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Dietz LT, Põld K, Györffy BA, Zharkovsky A, Sørensen JB, Pankratova S, Dmytriyeva O. A Peptide Motif Covering Splice Site B in Neuroligin-1 Binds to Aβ and Acts as a Neprilysin Inhibitor. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04475-z. [PMID: 39261388 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The most common cause of dementia among elderly people is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The typical symptom of AD is the decline of cognitive abilities, which is caused by loss of synaptic function. Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers play a significant role in the development of this synaptic dysfunction. Neuroligin-(NL)1 is a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule located in excitatory synapses and involved in the maintenance and modulation of synaptic contacts. A recent study has found that Aβ interacts with the soluble N-terminal fragment of NL1. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of NL1 in Aβ-induced neuropathology. Employing surface plasmon resonance and competitive ELISA, we confirmed the high-affinity binding of NL1 to the Aβ peptide. We also identified a sequence motif representing the NL1-binding site for the Aβ peptide and showed that a synthetic peptide modeled after this motif, termed neurolide, binds to the Aβ peptide with high affinity, comparable to the NL1-Aβ interaction. To assess the effect of neurolide in vivo, wild-type and 5XFAD mice were subcutaneously treated with this peptide for 10 weeks. We observed an increase in Aβ plaque formation in the cortex of neurolide-treated 5XFAD mice. Furthermore, we showed that neurolide reduces the activity of neprilysin, the predominant Aβ-degrading enzyme in the brain. Accordingly, we suggest that neurolide is the NL1-binding site for Aβ peptide, and acts as an inhibitor of neprilysin activity. Based on these data, we confirm the involvement of NL1 in the development of AD and suggest a mechanism for NL1-induced Aβ plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene T Dietz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrin Põld
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Balázs A Györffy
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob B Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Feng J, Song H, Province M, Li G, Payne PRO, Chen Y, Li F. PathFinder: a novel graph transformer model to infer multi-cell intra- and inter-cellular signaling pathways and communications. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1369242. [PMID: 38846640 PMCID: PMC11155453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1369242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, large-scale scRNA-seq datasets have been generated to understand the complex signaling mechanisms within the microenvironment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which are critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets and precision medicine. However, the background signaling networks are highly complex and interactive. It remains challenging to infer the core intra- and inter-multi-cell signaling communication networks using scRNA-seq data. In this study, we introduced a novel graph transformer model, PathFinder, to infer multi-cell intra- and inter-cellular signaling pathways and communications among multi-cell types. Compared with existing models, the novel and unique design of PathFinder is based on the divide-and-conquer strategy. This model divides complex signaling networks into signaling paths, which are then scored and ranked using a novel graph transformer architecture to infer intra- and inter-cell signaling communications. We evaluated the performance of PathFinder using two scRNA-seq data cohorts. The first cohort is an APOE4 genotype-specific AD, and the second is a human cirrhosis cohort. The evaluation confirms the promising potential of using PathFinder as a general signaling network inference model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Feng
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Haoran Song
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Philip R. O. Payne
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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3
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Meng X, Song Q, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu J. Neurotoxic β-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction-the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1400544. [PMID: 38808033 PMCID: PMC11130508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the incidence of elderly patients with dementia, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), will continue to increase. Previous studies have suggested that β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition is a key factor leading to AD. However, the clinical efficacy of treating AD with anti-Aβ protein antibodies is not satisfactory, suggesting that Aβ amyloidosis may be a pathological change rather than a key factor leading to AD. Identification of the causes of AD and development of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies is an important goal of current research. Following the discovery of soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ (AβO) in 1998, scientists began to focus on the neurotoxicity of AβOs. As an endogenous neurotoxin, the active growth of AβOs can lead to neuronal death, which is believed to occur before plaque formation, suggesting that AβOs are the key factors leading to AD. PANoptosis, a newly proposed concept of cell death that includes known modes of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is a form of cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex. Neuronal survival depends on proper mitochondrial function. Under conditions of AβO interference, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, releasing lethal contents as potential upstream effectors of the PANoptosome. Considering the critical role of neurons in cognitive function and the development of AD as well as the regulatory role of mitochondrial function in neuronal survival, investigation of the potential mechanisms leading to neuronal PANoptosis is crucial. This review describes the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial function by AβOs and elucidates how AβOs may activate neuronal PANoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of AD, providing guidance for the development of targeted neuronal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Emanuele E, Mercuri NB, Gabelle A, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Maisto N, Imbimbo C, Caraci F, Imbimbo BP, Zetterberg H, Nisticò R. Monitoring synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease through fluid and PET imaging biomarkers: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:847-857. [PMID: 38228892 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently constrained by limited clinical treatment options. The initial pathophysiological event, which can be traced back to decades before the clinical symptoms become apparent, involves the excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a peptide comprised of 40-42 amino acids, in extraneuronal plaques within the brain. Biochemical and histological studies have shown that overaccumulation of Aβ instigates an aberrant escalation in the phosphorylation and secretion of tau, a microtubule-binding axonal protein. The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau into intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles is in turn correlated with microglial dysfunction and reactive astrocytosis, culminating in synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. As neurodegeneration progresses, it gives rise to mild clinical symptoms of AD, which may eventually evolve into overt dementia. Synaptic loss in AD may develop even before tau alteration and in response to possible elevations in soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ associated with early AD. These findings largely rely on post-mortem autopsy examinations, which typically involve a limited number of patients. Over the past decade, a range of fluid biomarkers such as neurogranin, α-synuclein, visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), neuronal pentraxin 2, and β-synuclein, along with positron emission tomography (PET) markers like synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, have been developed. These advancements have facilitated the exploration of how synaptic markers in AD patients correlate with cognitive impairment. However, fluid biomarkers indicating synaptic loss have only been validated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), not in plasma, with the exception of VILIP-1. The most promising PET radiotracer, [11C]UCB-J, currently faces significant challenges hindering its widespread clinical use, primarily due to the necessity of a cyclotron. As such, additional research geared toward the exploration of synaptic pathology biomarkers is crucial. This will not only enable their extensive clinical application, but also refine the optimization process of AD pharmacological trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- CMRR, Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nunzia Maisto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53726, WI, USA
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Feng J, Province M, Li G, Payne PR, Chen Y, Li F. PathFinder: a novel graph transformer model to infer multi-cell intra- and inter-cellular signaling pathways and communications. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.13.575534. [PMID: 38293243 PMCID: PMC10827077 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.13.575534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recently, large-scale scRNA-seq datasets have been generated to understand the complex and poorly understood signaling mechanisms within microenvironment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which are critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets and precision medicine. Though a set of targets have been identified, however, it remains a challenging to infer the core intra- and inter-multi-cell signaling communication networks using the scRNA-seq data, considering the complex and highly interactive background signaling network. Herein, we introduced a novel graph transformer model, PathFinder, to infer multi-cell intra- and inter-cellular signaling pathways and signaling communications among multi-cell types. Compared with existing models, the novel and unique design of PathFinder is based on the divide-and-conquer strategy, which divides the complex signaling networks into signaling paths, and then score and rank them using a novel graph transformer architecture to infer the intra- and inter-cell signaling communications. We evaluated PathFinder using scRNA-seq data of APOE4-genotype specific AD mice models and identified novel APOE4 altered intra- and inter-cell interaction networks among neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. PathFinder is a general signaling network inference model and can be applied to other omics data-driven signaling network inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Feng
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Philip R.O. Payne
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Ribeiro FC, Cozachenco D, Heimfarth L, Fortuna JTS, de Freitas GB, de Sousa JM, Alves-Leon SV, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Grinberg LT, De Felice FG, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST. Synaptic proteasome is inhibited in Alzheimer's disease models and associates with memory impairment in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1127. [PMID: 37935829 PMCID: PMC10630330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome plays key roles in synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating protein turnover, quality control, and elimination of oxidized/misfolded proteins. Here, we investigate proteasome function and localization at synapses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) post-mortem brain tissue and in experimental models. We found a marked increase in ubiquitinylated proteins in post-mortem AD hippocampi compared to controls. Using several experimental models, we show that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) inhibit synaptic proteasome activity and trigger a reduction in synaptic proteasome content. We further show proteasome inhibition specifically in hippocampal synaptic fractions derived from APPswePS1ΔE9 mice. Reduced synaptic proteasome activity instigated by AβOs is corrected by treatment with rolipram, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in mice. Results further show that dynein inhibition blocks AβO-induced reduction in dendritic proteasome content in hippocampal neurons. Finally, proteasome inhibition induces AD-like pathological features, including reactive oxygen species and dendritic spine loss in hippocampal neurons, inhibition of hippocampal mRNA translation, and memory impairment in mice. Results suggest that proteasome inhibition may contribute to synaptic and memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana T S Fortuna
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B de Freitas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jorge M de Sousa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Clementino Chagas Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- Division of Neurology, Clementino Chagas Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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7
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Arias-Aragón F, Tristán-Clavijo E, Martínez-Gallego I, Robles-Lanuza E, Coatl-Cuaya H, Martín-Cuevas C, Sánchez-Hidalgo AC, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Martinez-Mir A, Scholl FG. A Neuroligin-1 mutation associated with Alzheimer's disease produces memory and age-dependent impairments in hippocampal plasticity. iScience 2023; 26:106868. [PMID: 37260747 PMCID: PMC10227424 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairments and age-dependent synapse loss. Experimental and clinical studies have shown decreased expression of the glutamatergic protein Neuroligin-1 (Nlgn1) in AD. However, the consequences of a sustained reduction of Nlgn1 are unknown. Here, we generated a knockin mouse that reproduces the NLGN1 Thr271fs mutation, identified in heterozygosis in a familial case of AD. We found that Nlgn1 Thr271fs mutation abolishes Nlgn1 expression in mouse brain. Importantly, heterozygous Nlgn1 Thr271fs mice showed delay-dependent amnesia for recognition memory. Electrophysiological recordings uncovered age-dependent impairments in basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 hippocampal neurons of heterozygous Nlgn1 Thr271fs mice. In contrast, homozygous Nlgn1 Thr271fs mice showed impaired fear-conditioning memory and normal basal synaptic transmission, suggesting unshared mechanisms for a partial or total loss of Nlgn1. These data suggest that decreased Nlgn1 may contribute to the synaptic and memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arias-Aragón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Tristán-Clavijo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Gallego
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía Robles-Lanuza
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Heriberto Coatl-Cuaya
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Celia Martín-Cuevas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana C. Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amalia Martinez-Mir
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco G. Scholl
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
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8
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Medina-Samamé A, Paller É, Bril MR, Archvadze A, Simões-Abade MBC, Estañol-Cayuela P, LeMaoult C. Role of Neurexins in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4194-4196. [PMID: 37286342 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0169-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Éva Paller
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mateo R Bril
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Archvadze
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Chloe LeMaoult
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Lee AK, Yi N, Khaled H, Feller B, Takahashi H. SorCS1 inhibits amyloid-β binding to neurexin and rescues amyloid-β-induced synaptic pathology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201681. [PMID: 36697254 PMCID: PMC9880023 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), toxic peptide aggregates found in Alzheimer's disease, cause synapse pathology. AβOs interact with neurexins (NRXs), key synaptic organizers, and this interaction dampens normal trafficking and function of NRXs. Axonal trafficking of NRX is in part regulated by its interaction with SorCS1, a protein sorting receptor, but the impact of SorCS1 regulation of NRXs in Aβ pathology was previously unstudied. Here, we show competition between the SorCS1 ectodomain and AβOs for β-NRX binding and rescue effects of the SorCS1b isoform on AβO-induced synaptic pathology. Like AβOs, the SorCS1 ectodomain binds to NRX1β through the histidine-rich domain of NRX1β, and the SorCS1 ectodomain and AβOs compete for NRX1β binding. In cultured hippocampal neurons, SorCS1b colocalizes with NRX1β on the axon surface, and axonal expression of SorCS1b rescues AβO-induced impairment of NRX-mediated presynaptic organization and presynaptic vesicle recycling and AβO-induced structural defects in excitatory synapses. Thus, our data suggest a role for SorCS1 in the rescue of AβO-induced NRX dysfunction and synaptic pathology, providing the basis for a novel potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kihoon Lee
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benjamin Feller
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Gharahi H, Garimella HT, Chen ZJ, Gupta RK, Przekwas A. Mathematical model of mechanobiology of acute and repeated synaptic injury and systemic biomarker kinetics. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1007062. [PMID: 36814869 PMCID: PMC9939777 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1007062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature casualty of military operations. Recently, military medics observed neurocognitive deficits in servicemen exposed to repeated low level blast (LLB) waves during military heavy weapons training. In spite of significant clinical and preclinical TBI research, current understanding of injury mechanisms and short- and long-term outcomes is limited. Mathematical models of bTBI biomechanics and mechanobiology of sensitive neuro-structures such as synapses may help in better understanding of injury mechanisms and in the development of improved diagnostics and neuroprotective strategies. Methods and results In this work, we formulated a model of a single synaptic structure integrating the dynamics of the synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) with the deformation mechanics of the synaptic cleft. The model can resolve time scales ranging from milliseconds during the hyperacute phase of mechanical loading to minutes-hours acute/chronic phase of injury progression/repair. The model was used to simulate the synaptic injury responses caused by repeated blast loads. Conclusion Our simulations demonstrated the importance of the number of exposures compared to the duration of recovery period between repeated loads on the synaptic injury responses. The paper recognizes current limitations of the model and identifies potential improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gharahi
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States,Hamidreza Gharahi,
| | - Harsha T. Garimella
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Zhijian J. Chen
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Raj K. Gupta
- Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Andrzej Przekwas
- Biomedical and Data Sciences Division, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Andrzej Przekwas,
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11
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Wang LY, Liu J, Peng YZ, Zhang CP, Zou W, Liu F, Zhan KB, Zhang P. Curcumin-Nicotinate Attenuates Hippocampal Synaptogenesis Dysfunction in Hyperlipidemia Rats by the BDNF/TrkB/CREB Pathway: Involving Idol/LDLR Signaling to Eliminate Aβ Deposition. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221141162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia has been demonstrated to evoke Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies such as Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and synaptogenesis dysfunction in the hippocampus. Curcumin gives protection against anti-amyloid properties and synaptogenesis dysfunction. Curcumin-Nicotinate (CurTn), a new type of curcumin derivative, ameliorates cognitive impairment by rescuing autophagic flux in the CA1 hippocampus of diabetic rats. However, whether Curtn possesses an antagonistic effect on AD-related pathologies in the hippocampus induced by hyperlipidemia remains ill-defined. The present study aims to investigate whether CurTn alleviates synaptogenesis dysfunction by promoting the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling and whether the underlying fundamental mechanism involves the elimination of Aβ deposition due to Idol/low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) signaling in the hippocampus of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia rats. The results demonstrated that CurTn not only improved synaptogenesis dysfunction in the hippocampus of HFD rats, as evidenced by the increases in the expressions of synapse-related proteins postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), synapsin-1, and Glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), but also activated BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling, as evidenced by the elevation of the expressions of BDNF, pTrkB, and CREB. Moreover, CurTn modulated the Idol/LDLR pathway in the hippocampus of HFD rats, as evidenced by the decreased expression of Idol and the increased expression of LDLR. Furthermore, CurTn eliminated the deposition of Aβ, as evidenced by the reduction in the content of Aβ40 and Aβ42. These results reveal that CurTn may attenuate synaptogenesis dysfunction by activating BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling, as the possible result of the modulation of Idol/LDLR signaling to eliminate Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of HFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhu Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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13
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Lourenco MV, de Freitas GB, Raony Í, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Irisin stimulates protective signaling pathways in rat hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:953991. [PMID: 36187295 PMCID: PMC9518673 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.953991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise stimulates neuroprotective pathways, has pro-cognitive actions, and alleviates memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Irisin is an exercise-linked hormone produced by cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscle, brain and other tissues. Irisin was recently shown to mediate the brain benefits of exercise in AD mouse models. Here, we sought to obtain insight into the neuroprotective actions of irisin. We demonstrate that adenoviral-mediated expression of irisin promotes extracellular brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) accumulation in hippocampal cultures. We further show that irisin stimulates transient activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and prevents amyloid-β oligomer-induced oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons. Finally, analysis of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets shows a trend of reduction of hippocampal FNDC5 mRNA with aging and tau pathology in humans. Results indicate that irisin activates protective pathways in hippocampal neurons and further support the notion that stimulation of irisin signaling in the brain may be beneficial in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychael V. Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mychael V. Lourenco,
| | - Guilherme B. de Freitas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sergio T. Ferreira,
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fernanda G. De Felice,
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14
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Pfundstein G, Nikonenko AG, Sytnyk V. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) interact with cell adhesion molecules: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease and normal physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:969547. [PMID: 35959488 PMCID: PMC9360506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.969547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons lead to cognitive impairment and death. Accumulation and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated via amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is considered to play a central role in the disease etiology. APP interacts with cell adhesion molecules, which influence the normal physiological functions of APP, its amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing, and formation of Aβ aggregates. These cell surface glycoproteins also mediate attachment of Aβ to the neuronal cell surface and induce intracellular signaling contributing to Aβ toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the interactions of cell adhesion molecules with APP and Aβ and analyze the evidence of the critical role these proteins play in regulating the processing and physiological function of APP as well as Aβ toxicity. This is a necessary piece of the complex AD puzzle, which we should understand in order to develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Sytnyk,
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15
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Xu P, Huang X, Niu W, Yu D, Zhou M, Wang H. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 upregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 3 expression ameliorates cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:104-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Baicalin attenuates amyloid β oligomers induced memory deficits and mitochondria fragmentation through regulation of PDE-PKA-Drp1 signalling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:851-865. [PMID: 35103832 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Baicalin plays a significant role in rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the effect of baicalin treatment on the modulation of mitochondrial fragmentation has not yet been assessed. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of baicalin on memory and understand its mechanism of action. RESULTS Baicalin treatment significantly reversed the altered learning and memory behaviours in AD mouse model. We found that baicalin treatment significantly improved the levels of microtubule association protein-2 and enhanced the expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). Moreover, treatment with baicalin reversed amyloid-β oligomer (AβO)-induced abnormalities in the succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulphur subunit B (SDHB) and cytochrome c oxidase components I (COXI) and mitochondrial fragmentation in the hippocampus. Further, we found that baicalin decreased the PDE4 levels and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Ser157 site of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (pVASPs157) and phosphorylated Ser637 site of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (pDrp1S637). Moreover, in AβO-treated HT-22 cells, H89 inhibited the effect of baicalin on PSD95, mitochondrial fragmentation, SDHB and COXI, PDE4, pVASPs157, and pDrp1S637. CONCLUSION The effect of baicalin on memory improvement may be due to improved synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial fragmentation, and rescue of dysfunction via the inhibition of PDE4, which leads to activation of pDrp1S637 in the AβO-induced model.
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17
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Camporesi E, Nilsson J, Vrillon A, Cognat E, Hourregue C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Becker B, Brinkmalm A, Paquet C, Brinkmalm G. Quantification of the trans-synaptic partners neurexin-neuroligin in CSF of neurodegenerative diseases by parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103793. [PMID: 34990894 PMCID: PMC8743209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic proteins are increasingly studied as biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction and loss, which are early and central events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and strongly correlate with the degree of cognitive decline. In this study, we specifically investigated the synaptic binding partners neurexin (NRXN) and neuroligin (Nlgn) proteins, to assess their biomarker's potential. METHODS we developed a parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of NRXNs and Nlgns in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on AD. Specifically, NRXN-1α, NRXN-1β, NRXN-2α, NRXN-3α and Nlgn1, Nlgn2, Nlgn3 and Nlgn4 proteins were targeted. FINDINGS The proteins were investigated in a clinical cohort including CSF from controls (n=22), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n=44), MCI due to other conditions (n=46), AD (n=77) and a group of non-AD dementia (n=28). No difference in levels of NRXNs and Nlgns was found between AD (both at dementia and MCI stages) or controls or the non-AD dementia group for any of the targeted proteins. NRXN and Nlgn proteins correlated strongly with each other, but only a weak correlation with the AD core biomarkers and the synaptic biomarkers neurogranin and growth-associated protein 43, was found, possibly reflecting different pathogenic processing at the synapse. INTERPRETATION we conclude that NRXN and Nlgn proteins do not represent suitable biomarkers for synaptic pathology in AD. The panel developed here could aid in future investigations of the potential involvement of NRXNs and Nlgns in synaptic dysfunction in other disorders of the central nervous system. FUNDING a full list of funding can be found under the acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camporesi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bruno Becker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Montalbano M, Jaworski E, Garcia S, Ellsworth A, McAllen S, Routh A, Kayed R. Tau Modulates mRNA Transcription, Alternative Polyadenylation Profiles of hnRNPs, Chromatin Remodeling and Spliceosome Complexes. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:742790. [PMID: 34924950 PMCID: PMC8678415 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.742790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a known contributor in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is well-established that tau forms pathological aggregates and fibrils in these diseases. Tau has been observed within the nuclei of neurons, but there is a gap in understanding regarding the mechanism by which tau modulates transcription. We are interested in the P301L mutation of tau, which has been associated with FTD and increased tau aggregation. Our study utilized tau-inducible HEK (iHEK) cells to reveal that WT and P301L tau distinctively alter the transcription and alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiles of numerous nuclear precursors mRNAs, which then translate to form proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and splicing. We isolated total mRNA before and after over-expressing tau and then performed Poly(A)-ClickSeq (PAC-Seq) to characterize mRNA expression and APA profiles. We characterized changes in Gene Ontology (GO) pathways using EnrichR and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We observed that P301L tau up-regulates genes associated with reactive oxygen species responsiveness as well as genes involved in dendrite, microtubule, and nuclear body/speckle formation. The number of genes regulated by WT tau is greater than the mutant form, which indicates that the P301L mutation causes loss-of-function at the transcriptional level. WT tau up-regulates genes contributing to cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport, microglial activation, microtubule and nuclear chromatin organization, formation of nuclear bodies and speckles. Interestingly, both WT and P301L tau commonly down-regulate genes responsible for ubiquitin-proteosome system. In addition, WT tau significantly down-regulates several genes implicated in chromatin remodeling and nucleosome organization. Although there are limitations inherent to the model systems used, this study will improve understanding regarding the nuclear impact of tau at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. This study also illustrates the potential impact of P301L tau on the human brain genome during early phases of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie Garcia
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Ellsworth
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Salome McAllen
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Routh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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19
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Pedrero-Prieto CM, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Alcaín FJ, Durán-Prado M, Peinado JR, Rabanal-Ruiz Y. Biological Significance of the Protein Changes Occurring in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Getting Clues from Proteomic Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34573996 PMCID: PMC8467255 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deeply irrigates the brain together with the relative simplicity of sample extraction from patients make this biological fluid the best target for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases. During the last decade, biomarker discovery has been especially fruitful for the identification new proteins that appear in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients together with amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Thus, several proteins have been already stablished as important biomarkers, due to an increase (i.e., CHI3L1) or a decrease (i.e., VGF) in AD patients' CSF. Notwithstanding this, only a deep analysis of a database generated with all the changes observed in CSF across multiple proteomic studies, and especially those using state-of-the-art methodologies, may expose those components or metabolic pathways disrupted at different levels in AD. Deep comparative analysis of all the up- and down-regulated proteins across these studies revealed that 66% of the most consistent protein changes in CSF correspond to intracellular proteins. Interestingly, processes such as those associated to glucose metabolism or RXR signaling appeared inversely represented in CSF from AD patients in a significant manner. Herein, we discuss whether certain cellular processes constitute accurate indicators of AD progression by examining CSF. Furthermore, we uncover new CSF AD markers, such as ITAM, PTPRZ or CXL16, identified by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Juan R. Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
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20
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Więckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wydrych M, Wojda U. Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101397. [PMID: 34214643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.
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21
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Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Van Cauwenberghe C, Brkic M, Pauwels M, Plehiers N, Bruggeman A, Dujardin P, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Hendrix A, Baeke F, De Rycke R, Gevaert K, Vandenbroucke RE. Importance of extracellular vesicle secretion at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid interface in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:143. [PMID: 34425919 PMCID: PMC8381545 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported that the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, formed by the choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, releases an increased amount of EVs into the CSF in response to peripheral inflammation. Here, we studied the importance of CP-mediated EV release in AD pathogenesis. We observed increased EV levels in the CSF of young transgenic APP/PS1 mice which correlated with high amyloid beta (Aβ) CSF levels at this age. The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Aβ oligomers (AβO) in wild-type mice revealed a significant increase of EVs in the CSF, signifying that the presence of CSF-AβO is sufficient to induce increased EV secretion. Using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo approaches, we identified the CP as a major source of the CSF-EVs. Interestingly, AβO-induced, CP-derived EVs induced pro-inflammatory effects in mixed cortical cultures. Proteome analysis of these EVs revealed the presence of several pro-inflammatory proteins, including the complement protein C3. Strikingly, inhibition of EV production using GW4869 resulted in protection against acute AβO-induced cognitive decline. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of this EV secretion might open up novel therapeutic strategies to impact the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Marie Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Plehiers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Femke Baeke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Santos LE, Beckman D, Melo HM, Sudo FK, Drummond C, Assunção N, Vanderborght B, Tovar-Moll F, De Felice FG, Mattos P, Ferreira ST. Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurotransmitters, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1067-1074. [PMID: 34151795 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) are complex neurodegenerative disorders that have been associated with brain inflammation and impaired neurotransmission. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine concentrations of multiple cytokines, chemokines, and neurotransmitters previously associated with brain inflammation and synapse function in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD and LBD patients. METHODS We examined a panel of 50 analytes comprising neurotransmitters, cytokines, chemokines, and hormones in CSF in a cohort of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, LBD, or non-demented controls (NDC). RESULTS Among neurotransmitters, noradrenaline (NA) was increased in AD CSF, while homovanillic acid (HVA), a dopamine metabolite, was reduced in both AD and LBD CSF relative to NDC. Six cytokines/chemokines out of 30 investigated were reliably detected in CSF. CSF vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly reduced in LBD patients relative to NDC. CONCLUSIONS CSF alterations in NA, HVA, and VEGF in AD and LBD may reflect pathogenic features of these disorders and provide tools for improved diagnosis. Future studies are warranted to replicate current findings in larger, multicenter cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis E Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Beckman
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen M Melo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe K Sudo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Drummond
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Speech and Hearing Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Naima Assunção
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program in Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program in Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program in Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Jęśko H, Wieczorek I, Wencel PL, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder RP. Age-Related Transcriptional Deregulation of Genes Coding Synaptic Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease Murine Model: Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Fingolimod. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:660104. [PMID: 34305524 PMCID: PMC8299068 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) induces time-dependent changes in sphingolipid metabolism, which may affect transcription regulation and neuronal phenotype. We, therefore, analyzed the influence of age, amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP), and the clinically approved, bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) on the expression of synaptic proteins. RNA was isolated, reverse-transcribed, and subjected to real-time PCR. Expression of mutant (V717I) AβPP led to few changes at 3 months of age but reduced multiple mRNA coding for synaptic proteins in a 12-month-old mouse brain. Complexin 1 (Cplx1), SNAP25 (Snap25), syntaxin 1A (Stx1a), neurexin 1 (Nrxn1), neurofilament light (Nefl), and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) in the hippocampus, and VAMP1 (Vamp1) and neurexin 1 (Nrxn1) in the cortex were all significantly reduced in 12-month-old mice. Post mortem AD samples from the human hippocampus and cortex displayed lower expression of VAMP, synapsin, neurofilament light (NF-L) and synaptophysin. The potentially neuroprotective FTY720 reversed most AβPP-induced changes in gene expression (Cplx1, Stx1a, Snap25, and Nrxn1) in the 12-month-old hippocampus, which is thought to be most sensitive to early neurotoxic insults, but it only restored Vamp1 in the cortex and had no influence in 3-month-old brains. Further study may reveal the potential usefulness of FTY720 in the modulation of deregulated neuronal phenotype in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Leonard Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Robert Piotr Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Sebate B, Cuttler K, Cloete R, Britz M, Christoffels A, Williams M, Carr J, Bardien S. Prioritization of candidate genes for a South African family with Parkinson's disease using in-silico tools. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249324. [PMID: 33770142 PMCID: PMC7997022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder exhibiting Mendelian inheritance in some families. Next-generation sequencing approaches, including whole exome sequencing (WES), have revolutionized the field of Mendelian disorders and have identified a number of PD genes. We recruited a South African family with autosomal dominant PD and used WES to identify a possible pathogenic mutation. After filtration and prioritization, we found five potential causative variants in CFAP65, RTF1, NRXN2, TEP1 and CCNF. The variant in NRXN2 was selected for further analysis based on consistent prediction of deleteriousness across computational tools, not being present in unaffected family members, ethnic-matched controls or public databases, and its expression in the substantia nigra. A protein model for NRNX2 was created which provided a three-dimensional (3D) structure that satisfied qualitative mean and global model quality assessment scores. Trajectory analysis showed destabilizing effects of the variant on protein structure, indicated by high flexibility of the LNS-6 domain adopting an extended conformation. We also found that the known substrate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) contributed to restoration of the structural stability of mutant NRXN2. If NRXN2 is indeed found to be the causal gene, this could reveal a new mechanism for the pathobiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boiketlo Sebate
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katelyn Cuttler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ruben Cloete
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcell Britz
- Greenacres Medical Centre, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alan Christoffels
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Williams
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Batista AF, Rody T, Forny-Germano L, Cerdeiro S, Bellio M, Ferreira ST, Munoz DP, De Felice FG. Interleukin-1β mediates alterations in mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins and memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 33612100 PMCID: PMC7897381 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reflects an incomplete understanding of disease mechanisms. Alterations in proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, an essential process for mitochondrial integrity and function, have been reported in AD brains. Impaired mitochondrial dynamics causes mitochondrial dysfunction and has been associated with cognitive impairment in AD. Here, we investigated a possible link between pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1), mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in AD models. Methods We exposed primary hippocampal cell cultures to amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and carried out AβO infusions into the lateral cerebral ventricle of cynomolgus macaques to assess the impact of AβOs on proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Where indicated, primary cultures were pre-treated with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1), or with anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cognitive impairment was investigated in C57BL/6 mice that received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of AβOs in the presence or absence of mdivi-1. To assess the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in AβO-induced alterations in mitochondrial proteins and memory impairment, interleukin receptor-1 knockout (Il1r1−/−) mice received an i.c.v. infusion of AβOs. Results We report that anakinra prevented AβO-induced alteration in mitochondrial dynamics proteins in primary hippocampal cultures. Altered levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission were observed in the brains of cynomolgus macaques that received i.c.v. infusions of AβOs. The mitochondrial fission inhibitor, mdivi-1, alleviated synapse loss and cognitive impairment induced by AβOs in mice. In addition, AβOs failed to cause alterations in expression of mitochondrial dynamics proteins or memory impairment in Il1r1−/− mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that IL-1β mediates the impact of AβOs on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and that strategies aimed to prevent pathological alterations in those proteins may counteract synapse loss and cognitive impairment in AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02099-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Batista
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Tayná Rody
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Leticia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Suzana Cerdeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, room H2-019, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil. .,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada.
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26
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Camporesi E, Lashley T, Gobom J, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Becker B. Neuroligin-1 in brain and CSF of neurodegenerative disorders: investigation for synaptic biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33522967 PMCID: PMC7852195 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic pathology is a central event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions, and investigation of synaptic proteins can provide valuable tools to follow synaptic dysfunction and loss in these diseases. Neuroligin-1 (Nlgn1) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein, important for synapse stabilization and formation. Nlgn1 has been connected to cognitive disorders, and specifically to AD, as target of the synaptotoxic effect of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and Aβ fibrils. To address changes in Nlgn1 expression in human brain, brain regions in different neurological disorders were examined by Western blot and mass spectrometry. Brain specimens from AD (n = 23), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 11), corticobasal degeneration (CBD, n = 10), and Pick’s disease (PiD, n = 9) were included. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of AD patients (n = 43) and non-demented controls (n = 42) were analysed. We found decreased levels of Nlgn1 in temporal and parietal cortex (~ 50–60% reductions) in AD brains compared with controls. In frontal grey matter the reduction was not seen for AD patients; however, in the same region, marked reduction was found for PiD (~ 77%), CBD (~ 66%) and to a lesser extent for PSP (~ 43%), which could clearly separate these tauopathies from controls. The Nlgn1 level was reduced in CSF from AD patients compared to controls, but with considerable overlap. The dramatic reduction of Nlgn1 seen in the brain extracts of tauopathies warrants further investigation regarding the potential use of Nlgn1 as a biomarker for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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De Sousa RAL, Rodrigues CM, Mendes BF, Improta-Caria AC, Peixoto MFD, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise protocols in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:85-95. [PMID: 33095371 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several animal studies have showed the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on brain function and health. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, characterized by the presence of aggregated extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, with progressive cognitive decline. Therapeutic approaches such as PE showed to be effective in halting AD progression. Here, we present a systematic review about PE and AD. The search was carried out using the PubMed and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used: Alzheimer; PE; animal model. All found studies adopted aerobic exercise training as the PE protocol (100%). We identified running on treadmill as the most commonly used PE routine (62.5%). The duration of each session, intensity, frequency, and period of training most used were 60 min/day (62.5%), moderate intensity (87.5%), 5 days/week (62.5%), and 4 (37.5%) or 12 (37.5%) weeks, respectively. The AD animal models most used were the Tg APP/PS1ΔE9 (25%), models based on i.c.v. infusion of AβOs (25%) and streptozotocin (25%). All protocols used rodents to their experiments (100%), but mice were the most common (62.5%). Finally, the main results presented in all studies were capable to reduce significantly AD consequences, such as reducing Aβ or pro-inflammatory proteins levels (100%). The lack of resistance training protocols in animal models of AD indicates a huge gap that should be investigated in future studies. We suggest that PE protocols must be adapted according to the specie, lineage and life span of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fudamental Nursing Post Graduation Program, São Paulo State University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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28
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Qu W, Yuan B, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Emerging role of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in synaptic plasticity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12959. [PMID: 33188547 PMCID: PMC7791177 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that GluA1 mediated synaptic plasticity plays a central role in the early development of AD. The complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable GluA1‐related synaptic regulation remain to fully understood. Particularly, understanding the mechanisms that disrupt GluA1 related synaptic plasticity is central to the development of disease‐modifying therapies which are sorely needed as the incidence of AD rises. We surmise that the published evidence establishes deficits in synaptic plasticity as a central factor of AD aetiology. We additionally highlight potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD, and we delve into the roles of GluA1 in learning and memory. Particularly, we review the current understanding of the molecular interactions that confer the actions of this ubiquitous excitatory receptor subunit including post‐translational modification and accessory protein recruitment of the GluA1 subunit. These are proposed to regulate receptor trafficking, recycling, channel conductance and synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lee AK, Khaled H, Chofflet N, Takahashi H. Synaptic Organizers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Classification Based on Amyloid-β Sensitivity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32982693 PMCID: PMC7492772 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic pathology is one of the major hallmarks observed from the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to cognitive and memory impairment characteristic of AD patients. Synaptic connectivity and specificity are regulated by multiple trans-bindings between pre- and post-synaptic organizers, the complex of which exerts synaptogenic activity. Neurexins (NRXs) and Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are the major presynaptic organizers promoting synaptogenesis through their distinct binding to a wide array of postsynaptic organizers. Recent studies have shown that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a major detrimental molecule in AD, interact with NRXs and neuroligin-1, an NRX-binding postsynaptic organizer, to cause synaptic impairment. On the other hand, LAR-RPTPs and their postsynaptic binding partners have no interaction with AβOs, and their synaptogenic activity is maintained even in the presence of AβOs. Here, we review the current evidence regarding the involvement of synaptic organizers in AD, with a focus on Aβ synaptic pathology, to propose a new classification where NRX-based and LAR-RPTP-based synaptic organizing complexes are classified into Aβ-sensitive and Aβ-insensitive synaptic organizers, respectively. We further discuss how their different Aβ sensitivity is involved in Aβ vulnerability and tolerance of synapses for exploring potential therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kihoon Lee
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chofflet
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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30
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Goetzl EJ. Advancing medicine for Alzheimer's disease: A plasma neural exosome platform. FASEB J 2020; 34:13079-13084. [PMID: 32856798 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment of neurally derived extracellular vesicles of several cell-types from plasma for protein quantification longitudinally in living patients with Alzheimer's disease has permitted the development of a tentative temporal framework of initiating events, progression mechanisms, and amplification processes. Interactions of beta-amyloid peptides with an elevated level of their normal prion protein dendritic receptor and of phospho-tau species with their synaptogyrin-3 synaptic vesicle receptor replace excessive production and accumulation of neuropathic proteins as the major initiating events. Synaptic dysfunction and microvascular angiopathy are confirmed as early progression mechanisms of decreased neuronal network connectivity, hypoxia, altered blood-brain barrier, and neurocellular degeneration. Neurally derived extracellular vesicle protein abnormalities also reveal a range of later amplification processes that encompasses insulin resistance, lysosomal defects, decreased survival factors, increased reactive oxygen species, and excessive neuroinflammation. New potential therapeutic targets also are suggested as well as the likely timing of their pathogenic engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Goetzl
- Department of Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Geriatric Research Center, Campus for Jewish Living, San Francisco, CA, USA
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31
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Camporesi E, Nilsson J, Brinkmalm A, Becker B, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid Biomarkers for Synaptic Dysfunction and Loss. Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920950319. [PMID: 32913390 PMCID: PMC7444114 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920950319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the site for brain communication where information is transmitted between neurons and stored for memory formation. Synaptic degeneration is a global and early pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders with reduced levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins being recognized as a core feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Together with AD, other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders show altered synaptic homeostasis as an important pathogenic event, and due to that, they are commonly referred to as synaptopathies. The exact mechanisms of synapse dysfunction in the different diseases are not well understood and their study would help understanding the pathogenic role of synaptic degeneration, as well as differences and commonalities among them and highlight candidate synaptic biomarkers for specific disorders. The assessment of synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can reflect synaptic dysfunction in patients with cognitive disorders, is a keen area of interest. Substantial research efforts are now directed toward the investigation of CSF synaptic pathology to improve the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders at an early stage as well as to monitor clinical progression. In this review, we will first summarize the pathological events that lead to synapse loss and then discuss the available data on established (eg, neurogranin, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin-1, GAP-43, and α-syn) and emerging (eg, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A and neuronal pentraxins) CSF biomarkers for synapse dysfunction, while highlighting possible utilities, disease specificity, and technical challenges for their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruno Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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32
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The aroylhydrazone INHHQ prevents memory impairment induced by Alzheimer's-linked amyloid-β oligomers in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:738-747. [PMID: 32773452 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease is induced by brain accumulation of soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs). Physiological metals are poorly distributed and concentrated in the senile plaques typical of Alzheimer's disease, where they may be coordinated to the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Indeed, zinc and copper increase Aβ oligomerization and toxicity. Metal-protein attenuating compounds represent a class of agents proposed for Alzheimer's disease treatment, as they reduce abnormal interactions of metal ions with Aβ, inhibit Aβ oligomerization and prevent deleterious redox reactions in the brain. The present work investigates the protective action of an isoniazid-derived aroylhydrazone, INHHQ, on AβO-induced memory impairment. Systemic administration of a single dose of INHHQ (1 mg/kg) prevented both short-term and long-term memory impairment caused by AβOs in mice. In-vitro studies showed that INHHQ prevents Cu(Aβ)-catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species. Although the mechanism of protection by INHHQ is not yet fully understood at a molecular level, the results reported herein certainly point to the value of aroylhydrazones as promising neuroprotective agents in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
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De Sousa RAL, Harmer AR, Freitas DA, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR, Leite HR. An update on potential links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6347-6356. [PMID: 32740795 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) major feature is insulin resistance. Brain and peripheral insulin resistance lead to hyperglycemia, which contributes to the development of T2D-linked comorbidities, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Individuals with hyperglycemia in AD present with neuronal loss, formation of plaques and tangles and reduced neurogenesis. Inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of insulin resistance in AD and T2D. We conducted a literature review about the links between AD and T2D. Alterations in glucose metabolism result from changes in the expression of the insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2), and seem to be mediated by several inflammatory pathways being present in both pathologies. Although there are some similarities in the insulin resistance of AD and T2D, brain and peripheral insulin resistance also have their discrete features. Failure to activate IRS-1 is the hallmark of AD, while inhibition of IRS-2 is the main feature in T2D. Inflammation mediates the alterations in glucose metabolism in AD and T2D. Targeting inflammation and insulin receptors may be a successful strategy to prevent and ameliorate T2D and AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alison R Harmer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
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34
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Improta-Caria AC, Nonaka CKV, Cavalcante BRR, De Sousa RAL, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4977. [PMID: 32674523 PMCID: PMC7403962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleys´ Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais 30000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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35
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Branscome H, Paul S, Yin D, El-Hage N, Agbottah ET, Zadeh MA, Liotta LA, Kashanchi F. Use of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a "Holistic" Approach to CNS Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:455. [PMID: 32587858 PMCID: PMC7298153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of many diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). High levels of neuroinflammation are often associated with irreparable damage to CNS cells due to the dysregulation of signaling cascades that are unable to restore a homeostatic balance. Due to the inherent complexity of the CNS, development of CNS-related therapeutics has met limited success. While stem cell therapy has been evaluated in the context of CNS repair, the mechanisms responsible for their functional properties have not been clearly defined. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the treatment of various CNS pathologies as these vesicles are believed to mediate many of the functional effects associated with their donor stem cells. The potency of stem cell EVs is believed to be largely driven by their biological cargo which includes various types of RNAs, proteins, and cytokines. In this review, we describe the characteristic properties of stem cell EVs and summarize their reported neuroprotective and immunomodulatory functions. A special emphasis is placed on the identification of specific biological cargo, including proteins and non-coding RNA molecules, that have been found to be associated with stem cell EVs. Collectively, this review highlights the potential of stem cell EVs as an alternative to traditional stem cell therapy for the repair of cellular damage associated with diverse CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Siddhartha Paul
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Cell Systems, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Dezhong Yin
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Cell Systems, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Emmanuel T. Agbottah
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Asad Zadeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
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36
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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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37
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Dufort-Gervais J, Provost C, Charbonneau L, Norris CM, Calon F, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Neuroligin-1 is altered in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models, and modulates the toxicity of amyloid-beta oligomers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6956. [PMID: 32332783 PMCID: PMC7181681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss occurs early and correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptotoxicity is driven, at least in part, by amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo), but the exact synaptic components targeted by Aβo remain to be identified. We here tested the hypotheses that the post-synaptic protein Neuroligin-1 (NLGN1) is affected early in the process of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and specifically by Aβo, and that it can modulate Aβo toxicity. We found that hippocampal NLGN1 was decreased in patients with AD in comparison to patients with mild cognitive impairment and control subjects. Female 3xTg-AD mice also showed a decreased NLGN1 level in the hippocampus at an early age (i.e., 4 months). We observed that chronic hippocampal Aβo injections initially increased the expression of one specific Nlgn1 transcript, which was followed by a clear decrease. Lastly, the absence of NLGN1 decreased neuronal counts in the dentate gyrus, which was not the case in wild-type animals, and worsens impairment in spatial learning following chronic hippocampal Aβo injections. Our findings support that NLGN1 is impacted early during neurodegenerative processes, and that Aβo contributes to this effect. Moreover, our results suggest that the presence of NLGN1 favors the cognitive prognosis during Aβo-driven neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dufort-Gervais
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (Recherche CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Provost
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (Recherche CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Christopher M Norris
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Neuroscience Unit, Research Center - CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (Recherche CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (Recherche CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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38
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Selles MC, Fortuna JTS, Zappa-Villar MF, de Faria YPR, Souza AS, Suemoto CK, Leite REP, Rodriguez RD, Grinberg LT, Reggiani PC, Ferreira ST. Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Protects Hippocampal Neurons from the Toxicity of Aβ Oligomers and Prevents Memory Loss in an Alzheimer Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1473-1483. [PMID: 31760608 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. Although activation of brain insulin signaling has been shown to be neuroprotective, to preserve memory in AD models, and appears beneficial in patients, the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) remains incompletely understood. We found reduced active/inactive IGF1 ratio and increased IGF1R expression in postmortem hippocampal tissue from AD patients, suggesting impaired brain IGF1 signaling in AD. Active/inactive IGF-1 ratio was also reduced in the brains of mouse models of AD. We next investigated the possible protective role of IGF1 in AD models. We used a recombinant adenoviral vector, RAd-IGF1, to drive the expression of IGF1 in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures prior to exposure to AβOs, toxins that accumulate in AD brains and have been implicated in early synapse dysfunction and memory impairment. Cultures transduced with RAd-IGF1 showed decreased binding of AβOs to neurons and were protected against AβO-induced neuronal oxidative stress and loss of dendritic spines. Significantly, in vivo transduction with RAd-IGF1 blocked memory impairment caused by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of AβOs in mice. Our results demonstrate altered active IGF1 and IGF1R levels in AD hippocampi, and suggest that boosting brain expression of IGF1 may comprise an approach to prevent neuronal damage and memory loss in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Selles
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana T S Fortuna
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria F Zappa-Villar
- Institute of Biochemical Research (INIBIOLP) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) - School of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yasmin P R de Faria
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Souza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Discipline of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Discipline of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta D Rodriguez
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paula C Reggiani
- Institute of Biochemical Research (INIBIOLP) - National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) - School of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Room C-31, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.
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Bodart-Santos V, de Carvalho LRP, de Godoy MA, Batista AF, Saraiva LM, Lima LG, Abreu CA, De Felice FG, Galina A, Mendez-Otero R, Ferreira ST. Extracellular vesicles derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress and synapse damage induced by amyloid-β oligomers. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 31747944 PMCID: PMC6864996 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as promising tools for treatment of several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. MSCs release abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a variety of biomolecules, including mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. We hypothesized that EVs derived from human Wharton’s jelly would act as mediators of the communication between hMSCs and neurons and could protect hippocampal neurons from damage induced by Alzheimer’s disease-linked amyloid beta oligomers (AβOs). Methods We isolated and characterized EVs released by human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-EVs). The neuroprotective action of hMSC-EVs was investigated in primary hippocampal cultures exposed to AβOs. Results hMSC-EVs were internalized by hippocampal cells in culture, and this was enhanced in the presence of AβOs in the medium. hMSC-EVs protected hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress and synapse damage induced by AβOs. Neuroprotection by hMSC-EVs was mediated by catalase and was abolished in the presence of the catalase inhibitor, aminotriazole. Conclusions hMSC-EVs protected hippocampal neurons from damage induced by AβOs, and this was related to the transfer of enzymatically active catalase contained in EVs. Results suggest that hMSC-EVs should be further explored as a cell-free therapeutic approach to prevent neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bodart-Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiza R P de Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana A de Godoy
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - André F Batista
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Saraiva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luize G Lima
- National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-240, Brazil
| | - Carla Andreia Abreu
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Antonio Galina
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Forner S, Martini AC, Prieto GA, Dang CT, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Trujillo-Estrada L, da Cunha C, Andrews EJ, Phan J, Vu Ha J, Chang AVZD, Levites Y, Cruz PE, Ager R, Medeiros R, Kitazawa M, Glabe CG, Cotman CW, Golde T, Baglietto-Vargas D, LaFerla FM. Intra- and extracellular β-amyloid overexpression via adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer impairs memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15936. [PMID: 31685865 PMCID: PMC6828807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is currently conceptualized as a disease of synaptic failure. Synaptic impairments are robust within the AD brain and better correlate with dementia severity when compared with other pathological features of the disease. Nevertheless, the series of events that promote synaptic failure still remain under debate, as potential triggers such as β-amyloid (Aβ) can vary in size, configuration and cellular location, challenging data interpretation in causation studies. Here we present data obtained using adeno-associated viral (AAV) constructs that drive the expression of oligomeric Aβ either intra or extracellularly. We observed that expression of Aβ in both cellular compartments affect learning and memory, reduce the number of synapses and the expression of synaptic-related proteins, and disrupt chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP). Together, these findings indicate that during the progression AD the early accumulation of Aβ inside neurons is sufficient to promote morphological and functional cellular toxicity, a phenomenon that can be exacerbated by the buildup of Aβ in the brain parenchyma. Moreover, our AAV constructs represent a valuable tool in the investigation of the pathological properties of Aβ oligomers both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - G Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cindy T Dang
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Celia da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Andrews
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jimmy Phan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jordan Vu Ha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Allissa V Z D Chang
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Pedro E Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rahasson Ager
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Carl W Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Todd Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Djawas FA, Redjeki S, Kodariah R, Kartinah NT. Aerobic exercise combined with environmental enrichment improves spatial memory and enhances neuroligin 1 expression: an animal study. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i3.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed that aerobic exercise (AE) or environmental enrichment (EE) exert positive effects on the molecular, cellular, and structural changes responsible for functional plasticity. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate whether the combination of AE and EE yields a greater effect on spatial memory and increases the expression of the adhesion molecule neuroligin 1 compared with either of the therapies alone. METHODS Twenty 6-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) the control group (C), (2) the AE group, (3) the EE group, and (4) the AE-EE group. Escape latency in a Water-E-maze (WEM) task was used as a parameter to assess spatial memory function. Neuroligin 1 protein expression was examined via the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique followed by IHC optical density (OD) score analysis of the CA1 hippocampal region. RESULTS Data acquired from the WEM task show that escape latency progressively decreased over time in all groups. However, animals in the AE-EE group required less time to complete the task compared with those in the control, AE, and EE groups. IHC OD scores revealed that the combination of AE and EE caused the highest expression of neuroligin 1 in the CA1 hippocampal region among the therapies studied. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in OD score between the AE-EE and control, AE, and EE groups (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combination of AE and EE rats increased neuroligin 1 expression and improved the spatial memory of male Wistar rats compared with application of either therapy alone.
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Wang LS, Tao X, Liu XM, Zhou YF, Zhang MD, Liao YH, Pan RL, Chang Q. Cajaninstilbene Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intrahippocampal Injection of Amyloid-β 1-42 Oligomers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1084. [PMID: 31680939 PMCID: PMC6798059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomers play an important role at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been a vital target in the development of therapeutic drugs for AD. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), a major bioactive stilbene isolated from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves, exerted the neuroprotective property in our previous studies. The present study utilized a validated mouse model of early-stage AD induced by bilateral injection of Aβ1-42 oligomers into hippocampal CA1 regions (100 pmol/mouse) to investigate the cognitive enhancing effects of CSA and the underlying mechanism, by a combination of animal behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and Western blot methods. Intragastric administration of CSA (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) attenuated the impairment of learning and memory induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers. CSA stimulated Aβ clearance and prevented microglial activation and astrocyte reactivity in the hippocampus of model mice. It also decreased the high levels of Glu but increased the low levels of GABA. In addition, CSA inhibited excessive expression of GluN2B-containing NMDARs and upregulated the downstream PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. These results suggest that CSA could be a potential therapeutic agent at the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zika virus replicates in adult human brain tissue and impairs synapses and memory in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3890. [PMID: 31488835 PMCID: PMC6728367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological complications affecting the central nervous system have been reported in adult patients infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that ZIKV replicates in human and mouse adult brain tissue, targeting mature neurons. ZIKV preferentially targets memory-related brain regions, inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and induces memory impairment in adult mice. TNF-α upregulation, microgliosis and upregulation of complement system proteins, C1q and C3, are induced by ZIKV infection. Microglia are found to engulf hippocampal presynaptic terminals during acute infection. Neutralization of TNF-α signaling, blockage of microglial activation or of C1q/C3 prevent synapse and memory impairment in ZIKV-infected mice. Results suggest that ZIKV induces synapse and memory dysfunction via aberrant activation of TNF-α, microglia and complement. Our findings establish a mechanism by which ZIKV affects the adult brain, and point to the need of evaluating cognitive deficits as a potential comorbidity in ZIKV-infected adults. Here, using ex-vivo human adult cortical tissue and a mouse model, the authors investigate the functional consequences of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adult brain, and show that ZIKV causes synapse damage and altered brain function that impacts cognition via activation of innate and inflammatory factors.
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Mangin G, Poittevin M, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Giannesini C, Merkoulova-Rainon T, Kubis N. Glatiramer acetate reduces infarct volume in diabetic mice with cerebral ischemia and prevents long-term memory loss. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:315-327. [PMID: 30953775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is currently the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke that exacerbates the severity of lesions, disability and cognitive decline. There is increasing evidence that sustained brain inflammation may account for this long-term prejudicial outcome in diabetic patients in particular. We sought to demonstrate that experimental permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) in the diabetic mouse aggravates stroke, induces cognitive decline, and is associated with exacerbated brain inflammation, and that these effects can be alleviated and/or prevented by the immunomodulator, glatiramer acetate (GA). Male diabetic C57Bl6 mice (streptozotocin IP) subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo), were treated by the immunomodulator, GA (Copaxone®) (1 mg/kg daily, sc) until 3 or 7 days post stroke. Infarct volume, brain pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, microglial/macrophage density, and neurogenesis were monitored during the first week post stroke. Neurological sensorimotor deficit, spatial memory and brain deposits of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were assessed until six weeks post stroke. In diabetic mice with pMCAo, proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, MCP1, TNFα and CD68) were significantly higher than in non-diabetic mice. In GA-treated mice, the infarct volume was reduced by 30% at D3 and by 40% at D7 post stroke (P < 0.05), sensorimotor recovery was accelerated as early as D3, and long-term memory loss was prevented. Moreover, proinflammatory mediators significantly decreased between D3 (COX2) and D7 (CD32, TNFα, IL-1β), and neurogenesis was significantly increased at D7. Moreover, GA abrogates the accumulation of insoluble Aβ40. This work is the first one to evidence that the immunomodulatory drug GA reduces infarct volume and proinflammatory mediators, enhances early neurogenesis, accelerates sensorimotor recovery, and prevents long-term memory loss in diabetic mice with pMCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Mangin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CART, INSERM U965, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Marine Poittevin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CART, INSERM U965, F-75475 Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Giannesini
- Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Kubis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CART, INSERM U965, F-75475 Paris, France; Service de Physiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France.
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Estrada LD, Ahumada P, Cabrera D, Arab JP. Liver Dysfunction as a Novel Player in Alzheimer's Progression: Looking Outside the Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:174. [PMID: 31379558 PMCID: PMC6650779 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) afflicts an estimated 20 million people worldwide and is the fourth-leading cause of death in the developed world. The most common cause of dementia in older individuals, AD is characterized by neuropathologies including synaptic and neuronal degeneration, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs). Amyloid plaques are primarily composed of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), which accumulates in the brains of patients with AD. Further, small aggregates termed Aβ oligomers are implicated in the synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration underlying early cognitive impairments. Whether Aβ accumulates in part because of dysregulated clearance from the brain remains unclear. The flow of substances (e.g., nutrients, drugs, toxins) in and out of the brain is mediated by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). The BBB exhibits impairment in AD patients and animal models. The effect of BBB impairment on Aβ, and whether BBB function is affected by non-neurological pathologies that impair peripheral clearance requires further investigation. In particular, impaired peripheral clearance is a feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation and hepatocyte injury. NAFLD has reached epidemic proportions, with an estimated prevalence between 20% and 30% of the general population. This chronic condition may influence AD pathogenesis. This review article summarizes the current state of the literature linking NAFLD and AD, highlighting the role of the major Aβ efflux and clearance protein, the LRP-1 receptor, which is abundantly expressed in liver, brain, and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbell D. Estrada
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Integrative Center for Applied Biology and Chemistry (CIBQA), Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Ahumada
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Integrative Center for Applied Biology and Chemistry (CIBQA), Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Integrative Center for Applied Biology and Chemistry (CIBQA), Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratório de Hepatologia Experimental, Gastroenterology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE Chile-UC), P. Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Arab
- Laboratório de Hepatologia Experimental, Gastroenterology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE Chile-UC), P. Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chen XQ, Mobley WC. Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: Insights From Molecular and Cellular Biology Studies of Oligomeric Aβ and Tau Species. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:659. [PMID: 31293377 PMCID: PMC6598402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) represents an oncoming epidemic that without an effective treatment promises to exact extraordinary human and financial burdens. Studies of pathogenesis are essential for defining targets for discovering disease-modifying treatments. Past studies of AD neuropathology provided valuable, albeit limited, insights. Nevertheless, building on these findings, recent studies have provided an increasingly rich harvest of genetic, molecular and cellular data that are creating unprecedented opportunities to both understand and treat AD. Among the most significant are those documenting the presence within the AD brain of toxic oligomeric species of Aβ and tau. Existing data support the view that such species can propagate and spread within neural circuits. To place these findings in context we first review the genetics and neuropathology of AD, including AD in Down syndrome (AD-DS). We detail studies that support the existence of toxic oligomeric species while noting the significant unanswered questions concerning their precise structures, the means by which they spread and undergo amplification and how they induce neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. We conclude by offering a speculative synthesis for how oligomers of Aβ and tau initiate and drive pathogenesis. While 100 years after Alzheimer's first report there is much still to learn about pathogenesis and the discovery of disease-modifying treatments, the application of new concepts and sophisticated new tools are poised to deliver important advances for combatting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Selles MC, Oliveira MM, Ferreira ST. Brain Inflammation Connects Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S313-S327. [PMID: 29710716 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main form of dementia in the elderly and affects greater than 47 million people worldwide. Care for AD patients poses very significant personal and economic demands on individuals and society, and the situation is expected to get even more dramatic in the coming decades unless effective treatments are found to halt the progression of the disease. Although AD is most commonly regarded as a disease of the memory, the entire brain is eventually affected by neuronal dysfunction or neurodegeneration, which brings about a host of other behavioral disturbances. AD patients often present with apathy, depression, eating and sleeping disorders, aggressive behavior, and other non-cognitive symptoms, which deeply affect not only the patient but also the caregiver's health. These symptoms are usually associated with AD pathology but are often neglected as part of disease progression due to the early and profound impact of disease on memory centers such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Yet, a collection of findings offers biochemical insight into mechanisms underlying non-cognitive symptoms in AD, and indicate that, at the molecular level, such symptoms share common mechanisms. Here, we review evidence indicating mechanistic links between memory loss and non-cognitive symptoms of AD. We highlight the central role of the pro-inflammatory activity of microglia in behavioral alterations in AD patients and in experimental models of the disease. We suggest that a deeper understanding of non-cognitive symptoms of AD may illuminate a new beginning in AD research, offering a fresh approach to elucidate mechanisms involved in disease progression and potentially unveiling yet unexplored therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clara Selles
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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48
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Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hishimoto A, Pletnikova O, Lang DL, Troncoso JC, Egan JM, Liu QR. Neurexin 3 transmembrane and soluble isoform expression and splicing haplotype are associated with neuron inflammasome and Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 30902061 PMCID: PMC6429815 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic damage precedes neuron death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurexins, NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3, are presynaptic adhesion molecules that specify neuron synapses and regulate neurotransmitter release. Neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins interact with amyloid beta oligomer (AβO) deposits in damaged synapses. NRXN3 gene variants have been associated with autism, addiction, and schizophrenia, however, not fully investigated in Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated an AD association of a 3'-splicing allele of rs8019381 that produces altered expression of transmembrane or soluble NRXN3 isoforms. METHODS We carried out RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), PCR-RFLP (PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism), Sanger sequencing, and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays for NRXN3 neuron expression and genotyping. Genetic associations were analyzed by χ2 tests, and ISH signals were analyzed by FISH v1.0 module of Indica Labs HALO software. RESULTS We previously identified a functional haplotype in the 3' region of neurexin 3 (NRXN3) gene that alters the expression ratios between NRXN3 transmembrane and soluble isoforms. In this study, we found that expression and ratio of transmembrane and soluble NRXN3 isoforms were reduced in AD postmortem brains and inversely correlated with inflammasome component NLRP3 in AD brain regions. The splicing haplotype related to the transmembrane and soluble NRXN3 expression was associated with AD samples with P = 6.3 × 10-5 (odds ratio = 2.48) and interacted with APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS We found that the SNP rs8019381 of NRXN3 that is located adjacent to splicing site #5 (SS#5) interacts with the APOE ε4 haplotype and alters NRXN3 transmembrane or soluble isoform expression in AD postmortem cortex. Dysregulation of presynaptic NRXN3 expression and splicing might increase neuron inflammation in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Departments of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Doyle Lu Lang
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Departments of Pathology, Neuropathology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Lab of Clinical Investigation, NIA-NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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