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Zeng J, Liang L, Chen R, Li C, Pan L, Wen M, Lv D, Liu M, Xu Z, Huang H. Fraxin represses NF-κB pathway via inhibiting the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor to ameliorate diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175915. [PMID: 37467841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (RIF), featured by epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells and collagen deposition in the renal interstitial region, is the main pathological change of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fraxin, the main active component of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance with anti-inflammatory activity, has been demonstrated to ameliorate glomerulosclerosis. However, the regulatory role of Fraxin on diabetic RIF remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the renal protective benefits of Fraxin against diabetic RIF and elucidated its mechanisms. In vitro, Fraxin inhibited the abnormal expression of EMT-related markers and proinflammatory cytokines, improved cellular morphology, and subsequently reduced the extracellular matrix (ECM) production in high glucose (HG)-induced NRK-52E cells. In vivo, Fraxin effectively ameliorated renal function, inhibited the abnormal expression of EMT-related markers and proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced ECM deposition in renal tubule interstitium in db/db mice. Notably, Fraxin could directly bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which contributed to the inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and counteracted the activation of c-Src/NF-κB pathway, eventually ameliorating RIF. Thus, Fraxin may be a potential drug candidate for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liyin Liang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Linjie Pan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Wen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Lv
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Jo M, Lee J, Kim HG, Kim JK, Kim H, Shin KK, Bach TT, Eum SM, Lee JS, Choung ES, Yang Y, Kim KH, Sung GH, Yoo BC, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of Barringtonia angusta methanol extract is mediated by targeting of Src in the NF-κB signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:799-810. [PMID: 34190667 PMCID: PMC8253214 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1938613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Among the plants in the genus Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) used as traditional medicines to treat arthralgia, chest pain, and haemorrhoids in Indonesia, Barringtonia racemosa L. and Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in systemic inflammatory models. OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory activity of Barringtonia angusta Kurz has not been investigated. We prepared a methanol extract of the leaves and stems of B. angusta (Ba-ME) and systemically evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 for 24 h were treated with Ba-ME (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL), and NO production and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes were evaluated. Luciferase reporter gene assay, western blot analysis, overexpression experiments, and cellular thermal shift assay were conducted to explore the mechanism of Ba-ME. In addition, the anti-gastritis activity of Ba-ME (50 and 100 mg/kg, administered twice per day for two days) was evaluated using an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model. RESULTS Ba-ME dose-dependently suppressed NO production [IC50 = 123.33 µg/mL (LPS) and 46.89 µg/mL (Pam3CSK4)] without affecting cell viability. Transcriptional expression of iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and phosphorylation of Src, IκBα, p50/105, and p65 were inhibited by Ba-ME. The extract specifically targeted the Src protein by binding to its SH2 domain. Moreover, Ba-ME significantly ameliorated inflammatory lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory activity of Ba-ME is mediated by targeting of the Src/NF-κB signalling pathway, and B. angusta has potential as an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Jo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeop Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Kuk Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Sang Mi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yoonyong Yang
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Proteomic Analysis Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Huynh TK, Huang CH, Chen JY, Yao JH, Yang YS, Wei YL, Chen HF, Chen CH, Tu CY, Hsu YM, Liu LC, Huang WC. MiR-221 confers lapatinib resistance by negatively regulating p27 kip1 in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4234-4245. [PMID: 34382727 PMCID: PMC8486195 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of acquired resistance to lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, severely limits the duration of clinical response in advanced HER2‐driven breast cancer patients. Although the compensatory activation of the PI3K/Akt survival signal has been proposed to cause acquired lapatinib resistance, comprehensive molecular mechanisms remain required to develop more efficient strategies to circumvent this therapeutic difficulty. In this study, we found that suppression of HER2 by lapatinib still led to Akt inactivation and elevation of FOX3a protein levels, but failed to induce the expression of their downstream pro‐apoptotic effector p27kip1, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor. Elevation of miR‐221 was found to contribute to the development of acquired lapatinib resistance by targeting p27kip1 expression. Furthermore, upregulation of miR‐221 was mediated by the lapatinib‐induced Src family tyrosine kinase and subsequent NF‐κB activation. The reversal of miR‐221 upregulation and p27kip1 downregulation by a Src inhibitor, dasatinib, can overcome lapatinib resistance. Our study not only identified miRNA‐221 as a pivotal factor conferring the acquired resistance of HER2‐positive breast cancer cells to lapatinib through negatively regulating p27kip1 expression, but also suggested Src inhibition as a potential strategy to overcome lapatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Han Yao
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Agriculture College, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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4
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Qin T, Jia Y, Liu Y, Dai R, Zhou L, Okada S, Tsumura M, Ohnishi H, Kato Z, Kanegane H, Sun X, Zhao X. A Novel Homozygous Mutation Destabilizes IKKβ and Leads to Human Combined Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 11:517544. [PMID: 33658989 PMCID: PMC7917045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.517544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the IKBKB gene cause severe immunodeficiency, characterized clinically by persistent respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Targeted gene panel sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in the IKBKB gene of a patient with immune dysregulation and combined T and B cell functional defects. PBMCs from the patient, Ikbkb Y397H mice, and transfected cells were used to elucidate how the Y395H mutation triggers IKKβ deficiency and impairs immune function. Here, we found that cells from both the patient and Ikbkb Y397H mice lacked or showed decreased levels of IKKβ protein, along with impaired lymphocyte function. IKKα and IKKγ protein expression by human PBMCs harboring the Y395H mutation was normal, but degradation of IKKβ protein was accelerated. Binding of human NF-κB to DNA in patient PBMCs fell upon stimulation with TNF-α or LPS. Additionally, a structural model of Y395H revealed loss of the hydrogen bond with D389. These data suggest that IKBKB deficiency induces abnormal IKKβ protein degradation, leading to impaired NF-κB signaling and immune function. We postulate that the Y395H variant in the IKKβ protein lost the hydrogen bond with D389, thereby affecting interaction between Y395 and D389 and increasing protein instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Structural Medicine, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Department of Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Yi JS, Perla S, Enyenihi L, Bennett AM. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of PZR promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137753. [PMID: 32584792 PMCID: PMC7455087 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that presents with cardio-cutaneous-craniofacial defects. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents the major life-threatening presentation in NSML. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene that encodes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP2, represents the predominant cause of HCM in NSML. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations render SHP2 catalytically inactive with an "open" conformation. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations cause hypertyrosyl phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoprotein, protein zero-related (PZR), resulting in increased SHP2 binding. Here we show that NSML mice harboring a tyrosyl phosphorylation-defective mutant of PZR (NSML/PZRY242F) that is defective for SHP2 binding fail to develop HCM. Enhanced AKT/S6 kinase signaling in heart lysates of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, demonstrating that PZR/SHP2 interactions promote aberrant AKT/S6 kinase activity in NSML. Enhanced PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NSML mice was found to drive myocardial fibrosis by engaging an Src/NF-κB pathway, resulting in increased activation of IL-6. Increased expression of IL-6 in the hearts of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, and PZRY242F mutant fibroblasts were defective for IL-6 secretion and STAT3-mediated fibrogenesis. These results demonstrate that NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations that induce PZR hypertyrosyl phosphorylation trigger pathophysiological signaling that promotes HCM and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anton M. Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Src family kinases and pulmonary fibrosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110183. [PMID: 32388241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases family. They are crucial in signal transduction and regulation of various cell biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The role and mechanism of SFKs in tumorigenesis have been widely studied. However, more and more studies have also shown that SFKs are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Myofibroblasts activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation response are three pivotal pathomechanisms in the development of pulmonary fibrotic disease. In this article, we summarize the roles of SFKs in these biological processes. SFKs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PF, making it a promising molecular target for the treatment of these diseases. We will pay special attention to the role of SFKs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and also emphasize the important findings in other pulmonary fibrotic diseases because their pathological mechanisms are similar. We will then describe the translation results obtained with SFKs inhibitors in basic and clinical studies.
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7
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Haydar D, Cory TJ, Birket SE, Murphy BS, Pennypacker KR, Sinai AP, Feola DJ. Azithromycin Polarizes Macrophages to an M2 Phenotype via Inhibition of the STAT1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1021-1030. [PMID: 31263039 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin is effective at controlling exaggerated inflammation and slowing the long-term decline of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that the drug shifts macrophage polarization toward an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanism of azithromycin through its alteration of signaling via the NF-κB and STAT1 pathways. J774 murine macrophages were plated, polarized (with IFN-γ, IL-4/-13, or with azithromycin plus IFN-γ) and stimulated with LPS. The effect of azithromycin on NF-κB and STAT1 signaling mediators was assessed by Western blot, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay, nuclear translocation assay, and immunofluorescence. The drug's effect on gene and protein expression of arginase was evaluated as a marker of alternative macrophage activation. Azithromycin blocked NF-κB activation by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation, although blunting the degradation of IκBα was due, at least in part, to a decrease in IKKβ kinase activity. A direct correlation was observed between increasing azithromycin concentrations and increased IKKβ protein expression. Moreover, incubation with the IKKβ inhibitor IKK16 decreased arginase expression and activity in azithromycin-treated cells but not in cells treated with IL-4 and IL-13. Importantly, azithromycin treatment also decreased STAT1 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was reversed with IKK16 treatment. We conclude that azithromycin anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve inhibition of the STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways through the drug's effect on p65 nuclear translocation and IKKβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Haydar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Theodore J Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Susan E Birket
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - Anthony P Sinai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David J Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536;
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8
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FAK and Pyk2 activity promote TNF-α and IL-1β-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression and vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7617. [PMID: 31110200 PMCID: PMC6527705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity has been implicated in pro-inflammatory gene expression following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interkeukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation. However, the identity of responsible PTK(s) in cytokine signaling have not been elucidated. To evaluate which PTK is critical to promote the cytokine-induced inflammatory cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs), we have tested pharmacological inhibitors of major PTKs: Src and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family kinases - FAK and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2). We found that a dual inhibitor of FAK/Pyk2 (PF-271) most effectively reduced all three CAMs upon TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation compared to FAK or Src specific inhibitors (PF-228 or Dasatinib), which inhibited only VCAM-1 expression. In vitro inflammation assays showed PF-271 reduced monocyte attachment and transmigration on HAoECs. Furthermore, FAK/Pyk2 activity was not limited to CAM expression but was also required for expression of various pro-inflammatory molecules including MCP-1 and IP-10. Both TNF-α and IL-1β signaling requires FAK/Pyk2 activity to activate ERK and JNK MAPKs leading to inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown of either FAK or Pyk2 reduced TNF-α-stimulated ERK and JNK activation and CAM expression, suggesting that activation of ERK or JNK is specific through FAK and Pyk2. Finally, FAK/Pyk2 activity is required for VCAM-1 expression and macrophage recruitment to the vessel wall in a carotid ligation model in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings define critical roles of FAK/Pyk2 in mediating inflammatory cytokine signaling and implicate FAK/Pyk2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to treat vascular inflammatory disease such as atherosclerosis.
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9
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Lin HC, Li CC, Yang YC, Chiu TH, Liu KL, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographis paniculata diterpenoids and ethanolic extract inhibit TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:157-167. [PMID: 30599895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata), a traditional herb in Southeastern Asia, is used to treat inflammation-mediated diseases. PURPOSE The two major bioactive diterpenoids in A. paniculata are andrographolide (AND) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND). Because of the anti-inflammatory evidence for AND, we hypothesized that deAND might possess similar potency for inhibiting monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, which is a critical event for atherosclerotic lesion formation. MATERIAL In the present study, we used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine cell viability. We evaluated the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using DCFDA assay. We assayed the protein expression by using Western blot analysis, the mRNA expression by using RT-PCR, and the nuclear protein-DNA binding activity by using EMSA. RESULTS We showed that pretreatment of EA.hy926 cells with A. paniculata ethanolic extract (APE), deAND, and AND significantly inhibited TNFα-induced ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression, ICAM-1 promoter activity, and monocyte adhesion. TNFα-stimulated IKKβ phosphorylation, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NFκB nuclear protein-DNA binding activity were attenuated by pretreatment with APE, deAND, and AND. APE, deAND, and AND attenuated TNFα-induced Src phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NOX subunits p47phox and p67phox. Both APE and AND induced protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit and enhanced glutathione content. Pretreatment with AND and deAND inhibited TNFα-induced ROS generation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the mechanism by which APE, deAND, and AND down-regulates TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells is via attenuation of activation of the IKK/IκB/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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10
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NF-κB pathways in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2018; 197:43-56. [PMID: 29550444 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been widely implicated in the development and progression of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), NF-κB has a key role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of NF-κB in CRC is complex, owed to the cross talk with other signaling pathways. Although there is sufficient evidence gained from cell lines and animal models that NF-κB is involved in cancer-related processes, because of a lack of studies in human tissue, the clinical evidence of its importance is limited in patients with CRC. This review summarizes evidence relating to how NF-κB is involved in the development and progression of CRC and comments on future work to be carried out.
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11
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Cobbaut M, Derua R, Döppler H, Lou HJ, Vandoninck S, Storz P, Turk BE, Seufferlein T, Waelkens E, Janssens V, Van Lint J. Differential regulation of PKD isoforms in oxidative stress conditions through phosphorylation of a conserved Tyr in the P+1 loop. Sci Rep 2017; 7:887. [PMID: 28428613 PMCID: PMC5430542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are essential molecules in life and their crucial function requires tight regulation. Many kinases are regulated via phosphorylation within their activation loop. This loop is embedded in the activation segment, which additionally contains the Mg2+ binding loop and a P + 1 loop that is important in substrate binding. In this report, we identify Abl-mediated phosphorylation of a highly conserved Tyr residue in the P + 1 loop of protein kinase D2 (PKD2) during oxidative stress. Remarkably, we observed that the three human PKD isoforms display very different degrees of P + 1 loop Tyr phosphorylation and we identify one of the molecular determinants for this divergence. This is paralleled by a different activation mechanism of PKD1 and PKD2 during oxidative stress. Tyr phosphorylation in the P + 1 loop of PKD2 increases turnover for Syntide-2, while substrate specificity and the role of PKD2 in NF-κB signaling remain unaffected. Importantly, Tyr to Phe substitution renders the kinase inactive, jeopardizing its use as a non-phosphorylatable mutant. Since large-scale proteomics studies identified P + 1 loop Tyr phosphorylation in more than 70 Ser/Thr kinases in multiple conditions, our results do not only demonstrate differential regulation/function of PKD isoforms under oxidative stress, but also have implications for kinase regulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cobbaut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandy Vandoninck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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McSkimming DI, Rasheed K, Kannan N. Classifying kinase conformations using a machine learning approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:86. [PMID: 28152981 PMCID: PMC5290640 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Signaling proteins such as protein kinases adopt a diverse array of conformations to respond to regulatory signals in signaling pathways. Perhaps the most fundamental conformational change of a kinase is the transition between active and inactive states, and defining the conformational features associated with kinase activation is critical for selectively targeting abnormally regulated kinases in diseases. While manual examination of crystal structures have led to the identification of key structural features associated with kinase activation, the large number of kinase crystal structures (~3,500) and extensive conformational diversity displayed by the protein kinase superfamily poses unique challenges in fully defining the conformational features associated with kinase activation. Although some computational approaches have been proposed, they are typically based on a small subset of crystal structures using measurements biased towards the active site geometry. Results We utilize an unbiased informatics based machine learning approach to classify all eukaryotic protein kinase conformations deposited in the PDB. We show that the orientation of the activation segment, measured by φ, ψ, χ1, and pseudo-dihedral angles more accurately classify kinase crystal conformations than existing methods. We show that the formation of the K-E salt bridge is statistically dependent upon the activation segment orientation and identify evolutionary differences between the activation segment conformation of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. We provide evidence that our method can identify conformational changes associated with the binding of allosteric regulatory proteins, and show that the greatest variation in inactive structures comes from kinase group and family specific side chain orientations. Conclusion We have provided the first comprehensive machine learning based classification of protein kinase active/inactive conformations, taking into account more structures and measurements than any previous classification effort. Further, our unbiased classification of inactive structures reveals residues associated with kinase functional specificity. To enable classification of new crystal structures, we have made our classifier publicly accessible through a stand-alone program housed at https://github.com/esbg/kinconform [DOI:10.5281/zenodo.249090]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1506-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Rasheed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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13
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McSkimming DI, Dastgheib S, Baffi TR, Byrne DP, Ferries S, Scott ST, Newton AC, Eyers CE, Kochut KJ, Eyers PA, Kannan N. KinView: a visual comparative sequence analysis tool for integrated kinome research. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3651-3665. [PMID: 27731453 PMCID: PMC5508867 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are a fundamental analysis tool used throughout biology to investigate relationships between protein sequence, structure, function, evolutionary history, and patterns of disease-associated variants. However, their widespread application in systems biology research is currently hindered by the lack of user-friendly tools to simultaneously visualize, manipulate and query the information conceptualized in large sequence alignments, and the challenges in integrating MSAs with multiple orthogonal data such as cancer variants and post-translational modifications, which are often stored in heterogeneous data sources and formats. Here, we present the Multiple Sequence Alignment Ontology (MSAOnt), which represents a profile or consensus alignment in an ontological format. Subsets of the alignment are easily selected through the SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language for downstream statistical analysis or visualization. We have also created the Kinome Viewer (KinView), an interactive integrative visualization that places eukaryotic protein kinase cancer variants in the context of natural sequence variation and experimentally determined post-translational modifications, which play central roles in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Using KinView, we identified differential phosphorylation patterns between tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases in the activation segment, a major kinase regulatory region that is often mutated in proliferative diseases. We discuss cancer variants that disrupt phosphorylation sites in the activation segment, and show how KinView can be used as a comparative tool to identify differences and similarities in natural variation, cancer variants and post-translational modifications between kinase groups, families and subfamilies. Based on KinView comparisons, we identify and experimentally characterize a regulatory tyrosine (Y177PLK4) in the PLK4 C-terminal activation segment region termed the P+1 loop. To further demonstrate the application of KinView in hypothesis generation and testing, we formulate and validate a hypothesis explaining a novel predicted loss-of-function variant (D523NPKCβ) in the regulatory spine of PKCβ, a recently identified tumor suppressor kinase. KinView provides a novel, extensible interface for performing comparative analyses between subsets of kinases and for integrating multiple types of residue specific annotations in user friendly formats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Dastgheib
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy R Baffi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Ferries
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Thomas Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexandra C Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Kochut
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Drube S, Weber F, Göpfert C, Loschinski R, Rothe M, Boelke F, Diamanti MA, Löhn T, Ruth J, Schütz D, Häfner N, Greten FR, Stumm R, Hartmann K, Krämer OH, Dudeck A, Kamradt T. TAK1 and IKK2, novel mediators of SCF-induced signaling and potential targets for c-Kit-driven diseases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28833-50. [PMID: 26353931 PMCID: PMC4745695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB activation depends on the IKK complex consisting of the catalytically active IKK1 and 2 subunits and the scaffold protein NEMO. Hitherto, IKK2 activation has always been associated with IκBα degradation, NF-κB activation, and cytokine production. In contrast, we found that in SCF-stimulated primary bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), IKK2 is alternatively activated. Mechanistically, activated TAK1 mediates the association between c-Kit and IKK2 and therefore facilitates the Lyn-dependent IKK2 activation which suffices to mediate mitogenic signaling but, surprisingly, does not result in NF-κB activation. Moreover, the c-Kit-mediated and Lyn-dependent IKK2 activation is targeted by MyD88-dependent pathways leading to enhanced IKK2 activation and therefore to potentiated effector functions. In neoplastic cells, expressing constitutively active c-Kit mutants, activated TAK1 and IKKs do also not induce NF-κB activation but mediate uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and enables IL-33 to mediate c-Kit-dependent signaling. Together, we identified the formation of the c-Kit-Lyn-TAK1 signalosome which mediates IKK2 activation. Unexpectedly, this IKK activation is uncoupled from the NF-κB-machinery but is critical to modulate functional cell responses in primary-, and mediates uncontrolled proliferation and survival of tumor-mast cells. Therefore, targeting TAK1 and IKKs might be a novel approach to treat c-Kit-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Drube
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Romy Loschinski
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mandy Rothe
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Boelke
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michaela A Diamanti
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Löhn
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Ruth
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schütz
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Gynäkologische Molekularbiologie, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumorbiology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institut für Toxikologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
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15
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Zhao HF, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Dietary choline regulates antibacterial activity, inflammatory response and barrier function in the gills of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:139-150. [PMID: 26988287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of choline (197-1795 mg/kg) on antibacterial properties, inflammatory status and barrier function in the gills of grass carp. The results showed that optimal dietary choline supplementation significantly improved lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement component 3 (C3) content, and the liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and Hepcidin mRNA levels in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). In addition, appropriate dietary choline significantly decreased the oxidative damage, which might be partly due to increase copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and increased glutathione content in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). Moreover, appropriate dietary choline significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1, Zonula occludens 1, Occludin, Claudin-b, c, 3 and 12, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GST and NF-E2-related factor 2 in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). Conversely, appropriate dietary choline significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 8, interferon γ, interleukin 1β, and related signaling factors, nuclear factor kappa B p65, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ, myosin light chain kinase and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a) in the gills of fish (P < 0.05). However, choline did not have a significant effect on the mRNA levels of IκB kinase α, Claudin-15 and Keap1b in the gills of fish. Collectively, appropriate dietary choline levels improved gill antibacterial properties and relative gene expression levels of tight junction proteins, and decreased inflammatory status, as well as up-regulated the mRNA levels of related signaling molecules in the gills of fish. Based on gill C3 content and AHR activity, the dietary choline requirements for young grass carp (266.5-787.1 g) were estimated to be 1191.0 and 1555.0 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fu Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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16
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Zhang Z, Sun T, Niu JG, He ZQ, Liu Y, Wang F. Amentoflavone protects hippocampal neurons: anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1125-33. [PMID: 26330838 PMCID: PMC4541246 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone is a natural biflavone compound with many biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. We presumed that amentoflavone exerts a neuroprotective effect in epilepsy models. Prior to model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 25 mg/kg amentoflavone for 3 consecutive days. Amentoflavone effectively prevented pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in a mouse kindling model, suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation and expression, inhibited excessive discharge of hippocampal neurons resulting in a reduction in epileptic seizures, shortened attack time, and diminished loss and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Results suggested that amentoflavone protected hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mice via anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis, and then effectively prevented the occurrence of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Quan He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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17
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Antagonistic effects of acetylshikonin on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in BV2 microglial cells via inhibition of ROS/PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB signaling and activation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:975-86. [PMID: 26091627 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although acetylshikonin (ACS) is known to have antioxidant and antitumor activities, whether ACS regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells remains unclear. In this study, it was found that ACS isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in BV2 microglial cells. Furthermore, ACS reduced the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and subsequently suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression. Consistent with these data, ACS attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and suppressed the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, ACS enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Zinc protoporphyrin, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, partially attenuated the antagonistic effects of ACS on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production. By contrast, the presence of cobalt protoporphyrin, a specific HO-1 inducer, potently suppressed LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production. These data indicate that ACS downregulates proinflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 by suppressing PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB activity induced by ROS as well as inducing Nrf2-dependent HO-1 activity. Taken together, ACS might be a good candidate to regulate LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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18
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Esposito E, Sticozzi C, Ravani L, Drechsler M, Muresan XM, Cervellati F, Cortesi R, Valacchi G. Effect of new curcumin-containing nanostructured lipid dispersions on human keratinocytes proliferative responses. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:449-54. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Laura Ravani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Macromolecular Chemistry II; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
| | - Ximena M. Muresan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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19
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Min JK, Lee CH, Jang SE, Park JW, Lim SJ, Kim DH, Bae H, Kim HJ, Cha JM. Amelioration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by liquiritigenin. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:858-65. [PMID: 25311527 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The anti-inflammatory effects of liquiritigenin, a major flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhizae uralensis, have been reported in many inflammation models. However, its protective effects have not been reported in a colitis model. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of liquiritigenin for trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Male mice imprinting control regions (ICR) were randomly divided into five groups: normal, TNBS-induced colitis, colitis treated with liquiritigenin at low dose (10 mg/kg) and high dose (20 mg/kg), or mesalazine (10 mg/kg). TNBS colitis induction was performed except for in the normal group, and they were treated with liquiritigenin or mesalazine except control group. The treatment effect was measured after three days treatment, by body weight, colon length, macroscopic score, histological score, levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in colon tissue as well as the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer pathway of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. RESULTS Mice treated with high-dose liquiritigenin showed significant body weight gain, inhibition of colon shortening, protective effect on histological damages, and myeloperoxidase activity of colon tissue compared with the control group. Furthermore, mice treated with high-dose liquiritigenin experienced significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as enhanced IL-10 expression (all P < 0.05). High-dose liquiritigenin treatment group showed significant decreases in TNBS-induced phosphorylation of IKKβ, p65, and IκB-α. CONCLUSION Liquiritigenin may ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Domith I, Oliveira NA, Coreixas VSM, Loiola EC, Martins T, Santiago AR, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. c-Src function is necessary and sufficient for triggering microglial cell activation. Glia 2014; 63:497-511. [PMID: 25421817 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Their function is essential for neuronal tissue homeostasis. After inflammatory stimuli, microglial cells become activated changing from a resting and highly ramified cell shape to an amoeboid-like morphology. These morphological changes are associated with the release of proinflammatory cytokines and glutamate, as well as with high phagocytic activity. The acquisition of such phenotype has been associated with activation of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, including those of the Src family (SFKs). In this study, using both in vivo and in vitro inflammation models coupled to FRET-based time-lapse microscopy, lentiviruses-mediated shRNA delivery and genetic gain-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that among SFKs c-Src function is necessary and sufficient for triggering microglia proinflammatory signature, glutamate release, microglia-induced neuronal loss, and phagocytosis. c-Src inhibition in retinal neuroinflammation experimental paradigms consisting of intravitreal injection of LPS or ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly reduced microglia activation changing their morphology to a more resting phenotype and prevented neuronal apoptosis. Our data demonstrate an essential role for c-Src in microglial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Zhang P, Goodrich C, Fu C, Dong C. Melanoma upregulates ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells through engagement of tumor CD44 with endothelial E-selectin and activation of a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway. FASEB J 2014; 28:4591-609. [PMID: 25138157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis involves multistep adhesive interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment remain elusive. Using static and flow coculture systems in conjunction with flow cytometry, we discovered that certain receptors on the ECs are upregulated on melanoma cell adhesion. Direct contact but not separate coculture between human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a human melanoma cell line (Lu1205) increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression on HUVECs by 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with HUVECs alone. The nonmetastatic cell line WM35 failed to promote ICAM-1 expression changes in HUVECs on contact. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that EC-TC contact has a synergistic effect on the expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and growth-related oncogene α (Gro-α). By using E-selectin cross-linking and beads coated with CD44 immunopurified from Lu1205 cells, we showed that CD44/selectin ligation was responsible for the ICAM-1 up-regulation on HUVECs. Protein kinase Cα (PKC-α) activation was found to be the downstream target of the CD44/selectin-initiated signaling, as ICAM-1 elevation was inhibited by siRNA targeting PKCα or a dominant negative form of PKCα (PKCα DN). Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that TC-EC contact mediated p38 phosphorylation and binding of the transcription factor SP-1 to its regulation site. In conclusion, CD44/selectin binding signals ICAM-1 up-regulation on the EC surface through a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway, which further enhances melanoma cell adhesion to ECs during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Goodrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Dilshara MG, Park SR, Choi YH, Hyun JW, Chang WY, Kim GY. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses TNF-α induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor by suppressing the Akt-dependent NF-κB pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:751-8. [PMID: 24613819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanism through which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various types of cancer cells. We found that treatment with GA reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced Matrigel invasion with few cytotoxic effects. Our findings also showed that MMP-9 and VEGF expression increases in response to TNF-α; however, GA reverses their expression. In addition, GA inhibited inhibitory factor kappa B degradation, sustained nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits, p65 and p50, in the cytosol compartments, and consequently suppressed the TNF-α-induced DNA-binding activity and luciferase activity of NF-κB. Specific NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, MG132, and PS-1145, also attenuated TNF-α-mediated MMP-9 and VEGF expression as well as activity by suppressing their regulatory genes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of TNF-α-induced phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt was significantly downregulated in the presence of GA accompanying with the inhibition of NF-κB activity, and as presumed, the specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased MMP-9 and VEGF expression as well as activity. These results suggest that GA operates as a potential anti-invasive agent by downregulating MMP-9 and VEGF via inhibition of PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB activity. Taken together, GA might be an effective anti-invasive agent by suppressing PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matharage Gayani Dilshara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Rul Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Li L, Chen W, Liang Y, Ma H, Li W, Zhou Z, Li J, Ding Y, Ren J, Lin J, Han F, Wu J, Han J. The Gβγ-Src signaling pathway regulates TNF-induced necroptosis via control of necrosome translocation. Cell Res 2014; 24:417-32. [PMID: 24513853 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of multi-component signaling complex necrosomes is essential for tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-induced programmed necrosis (also called necroptosis). However, the mechanisms of necroptosis are still largely unknown. We isolated a TNF-resistant L929 mutant cell line generated by retrovirus insertion and identified that disruption of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein γ 10 (Gγ10) gene is responsible for this phenotype. We further show that Gγ10 is involved in TNF-induced necroptosis and Gβ2 is the partner of Gγ10. Src is the downstream effector of Gβ2γ10 in TNF-induced necroptosis because TNF-induced Src activation was impaired upon Gγ10 knockdown. Gγ10 does not affect TNF-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs and the formation of necrosomes, but is required for trafficking of necrosomes to their potential functioning site, an unidentified subcellular organelle that can be fractionated into heterotypic membrane fractions. The TNF-induced Gβγ-Src signaling pathway is independent of RIP1/RIP3 kinase activity and necrosome formation, but is required for the necrosome to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaoji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Felicia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Schneeberger VE, Luetteke N, Ren Y, Berns H, Chen L, Foroutan P, Martinez GV, Haura EB, Chen J, Coppola D, Wu J. SHP2E76K mutant promotes lung tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1717-25. [PMID: 24480804 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major disease carrying heterogeneous molecular lesions and many of them remain to be analyzed functionally in vivo. Gain-of-function (GOF) SHP2 (PTPN11) mutations have been found in various types of human cancer, including lung cancer. However, the role of activating SHP2 mutants in lung cancer has not been established. We generated transgenic mice containing a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible activating SHP2 mutant (tetO-SHP2(E76K)) and analyzed the role of SHP2(E76K) in lung tumorigenesis in the Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP)-reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA)/tetO-SHP2(E76K) bitransgenic mice. SHP2(E76K) activated Erk1/Erk2 (Erk1/2) and Src, and upregulated c-Myc and Mdm2 in the lungs of bitransgenic mice. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and small adenomas were observed in CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2(E76K) bitransgenic mice induced with Dox for 2-6 months and progressed to larger adenoma and adenocarcinoma by 9 months. Dox withdrawal from bitransgenic mice bearing magnetic resonance imaging-detectable lung tumors resulted in tumor regression. These results show that the activating SHP2 mutant promotes lung tumorigenesis and that the SHP2 mutant is required for tumor maintenance in this mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer. SHP2(E76K) was associated with Gab1 in the lung of transgenic mice. Elevated pGab1 was observed in the lung of Dox-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2(E76K) mice and in cell lines expressing SHP2(E76K), indicating that the activating SHP2 mutant autoregulates tyrosine phosphorylation of its own docking protein. Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is sensitive to inhibition by the Src inhibitor dasatinib in GOF SHP2-mutant-expressing cells, suggesting that Src family kinases are involved in SHP2 mutant-induced Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida
| | | | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | | | - Eric B Haura
- Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
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25
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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26
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Xie X, Lan T, Chang X, Huang K, Huang J, Wang S, Chen C, Shen X, Liu P, Huang H. Connexin43 mediates NF-κB signalling activation induced by high glucose in GMCs: involvement of c-Src. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:38. [PMID: 23718910 PMCID: PMC3699363 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy. Altered expression of connexin43 (Cx43) has been found in kidneys of diabetic animals. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of Cx43 in the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and to determine whether c-Src is involved in this process. Results We found that downregulation of Cx43 expression induced by high glucose activated NF-κB in GMCs. Orverexpression of Cx43 attenuated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by high glucose. High glucose inhibited the interaction between Cx43 and c-Src, and enhanced the interaction between c-Src and IκB-α. PP2, a c-Src inhibitor, also inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by high glucose. Furthermore, overexpression of Cx43 or inhibition of c-Src attenuated the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) expression induced by high glucose. Conclusions In conclusion, downregulation of Cx43 in GMCs induced by high glucose activates c-Src, which in turn promotes interaction between c-Src and IκB-α and contributes to NF-κB activation in GMCs, leading to renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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27
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Yen FL, Tsai MH, Yang CM, Liang CJ, Lin CC, Chiang YC, Lee HC, Ko HH, Lee CW. Curcumin nanoparticles ameliorate ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α-treated lung epithelial cells through p47 (phox) and MAPKs/AP-1 pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63845. [PMID: 23671702 PMCID: PMC3650060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) involves adhesions between both circulating and resident leukocytes and the human lung epithelial cells during lung inflammatory reactions. We have previously demonstrated that curcumin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles (CURN) improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of curcumin in hepatocytes. In this study, we focused on the effects of CURN on the expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-α-treated lung epithelial cells and compared these to the effects of curcumin water preparation (CURH). TNF-αinduced ICAM-1 expression, ROS production, and cell-cell adhesion were significantly attenuated by the pretreatment with antioxidants (DPI, APO, or NAC) and CURN, but not by CURH, as revealed by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, promoter assay, and ROS detection and adhesion assay. In addition, treatment of TNF-α-treated cells with CURN and antioxidants also resulted in an inhibition of activation of p47 (phox) and phosphorylation of MAPKs, as compared to that using CURH. Our findings also suggest that phosphorylation of MAPKs may eventually lead to the activation of transcription factors. We also observed that the effects of TNF-α treatment for 30 min, which includes a significant increase in the binding activity of AP-1 and phosphorylation of c-jun and c-fos genes, were reduced by CURN treatment. In vivo studies have revealed that CURN improved the anti-inflammation activities of CURH in the lung epithelial cells of TNF-α-treated mice. Our results indicate that curcumin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles may potentially serve as an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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28
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Duan M, Yao H, Hu G, Chen X, Lund AK, Buch S. HIV Tat induces expression of ICAM-1 in HUVECs: implications for miR-221/-222 in HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60170. [PMID: 23555914 PMCID: PMC3610892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac involvement is a well-documented complication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Previous studies have demonstrated increased adhesion of monocytes to human vascular endothelial cells in HIV-infected individuals. HIV Tat protein, which is the transactivator of transcription (Tat), plays a key role in activating endothelial cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that exposure of HUVECs to HIV Tat protein resulted in induced expression of cell adhesion molecules specifically ICAM-1, leading to increased adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium. This effect of Tat was mediated through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and downstream transcription factor NF-κB. Increased expression of ICAM-1 was regulated by microRNA (miRNA) miR-221 and to some extent by miR-222, both of which are known to target ICAM-1. Functional inhibition of the respective miRNAs with anti-miR oligonucleotides resulted in induction of ICAM-1 protein in HUVECs. Furthermore, Tat-stimulated regulation of ICAM-1 via miR-221/-222 involved the NF-kB-dependent pathway. Functional implication and specificity of up-regulated ICAM-1 was confirmed using the ICAM-1 neutralizing antibody in the in vitro cell adhesion assays. These findings were further confirmed in vivo using the HIV transgenic (Tg) rats. These animals not only demonstrated increased expression of ICAM-1 mRNA, with a concomitant reduction in the expression of miR-221 in the aorta and heart, but also had increased expression of the ICAM-1 protein that was predominantly in the endothelial cell layer. Taken together, these findings implicate that Tat-mediated induction of ICAM-1 expression plays a critical role in monocyte adhesion observed in HIV-1-associated cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Duan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - XianMing Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Amie K. Lund
- Cardiopulmonary and Environmental Toxicology Department, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Roots of Erigeron annuus Attenuate Acute Inflammation as Mediated with the Inhibition of NF- κ B-Associated Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 production. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:297427. [PMID: 23533473 PMCID: PMC3595701 DOI: 10.1155/2013/297427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Erigeron annuus is a naturalized plant belonging to Compositae (asteraceae) family, which is called the annual fleabane, and commonly found at meadows and roadside. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of E. annuus roots (EER), as assessed by the paw edema formation and histological analysis in rat, and the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 murine macrophages. Carrageenan treatment promoted infiltration of inflammatory cells and caused swelling in the hind paw. Oral administrations of EER (0.3 g/kg and 1 g/kg) attenuated acute inflammation similar to the result using dexamethasone (1 mg/kg). Treatment of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulated inflammatory condition: LPS significantly increased the productions of NO, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines. EER suppressed activation of macrophages, preventing the induction of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions. LPS treatment induced phosphorylation of I- κ B α and increased the level of nuclear NF- κ B protein, both of which were suppressed by concomitant treatment of EER. In conclusion, EER ameliorated acute inflammation in rats, and the induction of NO, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 cells. EER's effects may be associated with its inhibition of NF- κ B activation, suggesting its effect on inflammatory diseases.
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30
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Zhang P, Liu X, Li Y, Zhu X, Zhan Z, Meng J, Li N, Cao X. Protein tyrosine phosphatase with proline-glutamine-serine-threonine-rich motifs negatively regulates TLR-triggered innate responses by selectively inhibiting IκB kinase β/NF-κB activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1685-94. [PMID: 23296707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TLRs are essential for sensing the invading pathogens and initiating protective immune responses. However, aberrant activation of TLR-triggered inflammatory innate responses leads to the inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanisms that fine-tune TLR responses remain to be fully elucidated. Protein tyrosine phosphatase with proline-glutamine-serine-threonine-rich motifs (PTP-PEST) has been shown to be important in cell adhesion, migration, and also T cell and B cell activation. However, the roles of PTP-PEST in TLR-triggered immune response remain unclear. In this study, we report that PTP-PEST expression was upregulated in macrophages by TLR ligands. PTP-PEST inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β production in macrophages triggered by TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. Overexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of PTP-PEST abolished the inhibitory effects, indicating that PTP-PEST inhibits TLR response in a phosphatase-dependent manner. Accordingly, PTP-PEST knockdown increased TLR3, -4, and -9-triggered proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production. PTP-PEST selectively inhibited TLR-induced NF-κB activation, whereas it had no substantial effect on MAPK and IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. Moreover, PTP-PEST directly interacted with IκB kinase β (IKKβ) then inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation at Ser(177/181) and Tyr(188/199), and subsequently suppressed IKKβ activation and kinase activity as well as downstream NF-κB activation, resulting in suppression of the TLR-triggered innate immune response. Thus, PTP-PEST functions as a feedback-negative regulator of TLR-triggered innate immune responses by selectively impairing IKKβ/NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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31
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Lubchenko GA. FLUORESCENT PROTEINS USING FOR LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION ASSAYING. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech6.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Heng MCY. Signaling pathways targeted by curcumin in acute and chronic injury: burns and photo-damaged skin. Int J Dermatol 2012; 52:531-43. [PMID: 23231506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylase kinase (PhK) is a unique enzyme in which the spatial arrangements of the specificity determinants can be manipulated to allow the enzyme to recognize substrates of different specificities. In this way, PhK is capable of transferring high energy phosphate bonds from ATP to serine/threonine and tyrosine moieties in serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases, thus playing a key role in the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Phosphorylase kinase is released within five minutes following injury and is responsible for activating inflammatory pathways in injury-activated scarring following burns. In photo-damaged skin, PhK plays an important role in promoting photocarcinogenesis through activation of NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways with inhibition of apoptosis of photo-damaged cells, thus promoting the survival of precancerous cells and allowing for subsequent tumor transformation. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the spice, turmeric, is a selective and non-competitive PhK inhibitor. By inhibition of PhK, curcumin targets multiple PhK-dependent pathways, with salutary effects on a number of skin diseases induced by injury. In this paper, we show that curcumin gel produces rapid healing of burns, with little or no residual scarring. Curcumin gel is also beneficial in the repair of photo-damaged skin, including pigmentary changes, solar elastosis, thinning of the skin with telangiectasia (actinic poikiloderma), and premalignant lesions such as actinic keratoses, dysplastic nevi, and advanced solar lentigines, but the repair process takes many months.
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Sohn KH, Jo MJ, Cho WJ, Lee JR, Cho IJ, Kim SC, Kim YW, Jee SY. Bojesodok-eum, a Herbal Prescription, Ameliorates Acute Inflammation in Association with the Inhibition of NF-κB-Mediated Nitric Oxide and ProInflammatory Cytokine Production. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:457370. [PMID: 23093981 PMCID: PMC3472669 DOI: 10.1155/2012/457370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bojesodok-eum (BSE) is a herbal prescription consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix as main components. This paper investigated the effects of BSE on the induction of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and proinflammatory cytokines that are caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophage cell line and on the paw edema formation in animals. Administration of BSE (0.3 g/kg and 1 g/kg) in rats significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema formation, as did dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory positive control drug. In cell model, treatment of BSE decreased the production of NO and PGE(2) in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. BSE also inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein as well as COX activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, BSE suppressed the ability of LPS to produce TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. LPS treatment induced nuclear NF-κB level and I-κBα phosphorylation, which were inhibited subsequent treatment of BSE, suggesting its repression of LPS-inducible NF-κB activation. BSE abrogated the induction of NO, PGE(2), and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS as mediated with NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Ho Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Jo
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation and College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rok Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Kyung-San, Kyung-buk 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation and College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation and College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation and College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
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Lim ST, Miller NLG, Chen XL, Tancioni I, Walsh CT, Lawson C, Uryu S, Weis SM, Cheresh DA, Schlaepfer DD. Nuclear-localized focal adhesion kinase regulates inflammatory VCAM-1 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:907-19. [PMID: 22734001 PMCID: PMC3384409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinase-inhibited FAK limits VCAM-1 production via nuclear localization and promotion of GATA4 turnover. Vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 (VCAM-1) plays important roles in development and inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are key regulators of inflammatory and integrin–matrix signaling, respectively. Integrin costimulatory signals modulate inflammatory gene expression, but the important control points between these pathways remain unresolved. We report that pharmacological FAK inhibition prevented TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 expression within heart vessel–associated endothelial cells in vivo, and genetic or pharmacological FAK inhibition blocked VCAM-1 expression during development. FAK signaling facilitated TNF-α–induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and, surprisingly, FAK inhibition resulted in the loss of the GATA4 transcription factor required for TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 production. FAK inhibition also triggered FAK nuclear localization. In the nucleus, the FAK-FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology) domain bound directly to GATA4 and enhanced its CHIP (C terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) E3 ligase–dependent polyubiquitination and degradation. These studies reveal new developmental and anti-inflammatory roles for kinase-inhibited FAK in limiting VCAM-1 production via nuclear localization and promotion of GATA4 turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssang-Taek Lim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California-San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Abstract
Wound healing in adult skin, a complex process involving many cell types and processes such as epidermal, fibroblastic, and endothelial cell proliferation, cell migration, matrix synthesis, and wound contraction, almost invariably results in scar tissue formation and wound induration. Unlike in adult skin, wound healing in embryos involves repair processes that result in the essentially perfect regeneration of damaged tissue. This paper discusses key mechanisms that lead to scar tissue formation in adult human skin and treatment modalities, including curcumin gel, that may result in essentially perfect skin regeneration following surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene C Y Heng
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kang CH, Choi YH, Park SY, Kim GY. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract of Codium fragile in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:44-50. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Kang
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Park
- OTTOGI Research Institute, OTTOGI Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Maa MC, Leu TH. Activation of Toll-like receptors induces macrophage migration via the iNOS/Src/FAK pathway. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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38
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Kalia M, Kukol A. Structure and dynamics of the kinase IKK-β--A key regulator of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. J Struct Biol 2011; 176:133-42. [PMID: 21820058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor κB kinase-β (IKK-β) phosphorylates the NF-κB inhibitor protein IκB leading to the translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB to the nucleus. The transcription factor NF-κB and consequently IKK-β are central to signal transduction pathways of mammalian cells. The purpose of this research was to develop a 3D structural model of the IKK-β kinase domain with its ATP cofactor and investigate its dynamics and ligand binding potential. Through a combination of comparative modelling and simulated heating/annealing molecular dynamics (SAMD) simulation in explicit water the model accuracy could be substantially improved compared to comparative modelling on its own as shown by model validation measures. The structure revealed the details of ATP/Mg(2+) binding indicating hydrophobic interactions with the adenine base and a significant contribution of Mg(2+) as a bridge between ATP phosphate groups and negatively charged side chains. The molecular dynamics trajectories of the ATP-bound and free enzyme showed two conformations in each case, which contributed to the majority of the trajectory. The ATP-free enzyme revealed a novel binding site distant from the ATP binding site that was not encountered in the ATP bound enzyme. Based on the overall structural flexibility, it is suggested that a truncated version of the kinase domain from Ala14 to Leu265 should be subjected to crystallisation trials. The 3D structure of this enzyme will enable rational design of new ligands and analysis of protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, our results may provide a new impetus for wet-lab based structural investigation focussing on a truncated kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishikha Kalia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
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Cocaine hijacks σ1 receptor to initiate induction of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: implication for increased monocyte adhesion and migration in the CNS. J Neurosci 2011; 31:5942-55. [PMID: 21508219 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5618-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated increase in monocyte adhesion and trafficking is exacerbated by cocaine abuse. The underlying mechanisms involve cocaine-mediated upregulation of adhesion molecules with subsequent disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, a novel activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) has been implicated in leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium. We now show that upregulation of ALCAM in the brain endothelium seen in HIV(+)/cocaine drug abusers paralleled increased CD68 immunostaining compared with HIV(+)/no cocaine or uninfected controls, suggesting the important role of ALCAM in promoting leukocyte infiltration across the BBB. Furthermore, ALCAM expression was increased in cocaine-treated mice with concomitant increase in monocyte adhesion and transmigration in vivo, which was ameliorated by pretreating with the neutralizing antibody to ALCAM, lending additional support to the role of ALCAM. This new concept was further confirmed by in vitro experiments. Cocaine-mediated induction of ALCAM in human brain microvascular endothelial cells through the translocation of σ receptor to the plasma membrane, followed by phosphorylation of PDGF-β (platelet-derived growth factor-β) receptor. Downstream activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Akt, and NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) pathways resulted in induced expression of ALCAM. Functional implication of upregulated ALCAM was confirmed using cell adhesion and transmigration assays. Neutralizing antibody to ALCAM ameliorated this effect. Together, these findings implicate cocaine-mediated induction of ALCAM as a mediator of increased monocyte adhesion/transmigration into the CNS.
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40
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Brady RRW, Loveridge CJ, Dunlop MG, Stark LA. c-Src dependency of NSAID-induced effects on NF-κB-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1069-77. [PMID: 21551129 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term aspirin or related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ingestion can protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). NSAIDs have a pro-apoptotic activity and we have shown that stimulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway is a key component of this pro-apoptotic effect. However, the upstream pathways have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that aspirin activates the c-Src tyrosine kinase pathway in CRC cells. We show that c-Src activation occurs in a time- and dose-dependent manner, preceding aspirin-mediated degradation of IκBα, nuclear/nucleolar translocation of NF-κB/RelA and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Src activity, by chemical inhibition or expression of a kinase dead form of the protein abrogates aspirin-mediated degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of RelA and apoptosis, suggesting a causal link. Expression of constitutively active c-Src mimics aspirin-induced stimulation of the NF-κB pathway. The NSAIDs sulindac, sulindac sulphone and indomethacin all similarly activate a c-Src-dependent NF-κB and apoptotic response. These data provide compelling evidence that c-Src is an upstream mediator of aspirin/NSAID effects on NF-κB signalling and apoptosis in CRC cells and have relevance to the development of future chemotherapeutic/chemopreventative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R W Brady
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Mima A, Abe H, Nagai K, Arai H, Matsubara T, Araki M, Torikoshi K, Tominaga T, Iehara N, Fukatsu A, Kita T, Doi T. Activation of Src mediates PDGF-induced Smad1 phosphorylation and contributes to the progression of glomerulosclerosis in glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17929. [PMID: 21445358 PMCID: PMC3062564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays critical roles in mesangial cell (MC) proliferation in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. We showed previously that Smad1 contributes to PDGF-dependent proliferation of MCs, but the mechanism by which Smad1 is activated by PDGF is not precisely known. Here we examined the role of c-Src tyrosine kinase in the proliferative change of MCs. Experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Thy1 GN) was induced by a single intravenous injection of anti-rat Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody. In Thy1 GN, MC proliferation and type IV collagen (Col4) expression peaked on day 6. Immunohistochemical staining for the expression of phospho-Src (pSrc), phospho-Smad1 (pSmad1), Col4, and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) revealed that the activation of c-Src and Smad1 signals in glomeruli peaked on day 6, consistent with the peak of mesangial proliferation. When treated with PP2, a Src inhibitor, both mesangial proliferation and sclerosis were significantly reduced. PP2 administration also significantly reduced pSmad1, Col4, and SMA expression. PDGF induced Col4 synthesis in association with increased expression of pSrc and pSmad1 in cultured MCs. In addition, PP2 reduced Col4 synthesis along with decreased pSrc and pSmad1 protein expression in vitro. Moreover, the addition of siRNA against c-Src significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Smad1 and the overproduction of Col4. These results provide new evidence that the activation of Src/Smad1 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of glomerulosclerosis in experimental glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mima
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideharu Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kojiro Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Araki
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Torikoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tominaga
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iehara
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Kakiashvili E, Dan Q, Vandermeer M, Zhang Y, Waheed F, Pham M, Szászi K. The epidermal growth factor receptor mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in tubular epithelium. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9268-79. [PMID: 21212278 PMCID: PMC3059019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces cytoskeleton and intercellular junction remodeling in tubular epithelial cells; the underlying mechanisms, however, are incompletely explored. We have previously shown that ERK-mediated stimulation of the RhoA GDP/GTP exchange factor GEF-H1/Lfc is critical for TNF-α-induced RhoA stimulation. Here we investigated the upstream mechanisms of ERK/GEF-H1 activation. Surprisingly, TNF-α-induced ERK and RhoA stimulation in tubular cells were prevented by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition or silencing. TNF-α also enhanced phosphorylation of the EGFR. EGF treatment mimicked the effects of TNF-α, as it elicited potent, ERK-dependent GEF-H1 and RhoA activation. Moreover, EGF-induced RhoA activation was prevented by GEF-H1 silencing, indicating that GEF-H1 is a key downstream effector of the EGFR. The TNF-α-elicited EGFR, ERK, and RhoA stimulation were mediated by the TNF-α convertase enzyme (TACE) that can release EGFR ligands. Further, EGFR transactivation also required the tyrosine kinase Src, as Src inhibition prevented TNF-α-induced activation of the EGFR/ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway. Importantly, a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and electric cell substrate impedance-sensing (ECIS) measurements revealed that TNF-α stimulated cell growth in an EGFR-dependent manner. In contrast, TNF-α-induced NFκB activation was not prevented by EGFR or Src inhibition, suggesting that TNF-α exerts both EGFR-dependent and -independent effects. In summary, in the present study we show that the TNF-α-induced activation of the ERK/GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in tubular cells is mediated through Src- and TACE-dependent EGFR activation. Such a mechanism could couple inflammatory and proliferative stimuli and, thus, may play a key role in the regulation of wound healing and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Kakiashvili
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Matthew Vandermeer
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Faiza Waheed
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Monica Pham
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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Rieke C, Papendieck A, Sokolova O, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IKKβ contributes to NF-κB activation. Biol Chem 2011; 392:387-93. [PMID: 21294676 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, the etiological agent of several human gastric diseases, induces the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in colonized epithelial cells leading to the release of proinflammatory mediators. Activation of NF-κB involves the IκB kinase (IKK)-complex composed of two catalytic subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, and a regulatory scaffold protein, IKKγ. IKKβ was shown to be essential for NF-κB activation in response to a variety of stimuli including H. pylori. In addition to the phosphorylation of serine residues, tyrosine phosphorylation could be crucial for IKKβ activation. Here we provide evidence that IKKβ phosphorylation is induced in lipid rafts (DRM fractions) of H. pylori-infected cells, but not TNFα-stimulated cells. Furthermore, H. pylori transiently induces binding of IKKβ to c-Src kinase. Inhibition of c-Src by specific inhibitors as well as knockdown of c-Src by small interfering RNA reduced phosphorylation of IκBα as well as of p65. Thus, tyrosine-phosphorylated IKKβ contributes at least in part to NF-κB activation in response to H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rieke
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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44
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Moon DO, Choi YH, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Kim GY. Gossypol decreases tumor necrosis factor-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression via suppression of NF-κB activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:999-1005. [PMID: 21223991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gossypol is a yellowish polyphenolic compound originally from cotton plant, which has been shown to exert a potential for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its molecular mechanism is not thoroughly understood on breast cancer cells known to highly express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) for their adhesion and metastasis. This study aims to investigate the effect of gossypol on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated ICAM-1 via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Gossypol was shown to inhibit TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and U937 cell adhesion to MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Additionally, TNF-α-induced MDA-MB-231 cell invasion was blocked in the presence of gossypol. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that gossypol blocks NF-κB binding on the ICAM-1 promoter regions. Additionally, TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation was completely suppressed in the presence of gossypol. Gossypol did not directly suppress the binding of NF-κB to the DNA but rather inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 via phosphorylation and degradation of IκB. We also found that gossypol suppresses NF-κB activation induced by a wide variety of agents, including taxol, okadaic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Taken together, gossypol effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression via the suppression of NF-κB activation and in vitro adhesion and invasion in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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45
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Mitra PS, Basu NK, Basu M, Chakraborty S, Saha T, Owens IS. Regulated phosphorylation of a major UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozyme by tyrosine kinases dictates endogenous substrate selection for detoxification. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1639-48. [PMID: 21056984 PMCID: PMC3020772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.165126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 is widely distributed in different tissues, it preferentially detoxifies genotoxic 4-OH-estradiol and 4-OH-estrone (4-OHE(1)) with barely detectable 17β-estradiol (E(2)) conversion following expression in COS-1 cells. Consistent with the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase requirement for regulated phosphorylation, we discovered that 2B7 requires Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. Y236F-2B7 and Y438F-2B7 mutants were null and 90% inactive, respectively, when expressed in COS-1. We demonstrated that 2B7 incorporated immunoprecipitable [(33)P]orthophosphate and that 2B7His, previously expressed in SYF-(Src,Yes,Fyn)(-/-) cells, was Src-supported or phosphorylated under in vitro conditions. Unexpectedly, 2B7 expressed in SYF(-/-) and SYF(+/-) cells metabolized 4-OHE(1) at 10- and 3-fold higher rates, respectively, than that expressed in COS-1, and similar analysis showed that E(2) metabolism was 16- and 9-fold higher than in COS-1. Because anti-Tyr(P)-438-2B7 detected Tyr(P)-438-2B7 in each cell line, results indicated that unidentified tyrosine kinase(s) (TKs) phosphorylated 2B7 in SYF(-/-). 2B7-transfected COS-1 treated with increasing concentrations of the Src-specific inhibitor PP2 down-regulated 4-OHE(1) glucuronidation reaching 60% maximum while simultaneously increasing E(2) metabolism linearly. This finding indicated that increasing PP2 inhibition of Src allows increasing E(2) metabolism caused by 2B7 phosphorylation by unidentified TK(s). Importantly, 2B7 expressed in SYF(-/-) is more competent at metabolizing E(2) in cellulo than 2B7 expressed in COS-1. To confirm Src-controlled 2B7 prevents toxicity, we showed that 2B7-transfected COS-1 efficiently protected against 4-OH-E(1)-mediated depurination. Finally, our results indicate that Src-dependent phosphorylation of 2B7 allows metabolism of 4-OHE(1), but not E(2), in COS-1, whereas non-Src-phosphorylated 2B7 metabolizes both chemicals. Importantly, we determined that 2B7 substrate selection is not fixed but varies depending upon the TK(s) that carry out its required phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Mitra
- Section on Genetic Disorders of Drug Metabolism, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830, USA
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46
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Maa MC, Chang MY, Li J, Li YY, Hsieh MY, Yang CJ, Chen YJ, Li Y, Chen HC, Cheng WE, Hsieh CY, Cheng CW, Leu TH. The iNOS/Src/FAK axis is critical in Toll-like receptor-mediated cell motility in macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:136-47. [PMID: 20849883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in innate immunity for the detection of highly conserved, pathogen-expressed molecules. Previously, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 ligand)-increased macrophage motility required the participation of Src and FAK, which was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent. To investigate whether this iNOS/Src/FAK pathway is a general mechanism for macrophages to mobilize in response to engagement of TLRs other than TLR4, peptidoglycan (PGN, TLR2 ligand), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C, TLR3 ligand) and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG, TLR9 ligand) were used to treat macrophages in this study. Like LPS stimulation, simultaneous increase of cell motility and Src (but not Fgr, Hck, and Lyn) was detected in RAW264.7, peritoneal macrophages, and bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to PGN, polyI:C and CpG. Attenuation of Src suppressed PGN-, polyI:C-, and CpG-elicited movement and the level of FAK Pi-Tyr861, which could be reversed by the reintroduction of siRNA-resistant Src. Besides, knockdown of FAK reduced the mobility of macrophages stimulated with anyone of these TLR ligands. Remarkably, PGN-, polyI:C-, and CpG-induced Src expression, FAK Pi-Tyr861, and cell mobility were inhibited in macrophages devoid of iNOS, indicating the importance of iNOS. These findings corroborate that iNOS/Src/FAK axis occupies a central role in macrophage locomotion in response to engagement of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chei Maa
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Barisic S, Schmidt C, Walczak H, Kulms D. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition triggers sustained canonical serine-dependent NFκB activation via Src-dependent blockade of PP2A. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:439-47. [PMID: 20450893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shan B, Hagood JS, Zhuo Y, Nguyen HT, MacEwen M, Morris GF, Lasky JA. Thy-1 attenuates TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts via Src family kinase. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11662. [PMID: 20657842 PMCID: PMC2906514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby modulate injury and repair. As a paradigm, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease with pathologic features of chronic inflammation, demonstrate an absence of Thy-1 immunoreactivity within areas of fibrotic activity (fibroblast foci) in contrast to the predominant Thy-1 expressing fibroblasts in the normal lung. Likewise, Thy-1 deficient mice display more severe lung fibrosis in response to an inflammatory injury than wildtype littermates. We investigated the role of Thy-1 in the response of fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Our study demonstrates distinct profiles of TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1 positive (Thy-1+) and negative (Thy-1-) subsets of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). TNF-alpha induced a robust activation of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and the IL-8 promoter driven reporter in Thy-1- MEFs, in contrast to only a modest increase in Thy-1+ counterparts. Consistently, ectopic expression of Thy-1 in Thy-1- MEFs significantly attenuated TNF-alpha-activated gene expression. Mechanistically, TNF-alpha activated Src family kinase (SFK) only in Thy-1- MEFs. Blockade of SFK activation abrogated TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1- MEFs, whereas restoration of SFK activation rescued the TNF-alpha response in Thy-1+ MEFs. Our findings suggest that Thy-1 down-regulates TNF-alpha-activated gene expression via interfering with SFK- and NF-kappaB-mediated transactivation. The current study provides a novel mechanistic insight to the distinct roles of fibroblast Thy-1 subsets in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shan
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mark MacEwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gilbert F. Morris
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Darwech I, Otero JE, Alhawagri MA, Abu-Amer Y. Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for IkappaB kinase-beta (IKKbeta) activation and function in osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25522-30. [PMID: 20534585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-kappaB is crucial for numerous cellular functions such as survival, differentiation, immunity, and inflammation. A key function of this family of transcription factors is regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function, which in turn controls skeletal homeostasis. The IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which contains IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and IKKgamma, is required for activation of NF-kappaB, and deletion of either IKKalpha or IKKbeta resulted with defective osteoclast differentiation and survival. We have recently investigated the details of the mechanisms governing the role of IKKbeta in osteoclastogenesis and found that constitutively active IKKbeta in which serine residues 177/181 were mutated into negatively charged glutamic acids instigates spontaneous bona fide receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-independent osteoclastogenesis. To better understand and define the functional role of IKKbeta domains capable of regulating the osteoclastogenic activity of IKK, we investigated key motifs in the activation T loop of IKKbeta, which are potentially capable of modulating its osteoclastogenic activity. We discovered that dual serine (traditional serine residues 177/181) and tyrosine (188/199) phosphorylation events are crucial for IKKbeta activation. Mutation of the latter tyrosine residues blunted the NF-kappaB activity of wild type and constitutively active IKKbeta, and tyrosine 188/199-deficient IKKbeta inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Thus, tyrosines 188/199 are a novel target for regulating IKKbeta activity, at least in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Darwech
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Heng MC. Curcumin targeted signaling pathways: basis for anti-photoaging and anti-carcinogenic therapy. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:608-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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