes antimicrobial function. MRSA infection activated the most highly conserved unfolded protein response sensor, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), which was necessary for robust bacterial killing in vitro and in vivo. The macrophage IRE1-dependent bactericidal activity required reactive oxygen species (ROS). Viable MRSA cells excluded ROS from the nascent phagosome and strongly triggered IRE1 activation, leading to sustained generation of ROS that were largely Nox2 independent. In contrast, dead MRSA showed early colocalization with ROS but was a poor activator of IRE1 and did not trigger sustained ROS generation. The global ROS stimulated by IRE1 signaling was necessary, but not sufficient, for MRSA killing, which also required the ER resident SNARE Sec22B for accumulation of ROS in the phagosomal compartment. Taken together, these results suggest that IRE1-mediated persistent ROS generation might act as a fail-safe mechanism to kill bacterial pathogens that evade the initial macrophage oxidative burst. Cellular stress programs have been implicated as important components of the innate immune response to infection. The role of the IRE1 pathway of the ER stress response in immune secretory functions, such as antibody production, is well established, but its contribution to innate immunity is less well defined. Here, we show that infection of macrophages with viable MRSA induces IRE1 activation, leading to bacterial killing. IRE1-dependent bactericidal activity required generation of reactive oxygen species in a sustained manner over hours of infection. The SNARE protein Sec22B, which was previously demonstrated to control ER-phagosome trafficking, was dispensable for IRE1-driven global ROS production but necessary for late ROS accumulation in bacteria-containing phagosomes. Our study highlights a key role for IRE1 in promoting macrophage bactericidal capacity and reveals a fail-safe mechanism that leads to the concentration of antimicrobial effector molecules in the macrophage phagosome.
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ERp44 Exerts Redox-Dependent Control of Blood Pressure at the ER. Mol Cell 2015; 58:1015-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Okumura M, Kadokura H, Inaba K. Structures and functions of protein disulfide isomerase family members involved in proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:314-22. [PMID: 25697777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential cellular compartment in which an enormous number of secretory and cell surface membrane proteins are synthesized and subjected to cotranslational or posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. Proper maintenance of ER protein homeostasis (sometimes termed proteostasis) is essential to avoid cellular stresses and diseases caused by abnormal proteins. Accumulating knowledge of cysteine-based redox reactions catalyzed by members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family has revealed that these enzymes play pivotal roles in productive protein folding accompanied by disulfide formation, as well as efficient ER-associated degradation accompanied by disulfide reduction. Each of PDI family members forms a protein-protein interaction with a preferential partner to fulfill a distinct function. Multiple redox pathways that utilize PDIs appear to function synergistically to attain the highest quality and productivity of the ER, even under various stress conditions. This review describes the structures, physiological functions, and cooperative actions of several essential PDIs, and provides important insights into the elaborate proteostatic mechanisms that have evolved in the extremely active and stress-sensitive ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Fujii J, Ikeda Y, Kurahashi T, Homma T. Physiological and pathological views of peroxiredoxin 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:373-9. [PMID: 25656995 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) form an enzyme family that exhibits peroxidase activity using electrons from thioredoxin and other donor molecules. As the signaling roles of hydrogen peroxide in response to extracellular stimuli have emerged, the involvement of PRDX in the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling has become evident. Among six PRDX members in mammalian cells, PRDX4 uniquely possesses a hydrophobic signal peptide at the amino terminus, and, hence, it undergoes either secretion or retention by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. The role of PRDX4 as a sulfoxidase in ER is now attracting much attention regarding the oxidative protein folding of nascent proteins. Contrary to this role in the ER, the functional significance of PRDX4 in the extracellular milieu is virtually unknown despite its implications as a biomarker under pathological conditions in some diseases. Other than its systemically expressed form, a variant form of PRDX4 is transcribed from the upstream promoter/exon 1 of the systemic promoter/exon 1 and is uniquely expressed in sexually matured testes. Circumstantial evidence, together with deduced functions from the systemic form, suggests that there are potential roles for testicular PRDX4 in the reproductive processes such as the regulation of hormonal signals and the oxidative packaging of sperm chromatin. Elucidation of these PRDX4 functions under in vivo situations is expected to show the whole picture of how PRDX4 has evolved in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Ramming T, Okumura M, Kanemura S, Baday S, Birk J, Moes S, Spiess M, Jenö P, Bernèche S, Inaba K, Appenzeller-Herzog C. A PDI-catalyzed thiol-disulfide switch regulates the production of hydrogen peroxide by human Ero1. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:361-72. [PMID: 25697776 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involves ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1)-mediated disulfide formation in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In this process, Ero1 consumes oxygen (O2) and releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but none of the published Ero1 crystal structures reveal any potential pathway for entry and exit of these reactants. We report that additional mutation of the Cys(208)-Cys(241) disulfide in hyperactive Ero1α (Ero1α-C104A/C131A) potentiates H2O2 production, ER oxidation, and cell toxicity. This disulfide clamps two helices that seal the flavin cofactor where O2 is reduced to H2O2. Through its carboxyterminal active site, PDI unlocks this seal by forming a Cys(208)/Cys(241)-dependent mixed-disulfide complex with Ero1α. The H2O2-detoxifying glutathione peroxidase 8 also binds to the Cys(208)/Cys(241) loop region. Supported by O2 diffusion simulations, these data describe the first enzymatically controlled O2 access into a flavoprotein active site, provide molecular-level understanding of Ero1α regulation and H2O2 production/detoxification, and establish the deleterious consequences of constitutive Ero1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ramming
- Division of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sefer Baday
- Swiss Institutes of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Birk
- Division of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzette Moes
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Spiess
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenö
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bernèche
- Swiss Institutes of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christian Appenzeller-Herzog
- Division of Molecular & Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Delaunay-Moisan A, Appenzeller-Herzog C. The antioxidant machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum: Protection and signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:341-51. [PMID: 25744411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is inherently linked to the production of oxidizing by-products, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When present in excess, H2O2 can damage cellular biomolecules, but when produced in coordinated fashion, it typically serves as a mobile signaling messenger. It is therefore not surprising that cell health critically relies on both low-molecular-weight and enzymatic antioxidant components, which protect from ROS-mediated damage and shape the propagation and duration of ROS signals. This review focuses on H2O2-antioxidant cross talk in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is intimately linked to the process of oxidative protein folding. ER-resident or ER-regulated sources of H2O2 and other ROS, which are subgrouped into constitutive and stimulated sources, are discussed and set into context with the diverse antioxidant mechanisms in the organelle. These include two types of peroxide-reducing enzymes, a high concentration of glutathione derived from the cytosol, and feedback-regulated thiol-disulfide switches, which negatively control the major ER oxidase ER oxidoreductin-1. Finally, new evidence highlighting emerging principles of H2O2-based cues at the ER will likely set a basis for establishing ER redox processes as a major line of future signaling research. A fundamental problem that remains to be solved is the specific, quantitative, time resolved, and targeted detection of H2O2 in the ER and in specialized ER subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydants et Cancer, CEA-Saclay, Service de Biologie Intégrative et de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay, Commissariat à l׳Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France/Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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Anelli T, Sannino S, Sitia R. Proteostasis and "redoxtasis" in the secretory pathway: Tales of tails from ERp44 and immunoglobulins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:323-30. [PMID: 25744412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, some cells are given the task of secreting huge quantities of proteins. To comply with their duty, they generally equip themselves with a highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and downstream organelles in the secretory pathway. These professional secretors face paramount proteostatic challenges in that they need to couple efficiency and fidelity in their secretory processes. On one hand, stringent quality control (QC) mechanisms operate from the ER onward to check the integrity of the secretome. On the other, the pressure to secrete can be overwhelming, as for instance on antibody-producing cells during infection. Maintaining homeostasis is particularly hard when the products to be released contain disulfide bonds, because oxidative folding entails production of reactive oxygen species. How are redox homeostasis ("redoxtasis") and proteostasis maintained despite the massive fluxes of cargo proteins traversing the pathway? Here we describe recent findings on how ERp44, a multifunctional chaperone of the secretory pathway, can modulate these processes integrating protein QC, redoxtasis, and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Anelli
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sannino
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Gutiérrez T, Simmen T. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and oxidoreductases: critical regulators of tumor cell survival and immunorecognition. Front Oncol 2014; 4:291. [PMID: 25386408 PMCID: PMC4209815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones and oxidoreductases are abundant enzymes that mediate the production of fully folded secretory and transmembrane proteins. Resisting the Golgi and plasma membrane-directed “bulk flow,” ER chaperones and oxidoreductases enter retrograde trafficking whenever they are pulled outside of the ER by their substrates. Solid tumors are characterized by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), combined with reduced blood flow that leads to low oxygen supply and ER stress. Under these conditions, hypoxia and the unfolded protein response upregulate their target genes. When this occurs, ER oxidoreductases and chaperones become important regulators of tumor growth. However, under these conditions, these proteins not only promote the folding of proteins, but also alter the properties of the plasma membrane and hence modulate tumor immune recognition. For instance, high levels of calreticulin serve as an “eat-me” signal on the surface of tumor cells. Conversely, both intracellular and surface BiP/GRP78 promotes tumor growth. Other ER folding assistants able to modulate the properties of tumor tissue include protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), Ero1α and GRP94. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of ER chaperones in regulating tumor cell functions and immunorecognition will lead to important insight for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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Mossuto MF, Sannino S, Mazza D, Fagioli C, Vitale M, Yoboue ED, Sitia R, Anelli T. A dynamic study of protein secretion and aggregation in the secretory pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108496. [PMID: 25279560 PMCID: PMC4184786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coordination of protein biogenesis, traffic and homeostasis within the early secretory compartment (ESC) is key for cell physiology. As a consequence, disturbances in these processes underlie many genetic and chronic diseases. Dynamic imaging methods are needed to follow the fate of cargo proteins and their interactions with resident enzymes and folding assistants. Here we applied the Halotag labelling system to study the behavior of proteins with different fates and roles in ESC: a chaperone, an ERAD substrate and an aggregation-prone molecule. Exploiting the Halo property of binding covalently ligands labelled with different fluorochromes, we developed and performed non-radioactive pulse and chase assays to follow sequential waves of proteins in ESC, discriminating between young and old molecules at the single cell level. In this way, we could monitor secretion and degradation of ER proteins in living cells. We can also follow the biogenesis, growth, accumulation and movements of protein aggregates in the ESC. Our data show that protein deposits within ESC grow by sequential apposition of molecules up to a given size, after which novel seeds are detected. The possibility of using ligands with distinct optical and physical properties offers a novel possibility to dynamically follow the fate of proteins in the ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, IT
| | - Davide Mazza
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Milena Vitale
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Edgar Djaha Yoboue
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, IT
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, IT
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Ali Khan H, Mutus B. Protein disulfide isomerase a multifunctional protein with multiple physiological roles. Front Chem 2014; 2:70. [PMID: 25207270 PMCID: PMC4144422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily of redox proteins. PDI has three catalytic activities including, thiol-disulfide oxireductase, disulfide isomerase and redox-dependent chaperone. Originally, PDI was identified in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently detected at additional locations, such as cell surfaces and the cytosol. This review will provide an overview of the recent advances in relating the structural features of PDI to its multiple catalytic roles as well as its physiological and pathophysiological functions related to redox regulation and protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyder Ali Khan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Bulent Mutus
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Windsor Windsor, ON, Canada
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Sannino S, Anelli T, Cortini M, Masui S, Degano M, Fagioli C, Inaba K, Sitia R. Progressive quality control of secretory proteins in the early secretory compartment by ERp44. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4260-9. [PMID: 25097228 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp44 is a pH-regulated chaperone of the secretory pathway. In the acidic milieu of the Golgi, its C-terminal tail changes conformation, simultaneously exposing the substrate-binding site for cargo capture and the RDEL motif for ER retrieval through interactions with cognate receptors. Protonation of cysteine 29 in the active site allows tail movements in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that conserved histidine residues in the C-terminal tail also regulate ERp44 in vivo. Mutants lacking these histidine residues retain substrates more efficiently. Surprisingly, they are also O-glycosylated and partially secreted. Co-expression of client proteins prevents secretion of the histidine mutants, forcing tail opening and RDEL accessibility. Client-induced RDEL exposure allows retrieval of proteins from distinct stations along the secretory pathway, as indicated by the changes in O-glycosylation patterns upon overexpression of different partners. The ensuing gradients might help to optimize folding and assembly of different cargoes. Endogenous ERp44 is O-glycosylated and secreted by human primary endometrial cells, suggesting possible pathophysiological roles of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Anelli
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Cortini
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Shoji Masui
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Massimo Degano
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology and Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Norisada J, Hirata Y, Amaya F, Kiuchi K, Oh-hashi K. A sensitive assay for the biosynthesis and secretion of MANF using NanoLuc activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:483-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Griffiths HR, Dias IHK, Willetts RS, Devitt A. Redox regulation of protein damage in plasma. Redox Biol 2014; 2:430-5. [PMID: 24624332 PMCID: PMC3949090 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and concentrations of modified proteins circulating in plasma depend on rates of protein synthesis, modification and clearance. In early studies, the proteins most frequently analysed for damage were those which were more abundant in plasma (e.g. albumin and immunoglobulins) which exist at up to 10 orders of magnitude higher concentrations than other plasma proteins e.g. cytokines. However, advances in analytical techniques using mass spectrometry and immuno-affinity purification methods, have facilitated analysis of less abundant, modified proteins and the nature of modifications at specific sites is now being characterised. The damaging reactive species that cause protein modifications in plasma principally arise from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOX), nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and oxygenase activities; reactive nitrogen species (RNS) from myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NOS activities; and hypochlorous acid from MPO. Secondary damage to proteins may be caused by oxidized lipids and glucose autooxidation. In this review, we focus on redox regulatory control of those enzymes and processes which control protein maturation during synthesis, produce reactive species, repair and remove damaged plasma proteins. We have highlighted the potential for alterations in the extracellular redox compartment to regulate intracellular redox state and, conversely, for intracellular oxidative stress to alter the cellular secretome and composition of extracellular vesicles. Through secreted, redox-active regulatory molecules, changes in redox state may be transmitted to distant sites. Loss of redox homeostasis may affect the secretome content and protein concentration, transmitting redox signals to distant cells through extracellular vesicles. Damaged glycoforms may arise from oxidants or aberrant biosynthetic regulation. Reactive species generation by NOX and NOS is controlled through redox regulation. Cell surface and plasma thiol-oxidised proteins can be reduced and their activity modulated by thioredoxin, protein disulphide isomerase and reductases.
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Key Words
- Ageing
- BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin
- COX, cyclo-oxygenase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERO1, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1
- EV, extracellular vesicles
- FX1, factor XI
- GPI, glycoprotein 1
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GRX, glutaredoxin
- GSH, glutathione
- Glycosylation
- MIRNA, microRNA
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NOX, NADPH oxidase
- Nitration
- O2•−, superoxide anion radical
- ONOO-, peroxynitrite
- Oxidation
- PDI, protein disulphide isomerase
- Peroxiredoxin
- Prx, peroxiredoxin
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive nitrogen species
- Thioredoxin
- Trx, thioredoxin
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- XO, xanthine oxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rachel S Willetts
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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