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Elkanawati RY, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Impact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3337-3360. [PMID: 39100221 PMCID: PMC11298177 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s468147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex pathological condition central to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This review evaluates the impact of lipids on insulin resistance (IR) by analyzing findings from human and animal studies. The articles were searched on the PubMed database using two keywords: (1) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Humans" and (2) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Animal Models". Studies in humans revealed that elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TGs) are closely associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, and interventions like metformin and omega-3 fatty acids show potential benefits. In animal models, high-fat diets disrupt insulin signaling and increase inflammation, with lipid mediators such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides playing significant roles. DAG activates protein kinase C, which eventually impairs insulin signaling, while ceramides inhibit Akt/PKB, further contributing to IR. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Yulifah Elkanawati
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jawa Barat, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
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2
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Yu W, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Long X, Yi Y, Ai S. Fumigaclavine C ameliorates liver steatosis by attenuating hepatic de novo lipogenesis via modulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37587459 PMCID: PMC10428638 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well defined as a common chronic liver metabolism disorder. Statins as a first-line therapeutic treatment had some side effects. Here, we found that Fumigaclavine C (FC) was collected from endophytic Aspergillus terreus via the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae), had potential anti-adipogenic and hepatoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo without obvious adverse side effects. However, the mechanisms of the prevention and management of FC for hepatic steatosis are incompletely delineated. METHODS The pharmacodynamic effects of FC were measured in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Liver index and blood biochemical were examined. Histopathological examination in the liver was performed by hematoxylin & eosin or oil red O. The levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, FFA, T-bili, ALT, AST, creatinine, and creatine kinase were estimated via diagnostic assay kits. The levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes were detected via qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hepatic de novo lipogenesis were quantitated with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: FC-treatment markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. FC significantly attenuated the hepatic lipid metabolism and ameliorated liver injury without obvious adverse side effects. Moreover, FC also could dose-dependently modulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription genes. Mechanically, FC notably suppressed sterol response element binding protein-1c mediated de novo lipogenesis via interfering with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway by decreasing the levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that FC could improve hepatic steatosis through inhibiting de novo lipogenesis via modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanguo Yu
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoya Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Long
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yi
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ai
- Key Laboratory for Processing of Sugar Resources of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, 268 Donghuan Road, Liuzhou, 545006, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Muehlebach ME, Holstein SA. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: Role in human health, disease and potential therapeutic target. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1167. [PMID: 36650113 PMCID: PMC9845123 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), an enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, is responsible for the production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). GGPP serves as a substrate for the post-translational modification (geranylgeranylation) of proteins, including those belonging to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins play key roles in signalling pathways, cytoskeletal regulation and intracellular transport, and in the absence of the prenylation modification, cannot properly localise and function. Aberrant expression of GGDPS has been implicated in various human pathologies, including liver disease, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary disease and malignancy. Thus, this enzyme is of particular interest from a therapeutic perspective. Here, we review the physiological function of GGDPS as well as its role in pathophysiological processes. We discuss the current GGDPS inhibitors under development and the therapeutic implications of targeting this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Muehlebach
- Cancer Research Doctoral ProgramUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sarah A. Holstein
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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4
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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5
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Chong D, Chen Z, Guan S, Zhang T, Xu N, Zhao Y, Li C. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate-mediated protein geranylgeranylation regulates endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis during vasculogenesis in mouse embryo. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:300-311. [PMID: 34049800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular development is essential for the establishment of the circulatory system during embryonic development and requires the proliferation of endothelial cells. However, the underpinning regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a metabolite involved in protein geranylgeranylation, plays an indispensable role in embryonic vascular development. GGPP is synthesized by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) in the mevalonate pathway. The selective knockout of Ggpps in endothelial cells led to aberrant vascular development and embryonic lethality, resulting from the decreased proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of endothelial cells during vasculogenesis. The defect in protein geranylgeranylation induced by GGPP depletion inhibited the membrane localization of RhoA and enhanced yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation, thereby prohibiting the entry of YAP into the nucleus and the expression of YAP target genes related to cell proliferation and the antiapoptosis process. Moreover, inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by simvastatin induced endothelial cell proliferation defects and apoptosis, which were ameliorated by GGPP. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a precursor of GGPP, ameliorated the harmful effects of simvastatin on vascular development of developing fetuses in pregnant mice. These results indicate that GGPP-mediated protein geranylgeranylation is essential for endothelial cell proliferation and the antiapoptosis process during embryonic vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shan Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Na Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Bai Y, Du Q, Zhang L, Li L, Tang L, Zhang W, Du R, Li P, Li L. Fasudil alleviated insulin resistance through promotion of proliferation, attenuation of cell apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/Rho kinase/insulin/nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1118-1127. [PMID: 33779714 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasudil on insulin resistance (IR) in HTR-8/SVneo cells. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with insulin or/and fasudil. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and related signalling pathways were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Insulin treatment significantly enhanced the protein expressions of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2), but decreased glucose consumption. Administration of fasudil effectively promoted glucose uptake. Moreover, fasudil enhanced cell viability and the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Insulin-mediated cell apoptosis was inhibited by fasudil via the down-regulation of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and the up-regulation of bcl-2. At the same time, fasudil led to the reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in insulin-treated cells. In addition, RhoA, ROCK2 and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (p-MYPT-1) expressions were down-regulated by fasudil. Importantly, fasudil activated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) through increasing p-IRS-1 (Tyr612) and p-Akt expressions. The nuclear NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α levels were reduced via the administration of fasudil in insulin-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil mitigated IR by the promotion of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/ROCK/insulin/NF-κB signalling pathway through in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Haney SL, Varney ML, Chhonker Y, Talmon G, Smith LM, Murry DJ, Holstein SA. In vivo evaluation of combination therapy targeting the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105528. [PMID: 33667685 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), an enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP), produces the isoprenoid (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, GGPP) used in protein geranylgeranylation reactions. Our prior studies utilizing triazole bisphosphonate-based GGDPS inhibitors (GGSIs) have revealed that these agents represent a novel strategy by which to induce cancer cell death, including multiple myeloma and pancreatic cancer. Statins inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme in the IBP and potentiate the effects of GGSIs in vitro. The in vivo effects of combination therapy with statins and GGSIs have not been determined. Here we evaluated the effects of combining VSW1198, a novel GGSI, with a statin (lovastatin or pravastatin) in CD-1 mice. Twice-weekly dosing with VSW1198 at the previously established maximally tolerated dose in combination with a statin led to hepatotoxicity, while once-weekly VSW1198-based combinations were feasible. No abnormalities in kidney, spleen, brain or skeletal muscle were observed with combination therapy. Combination therapy disrupted protein geranylgeranylation in vivo. Evaluation of hepatic isoprenoid levels revealed decreased GGPP levels in the single drug groups and undetectable GGPP levels in the combination groups. Additional studies with combinations using 50% dose-reductions of either VSW1198 or lovastatin revealed minimal hepatotoxicity with expected on-target effects of diminished GGPP levels and disruption of protein geranylgeranylation. Combination statin/GGSI therapy significantly slowed tumor growth in a myeloma xenograft model. Collectively, these studies are the first to demonstrate that combination IBP inhibitor therapy alters isoprenoid levels and disrupts protein geranylgeranylation in vivo as well as slows tumor growth in a myeloma xenograft model, thus providing the framework for future clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Haney
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michelle L Varney
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yashpal Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah A Holstein
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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9
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Wei L, Zheng YY, Sun J, Wang P, Tao T, Li Y, Chen X, Sang Y, Chong D, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qiu T, Li CJ, Zhu MS, Zhang X. GGPP depletion initiates metaflammation through disequilibrating CYB5R3-dependent eicosanoid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15988-16001. [PMID: 32913122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaflammation is a primary inflammatory complication of metabolic disorders characterized by altered production of many inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipid mediators. Whereas multiple inflammation networks have been identified, the mechanisms by which metaflammation is initiated have long been controversial. As the mevalonate pathway (MVA) produces abundant bioactive isoprenoids and abnormal MVA has a phenotypic association with inflammation/immunity, we speculate that isoprenoids from the MVA may provide a causal link between metaflammation and metabolic disorders. Using a line with the MVA isoprenoid producer geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) deleted, we find that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) depletion causes an apparent metaflammation as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of fatty acids, eicosanoid intermediates, and proinflammatory cytokines. We also find that GGPP prenylate cytochrome b 5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) and the prenylated CYB5R3 then translocate from the mitochondrial to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pool. As CYB5R3 is a critical NADH-dependent reductase necessary for eicosanoid metabolism in ER, we thus suggest that GGPP-mediated CYB5R3 prenylation is necessary for metabolism. In addition, we observe that pharmacological inhibition of the MVA pathway by simvastatin is sufficient to inhibit CYB5R3 translocation and induces smooth muscle death. Therefore, we conclude that the dysregulation of MVA intermediates is an essential mechanism for metaflammation initiation, in which the imbalanced production of eicosanoid intermediates in the ER serve as an important pathogenic factor. Moreover, the interplay of MVA and eicosanoid metabolism as we reported here illustrates a model for the coordinating regulation among metabolite pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyang Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuena Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Foley AR, Zou Y, Dunford JE, Rooney J, Chandra G, Xiong H, Straub V, Voit T, Romero N, Donkervoort S, Hu Y, Markello T, Horn A, Qebibo L, Dastgir J, Meilleur KG, Finkel RS, Fan Y, Mamchaoui K, Duguez S, Nelson I, Laporte J, Santi M, Malfatti E, Maisonobe T, Touraine P, Hirano M, Hughes I, Bushby K, Oppermann U, Böhm J, Jaiswal JK, Stojkovic T, Bönnemann CG. GGPS1 Mutations Cause Muscular Dystrophy/Hearing Loss/Ovarian Insufficiency Syndrome. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:332-347. [PMID: 32403198 PMCID: PMC7496979 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A hitherto undescribed phenotype of early onset muscular dystrophy associated with sensorineural hearing loss and primary ovarian insufficiency was initially identified in 2 siblings and in subsequent patients with a similar constellation of findings. The goal of this study was to understand the genetic and molecular etiology of this condition. METHODS We applied whole exome sequencing (WES) superimposed on shared haplotype regions to identify the initial biallelic variants in GGPS1 followed by GGPS1 Sanger sequencing or WES in 5 additional families with the same phenotype. Molecular modeling, biochemical analysis, laser membrane injury assay, and the generation of a Y259C knock-in mouse were done. RESULTS A total of 11 patients in 6 families carrying 5 different biallelic pathogenic variants in specific domains of GGPS1 were identified. GGPS1 encodes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway, which catalyzes the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the lipid precursor of geranylgeranylated proteins including small guanosine triphosphatases. In addition to proximal weakness, all but one patient presented with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and all postpubertal females had primary ovarian insufficiency. Muscle histology was dystrophic, with ultrastructural evidence of autophagic material and large mitochondria in the most severe cases. There was delayed membrane healing after laser injury in patient-derived myogenic cells, and a knock-in mouse of one of the mutations (Y259C) resulted in prenatal lethality. INTERPRETATION The identification of specific GGPS1 mutations defines the cause of a unique form of muscular dystrophy with hearing loss and ovarian insufficiency and points to a novel pathway for this clinical constellation. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:332-347.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Yaqun Zou
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - James E. Dunford
- Botnar Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre OxfordUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jachinta Rooney
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Children's National Health SystemCenter for Genetic Medicine ResearchWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Volker Straub
- Institute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for LifeNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas Voit
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Norma Romero
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research U974, Sorbonne UniversityInstitute of Myology, APHPParisFrance
- Neuromuscular Morphology UnitInstitute of Myology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas Markello
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramNational Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Adam Horn
- Children's National Health SystemCenter for Genetic Medicine ResearchWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Leila Qebibo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and OncogeneticsUniversity HospitalFesMorocco
| | - Jahannaz Dastgir
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyGoryeb Children's HospitalMorristownNew JerseyUSA
| | - Katherine G. Meilleur
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- BiogenCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard S. Finkel
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Translational Neuroscience ProgramSt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Yanbin Fan
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research U974, Sorbonne UniversityInstitute of Myology, APHPParisFrance
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research U974, Sorbonne UniversityInstitute of Myology, APHPParisFrance
- School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityDerryUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Nelson
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research U974, Sorbonne UniversityInstitute of Myology, APHPParisFrance
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1258, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104University of StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research U974, Sorbonne UniversityInstitute of Myology, APHPParisFrance
- U1179 University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines‐National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchParis‐Saclay UniversityVersaillesFrance
- Neurology Department, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases North/East/Ile de FranceRaymond‐Poincaré University HospitalGarchesFrance
| | - Thierry Maisonobe
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, APHPReference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development and Reference Center for Rare Gynecologic DisordersParisFrance
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Imelda Hughes
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyRoyal Manchester Children's HospitalManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Kate Bushby
- Institute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for LifeNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre OxfordUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1258, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104University of StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Jyoti K. Jaiswal
- Children's National Health SystemCenter for Genetic Medicine ResearchWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Genomics and Precision MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, APHPReference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases North/East/Ile de FranceParisFrance
| | - Carsten G. Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Zhao Y, Wu TY, Zhao MF, Li CJ. The balance of protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5152-5162. [PMID: 32139507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is an essential posttranslational modification and includes protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation using farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrates, respectively. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase is a branch point enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that affects the ratio of farnesyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Abnormal geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase expression and activity can therefore disrupt the balance of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation and alter the ratio between farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins. This change is associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition characterized by hepatic fat overload. Of note, differential accumulation of farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins has been associated with differential stages of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize key aspects of protein prenylation as well as advances that have uncovered the regulation of associated metabolic patterns and signaling pathways, such as Ras GTPase signaling, involved in NAFLD progression. Additionally, we discuss unique opportunities for targeting prenylation in NAFLD/hepatocellular carcinoma with agents such as statins and bisphosphonates to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animals Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tian-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China .,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animals Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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12
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Zhao Y, Zhao MF, Jiang S, Wu J, Liu J, Yuan XW, Shen D, Zhang JZ, Zhou N, He J, Fang L, Sun XT, Xue B, Li CJ. Liver governs adipose remodelling via extracellular vesicles in response to lipid overload. Nat Commun 2020; 11:719. [PMID: 32024826 PMCID: PMC7002740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid overload results in lipid redistribution among metabolic organs such as liver, adipose, and muscle; therefore, the interplay between liver and other organs is important to maintain lipid homeostasis. Here, we show that liver responds to lipid overload first and sends hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) targeting adipocytes to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (Ggpps) expression in liver is enhanced by lipid overload and regulates EV secretion through Rab27A geranylgeranylation. Consistently, liver-specific Ggpps deficient mice have reduced fat adipose deposition. The levels of several EV-derived miRNAs in the plasma of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), and these miRNAs enhance adipocyte lipid accumulation. Thus, we highlight an inter-organ mechanism whereby the liver senses different metabolic states and sends corresponding signals to remodel adipose tissue to adapt to metabolic changes in response to lipid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xian-Wen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Di Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jing-Zi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jian He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xi-Tai Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University & Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Landry T, Shookster D, Huang H. Tissue-Specific Approaches Reveal Diverse Metabolic Functions of Rho-Kinase 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622581. [PMID: 33633690 PMCID: PMC7901932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.622581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) has been implicated in diverse metabolic functions throughout the body, with promising evidence identifying ROCK1 as a therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. Considering these metabolic roles, several pharmacological inhibitors have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ROCK1 function. Y27632 and fasudil are two common ROCK1 inhibitors; however, they have varying non-specific selectivity to inhibit other AGC kinase subfamily members and whole-body pharmacological approaches lack tissue-specific insight. As a result, interpretation of studies with these inhibitors is difficult, and alternative approaches are needed to elucidate ROCK1's tissue specific metabolic functions. Fortunately, recent technological advances utilizing molecular carriers or genetic manipulation have facilitated discovery of ROCK1's tissue-specific mechanisms of action. In this article, we review the tissue-specific roles of ROCK1 in the regulation of energy balance and substrate utilization. We highlight prominent metabolic roles in liver, adipose, and skeletal muscle, in which ROCK1 regulates energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism via inhibition of AMPK2α and paradoxical modulation of insulin signaling. Compared to ROCK1's roles in peripheral tissues, we also describe contradictory functions of ROCK1 in the hypothalamus to increase energy expenditure and decrease food intake via leptin signaling. Furthermore, dysregulated ROCK1 activity in either of these tissues results in metabolic disease phenotypes. Overall, tissue-specific approaches have made great strides in deciphering the many critical metabolic functions of ROCK1 and, ultimately, may facilitate the development of novel treatments for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Shookster
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Hu Huang,
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14
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Strieder-Barboza C, Baker NA, Flesher CG, Karmakar M, Neeley CK, Polsinelli D, Dimick JB, Finks JF, Ghaferi AA, Varban OA, Lumeng CN, O'Rourke RW. Advanced glycation end-products regulate extracellular matrix-adipocyte metabolic crosstalk in diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19748. [PMID: 31875018 PMCID: PMC6930305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates adipocyte cellular metabolism and is altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but mechanisms underlying ECM-adipocyte metabolic crosstalk are poorly defined. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation is increased in diabetes. AGE alter tissue function via direct effects on ECM and by binding scavenger receptors on multiple cell types and signaling through Rho GTPases. Our goal was to determine the role and underlying mechanisms of AGE in regulating human ECM-adipocyte metabolic crosstalk. Visceral adipocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic humans with obesity were studied in 2D and 3D-ECM culture systems. AGE is increased in adipose tissue from diabetic compared to non-diabetic subjects. Glycated collagen 1 and AGE-modified ECM regulate adipocyte glucose uptake and expression of AGE scavenger receptors and Rho signaling mediators, including the DIAPH1 gene, which encodes the human Diaphanous 1 protein (hDia1). Notably, inhibition of hDia1, but not scavenger receptors RAGE or CD36, attenuated AGE-ECM inhibition of adipocyte glucose uptake. These data demonstrate that AGE-modification of ECM contributes to adipocyte insulin resistance in human diabetes, and implicate hDia1 as a potential mediator of AGE-ECM-adipocyte metabolic crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicki A Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carmen G Flesher
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Monita Karmakar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher K Neeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Polsinelli
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin B Dimick
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan F Finks
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amir A Ghaferi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver A Varban
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Med 2019; 25:1894-1904. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Kim HI, Lee JS, Kwak BK, Hwang WM, Kim MJ, Kim YB, Chung SS, Park KS. Metformin Ameliorates Lipotoxic β-Cell Dysfunction through a Concentration-Dependent Dual Mechanism of Action. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:854-866. [PMID: 31339010 PMCID: PMC6943256 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids contributes to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that metformin induces cellular energy depletion and a concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through inhibition of the respiratory chain, previous studies have shown inconsistent results with regard to the action of metformin on pancreatic β-cells. We therefore examined the effects of metformin on pancreatic β-cells under lipotoxic stress. METHODS NIT-1 cells and mouse islets were exposed to palmitate and treated with 0.05 and 0.5 mM metformin. Cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and Rho kinase (ROCK) activities were measured. The phosphorylation of AMPK was evaluated by Western blot analysis and mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and NADPH oxidase (NOX) were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS We found that metformin has protective effects on palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction. Metformin at a concentration of 0.05 mM inhibits NOX and suppresses the palmitate-induced elevation of ER stress markers and ROS levels in a AMPK-independent manner, whereas 0.5 mM metformin inhibits ROCK activity and activates AMPK. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the action of metformin on β-cell lipotoxicity was implemented by different molecular pathways depending on its concentration. Metformin at a usual therapeutic dose is supposed to alleviate lipotoxic β-cell dysfunction through inhibition of oxidative stress and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kook Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Min Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bum Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Gilleron J, Gerdes JM, Zeigerer A. Metabolic regulation through the endosomal system. Traffic 2019; 20:552-570. [PMID: 31177593 PMCID: PMC6771607 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal system plays an essential role in cell homeostasis by controlling cellular signaling, nutrient sensing, cell polarity and cell migration. However, its place in the regulation of tissue, organ and whole body physiology is less well understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for the endosomal system in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, with implications for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. By taking insights from in vitro studies of endocytosis and exploring their effects on metabolism, we can begin to connect the fields of endosomal transport and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we explore current understanding of how the endosomal system influences the systemic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and humans. We highlight exciting new insights that help translate findings from single cells to a wider physiological level and open up new directions for endosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M)NiceFrance
| | - Jantje M. Gerdes
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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18
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Møller LLV, Klip A, Sylow L. Rho GTPases-Emerging Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health. Cells 2019; 8:E434. [PMID: 31075957 PMCID: PMC6562660 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are key regulators in a number of cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle traffic. Traditionally, Rho GTPases are studied because of their function in cell migration and cancer, while their roles in metabolism are less documented. However, emerging evidence implicates Rho GTPases as regulators of processes of crucial importance for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the time is now ripe for reviewing Rho GTPases in the context of metabolic health. Rho GTPase-mediated key processes include the release of insulin from pancreatic β cells, glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and muscle mass regulation. Through the current review, we cast light on the important roles of Rho GTPases in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the pancreas and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which Rho GTPases act to regulate glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also describe challenges and goals for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Liliendal Valbjørn Møller
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
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Lai SS, Fu X, Cheng Q, Yu ZH, Jiang EZ, Zhao DD, Yu DC, Qiu YD, Gao X, Ju HX, Wang W, Jiang Q, Zhu MS, Li CJ, Xue B. HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS alleviated CCl 4-induced chronic liver fibrosis through mediating RhoA/Rock pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2382-2392. [PMID: 31105844 PMCID: PMC6511779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis and reversal of liver fibrosis. Targeting HSCs is of great significance in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and has attracted wide attention of scholars. Here we demonstrated that expression of geranylgeranyldiphosphate synthase (GGPPS) predominantly increased in HSCs in murine fibrotic liver. HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS using vitamin A-coupled liposome carrying siRNA-ggpps decreased activation of HSCs and alleviated fiber accumulation in vivo. Furthermore, our in vitro studies showed that GGPPS was up-regulated during HSCs activation in TGF-β1-dependent manner. Inhibition of GGPPS suppressed TGF-β1 induced F-actin reorganization and HSCs activation in LX-2 cells. Further, we found that GGPPS regulated HSCs activation and liver fibrosis possibly by enhancing RhoA/Rock kinase signaling. So its concluded that GGPPS promotes liver fibrosis by activating HSCs, which may represent a potential target for anti-fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Zi-Han Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - En-Ze Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- Research Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, China
| | - De-Cai Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Dong Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Huang-Xian Ju
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009, China
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20
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Zhao J, Cai CK, Xie M, Liu JN, Wang BZ. Investigation of the therapy targets of Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Hua-Tan-Qu-Yu recipe on type 2 diabetes by serum proteome labeled with iTRAQ. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:1-14. [PMID: 29654829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Based on basic theories of Chinese medicine, Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Hua-Tan-Qu-Yu (YQYYHTQY) recipe was constituted by eleven kinds of Chinese herbs and effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). But the therapy target was unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used the serum proteome labeled by iTRAQ to find therapy target of YQYYHTQY recipe on T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg). Drugs were administered to rats once daily for 14 days. Related laboratory parameters were observed. Serum proteome were compared between T2DM and YQYYHTQY group using the iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomics technique. Functional differential proteins were analysis by STRING software. Target proteins were confirmed by ELISA kits. RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, decrease of glucose transporter, depilation, less activity, flock together, depression, ecchymosis of tongue and tail appearance, the typical diabetic patients "a little more than three" symptoms, as well as the decrease of grip strength, serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ratio, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the increase of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), thromboxane B2 (TXB2)/ 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto PGF1α) ratio, endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were found in T2DM group. After drugs treatment, all the above indexes almost were improved in different degrees and effect of YQYYHTQY recipe was superior to pioglitazone hydrochloride. In addition, there were 23 differential proteins, 5 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated proteins. Of them, there were 4 proteins related with diabetes, blood and behavior. Cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) were the therapy targets of YQYYHTQY recipe on T2DM. CONCLUSIONS YQYYHTQY recipe showed therapy effect on T2DM. CDC42 and RhoA proteins were the therapy targets of YQYYHTQY recipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Cheng-Ke Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jin-Na Liu
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Shool of Combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China.
| | - Bang-Zhong Wang
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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21
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Liu J, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Zhang J, Shen D, Wu J, Shen N, Fu X, Sun X, Yu D, Chen J, He J, Shi T, Ding Y, Fang L, Xue B, Li C. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) regulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-fibrosis progression by determining hepatic glucose/fatty acid preference under high-fat diet conditions. J Pathol 2018; 246:277-288. [PMID: 29971772 DOI: 10.1002/path.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with obesity have a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and, in parallel, increased susceptibility to fibrosis/cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we report that a high-fat diet (HFD) can augment glycolysis and then accelerate NAFLD-fibrosis progression by downregulating the expression of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), which is a critical enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Long-term HFD overloading decreases GGPPS expression in mice, which shifts the fuel preference from fatty acids towards glucose. Liver-specific Ggpps deficiency drives the Warburg effect by impairing mitochondrial function, and then induces hepatic inflammation, thus exacerbating fibrosis. Ggpps deficiency also enhances the hyperfarnesylation of liver kinase B1, and promotes metabolic reprogramming by regulating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity. Clinical data further imply that GGPPS expression can predict the stage of NAFLD and recurrence of NAFLD-associated HCC. We conclude that the level of GGPPS is a susceptibility factor for NAFLD-fibrosis progression, and requires more stringent surveillance to ensure early prediction and precision of treatment of NAFLD-related HCC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shan Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Di Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ning Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Decai Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yitao Ding
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaojun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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22
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Qi X, Guo Y, Song Y, Yu C, Zhao L, Fang L, Kong D, Zhao J, Gao L. Follicle-stimulating hormone enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis by GRK2-mediated AMPK hyperphosphorylation at Ser485 in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1180-1192. [PMID: 29442133 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is correlated with fasting hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Because excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major cause of fasting hyperglycaemia the present study investigated whether FSH increases hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. METHODS Ovariectomised mice supplemented with oestradiol (E2) to maintain normal levels of serum E2 (OVX+E2 mice) were injected with low or high doses of FSH. We knocked out Crtc2, a crucial factor in gluconeogenesis, and Fshr to discern their involvement in FSH signalling. To evaluate the role of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2), which could affect glucose metabolism and interact directly with non-GPCR components, a specific GRK2 inhibitor was used. The pyruvate tolerance test (PTT), quantification of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, GRK2 and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were examined to evaluate the level of gluconeogenesis in the liver. A nonphosphorylatable mutant of AMPK Ser485 (AMPK S485A) was transfected into HepG2 cells to evaluate the role of AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation. RESULTS FSH increased fasting glucose (OVX+E2+high-dose FSH 8.18 ± 0.60 mmol/l vs OVX+E2 6.23 ± 1.33 mmol/l), the PTT results, and the transcription of Pepck (also known as Pck1; 2.0-fold increase) and G6pase (also known as G6pc; 2.5-fold increase) in OVX+E2 mice. FSH also enhanced the promoter luciferase activities of the two enzymes in HepG2 cells. FSH promoted the membrane translocation of GRK2, which is associated with increased AMPK Ser485 and decreased AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of cyclic AMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2). GRK2 could bind with AMPK and induce Ser485 hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, either the GRK2 inhibitor or AMPK S485A blocked FSH-regulated AMPK Thr172 dephosphorylation and gluconeogenesis. Additionally, the deletion of Crtc2 or Fshr abolished the function of FSH in OVX+E2 mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results indicate that FSH enhances CRTC2-mediated gluconeogenesis dependent on AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation via GRK2 in the liver, suggesting an essential role of FSH in the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehuan Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Centre, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Petit AP, Garcia-Petit C, Bueren-Calabuig JA, Vuillard LM, Ferry G, Boutin JA. A structural study of the complex between neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (Net1) and RhoA reveals a potential anticancer drug hot spot. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9064-9077. [PMID: 29695506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase RhoA is a major player in many different regulatory pathways. RhoA catalyzes GTP hydrolysis, and its catalysis is accelerated when RhoA forms heterodimers with proteins of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) family. Neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (Net1) is a RhoA-interacting GEF implicated in cancer, but the structural features supporting the RhoA/Net1 interaction are unknown. Taking advantage of a simple production and purification process, here we solved the structure of a RhoA/Net1 heterodimer with X-ray crystallography at 2-Å resolution. Using a panel of several techniques, including molecular dynamics simulations, we characterized the RhoA/Net1 interface. Moreover, deploying an extremely simple peptide-based scanning approach, we found that short peptides (penta- to nonapeptides) derived from the protein/protein interaction region of RhoA could disrupt the RhoA/Net1 interaction and thereby diminish the rate of nucleotide exchange. The most inhibitory peptide, EVKHF, spanning residues 102-106 in the RhoA sequence, displayed an IC50 of ∼100 μm without further modifications. The peptides identified here could be useful in further investigations of the RhoA/Net1 interaction region. We propose that our structural and functional insights might inform chemical approaches for transforming the pentapeptide into an optimized pseudopeptide that antagonizes Net1-mediated RhoA activation with therapeutic anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain-Pierre Petit
- From the Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery and
| | - Christel Garcia-Petit
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Laurent M Vuillard
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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Sattar H, Li H, Han Y, Zhou H, Darbalaei S, Li W. Association Between First Episode Schizophrenia, Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance-Related Proteins in Female Balb/C Mice. Galen Med J 2018; 7:e692. [PMID: 34466413 PMCID: PMC8343899 DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v0i0.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a group of different disorders mainly includes, insulin resistance, obesity, cerebrovascular disorders, dyslipidemia, which leads to increase mortality. Patients suffering from related psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are at the higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the first episode of schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance-related proteins in blood and adipose tissue of mice. Materials and Methods Twelve, female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into two groups; one group was injected intraperitoneal MK-801(0.6mg/kg/d) to induce schizophrenia, and other group received the 0.9% normal saline for two weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), were observed. Blood and adipose tissue were collected and Western blotting was done to evaluate the insulin resistance related proteins (GGPPS, FAT, PTP-1B, GRK2, ATGL, FGF21, and PGC-1α) by using GAPDH as an internal standard. Results There was a significant increase in mean body weight in schizophrenic group (21.76 vs 22.81, P=004). On day 14, the FBG, insulin concentrations and Homeostatic model assessment and insulin resistance (HOME-IR) were high in schizhphrenic group vs control group, e.g. 5.3±0.6 vs 3.47±0.2 (P=0.0001), 28.9±2.2 vs 23.3±0.6 (P<0.005) and 9.2±1.3 vs 3.9±0.2 (P=0.0001) . Impaired glucose tolerance deranged from 4.8mmol/L to 6.4mmol/L. Western blotting showed a marked increase in the expression of GGPPS, FAT, ATGL, and FGF21 proteins in monocytes and PTP-1B, GRK2, and PGC-1α ratios in adipose tissues. Conclusion There was a positive relation between schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome e.g. insulin resistance and obesity. Certain proteins in adipocytes and blood were responsible for causing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Sattar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huqun Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Tang Q, Jiang S, Jia W, Shen D, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Xue B, Li C. Zoledronic acid, an FPPS inhibitor, ameliorates liver steatosis through inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:169-177. [PMID: 28843826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no standard therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and statins have been developed as a first-line pharmaceutical therapeutic option for NAFLD-associated dyslipidemia. However, prolonged statins therapy has side effects, as statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme at the very beginning of the mevalonate pathway. Here, we found that zoledronic acid (ZA), an inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the downstream mevalonate pathway, could attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and improve liver injury in both high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J mice and ob/ob mice. Moreover, the hepatic lipid metabolism was largely inhibited after ZA administration in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Mechanically, ZA inhibited SREBP-1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis through suppressing RhoA activation via decreasing farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate levels. In conclusion, our data provide a novel application of ZA in improving hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Tang
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Tang S, Wu W, Tang W, Ge Z, Wang H, Hong T, Zhu D, Bi Y. Suppression of Rho-kinase 1 is responsible for insulin regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway in skeletal muscle cells exposed to palmitate. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:635-644. [PMID: 28265821 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Clinical and experimental data suggest that early insulin therapy could reduce lipotoxicity in subjects and animal models with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), which is negatively regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), plays a critical role in lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Here, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of insulin intervention on the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway in skeletal muscle cells with chronic exposure to palmitic acid (PA). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and were then treated with insulin, AMPK inhibitor, or metformin. L6 myotubes incubated with palmitic acid (PA) were treated with insulin or metformin. Dominant-negative AMPKα2 (DN-AMPKα2) lentivirus, AMPKα2 siRNA, or Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) siRNA were transfected into PA-treated L6 myotubes. RESULTS We found that the ability of PA to stimulate SREBP-1c and inhibit AMPK was reversed by insulin in L6 cells. Moreover, DN-AMPKα2 lentivirus and AMPKα2 siRNA were transfected into PA-treated L6 myotubes, and the decrease in SREBP-1c expression caused by insulin was blocked by AMPK inhibition independent of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. The serine/threonine kinase Rho-kinase (ROCK) 1, a downstream effector of the small G protein RhoA, was activated by PA. Interestingly, knockdown of ROCK1 by siRNA blocked the downregulation of AMPK phosphorylation under PA-treated L6 myotubes, which indicated that ROCK1 mediated the effect of insulin action on AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that insulin reduced lipotoxicity via ROCK1 and then improved AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling in skeletal muscle under PA-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyinyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ma Z, Liu H, Wang W, Guan S, Yi J, Chu L. Paeoniflorin suppresses lipid accumulation and alleviates insulin resistance by regulating the Rho kinase/IRS-1 pathway in palmitate-induced HepG2Cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:361-367. [PMID: 28380411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of paeoniflorin (PF) on palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and explored the potential molecular mechanisms in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were pre-treated with 3μM, 30μM, or 100μM PF for 1h followed by immediate stimulation with 0.25mM palmitate for 24h to induce hepatic steatosis. PF treatment could decrease PA-induced intracellular lipid deposition via inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis. PF treatment also restored insulin sensitivity by suppressing the activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) and the expression of serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, thereby promoting Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation. These results suggest that PF alleviates PA-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the effect of PF may be associated with its role in inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis and in regulating the ROCK/IRS/Akt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ma
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China; Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Hebei General Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Department of Surgery, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China.
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutics, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
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28
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GGPP-Mediated Protein Geranylgeranylation in Oocyte Is Essential for the Establishment of Oocyte-Granulosa Cell Communication and Primary-Secondary Follicle Transition in Mouse Ovary. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006535. [PMID: 28072828 PMCID: PMC5224981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is a progressive and highly regulated process, which is essential to provide ova for later reproductive life, requires the bidirectional communication between the oocyte and granulosa cells. This physical connection-mediated communication conveys not only the signals from the oocyte to granulosa cells that regulate their proliferation but also metabolites from the granulosa cells to the oocyte for biosynthesis. However, the underlying mechanism of establishing this communication is largely unknown. Here, we report that oocyte geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), a metabolic intermediate involved in protein geranylgeranylation, is required to establish the oocyte-granulosa cell communication. GGPP and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (Ggpps) levels in oocytes increased during early follicular development. The selective depletion of GGPP in mouse oocytes impaired the proliferation of granulosa cells, primary-secondary follicle transition and female fertility. Mechanistically, GGPP depletion inhibited Rho GTPase geranylgeranylation and its GTPase activity, which was responsible for the accumulation of cell junction proteins in the oocyte cytoplasm and the failure to maintain physical connection between oocyte and granulosa cells. GGPP ablation also blocked Rab27a geranylgeranylation, which might account for the impaired secretion of oocyte materials such as Gdf9. Moreover, GGPP administration restored the defects in oocyte-granulosa cell contact, granulosa cell proliferation and primary-secondary follicle transition in Ggpps depletion mice. Our study provides the evidence that GGPP-mediated protein geranylgeranylation contributes to the establishment of oocyte-granulosa cell communication and then regulates the primary-secondary follicle transition, a key phase of folliculogenesis essential for female reproductive function. Folliculogenesis is a progressive and highly regulated process that requires the tight coordination of metabolism and bidirectional communication between the oocyte and granulosa cells. How this communication is established remains unclear. Here, we find that GGPP-mediated protein geranylgeranylation, a post-translational modification, is essential for the oocyte-granulosa cell communication. GGPP depletion in oocytes inhibits Rho GTPase geranylgeranylation-regulated cell adhesion and impairs Rab GTPase geranylgeranylation-directed cell secretion, which are responsible for the failure to maintain oocyte-granulosa cell communication. This communication defect is probably not able to support the proliferation of granulosa cells from one layer to multiple layers and ultimately results in the failure of the primary-secondary follicle transition and female subfertility. Our findings provide the evidence of GGPP-mediated protein geranylgeranylation involving in regulating primary-secondary follicle transition and establish a novel link between folliculogenesis and GGPP-regulated membrane dynamics.
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Yeh YS, Goto T, Takahashi N, Egawa K, Takahashi H, Jheng HF, Kim YI, Kawada T. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate performs as an endogenous regulator of adipocyte function via suppressing the LXR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1317-22. [PMID: 27569282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) influence various biological processes. Here we show that GGPP inhibits adipocyte differentiation via the liver X receptors (LXRs) pathway. Intracellular GGPP levels and GGPP synthase (Ggps) mRNA expression increases during adipocyte differentiation. Ggps expression also increases in white adipose tissue of obese mice. GGPP addition reduces the expression of adipogenic marker genes such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, over-expressing Ggps inhibits adipocyte differentiation. In contrast, Ggps knockdown promotes adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by GGPP was partially reduced by LXR agonist T0901317. Furthermore, Ggps knockdown up-regulates LXR target genes during adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that GGPP may act as an endogenous regulator of adipocyte differentiation and maturation through a mechanism partially dependent on the LXR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kahori Egawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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