1
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Antiguas A, Dunnwald M. A novel noncanonical function for IRF6 in the recycling of E-cadherin. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar102. [PMID: 38809584 PMCID: PMC11244161 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-11-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor essential for keratinocyte cell-cell adhesions. Previously, we found that recycling of E-cadherin was defective in the absence of IRF6, yet total E-cadherin levels were not altered, suggesting a previously unknown, nontranscriptional function for IRF6. IRF6 protein contains a DNA binding domain (DBD) and a protein binding domain (PBD). The transcriptional function of IRF6 depends on its DBD and PBD, however, whether the PBD is necessary for the interaction with cytoplasmic proteins has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we show that an intact PBD is required for recruitment of cell-cell adhesion proteins at the plasma membrane, including the recycling of E-cadherin. Colocalizations and coimmunoprecipitations reveal that IRF6 forms a complex in recycling endosomes with Rab11, Myosin Vb, and E-cadherin, and that the PBD is required for this interaction. These data indicate that IRF6 is a novel effector of the endosomal recycling of E-cadherin and demonstrate a non-transcriptional function for IRF6 in regulating cell-cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Antiguas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245
| | - Martine Dunnwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245
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2
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Vieira AM, Silvestre OF, Silva BF, Ferreira CJ, Lopes I, Gomes AC, Espiña B, Sárria MP. pH-sensitive nanoliposomes for passive and CXCR-4-mediated marine yessotoxin delivery for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:717-739. [PMID: 35481356 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yessotoxin (YTX), a marine-derived drug, was encapsulated in PEGylated pH-sensitive nanoliposomes, covalently functionalized (strategy I) with SDF-1α and by nonspecific adsorption (strategy II), to actively target chemokine receptor CXCR-4. Methods: Cytotoxicity to normal human epithelial cells (HK-2) and prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) adenocarcinoma models, with different expression levels of CXCR-4, were tested. Results: Strategy II exerted the highest cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while protecting normal epithelia. Acid pH-induced fusion of nanoliposomes seemed to serve as a primary route of entry into MCF-7 cells but PC-3 data support an endocytic pathway for their internalization. Conclusion: This work describes an innovative hallmark in the current marine drug clinical pipeline, as the developed nanoliposomes are promising candidates in the design of groundbreaking marine flora-derived anticancer nanoagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mg Vieira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Oscar F Silvestre
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fb Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Celso Jo Ferreira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.,Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ivo Lopes
- Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science & Innovation for Biosustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Marisa P Sárria
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
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3
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The Autophagic Route of E-Cadherin and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246328. [PMID: 34944948 PMCID: PMC8699259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A hallmark of carcinoma progression is the loss of epithelial integrity. In this context, the deregulation of adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin, affects epithelial structures and associates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This, in turn, fosters cancer progression. Autophagy endows cancer cells with the ability to overcome intracellular and environmental stress stimuli, such as anoikis, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and drugs. Furthermore, it plays an important role in the degradation of cell adhesion proteins and in EMT. This review focuses on the interplay between the turnover of adhesion molecules, primarily E-cadherin, and autophagy in cancer progression. Abstract Cell-to-cell adhesion is a key element in epithelial tissue integrity and homeostasis during embryogenesis, response to damage, and differentiation. Loss of cell adhesion and gain of mesenchymal features, a phenomenon known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are essential steps in cancer progression. Interestingly, downregulation or degradation by endocytosis of epithelial adhesion molecules (e.g., E-cadherin) associates with EMT and promotes cell migration. Autophagy is a physiological intracellular degradation and recycling process. In cancer, it is thought to exert a tumor suppressive role in the early phases of cell transformation but, once cells have gained a fully transformed phenotype, autophagy may fuel malignant progression by promoting EMT and conferring drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between autophagy, EMT, and turnover of epithelial cell adhesion molecules, with particular attention to E-cadherin.
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4
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413358. [PMID: 34948155 PMCID: PMC8704376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins mediate cell–cell adhesion through a dynamic process that is strongly dependent on the cellular context and signaling. Cadherin regulation reflects the interplay between fundamental cellular processes, including morphogenesis, proliferation, programmed cell death, surface organization of receptors, cytoskeletal organization, and cell trafficking. The variety of molecular mechanisms and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of clarifying the functions mediated by these versatile proteins. Altered cadherins expression is closely connected with tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent fibrosis, and autoimmunity. We review the current understanding of how cadherins contribute to human health and disease, considering the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in diseases progression, as well as the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
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5
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Xu W, Alpha KM, Zehrbach NM, Turner CE. Paxillin Promotes Breast Tumor Collective Cell Invasion through Maintenance of Adherens Junction Integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar14. [PMID: 34851720 PMCID: PMC9236150 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant organ metastasis is linked to poor prognosis during cancer progression. The expression level of the focal adhesion adapter protein paxillin varies among different human cancers, but its role in tumor progression is unclear. Herein, we utilize a newly generated PyMT mammary tumor mouse model with conditional paxillin ablation in breast tumor epithelial cells, combined with in vitro 3D tumor organoids invasion analysis and 2D calcium switch assays, to assess the roles for paxillin in breast tumor cell invasion. Paxillin had little effect on primary tumor initiation and growth but is critical for the formation of distant lung metastasis. In paxillin-depleted 3D tumor organoids, collective cell invasion was substantially perturbed. Two-dimensional cell culture revealed paxillin-dependent stabilization of adherens junctions (AJ). Mechanistically, paxillin is required for AJ assembly through facilitating E-cadherin endocytosis and recycling and HDAC6-mediated microtubule acetylation. Furthermore, Rho GTPase activity analysis and rescue experiments with a RhoA activator or Rac1 inhibitor suggest paxillin is potentially regulating the E-cadherin-dependent junction integrity and contractility through control of the balance of RhoA and Rac1 activities. Together, these data highlight new roles for paxillin in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and collective tumor cell migration to promote the formation of distance organ metastases. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Nicholas M Zehrbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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6
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Cervero P, Vrenken K, Klose M, Rehm K, Linder S. Nectin stabilization at adherens junctions is counteracted by Rab5a-dependent endocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151184. [PMID: 34826799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions undergo constant remodeling, which is crucial for the control of vascular integrity. Indeed, transport of junctional components such as cadherins is understood in increasing depth. However, little is known about the respective pathways regulating localization of nectin at cell-cell junctions. Here, we performed an siRNA-based screen of vesicle regulators of the RabGTPase family, leading to the identification of a novel role for Rab5a in the endocytosis nectin-2 at adherens junctions of primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC). Confocal microscopy experiments revealed disordered nectin-2 localization at adherens junctions upon Rab5a depletion. In addition, internalized nectin-2 was shown to prominently localize to Rab5a-positive vesicles in both fixed and living cells. As shown previously, nectin-2 stabilization at junctions is achieved via drebrin-dependent coupling to the subcortical actin cytoskeleton. Consistently, depletion of drebrin in this study leads to enhanced internalization of nectin-2 from junctions. Strikingly, simultaneous silencing of Rab5a and drebrin restored the junctional localization of nectin-2, pointing to Rab5a as counteracting the drebrin-dependent stabilization of nectin-2 at adherens junctions. This mechanism could be further validated by transendothelial resistance measurements. Collectively, our results identify Rab5a as a key player in the endocytosis of nectin-2 and thus in the regulation of adherens junction integrity in primary human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cervero
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Vrenken
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Klose
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rehm
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Matsumura K, Manabe S, Shibukawa Y, Wada Y, Ito Y, Ihara Y. C-Mannosylated tryptophan-containing WSPW peptide binds to actinin-4 and alters E-cadherin subcellular localization in lung epithelial-like A549 cells. Biochimie 2021; 192:136-146. [PMID: 34673139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Trp-x-x-Trp (W-x-x-W) peptide motif, a consensus site for C-mannosylation, is the functional motif in cytokine type I receptors or thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily proteins. W-x-x-W motifs are important for physiological and pathological functions of their parental proteins, but effects of C-mannosylation on protein functions remain to be elucidated. By using chemically synthesized WSPW peptides and C-mannosylated WSPW peptides (C-Man-WSPW), we herein investigated whether C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides confer additional biological functions to WSPW peptides. C-Man-WSPW peptide, but not non-mannosylated WSPW, reduced E-cadherin levels in A549 cells. Via peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, we identified actinin-4 as a C-Man-WSPW-binding protein in A549 cells. Actinin-4 partly co-localized with E-cadherin or β-catenin, despite no direct interaction between actinin-4 and E-cadherin. C-Man-WSPW reduced co-localization of E-cadherin and actinin-4; non-mannosylated WSPW had no effect on localization. In actinin-4-knockdown cells, E-cadherin was upregulated and demonstrated a punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm, which suggests that actinin-4 regulated cell-surface E-cadherin localization. Thus, C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides is required for interaction with actinin-4 that subsequently alters expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin and morphology of epithelial-like cells. Our results therefore suggest a regulatory role of C-mannosylation of the W-x-x-W motif in interactions between the motif and its binding partner and will thereby enhance understanding of protein C-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Ko Matsumura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yukinao Shibukawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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8
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Erasmus JC, Smolarczyk K, Brezovjakova H, Mohd-Naim NF, Lozano E, Matter K, Braga VMM. Rac1-PAK1 regulation of Rab11 cycling promotes junction destabilization. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212034. [PMID: 33914026 PMCID: PMC8091128 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 GTPase is hyperactivated in tumors and contributes to malignancy. Rac1 disruption of junctions requires its effector PAK1, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that E-cadherin is internalized via micropinocytosis in a PAK1–dependent manner without catenin dissociation and degradation. In addition to internalization, PAK1 regulates E-cadherin transport by fine-tuning Rab small GTPase function. PAK1 phosphorylates a core Rab regulator, RabGDIβ, but not RabGDIα. Phosphorylated RabGDIβ preferentially associates with Rab5 and Rab11, which is predicted to promote Rab retrieval from membranes. Consistent with this hypothesis, Rab11 is activated by Rac1, and inhibition of Rab11 function partially rescues E-cadherin destabilization. Thus, Rac1 activation reduces surface cadherin levels as a net result of higher bulk flow of membrane uptake that counteracts Rab11-dependent E-cadherin delivery to junctions (recycling and/or exocytosis). This unique small GTPase crosstalk has an impact on Rac1 and PAK1 regulation of membrane remodeling during epithelial dedifferentiation, adhesion, and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia Smolarczyk
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Brezovjakova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Noor F Mohd-Naim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Encarnación Lozano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Sajed R, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Rahimi M, Mansoori M, Zarnani AH, Madjd Z, Ghods R. Overexpression and translocation of dynamin 2 promotes tumor aggressiveness in breast carcinomas. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1423-1435. [PMID: 33250680 PMCID: PMC7689243 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 is a GTPase protein that has been implicated in cancer progression through its various roles such as endocytosis, morphogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular contractions, and focal adhesion maturation. The increased expression levels of this molecule have been demonstrated with the development of several cancers such as prostate, pancreas, and bladder. However, its clinical significance in breast cancer is unclear yet. In the present study, the membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear expression levels of dynamin 2 molecule were evaluated for the first time, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray (TMA) slides in 113 invasive breast cancer tissues. Moreover, afterward, the association between the dynamin 2 expression and clinicopathological features was determined. Our finding showed that, a higher nuclear expression of dynamin 2 is significantly associated with an increase in tumor stage (P = 0.05), histological grade (P = 0.001), and age of the patients (P = 0.03). In addition, analysis of the cytoplasmic expression levels of this molecule revealed that, there was a statistically significant difference between the expression levels of dynamin 2 among the different breast cancer subtypes (P = 0.003). Moreover, a significant association was found between the increased expression of dynamin 2 membranous and vascular invasion (VI) (P = 0.02). We showed that dynamin 2 protein expression has an association with more aggressive tumor behavior and more advanced disease in the patients with breast cancer; therefore, dynamin 2 molecule could be considered as an indicator of disease progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Sajed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medicine Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Rahimi
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Pathology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mansoori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medicine Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medicine Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medicine Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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10
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A self-sustaining endocytic-based loop promotes breast cancer plasticity leading to aggressiveness and pro-metastatic behavior. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3020. [PMID: 32541686 PMCID: PMC7296024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The subversion of endocytic routes leads to malignant transformation and has been implicated in human cancers. However, there is scarce evidence for genetic alterations of endocytic proteins as causative in high incidence human cancers. Here, we report that Epsin 3 (EPN3) is an oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic relevance in breast cancer. Mechanistically, EPN3 drives breast tumorigenesis by increasing E-cadherin endocytosis, followed by the activation of a β-catenin/TCF4-dependent partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), followed by the establishment of a TGFβ-dependent autocrine loop that sustains EMT. EPN3-induced partial EMT is instrumental for the transition from in situ to invasive breast carcinoma, and, accordingly, high EPN3 levels are detected at the invasive front of human breast cancers and independently predict metastatic rather than loco-regional recurrence. Thus, we uncover an endocytic-based mechanism able to generate TGFβ-dependent regulatory loops conferring cellular plasticity and invasive behavior.
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11
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Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell–substrate adhesion, cell–cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Niño CA, Sala S, Polo S. When ubiquitin meets E-cadherin: Plasticity of the epithelial cellular barrier. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The maintenance of cell surface proteins is critical to the ability of a cell to sense and respond to information in its environment. As such, modulation of cell surface composition and receptor trafficking is a potentially important target of control in virus infection. Sorting endosomes (SEs) are control stations regulating the recycling or degradation of internalized plasma membrane proteins. Here we report that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus, alters the fate of internalized clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) cargo proteins, retaining them in virally reprogrammed SEs. We show that the small G protein ARF6 (ADP ribosylation factor 6), a regulator of CIE trafficking, is highly associated with SE membranes relative to uninfected cells. Combined with the observation of accumulated CIE cargo at the SE, these results suggest that infection diminishes the egress of ARF6 and its cargo from the SE. Expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6), also known as TRE17, was sufficient to restore ARF6 and some ARF6 cargo trafficking to the cell surface in infected cells. The USP activity of TRE17 was required to rescue both ARF6 and associated cargo from SE retention in infection. The finding that TRE17 expression does not rescue the trafficking of all CIE cargos retained at SEs in infection suggests that HCMV hijacks the normal sorting machinery and selectively sorts specific cargos into endocytic microdomains that are subject to alternative sorting fates. Cells maintain their surface composition, take up nutrients, and respond to their environment through the internalization and recycling of cargo at the cell surface through endocytic trafficking pathways. During infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), host endocytic membranes are reorganized into a juxtanuclear structure associated with viral assembly and egress. Less appreciated is the effect of this reorganization on the trafficking of host proteins through the endocytic pathway. We show that HCMV retains internalized cargo and the effector of clathrin-independent endocytosis at sorting endosomes. The retention of some cargo, but not all, was reversed by overexpression of a ubiquitin-specific protease, TRE17. Our results demonstrate that HCMV induces profound reprogramming of endocytic trafficking and influences cargo sorting decisions. Further, our work suggests the presence of a novel ubiquitin-regulated checkpoint for the recycling of cargo from sorting endosome. These findings have important implications for host signaling and immune pathways in the context of HCMV infection.
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14
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Schiffmacher AT, Adomako-Ankomah A, Xie V, Taneyhill LA. Cadherin-6B proteolytic N-terminal fragments promote chick cranial neural crest cell delamination by regulating extracellular matrix degradation. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S237-S251. [PMID: 29958899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), chick cranial neural crest cells simultaneously delaminate from the basement membrane and segregate from the epithelia, in part, via multiple protease-mediated mechanisms. Proteolytic processing of Cadherin-6B (Cad6B) in premigratory cranial neural crest cells by metalloproteinases not only disassembles cadherin-based junctions but also generates shed Cad6B ectodomains or N-terminal fragments (NTFs) that may possess additional roles. Here we report that Cad6B NTFs promote delamination by enhancing local extracellular proteolytic activity around neural crest cells undergoing EMT en masse. During EMT, Cad6B NTFs of varying molecular weights are observed, indicating that Cad6B may be cleaved at different sites by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 10 and 19 as well as by other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). To investigate Cad6B NTF function, we first generated NTF constructs that express recombinant NTFs with similar relative mobilities to those NTFs shed in vivo. Overexpression of either long or short Cad6B NTFs in premigratory neural crest cells reduces laminin and fibronectin levels within the basement membrane, which then facilitates precocious neural crest cell delamination. Zymography assays performed with supernatants of neural crest cell explants overexpressing Cad6B long NTFs demonstrate increased MMP2 activity versus controls, suggesting that Cad6B NTFs promote delamination through a mechanism involving MMP2. Interestingly, this increase in MMP2 does not involve up-regulation of MMP2 or its regulators at the transcriptional level but instead may be attributed to a physical interaction between shed Cad6B NTFs and MMP2. Taken together, these results highlight a new function for Cad6B NTFs and provide insight into how cadherins regulate cellular delamination during normal developmental EMTs as well as aberrant EMTs that underlie human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Vivien Xie
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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15
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Harris JL, Dave K, Gorman J, Khanna KK. The breast cancer antigen 5T4 interacts with Rab11, and is a target and regulator of Rab11 mediated trafficking. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Samson EB, Tsao DS, Zimak J, McLaughlin RT, Trenton NJ, Mace EM, Orange JS, Schweikhard V, Diehl MR. The coordinating role of IQGAP1 in the regulation of local, endosome-specific actin networks. Biol Open 2017; 6:785-799. [PMID: 28455356 PMCID: PMC5483015 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a large, multi-domain scaffold that helps orchestrate cell signaling and cytoskeletal mechanics by controlling interactions among a spectrum of receptors, signaling intermediates, and cytoskeletal proteins. While this coordination is known to impact cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion, and vesicular traffic, among other functions, the spatiotemporal properties and regulatory mechanisms of IQGAP1 have not been fully resolved. Herein, we describe a series of super-resolution and live-cell imaging analyses that identified a role for IQGAP1 in the regulation of an actin cytoskeletal shell surrounding a novel membranous compartment that localizes selectively to the basal cortex of polarized epithelial cells (MCF-10A). We also show that IQGAP1 appears to both stabilize the actin coating and constrain its growth. Loss of compartmental IQGAP1 initiates a disassembly mechanism involving rapid and unconstrained actin polymerization around the compartment and dispersal of its vesicle contents. Together, these findings suggest IQGAP1 achieves this control by harnessing both stabilizing and antagonistic interactions with actin. They also demonstrate the utility of these compartments for image-based investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics of IQGAP1 within endosome-specific actin networks. Summary: Super-resolution imaging and multiplexed live-cell analyses indicate the multi-domain scaffold IQGAP1 contributes to a complex regulatory network that coordinates the actin encapsulation and membrane processing of a novel endosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Samson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David S Tsao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Zimak
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R Tyler McLaughlin
- Graduate Program in Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Emily M Mace
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Michael R Diehl
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Chen YT, Tai CY. μ2-Dependent endocytosis of N-cadherin is regulated by β-catenin to facilitate neurite outgrowth. Traffic 2017; 18:287-303. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ting Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; Academia Sinica; Taiwan Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; Taiwan Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center; Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chin-Yin Tai
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; Academia Sinica; Taiwan Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; Taiwan Republic of China
- Development Center for Biotechnology; Institute of Pharmaceutics; Taiwan Republic of China
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18
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Taneyhill LA, Schiffmacher AT. Should I stay or should I go? Cadherin function and regulation in the neural crest. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28253541 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our increasing comprehension of neural crest cell development has reciprocally advanced our understanding of cadherin expression, regulation, and function. As a transient population of multipotent stem cells that significantly contribute to the vertebrate body plan, neural crest cells undergo a variety of transformative processes and exhibit many cellular behaviors, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, collective cell migration, and differentiation. Multiple studies have elucidated regulatory and mechanistic details of specific cadherins during neural crest cell development in a highly contextual manner. Collectively, these results reveal that gradual changes within neural crest cells are accompanied by often times subtle, yet important, alterations in cadherin expression and function. The primary focus of this review is to coalesce recent data on cadherins in neural crest cells, from their specification to their emergence as motile cells soon after EMT, and to highlight the complexities of cadherin expression beyond our current perceptions, including the hypothesis that the neural crest EMT is a transition involving a predominantly singular cadherin switch. Further advancements in genetic approaches and molecular techniques will provide greater opportunities to integrate data from various model systems in order to distinguish unique or overlapping functions of cadherins expressed at any point throughout the ontogeny of the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
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19
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Brüser L, Bogdan S. Adherens Junctions on the Move-Membrane Trafficking of E-Cadherin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029140. [PMID: 28096264 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-based adherens junctions are conserved structures that mediate epithelial cell-cell adhesion in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite their pivotal function in epithelial integrity, adherens junctions show a remarkable plasticity that is a prerequisite for tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is continuously turned over and undergoes cycles of endocytosis, sorting and recycling back to the plasma membrane. Mammalian cell culture and genetically tractable model systems such as Drosophila have revealed conserved, but also distinct, mechanisms in the regulation of E-cadherin membrane trafficking. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about molecules and mechanisms controlling endocytosis, sorting and recycling of E-cadherin during junctional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brüser
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Zellphysiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Emil-Mannkopff-Straße 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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20
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Stepicheva NA, Dumas M, Kobi P, Donaldson JG, Song JL. The small GTPase Arf6 regulates sea urchin morphogenesis. Differentiation 2017; 95:31-43. [PMID: 28188999 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Arf6 is a conserved protein that is expressed in all metazoans. Arf6 remodels cytoskeletal actin and mediates membrane protein trafficking between the plasma membrane in its active form and endosomal compartments in its inactive form. While a rich knowledge exists for the cellular functions of Arf6, relatively little is known about its physiological role in development. This study examines the function of Arf6 in mediating cellular morphogenesis in early development. We dissect the function of Arf6 with a loss-of-function morpholino and constitutively active Arf6-Q67L construct. We focus on the two cell types that undergo active directed migration: the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) that give rise to the sea urchin skeleton and endodermal cells that form the gut. Our results indicate that Arf6 plays an important role in skeleton formation and PMC migration, in part due to its ability to remodel actin. We also found that embryos injected with Arf6 morpholino have gastrulation defects and embryos injected with constitutively active Arf6 have endodermal cells detached from the gut epithelium with decreased junctional cadherin staining, indicating that Arf6 may mediate the recycling of cadherin. Thus, Arf6 impacts cells that undergo coordinated movement to form embryonic structures in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Megan Dumas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Priscilla Kobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Julie G Donaldson
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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21
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Cadwell CM, Su W, Kowalczyk AP. Cadherin tales: Regulation of cadherin function by endocytic membrane trafficking. Traffic 2016; 17:1262-1271. [PMID: 27624909 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are the primary adhesion molecules in adherens junctions and desmosomes and play essential roles in embryonic development. Although significant progress has been made in understanding cadherin structure and function, we lack a clear vision of how cells confer plasticity upon adhesive junctions to allow for cellular rearrangements during development, wound healing and metastasis. Endocytic membrane trafficking has emerged as a fundamental mechanism by which cells confer a dynamic state to adhesive junctions. Recent studies indicate that the juxtamembrane domain of classical cadherins contains multiple endocytic motifs, or "switches," that can be used by cellular membrane trafficking machinery to regulate adhesion. The cadherin-binding protein p120-catenin (p120) appears to be the master regulator of access to these switches, thereby controlling cadherin endocytosis and turnover. This review focuses on p120 and other cadherin-binding proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and growth factors as key modulators of cadherin membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel M Cadwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenji Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology Graduate Training Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Wang PS, Chou FS, Ramachandran S, Xia S, Chen HY, Guo F, Suraneni P, Maher BJ, Li R. Crucial roles of the Arp2/3 complex during mammalian corticogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2741-52. [PMID: 27385014 PMCID: PMC5004905 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polarity and organization of radial glial cells (RGCs), which serve as both stem cells and scaffolds for neuronal migration, are crucial for cortical development. However, the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive radial glial outgrowth and maintain RGC polarity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Arp2/3 complex – the unique actin nucleator that produces branched actin networks – plays essential roles in RGC polarity and morphogenesis. Disruption of the Arp2/3 complex in murine RGCs retards process outgrowth toward the basal surface and impairs apical polarity and adherens junctions. Whereas the former is correlated with an abnormal actin-based leading edge, the latter is consistent with blockage in membrane trafficking. These defects result in altered cell fate, disrupted cortical lamination and abnormal angiogenesis. In addition, we present evidence that the Arp2/3 complex is a cell-autonomous regulator of neuronal migration. Our data suggest that Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly might be particularly important for neuronal cell motility in a soft or poorly adhesive matrix environment. Summary: During mouse cortical development, the Arp2/3 actin branching complex regulates process formation and the maintenance of radial glial cell polarity, as well as affecting neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Fu-Sheng Chou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sreekumar Ramachandran
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Huei-Ying Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Praveen Suraneni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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23
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Mascia A, Gentile F, Izzo A, Mollo N, De Luca M, Bucci C, Nitsch L, Calì G. Rab7 Regulates CDH1 Endocytosis, Circular Dorsal Ruffles Genesis, and Thyroglobulin Internalization in a Thyroid Cell Line. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1695-708. [PMID: 26599499 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rab7 regulates the biogenesis of late endosomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. It has been proposed that a functional and physical interaction exists between Rab7 and Rac1 GTPases in CDH1 endocytosis and ruffled border formation. In FRT cells over-expressing Rab7, increased expression and activity of Rac1 was observed, whereas a reduction of Rab7 expression by RNAi resulted in reduced Rac1 activity, as measured by PAK1 phosphorylation. We found that CDH1 endocytosis was extremely reduced only in Rab7 over-expressing cells but was unchanged in Rab7 silenced cells. In Rab7 under or over-expressing cells, Rab7 and LC3B-II co-localized and co-localization in large circular structures occurred only in Rab7 over-expressing cells. These large circular structures occurred in about 10% of the cell population; some of them (61%) showed co-localization of Rab7 with cortactin and f-actin and were identified as circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), the others as mature autophagosomes. We propose that the over-expression of Rab7 is sufficient to induce CDRs. Furthermore, in FRT cells, we found that the expression of the insoluble/active form of Rab7, rather than Rab5, or Rab8, was inducible by cAMP and that cAMP-stimulated FRT cells showed increased PAK1 phosphorylation and were no longer able to endocytose CDH1. Finally, we demonstrated that Rab7 over-expressing cells are able to endocytose exogenous thyroglobulin via pinocytosis/CDRs more efficiently than control cells. We propose that the major thyroglobulin endocytosis described in thyroid autonomous adenomas due to Rab7 increased expression, occurs via CDRs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1695-1708, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mascia
- IEOS Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Napoli, Italy
| | - Flaviana Gentile
- IEOS Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- IEOS Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Napoli, Italy
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24
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Wu B, Wang Y, Yang XM, Xu BQ, Feng F, Wang B, Liang Q, Li Y, Zhou Y, Jiang JL, Chen ZN. Basigin-mediated redistribution of CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumorigenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:110. [PMID: 26437640 PMCID: PMC4594993 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated endocytosis of membrane proteins contributes significantly to several hallmarks of cancer. Basigin can enhance cancer progression, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumorigenicity by triggering integrin clustering and enhancing cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The endocytosis and recyle of basigin and CD98 might play critical roles in cancer. Methods The role of CD98 was confirmed in liver cancer cells by cell spreading in vitro and tumorigenicity by nude mice xenograft tumor assay in vivo; membrane expression of basigin and CD98 in SMMC-7721 was measured by FCAS; pull down and SPR analysis were uses to reveal the direct association between basigin and CD98; DsRed1 tagged CD98 was blocked in the cytoplasm in K7721 (whose basigin was knockn out) and had a well colocalization with ER and Rab5a positive recycling endosomes under co-focal; finally, by FRET imaging and FCAS we observed the internalization of basigin and CD98 was flotillin-1-regulated, and their recycle at early steps was Arf6-mediated. Results Basigin and CD98 were highly expressed and co-localized on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membrane; basigin can directly bind to CD98, mediating CD98 redistribution on the HCC cell membrane and activating the downstream integrin signaling pathway. Internalization of basigin and CD98 was flotillin-1 regulated the and their recycling was mediated by Arf6. This recycling process for basigin and CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumor growth in liver cancer xenografts. Conclusion Basigin, as a redistribution chaperone of CD98, plays a critical role in promoting cell spreading and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0226-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Min Yang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Bao-Qing Xu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Feng
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Liang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Li
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
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25
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Inoue K, Ishibe S. Podocyte endocytosis in the regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F398-405. [PMID: 26084928 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00136.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe defects in the glomerular filtration barrier result in nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by massive proteinuria. The podocyte, a specialized epithelial cell with interdigitating foot processes separated by a slit diaphragm, plays a vital role in regulating the passage of proteins from the capillary lumen to Bowman's space. Recent findings suggest a critical role for endocytosis in podocyte biology as highlighted by genetic mouse models of disease and human genetic mutations that result in the loss of the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. In vitro podocyte studies have also unraveled a plethora of constituents that are differentially internalized to maintain homeostasis. These observations provide a framework and impetus for understanding the precise regulation of podocyte endocytic machinery in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Padmanabhan R, Taneyhill LA. Cadherin-6B undergoes macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis during cranial neural crest cell EMT. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1773-86. [PMID: 25795298 PMCID: PMC4446736 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for the formation of migratory neural crest cells during development and is co-opted in human diseases such as cancer metastasis. Chick premigratory cranial neural crest cells lose intercellular contacts, mediated in part by Cadherin-6B (Cad6B), migrate extensively, and later form a variety of adult derivatives. Importantly, modulation of Cad6B is crucial for proper neural crest cell EMT. Although Cad6B possesses a long half-life, it is rapidly lost from premigratory neural crest cell membranes, suggesting the existence of post-translational mechanisms during EMT. We have identified a motif in the Cad6B cytoplasmic tail that enhances Cad6B internalization and reduces the stability of Cad6B upon its mutation. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that Cad6B is removed from premigratory neural crest cells through cell surface internalization events that include clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Both of these processes are dependent upon the function of dynamin, and inhibition of Cad6B internalization abrogates neural crest cell EMT and migration. Collectively, our findings reveal the significance of post-translational events in controlling cadherins during neural crest cell EMT and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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27
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Maeng YS, Aguilar B, Choi SI, Kim EK. Inhibition of TGFBIp expression reduces lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 35:196-205. [PMID: 25772247 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) is an extracellular matrix protein that has a role in a wide range of pathological conditions. However, the role of TGFBIp signaling in lymphangiogenesis is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the effects of TGFBIp on lymphangiogenesis and determine whether TGFBIp-related lymphangiogenesis is important for the metastasis of tumor cells. TGFBIp increased adhesion, migration, and morphologic differentiation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), consistent with an increase in lymphatic vessel sprouting in a three-dimensional lymphatic ring assay. TGFBIp also induced phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules SRC, FAK, AKT, JNK and ERK. TGFBIp-induced lymphatic vessel sprouting was inhibited by addition of anti-integrin β3 antibody and pharmacologic inhibitors of FAK, AKT, JNK or ERK. TGFBIp increased both CCL21 expression in LECs, a chemokine that actively recruits tumor cells expressing the cognate chemokine receptors to lymphatic vessels and LEC permeability by inducing the dissociation of VE-cadherin junctions between LECs via the activation of SRC signaling. In vivo, inhibition of TGFBIp expression in SW620 cancer cells dramatically reduced tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TGFBIp is a lymphangiogenic factor contributing to tumor dissemination and represents a potential target to inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Maeng
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Aguilar
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S-I Choi
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E K Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Corallino S, Malabarba MG, Zobel M, Di Fiore PP, Scita G. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Plasticity Harnesses Endocytic Circuitries. Front Oncol 2015; 5:45. [PMID: 25767773 PMCID: PMC4341543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to alter their phenotypic and morphological characteristics, known as cellular plasticity, is critical in normal embryonic development and adult tissue repair and contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases, such as organ fibrosis and cancer. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a type of cellular plasticity. This transition involves genetic and epigenetic changes as well as alterations in protein expression and post-translational modifications. These changes result in reduced cell-cell adhesion, enhanced cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and altered organization of the cytoskeleton and of cell polarity. Among these modifications, loss of cell polarity represents the nearly invariable, distinguishing feature of EMT that frequently precedes the other traits or might even occur in their absence. EMT transforms cell morphology and physiology, and hence cell identity, from one typical of cells that form a tight barrier, like epithelial and endothelial cells, to one characterized by a highly motile mesenchymal phenotype. Time-resolved proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of cells undergoing EMT recently identified thousands of changes in proteins involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation and motility, DNA repair, and - unexpectedly - membrane trafficking (1). These results have highlighted a picture of great complexity. First, the EMT transition is not an all-or-none response but rather a gradual process that develops over time. Second, EMT events are highly dynamic and frequently reversible, involving both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. The net results is that EMT generates populations of mixed cells, with partial or full phenotypes, possibly accounting (at least in part) for the physiological as well as pathological cellular heterogeneity of some tissues. Endocytic circuitries have emerged as complex connectivity infrastructures for numerous cellular networks required for the execution of different biological processes, with a primary role in the control of polarized functions. Thus, they may be relevant for controlling EMT or certain aspects of it. Here, by discussing a few paradigmatic cases, we will outline how endocytosis may be harnessed by the EMT process to promote dynamic changes in cellular identity, and to increase cellular flexibility and adaptation to micro-environmental cues, ultimately impacting on physiological and pathological processes, first and foremost cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Martina Zobel
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia , Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM) , Milan , Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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Xu R, Zhang Y, Gu L, Zheng J, Cui J, Dong J, Du J. Arf6 regulates EGF-induced internalization of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:11. [PMID: 25678857 PMCID: PMC4326200 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin internalization facilitates dissolution of adherens junctions and promotes tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Our previous results have shown that Arf6 exerts pro-migratory action in breast cancer cells after EGF stimulation. Despite the fact that EGF signaling stimulates EMT of breast cancer cells, the effect of Arf6 on internalization of E-cadherin of breast cancer cells under EGF treatment remains to be determined. Here, we showed that EGF dose-dependently stimulated E-cadherin internalization by MCF-7 cells with the maximal effect at 50 ng/ml. Meanwhile, EGF treatment markedly increased Arf6 activation. Arf6 was involved in complexes of E-cadherin, and more E-cadherin was pulled down with Arf6 when the activity of the latter was increased. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays showed that transfection breast cancer cells with Arf6-T27N or Arf6 siRNA suppressed EGF-induced E-cadherin internalization. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Arf6 activation plays a potential role in EGF-induced E-cadherin internalization, providing new mechanism underlying the effect of Arf6 on promoting breast cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Biotechnology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Luo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jianchao Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China ; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
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The CDC42-Interacting Protein 4 Controls Epithelial Cell Cohesion and Tumor Dissemination. Dev Cell 2014; 30:553-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Weng L, Enomoto A, Miyoshi H, Takahashi K, Asai N, Morone N, Jiang P, An J, Kato T, Kuroda K, Watanabe T, Asai M, Ishida-Takagishi M, Murakumo Y, Nakashima H, Kaibuchi K, Takahashi M. Regulation of cargo-selective endocytosis by dynamin 2 GTPase-activating protein girdin. EMBO J 2014; 33:2098-112. [PMID: 25061227 PMCID: PMC4195775 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), specificity and selectivity for cargoes are thought to be tightly regulated by cargo-specific adaptors for distinct cellular functions. Here, we show that the actin-binding protein girdin is a regulator of cargo-selective CME. Girdin interacts with dynamin 2, a GTPase that excises endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane, and functions as its GTPase-activating protein. Interestingly, girdin depletion leads to the defect in clathrin-coated pit formation in the center of cells. Also, we find that girdin differentially interacts with some cargoes, which competitively prevents girdin from interacting with dynamin 2 and confers the cargo selectivity for CME. Therefore, girdin regulates transferrin and E-cadherin endocytosis in the center of cells and their subsequent polarized intracellular localization, but has no effect on integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis that occurs at the cell periphery. Our results reveal that girdin regulates selective CME via a mechanism involving dynamin 2, but not by operating as a cargo-specific adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Ministry of Health, Dong Dan Beijing, China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Kaifu District Changsha, China
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Ishida-Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku Nagoya, Japan
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Kowalczyk AP, Nanes BA. Adherens junction turnover: regulating adhesion through cadherin endocytosis, degradation, and recycling. Subcell Biochem 2014; 60:197-222. [PMID: 22674073 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4186-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions are important mediators of intercellular adhesion, but they are not static structures. They are regularly formed, broken, and rearranged in a variety of situations, requiring changes in the amount of cadherins, the main adhesion molecule in adherens junctions, present at the cell surface. Thus, endocytosis, degradation, and recycling of cadherins are crucial for dynamic regulation of adherens junctions and control of intercellular adhesion. In this chapter, we review the involvement of cadherin endocytosis in development and disease. We discuss the various endocytic pathways available to cadherins, the adaptors involved, and the sorting of internalized cadherin for recycling or lysosomal degradation. In addition, we review the regulatory pathways controlling cadherin endocytosis and degradation, including regulation of cadherin endocytosis by catenins, cadherin ubiquitination, and growth factor receptor signaling pathways. Lastly, we discuss the proteolytic cleavage of cadherins at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30332, Atlanta, GA, USA,
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Casellato A, Rossi Paccani S, Barrile R, Bossi F, Ciucchi L, Codolo G, Pizza M, Aricò B, de Bernard M. The C2 fragment from Neisseria meningitidis antigen NHBA increases endothelial permeability by destabilizing adherens junctions. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:925-37. [PMID: 24397470 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis once it reaches the blood stream and the nervous system. Here we demonstrate that a fragment, released upon proteolysis of the surface-exposed protein Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), by the bacterial protease NalP, alters the endothelial permeability by inducing the internalization of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. We found that C2 rapidly accumulates in mitochondria where it induces the production of reactive oxygen species: the latter are required for the phosphorylation of the junctional protein and for its internalization that, in turn, is responsible for the endothelial leakage. Our data support the notion that the NHBA-derived fragment C2 might contribute to the extensive vascular leakage typically associated with meningococcal sepsis.
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Porat-Shliom N, Weigert R, Donaldson JG. Endosomes derived from clathrin-independent endocytosis serve as precursors for endothelial lumen formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81987. [PMID: 24282620 PMCID: PMC3839925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) is a form of bulk plasma membrane (PM) endocytosis that allows cells to sample and evaluate PM composition. Once in endosomes, the internalized proteins and lipids can be recycled back to the PM or delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Endosomes arising from CIE contain lipid and signaling molecules suggesting that they might be involved in important biological processes. During vasculogenesis, new blood vessels are formed from precursor cells in a process involving internalization and accumulation of endocytic vesicles. Here, we found that CIE has a role in endothelial lumen formation. Specifically, we found that human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) utilize CIE for internalization of distinct cargo molecules and that in three-dimensional cultures CIE membranes are delivered to the newly formed lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Porat-Shliom
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie G. Donaldson
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Schiffmacher AT, Padmanabhan R, Jhingory S, Taneyhill LA. Cadherin-6B is proteolytically processed during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions of the cranial neural crest. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:41-54. [PMID: 24196837 PMCID: PMC3873892 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly coordinated process underlying both development and disease. Premigratory neural crest cells undergo EMT, migrate away from the neural tube, and differentiate into diverse cell types during vertebrate embryogenesis. Adherens junction disassembly within premigratory neural crest cells is one component of EMT and, in chick cranial neural crest cells, involves cadherin-6B (Cad6B) down-regulation. Whereas Cad6B transcription is repressed by Snail2, the rapid loss of Cad6B protein during EMT is suggestive of posttranslational mechanisms that promote Cad6B turnover. For the first time in vivo, we demonstrate Cad6B proteolysis during neural crest cell EMT, which generates a Cad6B N-terminal fragment (NTF) and two C-terminal fragments (CTF1/2). Coexpression of relevant proteases with Cad6B in vitro shows that a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) ADAM10 and ADAM19, together with γ-secretase, cleave Cad6B to produce the NTF and CTFs previously observed in vivo. Of importance, both ADAMs and γ-secretase are expressed in the appropriate spatiotemporal pattern in vivo to proteolytically process Cad6B. Overexpression or depletion of either ADAM within premigratory neural crest cells prematurely reduces or maintains Cad6B, respectively. Collectively these results suggest a dual mechanism for Cad6B proteolysis involving two ADAMs, along with γ-secretase, during cranial neural crest cell EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Schiffmacher
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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36
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Keil R, Hatzfeld M. The armadillo protein p0071 is involved in Rab11-dependent recycling. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:60-71. [PMID: 24163434 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.132266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p0071 is an intercellular junction protein of the p120 catenin family. We have identified Rab11a as a novel interaction partner of p0071. p0071 interacted preferentially with active Rab11a. Knockdown experiments revealed an interdependent regulation of both proteins. On the one hand, p0071 depletion induced a perinuclear accumulation of Rab11, suggesting a role of p0071 in the anterograde transport of Rab11 from the pericentrosomal region to the plasma membrane but not in retrograde transport. p0071 as well as Rab11 depletion increased transferrin receptor recycling indicating that p0071-induced Rab11 mislocalization interfered with Rab11 function and shifted recycling from the slow Rab11-dependent pathway to the fast Rab4-dependent pathway. When p0071 or Rab11 depletion was combined with a Rab4 knockdown the effect was reversed. On the other hand, Rab11a depletion increased p0071 recycling to cell contacts thereby identifying p0071 as a Rab11 cargo protein. This correlated with increased intercellular adhesion. Thus, we propose that p0071 has a key role in regulating recycling through the Rab11-dependent perinuclear recycling compartment, and links the regulation of adherens junctions to recycling to allow dynamic modulation of intercellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Hollystrasse 1, 06114 Halle, Germany
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Morton PE, Hicks A, Nastos T, Santis G, Parsons M. CAR regulates epithelial cell junction stability through control of E-cadherin trafficking. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2889. [PMID: 24096322 PMCID: PMC3791454 DOI: 10.1038/srep02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR (Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor) is the primary docking receptor for typeB coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. CAR is a member of the JAM family of adhesion receptors and is located to both tight and adherens junctions between epithelial cells where it can assemble adhesive contacts through homodimerisation in trans. However, the role of CAR in controlling epithelial junction dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that levels of CAR in human epithelial cells play a key role in determining epithelial cell adhesion through control of E-cadherin stability at cell-cell junctions. Mechanistically, we show that CAR is phosphorylated within the C-terminus by PKCδ and that this in turn controls Src-dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin at cell junctions. This data demonstrates a novel role for CAR in regulating epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny E Morton
- 1] Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom [2] Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Ivanov AI, Naydenov NG. Dynamics and regulation of epithelial adherens junctions: recent discoveries and controversies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 303:27-99. [PMID: 23445808 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407697-6.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are evolutionarily conserved plasma-membrane structures that mediate cell-cell adhesions in multicellular organisms. They are organized by several types of adhesive integral membrane proteins, most notably cadherins and nectins that are clustered and stabilized by a number of cytoplasmic scaffolds. AJs are key regulators of tissue architecture and dynamics via control of cell proliferation, polarity, shape, motility, and survival. They are absolutely critical for normal tissue morphogenesis and their disruption results in pathological abnormalities in different tissues. Although the field of adherens-junction research dramatically progressed in recent years, a number of important questions remain controversial and poorly understood. This review outlines basic principles that regulate organization of AJs in mammalian epithelia and discusses recent advances and standing controversies in the field. A special attention is paid to the regulation of AJs by vesicle trafficking and the intracellular cytoskeleton as well as roles and mechanisms of adherens-junction disruption during tumor progression and tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Maldonado-Báez L, Williamson C, Donaldson JG. Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a cargo-centric view. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2759-69. [PMID: 23954817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-independent endocytosis occurs in all cells and interest in this mode of cellular entry has grown. Although this form of endocytosis was first described for entry of bacterial toxins, here we focus our attention on the endogenous cell surface "cargo" proteins that enter cells by this mechanism. The cargo proteins entering by this mechanism are varied and include nutrient transporters, ion channels, cell adhesion molecules and proteins associated with the immune system. Despite the apparent lack of selection at the cell surface, we provide some examples of specific sorting of these cargo proteins after entry, leading to distinct itineraries and cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie Maldonado-Báez
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Antalffy G, Pászty K, Varga K, Hegedűs L, Enyedi Á, Padányi R. A C-terminal di-leucine motif controls plasma membrane expression of PMCA4b. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2561-2572. [PMID: 23830917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences show that the localization of different plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPases (PMCAs) is regulated in various complex, cell type-specific ways. Here we show that in low-density epithelial and endothelial cells PMCA4b localized mostly in intracellular compartments and its plasma membrane localization was enhanced upon increasing density of cells. In good correlation with the enhanced plasma membrane localization a significantly more efficient Ca(2+) clearance was observed in confluent versus non-confluent HeLa cell cultures expressing mCherry-PMCA4b. We analyzed the subcellular localization and function of various C-terminally truncated PMCA4b variants and found that a truncated mutant PMCA4b-ct24 was mostly intracellular while another mutant, PMCA4b-ct48, localized more to the plasma membrane, indicating that a protein sequence corresponding to amino acid residues 1158-1181 contained a signal responsible for the intracellular retention of PMCA4b in non-confluent cultures. Alteration of three leucines to alanines at positions 1167-1169 resulted in enhanced cell surface expression and an appropriate Ca(2+) transport activity of both wild type and truncated pumps, suggesting that the di-leucine-like motif (1167)LLL was crucial in targeting PMCA4b. Furthermore, upon loss of cell-cell contact by extracellular Ca(2+) removal, the wild-type pump was translocated to the early endosomal compartment. Targeting PMCA4b to early endosomes was diminished by the L(1167-69)A mutation, and the mutant pump accumulated in long tubular cytosolic structures. In summary, we report a di-leucine-like internalization signal at the C-tail of PMCA4b and suggest an internalization-mediated loss of function of the pump upon low degree of cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Antalffy
- Molecular Biophysics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Department of Biophysics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Pászty
- Molecular Biophysics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Department of Biophysics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karolina Varga
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Hegedűs
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Enyedi
- Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Padányi
- Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary.
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Maldonado-Báez L, Cole NB, Krämer H, Donaldson JG. Microtubule-dependent endosomal sorting of clathrin-independent cargo by Hook1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:233-47. [PMID: 23589492 PMCID: PMC3628520 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201208172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hook1, a microtubule and cargo tethering protein, is important for the sorting of clathrin-independent cargoes away from EEA1+ endosomes and promotes their recycling. Many plasma membrane (PM) proteins enter cells nonselectively through clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). Here, we present evidence that cytoplasmic sequences in three CIE cargo proteins—CD44, CD98, and CD147—were responsible for the rapid sorting of these proteins into endosomal tubules away from endosomes associated with early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1). We found that Hook1, a microtubule- and cargo-tethering protein, recognized the cytoplasmic tail of CD147 to help sort it and CD98 into Rab22a-dependent tubules associated with recycling. Depletion of Hook1 from cells altered trafficking of CD44, CD98, and CD147 toward EEA1 compartments and impaired the recycling of CD98 back to the PM. In contrast, another CIE cargo protein, major histocompatibility complex class I, which normally traffics to EEA1 compartments, was not affected by depletion of Hook1. Loss of Hook1 also led to an inhibition of cell spreading, implicating a role for Hook1 sorting of specific CIE cargo proteins away from bulk membrane and back to the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie Maldonado-Báez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Endocytosis of gene delivery vectors: from clathrin-dependent to lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1118-30. [PMID: 23587924 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal nonviral vector delivers its nucleic acid cargo to a specific intracellular target. Vectors enter cells mainly through endocytosis and are distributed to various intracellular organelles. Recent advances in microscopy, lipidomics, and proteomics confirm that the cell membrane is composed of clusters of lipids, organized in the form of lipid raft domains, together with non-raft domains that comprise a generally disordered lipid milieu. The binding of a nonviral vector to either region can determine the pathway for its endocytic uptake and subsequent intracellular itinerary. Given this model of the cell membrane structure, endocytic pathways should be reclassified in relation to lipid rafts. In this review, we attempt to assess the currently recognized endocytic pathways in mammalian cells. The endocytic pathways are classified in relation to the membrane regions that make up the primary endocytic vesicles. This review covers the well-recognized clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis in addition to the less addressed pathways that take place in lipid rafts. These include caveolae-mediated, flotillin-dependent, GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase-1 (GRAF1)-dependent, adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6)-dependent, and RhoA-dependent endocytic pathways. We summarize the regulators associated with each uptake pathway and methods for interfering with these regulators are discussed. The fate of endocytic vesicles resulting from each endocytic uptake pathway is highlighted.
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Du M, Young J, De Asis M, Cipollone J, Roskelley C, Takai Y, Nicholls PK, Stanton PG, Deng W, Finlay BB, Vogl AW. A novel subcellular machine contributes to basal junction remodeling in the seminiferous epithelium. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:60. [PMID: 23303684 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulobulbar complexes are cytoskeleton-related membrane structures that develop at sites of intercellular attachment in mammalian seminiferous epithelium. At apical junctions between Sertoli cells and spermatids, the structures internalize adhesion junctions and are a component of the sperm release mechanism. Here we explore the possibility that tubulobulbar complexes that form at the blood-testis barrier are subcellular machines that internalize basal junction complexes. Using electron microscopy, we confirmed that morphologically identifiable tight and gap junctions are present in basal tubulobulbar complexes in rats. In addition, immunological probes for claudin-11 (CLDN11), connexin-43 (GJA1), and nectin-2 (PVRL2) react with linear structures at the light level that we interpret as tubulobulbar complexes, and probes for early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and Rab5 (RAB5A) react in similar locations. Significantly, fluorescence patterns for actin and claudin-11 indicate that the amount of junction present is dramatically reduced over the time period that tubulobulbar complexes are known to be most prevalent during spermatogenesis. We also demonstrated, using electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, that tubulobulbar complexes develop at basal junctions in primary cultures of Sertoli cells and that like their in vivo counterparts, the structures contain junction proteins. We use this culture system together with transfection techniques to show that junction proteins from one transfected cell occur in structures that project into adjacent nontransfected cells as predicted by the junction internalization hypothesis. On the basis of our findings, we present a new model for basal junction remodeling as it relates to spermatocyte translocation in the seminiferous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Vogl AW, Young JS, Du M. New insights into roles of tubulobulbar complexes in sperm release and turnover of blood-testis barrier. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 303:319-55. [PMID: 23445814 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407697-6.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tubulobulbar complexes are actin-filament-related structures that form at intercellular junctions in the seminiferous epithelium of mammalian testis. The structures occur both at adhesion junctions between Sertoli cells and the maturing spermatids in apical regions of the epithelium, and at junction complexes between neighboring Sertoli cells near the base of the epithelium. Here, we review the general morphology and molecular composition of tubulobulbar complexes, and also include a description of tubulobulbar complex structure in the human seminiferous epithelium. Although tubulobulbar complexes are unique to the seminiferous epithelium, they have the molecular signature of clathrin-based endocytosis machinery present generally in cells. We review the evidence that tubulobulbar complexes internalize intact intercellular junctions and are significant components of the sperm-release mechanism and the process by which spermatocytes translocate from basal to adluminal compartments of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Contribution of cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition to the tumour microenvironment. J Proteomics 2013; 78:545-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Serva A, Knapp B, Tsai YT, Claas C, Lisauskas T, Matula P, Harder N, Kaderali L, Rohr K, Erfle H, Eils R, Braga V, Starkuviene V. miR-17-5p regulates endocytic trafficking through targeting TBC1D2/Armus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52555. [PMID: 23285084 PMCID: PMC3527550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA cluster miR-17-92 is known as oncomir-1 due to its potent oncogenic function. miR-17-92 is a polycistronic cluster that encodes 6 miRNAs, and can both facilitate and inhibit cell proliferation. Known targets of miRNAs encoded by this cluster are largely regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Here, we show that miRNAs encoded by this cluster and sharing the seed sequence of miR-17 exert their influence on one of the most essential cellular processes – endocytic trafficking. By mRNA expression analysis we identified that regulation of endocytic trafficking by miR-17 can potentially be achieved by targeting of a number of trafficking regulators. We have thoroughly validated TBC1D2/Armus, a GAP of Rab7 GTPase, as a novel target of miR-17. Our study reveals regulation of endocytic trafficking as a novel function of miR-17, which might act cooperatively with other functions of miR-17 and related miRNAs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Serva
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yueh-Tso Tsai
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Petr Matula
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Harder
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vania Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chen J, Nekrasova OE, Patel DM, Klessner JL, Godsel LM, Koetsier JL, Amargo EV, Desai BV, Green KJ. The C-terminal unique region of desmoglein 2 inhibits its internalization via tail-tail interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 199:699-711. [PMID: 23128240 PMCID: PMC3494854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201202105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tail–tail interactions of desmoglein 2, promoted by its C-terminal unique region, inhibit its internalization, stabilizing it at the cell surface and promoting intercellular adhesion. Desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins (Dsgs) and desmocollins, make up the adhesive core of intercellular junctions called desmosomes. A critical determinant of epithelial adhesive strength is the level and organization of desmosomal cadherins on the cell surface. The Dsg subclass of desmosomal cadherins contains a C-terminal unique region (Dsg unique region [DUR]) with unknown function. In this paper, we show that the DUR of Dsg2 stabilized Dsg2 at the cell surface by inhibiting its internalization and promoted strong intercellular adhesion. DUR also facilitated Dsg tail–tail interactions. Forced dimerization of a Dsg2 tail lacking the DUR led to decreased internalization, supporting the conclusion that these two functions of the DUR are mechanistically linked. We also show that a Dsg2 mutant, V977fsX1006, identified in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients, led to a loss of Dsg2 tail self-association and underwent rapid endocytosis in cardiac muscle cells. Our observations illustrate a new mechanism desmosomal cadherins use to control their surface levels, a key factor in determining their adhesion and signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Li L, Bennett SAL, Wang L. Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:59-70. [PMID: 22647941 PMCID: PMC3364139 DOI: 10.4161/cam.19583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs, including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells) involve a number of processes that require cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), a group of cell surface proteins play a pivotal role in mediating such interactions. Recent studies have provided insights into the essential roles and mechanisms of CAMs in the regulation of hPSC fate decisions. Here, we review the latest research progress in this field and focus on how E-cadherin and several other important CAMs including classic cadherins, Ig-superfamily CAMs, integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans control survival and differentiation of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Chavez MG, Buhr CA, Petrie WK, Wandinger-Ness A, Kusewitt DF, Hudson LG. Differential downregulation of e-cadherin and desmoglein by epidermal growth factor. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:309587. [PMID: 22312325 PMCID: PMC3270554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/309587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cell : cell junctions is a key event in cutaneous wound repair. In this study we report that activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor disrupts cell : cell adhesion, but with different kinetics and fates for the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein and for E-cadherin. Downregulation of desmoglein preceded that of E-cadherin in vivo and in an EGF-stimulated in vitro wound reepithelialization model. Dual immunofluorescence staining revealed that neither E-cadherin nor desmoglein-2 internalized with the EGF receptor, or with one another. In response to EGF, desmoglein-2 entered a recycling compartment based on predominant colocalization with the recycling marker Rab11. In contrast, E-cadherin downregulation was accompanied by cleavage of the extracellular domain. A broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor protected E-cadherin but not the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-2, from EGF-stimulated disruption. These findings demonstrate that although activation of the EGF receptor regulates adherens junction and desmosomal components, this stimulus downregulates associated cadherins through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquella G. Chavez
- Division of Bioengineering, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian A. Buhr
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Whitney K. Petrie
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC 09 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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50
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New Insights into the Regulation of E-cadherin Distribution by Endocytosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 295:63-108. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394306-4.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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