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Chen B, Liu G, Chen Q, Wang H, Liu L, Tang K. Discovery of a novel marine Bacteroidetes with a rich repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:406-416. [PMID: 38235362 PMCID: PMC10792170 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the phylum Bacteroidetes play a key role in the marine carbon cycle through their degradation of polysaccharides via carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). The discovery of novel CAZymes and PULs is important for our understanding of the marine carbon cycle. In this study, we isolated and identified a potential new genus of the family Catalimonadaceae, in the phylum Bacteroidetes, from the southwest Indian Ocean. Strain TK19036, the type strain of the new genus, is predicted to encode CAZymes that are relatively abundant in marine Bacteroidetes genomes. Tunicatimonas pelagia NBRC 107804T, Porifericola rhodea NBRC 107748T and Catalinimonas niigatensis NBRC 109829T, which exhibit 16 S rRNA similarities exceeding 90% with strain TK19036, and belong to the same family, were selected as reference strains. These organisms possess a highly diverse repertoire of CAZymes and PULs, which may enable them to degrade a wide range of polysaccharides, especially pectin and alginate. In addition, some secretory CAZymes in strain TK19036 and its relatives were predicted to be transported by type IX secretion system (T9SS). Further, to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first reported "hybrid" PUL targeting alginates in T. pelagia NBRC 107804T. Our findings provide new insights into the polysaccharide degradation capacity of marine Bacteroidetes, and suggest that T9SS may play a more important role in this process than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Rønne ME, Dybdahl Andersen C, Teze D, Petersen AB, Fredslund F, Stender EGP, Chaberski EK, Holck J, Aachmann FL, Welner DH, Svensson B. Action and cooperation in alginate degradation by three enzymes from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107596. [PMID: 39032652 PMCID: PMC11381880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide consumed by humans in edible seaweed and different foods where it is applied as a texturizing hydrocolloid or in encapsulations of drugs and probiotics. While gut bacteria are found to utilize and ferment alginate to health-beneficial short-chain fatty acids, knowledge on the details of the molecular reactions is sparse. Alginates are composed of mannuronic acid (M) and its C-5 epimer guluronic acid (G). An alginate-related polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) has been identified in the gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. The PUL encodes two polysaccharide lyases (PLs) from the PL6 (BePL6) and PL17 (BePL17) families as well as a KdgF-like metalloprotein (BeKdgF) known to catalyze ring-opening of 4,5-unsaturated monouronates yielding 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). B. eggerthii DSM 20697 does not grow on alginate, but readily proliferates with a lag phase of a few hours in the presence of an endo-acting alginate lyase A1-I from the marine bacterium Sphingomonas sp. A1. The B. eggerthii lyases are both exo-acting and while BePL6 is strictly G-block specific, BePL17 prefers M-blocks. BeKdgF retained 10-27% activity in the presence of 0.1-1 mM EDTA. X-ray crystallography was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of BeKdgF, based on which a catalytic mechanism was proposed to involve Asp102, acting as acid/base having pKa of 5.9 as determined by NMR pH titration. BePL6 and BePL17 cooperate in alginate degradation with BeKdgF linearizing producing 4,5-unsaturated monouronates. Their efficiency of alginate degradation was much enhanced by the addition of the A1-I alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E Rønne
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Dybdahl Andersen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Teze
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnes Beenfeldt Petersen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil G P Stender
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Evan Kirk Chaberski
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Fujiwara T, Mano E, Nango E. Structural basis for the minimal bifunctional alginate epimerase AlgE3 from Azotobacter chroococcum. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1422-1437. [PMID: 38649293 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Among the epimerases specific to alginate, some of them in Azotobacter genera convert β-d-mannuronic acid to α-l-guluronic acid but also have lyase activity to degrade alginate. The remarkable characteristics of these epimerases make it a promising enzyme for tailoring alginates to meet specific demands. Here, we determined the structure of the bifunctional mannuronan C-5 epimerase AlgE3 from Azotobacter chroococcum (AcAlgE3) in complex with several mannuronic acid oligomers as well as in apo form, which allowed us to elucidate the binding manner of each mannuronic acid oligomer, and the structural plasticity, which is dependent on calcium ions. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the lyase activity profiles of AcAlgE3 combined with structural characteristics explained the preference for different chain length oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fujiwara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eriko Mano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eriko Nango
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Japan
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Zhu B, Li L, Yuan X. Efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides by using alginate lyases and evaluation of the development promoting effects on Brassica napus L. in saline-alkali environment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:131917. [PMID: 38679252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of alginate for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) is currently receiving significant attention in the field. AOS has been shown to promote crop growth and improve plant resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, two PL6 family alginate lyases, AlyRmA and AlyRmB, were expressed and characterized. These enzymes demonstrate exceptional activity and stable thermophilicity compared to other known alginate lyases. AlyRmA (8855.34 U/mg) and AlyRmB (7879.44 U/mg) exhibited excellent degradation activity towards sodium alginate even at high temperatures (70 °C). The AlyRmA and AlyRmB were characterized and utilized to efficiently produce AOS. The study investigated the promotional effect of AOS on the growth of Brassica napus L. seedlings in a saline-alkaline environment. The results of this study demonstrate the high activity and thermal stability of AlyRmA and AlyRmB, highlighting their potential in the preparation of AOS. Moreover, the application of AOS prepared by AlyRmB could enhance the resistance of Brassica napus L. to saline-alkali environments, thereby broadening the potential applications of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Yuan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Ma XQ, Wang B, Wei W, Tan FC, Su H, Zhang JZ, Zhao CY, Zheng HJ, Feng YQ, Shen W, Yang JB, Li FL. Alginate oligosaccharide assimilation by gut microorganisms and the potential role in gut inflammation alleviation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0004624. [PMID: 38563787 PMCID: PMC11107165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00046-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber metabolism by gut microorganisms plays important roles in host physiology and health. Alginate, the major dietary fiber of daily diet seaweeds, is drawing more attention because of multiple biological activities. To advance the understanding of alginate assimilation mechanism in the gut, we show the presence of unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (uAOS)-specific alginate utilization loci (AUL) in human gut microbiome. As a representative example, a working model of the AUL from the gut microorganism Bacteroides clarus was reconstructed from biochemistry and transcriptome data. The fermentation of resulting monosaccharides through Entner-Doudoroff pathway tunes the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids. Furthermore, we show that uAOS feeding protects the mice against dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis probably by remodeling gut microbiota and metabolome. IMPORTANCE Alginate has been included in traditional Chinese medicine and daily diet for centuries. Recently discovered biological activities suggested that alginate-derived alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) might be an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, but how these AOS are metabolized in the gut and how it affects health need more information. The study on the working mechanism of alginate utilization loci (AUL) by the gut microorganism uncovers the role of unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (uAOS) assimilation in tuning short-chain fatty acids and amino acids metabolism and demonstrates that uAOS metabolism by gut microorganisms results in a variation of cell metabolites, which potentially contributes to the physiology and health of gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Ma
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Tan
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Su
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Zhang
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua-Jun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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Sharma S, Kishen A. Bioarchitectural Design of Bioactive Biopolymers: Structure-Function Paradigm for Diabetic Wound Healing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:275. [PMID: 38786486 PMCID: PMC11117869 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a major complication in diabetes caused by hyperglycemia, prolonged inflammation, high oxidative stress, and bacterial bioburden. Bioactive biopolymers have been found to have a biological response in wound tissue microenvironments and are used for developing advanced tissue engineering strategies to enhance wound healing. These biopolymers possess innate bioactivity and are biodegradable, with favourable mechanical properties. However, their bioactivity is highly dependent on their structural properties, which need to be carefully considered while developing wound healing strategies. Biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and collagen have previously been used in wound healing solutions but the modulation of structural/physico-chemical properties for differential bioactivity have not been the prime focus. Factors such as molecular weight, degree of polymerization, amino acid sequences, and hierarchical structures can have a spectrum of immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant properties that could determine the fate of the wound. The current narrative review addresses the structure-function relationship in bioactive biopolymers for promoting healing in chronic wounds with emphasis on diabetic ulcers. This review highlights the need for characterization of the biopolymers under research while designing biomaterials to maximize the inherent bioactive potency for better tissue regeneration outcomes, especially in the context of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Sharma
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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7
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Chen C, Li X, Lu C, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Jin Z, Long J. Advances in alginate lyases and the potential application of enzymatic prepared alginate oligosaccharides: A mini review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129506. [PMID: 38244735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alginate is mainly a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly arranged β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid linked by α, β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Alginate lyases degrade alginate mainly adopting a β-elimination mechanism, breaking the glycosidic bonds between the monomers and forming a double bond between the C4 and C5 sugar rings to produce alginate oligosaccharides consisting of 2-25 monomers, which have various physiological functions. Thus, it can be used for the continuous industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization, in accordance with the requirements of green exploitation of marine resources. With the development of structural analysis, the quantity of characterized alginate lyase structures is progressively growing, leading to a concomitant improvement in understanding the catalytic mechanism. Additionally, the use of molecular modification methods including rational design, truncated expression of non-catalytic domains, and recombination of conserved domains can improve the catalytic properties of the original enzyme, enabling researchers to screen out the enzyme with the expected excellent performance with high success rate and less workload. This review presents the latest findings on the catalytic mechanism of alginate lyases and outlines the methods for molecular modifications. Moreover, it explores the connection between the degree of polymerization and the physiological functions of alginate oligosaccharides, providing a reference for enzymatic preparation development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Zhang YS, Zhang YQ, Zhao XM, Liu XL, Qin QL, Liu NH, Xu F, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Li PY. Metagenomic insights into the dynamic degradation of brown algal polysaccharides by kelp-associated microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0202523. [PMID: 38259074 PMCID: PMC10880675 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02025-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria play important roles in the degradation and cycling of algal polysaccharides. However, the dynamics of epiphytic bacterial communities and their roles in algal polysaccharide degradation during kelp decay are still unclear. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses to investigate the identities and predicted metabolic abilities of epiphytic bacterial communities during the early and late decay stages of the kelp Saccharina japonica. During kelp decay, the dominant epiphytic bacterial communities shifted from Gammaproteobacteria to Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes. In the early decay stage of S. japonica, epiphytic bacteria primarily targeted kelp-derived labile alginate for degradation, among which the gammaproteobacterial Vibrionaceae (particularly Vibrio) and Psychromonadaceae (particularly Psychromonas), abundant in alginate lyases belonging to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) families PL6, PL7, and PL17, were key alginate degraders. More complex fucoidan was preferred to be degraded in the late decay stage of S. japonica by epiphytic bacteria, predominantly from Verrucomicrobia (particularly Lentimonas), Pirellulaceae of Planctomycetes (particularly Rhodopirellula), Pontiellaceae of Kiritimatiellota, and Flavobacteriaceae of Bacteroidetes, which depended on using glycoside hydrolases (GHs) from the GH29, GH95, and GH141 families and sulfatases from the S1_15, S1_16, S1_17, and S1_25 families to depolymerize fucoidan. The pathways for algal polysaccharide degradation in dominant epiphytic bacterial groups were reconstructed based on analyses of metagenome-assembled genomes. This study sheds light on the roles of different epiphytic bacteria in the degradation of brown algal polysaccharides.IMPORTANCEKelps are important primary producers in coastal marine ecosystems. Polysaccharides, as major components of brown algal biomass, constitute a large fraction of organic carbon in the ocean. However, knowledge of the identities and pathways of epiphytic bacteria involved in the degradation process of brown algal polysaccharides during kelp decay is still elusive. Here, based on metagenomic analyses, the succession of epiphytic bacterial communities and their metabolic potential were investigated during the early and late decay stages of Saccharina japonica. Our study revealed a transition in algal polysaccharide-degrading bacteria during kelp decay, shifting from alginate-degrading Gammaproteobacteria to fucoidan-degrading Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Kiritimatiellota, and Bacteroidetes. A model for the dynamic degradation of algal cell wall polysaccharides, a complex organic carbon, by epiphytic microbiota during kelp decay was proposed. This study deepens our understanding of the role of epiphytic bacteria in marine algal carbon cycling as well as pathogen control in algal culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Joint Research Center for Marine Microbiol Science and Technology, Shandong University and Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Research Center for Marine Microbiol Science and Technology, Shandong University and Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Jiang J, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Han S, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional alginate lyase from Microbulbifer arenaceous. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 213:106372. [PMID: 37717719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Bio‒production of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), a type of functional food additive, is a promising way for green utilization of algae, in which alginate hydrolyzing enzymes play a key role. A novel alginate lyase gene (MiAly17A) from a marine bacterium Microbulbifer arenaceous was heterologously expressed in E. coli. The coding sequence of the gene shared the highest identity of 86% with a polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 17 alginate lyase (AlgL17) from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1. The recombinant enzyme (MiAly17A) was purified and biochemically characterized. MiAly17A showed maximal enzyme activity at 40 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. It was stable at the temperatures below 35 °C and within pH 5.0-8.0. The enzyme activities were increased by 5.3 and 5.6 folds in the presence of 100 mM of K+ and Na+, respectively. MiAly17A was bifunctional and could hydrolyze sodium alginate to release unsaturated monosaccharides and oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-7. The enzyme catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends and the backbone of the tested oligosaccharides (DP ≥ 4), exhibiting both exolytic and endo-lytic activities. Moreover, MiAly17A was used for the production of alginate oligosaccharides from sodium alginate, and the highest conversion ratio of 68% was obtained. The unique properties may possess the enzyme great potential for preparation of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Susu Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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10
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Cha QQ, Liu SS, Dang YR, Ren XB, Xu F, Li PY, Chen XL, Wang P, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Qin QL. Ecological function and interaction of different bacterial groups during alginate processing in coastal seawater community. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108325. [PMID: 37995388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of high molecular weight organic matter (HMWOM) is a core process of oceanic carbon cycle, which is determined by the activity of microbial communities harboring hundreds of different species. Illustrating the active microbes and their interactions during HMWOM processing can provide key information for revealing the relationship between community composition and its ecological functions. In this study, the genomic and transcriptional responses of microbial communities to the availability of alginate, an abundant HMWOM in coastal ecosystem, were elucidated. The main degraders transcribing alginate lyase (Aly) genes came from genera Alteromonas, Psychrosphaera and Colwellia. Meanwhile, some strains, mainly from the Rhodobacteraceae family, did not transcribe Aly gene but could utilize monosaccharides to grow. The co-culture experiment showed that the activity of Aly-producing strain could promote the growth of Aly-non-producing strain when alginate was the sole carbon source. Interestingly, this interaction did not reduce the alginate degradation rate, possibly due to the easily degradable nature of alginate. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between microbial community activity and alginate metabolism function as well as further manipulation of microbial community structure for alginate processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Ru Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Zhang A, Cao Z, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Fu L, Li J, Liu T. Characterization of bifunctional alginate lyase Aly644 and antimicrobial activity of enzymatic hydrolysates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6845-6857. [PMID: 37698609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
An alginate lyase gene aly644 encoding a member of polysaccharide lyase family 6 was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. The gene was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified using a Ni-NTA His Tag Kit. With sodium alginate as the substrate, recombinant Aly644 exhibited an optimum reaction temperature of 50°C and an optimum reaction pH of 7.0. The Vmax and Km values of Aly644 toward sodium alginate were 112.36 mg/mL·min and 16.75 mg/mL, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that Aly644 was a bifunctional alginate lyase that hydrolyzed both polyguluronic acid and polymannuronic acid. The hydrolysis products of Aly644 with sodium alginate as the substrate were detected by thin-layer chromatography, and were mainly di- and trisaccharides. The oligosaccharides produced by degradation of sodium alginate by Aly644 inhibited the mycelial growth of the plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva; the 50% maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were 297.45 and 452.89 mg/L, and the 90% maximal effective concentration (EC90) values were 1341.45 and 2693.83 mg/L, respectively. This highlights that Aly644 is a potential candidate enzyme for the industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization. Enzyme-hydrolyzed alginate oligosaccharides could support the development of green agriculture as natural antimicrobial agents. KEY POINTS: • An alginate lyase was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. • Aly644 is a bifunctional alginate lyase with excellent thermostability and pH stability. • The enzymatic hydrolysates of Aly644 directly inhibited Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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12
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Rønne ME, Tandrup T, Madsen M, Hunt CJ, Myers PN, Moll JM, Holck J, Brix S, Strube ML, Aachmann FL, Wilkens C, Svensson B. Three alginate lyases provide a new gut Bacteroides ovatus isolate with the ability to grow on alginate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0118523. [PMID: 37791757 PMCID: PMC10617595 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01185-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans consume alginate in the form of seaweed, food hydrocolloids, and encapsulations, making the digestion of this mannuronic acid (M) and guluronic acid (G) polymer of key interest for human health. To increase knowledge on alginate degradation in the gut, a gene catalog from human feces was mined for potential alginate lyases (ALs). The predicted ALs were present in nine species of the Bacteroidetes phylum, of which two required supplementation of an endo-acting AL, expected to mimic cross-feeding in the gut. However, only a new isolate grew on alginate. Whole-genome sequencing of this alginate-utilizing isolate suggested that it is a new Bacteroides ovatus strain harboring a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) containing three ALs of families: PL6, PL17, and PL38. The BoPL6 degraded polyG to oligosaccharides of DP 1-3, and BoPL17 released 4,5-unsaturated monouronate from polyM. BoPL38 degraded both alginates, polyM, polyG, and polyMG, in endo-mode; hence, it was assumed to deliver oligosaccharide substrates for BoPL6 and BoPL17, corresponding well with synergistic action on alginate. BoPL17 and BoPL38 crystal structures, determined at 1.61 and 2.11 Å, respectively, showed (α/α)6-barrel + anti-parallel β-sheet and (α/α)7-barrel folds, distinctive for these PL families. BoPL17 had a more open active site than the two homologous structures. BoPL38 was very similar to the structure of an uncharacterized PL38, albeit with a different triad of residues possibly interacting with substrate in the presumed active site tunnel. Altogether, the study provides unique functional and structural insights into alginate-degrading lyases of a PUL in a human gut bacterium.IMPORTANCEHuman ingestion of sustainable biopolymers calls for insight into their utilization in our gut. Seaweed is one such resource with alginate, a major cell wall component, used as a food hydrocolloid and for encapsulation of pharmaceuticals and probiotics. Knowledge is sparse on the molecular basis for alginate utilization in the gut. We identified a new Bacteroides ovatus strain from human feces that grew on alginate and encoded three alginate lyases in a gene cluster. BoPL6 and BoPL17 show complementary specificity toward guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) residues, releasing unsaturated oligosaccharides and monouronic acids. BoPL38 produces oligosaccharides degraded by BoPL6 and BoPL17 from both alginates, G-, M-, and MG-substrates. Enzymatic and structural characterization discloses the mode of action and synergistic degradation of alginate by these alginate lyases. Other bacteria were cross-feeding on alginate oligosaccharides produced by an endo-acting alginate lyase. Hence, there is an interdependent community in our guts that can utilize alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E. Rønne
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Tandrup
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cameron J. Hunt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille N. Myers
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janne M. Moll
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael L. Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bacterial Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Structural Enzymology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Guo Q, Dan M, Zheng Y, Shen J, Zhao G, Wang D. Improving the thermostability of a novel PL-6 family alginate lyase by rational design engineering for industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125998. [PMID: 37499708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is degraded into alginate oligosaccharides with various biological activities by enzymes. However, the thermostability of the enzyme limits its industrial application. In this study, a novel PL-6 alginate lyase, AlyRm6A from Rhodothermus marinus 4252 was expressed and characterized. In addition, an efficient comprehensive strategy was proposed, including automatic design of heat-resistant mutants, multiple computer-aided ΔΔGfold value calculation, and conservative analysis of mutation sites. AlyRm6A has naturally high thermostability. Compared with the WT, T43I and Q216I kept their original activities, and their half-lives were increased from 3.68 h to 4.29 h and 4.54 h, melting point temperatures increased from 61.5 °C to 62.9 °C and 63.5 °C, respectively. The results of circular dichroism showed that both the mutants and the wild type had the characteristic peaks of β-sheet at 195 nm and 216 nm, which indicated that there was no significant effect on the secondary structure of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analyses suggest that the enhancement of the hydrophobic interaction network, improvement of molecular rigidity, and denser structure could improve the stability of AlyRm6A. To the best of our knowledge, our findings indicate that AlyRm6A mutants exhibit the highest thermostability among the characterized PL-6 alginate lyases, making them potential candidates for industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji Shen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Li L, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang J. Directed preparation, structure-activity relationship and applications of alginate oligosaccharides with specific structures: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112990. [PMID: 37316063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) possess versatile activities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-regulatory activities) and have been the research topic in marine bioresource utilization fields. The degree of polymerization (DP) and the β-D-mannuronic acid (M)/α-L-guluronic acid (G)-units ratio strongly affect the functionality of AOS. Therefore, directed preparation of AOS with specific structures is essential for expanding the applications of alginate polysaccharides and has been the research topic in the marine bioresource field. Alginate lyases could efficiently degrade alginate and specifically produce AOS with specific structures. Therefore, enzymatic preparation of AOS with specific structures has drawn increasing attention. Herein, we systematically summarized the current research progress on the structure-function relation of AOS and focuses on the application of the enzymatic properties of alginate lyase to the specific preparation of various types of AOS. At the same time, current challenges and opportunities for AOS applications are presented to guide and improve the preparation and application of AOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, China
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15
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Enhancement of Inhibition of the Pseudomonas sp. Biofilm Formation on Bacterial Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing by the Combined Action of Alginate Lyase and Gentamicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054740. [PMID: 36902169 PMCID: PMC10002595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms generally contribute to chronic infections, including wound infections. Due to the antibiotic resistance mechanisms protecting bacteria living in the biofilm, they are a serious problem in the wound healing process. To accelerate the wound healing process and avoid bacterial infection, it is necessary to select the appropriate dressing material. In this study, the promising therapeutic properties of alginate lyase (AlgL) immobilised on BC membranes for protecting wounds from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were investigated. The AlgL was immobilised on never dried BC pellicles via physical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of AlgL was 6.0 mg/g of dry BC, and the equilibrium was reached after 2 h. The adsorption kinetics was studied, and it has been proven that the adsorption was consistent with Langmuir isotherm. In addition, the impact of enzyme immobilisation on bacterial biofilm stability and the effect of simultaneous immobilisation of AlgL and gentamicin on the viability of bacterial cells was investigated. The obtained results showed that the AlgL immobilisation significantly reduced the amount of polysaccharides component of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Moreover, the biofilm disruption by AlgL immobilised on BC membranes exhibited synergism with the gentamicin, resulting in 86.5% more dead P. aeruginosa PAO-1 cells.
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16
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Cao S, Li L, Li Q, Jiang L, Zhu B, Yao Z. A novel alginate lyase and its domain functions for the preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1737-1749. [PMID: 36795142 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae are considered promising crops for the production of sustainable biofuels. However, the commercial application has been limited by lack of efficient methods for converting alginate into fermentable sugars. Herein, we cloned and characterized a novel alginate lyase AlyPL17 from Pedobacter hainanensis NJ-02. It possessed outstanding catalytic efficiency toward polymannuronic acid (polyM), polyguluronic acid (polyG), and alginate sodium, with kcat of 39.42 ± 1.9 s-1, 32.53 ± 0.88 s-1, and 38.30 ± 2.12 s-1, respectively. AlyPL17 showed maximum activity at 45 °C and pH 9.0. The domain truncation did not change the optimal temperature and optimal pH, but greatly reduced the activity. In addition, AlyPL17 degrades alginate through the cooperative action of two structural domains in an exolytic mode. The minimal degradation substrate of AlyPL17 is a disaccharide. Furthermore, AlyPL17 and AlyPL6 can synergistically degrade alginate to prepare unsaturated monosaccharides that can be converted to 4-deoxy-L-erythron-5-hexoseuloseuronate acid (DEH). DEH is reduced to KDG by DEH reductase (Sdr), which enters the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway as a common metabolite and is converted to bioethanol. KEY POINTS: • Biochemical characterization of alginate lyase from Pedobacter hainanensis NJ-02 and its truncated form. • Degradation patterns of AlyPL17 and the role of its domains in product distribution and mode of action. • Potential of synergistic degradation system for efficient preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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17
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Wang X, Xu W, Dai Q, Liu X, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus ehimensis and its application for alginate oligosaccharides bioproduction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110221. [PMID: 36906979 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, people pay more attention to marine sugars, because of their unique physiological effects. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are the degradation products of alginate and have been used in food, cosmetic, and medicine fields. AOS display good physical characteristics (low relative molecular weight, good solubility, high safety, and high stability) and excellent physiological functions (immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and prebiotic activities). Alginate lyase plays a key role in the AOS bioproduction. In this study, a novel PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus ehimensis (paeh-aly) was identified and characterized. It was extracellularly secreted in E. coli and exhibited a preference for the substrate poly β-D-mannuronate. Using sodium alginate as the substrate, it showed the maximum catalytic activity (125.7 U/mg) at pH 7.5 and 55 °C with 50 mM NaCl. Compared with other alginate lyases, paeh-aly exhibited good stability. About 86.6% and 61.0% residual activity could be maintained after 5 h incubation at 50 and 55 °C respectively, and its Tm value was 61.5 °C. The degradation products were AOS with DP 2-4. Paeh-aly demonstrated strong promise for AOS industrial production because of its excellent thermostability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Quanyu Dai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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18
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase in Bacillus subtilis WB600. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further broaden the heterologous expression of alginate lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus in a Bacillus subtilis expression vector. A B. subtilis WB600/pP43NMK-alg62 strain was constructed. (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and Ni-affinity chromatography were performed to purify the enzyme. We then characterized the enzyme. Its molecular weight was 57.64 kDa, and it worked optimally at 30 °C with a pH of 8.0. Ca2+ markedly enhanced the enzymatic activity of Alg62 while Cu2+ and Ni2+ inhibited its activity. Alg62 had a wide range of substrate specificity, showing high activity toward sodium alginate and polyG. Following optimization of the fermentation process, the optimal conditions for the recombinant expression of Alg62 were as follows: temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7.0, medium consisting of glycerol 15 g/L, yeast powder 25 g/L and K+ 1.5 mmol/L. At these optimal conditions, enzyme activity reached 318.21 U/mL, which was 1.54 times higher than the initial enzyme activity.
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19
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Chen C, Cao S, Zhu B, Jiang L, Yao Z. Biochemical characterization and elucidation the degradation pattern of a new cold-adapted and Ca2+ activated alginate lyase for efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Synergy of the Two Alginate Lyase Domains of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Vibrio sp. NC2 in Alginate Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0155922. [PMID: 36394323 PMCID: PMC9746311 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play a vital role in the degradation of alginate, an important marine carbon source. Alginate is a complex macromolecular substrate, and the synergy of alginate lyases is important for the alginate utilization by microbes and the application of alginate lyases in biotechnology. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two alginate lyase domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, we report the synergism between the two catalytic domains of a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', from the marine alginate-degrading bacterium Vibrio sp. NC2. AlyC6' contains two PL7 catalytic domains (CD1 and CD2) that have no sequence similarity. While both CD1 and CD2 are endo-lyases with the highest activity at 30°C, pH 8.0, and 1.0 M NaCl, they also displayed some different properties. CD1 was PM-specific, but CD2 was PG-specific. Compared with CD2, CD1 had higher catalytic efficiency, but lower substrate affinity. In addition, CD1 had a smaller minimal substrate than CD2, and the products from CD2 could be further degraded by CD1. These distinctions between the two domains enable them to synergize intramolecularly in alginate degradation, resulting in efficient and complete degradation of various alginate substrates. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that diverse alginate lyases have multiple catalytic domains, which are widespread, especially abundant in Flavobacteriaceae and Alteromonadales, which may secret multimodular alginate lyases for alginate degradation. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation and is helpful for designing multimodular enzymes for efficient alginate depolymerization. IMPORTANCE Alginate is a major component in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate degradation is carried out by alginate lyases. Until now, while most characterized alginate lyases contain one single catalytic domain, only a few have been shown to contain two catalytic domains. Furthermore, the synergy of alginate lyases has attracted increasing attention since it plays important roles in microbial alginate utilization and biotechnological applications. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two catalytic domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', with two functional alginate lyase domains was biochemically characterized. Moreover, the synergism between the two domains of AlyC6' was revealed. Additionally, the distribution of the alginate lyases with multiple alginate lyase domains was investigated based on the bioinformatics analysis. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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21
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Dan M, Li Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Characterization of degradation patterns and enzymatic properties of a novel alkali-resistant alginate lyase AlyRm1 from Rubrivirga marina. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100414. [PMID: 36569190 PMCID: PMC9772803 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyase is essential for the production of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), which exhibit diverse bioactivities and have numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The creation of recombinant alginate lyase by genetic engineering lays a crucial foundation for the commercialization of alginate lyase. This study cloned and expressed the polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) alginate lyase gene alyrm1 from Rubrivirga marina.The optimum temperature and pH for recombinant AlyRm1 are 30 °C and 10.0, respectively. AlyRm1 shows good alkaline stability, for it remained over 80% of the enzyme activity after being incubated at pH 10.0 for 24 h AlyRm1 preferentially degrades PolyM into AOSs with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-5 and monosaccharides as an endolytic bifunctional lyase. In addition, the analysis of degradation products toward oligosaccharides revealed that the minimal substrate of AlyRm1 is trisaccharide and clarified the degradation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Resource and Environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, 678000, PR China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537000, PR China,Corresponding author. College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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22
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Sun XM, Xue Z, Sun ML, Zhang Y, Zhang YZ, Fu HH, Zhang YQ, Wang P. Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase with Two Alginate Lyase Domains from the Marine Bacterium Vibrio sp. C42. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120746. [PMID: 36547893 PMCID: PMC9781882 DOI: 10.3390/md20120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate lyases can degrade alginate, and thus play an important role in the marine carbon cycle and industrial production. Currently, most reported alginate lyases contain only one functional alginate lyase domain. AlyC8 is a putative alginate lyase with two alginate lyase domains (CD1 and CD2) from the marine alginate-degrading strain Vibrio sp. C42. To characterize AlyC8 and its two catalytic domains, AlyC8 and its two catalytic domain-deleted mutants, AlyC8-CD1 and AlyC8-CD2, were expressed in Escherichia coli. All three proteins have noticeable activity toward sodium alginate and exhibit optimal activities at pH 8.0-9.0 and at 30-40 °C, demonstrating that both CD1 and CD2 are functional. However, CD1 and CD2 showed opposite substrate specificity. The differences in substrate specificity and degradation products of alginate between the mutants and AlyC8 demonstrate that CD1 and CD2 can act synergistically to enable AlyC8 to degrade various alginate substrates into smaller oligomeric products. Moreover, kinetic analysis indicated that AlyC8-CD1 plays a major role in the degradation of alginate by AlyC8. These results demonstrate that AlyC8 is a novel alginate lyase with two functional catalytic domains that are synergistic in alginate degradation, which is helpful for a better understanding of alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
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23
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Biochemical Characterization and Elucidation of the Hybrid Action Mode of a New Psychrophilic and Cold-Tolerant Alginate Lyase for Efficient Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080506. [PMID: 36005509 PMCID: PMC9410210 DOI: 10.3390/md20080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases with unique biochemical properties have irreplaceable value in food and biotechnology industries. Herein, the first new hybrid action mode Thalassotalea algicola-derived alginate lyase gene (TAPL7A) with both psychrophilic and cold-tolerance was cloned and expressed heterologously in E. coli. With the highest sequence identity (43%) to the exolytic alginate lyase AlyA5 obtained from Zobellia galactanivorans, TAPL7A was identified as a new polysaccharide lyases family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase. TAPL7A has broad substrate tolerance with specific activities of 4186.1 U/mg, 2494.8 U/mg, 2314.9 U/mg for polyM, polyG, and sodium alginate, respectively. Biochemical characterization of TAPL7A showed optimal activity at 15 °C, pH 8.0. Interestingly, TAPL7A exhibits both extreme psychrophilic and cold tolerance, which other cold-adapted alginate lyase do not possess. In a wide range of 5–30 °C, the activity can reach 80–100%, and the residual activity of more than 70% can still be maintained after 1 h of incubation. Product analysis showed that TAPL7A adopts a hybrid endo/exo-mode on all three substrates. FPLC and ESI-MS confirmed that the final products of TAPL7A are oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (Dps) of 1–2. This study provides excellent alginate lyase candidates for low-temperature environmental applications in food, agriculture, medicine and other industries.
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24
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Long L, Hu Q, Wang X, Li H, Li Z, Jiang Z, Ni H, Li Q, Zhu Y. A bifunctional exolytic alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 with salt activation and calcium-dependent catalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 161:110109. [PMID: 35939899 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases can depolymerize alginate to oligomers with potential applications in many fields. Here a new alginate lyase, namely AlgL6, was characterized from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1, phylogenetically classified into the polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6). The recombinant alginate lyase AlgL6 exerted enzymatic activities towards polymannuronate, polyguluronate, and sodium alginate in an exolytic manner. AlgL6 had an optimum temperature of 35 °C and good stability at 30 °C or below. Its optimum pH was 8.0, and it had good stability over the pH range of 5.0-9.0. AlgL6 exhibited excellent halo-stability against Na+, and its activity can be increased up to about 1.8 times by 0.5 M NaCl. AlgL6 also showed strong stability in the presence of some nonionic detergents such as Tween 20 and Tween 80. The degradation products of sodium alginate by AlgL6 exhibited more effective antioxidant activities than the undigested polysaccharides. Structure analysis illustrated the catalytic mechanism defined by the coordination of the acid/base residues Arg269 and Lys248 of AlgL6. The replacement of Ca2+-interacting amino acid residues in AlgL6 and depletion of Ca2+ suggested the involvement of Ca2+ in the enzyme's catalytic activity. These properties of AlgL6 supply support to its industrial application for development of alginate bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufei Long
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingsong Hu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hebin Li
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
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25
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Barzkar N, Sheng R, Sohail M, Jahromi ST, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Nahavandi R. Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future. Molecules 2022; 27:3375. [PMID: 35684316 PMCID: PMC9181867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of brown algae contains alginate as a major constituent. This anionic polymer is a composite of β-d-mannuronate (M) and α-l-guluronate (G). Alginate can be degraded into oligosaccharides; both the polymer and its products exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities and, hence, find many commercial applications. Alginate is attacked by various enzymes, collectively termed alginate lyases, that degrade glycosidic bonds through β-elimination. Considering the abundance of brown algae in marine ecosystems, alginate is an important source of nutrients for marine organisms, and therefore, alginate lyases play a significant role in marine carbon recycling. Various marine microorganisms, particularly those that thrive in association with brown algae, have been reported as producers of alginate lyases. Conceivably, the marine-derived alginate lyases demonstrate salt tolerance, and many are activated in the presence of salts and, therefore, find applications in the food industry. Therefore, this review summarizes the structural and biochemical features of marine bacterial alginate lyases along with their applications. This comprehensive information can aid in the expansion of future prospects of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 3995, Iran
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal;
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 9145, Iran;
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 8361, Iran;
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26
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Lu S, Na K, Wei J, Zhang L, Guo X. Alginate oligosaccharides: The structure-function relationships and the directional preparation for application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119225. [PMID: 35287920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are degradation products of alginate extracted from brown algae. With low molecular weight, high water solubility, and good biological activity, AOS present anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. They also exert growth-promoting effects in animals and plants. Three types of AOS, mannuronate oligosaccharides (MAOS), guluronate oligosaccharides (GAOS), and heterozygous mannuronate and guluronate oligosaccharides (HAOS), can be produced from alginate by enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus far, most studies on the applications and biological activities of AOS have been based mainly on a hybrid form of HAOS. To improve the directional production of AOS for practical applications, systematic studies on the structures and related biological activities of AOS are needed. This review provides a summary of current understanding of structure-function relationships and advances in the production of AOS. The current challenges and opportunities in the application of AOS is suggested to guide the precise application of AOS in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Jiani Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China.
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27
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Xue Z, Sun XM, Chen C, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Fan SJ, Xu F. A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification, Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:159. [PMID: 35323458 PMCID: PMC8953905 DOI: 10.3390/md20030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonasarctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Meng Sun
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Cui Chen
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
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28
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Cao S, Li Q, Xu Y, Tang T, Ning L, Zhu B. Evolving strategies for marine enzyme engineering: recent advances on the molecular modification of alginate lyase. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:106-116. [PMID: 37073348 PMCID: PMC10077200 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate, an acidic polysaccharide, is formed by β-d-mannuronate (M) and α-l-guluronate (G). As a type of polysaccharide lyase, alginate lyase can efficiently degrade alginate into alginate oligosaccharides, having potential applications in the food, medicine, and agriculture fields. However, the application of alginate lyase has been limited due to its low catalytic efficiency and poor temperature stability. In recent years, various structural features of alginate lyase have been determined, resulting in modification strategies that can increase the applicability of alginate lyase, making it important to summarize and discuss the current evidence. In this review, we summarized the structural features and catalytic mechanisms of alginate lyase. Molecular modification strategies, such as rational design, directed evolution, conserved domain recombination, and non-catalytic domain truncation, are also described in detail. Lastly, the application of alginate lyase is discussed. This comprehensive summary can inform future applications of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yinxiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Tiancheng Tang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Limin Ning
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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29
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Wang M, Chen L, Lou Z, Yuan X, Pan G, Ren X, Wang P. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Paenibacillus sp. LJ-23. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010066. [PMID: 35049921 PMCID: PMC8780880 DOI: 10.3390/md20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a low molecular weight alginate, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) exhibit improved water solubility, better bioavailability, and comprehensive health benefits. In addition, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and gelling capability make them an excellent biomaterial with a dual curative effect when applied in a drug delivery system. In this paper, a novel alginate lyase, Algpt, was cloned and characterized from a marine bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. LJ-23. The purified enzyme was composed of 387 amino acid residues, and had a molecular weight of 42.8 kDa. The optimal pH of Algpt was 7.0 and the optimal temperature was 45 °C. The analysis of the conserved domain and the prediction of the three-dimensional structure indicated that Algpt was a novel alginate lyase. The dominant degradation products of Algpt on alginate were AOS dimer to octamer, depending on the incubation time, which demonstrated that Algpt degraded alginate in an endolytic manner. In addition, Algpt was a salt-independent and thermo-tolerant alginate lyase. Its high stability and wide adaptability endow Algpt with great application potential for the efficient preparation of AOS with different sizes and AOS-based products.
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30
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Desvals A, Fortino M, Lefebvre C, Rogier J, Michelin C, Alioui S, Rousset E, Pedone A, Lemercier G, Hoffmann N. Synthesis and characterization of polymethine dyes carrying thiobarbituric and carboxylic acid moieties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymethine dyes are prepared using a convenient synthesis and characterized by physicochemical and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Desvals
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | | | - Corentin Lefebvre
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Johann Rogier
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Clément Michelin
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samy Alioui
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Elodie Rousset
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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31
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de Oliveira BFR, Lopes IR, Canellas ALB, Muricy G, Jackson SA, Dobson ADW, Laport MS. Genomic and in silico protein structural analyses provide insights into marine polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:973-995. [PMID: 34555402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Active heterotrophic metabolism is a critical metabolic role performed by sponge-associated microorganisms, but little is known about their capacity to metabolize marine polysaccharides (MPs). Here, we investigated the genome of the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PA2MD11 focusing on its macroalgal carbohydrate-degrading potential. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the depolymerization of agar and alginate were found in PA2MD11's genome, including glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and polysaccharide lyases (PLs) belonging to families GH16, GH50 and GH117, and PL6 and PL17, respectively. A gene potentially encoding a sulfatase was also identified, which may play a role in the strain's ability to consume carrageenans. The complete metabolism of agar and alginate by PA2MD11 could also be predicted and was consistent with the results obtained in physiological assays. The polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) potentially involved in the metabolism of agarose contained mobile genetic elements from other marine Gammaproteobacteria and its unusual larger size might be due to gene duplication events. Homology modelling and structural protein analyses of the agarases, alginate lyases and sulfatase depicted clear conservation of catalytic machinery and protein folding together with suitable industrially-relevant features. Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11 is therefore a source of potential MP-degrading biocatalysts for biorefinery applications and in the preparation of pharmacologically-active oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Rodrigues Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Bauer Canellas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Muricy
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n°, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephen Anthony Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gao SK, Yin R, Wang XC, Jiang HN, Liu XX, Lv W, Ma Y, Zhou YX. Structure Characteristics, Biochemical Properties, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Alginate Lyases. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:628. [PMID: 34822499 PMCID: PMC8618178 DOI: 10.3390/md19110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate, the most abundant polysaccharides of brown algae, consists of various proportions of uronic acid epimers α-L-guluronic acid (G) and β-D-mannuronic acid (M). Alginate oligosaccharides (AOs), the degradation products of alginates, exhibit excellent bioactivities and a great potential for broad applications in pharmaceutical fields. Alginate lyases can degrade alginate to functional AOs with unsaturated bonds or monosaccharides, which can facilitate the biorefinery of brown algae. On account of the increasing applications of AOs and biorefinery of brown algae, there is a scientific need to explore the important aspects of alginate lyase, such as catalytic mechanism, structure, and property. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in basic information, structural characteristics, the structure-substrate specificity or catalytic efficiency relationship, property, molecular modification, and applications. To meet the needs of biorefinery systems of a broad array of biochemical products, alginate lyases with special properties, such as salt-activated, wide pH adaptation range, and cold adaptation are outlined. Withal, various challenges in alginate lyase research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on the molecular biology part of alginate lyases, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan-Xia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.-K.G.); (R.Y.); (X.-C.W.); (H.-N.J.); (X.-X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.M.)
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Rowbotham JS, Christopher Greenwell H, Dyer PW. Opening the Egg Box: NMR spectroscopic analysis of the interactions between s-block cations and kelp monosaccharides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13246-13255. [PMID: 34617523 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The best-known theory accounting for metal-alginate complexation is the so-called "Egg Box" model. In order to gain greater insight into the metal-saccharide interactions that underpin this model, the coordination chemistry of the corresponding monomeric units of alginate, L-guluronate (GulA) and D-mannuronate (ManA) have been studied herein. GulA and ManA were exposed to solutions of different s-block cations and then analysed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the α/β ratio of the pyranose anomeric equilibria of GulA showed large pertubations from the starting value (α/β = 0.21 ± 0.01) upon contact with 1.0 M Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ (α/β = 1.50 ± 0.03, 1.20 ± 0.02, and 0.58 ± 0.02, respectively) at pD 7.9, but remained almost constant in the presence of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ (α/β = 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.19 ± 0.01, and 0.26 ± 0.01, respectively). By comparison, no significant changes were observed in the α/β ratios of ManA and related mono-uronates D-glucuronate (GlcA) and D-galacturonate (GalA) in the presence of all of the metal ions surveyed. Analysis of the 1H and 13C coordination chemical shift patterns indicate that the affinity of α-GulA for larger divalent cations is a consequence of the unique ax-eq-ax arrangement of hydroxyl groups found for this uronate anomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Rowbotham
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. .,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - H Christopher Greenwell
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. .,Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Philip W Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Itoh T. Structures and functions of carbohydrate-active enzymes of chitinolytic bacteria Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1314-1323. [PMID: 33792636 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitin and its derivatives have valuable potential applications in various fields that include medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7 is one of the most potent chitin-degrading bacteria identified. This review introduces the chitin degradation system of P. str. FPU-7. In addition to extracellular chitinases, P. str. FPU-7 uses a unique multimodular chitinase (ChiW) to hydrolyze chitin to oligosaccharides on the cell surface. Chitin oligosaccharides are converted to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine by β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (PsNagA) in the cytosol. The functions and structures of ChiW and PsNagA are also summarized. The genome sequence of P. str. FPU-7 provides opportunities to acquire novel enzymes. Genome mining has identified a novel alginate lyase, PsAly. The functions and structure of PsAly are reviewed. These findings will inform further improvement of the sustainable conversion of polysaccharides to functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Itoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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35
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Li Z, Ji X, Cong H, Wang H. Secretory Expression of an Alkaline Alginate Lyase With Heat Recovery Property in Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710533. [PMID: 34434178 PMCID: PMC8381381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyase possesses wide application prospects for the degradation of brown algae and preparation of alginate oligosaccharides, and its degradation products display a variety of biological activities. Although many enzymes of this type have been reported, alginate lyases with unique properties are still relatively rare. In the present work, an alginate lyase abbreviated as Alyw203 has been cloned from Vibrio sp. W2 and expressed in food-grade Yarrowia lipolytica. The Alyw203 gene consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,566 bp containing 521 amino acids, of which the first 17 amino acids are considered signal peptides, corresponding to secretory features. The peak activity of the current enzyme appears at 45°C with a molecular weight of approximately 57.0 kDa. Interestingly, Alyw203 exhibits unique heat recovery performance, returning above 90% of its initial activity in the subsequent incubation for 20 min at 10°C, which is conducive to the recovery of current enzymes at low-temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the highest activity is obtained under alkaline conditions of pH 10.0, showing outstanding pH stability. Additionally, as an alginate lyase independent of NaCl and resistant to metal ions, Alyw203 is highly active in various ionic environments. Moreover, the hydrolyzates of present enzymes are mainly concentrated in the oligosaccharides of DP1–DP2, displaying perfect product specificity. The alkali suitability, heat recovery performance, and high oligosaccharide yield of Alyw203 make it a potential candidate for industrial production of the monosaccharide and disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ze Li
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Linyi Vocational University of Science and Technology, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haihua Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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36
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Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang L. Bacterial alginate metabolism: an important pathway for bioconversion of brown algae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:158. [PMID: 34275475 PMCID: PMC8286568 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae have attracted great attention as an alternative feedstock for biorefining. Although direct conversion of ethanol from alginates (major components of brown macroalgae cell walls) is not amenable for industrial production, significant progress has been made not only on enzymes involved in alginate degradation, but also on metabolic pathways for biorefining at the laboratory level. In this article, we summarise recent advances on four aspects: alginate, alginate lyases, different alginate-degrading systems, and application of alginate lyases and associated pathways. This knowledge will likely inspire sustainable solutions for further application of both alginate lyases and their associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Violot S, Galisson F, Carrique L, Jugnarain V, Conchou L, Robert X, Thureau A, Helbert W, Aghajari N, Ballut L. Exploring molecular determinants of polysaccharide Lyase family 6-1 enzyme activity. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1557-1570. [PMID: 34245266 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polysaccharide Lyase Family 6 (PL6) represents one of the 41 polysaccharide lyase families classified in the CAZy database with the vast majority of its members being alginate lyases grouped into three subfamilies, PL6_1-3. To decipher the mode of recognition and action of the enzymes belonging to subfamily PL6_1, we solved the crystal structures of Pedsa0632, Patl3640, Pedsa3628 and Pedsa3807, which all show different substrate specificities and mode of action (endo-/exo-lyase). Thorough exploration of the structures of Pedsa0632 and Patl3640 in complex with their substrates as well as docking experiments confirm that the conserved residues in subsites -1 to +3 of the catalytic site form a common platform which can accommodate various types of alginate in a very similar manner but with a series of original adaptations bringing them their specificities of action. From comparative studies with existing structures of PL6_1 alginate lyases, we observe that in the right-handed parallel β-helix fold shared by all these enzymes, the substrate binding site harbors the same overall conserved structures and organization. Despite this apparent similarity, it appears that members of the PL6_1 subfamily specifically accommodate and catalyze the degradation of different alginates suggesting that this common platform is actually a highly adaptable and specific tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Violot
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Galisson
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Carrique
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Léa Conchou
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Robert
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | | | - William Helbert
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Ballut
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
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38
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Li Q, Zheng L, Guo Z, Tang T, Zhu B. Alginate degrading enzymes: an updated comprehensive review of the structure, catalytic mechanism, modification method and applications of alginate lyases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:953-968. [PMID: 34015998 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate, a kind of linear acidic polysaccharide, consists of α-L-guluronate (G) and β-D-mannuronate (M). Both alginate and its degradation products (alginate oligosaccharides) possess abundant biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antitumor activity, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, alginate and alginate oligosaccharides have great value in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural fields. Alginate lyase can degrade alginate into alginate oligosaccharides via the β-elimination reaction. It plays an important role in marine carbon recycling and the deep utilization of brown algae. Elucidating the structural features of alginate lyase can improve our knowledge of its catalytic mechanisms. With the development of structural analysis techniques, increasing numbers of alginate lyases have been characterized at the structural level. Hence, it is essential and helpful to summarize and discuss the up-to-date findings. In this review, we have summarized progress on the structural features and the catalytic mechanisms of alginate lyases. Furthermore, the molecular modification strategies and the applications of alginate lyases have also been discussed. This comprehensive information should be helpful to expand the applications of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Tang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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39
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS. Chemistry, gelation, and enzymatic modification of seaweed food hydrocolloids. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Zhang Q, Cao HY, Wei L, Lu D, Du M, Yuan M, Shi D, Chen X, Wang P, Chen XL, Chi L, Zhang YZ, Li F. Discovery of exolytic heparinases and their catalytic mechanism and potential application. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1263. [PMID: 33627653 PMCID: PMC7904915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparinases (Hepases) are critical tools for the studies of highly heterogeneous heparin (HP)/heparan sulfate (HS). However, exolytic heparinases urgently needed for the sequencing of HP/HS chains remain undiscovered. Herein, a type of exolytic heparinases (exoHepases) is identified from the genomes of different bacteria. These exoHepases share almost no homology with known Hepases and prefer to digest HP rather than HS chains by sequentially releasing unsaturated disaccharides from their reducing ends. The structural study of an exoHepase (BIexoHep) shows that an N-terminal conserved DUF4962 superfamily domain is essential to the enzyme activities of these exoHepases, which is involved in the formation of a unique L-shaped catalytic cavity controlling the sequential digestion of substrates through electrostatic interactions. Further, several HP octasaccharides have been preliminarily sequenced by using BIexoHep. Overall, this study fills the research gap of exoHepases and provides urgently needed tools for the structural and functional studies of HP/HS chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China ,grid.4422.00000 0001 2152 3263College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China ,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wei
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Danrong Lu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Du
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yuan
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deling Shi
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Peng Wang
- grid.4422.00000 0001 2152 3263College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China ,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China ,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- grid.4422.00000 0001 2152 3263College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China ,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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41
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Wang B, Dong S, Li FL, Ma XQ. Structural basis for the exolytic activity of polysaccharide lyase family 6 alginate lyase BcAlyPL6 from human gut microbe Bacteroides clarus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:111-117. [PMID: 33610038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is the structural polysaccharide of the cell wall of brown algae, which is an important carbon source for marine life. The depolymerization of alginate is dependent on alginate lyases. Recent studies showed that the alginate utilization ability had been obtained by human gut microbes. In contrast to the great number of studies on alginate lyases from marine/soil organisms, studies on alginate lyases from gut microbes are still limited. Here, the structure of a polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) alginate lyase from human gut microbe Bacteroides clarus was solved by X-ray crystallography, which represents the cluster of two-domain PL6 alginate lyases from Bacteroidetes. Similar with the two-domain alginate lyase AlyGC originated from marine bacterium, both the N terminal domain (NTD) and C terminal domain (CTD) of BcAlyPL6 show right-handed parallel β-helix fold. However, unlike AlyGC, which forms a homodimer, BcAlyPL6 functions as a monomer. Biochemical analysis indicates that the substrate binding affinity is mainly contributed by the NTD while the CTD of BcAlyPL6 is involved in the formation of -1 subsite, which is essential for substrate turnover rate. Furthermore, CTD is involved in shaping a closed catalytic pocket, and deletion of it leads to increased activity towards highly polymerized substrate. Structure comparison of PL6 family alginate lyases implies that the linkers of two-domain alginate lyases might have evolutionary relationship with the N/C terminal extension of single-domain lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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Zhang K, Liu T, Liu W, Lyu Q. Structural insights into the substrate-binding cleft of AlyF reveal the first long-chain alginate-binding mode. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:336-346. [PMID: 33645537 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832100005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The products of alginate degradation, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), have potential applications in many areas, including functional foods and marine drugs. Enzyme-based approaches using alginate lyases have advantages in the preparation of well defined AOS and have attracted much attention in recent years. However, a lack of structural insight into the whole substrate-binding cleft for most known alginate lyases severely hampers their application in the industrial generation of well defined AOS. To solve this issue, AlyF was co-crystallized with the long alginate oligosaccharide G6 (L-hexaguluronic acid hexasodium salt), which is the longest bound substrate in all solved alginate lyase complex structures. AlyF formed interactions with G6 from subsites -3 to +3 without additional substrate-binding site interactions, suggesting that the substrate-binding cleft of AlyF was fully occupied by six sugars, which was further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. More importantly, a combination of structural comparisons and mutagenetic analyses determined that three key loops (loop 1, Lys215-Glu236; loop 2, Gln402-Ile416; loop 3, Arg334-Gly348) mainly function in binding long substrates (degree of polymerization of >4). The potential flexibility of loop 1 and loop 2 might enable the substrate to continue to enter the cleft after binding to subsites +1 to +3; loop 3 stabilizes and orients the substrate at subsites -2 and -3. Taken together, these results provide the first possible alginate lyase-substrate binding profile for long-chain alginates, facilitating the rational design of new enzymes for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Xu X, Zeng D, Wu D, Lin J. Single-Point Mutation Near Active Center Increases Substrate Affinity of Alginate Lyase AlgL-CD. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1513-1531. [PMID: 33484450 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases have been widely used for the preparation of bioactive alginate oligosaccharides. An alginate lyase AlgL-CD was rationally designed by introducing alkaline amino acid residues near active center to increase activity. One of its mutants E226K presented much higher activity than wild-type AlgL-CD. Substrate affinity of E226K increased 10 folds as the Km values indicated. The spectra of intrinsic emission fluorescence and circular dichroism of E226K suggested the whole enzyme turned to be more flexible. The 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS)-binding assay showed that the hydrophobic active center of E226K was more available to ligand. Molecular dynamic analysis of the enzyme-substrate complex showed that lid loops of the active center in E226K turned to be more opened up, which might contribute to the increase of substrate-binding affinity. Meanwhile, the catalytic residue of E226K was closer to the hydrogen donor C5 atom of the substrate to increase catalysis rate. The final degradation products of alginate by E226K were determined to be identical with that of AlgL-CD. This study provides guidance for improving enzymatic preparation efficiency of bioactive alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Xu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Deyang Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dongyan Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Yang J, Cui D, Ma S, Chen W, Chen D, Shen H. Characterization of a novel PL 17 family alginate lyase with exolytic and endolytic cleavage activity from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:551-563. [PMID: 33385459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are essential tools for depolymerizing alginate into bioactive oligosaccharides and fermentable monosaccharides. Herein, we characterized a novel polysaccharide lyase AlgSH17 from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and retained 86.20% and 65.43% of its maximum activity at 20 °C and 15 °C, respectively, indicating that AlgSH17 has an excellent cold-adapted property. The final products of AlgSH17 mainly consisted of monosaccharides with small amounts of oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-6, suggesting that AlgSH17 possesses both exolytic and endolytic activity. Degradation pattern analysis indicated that AlgSH17 could degrade DP ≥ 4 oligosaccharides into disaccharides and trisaccharides by cleaving the endo-glycosidic bonds and further digest disaccharides and trisaccharides into monosaccharides in an exolytic manner. Products distribution and molecular docking analysis revealed that AlgSH17 could cleave the glycosidic bonds between -1 and +2 within the substrate. Furthermore, The ABTS+, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals scavenging activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates prepared by AlgSH17 reached up to 91.53%, 81.23% and 61.06%, respectively, and the enzymatic hydrolysates displayed an excellent preservation effect on fresh-cut apples. The above results suggested that AlgSH17 could be utilized for the production of monosaccharides, antioxidants and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dandan Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shuo Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Diwen Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Jeong HR, Yoo JS, Choi YL, Jang YS, Lee YS. Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant polysaccharide lyase from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:452-462. [PMID: 33358946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate and its derivatives are annually produced approximately 30,000 tons or more and are applied to various industries as they are natural polymers. The global market for alginate and its derivatives has been growing steadily. There is little research compared to other enzymes produced through biomass degradation or modification. An alginate lyase, MtAl138, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). MtAl138 contains a highly conserved motif (R538TELR, Q607IH609, and YFKAGVY716NQ), which indicates that it belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). MtAl138, with a molecular weight of 77 kDa worked optimally at 45 °C and pH 7.4. MtAl138 showed twice as much activity as when there was no NaCl when there was between 100 and 600 mM NaCl. Moreover, its activity increased in organic solvents such as benzene, hexane, methanol, and toluene. Based on the thin layer chromatography analyses, MtAl38 is an endo-type enzyme that produces di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharides from polyG and polyM. This study provided that MtAl138 is an endoenzyme that showed outstanding enzymatic activity at concentrated salt solutions and organic solvents, which makes it a reasonably attractive enzyme for use in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Soon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lark Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science Technology, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng D, Jiang C, Xu J, Liu Z, Mao X. Characteristics and applications of alginate lyases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1304-1320. [PMID: 32745554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae, as the main source of alginate, are a type of marine biomass with a very high output. Alginate, a polysaccharide composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G), has great potential for applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate lyases (Alys) can degrade alginate polymers into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides, resulting in a broad application field. Alys can be used for both the production of alginate oligosaccharides and the biorefinery of brown algae. In view of their important functions, an increasing number of Alys have been isolated and characterized. For better application, a comprehensive understanding of Alys is essential. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized recently discovered Alys, discussed their characteristics, and introduced their structural properties, degradation patterns and biological roles in alginate-degrading organisms. In addition, applications of Alys have been illustrated with examples. This paper provides a relatively comprehensive description of Alys, which is significant for Alys exploration and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xu F, Chen XL, Sun XH, Dong F, Li CY, Li PY, Ding H, Chen Y, Zhang YZ, Wang P. Structural and molecular basis for the substrate positioning mechanism of a new PL7 subfamily alginate lyase from the arctic. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16380-16392. [PMID: 32967968 PMCID: PMC7705320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play important roles in alginate degradation in the ocean. Although a large number of alginate lyases have been characterized, little is yet known about those in extremely cold polar environments, which may have unique mechanisms for environmental adaptation and for alginate degradation. Here, we report the characterization of a novel PL7 alginate lyase AlyC3 from Psychromonas sp. C-3 isolated from the Arctic brown alga Laminaria, including its phylogenetic classification, catalytic properties, and structure. We propose the establishment of a new PM-specific subfamily of PL7 (subfamily 6) represented by AlyC3 based on phylogenetic analysis and enzymatic properties. Structural and biochemical analyses showed that AlyC3 is a dimer, representing the first dimeric endo-alginate lyase structure. AlyC3 is activated by NaCl and adopts a novel salt-activated mechanism; that is, salinity adjusts the enzymatic activity by affecting its aggregation states. We further solved the structure of an inactive mutant H127A/Y244A in complex with a dimannuronate molecule and proposed the catalytic process of AlyC3 based on structural and biochemical analyses. We show that Arg82 and Tyr190 at the two ends of the catalytic canyon help the positioning of the repeated units of the substrate and that His127, Tyr244, Arg78, and Gln125 mediate the catalytic reaction. Our study uncovers, for the first time, the amino acid residues for alginate positioning in an alginate lyase and demonstrates that such residues involved in alginate positioning are conserved in other alginate lyases. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of alginate degradation by alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Sun H, Gao L, Xue C, Mao X. Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2767-2796. [PMID: 33337030 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes have recently been studied extensively. They are particularly interesting as they catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharide macromolecules and produce oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. Numerous findings have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides and their biotransformed products possess beneficial properties including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they have great value in healthcare, cosmetics, the food industry, and agriculture. Exploitation of enzymes that can degrade marine polysaccharides is in the ascendant, and is important for high-value use of marine biomass resources. In this review, we describe research and prospects regarding the classification, biochemical properties, and catalytic mechanisms of the main types of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes, focusing on chitinase, chitosanase, alginate lyase, agarase, and carrageenase, and their product oligosaccharides. The state-of-the-art discussion of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and their properties offers information that might enable more efficient production of marine oligosaccharides. We also highlight current problems in the field of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and trends in their development. Understanding the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and modification of known enzymes will aid the identification of novel enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides and facilitation of their use in various biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Characterization of a New Intracellular Alginate Lyase with Metal Ions-Tolerant and pH-Stable Properties. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080416. [PMID: 32784864 PMCID: PMC7460510 DOI: 10.3390/md18080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play an important role in alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) preparation and brown seaweed processing. Many extracellular alginate lyases have been characterized to develop efficient degradation tools needed for industrial applications. However, few studies focusing on intracellular alginate lyases have been conducted. In this work, a novel intracellular alkaline alginate lyase Alyw202 from Vibrio sp. W2 was cloned, expressed and characterized. Secretory expression was performed in a food-grade host, Yarrowia lipolytica. Recombinant Alyw202 with a molecular weight of approximately 38.3 kDa exhibited the highest activity at 45 °C and more than 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. Furthermore, Alyw202 showed remarkable metal ion-tolerance, NaCl independence and the capacity of degrading alginate into oligosaccharides of DP2-DP4. Due to the unique pH-stable and high salt-tolerant properties, Alyw202 has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Radical Depolymerization of Alginate Extracted from Moroccan Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of alginate extracted from Moroccan Bifurcaria bifurcata has not been fully established to date. In this work, we report the extraction and the characterization of alginate (ASBB) from the brown algae B. bifurcata, as well as the production of oligo-alginates (OGABs) by using a green chemistry process. The depolymerization of ASBB was carried out by controlled radical hydrolysis through our green chemistry process using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyst. The molecular weight (Mw) and degree of polymerization (DP) distribution of oligo-alginates (OGABs) obtained were then characterized by HPLC size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Structural characterization revealed that after 6 h of depolymerization of ASBB, we obtained OGABs with Mw ≤ 5.5 kDa and 2 ≤ DP ≤ 24. These results highlight the effectiveness of the controlled radical hydrolysis of alginate to produce good yields of alginate fractions with controlled Mw with a known polymerization degree (DP) and without altering properties of oligo-alginates. Bifurcaria bifurcata can be a potential source of alginate and oligo-alginates given its abundance on the northwest Atlantic coast. The production and characterization of oligo-alginates promote their exploitation in the cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and agriculture fields.
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