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Liu Y, Xiao X, Wang L, Fu Y, Yao S, Liu X, Chen B, Gao J, Zhai Y, Shen Z, Yan L, Wang Y, Ji P, Wang B, Liu G. The dose-dependent dual effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on cumulus oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:472. [PMID: 39363298 PMCID: PMC11448289 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported for the first time the dose-dependent dual effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) on cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation (IVM). AKG at appropriate concentration (30 µM) has beneficial effects on IVM. This includes improved cumulus expansion, oocyte quality, and embryo development. These effects are mediated through multiple underlying mechanisms. AKG reduced the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cumulus cells, reduced the consumption of GSH and NADPH. Cumulus GSH and NADPH were transported to oocytes via gap junctions, thereby reducing the oxidative stress, apoptosis and maintaining the redox balance in oocytes. In addition, AKG improved the mitochondrial function by regulating the mitochondrial complex 1 related gene expression in oocytes to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. On the other hand, oocyte generated GDF9 could also be transported to cumulus cells to promote cumulus expansion. Conversely, a high concentration of AKG (750 µM) exerted adverse effects on IVM and suppressed the cumulus expansion as well as reduced the oocyte quality. The suppression of the cumulus expansion caused by high concentration of AKG could be rescued with GDF9 supplementation in COCs, indicating the critical role of GDF9 in IVM. The results provide valuable information on the variable effects of AKG at different concentrations on reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Boda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiarui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaying Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Laiqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yoval-Sánchez B, Guerrero I, Ansari F, Niatsetskaya Z, Siragusa M, Magrane J, Ten V, Konrad C, Szibor M, Galkin A. Effect of alternative oxidase (AOX) expression on mouse cerebral mitochondria bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 77:103378. [PMID: 39368457 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that transfers electrons from reduced quinone directly to oxygen without proton translocation. When AOX from Ciona intestinalis is xenotopically expressed in mice, it can substitute the combined electron-transferring activity of mitochondrial complexes III/IV. Here, we used brain mitochondria from AOX-expressing mice with such a chimeric respiratory chain to study respiratory control bioenergetic mechanisms. AOX expression did not compromise the function of the mammalian respiratory chain at physiological conditions, however the complex IV inhibitor cyanide only partially blocked respiration by AOX-containing mitochondria. The relative fraction of cyanide-insensitive respiration increased at lower temperatures, indicative of a temperature-controlled attenuation of mammalian respiratory enzyme activity. As AOX does not translocate protons, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in AOX-containing mitochondria was more sensitive to cyanide during succinate oxidation than during malate/pyruvate-supported respiration. High concentrations of cyanide fully collapsed membrane potential during oxidation of either succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate, but not during malate/pyruvate-supported respiration. This confirms AOX's electroneutral redox activity and indicates differences in the proton-translocating capacity of dehydrogenases upstream of the ubiquinone pool. Our respiration data refutes previous proposals for quinone partitioning within the supercomplexes of the respiratory chain, instead supporting the concept of a single homogeneous, freely diffusing quinone pool. Respiration with either succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate promotes reverse electron transfer (RET) towards complex I. AOX expression significantly decreased RET-induced ROS generation, with the effect more pronounced at low temperatures. Inhibitor-sensitivity analysis showed that the AOX-induced decrease in H2O2 release is due to the lower contribution of complex I to net ROS production during RET. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the role of temperature as a mechanism to control respiration and highlight the utility of AOX as a genetic tool to characterize both the distinct pathways of oxygen reduction and the role of redox control in RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belem Yoval-Sánchez
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ivan Guerrero
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fariha Ansari
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Max Siragusa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jordi Magrane
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vadim Ten
- Departments of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Ježek P, Dlasková A, Engstová H, Špačková J, Tauber J, Průchová P, Kloppel E, Mozheitova O, Jabůrek M. Mitochondrial Physiology of Cellular Redox Regulations. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S217-S242. [PMID: 38647168 PMCID: PMC11412358 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (mt) represent the vital hub of the molecular physiology of the cell, being decision-makers in cell life/death and information signaling, including major redox regulations and redox signaling. Now we review recent advances in understanding mitochondrial redox homeostasis, including superoxide sources and H2O2 consumers, i.e., antioxidant mechanisms, as well as exemplar situations of physiological redox signaling, including the intramitochondrial one and mt-to-cytosol redox signals, which may be classified as acute and long-term signals. This review exemplifies the acute redox signals in hypoxic cell adaptation and upon insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. We also show how metabolic changes under these circumstances are linked to mitochondrial cristae narrowing at higher intensity of ATP synthesis. Also, we will discuss major redox buffers, namely the peroxiredoxin system, which may also promote redox signaling. We will point out that pathological thresholds exist, specific for each cell type, above which the superoxide sources exceed regular antioxidant capacity and the concomitant harmful processes of oxidative stress subsequently initiate etiology of numerous diseases. The redox signaling may be impaired when sunk in such excessive pro-oxidative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Sen B, Benoit B, Brand MD. Hypoxia decreases mitochondrial ROS production in cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:1-8. [PMID: 39147069 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We re-examined the reported increase in mitochondrial ROS production during acute hypoxia in cells. Using the Amplex Ultrared/horseradish peroxidase assay we found a decrease, not increase, in hydrogen peroxide release from HEK293 cells under acute hypoxia, at times ranging from 1 min to 3 h. The rates of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production from each of the three major sites (site IQ in complex I and site IIIQo in complex III in mitochondria, and NADH oxidases (NOX) in the cytosol) were decreased to the same extent by acute hypoxia, with no change in the cells' ability to degrade added hydrogen peroxide. A similar decrease in ROS production under acute hypoxia was found using the diacetyldichlorofluorescein assay. Using a HIF1α reporter cell line we confirmed earlier observations that suppression of superoxide production by site IIIQo decreases HIF1α expression, and found similar effects of suppressing site IQ or NOX. We conclude that increased mitochondrial ROS do not drive the response of HIF1α to acute hypoxia, but suggest that cytosolic H2O2 derived from site IQ, site IIIQo and NOX in cells is necessary to permit HIF1α stabilization by other signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoya Sen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Bérengère Benoit
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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5
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Piotin A, Oulehri W, Charles AL, Tacquard C, Collange O, Mertes PM, Geny B. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria Are Involved in Anaphylaxis and Mast Cell Degranulation: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:920. [PMID: 39199166 PMCID: PMC11352116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis, an allergic reaction caused by the massive release of active mediators, can lead to anaphylactic shock (AS), the most severe and potentially life-threatening form of anaphylactic reaction. Nevertheless, understanding of its pathophysiology to support new therapies still needs to be improved. We performed a systematic review, assessing the role and the complex cellular interplay of mitochondria and oxidative stress during anaphylaxis, mast cell metabolism and degranulation. After presenting the main characteristics of anaphylaxis, the oxidant/antioxidant balance and mitochondrial functions, we focused this review on the involvement of mitochondria and oxidative stress in anaphylaxis. Then, we discussed the role of oxidative stress and mitochondria following mast cell stimulation by allergens, leading to degranulation, in order to further elucidate mechanistic pathways. Finally, we considered potential therapeutic interventions implementing these findings for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Experimental studies evaluated mainly cardiomyocyte metabolism during AS. Cardiac dysfunction was associated with left ventricle mitochondrial impairment and lipid peroxidation. Studies evaluating in vitro mast cell degranulation, following Immunoglobulin E (IgE) or non-IgE stimulation, revealed that mitochondrial respiratory complex integrity and membrane potential are crucial for mast cell degranulation. Antigen stimulation raises reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria, leading to mast cell degranulation. Moreover, mast cell activation involved mitochondrial morphological changes and mitochondrial translocation to the cell surface near exocytosis sites. Interestingly, antioxidant administration reduced degranulation by lowering ROS levels. Altogether, these results highlight the crucial role of oxidative stress and mitochondria during anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation. New therapeutics against anaphylaxis should probably target oxidative stress and mitochondria, in order to decrease anaphylaxis-induced systemic and major organ deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anays Piotin
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Division of Asthma and Allergy, Chest Diseases Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
| | - Walid Oulehri
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
| | - Charles Tacquard
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand Est, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), (INSERM) BPPS UMR_S1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Collange
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Paul-Michel Mertes
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Bernard Geny
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Team 3072 “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection”, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (W.O.); (A.-L.C.); (O.C.); (P.-M.M.)
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Zdanowicz R, Afanasyev P, Pruška A, Harrison JA, Giese C, Boehringer D, Leitner A, Zenobi R, Glockshuber R. Stoichiometry and architecture of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4582. [PMID: 39018392 PMCID: PMC466950 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a key megaenzyme linking glycolysis with the citric acid cycle. In mammalian PDHc, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP) form a 60-subunit core that associates with the peripheral subunits pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The structure and stoichiometry of the fully assembled, mammalian PDHc or its core remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the human PDHc core is formed by 48 E2 copies that bind 48 E1 heterotetramers and 12 E3BP copies that bind 12 E3 homodimers. Cryo-electron microscopy, together with native and cross-linking mass spectrometry, confirmed a core model in which 8 E2 homotrimers and 12 E2-E2-E3BP heterotrimers assemble into a pseudoicosahedral particle such that the 12 E3BP molecules form six E3BP-E3BP intertrimer interfaces distributed tetrahedrally within the 60-subunit core. The even distribution of E3 subunits in the peripheral shell of PDHc guarantees maximum enzymatic activity of the megaenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zdanowicz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Afanasyev
- Cryo-EM Knowledge Hub, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Pruška
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Cryo-EM Knowledge Hub, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Mailloux RJ. The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103155. [PMID: 38615490 PMCID: PMC11021975 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed of four members: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHc), branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism to Krebs cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc enzymes with the heightened capacity to serve as platforms for propagation of intracellular and intercellular signaling. KDHc enzymes serve as a source and sink for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), a vital second messenger used to trigger oxidative eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation of KDHc enzymes through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 and other electrophiles modulates the availability of several Krebs cycle intermediates and related metabolites which serve as powerful intracellular and intercellular messengers. The KDHc enzymes also play important roles in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic programming in the nucleus through the provision of various acyl-CoAs, which are used to acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. Intriguingly, nucleosomal control by acylation is also achieved through PDHc and KGDHc localization to the nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts in the signaling roles fulfilled by the KDHc complexes. I highlight their vital function in serving as mitochondrial redox sensors and how this function can be used by cells to regulate the availability of critical metabolites required in cell signaling. Coupled with this, I describe in detail how defects in KDHc function can cause disease states through the disruption of cell redox homeodynamics and the deregulation of metabolic signaling. Finally, I propose that the intracellular and intercellular signaling functions of the KDHc enzymes are controlled through the reversible redox modification of the vicinal lipoic acid thiols in the E2 subunit of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Grayson C, Faerman B, Koufos O, Mailloux RJ. Fatty acid oxidation drives mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107159. [PMID: 38479602 PMCID: PMC10997840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) generating capacity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and compared it to components of the electron transport chain using liver mitochondria isolated from male and female C57BL6N mice. We show for the first time there are some sex dimorphisms in the production of mH2O2 by electron transport chain complexes I and III when mitochondria are fueled with different substrates. However, in our investigations into these sex effects, we made the unexpected and compelling discovery that 1) KGDH serves as a major mH2O2 supplier in male and female liver mitochondria and 2) KGDH can form mH2O2 when liver mitochondria are energized with fatty acids but only when malate is used to prime the Krebs cycle. Surprisingly, 2-keto-3-methylvaleric acid (KMV), a site-specific inhibitor for KGDH, nearly abolished mH2O2 generation in both male and female liver mitochondria oxidizing palmitoyl-carnitine. KMV inhibited mH2O2 production in liver mitochondria from male and female mice oxidizing myristoyl-, octanoyl-, or butyryl-carnitine as well. S1QEL 1.1 (S1) and S3QEL 2 (S3), compounds that inhibit reactive oxygen species generation by complexes I and III, respectively, without interfering with OxPhos and respiration, had a negligible effect on the rate of mH2O2 production when pyruvate or acyl-carnitines were used as fuels. However, inclusion of KMV in reaction mixtures containing S1 and/or S3 almost abolished mH2O2 generation. Together, our findings suggest KGDH is the main mH2O2 generator in liver mitochondria, even when fatty acids are used as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
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9
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Bundgaard A, Borowiec BG, Lau GY. Are reactive oxygen species always bad? Lessons from hypoxic ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246549. [PMID: 38533673 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is required for aerobic energy metabolism but can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a wide variety of oxidant molecules with a range of biological functions from causing cell damage (oxidative distress) to cell signalling (oxidative eustress). The balance between the rate and amount of ROS generated and the capacity for scavenging systems to remove them is affected by several biological and environmental factors, including oxygen availability. Ectotherms, and in particular hypoxia-tolerant ectotherms, are hypothesized to avoid oxidative damage caused by hypoxia, although it is unclear whether this translates to an increase in ecological fitness. In this Review, we highlight the differences between oxidative distress and eustress, the current mechanistic understanding of the two and how they may affect ectothermic physiology. We discuss the evidence of occurrence of oxidative damage with hypoxia in ectotherms, and that ectotherms may avoid oxidative damage through (1) high levels of antioxidant and scavenging systems and/or (2) low(ering) levels of ROS generation. We argue that the disagreements in the literature as to how hypoxia affects antioxidant enzyme activity and the variable metabolism of ectotherms makes the latter strategy more amenable to ectotherm physiology. Finally, we argue that observed changes in ROS production and oxidative status with hypoxia may be a signalling mechanism and an adaptive strategy for ectotherms encountering hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- University of Cologne, CECAD, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, DE-50931 Köln, Germany
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, CF Moellers Alle 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Biology, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Szabo E, Nagy B, Czajlik A, Komlodi T, Ozohanics O, Tretter L, Ambrus A. Mitochondrial Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes: Recent Developments on Structure and Function in Health and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:295-381. [PMID: 38963492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The present work delves into the enigmatic world of mitochondrial alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes discussing their metabolic significance, enzymatic operation, moonlighting activities, and pathological relevance with links to underlying structural features. This ubiquitous family of related but diverse multienzyme complexes is involved in carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), the citric acid cycle (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), and amino acid catabolism (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase complex); the complexes all function at strategic points and also participate in regulation in these metabolic pathways. These systems are among the largest multienzyme complexes with at times more than 100 protein chains and weights ranging up to ~10 million Daltons. Our chapter offers a wealth of up-to-date information on these multienzyme complexes for a comprehensive understanding of their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Czajlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timea Komlodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Chalifoux O, Faerman B, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative eustress and oxidative distress. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105399. [PMID: 37898400 PMCID: PMC10692731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital entry points for monosaccharides and amino acids into the Krebs cycle and thus integral for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Both complexes produce mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) and are deactivated by electrophiles. Here, we provide an update on the role of PDH and KGDH in mitochondrial redox balance and their function in facilitating metabolic reprogramming for the propagation of oxidative eustress signals in hepatocytes and how defects in these pathways can cause liver diseases. PDH and KGDH are known to account for ∼45% of the total mH2O2 formed by mitochondria and display rates of production several-fold higher than the canonical source complex I. This mH2O2 can also be formed by reverse electron transfer (RET) in vivo, which has been linked to metabolic dysfunctions that occur in pathogenesis. However, the controlled emission of mH2O2 from PDH and KGDH has been proposed to be fundamental for oxidative eustress signal propagation in several cellular contexts. Modification of PDH and KGDH with protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) and S-nitrosylation (PSNO) adducts serves as a feedback inhibitor for mH2O2 production in response to glutathione (GSH) pool oxidation. PSSG and PSNO adduct formation also reprogram the Krebs cycle to generate metabolites vital for interorganelle and intercellular signaling. Defects in the redox modification of PDH and KGDH cause the over generation of mH2O2, resulting in oxidative distress and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In aggregate, PDH and KGDH are essential platforms for emitting and receiving oxidative eustress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chalifoux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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Schmidt S, Stautner C, Vu DT, Heinz A, Regensburger M, Karayel O, Trümbach D, Artati A, Kaltenhäuser S, Nassef MZ, Hembach S, Steinert L, Winner B, Jürgen W, Jastroch M, Luecken MD, Theis FJ, Westmeyer GG, Adamski J, Mann M, Hiller K, Giesert F, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Wurst W. A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7674. [PMID: 37996418 PMCID: PMC10667251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Constantin Stautner
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Letyfee Steinert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winkler Jürgen
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte D Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Camacho-Pereira J, Lai de Souza LO, Chichierchio MS, Rodrigues-Chaves C, Lomba LDS, Fonseca-Oliveira M, Carvalho-Mendonça D, Silva-Rodrigues T, Galina A. The NADase CD38 may not dictate NAD levels in brain mitochondria of aged mice but regulates hydrogen peroxide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:29-39. [PMID: 37774804 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a time-related functional decline that affects many species. One of the hallmarks of aging is mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to metabolic decline. The NAD decline during aging, in several tissues, correlates with increase in NADase activity of CD38. Knock out or pharmacological inhibition of CD38 activity can rescue mitochondrial function in several tissues, however, the role of CD38 in controlling NAD levels and metabolic function in the aging brain is unknown. In this work, we investigated CD38 NADase activity controlling NAD levels and mitochondrial function in mice brain with aging. We demonstrate that NADase activity of CD38 does not dictate NAD total levels in brain of aging mice and does not control mitochondrial oxygen consumption nor other oxygen parameters markers of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, for the first time we show that CD38 regulates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging brain, through regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, as mitochondria H2O2 leakage sites. The effect may be related to mitochondrial calcium handling differences in CD38 absence. Our study highlights a novel role of CD38 in brain energy metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Osbourne Lai de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Marina Santos Chichierchio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Camila Rodrigues-Chaves
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Luiza de Sousa Lomba
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Manoel Fonseca-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Carvalho-Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Thaia Silva-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
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14
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Grayson C, Mailloux RJ. Coenzyme Q 10 and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: Sentinels for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:260-271. [PMID: 37573896 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a mitokine for cell communication. H2O2 output for signaling depends on its rate of production and degradation, both of which are strongly affected by the redox state of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) pool and NADPH availability. Here, we propose the CoQ pool and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) have evolved to be central modalities for mitochondrial H2O2 signaling. Both factors play opposing yet equally important roles in dictating H2O2 availability because they are connected to one another by two central parameters in bioenergetics: electron supply and Δp. The CoQ pool is the central point of convergence for electrons from various dehydrogenases and the electron transport chain (ETC). The increase in Δp creates a significant amount of protonic backpressure on mitochondria to promote H2O2 genesis through CoQ pool reduction. These same factors also drive the activity of NNT, which uses electrons and the Δp to eliminate H2O2. In this way, electron supply and the magnitude of the Δp manifests as a redox connection between the two sentinels, CoQ and NNT, which serve as opposing yet equally important forces required for budgeting H2O2. Taken together, CoQ and NNT are sentinels linked through mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage H2O2 availability for interorganelle and intercellular redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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Zhang HN, Zhang M, Tian W, Quan W, Song F, Liu SY, Liu XX, Mo D, Sun Y, Gao YY, Ye W, Feng YD, Xing CY, Ye C, Zhou L, Meng JR, Cao W, Li XQ. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 aggravates myocardial ischemia-and-reperfusion injury by upregulating reactive oxygen species. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1309-1325. [PMID: 38174113 PMCID: PMC10759261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) proteins form Ca2+-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases. However, the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain poorly understood. We observed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 were highly expressed in the area at risk (AAR) in a coronary artery ligation induced I/R model. Trpc1-/- mice exhibited improved cardiac function, lower serum Troponin T and serum creatine kinase level, smaller infarct volume, less fibrotic scars, and fewer apoptotic cells after myocardial-I/R than wild-type or Trpc6-/- mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Trpc1 using adeno-associated virus 9 mitigated myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, Trpc1 deficiency protected adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs) and HL-1 cells from death during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Trpc1-/- cardiomyocytes. Among these genes, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (Ogdhl) was markedly downregulated. Moreover, Trpc1 deficiency impaired the calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in AMVMs. Suppression of this pathway inhibited Ogdhl upregulation and ROS generation in HL-1 cells under H/R conditions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed NF-κB binding to the Ogdhl promoter. The cardioprotective effect of Trpc1 deficiency was canceled out by overexpression of NF-κB and Ogdhl in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our findings reveal that TRPC1 is upregulated in the AAR following myocardial I/R, leading to increased Ca2+ influx into associated cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, this upregulates Ogdhl expression through the CaN/NF-κB signaling pathway, ultimately exacerbating ROS production and aggravating myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Nan Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fan Song
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying-Da Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chang-Yang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing-Ru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of “Qin Medicine” Research and Development, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China
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16
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Choi RY, Lee MK. Effects of Mealworm Fermentation Extract and Soy Protein Mix Ratio on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obese-Induced Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:255-262. [PMID: 37842251 PMCID: PMC10567600 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that mealworm fermentation extract (TMP) reduced alcoholic hepatic steatogenesis. This study examined how the ratio of TMP and soy protein (SP) mix affected glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice given a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were given HFD supplemented with 100% SP or the following three ratios of TMP and SP mix for 12 weeks: 20% (S4T1), 40% (S3T2), and 60% (S2T3) TMP. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had considerably lower body weight gain and food consumption. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had slightly lower blood insulin and leptin levels, as well as a lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score. The use of TMP instead of SP reduced the size of epididymal adipose tissue cells. An increase in the extent of substitution of SP with TMP inhibited the gene expression of hepatic fructolysis/gluconeogenesis (KHK, ALDOB, DLD, and FBP1), lipogenesis (FAS, SCD1, CD36, and DGAT2), and its transcriptional factors (PPARγ and ChREBP). Furthermore, the S2T3 group dramatically reduced the expression of hepatic genes implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress (PDI) and antioxidant defense (SOD1). The 60% TMP mix, in particular, reduced the expression of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolismrelated genes in HFD-fed mice. The manufacturing of functional processed goods may be accomplished by combining SP and TMP in a 2:3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institution of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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18
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Long DL, McCall CE, Poole LB. Glutathionylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 and inflammatory cytokine production during acute inflammation are magnified by mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102841. [PMID: 37566945 PMCID: PMC10440583 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of inflammatory signaling which triggers generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in responsive cells like THP-1 promonocytes and freshly isolated human monocytes. A key LPS-responsive metabolic pivot point is the 9 MDa mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which provides pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), lipoamide-linked transacetylase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities to produce acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. While phosphorylation-dependent decreases in PDC activity following LPS treatment or sepsis have been deeply investigated, redox-linked processes have received less attention. Data presented here demonstrate that LPS-induced reversible oxidation within PDC occurs in PDCE2 in both THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes. Knockout of PDCE2 by CRISPR and expression of FLAG-tagged PDCE2 in THP-1 cells demonstrated that LPS-induced glutathionylation is associated with wild type PDCE2 but not mutant protein lacking the lipoamide-linking lysine residues. Moreover, the mitochondrially-targeted electrophile MitoCDNB, which impairs both glutathione- and thioredoxin-based reductase systems, elevates ROS similar to LPS but does not cause PDCE2 glutathionylation. However, LPS and MitoCDNB together are highly synergistic for PDCE2 glutathionylation, ROS production, and cell death. Surprisingly, the two treatments together had differential effects on cytokine production; pro-inflammatory IL-1β production was enhanced by the co-treatment, while IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, dropped precipitously compared to LPS treatment alone. This new information may expand opportunities to understand and modulate PDC redox status and activity and improve the outcomes of pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Long
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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19
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Long DL, McCall CE, Poole LB. Glutathionylation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex E2 and Inflammatory Cytokine Production During Acute Inflammation Are Magnified By Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525791. [PMID: 36747682 PMCID: PMC9900926 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of inflammatory signaling which triggers generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in responsive cells like THP-1 promonocytes and freshly isolated human monocytes. A key LPS-responsive metabolic pivot point is the 9 megadalton mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which provides pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), lipoamide-linked transacetylase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities to produce acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. While phosphorylation-dependent decreases in PDC activity following LPS treatment or sepsis have been deeply investigated, redox-linked processes have received less attention. Data presented here demonstrate that LPS-induced reversible oxidation within PDC occurs in PDCE2 in both THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes. Knockout of PDCE2 by CRISPR and expression of FLAG-tagged PDCE2 in THP-1 cells demonstrated that LPS-induced glutathionylation is associated with wild type PDCE2 but not mutant protein lacking the lipoamide-linking lysine residues. Moreover, the mitochondrially-targeted electrophile MitoCDNB, which impairs both glutathione- and thioredoxin-based reductase systems, elevates ROS similar to LPS but does not cause PDCE2 glutathionylation. However, LPS and MitoCDNB together are highly synergistic for PDCE2 glutathionylation, ROS production, and cell death. Surprisingly, the two treatments together had differential effects on cytokine production; pro-inflammatory IL-1β production was enhanced by the co-treatment, while IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, dropped precipitously compared to LPS treatment alone. This new information may expand opportunities to understand and modulate PDC redox status and activity and improve the outcomes of pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Long
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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20
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Cheng X, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang Z, He J, Ke M, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhang L. Mitochondrial Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10037. [PMID: 37373183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, characterized by glutamate overload, glutathione depletion, and cysteine/cystine deprivation during iron- and oxidative-damage-dependent cell death, is a particular mode of regulated cell death. It is expected to effectively treat cancer through its tumor-suppressor function, as mitochondria are the intracellular energy factory and a binding site of reactive oxygen species production, closely related to ferroptosis. This review summarizes relevant research on the mechanisms of ferroptosis, highlights mitochondria's role in it, and collects and classifies the inducers of ferroptosis. A deeper understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and mitochondrial function may provide new strategies for tumor treatment and drug development based on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yichen Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhihang Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jin He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengquan Ke
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Sijie Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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21
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Shu P, Liang H, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Zhang D. Reactive oxygen species formation and its effect on CD4 + T cell-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199233. [PMID: 37304262 PMCID: PMC10249013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced both enzymatically and non-enzymatically in vivo. Physiological concentrations of ROS act as signaling molecules that participate in various physiological and pathophysiological activities and play an important role in basic metabolic functions. Diseases related to metabolic disorders may be affected by changes in redox balance. This review details the common generation pathways of intracellular ROS and discusses the damage to physiological functions when the ROS concentration is too high to reach an oxidative stress state. We also summarize the main features and energy metabolism of CD4+ T-cell activation and differentiation and the effects of ROS produced during the oxidative metabolism of CD4+ T cells. Because the current treatment for autoimmune diseases damages other immune responses and functional cells in the body, inhibiting the activation and differentiation of autoreactive T cells by targeting oxidative metabolism or ROS production without damaging systemic immune function is a promising treatment option. Therefore, exploring the relationship between T-cell energy metabolism and ROS and the T-cell differentiation process provides theoretical support for discovering effective treatments for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Wang K, Moore A, Grayson C, Mailloux RJ. S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) inhibits hydrogen peroxide production by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: An investigation into sex and diet effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:287-300. [PMID: 37225107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and key sites for redox regulation. Here, we report KGDH is more sensitive to inhibition by S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) when compared to PDH and deactivation of both enzymes by nitro modification is affected by sex and diet. Liver mitochondria from male C57BL/6N mice displayed a robust inhibition of H2O2 production after exposure to 500-2000 μM GSNO. H2O2 genesis by PDH was not significantly affected by GSNO. Purified KGDH of porcine heart origin displayed a ∼82% decrease in H2O2 generating activity at 500 μM GSNO, which was mirrored by a decrease in NADH production. By contrast, H2O2- and NADH-producing activity of purified PDH was only minimally affected by an incubation in 500 μM GSNO. Incubations in GSNO had no significant effect on the H2O2-generating activity of KGDH and PDH in female liver mitochondria when compared to samples collected from males, which was attributed to higher GSNO reductase (GSNOR) activity. High fat feeding augmented the GSNO-mediated inhibition of KGDH in liver mitochondria from male mice. Exposure of male mice to a HFD also resulted in a significant decrease in the GSNO-mediated inhibition of H2O2 genesis by PDH, an effect not observed in mice fed a control-matched diet (CD). Female mice displayed higher resistance to the GSNO-induced inhibition of H2O2 production, regardless of being fed a CD or HFD. However, exposure to a HFD did result in a small but significant decrease in H2O2 production by KGDH and PDH when female liver mitochondria were treated with GSNO. Although, the effect was less when compared to their male counterparts. Collectively, we show for the first time GSNO deactivates H2O2 production by α-keto acid dehydrogenases and we demonstrate that sex and diet are determinants for the nitro-inhibition of both KGDH and PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wang
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Moore
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Fujii J, Yamada KI. Defense systems to avoid ferroptosis caused by lipid peroxidation-mediated membrane damage. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:353-372. [PMID: 37551716 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2244155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hydrogen peroxide along with ferrous iron produces hydroxyl radicals that preferably oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to alkyl radicals (L•). The reaction of L• with an oxygen molecule produces lipid peroxyl radical (LOO•) that collectively trigger chain reactions, which results in the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LOOH). Oxygenase enzymes, such as lipoxygenase, also stimulate the peroxidation of PUFA. The production of phospholipid hydroperoxides (P-LOOH) can result in the destruction of the architecture of cell membranes and ultimate cell death. This iron-dependent regulated cell death is generally referred to as ferroptosis. Radical scavengers, which include tocopherol and nitric oxide (•NO), react with lipid radicals and terminate the chain reaction. When tocopherol reductively detoxifies lipid radicals, the resultant tocopherol radicals are recycled via reduction by coenzyme Q or ascorbate. CoQ radicals are reduced back by the anti-ferroptotic enzyme FSP1. •NO reacts with lipid radicals and produces less reactive nitroso compounds. The resulting P-LOOH is reductively detoxified by the action of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) or peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6). The hydrolytic removal of LOOH from P-LOOH by calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads the preservation of membrane structure. While the expression of such protective genes or the presence of these anti-oxidant compounds serve to maintain a healthy condition, tumor cells employ them to make themselves resistant to anti-tumor treatments. Thus, these defense mechanisms against ferroptosis are protective in ordinary cells but are also potential targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondria Need Their Sleep: Redox, Bioenergetics, and Temperature Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and the Role of Cysteine-Mediated Redox Signaling, Uncoupling Proteins, and Substrate Cycles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030674. [PMID: 36978924 PMCID: PMC10045244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although circadian biorhythms of mitochondria and cells are highly conserved and crucial for the well-being of complex animals, there is a paucity of studies on the reciprocal interactions between oxidative stress, redox modifications, metabolism, thermoregulation, and other major oscillatory physiological processes. To address this limitation, we hypothesize that circadian/ultradian interaction of the redoxome, bioenergetics, and temperature signaling strongly determine the differential activities of the sleep–wake cycling of mammalians and birds. Posttranslational modifications of proteins by reversible cysteine oxoforms, S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are shown to play a major role in regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, protein activity, respiration, and metabolomics. Nuclear DNA repair and cellular protein synthesis are maximized during the wake phase, whereas the redoxome is restored and mitochondrial remodeling is maximized during sleep. Hence, our analysis reveals that wakefulness is more protective and restorative to the nucleus (nucleorestorative), whereas sleep is more protective and restorative to mitochondria (mitorestorative). The “redox–bioenergetics–temperature and differential mitochondrial–nuclear regulatory hypothesis” adds to the understanding of mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling, substrate cycling control and hibernation. Similarly, this hypothesis explains how the oscillatory redox–bioenergetics–temperature–regulated sleep–wake states, when perturbed by mitochondrial interactome disturbances, influence the pathogenesis of aging, cancer, spaceflight health effects, sudden infant death syndrome, and diseases of the metabolism and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- McGill Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre—Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ryan J. Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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25
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Yakoviichuk A, Krivova Z, Maltseva S, Kochubey A, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y. Antioxidant Status and Biotechnological Potential of New Vischeria vischeri (Eustigmatophyceae) Soil Strains in Enrichment Cultures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:654. [PMID: 36978902 PMCID: PMC10045218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional state of enrichment cultures of the Eustigmatophycean strains Vischeria vischeri MZ-E3 and MZ-E4 after 25-day cultivation in the BBM medium was studied. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, protein, vitamins A and E, fatty acid peroxidation product content, an antioxidant enzyme, and succinate dehydrogenase activity were measured. MZ-E3 succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher by 2.21 times; the MZ-E4 strain had 2.94 times higher glutathione peroxidase activity. The MZ-E3 antioxidant activity index and the MZ-E3 unsaturation of fatty acids were 1.3 and 1.25 times higher than the MZ-E4. The retinol and α-tocopherol content of the MZ-E3 was 28.6% and 38.76% higher than MZ-E4. The main fatty acid profile differences were the 3.46-fold and 3.92-fold higher stearic and eicosapentaenoic acid content in the MZ-E4 biomass. MZ-E3 had higher antioxidant, energy, and metabolic and photosynthetic status than MZ-E4. The antioxidant status of the studied strains showed the dependence of the adaptive mechanisms of each, associated with differences in the ecological conditions of the biotopes from which they were isolated. These strains are promising for producing α-tocopherol and biomass enriched with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Yakoviichuk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, A. Makarenko Melitopol State University, Melitopol 72312, Russia
| | - Zinaida Krivova
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Angelica Kochubey
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, A. Makarenko Melitopol State University, Melitopol 72312, Russia
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Yevhen Maltsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow 127276, Russia
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26
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Sutter J, Bruggeman PJ, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4673. [PMID: 36902102 PMCID: PMC10003306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious pathogen with a large global footprint, due to its ability to cause lifelong infection in patients. Current antiviral therapies are effective in limiting viral replication in the epithelial cells to alleviate clinical symptoms, but ineffective in eliminating latent viral reservoirs in neurons. Much of HSV-1 pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to manipulate oxidative stress responses to craft a cellular environment that favors HSV-1 replication. However, to maintain redox homeostasis and to promote antiviral immune responses, the infected cell can upregulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) while having a tight control on antioxidant concentrations to prevent cellular damage. Non-thermal plasma (NTP), which we propose as a potential therapy alternative directed against HSV-1 infection, is a means to deliver RONS that affect redox homeostasis in the infected cell. This review emphasizes how NTP can be an effective therapy for HSV-1 infections through the direct antiviral activity of RONS and via immunomodulatory changes in the infected cells that will stimulate anti-HSV-1 adaptive immune responses. Overall, NTP application can control HSV-1 replication and address the challenges of latency by decreasing the size of the viral reservoir in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sutter
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter J. Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Vandana Miller
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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27
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Lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH) deficiency: medical perspectives of the structural and functional characterization of LADH and its pathogenic variants. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00155-6. [PMID: 36842090 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
(Dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic metabolic disorder. It generally presents with an onset in the neonatal age and premature death. The clinical picture usually involves metabolic decompensation and lactic acidosis that lead to neurological, cardiological, and/or hepatological outcomes. Severity of the disease is due to the fact that LADH is a common E3 subunit to the pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoadipate, and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and is also part of the glycine cleavage system; hence, a loss in LADH activity adversely affects several central metabolic pathways simultaneously. The severe clinical manifestations, however, often do not parallel the LADH activity loss, which implies the existence of auxiliary pathological pathways; stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as dissociation from the relevant multienzyme complexes proved to be auxiliary exacerbating pathomechanisms for selected disease-causing LADH mutations. This review provides an overview on the therapeutic challenges of inherited metabolic diseases, structural and functional characteristics of the mitochondrial alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes, molecular pathogenesis and structural basis of LADH deficiency, and relevant potential future medical perspectives.
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28
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Goncalves RLS, Wang ZB, Inouye KE, Lee GY, Fu X, Saksi J, Rosique C, Parlakgul G, Arruda AP, Hui ST, Loperena MC, Burgess SC, Graupera I, Hotamisligil GS. Ubiquinone deficiency drives reverse electron transport to disrupt hepatic metabolic homeostasis in obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.528863. [PMID: 36865319 PMCID: PMC9980148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.528863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are central to physiology. While excess mROS production has been associated with several disease states, its precise sources, regulation, and mechanism of generation in vivo remain unknown, limiting translational efforts. Here we show that in obesity, hepatic ubiquinone (Q) synthesis is impaired, which raises the QH 2 /Q ratio, driving excessive mROS production via reverse electron transport (RET) from site I Q in complex I. Using multiple complementary genetic and pharmacological models in vivo we demonstrated that RET is critical for metabolic health. In patients with steatosis, the hepatic Q biosynthetic program is also suppressed, and the QH 2 /Q ratio positively correlates with disease severity. Our data identify a highly selective mechanism for pathological mROS production in obesity, which can be targeted to protect metabolic homeostasis.
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29
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Visnagri A, Oexner RR, Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Zhang M, Zoccarato A, Shah AM. Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase-Mediated Signaling in Cardiac Remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:371-387. [PMID: 36656669 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the subsequent progression to heart failure (HF). Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are one of the major sources of ROS and are expressed in different heart cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. Recent Advances: NOX-derived ROS are usually produced in a regulated and spatially confined fashion and typically linked to specific signaling. The two main cardiac isoforms, namely nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 4 (NOX4), possess different biochemical and (patho)physiological properties and exert distinct effects on the cardiac phenotype in many settings. Recent work has defined important cell-specific effects of NOX2 that contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. NOX4, on the other hand, may exert protective effects by stimulating adaptive stress responses, with recent data showing that NOX4-mediated signaling regulates transcription and metabolism in the heart. Critical Issues: The inhibition of NOX2 appears to be a very promising therapeutic target to ameliorate pathological cardiac remodeling. If the beneficial effects of NOX4 can be enhanced, this might be a unique approach to boosting adaptive responses and thereby impact cell survival, activation, contractility, and growth. Future Directions: Increasing knowledge regarding the intricacies of NOX-mediated signaling may yield tractable therapeutic targets, in contrast to the non-specific targeting of oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 371-387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Visnagri
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael R Oexner
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zhang
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Availability by Protein S-glutathionylation. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010107. [PMID: 36611901 PMCID: PMC9818751 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been four decades since protein S-glutathionylation was proposed to serve as a regulator of cell metabolism. Since then, this redox-sensitive covalent modification has been identified as a cell-wide signaling platform required for embryonic development and regulation of many physiological functions. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondria use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a second messenger, but its availability must be controlled to prevent oxidative distress and promote changes in cell behavior in response to stimuli. Experimental data favor the function of protein S-glutathionylation as a feedback loop for the inhibition of mitochondrial H2O2 production. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The glutathione pool redox state is linked to the availability of H2O2, making glutathionylation an ideal mechanism for preventing oxidative distress whilst playing a part in desensitizing mitochondrial redox signals. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The biological significance of glutathionylation is rooted in redox status communication. The present review critically evaluates the experimental evidence supporting its role in negating mitochondrial H2O2 production for cell signaling and prevention of electrophilic stress.
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31
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. WITHDRAWN: Mitochondria need their sleep: Sleep-wake cycling and the role of redox, bioenergetics, and temperature regulation, involving cysteine-mediated redox signaling, uncoupling proteins, and substrate cycles. Free Radic Biol Med 2022:S0891-5849(22)01013-9. [PMID: 36462628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada; McGill Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre - Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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32
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Hansen GE, Gibson GE. The α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex as a Hub of Plasticity in Neurodegeneration and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12403. [PMID: 36293260 PMCID: PMC9603878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism is central to neurodegeneration, and considerable evidence suggests that abnormalities in key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle underlie the metabolic deficits. Significant recent advances in the role of metabolism in cancer provide new insight that facilitates our understanding of the role of metabolism in neurodegeneration. Research indicates that the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) and its substrate alpha ketoglutarate (KG), serve as a signaling hub that regulates multiple cellular processes: (1) is the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, (2) is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces ROS, (3) determines whether KG is used for energy or synthesis of compounds to support growth, (4) regulates the cellular responses to hypoxia, (5) controls the post-translational modification of hundreds of cell proteins in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus through succinylation, (6) controls critical aspects of transcription, (7) modulates protein signaling within cells, and (8) modulates cellular calcium. The primary focus of this review is to understand how reductions in KGDHC are translated to pathologically important changes that underlie both neurodegeneration and cancer. An understanding of each role is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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33
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Barartabar Z, Moini N, Abbasalipourkabir R, Mesbah-Namin SA, Ziamajidi N. Assessment of Tissue Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Parameters, and Zinc and Copper Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3233-3244. [PMID: 36221018 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease, and among the many factors which are involved in the onset, progression, and invasion of the disease, oxidative stress plays a significant role. The concentration and activity of enzymatic antioxidants are proportional to the concentration of trace elements, and the concentration of trace elements is often deficient in malignancies. Therefore, in the present study, we studied the tissue levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant status, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in breast cancer patients. Tissue samples were collected from 40 patients with breast cancer and 40 tumor margin tissue as a control group. All subjects gave their informed consent. The tissue samples were measured for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidants capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), Zn, and Cu. Data of all biochemical parameters of two groups were statistically analyzed by SPSS software, t test, and GraphPad Prism. Concentrations of MDA, TOS, and OSI in tumor tissue were significantly higher than tumor margin tissue, but the level of TAC and CAT, SOD, and GPX activities was significantly reduced in tumor tissue (p<0.05). It was found that the concentrations of Zn and Cu in breast cancer patients were higher than tumor margin tissue. Patients with breast cancer have a rise in oxidative stress indicators and a decrease in antioxidant stress markers. Since oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the development and progression of breast cancer, more research might lead to a more effective method of breast cancer treatment. Considering the dual role of oxidative stress in cancer, which can both cause survival and adaptation, and the death of cancer cells, and with more information, it can be used to manage the treatment and destruction of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Barartabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nazi Moini
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACERCR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
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34
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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35
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Eftekharpour E, Fernyhough P. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:578-596. [PMID: 34416846 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review highlights the many intracellular processes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peripheral nervous system in the context of type 1 diabetes. The major sources of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are described, and scavenging systems are explained. Important roles of ROS in regulating normal redox signaling and in a disease setting, such as diabetes, contributing to oxidative stress and cellular damage are outlined. The primary focus is the role of hyperglycemia in driving elevated ROS production and oxidative stress contributing to neurodegeneration in diabetic neuropathy (within the dorsal root ganglia [DRG] and peripheral nerve). Recent Advances: Contributors to ROS production under high intracellular glucose concentration such as mitochondria and the polyol pathway are discussed. The primarily damaging impact of ROS on multiple pathways including mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and epigenetic signaling is covered. Critical Issues: There is a strong focus on mechanisms of diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and how this may drive ROS production (in particular superoxide). The mitochondrial sites of superoxide/H2O2 production via mitochondrial metabolism and aerobic respiration are reviewed. Future Directions: Areas for future development are highlighted, including the need to clarify diabetes-induced changes in autophagy and ER function in neurons and Schwann cells. In addition, more clarity is needed regarding the sources of ROS production at mitochondrial sites under high glucose concentration (and lack of insulin signaling). New areas of study should be introduced to investigate the role of ROS, nuclear lamina function, and epigenetic signaling under diabetic conditions in peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology and Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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36
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Gerencser AA, Brand MD. Effects of sugars, fatty acids and amino acids on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from liver cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:92-102. [PMID: 35716827 PMCID: PMC9363135 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rates of formation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at different electron-donating sites in isolated mitochondria are critically dependent on the substrates that are added, through their effects on the reduction level of each site and the components of the protonmotive force. However, in intact cells the acute effects of added substrates on different sites of cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production are unclear. Here we tested the effects of substrate addition on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from intact AML12 liver cells. In 30-min starved cells replete with endogenous substrates, addition of glucose, fructose, palmitate, alanine, leucine or glutamine had no effect on the rate or origin of cellular hydrogen peroxide release. However, following 150-min starvation of the cells to deplete endogenous glycogen (and other substrates), cellular hydrogen peroxide production, particularly from NADPH oxidases (NOXs), was decreased, GSH/GSSH ratio increased, and antioxidant gene expression was unchanged. Addition of glucose or glutamine (but not the other substrates) increased hydrogen peroxide release. There were similar relative increases from each of the three major sites of production: mitochondrial sites IQ and IIIQo, and cytosolic NOXs. Glucose supplementation also restored ATP production and mitochondrial NAD reduction level, suggesting that the increased rates of hydrogen peroxide release from the mitochondrial sites were driven by increases in the protonmotive force and the degree of reduction of the electron transport chain. Long-term (24 h) glucose or glutamine deprivation also diminished hydrogen peroxide release rate, ATP production rate and (for glucose deprivation) NAD reduction level. We conclude that the rates of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production from mitochondrial sites in liver cells are insensitive to extra added substrates when endogenous substrates are not depleted, but these rates are decreased when endogenous substrates are lowered by 150 min of starvation, and can be enhanced by restoring glucose or glutamine supply through improvements in mitochondrial energetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Yini Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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37
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Horváth G, Sváb G, Komlódi T, Ravasz D, Kacsó G, Doczi J, Chinopoulos C, Ambrus A, Tretter L. Reverse and Forward Electron Flow-Induced H2O2 Formation Is Decreased in α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) Subunit (E2 or E3) Heterozygote Knock Out Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081487. [PMID: 36009207 PMCID: PMC9404749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHc), or 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, that has been identified in neurodegenerative diseases such as in Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to establish the role of the KGDHc and its subunits in the bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of brain mitochondria. To study the bioenergetic profile of KGDHc, genetically modified mouse strains were used having a heterozygous knock out (KO) either in the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (DLST+/−) or in the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD+/−) subunit. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and expression of antioxidant enzymes were measured in isolated mouse brain mitochondria. Here, we demonstrate that the ADP-stimulated respiration of mitochondria was partially arrested in the transgenic animals when utilizing α-ketoglutarate (α-KG or 2-OG) as a fuel substrate. Succinate and α-glycerophosphate (α-GP), however, did not show this effect. The H2O2 production in mitochondria energized with α-KG was decreased after inhibiting the adenine nucleotide translocase and Complex I (CI) in the transgenic strains compared to the controls. Similarly, the reverse electron transfer (RET)-evoked H2O2 formation supported by succinate or α-GP were inhibited in mitochondria isolated from the transgenic animals. The decrease of RET-evoked ROS production by DLST+/− or DLD+/− KO-s puts the emphasis of the KGDHc in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion evoked oxidative stress. Supporting this notion, expression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase was also decreased in the KGDHc transgenic animals suggesting the attenuation of ROS-producing characteristics of KGDHc. These findings confirm the contribution of the KGDHc to the mitochondrial ROS production and in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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38
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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39
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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40
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Garg SS, Gupta J. Polyol pathway and redox balance in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106326. [PMID: 35752357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health disease that is globally approaching epidemic proportions. One of the major causes of type 2 diabetes is either a defect in insulin secretion or insulin action which is usually caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Not only these factors but others such as deregulation of various pathways, and oxidative stress are also known to trigger the redox imbalance in diabetics. Increasing evidences suggest that there are tight interactions between the development of diabetes and redox imbalance. An alternate pathway of glucose metabolism, the polyol pathway, becomes active in patients with diabetes that disturbs the balance between NADH and NAD+ . The occurrence of such redox imbalance supports other pathways that lead to oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins and consequently to oxidative stress which further ascend diabetes and its complications. However, the precise mechanism through which oxidative stress regulates diabetes progression remains to be elucidated. The understanding of how antioxidants and oxidants are controlled and impact the generation of oxidative stress and progression of diabetes is essential. The main focus of this review is to provide an overview of redox imbalance caused by oxidative stress through the polyol pathway. Understanding the pathological role of oxidative stress in diabetes will help to design potential therapeutic strategies against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Suren Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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41
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Picca A, Ferri E, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Marzetti E, Arosio B. Age-Associated Glia Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration: Antioxidant Supplementation as a Possible Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:2406. [PMID: 35745134 PMCID: PMC9230668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces substantial remodeling of glia, including density, morphology, cytokine expression, and phagocytic capacity. Alterations of glial cells, such as hypertrophy of lysosomes, endosomes and peroxisomes, and the progressive accumulation of lipofuscin, lipid droplets, and other debris have also been reported. These abnormalities have been associated with significant declines of microglial processes and reduced ability to survey the surrounding tissue, maintain synapses, and recover from injury. Similarly, aged astrocytes show reduced capacity to support metabolite transportation to neurons. In the setting of reduced glial activity, stressors and/or injury signals can trigger a coordinated action of microglia and astrocytes that may amplify neuroinflammation and contribute to the release of neurotoxic factors. Oxidative stress and proteotoxic aggregates may burst astrocyte-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus activating microglia, favoring microgliosis, and ultimately making the brain more susceptible to injury and/or neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the contribution of microglia and astrocyte oxidative stress to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, highlight the pathways that may help gain insights into their molecular mechanisms, and describe the benefits of antioxidant supplementation-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Hélio J. Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Guo J, Liu K, Wang J, Jiang H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Shan C, Hu F, Fu W, Zhang C, Li J, Chen Y. A rational foundation for micheliolide-based combination strategy by targeting redox and metabolic circuit in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pan Y, Lu Y, Zhou JD, Wang CX, Wang JQ, Fukunaga A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Prospect of thioredoxin as a possibly effective tool to combat OSAHS. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:421-429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kiessling E, Peters F, Ebner LJ, Merolla L, Samardzija M, Baumgartner MR, Grimm C, Froese DS. HIF1 and DROSHA are involved in MMACHC repression in hypoxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Golchert J, Staar D, Bennewitz J, Hartmann M, Hoffmann N, Ameling S, Völker U, Peters J, Wanka H. Overexpression of Renin-B Induces Warburg-like Effects That Are Associated with Increased AKT/mTOR Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091459. [PMID: 35563765 PMCID: PMC9103744 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical secretory renin-a is known to be involved in angiotensin generation, thereby regulating not only blood pressure, but also promoting oxidative stress as well as apoptotic and necrotic cell death. In contrast, another cytosolic renin isoform named renin-b has been described, exerting protective effects under ischemia-related conditions in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Using microarray-based transcriptome analyses, we aimed to identify the signaling pathways involved in mediating cardioprotection in H9c2 cells overexpressing renin-b. By transcriptome profiling, we identified increased gene expression of several genes encoding glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters, while the transcript levels of TCA-cycle enzymes were decreased. Complementing data from metabolic analyses revealed enhanced glucose consumption and lactate accumulation due to renin-b overexpression. Renin-b overexpression further stimulated AKT/mTOR signaling, where numerous genes involved in this pathway showed altered transcript levels. For AKT, we also detected enhanced phosphorylation levels by means of Western blotting, suggesting an activation of this kinase. Moreover, analysis of the ROS levels identified an increase in ROS accumulation in renin-b-overexpressing cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate that renin-b overexpression induces the metabolic remodeling of H9c2 cells similar to that seen under oxygen deprivation. This metabolic phenotype exerting so-called aerobic glycolysis is also known as the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Golchert
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Doreen Staar
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Jonathan Bennewitz
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Miriam Hartmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Nadin Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.A.); (U.V.)
- Partner Site Greifswald, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.A.); (U.V.)
- Partner Site Greifswald, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Peters
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Heike Wanka
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (J.G.); (D.S.); (J.B.); (M.H.); (N.H.); (H.W.)
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Chang LC, Chiang SK, Chen SE, Hung MC. Targeting 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1436-1455. [PMID: 35530286 PMCID: PMC9077069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also called Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is an amphoteric pathway, contributing to catabolic degradation and anaplerotic reactions to supply precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc, also called α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) a highly regulated enzyme in TCA cycle, converts α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to succinyl-Coenzyme A in accompany with NADH generation for ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. The step collaborates with glutaminolysis at an intersectional point to govern αKG levels for energy production, nucleotide and amino acid syntheses, and the resources for macromolecule synthesis in cancer cells with rapid proliferation. Despite being a flavoenzyme susceptible to electron leakage contributing to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, OGDHc is highly sensitive to peroxides such as HNE (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and moreover, its activity mediates the activation of several antioxidant pathways. The characteristics endow OGDHc as a critical redox sensor in mitochondria. Accumulating evidences suggest that dysregulation of OGDHc impairs cellular redox homeostasis and disturbs substrate fluxes, leading to a buildup of oncometabolites along the pathogenesis and development of cancers. In this review, we describe molecular interactions, regulation of OGDHc expression and activity and its relationships with diseases, specifically focusing on cancers. In the end, we discuss the potential of OGDHs as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chu Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Chiang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing UniversityTaiwan
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
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Therapeutic Targets for Regulating Oxidative Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Study from a Pharmacological Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8624318. [PMID: 35450409 PMCID: PMC9017553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is damage caused by restoring blood flow into ischemic tissues or organs. This complex and characteristic lesion accelerates cell death induced by signaling pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and even ferroptosis. In addition to the direct association between I-R and the release of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, it is involved in developing mitochondrial oxidative damage. Thus, its mechanism plays a critical role via reactive species scavenging, calcium overload modulation, electron transport chain blocking, mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation, or noncoding RNA transcription. Other receptors and molecules reduce tissue and organ damage caused by this pathology and other related diseases. These molecular targets have been gradually discovered and have essential roles in I-R resolution. Therefore, the current study is aimed at highlighting the importance of these discoveries. In this review, we inquire about the oxidative damage receptors that are relevant to reducing the damage induced by oxidative stress associated with I-R. Several complications on surgical techniques and pathology interventions do not mitigate the damage caused by I-R. Nevertheless, these therapies developed using alternative targets could work as coadjuvants in tissue transplants or I-R-related pathologies
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Isei MO, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Copper modulates heart mitochondrial H 2O 2 emission differently during fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109267. [PMID: 35026399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the preferred cardiac metabolic fuels are fatty acids, glucose metabolism also plays an important role. However, irrespective of substrate type, energy generation results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To determine if the preference of fat over carbohydrates predisposes cardiomyocytes to oxidant production, we measured total and site-specific H2O2 emission in heart mitochondria oxidizing palmitoylcarnitine or pyruvate during copper (Cu) exposure. H2O2 emission was higher during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine compared with pyruvate. Moreover, the bulk of the H2O2 emitted during palmitoylcarnitine oxidation originated from the outer ubiquinone binding site of complex III (site IIIQo) and the flavin site of electron transfer flavoprotein (site EF). We found no evidence of ROS production from complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ) by reverse electron transport during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. Pyruvate oxidation also drove H2O2 emission primarily from sites IIIQo; however, the flavin sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase (site PF) and complex II (site IIF) contributed substantially. The effect of Cu depended on substrate and redox site, with effects at sites OF and IIIQo being more pronounced in mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate compared with palmitoylcarnitine. Cu imposed a concentration-saturable effect at site PF but concentration-dependently stimulated H2O2 emission at site EF. The substrate-dependent differences in H2O2 emission and effects of Cu suggest that fuel type and points of entry of electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport system determine the mitochondrial ROS production rate. Importantly, knowledge of sites of mitochondrial ROS production is crucial to the understanding of cardiac dysfunction associated with impaired substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Superoxide Radicals in the Execution of Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030501. [PMID: 35326151 PMCID: PMC8944419 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense against an oxidative insult by ROS. However, the resulting hydrogen peroxide is still reactive and, in the presence of free ferrous iron, may produce hydroxyl radicals and exacerbate diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are the preferred target of hydroxyl radicals. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death induced by lipid peroxides in the presence of free iron, has attracted considerable interest because of its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Radical electrons, namely those released from mitochondrial electron transfer complexes, and those produced by enzymatic reactions, such as lipoxygenases, appear to cause lipid peroxidation. While GPX4 is the most potent anti-ferroptotic enzyme that is known to reduce lipid peroxides to alcohols, other antioxidative enzymes are also indirectly involved in protection against ferroptosis. Moreover, several low molecular weight compounds that include α-tocopherol, ascorbate, and nitric oxide also efficiently neutralize radical electrons, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. The removal of radical electrons in the early stages is of primary importance in protecting against ferroptosis and other diseases that are related to oxidative stress.
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Mimicking caloric restriction for anti-aging effects: the pro-oxidant role of alpha-ketoglutarate. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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