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Hall B, Amin N, Veeranna, Hisanaga SI, Kulkarni AB. A Retrospective Tribute to Dr. Harish Pant (1938-2023) and His Seminal Work on Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04234-5. [PMID: 39235580 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Dr. Harish Chandra Pant was Chief of the Section on Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation within the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the NIH. A main focus of his group was understanding the mechanisms regulating neuronal cytoskeletal phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of neurofilaments can increase filament stability and confer resistance to proteolysis, but aberrant hyperphosphorylation of neurofilaments can be found in the neurofibrillary tangles that are seen with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease (AD). Through his work, Harish would inevitably come across cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a key kinase that can phosphorylate neurofilaments at KSPXK motifs. Cdk5 differs from other Cdks in that its activity is mainly in post-mitotic neurons rather than being involved in the cell cycle in dividing cells. With continued interest in Cdk5, Harish and his group were instrumental in identifying important roles for this neuronal kinase in not only neuronal cytoskeleton phosphorylation but also in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival. Here, we review the accomplishments of Harish in characterizing the functions of Cdk5 and its involvement in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Hall
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Niranjana Amin
- Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes and Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veeranna
- Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes and Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Noll JM, Sherafat AA, Ford GD, Ford BD. The case for neuregulin-1 as a clinical treatment for stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1325630. [PMID: 38638304 PMCID: PMC11024452 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1325630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability and the 5th leading cause of death in the United States. Revascularization of the occluded cerebral artery, either by thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, is the only effective, clinically-approved stroke therapy. Several potentially neuroprotective agents, including glutamate antagonists, anti-inflammatory compounds and free radical scavenging agents were shown to be effective neuroprotectants in preclinical animal models of brain ischemia. However, these compounds did not demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials with human patients following stroke. Proposed reasons for the translational failure include an insufficient understanding on the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, lack of alignment between preclinical and clinical studies and inappropriate design of clinical trials based on the preclinical findings. Therefore, novel neuroprotective treatments must be developed based on a clearer understanding of the complex spatiotemporal mechanisms of ischemic stroke and with proper clinical trial design based on the preclinical findings from specific animal models of stroke. We and others have demonstrated the clinical potential for neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) in preclinical stroke studies. NRG-1 significantly reduced ischemia-induced neuronal death, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in rodent stroke models with a therapeutic window of >13 h. Clinically, NRG-1 was shown to be safe in human patients and improved cardiac function in multisite phase II studies for heart failure. This review summarizes previous stroke clinical candidates and provides evidence that NRG-1 represents a novel, safe, neuroprotective strategy that has potential therapeutic value in treating individuals after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Noll
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States
- Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Arya A. Sherafat
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Gregory D. Ford
- Southern University-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Byron D. Ford
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Bao L, Lan XM, Zhang GQ, Bao X, Li B, Ma DN, Luo HY, Cao SL, Liu SY, Jing E, Zhang JZ, Zheng YL. Cdk5 activation promotes Cos-7 cells transition towards neuronal-like cells. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220318. [PMID: 37901140 PMCID: PMC10612488 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity is specifically active in neurogenesis, and Cdk5 and neocortical neurons migration related biomarker are expressed in Cos-7 cells. However, the function of Cdk5 on the transformation of immortalized Cos-7 cells into neuronal-like cells is not clear. Methods Cdk5 kinase activity was measured by [γ-32P] ATP and p81 phosphocellulose pads based method. The expression of neuron liker markers was evaluated by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, Western blot, and Elisa. Results P35 overexpression upregulated Cdk5 kinase activity in Cos-7 cells. p35 mediated Cdk5 expression promoted the generation of nerite-like outgrowth. Compared with the empty vector, p35-induced Cdk5 activation resulted in time-dependent increase in neuron-like marker, including Tau, NF-H, NF-H&M, and TuJ1. Tau-5 and NF-M exhibited increased expression at 48 h while TuJ1 was only detectable after 96 h in p35 expressed Cos-7 cells. Additionally, the neural cell biomarkers exhibited well colocation with p35 proteins. Next-generation RNA sequence showed that p35 overexpression significantly upregulated the level of nerve growth factor (NGF). Gene set enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of multiple neuron development pathways and increased NGF expression after p35 overexpression. Conclusion p35-mediated Cdk5 activation promotes the transformation of immortalized Cos-7 cells into neuronal-like cells by upregulating NGF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lan
- Graduate School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Xi Bao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Na Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lu Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
| | - E Jing
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750004, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ningxia Medical University Affiliated People’s Hospital of Autonomous Region of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750002, P.R. China
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Ahmad M, Krüger BT, Kroll T, Vettorazzi S, Dorn AK, Mengele F, Lee S, Nandi S, Yilmaz D, Stolz M, Tangudu NK, Vázquez DC, Pachmayr J, Cirstea IC, Spasic MV, Ploubidou A, Ignatius A, Tuckermann J. Inhibition of Cdk5 increases osteoblast differentiation and bone mass and improves fracture healing. Bone Res 2022; 10:33. [PMID: 35383146 PMCID: PMC8983726 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of regulators of osteoblastogenesis that can be pharmacologically targeted is a major goal in combating osteoporosis, a common disease of the elderly population. Here, unbiased kinome RNAi screening in primary murine osteoblasts identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) as a suppressor of osteoblast differentiation in both murine and human preosteoblastic cells. Cdk5 knockdown by siRNA, genetic deletion using the Cre-loxP system, or inhibition with the small molecule roscovitine enhanced osteoblastogenesis in vitro. Roscovitine treatment significantly enhanced bone mass by increasing osteoblastogenesis and improved fracture healing in mice. Mechanistically, downregulation of Cdk5 expression increased Erk phosphorylation, resulting in enhanced osteoblast-specific gene expression. Notably, simultaneous Cdk5 and Erk depletion abrogated the osteoblastogenesis conferred by Cdk5 depletion alone, suggesting that Cdk5 regulates osteoblast differentiation through MAPK pathway modulation. We conclude that Cdk5 is a potential therapeutic target to treat osteoporosis and improve fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thilo Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Dorn
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Mengele
- Praxisklinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Neurochirurgie Prof. Bischoff/Dr. Spies/Dr. Mengele, 89231, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dilay Yilmaz
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Stolz
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Center Avenue, 15232, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Carro Vázquez
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,TAmiRNA GmbH, Leberstrasse 20, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Pachmayr
- Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniverstät, Institute of Pharmacy, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Vujic Spasic
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aspasia Ploubidou
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany.
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Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Overexpression in INS-1E Cells Influences Amylin Oligomerization under ER Stress and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111341. [PMID: 34768769 PMCID: PMC8583535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amylin or islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is synthesized in the pancreatic β-cells and has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro and in vivo. This study compared amylin oligomerization/expression and signal transduction under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing INS-1E cells presented different patterns of amylin oligomerization/expression under ER stress and oxidative stress. Amylin oligomerization/expression under ER stress showed three amylin oligomers of less than 15 kDa size in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells, while one band was detected under oxidative stress. Under ER stress conditions, HIF1α, p-ERK, CHOP, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Bax were significantly increased in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the pCMV-Entry-expressing cells (control), whereas p-Akt, p-mTOR, Mn-SOD, catalase, and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Under oxidative stress conditions, HIF1α, p-ERK, CHOP, Mn-SOD, catalase, and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the control, whereas p-mTOR, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Bax were significantly increased. In mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the mitochondrial complex I and complex IV were significantly decreased under ER stress conditions and significantly increased under oxidative stress conditions in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells compared to the control. The present study results demonstrate that amylin undergoes oligomerization under ER stress in pCMV-hIAPP-overexpressing cells. In addition, human amylin overexpression under ER stress in the pancreatic β cells may enhance amylin protein aggregation, resulting in β-cell dysfunction.
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Liu QQ, Ding SK, Zhang H, Shang YZ. The Molecular Mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Stems and Leaves Flavonoids in Promoting Neurogenesis and Improving Memory Impairment by the PI3K-AKT-CREB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:919-933. [PMID: 33966617 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210506152320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect, and molecular mechanism of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi stems and leaves flavonoids (SSF) in promoting neurogenesis and improving memory impairment induced by the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway. METHODS Alzheimer's disease (AD) was induced in the male Wistar rats by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta-peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1(RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ). The Morris water maze was used to screen the successful establishment of the memory impairment model of rats. The screened successful model rats were randomly divided into a model group and three groups of three different doses of the drug (SSF). Rats in the drug group were treated with 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg of SSF for 43 days. The Eight-arm maze was used to measure the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rat, including working memory errors (WME) and reference memory errors (RME). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BrdU, an indicator of neuronal proliferation, in the hippocampal gyrus of rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, and IGF2 in the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting methods. RESULTS Compared to the sham group, the spatial memory ability of rats with composited Aβ was decreased, the number of WME and RME (P < 0.01) was increased, the expression of BrdU protein (P < 0.01) in the hippocampal gyrus was reduced, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRKB, AKT, and IGF2 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were lowered, and the mRNA expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the cerebral cortex and the protein expression level of PI3K (P < 0.01) in the hippocampus were augmented. However, compared to the model group, the three-doses of SSF improved memory disorder induced by composited Aβ, reduced the number of WME and RME, increased the expression of BrdU protein in the hippocampal gyrus, and differently regulated the mRNA and protein expressions in composited Aβ rats. CONCLUSION SSF improved memory impairment and neurogenesis disorder induced by composited Aβ in rats by activating the PI3K-AKT-CREB signaling pathway and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of TRKB, PI3K, AKT, CREB, and IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Hebei Province Key Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Dementia, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Ding
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Hebei Province Key Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Dementia, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Hebei Province Key Research Office of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Dementia, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Shang
- The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
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Rajasekaran A, Shivakumar V, Kalmady SV, Parlikar R, Chhabra H, Prabhu A, Subbanna M, Venugopal D, Amaresha AC, Agarwal SM, Bose A, Narayanaswamy JC, Debnath M, Venkatasubramanian G. Impact of NRG1 HapICE gene variants on digit ratio and dermatoglyphic measures in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102363. [PMID: 33271685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence have suggested a potential role of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Interaction between genetic risk variants present within NRG1 locus and non-specific gestational putative insults can significantly impair crucial processes of brain development. Such genetic effects can be analyzed through the assessment of digit ratio and dermatoglyphic patterns. We examined the role of two well-replicated polymorphisms of NRG1 (SNP8NRG221533 and SNP8NRG243177) on schizophrenia risk and its probable impact on the digit ratio and dermatoglyphic measures in patients (N = 221) and healthy controls (N = 200). In schizophrenia patients, but not in healthy controls, a significant association between NRG1 SNP8NRG221533 C/C genotype with lower left 2D:4D ratio, as well as with higher FA_TbcRC and DA_TbcRC. The substantial effect of SNP8NRG221533 on both digit ratio and dermatoglyphic measures suggest a potential role for NRG1 gene variants on neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Rajasekaran
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil V Kalmady
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rujuta Parlikar
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ananya Prabhu
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjula Subbanna
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepthi Venugopal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anekal C Amaresha
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anushree Bose
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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8
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Bobilev AM, Perez JM, Tamminga CA. Molecular alterations in the medial temporal lobe in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:71-85. [PMID: 31227207 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) and its individual structures have been extensively implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, with considerable efforts aimed at identifying structural and functional differences in this brain region. The major structures of the MTL for which prominent differences have been revealed include the hippocampus, the amygdala and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). The different functions of each of these regions have been comprehensively characterized, and likely contribute differently to schizophrenia. While neuroimaging studies provide an essential framework for understanding the role of these MTL structures in various aspects of the disease, ongoing efforts have sought to employ molecular measurements in order to elucidate the biology underlying these macroscopic differences. This review provides a summary of the molecular findings in three major MTL structures, and discusses convergent findings in cellular architecture and inter-and intra-cellular networks. The findings of this effort have uncovered cell-type, network and gene-level specificity largely unique to each brain region, indicating distinct molecular origins of disease etiology. Future studies should test the functional implications of these molecular changes at the circuit level, and leverage new advances in sequencing technology to further refine our understanding of the differential contribution of MTL structures to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M Bobilev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Jessica M Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States of America.
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Chen S, Hou Y, Zhao Z, Luo Y, Lv S, Wang Q, Li J, He L, Zhou L, Wu W. Neuregulin-1 Accelerates Functional Motor Recovery by Improving Motoneuron Survival After Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 404:510-518. [PMID: 30731156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) results in the complete loss of motor function in the upper limb, mainly due to the death of spinal motoneurons (MNs). The survival of spinal MNs is the key to the recovery of motor function. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) plays fundamental roles in nervous system development and nerve repair. However, its functional role in BPRA remains unclear. On the basis of our findings that Nrg1 is down-regulated in the ventral horn in a mouse model of BPRA, Nrg1 may be associated with BPRA. Here, we investigated whether recombinant Nrg1β (rNrg1β) can enhance the survival of spinal MNs and improve functional recovery in mice following BPRA. In vitro studies on primary cultured mouse MNs showed that rNrg1β increased the survival rate in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a peak at 5 nM, which increased the survival rate and enhanced the pERK levels in MNs under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In vivo studies revealed that rNrg1β improved the functional recovery of elbow flexion, promoted the survival of MNs, enhanced the re-innervation of biceps brachii, and decreased the muscle atrophy. These results suggest that Nrg1 may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqin Lv
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianghua Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liumin He
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Re-Stem Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China.
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10
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Xue WK, Zhao WJ, Meng XH, Shen HF, Huang PZ. Spinal cord injury induced Neuregulin 1 signaling changes in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:180-186. [PMID: 30529367 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Avanes A, Lenz G, Momand J. Darpp-32 and t-Darpp protein products of PPP1R1B: Old dogs with new tricks. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:71-79. [PMID: 30552871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PPP1R1B gene is located on chromosome 17q12 (39,626,208-39,636,626[GRCh38/hg38]), which codes for multiple transcripts and two experimentally-documented proteins Darpp-32 and t-Darpp. Darpp-32 (Dopamine and cAMP Regulated Phosphoprotein), discovered in the early 1980s, is a protein whose phosphorylation is upregulated in response to cAMP in dopamine-responsive tissues in the brain. It's phosphorylation profile modulates its ability to bind and inhibit Protein Phosphatase 1 activity, which, in turn, controls the activity of hundreds of phosphorylated proteins. PPP1R1B knockout mice exhibit subtle learning defects. In 2002, the second protein product of PPP1R1B was discovered in gastric cancers: t-Darpp (truncated Darpp-32). The start codon of t-Darpp is amino acid residue 37 of Darpp-32 and it lacks the domain responsible for modulating Protein Phosphatase 1. Aside from gastric cancers, t-Darpp and/or Darpp-32 is overexpressed in tumor cells from breast, colon, esophagus, lung and prostate tissues. More than one research team has demonstrated that these proteins, through mechanisms that to date remain cloudy, activate AKT, a protein whose phosphorylation leads to cell survival and blocks apoptosis. Furthermore, in Her2 positive breast cancers (an aggressive form of breast cancer), t-Darpp/Darpp-32 overexpression causes resistance to the frequently-administered anti-Her2 drug, trastuzumab (Herceptin), likely through AKT activation. Here we briefly describe how Darpp-32 and t-Darpp were discovered and report on the current state of knowledge of their involvement in cancers. We present a case for the development of an anti-t-Darpp therapeutic agent and outline the unique challenges this endeavor will likely encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabo Avanes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gal Lenz
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Jamil Momand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Zhang R, Liu C, Ji Y, Teng L, Guo Y. Neuregulin-1β Plays a Neuroprotective Role by Inhibiting the Cdk5 Signaling Pathway after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:261-272. [PMID: 30206770 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of neuregulin-1β (NRG1β) after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats to evaluate whether they occur via the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)5 signaling pathway. One hundred adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, MCAO/R, treatment (NRG1β), inhibitor (roscovitine; Ros), and inhibitor + treatment (Ros + NRG1β) groups. The MCAO/R model was established using the intraluminal thread method. The neurobehavioral function was evaluated by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The cerebral infarction volume (CIV) was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The apoptotic cell index (ACI) was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of calpain 1, p35/p25 (regulatory binding partners of Cdk5), Cdk5, and p-Tau in neurons. The neuronal morphology in the MCAO/R, NRG1β, Ros + NRG1β, and Ros groups differed compared to the sham group; the mNSS, CIV, ACI, and the expression of calpain 1, p35/p25, Cdk5, and p-Tau were significantly increased in all four groups (P < 0.05). In the NRG1β, Ros and Ros + NRG1β groups, the neuronal morphology was significantly improved compared to the MCAO/R group, as were the mNSS, CIV, and ACI. The levels of calpain 1, p35/p25, and p-Tau were decreased compared with the MCAO/R group (P < 0.05), while the Cdk5 expression was not significantly different (P > 0.05). NRG1β may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the expression of calpain 1, p35/p25, and p-Tau after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department Traumic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaqing Ji
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lei Teng
- Department of Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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13
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Akila Parvathy Dharshini S, Taguchi YH, Michael Gromiha M. Exploring the selective vulnerability in Alzheimer disease using tissue specific variant analysis. Genomics 2018; 111:936-949. [PMID: 29879491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of distinct regions of the brain is a critical factor in neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurons in hippocampus situated in medial temporal lobe are immensely damaged. Identifying tissue-specific variants is essential in order to perceive the selective vulnerability in AD. In current work, we aligned mRNA-seq data with HG19/HG38 genomic assembly and identified specific variations present in temporal, frontal and other lobes of the AD using sequence alignment map tools. We compared the results with the genome-wide association and gene expression quantitative trait loci studies of the various neurological disorders. We also distinguished variants and epitranscriptomic modifications through the RNA-modification database and evaluated the variant effect in the coding/UTR regions. In addition, we developed genetic and functional interaction networks to understand the relationship between predicted vulnerable variations and differentially expressed genes. We found that genes involved in gliogenesis, intermediate filament organization are altered in the temporal lobe. Oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium ion homeostasis are modified in the frontal lobe, and protein degradation, apoptotic signaling are altered in other lobes. From this study, we propose that disruption of glial cell structural integrity, defective gliogenesis, and failure in glia-neuron communication are the primary factors for selective vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Y-H Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamilnadu, India; Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit (ACDD), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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14
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Kim YJ, Yoo JY, Kim OS, Kim HB, Ryu J, Kim HS, Lee JH, Yoo HI, Song DY, Baik TK, Woo RS. Neuregulin 1 regulates amyloid precursor protein cell surface expression and non-amyloidogenic processing. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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15
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Liao D, Guo Y, Xiang D, Dang R, Xu P, Cai H, Cao L, Jiang P. Dysregulation of Neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling in the hippocampus of rats after administration of doxorubicin. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:231-239. [PMID: 29430172 PMCID: PMC5796460 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Long-term use of doxorubicin (Dox) can cause neurobiological side effects associated with depression, but the underlying mechanisms remain equivocal. While recent evidence has indicated that Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its ErbB receptors play an essential role in neural function, much is still unknown concerning the biological link between the NRG1/ErbB pathway and the Dox-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, we examined the protein expression of NRG1 and ErbB receptors in the hippocampus of rats following Dox treatment. Materials and methods The drug was administered every 2 days at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, and the animals in different groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection for three or seven times, respectively. Results Our data showed that the rats treated with Dox for seven times (DoxL group) exhibited depression-like behaviors, whereas the short-term treatment (DoxS group) had no effect on the behavioral changes. Dox treatment also induced the neural apoptosis with more severe neurotoxicity. Intriguingly, the expression of NRG1 and the ratio of pErbB4/ErbB4 and pErbB2/ErbB2 were significantly decreased in the DoxL group, but enhanced activation of ErbB receptors was observed in the DoxS group. In parallel, administration of Dox for seven times suppressed the downstream Akt and ERK phosphorylation, while the Akt phosphorylation was enhanced with the administration of Dox for three times. Conclusion Our data first showed the Dox-induced alterations of the NRG1/ErbB system in the hippocampus, indicating the potential involvement of the NRG1/ErbB pathway in the Dox-induced nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Yujin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Ruili Dang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
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16
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Hong SH, Lee WJ, Kim YD, Kim H, Jeon YJ, Lim B, Cho DH, Heo WD, Yang DH, Kim CY, Yang HK, Yang JK, Jung YK. APIP, an ERBB3-binding partner, stimulates erbB2-3 heterodimer formation to promote tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21601-17. [PMID: 26942872 PMCID: PMC5008309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member ERBB3 (HER3) is deregulated in many cancers, the list of ERBB3-interacting partners remains limited. Here, we report that the Apaf-1-interacting protein (APIP) stimulates heregulin-β1 (HRG-β1)/ERBB3-driven cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. APIP levels are frequently increased in human gastric cancers and gastric cancer-derived cells. Cell proliferation and tumor formation are repressed by APIP downregulation and stimulated by its overexpression. APIP's role in the ERBB3 pathway is not associated with its functions within the methionine salvage pathway. In response to HRG-β1, APIP binds to the ERBB3 receptor, leading to an enhanced binding of ERBB3 and ERBB2 that results in sustained activations of ERK1/2 and AKT protein kinases. Furthermore, HRG-β1/ERBB3-dependent signaling is gained in APIP transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not lost in Apip−/− MEFs. Our findings offer compelling evidence that APIP plays an essential role in ERBB3 signaling as a positive regulator for tumorigenesis, warranting future development of therapeutic strategies for ERBB3-driven gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Hong
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young Doo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Bitna Lim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeoggi-Do 446-701, Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Doo-Hyun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jin Kuk Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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17
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Huang PH, Chen MC, Peng YT, Kao WH, Chang CH, Wang YC, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Wang JH, Lee YT, Lin E, Yue CH, Wang HY, You SC, Lin H. Cdk5 Directly Targets Nuclear p21CIP1 and Promotes Cancer Cell Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 76:6888-6900. [PMID: 27909065 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The significance of Cdk5 in cell-cycle control and cancer biology has gained increased attention. Here we report the inverse correlation between the protein levels of Cdk5 and p21CIP1 from cell-based and clinical analysis. Mechanistically, we identify that Cdk5 overexpression triggers the proteasome-dependent degradation of p21CIP1 through a S130 phosphorylation in a Cdk2-independent manner. Besides, the evidence from cell-based and clinical analysis shows that Cdk5 primarily regulates nuclear p21CIP1 protein degradation. S130A-p21CIP1 mutant enables to block either its protein degradation or the increase of cancer cell growth caused by Cdk5. Notably, Cdk5-triggered p21CIP1 targeting primarily appears in S-phase, while Cdk5 overexpression increases the activation of Cdk2 and its interaction with DNA polymerase δ. The in vivo results show that Cdk2 might play an important role in the downstream signaling to Cdk5. In summary, these findings suggest that Cdk5 in a high expression status promotes cancer growth by directly and rapidly releasing p21CIP1-dependent cell-cycle inhibition and subsequent Cdk2 activation, which illustrates an oncogenic role of Cdk5 potentially applied for future diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6888-900. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jo-Hsin Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tsung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Chi You
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Bhounsule AS, Bhatt LK, Prabhavalkar KS, Oza M. Cyclin dependent kinase 5: A novel avenue for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Karachaliou N, Lazzari C, Verlicchi A, Sosa AE, Rosell R. HER3 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. BioDrugs 2017; 31:63-73. [PMID: 28000159 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, especially EGFR and HER2, has been an established strategy for the treatment of tumors with abnormally activated receptors due to overexpression, mutation, ligand-dependent receptor dimerization and ligand-independent activation. Less attention has been paid to the oncogenic activity of HER3, although there is growing evidence that it mediates resistance to EGFR and HER2 pathway directed therapies. The main caveat for the development of effective HER3 targeted therapies is the absence of a strong enzymatic activity to target, as well as the limited potential for single-agent activity. In this review, we highlight the role of HER3 in cancer and, more specifically, in lung cancer. The basis for HER3 involvement in HER2 resistance and EGFR inhibition is discussed, as well as current pharmacologic strategies to combat HER3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Karachaliou
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Departmemt of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aaron E Sosa
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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20
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Posada-Duque RA, Ramirez O, Härtel S, Inestrosa NC, Bodaleo F, González-Billault C, Kirkwood A, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 downregulation enhances synaptic plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:153-172. [PMID: 27506619 PMCID: PMC11107552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CDK5 is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in the normal function of the adult brain and plays a role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, its over-regulation has been associated with Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits. Our previous studies have demonstrated that CDK5 targeting using shRNA-miR provides neuroprotection and prevents cognitive deficits. Dendritic spine morphogenesis and forms of long-term synaptic plasticity-such as long-term potentiation (LTP)-have been proposed as essential processes of neuroplasticity. However, whether CDK5 participates in these processes remains controversial and depends on the experimental model. Using wild-type mice that received injections of CDK5 shRNA-miR in CA1 showed an increased LTP and recovered the PPF in deficient LTP of APPswe/PS1Δ9 transgenic mice. On mature hippocampal neurons CDK5, shRNA-miR for 12 days induced increased dendritic protrusion morphogenesis, which was dependent on Rac activity. In addition, silencing of CDK5 increased BDNF expression, temporarily increased phosphorylation of CaMKII, ERK, and CREB; and facilitated calcium signaling in neurites. Together, our data suggest that CDK5 downregulation induces synaptic plasticity in mature neurons involving Ca2+ signaling and BDNF/CREB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Piso 4, Laboratorio 412, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine (CIMT), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis (SCIAN-Lab), Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine (CIMT), Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Bodaleo
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Piso 4, Laboratorio 412, Medellín, Colombia.
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21
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Sami N, Kumar V, Islam A, Ali S, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5085-5106. [PMID: 27544236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain. Missense mutations in these kinases have been studied extensively and correlated with various neurological disorders. Individual mutations in the kinase domain affect the functions of protein. The enhanced or reduced expression of protein leads to hyperactivation or inactivation of the signalling pathways, resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we present extensive analyses of missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase focussing on the neurodegenerative diseases encompassing structure function relationship. This is envisaged to enhance our understanding about the neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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YANG ZHAI, JIANG QIONG, CHEN SHUANGXI, HU CHENGLIANG, SHEN HUIFAN, HUANG PEIZHI, XU JUNPING, MEI JINPING, ZHANG BENPING, ZHAO WEIJIANG. Differential changes in Neuregulin-1 signaling in major brain regions in a lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:790-6. [PMID: 27220549 PMCID: PMC4918623 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) is involved in multiple biological processes in the nervous system. The present study investigated changes in Nrg1 signaling in the major brain regions of mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. At 24 h post‑intraperitoneal injection of LPS, mouse brain tissues, including tissues from the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, were collected. Reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of Nrg1 and its receptors, Neu and ErbB4, at the mRNA level. Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of these proteins and the protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 and Akt1. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to detect the levels of pNeu and pErbB4 in these regions. LPS successfully induced sites of neuroinflammation in these regions, in which changes in Nrg1, Neu and ErbB4 at the mRNA and protein levels were identified compared with controls. LPS induced a reduction in pNeu and pErbB4 in the striatum and hypothalamus, although marginally increased pErbB4 levels were found in the hippocampus. LPS increased the overall phosphorylation of Src but this effect was reduced in the hypothalamus. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of Akt1 was found in the striatum and hippocampus. These data suggest diverse roles for Nrg1 signaling in these regions during the process of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZHAI YANG
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - QIONG JIANG
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - SHUANG-XI CHEN
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - CHENG-LIANG HU
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - HUI-FAN SHEN
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - PEI-ZHI HUANG
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - JUN-PING XU
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - JIN-PING MEI
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - BEN-PING ZHANG
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - WEI-JIANG ZHAO
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Wei-Jiang Zhao, Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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23
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Ning X, Tao T, Shen J, Ji Y, Xie L, Wang H, Liu N, Xu X, Sun C, Zhang D, Shen A, Ke K. The O-GlcNAc Modification of CDK5 Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis Following In Vitro Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:527-536. [PMID: 27316643 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to cell cycle-associated cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK5 is best known for its regulation of signaling processes in regulating mammalian CNS development. Studies of CDK5 have focused on its phosphorylation, although the diversity of CDK5 functions in the brain suggests additional forms of regulation. Here we expanded on the functional roles of CDK5 glycosylation in neurons. We showed that CDK5 was dynamically modified with O-GlcNAc in response to neuronal activity and that glycosylation represses CDK5-dependent apoptosis by impairing its association with p53 pathway. Blocking glycosylation of CDK5 alters cellular function and increases neuronal apoptosis in the cell model of the ICH. Our findings demonstrated a new role for O-glycosylation in neuronal apoptosis and provided a mechanistic understanding of how glycosylation contributes to critical neuronal functions. Moreover, we identified a previously unknown mechanism for the regulation of activity-dependent gene expression, neural development, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianhong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuteng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xide Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Baik TK, Kim YJ, Kang SM, Song DY, Min SS, Woo RS. Blocking the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibits neuregulin-1-mediated rescue of neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1021-9. [PMID: 27230708 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has an important role in both the development and the plasticity of the brain as well as neuroprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the downstream pathways of NRG1 signalling and their role in the prevention of Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and TUNEL staining were assayed to examine the neuroprotective properties in primary rat cortical neurons. KEY FINDINGS The inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation abolished the ability of NRG1 to prevent Aβ1-42 -induced LDH release and increased TUNEL-positive cell count and reactive oxygen species accumulation in primary cortical neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NRG1 signalling exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, this suggests that NRG1 has neuroprotective potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Kyoung Baik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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25
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Sun SS, Zhou X, Huang YY, Kong LP, Mei M, Guo WY, Zhao MH, Ren Y, Shen Q, Zhang L. Targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulating CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:213. [PMID: 26690371 PMCID: PMC4687320 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal activation of STAT3 and miR-21 plays a vital role in progression and invasion of solid tumors. The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is reported to contribute to cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Methods We measured the expression of miR-21, CDK5 and EMT markers in 60 HNSCC tumor samples. We used Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay to examine the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 activation in the invasiveness of HNSCC. The clinical survival relevance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate/multivariate COX regression model. Multiple approaches including scratch, transwell chamber assay and other molecular biology techniques were used to validate the anti-invasion effect of targeting miR-21 in Tca8113 and Hep-2 cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, whether miR-21 depletion inhibits HNSCC invasion in vivo was confirmed in Tca8113 xenograft tumor model. Results The expression of miR-21 and CDK5 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. Hep-2 and Tca8113 cell lines showed co-overexpression of miR-21 and CDK5. WP1066 or asON-miR-21 treatment depleted miR-21 and CDK5 expression and significantly inhibited migration or invasion in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells. The expression levels of CDK5/p35, N-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin were inhibited while E-cadherin level was increased by miR-21 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic CDK5 overexpression significantly induced tumor cell motility and EMT. Moreover, ectopic CDK5 overexpression in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells rescued the observed phenotype after miR-21 silencing or WP1066 treatment. Conclusions miR-21 cooperates with CDK5 to promote EMT and invasion in HNSCC. This finding suggests that CDK5 may be an important cofactor for targeting when designing metastasis-blocking therapy by targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis with STAT3 inhibitor or miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide. This is the first demonstration of the novel role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5/CDK5R1 (p35) in metastasis of HNSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0487-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ling-Ping Kong
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Mei Mei
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Guo
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Basic Medical Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, TJ, 300070, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin, TJ, 300060, China.
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26
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Bioinformatics Knowledge Map for Analysis of Beta-Catenin Function in Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141773. [PMID: 26509276 PMCID: PMC4624812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the wealth of bioinformatics resources and the growing complexity of biological information, it is valuable to integrate data from disparate sources to gain insight into the role of genes/proteins in health and disease. We have developed a bioinformatics framework that combines literature mining with information from biomedical ontologies and curated databases to create knowledge "maps" of genes/proteins of interest. We applied this approach to the study of beta-catenin, a cell adhesion molecule and transcriptional regulator implicated in cancer. The knowledge map includes post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interactions, disease-associated mutations, and transcription factors co-activated by beta-catenin and their targets and captures the major processes in which beta-catenin is known to participate. Using the map, we generated testable hypotheses about beta-catenin biology in normal and cancer cells. By focusing on proteins participating in multiple relation types, we identified proteins that may participate in feedback loops regulating beta-catenin transcriptional activity. By combining multiple network relations with PTM proteoform-specific functional information, we proposed a mechanism to explain the observation that the cyclin dependent kinase CDK5 positively regulates beta-catenin co-activator activity. Finally, by overlaying cancer-associated mutation data with sequence features, we observed mutation patterns in several beta-catenin PTM sites and PTM enzyme binding sites that varied by tissue type, suggesting multiple mechanisms by which beta-catenin mutations can contribute to cancer. The approach described, which captures rich information for molecular species from genes and proteins to PTM proteoforms, is extensible to other proteins and their involvement in disease.
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27
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Wilkaniec A, Czapski GA, Adamczyk A. Cdk5 at crossroads of protein oligomerization in neurodegenerative diseases: facts and hypotheses. J Neurochem 2015; 136:222-33. [PMID: 26376455 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in proper neurodevelopment and brain function and serves as a switch between neuronal survival and death. Overactivation of Cdk5 is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important link between disease-initiating factors and cell death effectors. A common hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is incorrect folding of specific proteins, thus leading to their intra- and extracellular accumulation in the nervous system. Abnormal Cdk5 signaling contributes to dysfunction of individual proteins and has a substantial role in either direct or indirect interactions of proteins common to, and critical in, different neurodegenerative diseases. While the roles of Cdk5 in α-synuclein (ASN) - tau or β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) - tau interactions are well documented, its contribution to many other pertinent interactions, such as that of ASN with Aβ, or interactions of the Aβ - ASN - tau triad with prion proteins, did not get beyond plausible hypotheses and remains to be proven. Understanding of the exact position of Cdk5 in the deleterious feed-forward loop critical for development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases may help designing successful therapeutic strategies of several fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important factor involved in protein misfolding, toxicity and interaction. We suggest that Cdk5 may contribute to the vicious circle of neurotoxic events involved in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activates guanine nucleotide exchange factor GIV/Girdin to orchestrate migration-proliferation dichotomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4874-83. [PMID: 26286990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514157112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals propagated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can drive cell migration and proliferation, two cellular processes that do not occur simultaneously--a phenomenon called "migration-proliferation dichotomy." We previously showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is skewed to favor migration over proliferation via noncanonical transactivation of Gαi proteins by the guanine exchange factor (GEF) GIV. However, what turns on GIV-GEF downstream of growth factor RTKs remained unknown. Here we reveal the molecular mechanism by which phosphorylation of GIV by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) triggers GIV's ability to bind and activate Gαi in response to growth factors and modulate downstream signals to establish a dichotomy between migration and proliferation. We show that CDK5 binds and phosphorylates GIV at Ser1674 near its GEF motif. When Ser1674 is phosphorylated, GIV activates Gαi and enhances promigratory Akt signals. Phosphorylated GIV also binds Gαs and enhances endosomal maturation, which shortens the transit time of EGFR through early endosomes, thereby limiting mitogenic MAPK signals. Consequently, this phosphoevent triggers cells to preferentially migrate during wound healing and transmigration of cancer cells. When Ser1674 cannot be phosphorylated, GIV cannot bind either Gαi or Gαs, Akt signaling is suppressed, mitogenic signals are enhanced due to delayed transit time of EGFR through early endosomes, and cells preferentially proliferate. These results illuminate how GIV-GEF is turned on upon receptor activation, adds GIV to the repertoire of CDK5 substrates, and defines a mechanism by which this unusual CDK orchestrates migration-proliferation dichotomy during cancer invasion, wound healing, and development.
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29
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Neuregulin-1β Regulates the migration of Different Neurochemical Phenotypic Neurons from Organotypically Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Explants. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:69-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Posada-Duque RA, López-Tobón A, Piedrahita D, González-Billault C, Cardona-Gomez GP. p35 and Rac1 underlie the neuroprotection and cognitive improvement induced by CDK5 silencing. J Neurochem 2015; 134:354-70. [PMID: 25864429 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CDK5 plays an important role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the normal function of the adult brain, and dysregulation can lead to Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RNAi knock down of CDK5 reduced the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and prevented neuronal loss in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Here, we report that CDK5 RNAi protected against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity using primary hippocampal neurons transduced with adeno-associated virus 2.5 viral vector eGFP-tagged scrambled or CDK5 shRNA-miR during 12 days. Protection was dependent on a concomitant increase in p35 and was reversed using p35 RNAi, which affected the down-stream Rho GTPase activity. Furthermore, p35 over-expression and constitutively active Rac1 mimicked CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection. In addition, 3xTg-Alzheimer's disease mice (24 months old) were injected in the hippocampus with scrambled or CDK5 shRNA-miR, and spatial learning and memory were performed 3 weeks post-injection using 'Morris' water maze test. Our data showed that CDK5 knock down induced an increase in p35 protein levels and Rac activity in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice, which correlated with the recovery of cognitive function; these findings confirm that increased p35 and active Rac are involved in neuroprotection. In summary, our data suggest that p35 acts as a mediator of Rho GTPase activity and contributes to the neuroprotection induced by CDK5 RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andres Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro López-Tobón
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Piedrahita
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gomez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Abstract
Deficiency of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been linked to the death of postmitotic cortical neurons during brain development. We now report that, in mouse cortical neurons, Cdk5 is capable of phosphorylating the transcription factor FOXO1 at Ser249 in vitro and in vivo. Cellular stresses resulting from extracellular stimulation by H2O2 or β-amyloid promote hyperactivation of Cdk5, FOXO1 nuclear export and inhibition of its downstream transcriptional activity. In contrast, a loss of Cdk5 leads to FOXO1 translocation into the nucleus: a shift due to decreased AKT activity but independent of S249 phosphorylation. Nuclear FOXO1 upregulates transcription of the proapoptotic gene, BIM, leading to neuronal death, which can be rescued when endogenous FOXO1 was replaced by the cytoplasmically localized form of FOXO1, FOXO1-S249D. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, Cdk5 attenuates neuronal death by inhibiting FOXO1 transcriptional activity and BIM expression. Together, our findings suggest that Cdk5 plays a novel and unexpected role in the degeneration of postmitotic neurons through modulation of the cellular location of FOXO1, which constitutes an alternative pathway through which Cdk5 deficiency leads to neuronal death.
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32
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Stuhlmiller TJ, Miller SM, Zawistowski JS, Nakamura K, Beltran AS, Duncan JS, Angus SP, Collins KAL, Granger DA, Reuther RA, Graves LM, Gomez SM, Kuan PF, Parker JS, Chen X, Sciaky N, Carey LA, Earp HS, Jin J, Johnson GL. Inhibition of Lapatinib-Induced Kinome Reprogramming in ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer by Targeting BET Family Bromodomains. Cell Rep 2015; 11:390-404. [PMID: 25865888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics that target ERBB2, such as lapatinib, often provide initial clinical benefit, but resistance frequently develops. Adaptive responses leading to lapatinib resistance involve reprogramming of the kinome through reactivation of ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling and transcriptional upregulation and activation of multiple tyrosine kinases. The heterogeneity of induced kinases prevents their targeting by a single kinase inhibitor, underscoring the challenge of predicting effective kinase inhibitor combination therapies. We hypothesized that, to make the tumor response to single kinase inhibitors durable, the adaptive kinome response itself must be inhibited. Genetic and chemical inhibition of BET bromodomain chromatin readers suppresses transcription of many lapatinib-induced kinases involved in resistance, including ERBB3, IGF1R, DDR1, MET, and FGFRs, preventing downstream SRC/FAK signaling and AKT reactivation. Combining inhibitors of kinases and chromatin readers prevents kinome adaptation by blocking transcription, generating a durable response to lapatinib, and overcoming the dilemma of heterogeneity in the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Stuhlmiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samantha M Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jon S Zawistowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James S Duncan
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Steven P Angus
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyla A L Collins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and NC State University, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deborah A Granger
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel A Reuther
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shawn M Gomez
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill and NC State University, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Biostatistics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Noah Sciaky
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - H Shelton Earp
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Lindqvist J, Imanishi SY, Torvaldson E, Malinen M, Remes M, Örn F, Palvimo JJ, Eriksson JE. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 acts as a critical determinant of AKT-dependent proliferation and regulates differential gene expression by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1971-84. [PMID: 25851605 PMCID: PMC4472009 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK5 acts as a signaling hub in prostate cancer cells by controlling androgen responses through AR stabilization and specific gene targeting, maintaining and accelerating cell proliferation through activation of the oncogenic AKT kinase, and releasing cell cycle breaks in a variety of prostate cancer cell lines. Contrary to cell cycle–associated cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK5 is best known for its regulation of signaling processes in differentiated cells and its destructive activation in Alzheimer's disease. Recently, CDK5 has been implicated in a number of different cancers, but how it is able to stimulate cancer-related signaling pathways remains enigmatic. Our goal was to study the cancer-promoting mechanisms of CDK5 in prostate cancer. We observed that CDK5 is necessary for proliferation of several prostate cancer cell lines. Correspondingly, there was considerable growth promotion when CDK5 was overexpressed. When examining the reasons for the altered proliferation effects, we observed that CDK5 phosphorylates S308 on the androgen receptor (AR), resulting in its stabilization and differential expression of AR target genes including several growth-priming transcription factors. However, the amplified cell growth was found to be separated from AR signaling, further corroborated by CDK5-depdent proliferation of AR null cells. Instead, we found that the key growth-promoting effect was due to specific CDK5-mediated AKT activation. Down-regulation of CDK5 repressed AKT phosphorylation by altering its intracellular localization, immediately followed by prominent cell cycle inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that CDK5 acts as a crucial signaling hub in prostate cancer cells by controlling androgen responses through AR, maintaining and accelerating cell proliferation through AKT activation, and releasing cell cycle breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lindqvist
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Elin Torvaldson
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Medical Biochemistry, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Remes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Fanny Örn
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine/Medical Biochemistry, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Castro-Alvarez JF, Uribe-Arias A, Cardona-Gómez GP. Cyclin-Dependent kinase 5 targeting prevents β-Amyloid aggregation involving glycogen synthase kinase 3β and phosphatases. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1258-66. [PMID: 25711385 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) resulting from proteolytic release of the activator fragment p25 from the membrane contributes to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid (βA) aggregation, and chronic neurodegeneration. At 18 months of age, 3× Tg-AD mice were sacrificed after either 3 weeks (short term) or 1 year (long term) of CDK5 knockdown. In short-term-treated animals, CDK5 knockdown reversed βA aggregation in the hippocampi via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β Ser9 and activation of phosphatase PP2A. In long-term-treated animals, CDK5 knockdown induced a persistent reduction in CDK5 and prevented βA aggregation, but the effect on amyloid precursor protein processing was reduced, suggesting that yearly booster therapy would be required. These findings further validate CDK5 as a target for preventing or blocking amyloidosis in older transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fredy Castro-Alvarez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Herpes simplex virus 1 upregulates p35, alters CDK-5 localization, and stimulates CDK-5 kinase activity during acute infection in neurons. J Virol 2015; 89:5171-5. [PMID: 25694605 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00106-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK-5) activating protein, p35, is important for acute herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication in mice. This report shows that HSV-1 increases p35 levels, changes the primary localization of CDK-5 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and enhances CDK-5 activity during lytic or acute infection. Infected neurons also stained positive for the DNA damage response (DDR) marker γH2AX. We propose that CDK-5 is activated by the DDR to protect infected neurons from apoptosis.
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Ke K, Shen J, Song Y, Cao M, Lu H, Liu C, Shen J, Li A, Huang J, Ni H, Chen X, Liu Y. CDK5 Contributes to Neuronal Apoptosis via Promoting MEF2D Phosphorylation in Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:48-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mediates adult OPC maturation and myelin repair through modulation of Akt and GsK-3β signaling. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10415-29. [PMID: 25080600 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0710-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of remyelination in diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to permanent axonal damage and irreversible functional loss. The mechanisms controlling remyelination are currently poorly understood. Recent studies implicate the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelination in CNS. In this study, we show that Cdk5 is also an important regulator of remyelination. Pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 inhibits repair of lysolecithin lesions. This inhibition is a consequence of Cdk5 disruption in neural cells because remyelination in slice cultures is blocked by Cdk5 inhibitors, whereas specific deletion of Cdk5 in OLs inhibits myelin repair. In CNP-Cre;Cdk5(fl/fl) conditional knock-out mouse (Cdk5 cKO), myelin repair was delayed significantly in response to focal demyelinating lesions compared with wild-type animals. The lack of myelin repair was reflected in decreased expression of MBP and proteolipid protein and a reduction in the total number of myelinated axons in the lesion. The number of CC1(+) cells in the lesion sites was significantly reduced in Cdk5 cKO compared with wild-type animals although the total number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (Olig2(+) cells) was increased, suggesting that Cdk5 loss perturbs the transition of early OL lineage cell into mature OL and subsequent remyelination. The failure of remyelination in Cdk5 cKO animals was associated with a reduction in signaling through the Akt pathway and an enhancement of Gsk-3β signaling pathways. Together, these data suggest that Cdk5 is critical in regulating the transition of adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells to mature OLs that is essential for myelin repair in adult CNS.
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Castro-Alvarez JF, Uribe-Arias SA, Mejía-Raigosa D, Cardona-Gómez GP. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, a node protein in diminished tauopathy: a systems biology approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:232. [PMID: 25225483 PMCID: PMC4150361 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. One of the main pathological changes that occurs in AD is the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in neurons. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is one of the major kinases involved in Tau phosphorylation, directly phosphorylating various residues and simultaneously regulating various substrates such as kinases and phosphatases that influence Tau phosphorylation in a synergistic and antagonistic way. It remains unknown how the interaction between CDK5 and its substrates promotes Tau phosphorylation, and systemic approaches are needed that allow an analysis of all the proteins involved. In this review, the role of the CDK5 signaling pathway in Tau hyperphosphorylation is described, an in silico model of the CDK5 signaling pathway is presented. The relationship among these theoretical and computational models shows that the regulation of Tau phosphorylation by PP2A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is essential under basal conditions and also describes the leading role of CDK5 under excitotoxic conditions, where silencing of CDK5 can generate changes in these enzymes to reverse a pathological condition that simulates AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Castro-Alvarez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria Medellin, Colombia
| | - S Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria Medellin, Colombia
| | - Daniel Mejía-Raigosa
- Group of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physics, University of Antioquia Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria Medellin, Colombia
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Neves-Carvalho A, Logarinho E, Freitas A, Duarte-Silva S, Costa MDC, Silva-Fernandes A, Martins M, Serra SC, Lopes AT, Paulson HL, Heutink P, Relvas JB, Maciel P. Dominant negative effect of polyglutamine expansion perturbs normal function of ataxin-3 in neuronal cells. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:100-17. [PMID: 25143392 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of Ataxin-3 (ATXN3), a deubiquitylase (DUB) involved in Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that ATXN3 is required for neuronal differentiation and for normal cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, proliferation and survival of SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells. This cellular phenotype is associated with increased proteasomal degradation of α5 integrin subunit (ITGA5) and reduced activation of integrin signalling and is rescued by ITGA5 overexpression. Interestingly, silencing of ATXN3, overexpression of mutant versions of ATXN3 lacking catalytic activity or bearing an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract led to partially overlapping phenotypes. In vivo analysis showed that both Atxn3 knockout and MJD transgenic mice had decreased levels of ITGA5 in the brain. Furthermore, abnormal morphology and reduced branching were observed both in cultured neurons expressing shRNA for ATXN3 and in those obtained from MJD mice. Our results show that ATXN3 rescues ITGA5 from proteasomal degradation in neurons and that polyQ expansion causes a partial loss of this cellular function, resulting in reduced integrin signalling and neuronal cytoskeleton modifications, which may be contributing to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Neves-Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Freitas
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | | | - Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - Margarida Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - Sofia Cravino Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - André T Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - João B Relvas
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães and
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40
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Tang Z, Baykal AT, Gao H, Quezada HC, Zhang H, Bereczki E, Serhatli M, Baykal B, Acioglu C, Wang S, Ioja E, Ji X, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Winblad B, Pei JJ. mTor is a signaling hub in cell survival: a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics investigation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2433-44. [PMID: 24694195 DOI: 10.1021/pr500192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
mTor plays a central role in controlling protein homeostasis and cell survival. Recently, we have demonstrated that perturbations of mTor signaling are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that mTor complex 1 (mTorC1) is involved in the formation of toxic phospho-tau. Therefore, we employed mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to identify specific protein expression changes in relation with cell survival in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells expressing genetically modified mTor. Cell death in SH-SY5Y cells was induced by moderate serum deprivation. Using flow cytometry we observed that up-regulated mTor complex 2 (mTorC2) increases the number of viable cells. By using a combination approach of proteomic and enrichment analysis we have identified several proteins (Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, Peroxiredoxin-5, Cofilin 1 (non-muscle), Annexin A5, Mortalin, and 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta) involved in mitochondrial integrity, apoptotosis, and pro-survival functions (caspase inhibitor activity and anti-apoptosis) that were significantly altered by mTor activity modulation. The major findings of this study are the implication of mTorC2 but not mTorC1 in cell viability modulation by activating the pro-survival machinery. Taken together, these results suggest that up-regulated mTorC2 might be playing an important role in promoting cell survival by suppressing the mitochondria-caspase-apoptotic pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , SE 14186 Huddinge, Sweden
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41
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Utreras E, Hamada R, Prochazkova M, Terse A, Takahashi S, Ohshima T, Kulkarni AB. Suppression of neuroinflammation in forebrain-specific Cdk5 conditional knockout mice by PPARγ agonist improves neuronal loss and early lethality. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:28. [PMID: 24495352 PMCID: PMC3931315 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is essential for brain development and function, and its deregulated expression is implicated in some of neurodegenerative diseases. We reported earlier that the forebrain-specific Cdk5 conditional knockout (cKO) mice displayed an early lethality associated with neuroinflammation, increased expression of the neuronal tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and neuronal migration defects. Methods In order to suppress neuroinflammation in the cKO mice, we first treated these mice with pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, and analyzed its effects on neuronal loss and longevity. In a second approach, to delineate the precise role of tPA in neuroinflammation in these mice, we generated Cdk5 cKO; tPA double knockout (dKO) mice. Results We found that pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced astrogliosis, microgliosis, neuronal loss and behavioral deficit in Cdk5 cKO mice. Interestingly, the dKO mice displayed a partial reversal in astrogliosis, but they still died at early age, suggesting that the increased expression of tPA in the cKO mice does not contribute significantly to the pathological process leading to neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and early lethality. Conclusion The suppression of neuroinflammation in Cdk5 cKO mice ameliorates gliosis and neuronal loss, thus suggesting the potential beneficial effects of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone for the treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Toshio Ohshima
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Perreault ML, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Dopamine D1-D2Receptor Heteromer Regulates Signaling Cascades Involved in Addiction: Potential Relevance to Adolescent Drug Susceptibility. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:287-96. [DOI: 10.1159/000360158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Rakić S, Kanatani S, Hunt D, Faux C, Cariboni A, Chiara F, Khan S, Wansbury O, Howard B, Nakajima K, Nikolić M, Parnavelas JG. Cdk5 phosphorylation of ErbB4 is required for tangential migration of cortical interneurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:991-1003. [PMID: 24142862 PMCID: PMC4380000 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interneuron dysfunction in humans is often associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Some of these disorders are believed to emerge during brain formation, at the time of interneuron specification, migration, and synapse formation. Here, using a mouse model and a host of histological and molecular biological techniques, we report that the signaling molecule cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), and its activator p35, control the tangential migration of interneurons toward and within the cerebral cortex by modulating the critical neurodevelopmental signaling pathway, ErbB4/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, that has been repeatedly linked to schizophrenia. This finding identifies Cdk5 as a crucial signaling factor in cortical interneuron development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Rakić
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Shigeaki Kanatani
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - David Hunt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Clare Faux
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Francesca Chiara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Olivia Wansbury
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Beatrice Howard
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Margareta Nikolić
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - John G Parnavelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
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Chen X, Pan M, Han L, Lu H, Hao X, Dong Q. miR-338-3p suppresses neuroblastoma proliferation, invasion and migration through targeting PREX2a. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3729-37. [PMID: 24140344 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) can regulate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Here, we show that miR-338-3p is down-regulated in metastatic tumor tissues compared to primary tumors, and that that miR-338-3p can inhibit cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest, as well as restrain cell migration and invasion. PREX2a is confirmed as a direct target of miR-338-3p. Knockdown of PREX2a inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the PTEN/Akt pathway. miR-338-3p-dependent inhibition of proliferation and invasion can be rescued by PREXa. Overall, this study demonstrates that miR-338-3p affects the PTEN/Akt pathway by down-regulating PREX2a. This newly identified function of miR-338-3p provides novel insights into neuroblastoma and may foster therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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45
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Cui W, Tao J, Wang Z, Ren M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Peng Y, Li R. Neuregulin1beta1 antagonizes apoptosis via ErbB4-dependent activation of PI3-kinase/Akt in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2237-46. [PMID: 23982319 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in loss of neurons in AD. Neuregulin1 (NRG1) has been found to protect neurons from oxygen glucose deprivation induced apoptosis and hypoxia ischemia induced apoptosis. However, the relationship between NRG1 and apoptosis related protein expression in AD and its mechanism remain uncertain. The present study explores the effects of NRG1 on Aβ-induced apoptosis in AD. In this study, extracellular domain of NRG1beta1 (NRG1β1-ECD) promoted the expression of p-ErbB4 receptor, p-Akt and increased the level of Bcl-2 both in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and in vitro. In primary culture of neurons, the level of Bcl-2 protein decreased significantly after Aβ treatment. These changes were inhibited by pretreatment of neurons with NRG1β1-ECD. A specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, wortmannin, significantly abrogated the effects of NRG1β1-ECD on p-Akt and Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, the expression of PI3-kinase/Akt by NRG1β1-ECD was ErbB4-dependent. Our data demonstrated that NRG1β1-ECD might serve as an obvious neuroprotection in AD, and the possible protective mechanism occurs most likely via ErbB4-dependent activation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Cui
- Key Open Lab for Tissue Regeneration of Henan Universities, Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Soldati C, Bithell A, Johnston C, Wong KY, Stanton LW, Buckley NJ. Dysregulation of REST-regulated coding and non-coding RNAs in a cellular model of Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2013; 124:418-30. [PMID: 23145961 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin (Htt) protein interacts with many transcriptional regulators, with widespread disruption to the transcriptome in Huntington's disease (HD) brought about by altered interactions with the mutant Htt (muHtt) protein. Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) is a repressor whose association with Htt in the cytoplasm is disrupted in HD, leading to increased nuclear REST and concomitant repression of several neuronal-specific genes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf). Here, we explored a wide set of HD dysregulated genes to identify direct REST targets whose expression is altered in a cellular model of HD but that can be rescued by knock-down of REST activity. We found many direct REST target genes encoding proteins important for nervous system development, including a cohort involved in synaptic transmission, at least two of which can be rescued at the protein level by REST knock-down. We also identified several microRNAs (miRNAs) whose aberrant repression is directly mediated by REST, including miR-137, which has not previously been shown to be a direct REST target in mouse. These data provide evidence of the contribution of inappropriate REST-mediated transcriptional repression to the widespread changes in coding and non-coding gene expression in a cellular model of HD that may affect normal neuronal function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Soldati
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Yue W, Song L, Fu G, Li Y, Liu H. Neuregulin-1β regulates tyrosine kinase receptor expression in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 180:33-42. [PMID: 23142316 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) signaling regulates neuronal development, migration, myelination, and synaptic maintenance. Three members of tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) family, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, have been identified in DRG neurons. Whether NRG-1β and its signaling pathways influence the expression of these Trk receptors in DRG neurons is still unclear. In the present study, primary cultured DRG neurons were used to determine the effects of NRG-1β on TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC expression in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu). The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the effects of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways on NRG-1β were also determined. DRG neurons were cultured for 48h and then exposed to Glu, Glu plus NRG-1β, LY294002 plus Glu plus NRG-1β, PD98059 plus Glu plus NRG-1β, and PD98059 plus LY294002 plus Glu plus NRG-1β for an additional 24h. The DRG neurons were continuously exposed to culture media as a control. After that, all cultures were processed for detection of mRNA levels of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC using real time-PCR analysis. Protein levels of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC were detected using a Western blot assay. The expression of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in situ was determined by a fluorescent labeling technique. The levels of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), total protein levels of Akt and ERK1/2 were detected using a Western blot assay. The results indicated that in primary cultured DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by Glu, NRG-1β increased the expression of TrkA and TrkB their mRNAs, but not TrkC and its mRNA. Inhibitors (LY294002, PD98059) either alone or in combination blocked the effects of NRG-1β. NRG-1β may play an important role in regulating the expression of different Trk receptors in DRG neurons through the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China.
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Martin D, Allagnat F, Gesina E, Caille D, Gjinovci A, Waeber G, Meda P, Haefliger JA. Specific silencing of the REST target genes in insulin-secreting cells uncovers their participation in beta cell survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45844. [PMID: 23029270 PMCID: PMC3447792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of the transcriptional repressor RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in insulin-secreting beta cells is a major cue for the specific expression of a large number of genes. These REST target genes were largely ascribed to a function of neurotransmission in a neuronal context, whereas their role in pancreatic beta cells has been poorly explored. To identify their functional significance, we have generated transgenic mice expressing REST in beta cells (RIP-REST mice), and previously discovered that REST target genes are essential to insulin exocytosis. Herein we characterized a novel line of RIP-REST mice featuring diabetes. In diabetic RIP-REST mice, high levels of REST were associated with postnatal beta cell apoptosis, which resulted in gradual beta cell loss and sustained hyperglycemia in adults. Moreover, adenoviral REST transduction in INS-1E cells led to increased cell death under control conditions, and sensitized cells to death induced by cytokines. Screening for REST target genes identified several anti-apoptotic genes bearing the binding motif RE-1 that were downregulated upon REST expression in INS-1E cells, including Gjd2, Mapk8ip1, Irs2, Ptprn, and Cdk5r2. Decreased levels of Cdk5r2 in beta cells of RIP-REST mice further confirmed that it is controlled by REST, in vivo. Using siRNA-mediated knock-down in INS-1E cells, we showed that Cdk5r2 protects beta cells against cytokines and palmitate-induced apoptosis. Together, these data document that a set of REST target genes, including Cdk5r2, is important for beta cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Gesina
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Caille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chang KH, Vincent F, Shah K. Deregulated Cdk5 triggers aberrant activation of cell cycle kinases and phosphatases inducing neuronal death. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5124-37. [PMID: 22899714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of cell cycle proteins is believed to play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis; although, the molecular mechanisms leading to their activation in diseased neurons remain elusive. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanistic link between Cdk5 deregulation and cell cycle re-activation in β-amyloid(1-42) (Aβ(1-42))-induced neurotoxicity. Using a chemical genetic approach, we identified Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C as direct Cdk5 substrates in mouse brain lysates. We show that deregulated Cdk5 directly phosphorylates Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C at multiple sites, which not only increases their phosphatase activities but also facilitates their release from 14-3-3 inhibitory binding. Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C in turn activate Cdk1, Cdk2 and Cdk4 kinases causing neuronal death. Selective inhibition of Cdk5 abrogates Cdc25 and Cdk activations in Aβ(1-42)-treated neurons. Similarly, phosphorylation-resistant mutants of Cdc25 isoforms at Cdk5 sites are defective in activating Cdk1, Cdk2 and Cdk4 in Aβ(1-42)-treated primary cortical neurons, emphasizing a major role of Cdk5 in the activation of Cdc25 isoforms and Cdks in AD pathogenesis. These results were further confirmed in human AD clinical samples, which had higher Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C activities that were coincident with increased Cdk5 activity, as compared to age-matched controls. Inhibition of Cdk5 confers the highest neuroprotection against Aβ(1-42) toxicity, whereas inhibition of Cdc25 isoforms was partially neuroprotective, further emphasizing a decisive role of Cdk5 deregulation in cell-cycle-driven AD neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Hua Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Involvement of calpain/p35-p25/Cdk5/NMDAR signaling pathway in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat retinal neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42318. [PMID: 22870316 PMCID: PMC3411656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible involvement of a calpain/p35-p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) signaling pathway in modifying NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in glutamate-induced injury of cultured rat retinal neurons. Glutamate treatment decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in Cdk5 and p-Cdk5T15 protein levels. The Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine rescued the cell viability and inhibited the cell apoptosis. In addition, the protein levels of both calpain 2 and calpain-specific alpha-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs), which are both Ca2+-dependent, were elevated in glutamate-induced cell injury. The protein levels of Cdk5, p-Cdk5T15, calpain 2 and SBDPs tended to decline with glutamate treatments of more than 9 h. Furthermore, the elevation of SBDPs was attenuated by either D-APV, a NMDAR antagonist, or CNQX, a non-NMDAR antagonist, but was hardly changed by the inhibitors of intracellular calcium stores dantrolene and xestospongin. Moreover, the Cdk5 co-activator p35 was significantly up-regulated, whereas its cleaved product p25 expression showed a transient increase. Glutamate treatment for less than 9 h also considerably enhanced the ratio of the Cdk5-phosphorylated NMDAR subunit NR2A at Ser1232 site (p-NR2AS1232) and NR2A (p-NR2AS1232/NR2A), and caused a translocation of p-NR2AS1232 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. The enhanced p-NR2AS1232 was inhibited by roscovitine, but augmented by over-expression of Cdk5. Calcium imaging experiments further showed that intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) of retinal cells were steadily increased following glutamate treatments of 2 h, 6 h and 9 h. All these results suggest that the activation of the calpain/p35-p25/Cdk5 signaling pathway may contribute to glutamate neurotoxicity in the retina by up-regulating p-NR2AS1232 expression.
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