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Qiu Z, Cui J, Huang Q, Qi B, Xia Z. Roles of O-GlcNAcylation in Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:571. [PMID: 38790676 PMCID: PMC11117601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications are important factors that mediate the fine regulation of signaling molecules. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a monosaccharide modification on N-acetylglucosamine linked to the hydroxyl terminus of serine and threonine of proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to cellular stress as a reversible and posttranslational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. Mitochondrial proteins are the main targets of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis by directly regulating the mitochondrial proteome or protein activity and function. Disruption of O-GlcNAcylation is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. More importantly, the O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins has been proven to be protective or harmful to cardiac function. Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for cardiac contractile function and myocardial cell metabolism, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we will focus on the interactions between protein O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial homeostasis and provide insights on the role of mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Biao Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Orthopaedics Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Medicine Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
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Kim DY, Kim SM, Cho EJ, Kwak HB, Han IO. Protective effect of increased O-GlcNAc cycling against 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease pathology. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:287. [PMID: 38654003 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurodegeneration and the underlying mechanisms. We observed dose-dependent downregulation of O-GlcNAcylation, accompanied by an increase in O-GlcNAcase following 6-OHDA treatment in both mouse brain and Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, elevating O-GlcNAcylation through glucosamine (GlcN) injection provided protection against PD pathogenesis induced by 6-OHDA. At the behavioral level, GlcN mitigated motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA, as determined using the pole, cylinder, and apomorphine rotation tests. Furthermore, GlcN attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, augmented O-GlcNAcylation, achieved through O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) overexpression in mouse brain, conferred protection against 6-OHDA-induced PD pathology, encompassing neuronal cell death, motor deficits, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These collective findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of dopamine neurons. Moreover, enhancing O-GlcNAcylation through genetic and pharmacological means could effectively ameliorate neurodegeneration and motor impairment in an animal model of PD. These results propose a potential strategy for safeguarding against the deterioration of dopamine neurons implicated in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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3
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Alghusen IM, Carman MS, Wilkins H, Ephrame SJ, Qiang A, Dias WB, Fedosyuk H, Denson AR, Swerdlow RH, Slawson C. O-GlcNAc regulates the mitochondrial integrated stress response by regulating ATF4. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1326127. [PMID: 38192280 PMCID: PMC10773771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1326127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunctional is a hallmark of age-related neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and increasing neuronal stress. Therefore, investigating the basic mechanisms of how mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated is essential. Herein, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation, a single sugar post-translational modification, in controlling mitochondrial stress-induced transcription factor Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4). Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response (ISRmt), in which the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α results in the translation of ATF4. Methods We used patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, a transgenic mouse model of AD, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines to examine the effect of sustained O-GlcNAcase inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) on ISRmt using biochemical analyses. Results We show that TMG elevates ATF4 protein levels upon mitochondrial stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines. An indirect downstream target of ATF4 mitochondrial chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) is significantly elevated. Interestingly, knock-down of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, in SH-SY5Y increases ATF4 protein and mRNA expression. Additionally, ATF4 target gene Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) is significantly elevated at both the protein and mRNA level. Brains isolated from TMG treated mice show elevated levels of ATF4 and GRP75. Importantly, ATF4 occupancy increases at the ATF5 promoter site in brains isolated from TMG treated mice suggesting that O-GlcNAc is regulating ATF4 targeted gene expression. Interestingly, ATF4 and GRP75 are not induced in TMG treated familial Alzheimer's Disease mice model. The same results are seen in a human in vitro model of AD. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that in healthy conditions, O-GlcNAc regulates the ISRmt through regulating ATF4, while manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD has no effect on ISRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihal M. Alghusen
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Marisa S. Carman
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Heather Wilkins
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sophiya John Ephrame
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Amy Qiang
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Wagner B. Dias
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Halyna Fedosyuk
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Aspin R. Denson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Ding K, Xu Q, Zhang X, Liu S. Metabolomic insights into neurological effects of BDE-47 exposure in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115558. [PMID: 37820477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The persistent organic pollutant 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a prevalent congener among polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exhibits potent bioaccumulation and toxicity. Despite extensive research into the adverse effects of BDE-47, its neurotoxicity in sea cucumbers remains unexplored. Given the crucial role of the sea cucumber's nervous system in survival and adaptation, evaluating the impacts of BDE-47 is vital for sustainable aquaculture and consumption. In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS) to analyze metabolomic changes in neuro-related tissues of Apostichopus japonicus exposed to low (0.1 µg/L), medium (1.0 µg/L), and high (10.0 µg/L) BDE-47 concentrations. We identified significantly changed metabolites in each exposure group (87 in low, 79 in medium, and 102 in high), affecting a variety of physiological processes such as steroid hormone balance, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, and neuroprotection. In addition, we identified concentration-dependent, common, and some other metabolic responses in the neuro-related tissues. Our findings reveal critical insights into the neurotoxic effects of BDE-47 in sea cucumbers and contribute to risk assessment related to BDE-47 exposure in the sea cucumber industry, paving the way for future neurotoxicological research in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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5
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Le Minh G, Esquea EM, Young RG, Huang J, Reginato MJ. On a sugar high: Role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105344. [PMID: 37838167 PMCID: PMC10641670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression have led to the development of novel therapeutic targeting strategies. Aberrant glycosylation patterns and their implication in cancer have gained increasing attention as potential targets due to the critical role of glycosylation in regulating tumor-specific pathways that contribute to cancer cell survival, proliferation, and progression. A special type of glycosylation that has been gaining momentum in cancer research is the modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins, termed O-GlcNAcylation. This protein modification is catalyzed by an enzyme called O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which uses the final product of the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to connect altered nutrient availability to changes in cellular signaling that contribute to multiple aspects of tumor progression. Both O-GlcNAc and its enzyme OGT are highly elevated in cancer and fulfill the crucial role in regulating many hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we present and discuss the latest findings elucidating the involvement of OGT and O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily M Esquea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riley G Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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6
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Hart G, Huang CW, Rust N, Wu HF. Altered O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, a molecular link between brain glucose dysregulation and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:779-783. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang W, Silva LM, Wang HH, Kavanaugh MA, Pottorf TS, Allard BA, Jacobs DT, Dong R, Cornelius JT, Chaturvedi A, Swenson-Fields KI, Fields TA, Pritchard MT, Sharma M, Slawson C, Wallace DP, Calvet JP, Tran PV. Ttc21b deficiency attenuates autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a kidney tubular- and maturation-dependent manner. Kidney Int 2022; 102:577-591. [PMID: 35644283 PMCID: PMC9398994 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles built and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT) multiprotein complexes. Deletion of several IFT-B genes attenuates polycystic kidney disease (PKD) severity in juvenile and adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) mouse models. However, deletion of an IFT-A adaptor, Tulp3, attenuates PKD severity in adult mice only. These studies indicate that dysfunction of specific cilia components has potential therapeutic value. To broaden our understanding of cilia dysfunction and its therapeutic potential, we investigate the role of global deletion of an IFT-A gene, Ttc21b, in juvenile and adult mouse models of ADPKD. Both juvenile (postnatal day 21) and adult (six months of age) ADPKD mice exhibited kidney cysts, increased kidney weight/body weight ratios, lengthened kidney cilia, inflammation, and increased levels of the nutrient sensor, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Deletion of Ttc21b in juvenile ADPKD mice reduced cortical collecting duct cystogenesis and kidney weight/body weight ratios, increased proximal tubular and glomerular dilations, but did not reduce cilia length, inflammation, nor O-GlcNAc levels. In contrast, Ttc21b deletion in adult ADPKD mice markedly attenuated kidney cystogenesis and reduced cilia length, inflammation, and O-GlcNAc levels. Thus, unlike IFT-B, the effect of Ttc21b deletion in mouse models of ADPKD is development-specific. Unlike an IFT-A adaptor, deleting Ttc21b in juvenile ADPKD mice is partially ameliorative. Thus, our studies suggest that different microenvironmental factors, found in distinct nephron segments and in developing versus mature stages, modify ciliary homeostasis and ADPKD pathobiology. Further, elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, which regulates cellular metabolism and ciliogenesis, may be a pathological feature of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Luciane M Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew A Kavanaugh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Tana S Pottorf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Bailey A Allard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Damon T Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Rouchen Dong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph T Cornelius
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aakriti Chaturvedi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Katherine I Swenson-Fields
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Kim S, Backe SJ, Wengert LA, Johnson AE, Isakov RV, Bratslavsky MS, Woodford MR. O-GlcNAcylation suppresses TRAP1 activity and promotes mitochondrial respiration. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:573-585. [PMID: 35976490 PMCID: PMC9485411 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone TNF-receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP1) controls mitochondrial respiration through regulation of Krebs cycle and electron transport chain activity. Post-translational modification (PTM) of TRAP1 regulates its activity, thereby controlling global metabolic flux. O-GlcNAcylation is one PTM that is known to impact mitochondrial metabolism, however the major effectors of this regulatory PTM remain inadequately resolved. Here we demonstrate that TRAP1-O-GlcNAcylation decreases TRAP1 ATPase activity, leading to increased mitochondrial metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation of TRAP1 occurs following mitochondrial import and provides critical regulatory feedback, as the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on mitochondrial metabolism shows TRAP1-dependence. Mechanistically, loss of TRAP1-O-GlcNAcylation decreased TRAP1 binding to ATP, and interaction with its client protein succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB). Taken together, TRAP1-O-GlcNAcylation serves to regulate mitochondrial metabolism by the reversible attenuation of TRAP1 chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Kim
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Laura A Wengert
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Roman V Isakov
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Michael S Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Disruption of O-GlcNAcylation Homeostasis Induced Ovarian Granulosa Cell Injury in Bovine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147815. [PMID: 35887161 PMCID: PMC9324263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a ubiquitous, reversible, and highly dynamic post-translational modification, which takes charge of almost all biological processes examined. However, little information is available regarding the molecular regulation of O-GlcNAcylation in granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism. This study focused on the impact of disrupted O-GlcNAc cycling on the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine granulosa cells, and further aimed to determine how this influenced glucose metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of OGT with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (BADGP) led to decreased cellular O-GlcNAc levels, as well as OGT and OGA protein expressions, whereas increasing O-GlcNAc levels with the OGA inhibitor, O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluco-pyranosylidene) (PUGNAc), resulted in elevated OGA protein expression and decreased OGT protein expression in granulosa cells. Dysregulated O-GlcNAc cycling reduced cell viability, downregulated the proliferation-related genes of CDC42 and PCNA transcripts, upregulated the pro-apoptotic genes of BAX and CASPASE-3 mRNA and the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, and increased the apoptotic rate. Glycolytic enzyme activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, metabolite contents of pyruvate and lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and intermediate metabolic enzyme activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly impaired in response to altered O-GlcNAc levels. Moreover, inhibition of OGT significantly increased the expression level of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), but repression of OGA had no effect. Collectively, our results suggest that perturbation of O-GlcNAc cycling has a profound effect on granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism.
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Short O-GlcNAcase Is Targeted to the Mitochondria and Regulates Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Level. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111827. [PMID: 35681522 PMCID: PMC9180253 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification involved in the regulation of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. Only two enzymes, OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) and OGA (O-GlcNAcase), control the attachment and removal of O-GlcNAc on proteins, respectively. Whereas a variant OGT (mOGT) has been proposed as the main isoform that O-GlcNAcylates proteins in mitochondria, identification of a mitochondrial OGA has not been performed yet. Two splice variants of OGA (short and long isoforms) have been described previously. In this work, using cell fractionation experiments, we show that short-OGA is preferentially recovered in mitochondria-enriched fractions from HEK-293T cells and RAW 264.7 cells, as well as mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, fluorescent microscopy imaging confirmed that GFP-tagged short-OGA is addressed to mitochondria. In addition, using a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation biosensor, we show that co-transfection of short-OGA markedly reduced O-GlcNAcylation of the biosensor, whereas long-OGA had no significant effect. Finally, using genetically encoded or chemical fluorescent mitochondrial probes, we show that short-OGA overexpression increases mitochondrial ROS levels, whereas long-OGA has no significant effect. Together, our work reveals that the short-OGA isoform is targeted to the mitochondria where it regulates ROS homoeostasis.
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11
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Liu Y, Hu YJ, Fan WX, Quan X, Xu B, Li SZ. O-GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111789. [PMID: 35681484 PMCID: PMC9180116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of O-GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of O-GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global O-GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the “optimal zone”, and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Xu
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.-Z.L.)
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12
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Xue Q, Yan R, Ji S, Yu S. Regulation of mitochondrial network homeostasis by O-GlcNAcylation. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. Protein post-translational modifications in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:529-547. [PMID: 35393571 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Although the classical PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation, have been well studied, the emergence of many new modifications, such as succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, introduces a new layer to protein regulation, leaving much more to be explored and wide application prospects. In this review, we will provide a broad overview of the significant roles of PTMs in regulating human cancer hallmarks through selecting a diverse set of examples, and update the current advances in the therapeutic implications of these PTMs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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14
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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15
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Wu J, Liu J, Lapenta K, Desrouleaux R, Li MD, Yang X. Regulation of the urea cycle by CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation in response to dietary restriction and aging. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6548195. [PMID: 35285892 PMCID: PMC9254885 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of intracellular proteins is a dynamic process broadly implicated in age-related disease, yet it remains uncharacterized whether and how O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the natural aging process. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the opposing enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) control this nutrient-sensing protein modification in cells. Here, we show that global O-GlcNAc levels are increased in multiple tissues of aged mice. In aged liver, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is among the most heavily O-GlcNAcylated proteins. CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation is reversed by calorie restriction and is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the O-GlcNAc pathway. High glucose stimulates CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation and inhibits CPS1 activity. Liver-specific deletion of OGT potentiates CPS1 activity and renders CPS1 irresponsive to further stimulation by a prolonged fasting. Our results identify CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation as a key nutrient-sensing regulatory step in the urea cycle during aging and dietary restriction, implying a role for mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation in nutritional regulation of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kalina Lapenta
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reina Desrouleaux
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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16
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Mechanistic roles for altered O-GlcNAcylation in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem J 2021; 478:2733-2758. [PMID: 34297044 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's remain highly prevalent and incurable disorders. A major challenge in fully understanding and combating the progression of these diseases is the complexity of the network of processes that lead to progressive neuronal dysfunction and death. An ideal therapeutic avenue is conceivably one that could address many if not all of these multiple misregulated mechanisms. Over the years, chemical intervention for the up-regulation of the endogenous posttranslational modification (PTM) O-GlcNAc has been proposed as a potential strategy to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. Through the development and application of tools that allow dissection of the mechanistic roles of this PTM, there is now a growing body of evidence that O-GlcNAc influences a variety of important neurodegeneration-pertinent mechanisms, with an overall protective effect. As a PTM that is appended onto numerous proteins that participate in protein quality control and homeostasis, metabolism, bioenergetics, neuronal communication, inflammation, and programmed death, O-GlcNAc has demonstrated beneficence in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and its up-regulation is now being pursued in multiple clinical studies.
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17
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Mitochondrial O-GlcNAc Transferase Interacts with and Modifies Many Proteins and Its Up-Regulation Affects Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Energy Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122956. [PMID: 34204801 PMCID: PMC8231590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a cell glucose sensor. The addition of O-GlcNAc moieties to target protein is catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). OGT is encoded by a single gene that yields differentially spliced OGT isoforms. One of them is targeted to mitochondria (mOGT). Although the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on cancer cells biology is well documented, mOGT's role remains poorly investigated. We performed studies using breast cancer cells with up-regulated mOGT or its catalytic inactive mutant to identify proteins specifically modified by mOGT. Proteomic approaches included isolation of mOGT protein partners and O-GlcNAcylated proteins from mitochondria-enriched fraction followed by their analysis by mass spectrometry. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of mOGT dysregulation on mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism using a variety of biochemical assays. We found that mitochondrial OGT expression is glucose-dependent. Elevated mOGT expression affected the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased intramitochondrial ROS generation. Moreover, mOGT up-regulation caused a decrease in cellular ATP level. We identified many mitochondrial proteins as mOGT substrates. Most of these proteins are localized in the mitochondrial matrix and the inner mitochondrial membrane and participate in mitochondrial respiration, fatty acid metabolism, transport, translation, apoptosis, and mtDNA processes. Our findings suggest that mOGT interacts with and modifies many mitochondrial proteins, and its dysregulation affects cellular bioenergetics and mitochondria function.
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18
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Mammalian cell proliferation requires noncatalytic functions of O-GlcNAc transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016778118. [PMID: 33419956 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016778118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all mammalian cell types, is essential for cell proliferation. Why OGT is required for cell growth is not known. OGT performs two enzymatic reactions in the same active site. In one, it glycosylates thousands of different proteins, and in the other, it proteolytically cleaves another essential protein involved in gene expression. Deconvoluting OGT's myriad cellular roles has been challenging because genetic deletion is lethal; complementation methods have not been established. Here, we developed approaches to replace endogenous OGT with separation-of-function variants to investigate the importance of OGT's enzymatic activities for cell viability. Using genetic complementation, we found that OGT's glycosyltransferase function is required for cell growth but its protease function is dispensable. We next used complementation to construct a cell line with degron-tagged wild-type OGT. When OGT was degraded to very low levels, cells stopped proliferating but remained viable. Adding back catalytically inactive OGT rescued growth. Therefore, OGT has an essential noncatalytic role that is necessary for cell proliferation. By developing a method to quantify how OGT's catalytic and noncatalytic activities affect protein abundance, we found that OGT's noncatalytic functions often affect different proteins from its catalytic functions. Proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the actin cytoskeleton were especially impacted by the noncatalytic functions. We conclude that OGT integrates both catalytic and noncatalytic functions to control cell physiology.
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19
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Zhang H, Li Z, Wang Y, Kong Y. O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of multiple cellular metabolic pathways. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation modifies proteins in serine or threonine residues in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. It regulates a variety of cellular biological processes and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient sensor and signal integrator to regulate metabolic signaling, and that dysregulation of its metabolism may be an important indicator of pathogenesis in disease. Here, we review the literature focusing on O-GlcNAcylation regulation in major metabolic processes, such as glucose metabolism, mitochondrial oxidation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. We discuss its role in physiological processes, such as cellular nutrient sensing and homeostasis maintenance. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a key regulator in multiple metabolic processes and pathways. Our review will provide a better understanding of how O-GlcNAcylation coordinates metabolism and integrates molecular networks.
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20
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Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Banerjee PS, Abrol N, Wang Q, Luczak ED, Wu Y, Granger JM, Wei AC, Reyes Gaido OE, Florea L, Talbot CC, Hart GW, Zachara NE, Anderson ME. Excessive O-GlcNAcylation Causes Heart Failure and Sudden Death. Circulation 2021; 143:1687-1703. [PMID: 33593071 PMCID: PMC8085112 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with the rising prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation (the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine [O-GlcNAc] moieties to cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins) is a posttranslational modification of intracellular proteins and serves as a metabolic rheostat for cellular stress. Total levels of O-GlcNAcylation are determined by nutrient and metabolic flux, in addition to the net activity of 2 enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Failing myocardium is marked by increased O-GlcNAcylation, but whether excessive O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiomyopathy and heart failure is unknown. METHODS We developed 2 new transgenic mouse models with myocardial overexpression of OGT and OGA to control O-GlcNAcylation independent of pathologic stress. RESULTS We found that OGT transgenic hearts showed increased O-GlcNAcylation and developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and premature death. In contrast, OGA transgenic hearts had lower O-GlcNAcylation but identical cardiac function to wild-type littermate controls. OGA transgenic hearts were resistant to pathologic stress induced by pressure overload with attenuated myocardial O-GlcNAcylation levels after stress and decreased pathologic hypertrophy compared with wild-type controls. Interbreeding OGT with OGA transgenic mice rescued cardiomyopathy and premature death, despite persistent elevation of myocardial OGT. Transcriptomic and functional studies revealed disrupted mitochondrial energetics with impairment of complex I activity in hearts from OGT transgenic mice. Complex I activity was rescued by OGA transgenic interbreeding, suggesting an important role for mitochondrial complex I in O-GlcNAc-mediated cardiac pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes cardiomyopathy, at least in part, attributable to defective energetics. Enhanced OGA activity is well tolerated and attenuation of O-GlcNAcylation is beneficial against pressure overload-induced pathologic remodeling and heart failure. These findings suggest that attenuation of excessive O-GlcNAcylation may represent a novel therapeutic approach for cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Olurotimi O. Mesubi
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Partha S. Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neha Abrol
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Luczak
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Granger
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Oscar E. Reyes Gaido
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liliana Florea
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Computational Biology Consulting Core, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Barone E, Perluigi M, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Bellanti F, Spinelli M, Natale F, Fusco S, Grassi C, Di Domenico F. High-Fat Diet Leads to Reduced Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Mitochondrial Defects Promoting the Development of Alzheimer's Disease Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073746. [PMID: 33916835 PMCID: PMC8038495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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23
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Itkonen HM, Loda M, Mills IG. O-GlcNAc Transferase - An Auxiliary Factor or a Full-blown Oncogene? Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:555-564. [PMID: 33472950 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The β-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Increased OGT expression is a feature of most human cancers and inhibition of OGT decreases cancer cell proliferation. Antiproliferative effects are attributed to posttranslational modifications of known regulators of cancer cell proliferation, such as MYC, FOXM1, and EZH2. In general, OGT amplifies cell-specific phenotype, for example, OGT overexpression enhances reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into stem cells. Genome-wide screens suggest that certain cancers are particularly dependent on OGT, and understanding these addictions is important when considering OGT as a target for cancer therapy. The O-GlcNAc modification is involved in most cellular processes, which raises concerns of on-target undesirable effects of OGT-targeting therapy. Yet, emerging evidence suggest that, much like proteasome inhibitors, specific compounds targeting OGT elicit selective antiproliferative effects in cancer cells, and can prime malignant cells to other treatments. It is, therefore, essential to gain mechanistic insights on substrate specificity for OGT, develop reagents to more specifically enrich for O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, identify O-GlcNAc "readers," and develop OGT small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we review the relevance of OGT in cancer progression and the potential targeting of this metabolic enzyme as a putative oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. .,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Patrick G Johnston Centre, for Cancer Research (PGJCCR), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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24
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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25
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Flax J, Wilkins HM, Miller R, Griffith S, Cork GK, Qiang A, Thompson J, Swerdlow RH, Slawson C. OGA Inhibition Alters Energetics and Nutrient Sensing in Alzheimer's Disease Cytoplasmic Hybrids. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1743-1753. [PMID: 33285636 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) features reductions in key bioenergetic fluxes and perturbed mitochondrial function. Cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) generated through the transfer of AD subject mitochondria to mtDNA-depleted SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells recapitulate some of these features in an in vitro setting. OBJECTIVE For this study, we used the AD cybrid model to assess the impact of a nutrient-excess like-state via increasing O-GlcNAcylation on whole cell and mitochondrial homeostasis. METHODS We induced increased O-GlcNAc by treating AD and control cybrid cell lines with Thiamet G (TMG), an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase enzyme that mediates removal of the nutrient-dependent O-GlcNAc modification. RESULTS Relative to control cybrid cell lines, AD cybrid lines showed a blunted response to TMG-induced O-GlcNAcylation. At baseline, AD cybrid cell line mitochondria showed partial activation of several proteins that help maintain bioenergetic homeostasis such as AMP-Regulated Kinase suggesting that AD mitochondria initiate a state of nutrient stress promoting energetic compensation; however, this compensation reduces the capacity of cells to respond to additional nutrient-related stresses such as TMG treatment. Also, TMG caused disruptions in acetylation and Sirtuin 3 expression, while lowing total energetic output of the cell. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that modulation of O-GlcNAc is essential for proper energetic function of the mitochondria, and AD mitochondrial capacity to handle nutrient-excess is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Flax
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Reegan Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sarah Griffith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gentry K Cork
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amy Qiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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26
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Dassanayaka S, Brittian KR, Long BW, Higgins LA, Bradley JA, Audam TN, Jurkovic A, Gumpert AM, Harrison LT, Hartyánszky I, Perge P, Merkely B, Radovits T, Hanover JA, Jones SP. Cardiomyocyte Oga haploinsufficiency increases O-GlcNAcylation but hastens ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242250. [PMID: 33253217 PMCID: PMC7703924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The beta-O-linkage of N-acetylglucosamine (i.e., O-GlcNAc) to proteins is a pro-adaptive response to cellular insults. To this end, increased protein O-GlcNAcylation improves short-term survival of cardiomyocytes subjected to acute injury. This observation has been repeated by multiple groups and in multiple models; however, whether increased protein O-GlcNAcylation plays a beneficial role in more chronic settings remains an open question. Objective Here, we queried whether increasing levels of cardiac protein O-GlcNAcylation would be beneficial during infarct-induced heart failure. Methods and results To achieve increased protein O-GlcNAcylation, we targeted Oga, the gene responsible for removing O-GlcNAc from proteins. Here, we generated mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted, tamoxifen-inducible haploinsufficient Oga gene. In the absence of infarction, we observed a slight reduction in ejection fraction in Oga deficient mice. Overall, Oga reduction had no major impact on ventricular function. In additional cohorts, mice of both sexes and both genotypes were subjected to infarct-induced heart failure and followed for up to four weeks, during which time cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography. Contrary to our prediction, the Oga deficient mice exhibited exacerbated—not improved—cardiac function at one week following infarction. When the observation was extended to 4 wk post-MI, this acute exacerbation was lost. Conclusions The present findings, coupled with our previous work, suggest that altering the ability of cardiomyocytes to either add or remove O-GlcNAc modifications to proteins exacerbates early infarct-induced heart failure. We speculate that more nuanced approaches to regulating O-GlcNAcylation are needed to understand its role—and, in particular, the possibility of cycling, in the pathophysiology of the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Dassanayaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Kenneth R. Brittian
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Bethany W. Long
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Lauren A. Higgins
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - James A. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Timothy N. Audam
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Andrea Jurkovic
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Anna M. Gumpert
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - Linda T. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
| | - István Hartyánszky
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, United states of America
| | - Péter Perge
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, United states of America
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, United states of America
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, United states of America
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIH-NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, United states of America
| | - Steven P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United states of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Ding M, Liu C, Shi R, Yu M, Zeng K, Kang J, Fu F, Mi M. Mitochondrial fusion promoter restores mitochondrial dynamics balance and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in an optic atrophy 1-dependent way. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13428. [PMID: 31840416 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics including suppressed mitochondrial fusion has been observed in diabetic hearts. However, it is still unknown whether mitochondrial fusion promoter is an effective protection to diabetic hearts. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of mitochondrial fusion promoter on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Seven weeks after vehicle or STZ injection, control or diabetic rats were treated with the vehicle or a mitochondrial fusion promoter-M1 (2 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 6 weeks. Moreover, M1 was administrated to the primary cardiomyocytes cultured in normal glucose medium (NG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 33 mnol/L). RESULTS Administration of M1 significantly promoted mitochondrial fusion and attenuated the reduction in optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) expression in diabetic hearts. Importantly, M1 treatment attenuated oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function and alleviated DCM in diabetic rats. In HG-treated cardiomyocytes, M1 treatment consistently increased the expression of Opa1, promoted mitochondrial fusion, enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reduced mitochondria-derived superoxide production, all of which were blunted by Opa1 siRNA knockdown. In addition, selective upregulation of Opa1 alone can also promote mitochondrial fusion, improve mitochondrial function and inhibit mitochondria-derived superoxide production in HG-cultured cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings show for the first time that mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 effectively balances mitochondrial dynamics and protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via an Opa1-dependent way, suggesting that promoting mitochondrial fusion might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Ding
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Geriatrics Xi'an Central Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mingzhe Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Feng Fu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety Institute of Military Preventive Medicine Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
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28
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Barber AJ, Arnold AC, Dennis MD. Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the Retina by EPAC/Rap1-Dependent Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32068794 PMCID: PMC7326568 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes and evidence supports a role for augmented O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system on retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation. Methods Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated chronically with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or captopril plus the angiotensin-(1-7) Mas receptor antagonist A779. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze retinal homogenates. Similar analyses were performed on lysates from human MIO-M1 retinal Müller cell cultures exposed to media supplemented with angiotensin-(1-7). Culture conditions were manipulated to influence the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and/or signaling downstream of the Mas receptor. Results In the retina of mice fed a high-fat diet, captopril attenuated protein O-GlcNAcylation in a manner dependent on Mas receptor activation. In MIO-M1 cells, angiotensin-(1-7) or adenylate cyclase activation were sufficient to enhance cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation. The repressive effect of cAMP on O-GlcNAcylation was dependent on exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), but not protein kinase A, and was recapitulated by a constitutively active variant of the small GTPase Rap1. We provide evidence that cAMP and angiotensin-(1-7) act to suppress O-GlcNAcylation by inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) activity. In cells exposed to an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor or hyperglycemic culture conditions, mitochondrial superoxide levels were elevated; however, angiotensin-(1-7) signaling prevented the effect. Conclusions Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation via an EPAC/Rap1/OGT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K. Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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29
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Esch N, Jo S, Moore M, Alejandro EU. Nutrient Sensor mTOR and OGT: Orchestrators of Organelle Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8872639. [PMID: 33457426 PMCID: PMC7787834 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to integrate the role of nutrient-sensing pathways into β-cell organelle dysfunction prompted by nutrient excess during type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D encompasses chronic hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation, which each contribute to β-cell failure. These factors can disrupt the function of critical β-cell organelles, namely, the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. Dysfunctional organelles cause defects in insulin synthesis and secretion and activate apoptotic pathways if homeostasis is not restored. In this review, we will focus on mTORC1 and OGT, two major anabolic nutrient sensors with important roles in β-cell physiology. Though acute stimulation of these sensors frequently improves β-cell function and promotes adaptation to cell stress, chronic and sustained activity disturbs organelle homeostasis. mTORC1 and OGT regulate organelle function by influencing the expression and activities of key proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors, as well as by modulating autophagy to influence clearance of defective organelles. In addition, mTORC1 and OGT activity influence islet inflammation during T2D, which can further disrupt organelle and β-cell function. Therapies for T2D that fine-tune the activity of these nutrient sensors have yet to be developed, but the important role of mTORC1 and OGT in organelle homeostasis makes them promising targets to improve β-cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Lanzillotta C, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Targeting Mitochondria in Alzheimer Disease: Rationale and Perspectives. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:957-969. [PMID: 31410665 PMCID: PMC6825561 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging process and increases the incidence of age-related disorders, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Mitochondria-the power station of the organism-can affect several different cellular activities, including abnormal cellular energy generation, response to toxic insults, regulation of metabolism, and execution of cell death. In AD subjects, mitochondria are characterized by impaired function such as lowered oxidative phosphorylation, decreased adenosine triphosphate production, significant increased reactive oxygen species generation, and compromised antioxidant defense. The current review discusses the most relevant mitochondrial defects that are considered to play a significant role in AD and that may offer promising therapeutic targets for the treatment/prevention of AD. In addition, we discuss mechanisms of action and translational potential of some promising mitochondrial and bioenergetic therapeutics for AD including compounds able to potentiate energy production, antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage, glucose metabolism, and candidates that target mitophagy. While mitochondrial therapeutic strategies have shown promise at the preclinical stage, there has been little progress in clinical trials. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial homeostasis in order to identify powerful drug candidates that target 'in and out' the mitochondria to preserve cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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31
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Wright JN, Benavides GA, Johnson MS, Wani W, Ouyang X, Zou L, Collins HE, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar V, Chatham JC. Acute increases in O-GlcNAc indirectly impair mitochondrial bioenergetics through dysregulation of LonP1-mediated mitochondrial protein complex turnover. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C862-C875. [PMID: 30865517 PMCID: PMC6620580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins in distinct cellular compartments is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism regulating cellular function. Importantly, the O-GlcNAc modification of mitochondrial proteins has been identified as a potential mechanism to modulate metabolism under stress with both potentially beneficial and detrimental effects. This suggests that temporal and dose-dependent changes in O-GlcNAcylation may have different effects on mitochondrial function. In the current study, we found that acutely augmenting O-GlcNAc levels by inhibiting O-GlcNAcase with Thiamet-G for up to 6 h resulted in a time-dependent decrease in cellular bioenergetics and decreased mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV activities. Under these conditions, mitochondrial number was unchanged, whereas an increase in the protein levels of the subunits of several electron transport complex proteins was observed. However, the observed bioenergetic changes appeared not to be due to direct increased O-GlcNAc modification of complex subunit proteins. Increases in O-GlcNAc were also associated with an accumulation of mitochondrial ubiquitinated proteins; phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and p62 protein levels were also significantly increased. Interestingly, the increase in O-GlcNAc levels was associated with a decrease in the protein levels of the mitochondrial Lon protease homolog 1 (LonP1), which is known to target complex IV subunits and PINK1, in addition to other mitochondrial proteins. These data suggest that impaired bioenergetics associated with short-term increases in O-GlcNAc levels could be due to impaired, LonP1-dependent, mitochondrial complex protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaLessa N Wright
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Willayat Wani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Luyun Zou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Helen E Collins
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
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32
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Iwaki T, Bennion BG, Stenson EK, Lynn JC, Otinga C, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Fei L, Wong HR, Liles WC, Standage SW. PPARα contributes to protection against metabolic and inflammatory derangements associated with acute kidney injury in experimental sepsis. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14078. [PMID: 31102342 PMCID: PMC6525329 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant problem in critically ill children and adults resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Fundamental mechanisms contributing to sepsis-associated AKI are poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression is associated with reduced organ system failure in sepsis. Using an experimental model of polymicrobial sepsis, we demonstrate that mice deficient in PPARα have worse kidney function, which is likely related to reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased inflammation. Ultrastructural evaluation with electron microscopy reveals that the proximal convoluted tubule is specifically injured in septic PPARα deficient mice. In this experimental group, serum metabolomic analysis reveals unanticipated metabolic derangements in tryptophan-kynurenine-NAD+ and pantothenate pathways. We also show that a subgroup of children with sepsis whose genome-wide expression profiles are characterized by repression of the PPARα signaling pathway has increased incidence of severe AKI. These findings point toward interesting associations between sepsis-associated AKI and PPARα-driven fatty acid metabolism that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iwaki
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity HospitalFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Brock G. Bennion
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Erin K. Stenson
- Department of PediatricsSection of Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CenterChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Jared C. Lynn
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Cynthia Otinga
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Lin Fei
- Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - Hector R. Wong
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Stephen W. Standage
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
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33
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Rauth M, Freund P, Orlova A, Grünert S, Tasic N, Han X, Ruan HB, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R. Cell Metabolism Control Through O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5: A Full or Empty Fuel Tank Makes a Big Difference for Cancer Cell Growth and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1028. [PMID: 30818760 PMCID: PMC6429193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that influences tyrosine phosphorylation in healthy and malignant cells. O-GlcNAc is a product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, a side pathway of glucose metabolism. It is essential for cell survival and proper gene regulation, mirroring the metabolic status of a cell. STAT3 and STAT5 proteins are essential transcription factors that can act in a mutational context-dependent manner as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. They regulate gene expression for vital processes such as cell differentiation, survival, or growth, and are also critically involved in metabolic control. The role of STAT3/5 proteins in metabolic processes is partly independent of their transcriptional regulatory role, but is still poorly understood. Interestingly, STAT3 and STAT5 are modified by O-GlcNAc in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Here, we discuss and summarize evidence of O-GlcNAcylation-regulating STAT function, focusing in particular on hyperactive STAT5A transplant studies in the hematopoietic system. We emphasize that a single O-GlcNAc modification is essential to promote development of neoplastic cell growth through enhancing STAT5A tyrosine phosphorylation. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5A on threonine 92 lowers tyrosine phosphorylation of oncogenic STAT5A and ablates malignant transformation. We conclude on strategies for new therapeutic options to block O-GlcNAcylation in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to target neoplastic cancer cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rauth
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patricia Freund
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | - Xiaonan Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences (ILAS), Beijing 100730, China.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100006, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA.
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Medical University Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Dierschke SK, Miller WP, Favate JS, Shah P, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Salzberg AC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Dennis MD. O-GlcNAcylation alters the selection of mRNAs for translation and promotes 4E-BP1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in the retina. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5508-5520. [PMID: 30733333 PMCID: PMC6462503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes promotes the posttranslational modification of proteins by O-linked addition of GlcNAc (O-GlcNAcylation) to Ser/Thr residues of proteins and thereby contributes to diabetic complications. In the retina of diabetic mice, the repressor of mRNA translation, eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), is O-GlcNAcylated, and sequestration of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E) is enhanced. O-GlcNAcylation has also been detected on several eukaryotic translation initiation factors and ribosomal proteins. However, the functional consequence of this modification is unknown. Here, using ribosome profiling, we evaluated the effect of enhanced O-GlcNAcylation on retinal gene expression. Mice receiving thiamet G (TMG), an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAc hydrolase O-GlcNAcase, exhibited enhanced retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation. The principal effect of TMG on retinal gene expression was observed in ribosome-associated mRNAs (i.e. mRNAs undergoing translation), as less than 1% of mRNAs exhibited changes in abundance. Remarkably, ∼19% of the transcriptome exhibited TMG-induced changes in ribosome occupancy, with 1912 mRNAs having reduced and 1683 mRNAs having increased translational rates. In the retina, the effect of O-GlcNAcase inhibition on translation of specific mitochondrial proteins, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), depended on 4E-BP1/2. O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular respiration and promoted mitochondrial superoxide levels in WT cells, and 4E-BP1/2 deletion prevented O-GlcNAcylation-induced mitochondrial superoxide in cells in culture and in the retina. The retina of diabetic WT mice exhibited increased reactive oxygen species levels, an effect not observed in diabetic 4E-BP1/2-deficient mice. These findings provide evidence for a mechanism whereby diabetes-induced O-GlcNAcylation promotes oxidative stress in the retina by altering the selection of mRNAs for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K Dierschke
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - William P Miller
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - John S Favate
- the Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Premal Shah
- the Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- the Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, and
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Scot R Kimball
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Michael D Dennis
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033,
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35
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Choi H, Kim C, Song H, Cha MY, Cho HJ, Son SM, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos promotes neuronal cell death. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12872. [PMID: 30515991 PMCID: PMC6351842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O-GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos and the effects of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced O-GlcNAcylation on serine-56 and 57 of c-Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c-Fos and O-GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c-Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Pinho TS, Correia SC, Perry G, Ambrósio AF, Moreira PI. Diminished O-GlcNAcylation in Alzheimer's disease is strongly correlated with mitochondrial anomalies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:2048-2059. [PMID: 30412792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Uncover the initial cause(s) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is imperative for the development of new therapeutic interventions to counteract AD-related symptomatology and neuropathology in a timely manner. The early stages of AD are characterized by a brain hypometabolic state as denoted by faulty glucose uptake and utilization and abnormal mitochondrial function and distribution which, ultimately, culminates in synaptic "starvation" and neuronal degeneration. Importantly, it was recently recognized that the post-translational modification β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modulates mitochondrial function, motility and distribution being proposed to act as a nutrient sensor that links glucose and the metabolic status to neuronal function. Using post-mortem human brain tissue, brain samples from the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) and in vitro models of AD (differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to AD-mimicking conditions), the present study is aimed to clarify whether O-GlcNAcylation, the posttranslational modification of intracellular proteins by O-GlcNAc, contributes to "mitochondrial pathology" in AD and its potential as a therapeutic target. A reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels was observed in the brain cortex and hippocampus of AD subjects. Moreover, GlcNAcylation levels are higher in mature mice but the levels of this posttranslational modification are lower in 3xTg-AD mice when compared to control mice. The in vitro models of AD also exhibited a marked reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels, which was strongly correlated with hampered mitochondrial bioenergetic function, disruption of the mitochondrial network and loss of cell viability. Conversely, the pharmacological modulation of O-GlcNAcylation levels with Thiamet-G restored O-GlcNAcylation levels and cell viability in the in vitro models of AD. Overall, these results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in AD pathology functioning as a potential link between mitochondrial energetic crisis and synaptic and neuronal degeneration. This posttranslational modification represents a promising therapeutic target to tackle this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Pinho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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37
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Yu SB, Pekkurnaz G. Mechanisms Orchestrating Mitochondrial Dynamics for Energy Homeostasis. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3922-3941. [PMID: 30089235 PMCID: PMC6186503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, every cell must constantly monitor its energy level and appropriately adjust energy, in the form of ATP, production rates based on metabolic demand. Continuous fulfillment of this energy demand depends on the ability of cells to sense, metabolize, and convert nutrients into chemical energy. Mitochondria are the main energy conversion sites for many cell types. Cellular metabolic states dictate the mitochondrial size, shape, function, and positioning. Mitochondrial shape varies from singular discrete organelles to interconnected reticular networks within cells. The morphological adaptations of mitochondria to metabolic cues are facilitated by the dynamic events categorized as transport, fusion, fission, and quality control. By changing their dynamics and strategic positioning within the cytoplasm, mitochondria carry out critical functions and also participate actively in inter-organelle cross-talk, assisting metabolite transfer, degradation, and biogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics has become an active area of research because of its particular importance in cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders. In this review, we will highlight the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and their roles in maintaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon B Yu
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
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38
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Pinho TS, Verde DM, Correia SC, Cardoso SM, Moreira PI. O-GlcNAcylation and neuronal energy status: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 46:32-41. [PMID: 29787816 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the first clinical case reported more than 100 years ago, it has been a long and winding road to demystify the initial pathological events underling the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fortunately, advanced imaging techniques extended the knowledge regarding AD origin, being well accepted that a decline in brain glucose metabolism occurs during the prodromal phases of AD and is aggravated with the progression of the disease. In this sense, in the last decades, the post-translational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) has emerged as a potential causative link between hampered brain glucose metabolism and AD pathology. This is not surprising taking into account that this dynamic post-translational modification acts as a metabolic sensor that links glucose metabolism to normal neuronal functioning. Within this scenario, the present review aims to summarize the current understanding on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal physiology and AD pathology, emphasizing the close association of this post-translational modification with the emergence of AD-related hallmarks and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Pinho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Verde
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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39
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Chen PH, Chi JT, Boyce M. Functional crosstalk among oxidative stress and O-GlcNAc signaling pathways. Glycobiology 2018; 28:556-564. [PMID: 29548027 PMCID: PMC6054262 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, thousands of intracellular proteins are modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in response to a wide range of stimuli and stresses. In particular, a complex and evolutionarily conserved interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and oxidative stress has emerged in recent years. Here, we review the current literature on the connections between O-GlcNAc and oxidative stress, with a particular emphasis on major signaling pathways, such as KEAP1/NRF2, FOXO, NFκB, p53 and cell metabolism. Taken together, this work sheds important light on the signaling functions of protein glycosylation and the mechanisms of stress responses alike and illuminates how the two are integrated in animal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Biochemistry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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40
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The Nutrient-Sensing Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway as the Hub of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060053. [PMID: 29865240 PMCID: PMC6025041 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glucose and glutamine utilizing pathways and in fatty acid metabolism are currently considered the most significant and prevalent metabolic changes observed in almost all types of tumors. Glucose, glutamine and fatty acids are the substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This metabolic pathway generates the “sensing molecule” UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate for the enzymes involved in protein N- and O-glycosylation, two important post-translational modifications (PTMs) identified in several proteins localized in the extracellular space, on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria. Since protein glycosylation controls several key aspects of cell physiology, aberrant protein glycosylation has been associated with different human diseases, including cancer. Here we review recent evidence indicating the tight association between the HBP flux and cell metabolism, with particular emphasis on the post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms regulated by the HBP that may cause the metabolic rewiring observed in cancer. We describe the implications of both protein O- and N-glycosylation in cancer cell metabolism and bioenergetics; focusing our attention on the effect of these PTMs on nutrient transport and on the transcriptional regulation and function of cancer-specific metabolic pathways.
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41
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Lagerlöf O. O-GlcNAc cycling in the developing, adult and geriatric brain. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:241-261. [PMID: 29790000 PMCID: PMC5984647 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of proteins in the nervous system are modified by the monosaccharide O-GlcNAc. A single protein is often O-GlcNAcylated on several amino acids and the modification of a single site can play a crucial role for the function of the protein. Despite its complexity, only two enzymes add and remove O-GlcNAc from proteins, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Global and local regulation of these enzymes make it possible for O-GlcNAc to coordinate multiple cellular functions at the same time as regulating specific pathways independently from each other. If O-GlcNAcylation is disrupted, metabolic disorder or intellectual disability may ensue, depending on what neurons are affected. O-GlcNAc's promise as a clinical target for developing drugs against neurodegenerative diseases has been recognized for many years. Recent literature puts O-GlcNAc in the forefront among mechanisms that can help us better understand how neuronal circuits integrate diverse incoming stimuli such as fluctuations in nutrient supply, metabolic hormones, neuronal activity and cellular stress. Here the functions of O-GlcNAc in the nervous system are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Lagerlöf
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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42
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O-GlcNAc in cancer: An Oncometabolism-fueled vicious cycle. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:155-173. [PMID: 29594839 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit unregulated growth, altered metabolism, enhanced metastatic potential and altered cell surface glycans. Fueled by oncometabolism and elevated uptake of glucose and glutamine, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) sustains glycosylation in the endomembrane system. In addition, the elevated pools of UDP-GlcNAc drives the O-GlcNAc modification of key targets in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondrion. These targets include transcription factors, kinases, key cytoplasmic enzymes of intermediary metabolism, and electron transport chain complexes. O-GlcNAcylation can thereby alter epigenetics, transcription, signaling, proteostasis, and bioenergetics, key 'hallmarks of cancer'. In this review, we summarize accumulating evidence that many cancer hallmarks are linked to dysregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling on cancer-relevant targets. We argue that onconutrient and oncometabolite-fueled elevation increases HBP flux and triggers O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory enzymes in glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, pentose-phosphate pathway, and the HBP itself. The resulting rerouting of glucose metabolites leads to elevated O-GlcNAcylation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors further escalating elevation in HBP flux creating a 'vicious cycle'. Downstream, elevated O-GlcNAcylation alters DNA repair and cellular stress pathways which influence oncogenesis. The elevated steady-state levels of O-GlcNAcylated targets found in many cancers may also provide these cells with a selective advantage for sustained growth, enhanced metastatic potential, and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.
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Shi H, Munk A, Nielsen TS, Daughtry MR, Larsson L, Li S, Høyer KF, Geisler HW, Sulek K, Kjøbsted R, Fisher T, Andersen MM, Shen Z, Hansen UK, England EM, Cheng Z, Højlund K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Yang X, Hulver MW, Helm RF, Treebak JT, Gerrard DE. Skeletal muscle O-GlcNAc transferase is important for muscle energy homeostasis and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2018. [PMID: 29525407 PMCID: PMC6001359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given that cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels are thought to be real-time measures of cellular nutrient status and dysregulated O-GlcNAc signaling is associated with insulin resistance, we evaluated the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that mediates O-GlcNAcylation, in skeletal muscle. Methods We assessed O-GlcNAcylation levels in skeletal muscle from obese, type 2 diabetic people, and we characterized muscle-specific OGT knockout (mKO) mice in metabolic cages and measured energy expenditure and substrate utilization pattern using indirect calorimetry. Whole body insulin sensitivity was assessed using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique and tissue-specific glucose uptake was subsequently evaluated. Tissues were used for histology, qPCR, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Results We found elevated levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in obese, type 2 diabetic people compared with well-matched obese and lean controls. Muscle-specific OGT knockout mice were lean, and whole body energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity were increased in these mice, consistent with enhanced glucose uptake and elevated glycolytic enzyme activities in skeletal muscle. Moreover, enhanced glucose uptake was also observed in white adipose tissue that was browner than that of WT mice. Interestingly, mKO mice had elevated mRNA levels of Il15 in skeletal muscle and increased circulating IL-15 levels. We found that OGT in muscle mediates transcriptional repression of Il15 by O-GlcNAcylating Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2). Conclusions Elevated muscle O-GlcNAc levels paralleled insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in humans. Moreover, OGT-mediated signaling is necessary for proper skeletal muscle metabolism and whole-body energy homeostasis, and our data highlight O-GlcNAcylation as a potential target for ameliorating metabolic disorders. Type 2 diabetic humans have elevated O-GlcNAc levels in skeletal muscle. Knockout of OGT in muscle elevates whole body insulin sensitivity. Knockout of OGT in muscle increases resistance to diet-induced obesity. Muscle-specific OGT knockout mice have elevated plasma IL-15 levels. OGT in muscle controls Il15 expression by O-GlcNAcylation and inhibition of EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alexander Munk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Morgan R Daughtry
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Louise Larsson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Shize Li
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kasper F Høyer
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Hannah W Geisler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2100, Denmark
| | - Taylor Fisher
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marianne M Andersen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Zhengxing Shen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ulrik K Hansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Eric M England
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2100, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Virginia Tech Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark.
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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O-GlcNAcylation: key regulator of glycolytic pathways. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:189-198. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cork GK, Thompson J, Slawson C. Real Talk: The Inter-play Between the mTOR, AMPK, and Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathways in Cell Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:522. [PMID: 30237786 PMCID: PMC6136272 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, better known as O-GlcNAc, is a sugar post-translational modification participating in a diverse range of cell functions. Disruptions in the cycling of O-GlcNAc mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively, is a driving force for aberrant cell signaling in disease pathologies, such as diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Production of UDP-GlcNAc, the metabolic substrate for OGT, by the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) is controlled by the input of amino acids, fats, and nucleic acids, making O-GlcNAc a key nutrient-sensor for fluctuations in these macromolecules. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways also participate in nutrient-sensing as a means of controlling cell activity and are significant factors in a variety of pathologies. Research into the individual nutrient-sensitivities of the HBP, AMPK, and mTOR pathways has revealed a complex regulatory dynamic, where their unique responses to macromolecule levels coordinate cell behavior. Importantly, cross-talk between these pathways fine-tunes the cellular response to nutrients. Strong evidence demonstrates that AMPK negatively regulates the mTOR pathway, but O-GlcNAcylation of AMPK lowers enzymatic activity and promotes growth. On the other hand, AMPK can phosphorylate OGT leading to changes in OGT function. Complex sets of interactions between the HBP, AMPK, and mTOR pathways integrate nutritional signals to respond to changes in the environment. In particular, examining these relationships using systems biology approaches might prove a useful method of exploring the complex nature of cell signaling. Overall, understanding the complex interactions of these nutrient pathways will provide novel mechanistic information into how nutrients influence health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentry K. Cork
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Chad Slawson
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Newell C, Johnsen VL, Yee NC, Xu WJ, Klein MS, Khan A, Rho JM, Shearer J. Ketogenic diet leads to O-GlcNAc modification in the BTBRT+tf/j mouse model of autism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2274-2281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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47
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Tan EP, McGreal SR, Graw S, Tessman R, Koppel SJ, Dhakal P, Zhang Z, Machacek M, Zachara NE, Koestler DC, Peterson KR, Thyfault JP, Swerdlow RH, Krishnamurthy P, DiTacchio L, Apte U, Slawson C. Sustained O-GlcNAcylation reprograms mitochondrial function to regulate energy metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14940-14962. [PMID: 28739801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote chronic diseases, which have spurred interest in the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions. Previously, we have demonstrated that disruption of post-translational modification of proteins with β-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) via overexpression of the O-GlcNAc-regulating enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) impairs mitochondrial function. Here, we report that sustained alterations in O-GlcNAcylation either by pharmacological or genetic manipulation also alter metabolic function. Sustained O-GlcNAc elevation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increased OGA expression and reduced cellular respiration and ROS generation. Cells with elevated O-GlcNAc levels had elongated mitochondria and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated transcriptome reprogramming and down-regulation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. Sustained O-GlcNAcylation in mouse brain and liver validated the metabolic phenotypes observed in the cells, and OGT knockdown in the liver elevated ROS levels, impaired respiration, and increased the NRF2 antioxidant response. Moreover, elevated O-GlcNAc levels promoted weight loss and lowered respiration in mice and skewed the mice toward carbohydrate-dependent metabolism as determined by indirect calorimetry. In summary, sustained elevation in O-GlcNAcylation coupled with increased OGA expression reprograms energy metabolism, a finding that has potential implications for the etiology, development, and management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Phie Tan
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Miranda Machacek
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center and.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
| | | | | | - Chad Slawson
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
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Lanza C, Tan EP, Zhang Z, Machacek M, Brinker AE, Azuma M, Slawson C. Reduced O-GlcNAcase expression promotes mitotic errors and spindle defects. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1363-75. [PMID: 27070276 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1167297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in O-GlcNAc cycling, the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, lead to mitotic defects and increased aneuploidy. Herein, we generated stable O-GlcNAcase (OGA, the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc) knockdown HeLa cell lines and characterized the effect of the reduction in OGA activity on cell cycle progression. After release from G1/S, the OGA knockdown cells progressed normally through S phase but demonstrated mitotic exit defects. Cyclin A was increased in the knockdown cells while Cyclin B and D expression was reduced. Retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation was also increased in the knockdown compared to control. At M phase, the knockdown cells showed more compact spindle chromatids than control cells and had a greater percentage of cells with multipolar spindles. Furthermore, the timing of the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) was altered in the OGA knockdown cells. Although expression and localization of the chromosomal passenger protein complex (CPC) was unchanged, histone H3 threonine 3 phosphorylation was decreased in one of the OGA knockdown cell lines. The Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 Protein (EWS) participates in organizing the CPC at the spindle and is a known substrate for O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc). EWS O-GlcNAcylation was significantly increased in the OGA knockdown cells promoting uneven localization of the mitotic midzone. Our data suggests that O-GlcNAc cycling is an essential mechanism for proper mitotic signaling and spindle formation, and alterations in the rate of O-GlcNAc cycling produces aberrant spindles and promotes aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lanza
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Ee Phie Tan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Miranda Machacek
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Amanda E Brinker
- b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Mizuki Azuma
- c KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,d Department of Molecular Biosciences , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,c KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,e Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,f KU Alzheimer Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
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System-based proteomic and metabonomic analysis of the Df(16)A +/- mouse identifies potential miR-185 targets and molecular pathway alterations. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:384-395. [PMID: 27001617 PMCID: PMC5322275 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deletions on chromosome 22q11.2 are a strong genetic risk factor for development of schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction. We employed shotgun liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomic and metabonomic profiling approaches on prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal (HPC) tissue from Df(16)A+/- mice, a model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Proteomic results were compared with previous transcriptomic profiling studies of the same brain regions. The aim was to investigate how the combined effect of the 22q11.2 deletion and the corresponding miRNA dysregulation affects the cell biology at the systems level. The proteomic brain profiling analysis revealed PFC and HPC changes in various molecular pathways associated with chromatin remodelling and RNA transcription, indicative of an epigenetic component of the 22q11.2DS. Further, alterations in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial function and lipid biosynthesis were identified. Metabonomic profiling substantiated the proteomic findings by identifying changes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)-related pathways, such as changes in ceramide phosphoethanolamines, sphingomyelin, carnitines, tyrosine derivates and panthothenic acid. The proteomic findings were confirmed using selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, validating decreased levels of several proteins encoded on 22q11.2, increased levels of the computationally predicted putative miR-185 targets UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit (OGT1) and kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A and alterations in the non-miR-185 targets serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform, neurofilament light chain and vesicular glutamate transporter 1. Furthermore, alterations in the proteins associated with mammalian target of rapamycin signalling were detected in the PFC and with glutamatergic signalling in the hippocampus. Based on the proteomic and metabonomic findings, we were able to develop a schematic model summarizing the most prominent molecular network findings in the Df(16)A+/- mouse. Interestingly, the implicated pathways can be linked to one of the most consistent and strongest proteomic candidates, (OGT1), which is a predicted miR-185 target. Our results provide novel insights into system-biological mechanisms associated with the 22q11DS, which may be linked to cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk to develop schizophrenia. Further investigation of these pathways could help to identify novel drug targets for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Sacoman JL, Dagda RY, Burnham-Marusich AR, Dagda RK, Berninsone PM. Mitochondrial O-GlcNAc Transferase (mOGT) Regulates Mitochondrial Structure, Function, and Survival in HeLa Cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4499-4518. [PMID: 28100784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins and regulates numerous biological processes. OGT is encoded by a single gene that yields nucleocytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms. To date, the role of the mitochondrial isoform of OGT (mOGT) remains largely unknown. Using high throughput proteomics, we identified 84 candidate mitochondrial glycoproteins, of which 44 are novel. Notably, two of the candidate glycoproteins identified (cytochrome oxidase 2 (COX2) and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4 (MT-ND4)) are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Using siRNA in HeLa cells, we found that reducing endogenous mOGT expression leads to alterations in mitochondrial structure and function, including Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation, reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and a significant loss of mitochondrial content in the absence of mitochondrial ROS. These defects are associated with a compensatory increase in oxidative phosphorylation per mitochondrion. mOGT is also critical for cell survival; siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous mOGT protected cells against toxicity mediated by rotenone, a complex I inhibitor. Conversely, reduced expression of both nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT) and mitochondrial (mOGT) OGT isoforms is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and elevated glycolysis, suggesting that ncOGT is a negative regulator of cellular bioenergetics. Last, we determined that mOGT is probably involved in the glycosylation of a restricted set of mitochondrial targets. We identified four proteins implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism regulation as candidate substrates of mOGT, including leucine-rich PPR-containing protein and mitochondrial aconitate hydratase. Our findings suggest that mOGT is catalytically active in vivo and supports mitochondrial structure, health, and survival, whereas ncOGT predominantly regulates cellular bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L Sacoman
- From the Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 and
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