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Li G, Fang X, Liu Y, Lu X, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Liu B, Yang R. Lipid Regulatory Element Interact with CD44 on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Bovine Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipometabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39072486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The CD44 gene is a critical factor in animal physiological processes and has been shown to affect insulin resistance and fat accumulation in mammals. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on its precise functions in lipid metabolism and adipogenic differentiation in beef cattle. This study analyzed the expression of CD44 and miR-199a-3p during bovine preadipocyte differentiation. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CD44 was a direct target of miR-199a-3p. Increased accumulation of lipid droplets and triglyceride levels, altered fatty acid metabolism, and accelerated preadipocyte differentiation were all caused by the upregulation of miR-199a-3p or a reduction in CD44 expression. CD44 knockdown upregulated the expression of adipocyte-specific genes (LPL and FABP4) and altered the levels of lipid metabolites (SOPC, l-arginine, and heptadecanoic acid). Multiomics highlights enriched pathways involved in energy metabolism (MAPK, cAMP, and calcium signaling) and shifts in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, indicating that CD44 plays a regulatory role in lipid metabolism. The findings show that intracellular lipolysis, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, fat deposition, and lipid droplet composition are all impacted by miR-199a-3p, which modulates CD44 in bovine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchangqiao South Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdoong 524000, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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Wang F. Reproductive endocrine disruption effect and mechanism in male zebrafish after life cycle exposure to environmental relevant triclosan. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106899. [PMID: 38492288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a wide-spectrum antibacterial agent that is found in various water environments. It has been reported to have estrogenic effects. However, the impact of TCS exposure on the reproductive system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) throughout their life cycle is not well understood. In this study, zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed to 0, 10, and 50 μg/L TCS for 120 days. The study investigated the effects of TCS exposure on brain and testis coefficients, the expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, hormone levels, vitellogenin (VTG) content, histopathological sections, and performed RNA sequencing of male zebrafish. The results revealed that life cycle TCS exposure had significant effects on zebrafish reproductive parameters. It increased the testis coefficient, while decreasing the brain coefficient. TCS exposure also led to a decrease in mature spermatozoa and altered the expression of genes related to the HPG axis. Furthermore, TCS disrupted the balance of sex hormone levels and increased VTG content of male zebrafish. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that TCS affected reproductive endocrine related pathways, including PPAR signaling pathway, cell cycle, GnRH signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis confirmed the enrichment of hub genes in these pathways, including bub1bb, ccnb1, cdc20, cdk1, mcm2, mcm5, mcm6, plk1, and ttk in the brain, as well as fabp1b.1, fabp2, fabp6, ccr7, cxcl11.8, hsd11b2, and hsd3b1 in the testis. This study sheds light on the reproductive endocrine-disrupting mechanisms of life cycle exposure to TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, No. 6 Jiqing Road, Yibin District, Luoyang 471022, China.
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3
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Agellon LB. Importance of fatty acid binding proteins in cellular function and organismal metabolism. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17703. [PMID: 36876733 PMCID: PMC10902576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (Fabps) are small soluble proteins that are abundant in the cytosol. These proteins are known to bind a myriad of small hydrophobic molecules and have been postulated to serve a variety of roles, yet their precise functions have remained an enigma over half a century of study. Here, we consider recent findings, along with the cumulative findings contributed by many laboratories working on Fabps over the last half century, to synthesize a new outlook for what functions Fabps serve in cells and organisms. Collectively, the findings illustrate that Fabps function as versatile multi-purpose devices serving as sensors, conveyors and modulators to enable cells to detect and handle a specific class of metabolites, and to adjust their metabolic capacity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B. Agellon
- School of Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte. Anne de BellevueQuebecCanada
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López-Alcalá J, Gordon A, Trávez A, Tercero-Alcázar C, Correa-Sáez A, González-Rellán MJ, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Rodríguez A, Membrives A, Frühbeck G, Nogueiras R, Calzado MA, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM. Localization, traffic and function of Rab34 in adipocyte lipid and endocrine functions. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:2. [PMID: 38183057 PMCID: PMC10770960 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue in obesity alters the endocrine and energy storage functions of adipocytes. Adipocyte lipid droplets represent key organelles coordinating lipid storage and mobilization in these cells. Recently, we identified the small GTPase, Rab34, in the lipid droplet proteome of adipocytes. Herein, we have characterized the distribution, intracellular transport, and potential contribution of this GTPase to adipocyte physiology and its regulation in obesity. METHODS 3T3-L1 and human primary preadipocytes were differentiated in vitro and Rab34 distribution and trafficking were analyzed using markers of cellular compartments. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were transfected with expression vectors and/or Rab34 siRNA and assessed for secretory activity, lipid accumulation and expression of proteins regulating lipid metabolism. Proteomic and protein interaction analyses were employed for the identification of the Rab34 interactome. These studies were combined with functional analysis to unveil the role played by the GTPase in adipocytes, with a focus on the actions conveyed by Rab34 interacting proteins. Finally, Rab34 regulation in response to obesity was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results show that Rab34 localizes at the Golgi apparatus in preadipocytes. During lipid droplet biogenesis, Rab34 translocates from the Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum-related compartments and then reaches the surface of adipocyte lipid droplets. Rab34 exerts distinct functions related to its intracellular location. Thus, at the Golgi, Rab34 regulates cisternae integrity as well as adiponectin trafficking and oligomerization. At the lipid droplets, this GTPase controls lipid accumulation and lipolysis through its interaction with the E1-ubiquitin ligase, UBA1, which induces the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the fatty acid transporter and member of Rab34 interactome, FABP5. Finally, Rab34 levels in the adipose tissue and adipocytes are regulated in response to obesity and related pathogenic insults (i.e., fibrosis). CONCLUSIONS Rab34 plays relevant roles during adipocyte differentiation, including from the regulation of the oligomerization (i.e., biological activity) and secretion of a major adipokine with insulin-sensitizing actions, adiponectin, to lipid storage and mobilization from lipid droplets. Rab34 dysregulation in obesity may contribute to the altered adipokine secretion and lipid metabolism that characterize adipocyte dysfunction in conditions of excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime López-Alcalá
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Gordon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Andrés Trávez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tercero-Alcázar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Jesús González-Rellán
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zúñiga
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clinic, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clinic, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba (UCO), Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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He S, Wang Y, Luo Y, Xue M, Wu M, Tan H, Peng Y, Wang K, Fang M. Integrated analysis strategy of genome-wide functional gene mining reveals DKK2 gene underlying meat quality in Shaziling synthesized pigs. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38178019 PMCID: PMC10765619 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaziling pig is a well-known indigenous breed in China who has superior meat quality traits. However, the genetic mechanism and genomic evidence underlying meat quality characteristics of Shaziling pigs are still unclear. To explore and investigate the germplasm characteristics of Shaziling pigs, we totally analyzed 67 individual's whole genome sequencing data for the first time (20 Shaziling pigs [S], 20 Dabasha pigs [DBS], 11 Yorkshire pigs [Y], 10 Berkshire pigs [BKX], 5 Basha pigs [BS] and 1 Warthog). RESULTS A total of 2,538,577 SNPs with high quality were detected and 9 candidate genes which was specifically selected in S and shared in S to DBS were precisely mined and screened using an integrated analysis strategy of identity-by-descent (IBD) and selective sweep. Of them, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 (DKK2), the antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway, was the most promising candidate gene which was not only identified an association of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid quantitative trait locus in PigQTLdb, but also specifically selected in S compared to other 48 Chinese local pigs of 12 populations and 39 foreign pigs of 4 populations. Subsequently, a mutation at 12,726-bp of DKK2 intron 1 (g.114874954 A > C) was identified associated with intramuscular fat content using method of PCR-RFLP in 21 different pig populations. We observed DKK2 specifically expressed in adipose tissues. Overexpression of DKK2 decreased the content of triglyceride, fatty acid synthase and expression of relevant genes of adipogenic and Wnt signaling pathway, while interference of DKK2 got contrary effect during adipogenesis differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an analysis strategy for mining functional genes of important economic traits and provide fundamental data and molecular evidence for improving pig meat quality traits and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yabiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maisheng Wu
- Xiangtan Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and Aquatic Product, Xiangtan, 411102, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Xiangtan Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and Aquatic Product, Xiangtan, 411102, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Meiying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Shi Y, Wang CC, Wu L, Zhang Y, Xu A, Wang Y. Pathophysiological Insight into Fatty Acid-Binding Protein-4: Multifaced Roles in Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Offspring Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12655. [PMID: 37628833 PMCID: PMC10454382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4), commonly known as adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), is a pleiotropic adipokine that broadly affects immunity and metabolism. It has been increasingly recognized that FABP4 dysfunction is associated with various metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic inflammation. However, its explicit roles within the context of women's reproduction and pregnancy remain to be investigated. In this review, we collate recent studies probing the influence of FABP4 on female reproduction, pregnancy, and even fetal health. Elevated circulating FABP4 levels have been found to correlate with impaired reproductive function in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. Throughout pregnancy, FABP4 affects maternal-fetal interface homeostasis by affecting both glycolipid metabolism and immune tolerance, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, gestational obesity, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Moreover, maternal FABP4 levels exhibit a substantial linkage with the metabolic health of offspring. Herein, we discuss the emerging significance and potential application of FABP4 in reproduction and pregnancy health and delve into its underlying mechanism at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chi-Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China;
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
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Chen D, Wirth KM, Kizy S, Muretta JM, Markowski TW, Yong P, Sheka A, Abdelwahab H, Hertzel AV, Ikramuddin S, Yamamoto M, Bernlohr DA. Desmoglein 2 Functions as a Receptor for Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:836-848. [PMID: 37115197 PMCID: PMC10524127 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a secreted adipokine linked to obesity and progression of a variety of cancers. Obesity increases extracellular FABP4 (eFABP4) levels in animal models and in obese breast cancer patients compared with lean healthy controls. Using MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer epithelial cells, we show herein that eFABP4 stimulates cellular proliferation in a time and concentration dependent manner while the non-fatty acid-binding mutant, R126Q, failed to potentiate growth. When E0771 murine breast cancer cells were injected into mice, FABP4 null animals exhibited delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival compared with injections into control C57Bl/6J animals. eFABP4 treatment of MCF-7 cells resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK), transcriptional activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and corresponding gene targets ALDH1A1, CYP1A1, HMOX1, SOD1 and decreased oxidative stress, while R126Q treatment did not show any effects. Proximity-labeling employing an APEX2-FABP4 fusion protein revealed several proteins functioning in desmosomes as eFABP4 receptor candidates including desmoglein (DSG), desmocollin, junction plankoglobin, desomoplankin, and cytokeratins. AlphaFold modeling predicted an interaction between eFABP4, and the extracellular cadherin repeats of DSG2 and pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed complex formation that was potentiated by oleic acid. Silencing of DSG2 in MCF-7 cells attenuated eFABP4 effects on cellular proliferation, pERK levels, and ALDH1A1 expression compared with controls. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest desmosomal proteins, and in particular desmoglein 2, may function as receptors of eFABP4 and provide new insight into the development and progression of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Keith M. Wirth
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Scott Kizy
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Joseph M. Muretta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Adam Sheka
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hisham Abdelwahab
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann V. Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Masonic Cancer Center, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
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Yabut KCB, Isoherranen N. Impact of Intracellular Lipid Binding Proteins on Endogenous and Xenobiotic Ligand Metabolism and Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:700-717. [PMID: 37012074 PMCID: PMC10197203 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of intracellular lipid binding proteins (iLBPs) is comprised of 16 members of structurally related binding proteins that have ubiquitous tissue expression in humans. iLBPs collectively bind diverse essential endogenous lipids and xenobiotics. iLBPs solubilize and traffic lipophilic ligands through the aqueous milieu of the cell. Their expression is correlated with increased rates of ligand uptake into tissues and altered ligand metabolism. The importance of iLBPs in maintaining lipid homeostasis is well established. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) make up the majority of iLBPs and are expressed in major organs relevant to xenobiotic absorption, distribution, and metabolism. FABPs bind a variety of xenobiotics including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychoactive cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, antinociceptives, and peroxisome proliferators. FABP function is also associated with metabolic disease, making FABPs currently a target for drug development. Yet the potential contribution of FABP binding to distribution of xenobiotics into tissues and the mechanistic impact iLBPs may have on xenobiotic metabolism are largely undefined. This review examines the tissue-specific expression and functions of iLBPs, the ligand binding characteristics of iLBPs, their known endogenous and xenobiotic ligands, methods for measuring ligand binding, and mechanisms of ligand delivery from iLBPs to membranes and enzymes. Current knowledge of the importance of iLBPs in affecting disposition of xenobiotics is collectively described. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The data reviewed here show that FABPs bind many drugs and suggest that binding of drugs to FABPs in various tissues will affect drug distribution into tissues. The extensive work and findings with endogenous ligands suggest that FABPs may also alter the metabolism and transport of drugs. This review illustrates the potential significance of this understudied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Clyde B Yabut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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9
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Wang C, Mu T, Feng X, Zhang J, Gu Y. Study on fatty acid binding protein in lipid metabolism of livestock and poultry. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:185-195. [PMID: 37030094 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key proteins in lipid transport, and 12 family members have been documented in the literature. In recent years, new insights have been gained into the structure and function of FABPs, which are important regulators of lipid metabolic processes in the body and play a central role in coordinating lipid transport and metabolism in various tissues and organs across species. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure and biological functions of FABPs and reviews related studies on lipid metabolism in livestock and poultry to lay the foundation for research on the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of FABPs on lipid metabolism in livestock and poultry and for the genetic improvement of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tong Mu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China.
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10
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Alternative Methods as Tools for Obesity Research: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010108. [PMID: 36676057 PMCID: PMC9860640 DOI: 10.3390/life13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of adipogenesis is essential for understanding and treating obesity, a multifactorial problem related to body fat accumulation that leads to several life-threatening diseases, becoming one of the most critical public health problems worldwide. In this review, we propose to provide the highlights of the adipogenesis study based on in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We list in silico methods, such as molecular docking for identification of molecular targets, and in vitro approaches, from 2D, more straightforward and applied for screening large libraries of substances, to more representative physiological models, such as 3D and bioprinting models. We also describe the development of physiological models based on microfluidic systems applied to investigate adipogenesis in vitro. We intend to identify the main alternative models for adipogenesis evaluation, contributing to the direction of preclinical research in obesity. Future directions indicate the association of in silico and in vitro techniques to bring a clear picture of alternative methods based on adipogenesis as a tool for obesity research.
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11
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Althaher AR. An Overview of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL). ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:1964684. [PMID: 36530555 PMCID: PMC9754850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1964684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a pivotal enzyme that mediates triglyceride hydrolysis to provide free fatty acids and glycerol in adipocytes in a hormonally controlled lipolysis process. Elevated plasma-free fatty acids were accompanied by insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Inhibition of lipolysis through HSL inhibition may provide a mechanism to prevent the accumulation of free fatty acids and to improve the affectability of insulin and blood glucose handling in type II diabetes. The published studies that examine the structure, regulation, and function of HSL and major inhibitors were reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa R. Althaher
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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12
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Zheng J, Duan Y, Zheng C, Yu J, Li F, Guo Q, Yin Y. Long-Term Protein Restriction Modulates Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissues and Alters Colonic Microbiota of Shaziling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212944. [PMID: 36359067 PMCID: PMC9654241 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a matter of concern to the public. Abundant evidence has been accumulated that nutritional intervention is a promising strategy to address this health issue. The objective of this study is to investigate alterations in the lipid metabolism in white adipose tissues and the gut microbiota of Shaziling pigs challenged by long-term protein restriction. Results showed that compared with the control group, reducing the protein level by 20% (−20%) increased the mRNA abundance of FABP4 in white adipose tissues (p < 0.05). This occurred in conjunction with increases in PPARγ protein expression. Conversely, the protein expression of C/EBPα was reduced in the −20% group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the −20% group had increased/decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα/mTOR, respectively (p < 0.05). As for the colonic gut microbiota, a 20% reduction in the protein level led to increased Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group abundance at the genus level (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results indicated that a 20% protein reduction could modulate lipid metabolism and alter the colonic microbiota of Shaziling pigs, an approach which might be translated into a treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
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13
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Liu S, Wu D, Fan Z, Yang J, Li Y, Meng Y, Gao C, Zhan H. FABP4 in obesity-associated carcinogenesis: Novel insights into mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:973955. [PMID: 36060264 PMCID: PMC9438896 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.973955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide is associated with an increased risk of various diseases, including multiple metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and malignant tumors. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are members of the adipokine family of multifunctional proteins that are related to fatty acid metabolism and are divided into 12 types according to their tissue origin. FABP4 is mainly secreted by adipocytes and macrophages. Under obesity, the synthesis of FABP4 increases, and the FABP4 content is higher not only in tissues but also in the blood, which promotes the occurrence and development of various cancers. Here, we comprehensively investigated obesity epidemiology and the biological mechanisms associated with the functions of FABP4 that may explain this effect. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which FABP4 promotes carcinoma development and the interaction between fat and cancer cells in obese circumstances here. This review leads us to understand how FABP4 signaling is involved in obesity-associated tumors, which could increase the potential for advancing novel therapeutic strategies and molecular targets for the systematic treatment of malignant tumors.
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14
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Yamada M, Suzuki J, Sato S, Zenimaru Y, Saito R, Konoshita T, Kraemer FB, Ishizuka T. Hormone-sensitive lipase protects adipose triglyceride lipase-deficient mice from lethal lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100194. [PMID: 35283217 PMCID: PMC9062333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Ku HC, Chan TY, Chung JF, Kao YH, Cheng CF. The ATF3 inducer protects against diet-induced obesity via suppressing adipocyte adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and browning. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112440. [PMID: 34839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) inducer ST32db, a synthetic compound with a chemical structure similar to that of native Danshen compounds, exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes, D16 beige cells, and mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that ST32db inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and enhancing lipolysis-related gene (and protein levels) via the activation of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR)/PKA/p38, AMPK, and ERK pathways. Furthermore, ST32db inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation in D16 adipocytes by suppressing adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and upregulating browning gene expression by suppressing the β3-AR/PKA/p38, and AMPK pathways. Intraperitoneally injected ST32db (1 mg kg-1 twice weekly) inhibited body weight gain and reduced the weight of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), epididymal WAT (eWAT), and mesenteric WAT, with no effects on food intake by the obese mice. The adipocyte diameter and area of iWAT and eWAT were decreased in obese mice injected with ST32db compared with those administered only HFD. In addition, ST32db significantly suppressed adipogenesis and activated lipolysis, browning, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation-related pathways by suppressing the p38 pathway in the iWAT of the obese mice. These results indicated that the ATF3 inducer ST32db has therapeutic potential for reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fang Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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16
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Cellular retinoid-binding proteins transfer retinoids to human cytochrome P450 27C1 for desaturation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101142. [PMID: 34480899 PMCID: PMC8511960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 27C1 (P450 27C1) is a retinoid desaturase expressed in the skin that catalyzes the formation of 3,4-dehydroretinoids from all-trans retinoids. Within the skin, retinoids are important regulators of proliferation and differentiation. In vivo, retinoids are bound to cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBPs) and cellular retinoic acid–binding proteins (CRABPs). Interaction with these binding proteins is a defining characteristic of physiologically relevant enzymes in retinoid metabolism. Previous studies that characterized the catalytic activity of human P450 27C1 utilized a reconstituted in vitro system with free retinoids. However, it was unknown whether P450 27C1 could directly interact with holo-retinoid-binding proteins to receive all-trans retinoid substrates. To assess this, steady-state kinetic assays were conducted with free all-trans retinoids and holo-CRBP-1, holo-CRABP-1, and holo-CRABP-2. For holo-CRBP-1 and holo-CRABP-2, the kcat/Km values either decreased 5-fold or were equal to the respective free retinoid values. The kcat/Km value for holo-CRABP-1, however, decreased ∼65-fold in comparison with reactions with free all-trans retinoic acid. These results suggest that P450 27C1 directly accepts all-trans retinol and retinaldehyde from CRBP-1 and all-trans retinoic acid from CRABP-2, but not from CRABP-1. A difference in substrate channeling between CRABP-1 and CRABP-2 was also supported by isotope dilution experiments. Analysis of retinoid transfer from holo-CRABPs to P450 27C1 suggests that the decrease in kcat observed in steady-state kinetic assays is due to retinoid transfer becoming rate-limiting in the P450 27C1 catalytic cycle. Overall, these results illustrate that, like the CYP26 enzymes involved in retinoic acid metabolism, P450 27C1 interacts with cellular retinoid-binding proteins.
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17
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Recazens E, Mouisel E, Langin D. Hormone-sensitive lipase: sixty years later. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 82:101084. [PMID: 33387571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was initially characterized as the hormonally regulated neutral lipase activity responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids in adipose tissue. This review aims at providing up-to-date information on structural properties, regulation of expression, activity and function as well as therapeutic potential. The lipase is expressed as different isoforms produced from tissue-specific alternative promoters. All isoforms are composed of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain within which a regulatory domain containing the phosphorylation sites is embedded. Some isoforms possess additional N-terminal regions. The catalytic domain shares similarities with bacteria, fungus and vascular plant proteins but not with other mammalian lipases. HSL singularity is provided by regulatory and N-terminal domains sharing no homology with other proteins. HSL has a broad substrate specificity compared to other neutral lipases. It hydrolyzes acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters among other substrates. A novel role of HSL, independent of its enzymatic function, has recently been described in adipocytes. Clinical studies revealed dysregulations of HSL expression and activity in disorders, such as lipodystrophy, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer-associated cachexia. Development of specific inhibitors positions HSL as a pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Recazens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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18
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D’Anneo A, Bavisotto CC, Gammazza AM, Paladino L, Carlisi D, Cappello F, de Macario EC, Macario AJL, Lauricella M. Lipid chaperones and associated diseases: a group of chaperonopathies defining a new nosological entity with implications for medical research and practice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:805-820. [PMID: 32856199 PMCID: PMC7591661 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are lipid chaperones assisting in the trafficking of long-chain fatty acids with functions in various cell compartments, including oxidation, signaling, gene-transcription regulation, and storage. The various known FABP isoforms display distinctive tissue distribution, but some are active in more than one tissue. Quantitative and/or qualitative changes of FABPs are associated with pathological conditions. Increased circulating levels of FABPs are biomarkers of disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Deregulated expression and malfunction of FABPs can result from genetic alterations or posttranslational modifications and can be pathogenic. We have assembled the disorders with abnormal FABPs as chaperonopathies in a distinct nosological entity. This entity is similar but separate from that encompassing the chaperonopathies pertaining to protein chaperones. In this review, we discuss the role of FABPs in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurological diseases. We highlight the opportunities for improving diagnosis and treatment that open by encompassing all these pathological conditions within of a coherent nosological group, focusing on abnormal lipid chaperones as biomarkers of disease and etiological-pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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19
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Adipocyte lipolysis: from molecular mechanisms of regulation to disease and therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:985-1008. [PMID: 32168372 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are stored safely in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplet (LD) organelles by professional storage cells called adipocytes. These lipids are mobilized during adipocyte lipolysis, the fundamental process of hydrolyzing TAG to FAs for internal or systemic energy use. Our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis has greatly increased over the past 50 years from a basic enzymatic process to a dynamic regulatory one, involving the assembly and disassembly of protein complexes on the surface of LDs. These dynamic interactions are regulated by hormonal signals such as catecholamines and insulin which have opposing effects on lipolysis. Upon stimulation, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)/adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate limiting enzyme for TAG hydrolysis, is activated by the interaction with its co-activator, alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), which is normally bound to perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Recently identified negative regulators of lipolysis include G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and PNPLA3 which interact with PNPLA2 and ABHD5, respectively. This review focuses on the dynamic protein-protein interactions involved in lipolysis and discusses some of the emerging concepts in the control of lipolysis that include allosteric regulation and protein turnover. Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that many of the proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis are multifunctional enzymes and that lipolysis can mediate homeostatic metabolic signals at both the cellular and whole-body level to promote inter-organ communication. Finally, adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, and targeting adipocyte lipolysis is of therapeutic interest.
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20
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Lundbäck V, Kulyté A, Dahlman I, Marcus C. Adipose-specific inactivation of thyroid stimulating hormone receptors in mice modifies body weight, temperature and gene expression in adipocytes. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14538. [PMID: 32812397 PMCID: PMC7435038 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obesity, the expression level of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor in adipose tissue is reduced and the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are often elevated within the normal range. PURPOSE/AIM To investigate the role of TSHR in brown and white adipose tissue (AT) using TSHR knockout (KO) mice and the physiological phenotypes affected by the TSHR knockout. METHODS AT-specific TSHR KO male mice and wild type (WT) controls were given a high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet (CD). Body weights and food consumption were recorded for 20 weeks and body temperatures for the first 3 weeks. At termination, white and brown adipocytes were isolated. Gene expressios was investigated using real-time PCR. In a subgroup of female KO mice, glucose tolerance was investigated. RESULTS TSHR were partially knocked out in KO mice, which gained more weight than WT mice when fed both a CD (p = .03) and HFD (p = .003). Body temperatures were lower in KO mice on CD (p <.001) and on HFD (p <.001) than WT controls. This was in agreement with reduced gene expression of UCP1 in brown adipocytes in the KO mice. Glucose tolerance was significantly impaired in KO mice on CD mice before termination (p <.01). Expression of adipogenic and lipolytic genes were reduced in KO mice, which was exacerbated by HFD. The mRNA levels of adipokines including ADIPOQ and LEP were altered in white adipocytes of KO mice. CONCLUSIONS TSHR KO led to dysfunction of both white and brown AT and predisposition to excess body weight gain in mice. Our data show that TSHR in AT regulates glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, adipokine profile, and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veroniqa Lundbäck
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Lee H, Sung J, Kim Y, Jeong HS, Lee J. Inhibitory effect of diosmetin on inflammation and lipolysis in coculture of adipocytes and macrophages. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13261. [PMID: 32367620 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between adipocytes and macrophages in obese tissues plays a critical role in the onset of metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effect of diosmetin on anti-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic activities in the coculture of macrophages and adipocytes. The secretion of inflammatory mediators increased in a coculture medium, however, diosmetin significantly reduced the levels of these inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein. Diosmetin down-regulated the protein expression of inducible NO synthase in cocultured macrophages and adipocytes, and inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the translocation of p65 and p50 to the nucleus. Moreover, it suppressed the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and the production of fatty acid-binding protein 4, and increased the mRNA expression of adiponectin in cocultured adipocytes by 18%-35%. These results indicate that diosmetin inhibited inflammation and lipolysis in the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages; diosmetin-containing foods could be used in dietary therapy for the prevention of obesity-related metabolic syndromes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diosmetin occurs naturally in citrus fruits that have a high inhibitory effect on inflammation in cocultured adipocytes and macrophages via the inactivation of the MAPKs/NF-kB pathway. Diosmetin also inhibited lipolysis via the reduction of FFA and free glycerol. The present study suggests that treatment of diosmetin may be useful for the prevention of obesity and inflammation-related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- School of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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22
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Hofer P, Taschler U, Schreiber R, Kotzbeck P, Schoiswohl G. The Lipolysome-A Highly Complex and Dynamic Protein Network Orchestrating Cytoplasmic Triacylglycerol Degradation. Metabolites 2020; 10:E147. [PMID: 32290093 PMCID: PMC7240967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of intracellular triacylglycerols (TAGs) involves the activity of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes. Cytoplasmic TAG hydrolysis, commonly termed lipolysis, is catalyzed by the sequential action of three major hydrolases, namely adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and monoacylglycerol lipase. All three enzymes interact with numerous protein binding partners that modulate their activity, cellular localization, or stability. Deficiencies of these auxiliary proteins can lead to derangements in neutral lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the composition and the dynamics of the complex lipolytic machinery we like to call "lipolysome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
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23
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Muroya S, Ogasawara H, Nohara K, Oe M, Ojima K, Hojito M. Coordinated alteration of mRNA-microRNA transcriptomes associated with exosomes and fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in grazing cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1824-1836. [PMID: 32054170 PMCID: PMC7649083 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach. Methods The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses. Results The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The ‘Exosome’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’ and ‘Lipid metabolism’ were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysis-associated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms ‘Endosome’, ‘Caveola’, ‘Endocytosis’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’, and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system. Conclusion Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Muroya
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1207, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogasawara
- Field Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Yakumo, Hokkaido 049-3121, Japan
| | - Kana Nohara
- Field Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Yakumo, Hokkaido 049-3121, Japan
| | - Mika Oe
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1207, Japan
| | - Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1207, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojito
- Field Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Yakumo, Hokkaido 049-3121, Japan
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Pomar CA, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Rombaldova M, Castro H, Picó C, Sánchez J, Palou A. Maternal diet, rather than obesity itself, has a main influence on milk triacylglycerol profile in dietary obese rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158556. [PMID: 31678620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TG) in milk derive from different sources, and their composition may be influenced by both maternal diet and obesity. We used two rat models to ascertain potential changes in TG composition in milk associated to maternal intake of an obesogenic diet during lactation and to distinguish them from the effects attributable to maternal adiposity. Milk samples were obtained from dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation (CAF) and from dams made obese by cafeteria diet feeding, with dietary normalization before gestation (PCaf). Levels of specific TG species in milk collected at different time points of lactation were determined by shotgun lipidomics. CAF and PCaf dams presented a greater adiposity than their respective controls. The principal component analysis of TG peaks showed a clear separation between milk from CAF dams and milk from control and Pcaf dams, already evident at 5 days of lactation. Milk from CAF dams was enriched with TG species with greater number of carbons and double bonds and reduced in TG with lower number of carbons. TG composition of milk from Pcaf dams was similar to controls, although specific differences were observed at day 5 of lactation. Thus, the intake of a cafeteria diet during lactation, rather than maternal adiposity, alters milk composition. This effect is avoided with dietary normalization before gestation, although the remaining fat reserves may also influence TG composition at initial stages of lactation. Therefore, normalization of maternal diet prior to pregnancy should be considered as a strategy for achieving optimal milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Pomar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - O Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Rombaldova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - C Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of the Balearic Islands and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Cohen-Zinder M, Lipkin E, Shor-Shimoni E, Ben-Meir Y, Agmon R, Asher A, Miron J, Shabtay A. FABP4 gene has a very large effect on feed efficiency in lactating Israeli Holstein cows. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:481-487. [PMID: 31373885 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00051.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving feed efficiency (FE) is a major goal for the livestock industry. Previously, we have identified 48 SNP markers distributed over 32 genes significantly associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in Israeli Holstein male calves, the most significant of which are located in the bovine FABP4 gene. In the present study, we tested associations of eight of the FABP4 markers with RFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR), along with milk composition and feeding behavioral traits, in 114 lactating Israeli Holstein cows. Large allele effects were found, along with large contributions of FABP4 markers to the phenotypic variation [mean contribution of all significant markers (P < 0.05), 15.4 and 12.0% for RFI and FCR, respectively] and genotypic variation [means of all significant markers (P < 0.05), 75.7 and 32.4% in RFI and FCR, respectively]. However, the association of all significant FABP4 markers with FE and milk content traits was found in opposite directions, such that improved FE was accompanied by decreased milk content. Hence, before inclusion in breeding programs, the gain in FE must be economically balanced with the loss in milk contents. On the other hand, these findings imply that in any current improvement program concentrated on milk traits alone, without taking into account the effect on FE, the progress in milk composition is probably accompanied by deterioration of FE. These results, if confirmed in other populations and breeds, set FABP4 as a prime candidate in any marker-assisted selection program targeting FE as a whole and RFI in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Cohen-Zinder
- Beef Cattle Section, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Ehud Lipkin
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Shor-Shimoni
- Beef Cattle Section, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Yehoshav Ben-Meir
- Department of Ruminant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Rotem Agmon
- Beef Cattle Section, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Aviv Asher
- Northern R&D, MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Joshua Miron
- Department of Ruminant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ariel Shabtay
- Beef Cattle Section, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
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26
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Prentice KJ, Saksi J, Hotamisligil GS. Adipokine FABP4 integrates energy stores and counterregulatory metabolic responses. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:734-740. [PMID: 30705117 PMCID: PMC6446704 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although counterregulatory hormones and mediators of the fight-or-flight responses are well defined at many levels, how energy stores per se are integrated into this system remains an enigmatic question. Recent years have seen the adipose tissue become a central focus for mediating intracellular signaling and communication through the release of a variety of bioactive lipids and substrates, as well as various adipokines. A critical integration node among these mediators and responses is controlled by FA binding protein 4 (FABP4), also known as adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), which is highly expressed in adipose tissue and functions as a lipid chaperone protein. Recently, it was demonstrated that FABP4 is a secreted hormone that has roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis, representing a key juncture facilitating communication between energy-storage systems and distant organs to respond to life-threatening situations. However, chronic engagement of FABP4 under conditions of immunometabolic stress, such as obesity, exacerbates a number of immunometabolic diseases, including diabetes, asthma, cancer, and atherosclerosis. In both preclinical mouse models and humans, levels of circulating FABP4 have been correlated with metabolic disease incidence, and reducing FABP4 levels or activity is associated with improved metabolic health. In this review, we will discuss the intriguing emerging biology of this protein, including potential therapeutic options for targeting circulating FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey J Prentice
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jani Saksi
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge, MA.
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27
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Abstract
AIM To confidently determine lipid-based biomarkers, it is important to minimize variation introduced during preanalytical steps. We evaluated reducing variation associated with lipid measurements in invertebrate sentinel species using a state-of-the-art heat treatment technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Earthworms (Eisenia fetida), house crickets (Acheta domestica) and ghost shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) were euthanized either by flash freezing or heat treatment. For both experiments, samples were either immediately extracted after removal from -80°C storage or incubated on ice for one hour prior to sample weighing and extraction. Lipidomics was performed on resulting extracts using liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. LipidMatch and LipidSearch were used for lipid identification. RESULTS Lipid enzymatic products (e.g., phosphatidylmethanols, diglycerides, lysoglycerophospholipids and ether-linked/oxidized lysoglycerophospholipids), were in higher concentrations in flash-frozen samples, when compared with heat-treated samples. Results suggest that heat treatment reduces phospholipase A and phospholipase D activity. CONCLUSION Heat treatment reduced enzymatic products and increased precursors of these enzymatic products. We believe heat treatment warrants a closer interrogation for improving the robustness of lipid biomarker research, especially in tissue samples, where enzyme stabilizers are difficult to apply, and for use in field studies, where the stabilization of the collected sample is critical.
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28
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Walenna NF, Kurihara Y, Chou B, Ishii K, Soejima T, Itoh R, Shimizu A, Ichinohe T, Hiromatsu K. Chlamydia pneumoniae exploits adipocyte lipid chaperone FABP4 to facilitate fat mobilization and intracellular growth in murine adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:353-359. [PMID: 29108997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a cytosolic lipid chaperone predominantly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, modulates lipid fluxes, trafficking, signaling, and metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 regulates metabolic and inflammatory pathways, and in mouse models its inhibition can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. However, the role of FABP4 in bacterial infection, metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogen, and bacterial pathogenesis have not been studied. As an obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia pneumoniae needs to obtain nutrients such as ATP and lipids from host cells. Here, we show that C. pneumoniae successfully infects and proliferates in murine adipocytes by inducing hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)-mediated lipolysis. Chemical inhibition or genetic manipulation of HSL significantly abrogated the intracellular growth of C. pneumoniae in adipocytes. Liberated free fatty acids were utilized to generate ATP via β-oxidation, which C. pneumoniae usurped for its replication. Strikingly, chemical inhibition or genetic silencing of FABP4 significantly abrogated C. pneumoniae infection-induced lipolysis and mobilization of liberated FFAs, resulting in reduced bacterial growth in adipocytes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that C. pneumoniae exploits host FABP4 to facilitate fat mobilization and intracellular replication in adipocytes. This work uncovers a novel strategy used by intracellular pathogens for acquiring energy via hijacking of the host lipid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirwana Fitriani Walenna
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bin Chou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshinori Soejima
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryota Itoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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29
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Moreno-Castellanos N, Rodríguez A, Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Fernández-Vega A, López-Miranda J, Vázquez-Martínez R, Frühbeck G, Malagón MM. The cytoskeletal protein septin 11 is associated with human obesity and is involved in adipocyte lipid storage and metabolism. Diabetologia 2017; 60:324-335. [PMID: 27866222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Septins are newly identified members of the cytoskeleton that have been proposed as biomarkers of a number of diseases. However, septins have not been characterised in adipose tissue and their relationship with obesity and insulin resistance remains unknown. Herein, we characterised a member of this family, septin 11 (SEPT11), in human adipose tissue and analysed its potential involvement in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of SEPT11 were analysed in human adipose tissue. SEPT11 distribution was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation techniques. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down, immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening were used to identify the SEPT11 interactome. Gene silencing was used to assess the role of SEPT11 in the regulation of insulin signalling and lipid metabolism in adipocytes. RESULTS We demonstrate the expression of SEPT11 in human adipocytes and its upregulation in obese individuals, with SEPT11 mRNA content positively correlating with variables of insulin resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue. SEPT11 content was regulated by lipogenic, lipolytic and proinflammatory stimuli in human adipocytes. SEPT11 associated with caveolae in mature adipocytes and interacted with both caveolin-1 and the intracellular fatty acid chaperone, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5). Lipid loading of adipocytes caused the association of the three proteins with the surface of lipid droplets. SEPT11 silencing impaired insulin signalling and insulin-induced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings support a role for SEPT11 in lipid traffic and metabolism in adipocytes and open new avenues for research on the control of lipid storage in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, .
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María M Malagón
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, .
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Shu L, Hoo RLC, Wu X, Pan Y, Lee IPC, Cheong LY, Bornstein SR, Rong X, Guo J, Xu A. A-FABP mediates adaptive thermogenesis by promoting intracellular activation of thyroid hormones in brown adipocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14147. [PMID: 28128199 PMCID: PMC5290165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipokine adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) has been implicated in obesity-related cardio-metabolic complications. Here we show that A-FABP increases thermogenesis by promoting the conversion of T4 to T3 in brown adipocytes. We find that A-FABP levels are increased in both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues and the bloodstream in response to thermogenic stimuli. A-FABP knockout mice have reduced thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure after cold stress or after feeding a high-fat diet, which can be reversed by infusion of recombinant A-FABP. Mechanistically, A-FABP induces the expression of type-II iodothyronine deiodinase in BAT via inhibition of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor α, thereby leading to the conversion of thyroid hormone from its inactive form T4 to active T3. The thermogenic responses to T4 are abrogated in A-FABP KO mice, but enhanced by A-FABP. Thus, A-FABP acts as a physiological stimulator of BAT-mediated adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L. C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ida P. C. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xianglu Rong
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Heier C, Haemmerle G. Fat in the heart: The enzymatic machinery regulating cardiac triacylglycerol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1500-12. [PMID: 26924251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The heart predominantly utilizes fatty acids (FAs) as energy substrate. FAs that enter cardiomyocytes can be activated and directly oxidized within mitochondria (and peroxisomes) or they can be esterified and intracellularly deposited as triacylglycerol (TAG) often simply referred to as fat. An increase in cardiac TAG can be a signature of the diseased heart and may implicate a minor role of TAG synthesis and breakdown in normal cardiac energy metabolism. Often overlooked, the heart has an extremely high TAG turnover and the transient deposition of FAs within the cardiac TAG pool critically determines the availability of FAs as energy substrate and signaling molecules. We herein review the recent literature regarding the enzymes and co-regulators involved in cardiomyocyte TAG synthesis and catabolism and discuss the interconnection of these metabolic pathways in the normal and diseased heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
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32
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Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular interactions with proteins enables the functional and mechanistic diversity of lipids. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) were originally described as intracellular proteins that can affect lipid fluxes, metabolism and signalling within cells. As the functions of this protein family have been further elucidated, it has become evident that they are critical mediators of metabolism and inflammatory processes, both locally and systemically, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets for immunometabolic diseases. In particular, genetic deficiency and small molecule-mediated inhibition of FABP4 (also known as aP2) and FABP5 can potently improve glucose homeostasis and reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models. Further research has shown that in addition to their intracellular roles, some FABPs are found outside the cells, and FABP4 undergoes regulated, vesicular secretion. The circulating form of FABP4 has crucial hormonal functions in systemic metabolism. In this Review we discuss the roles and regulation of both intracellular and extracellular FABP actions, highlighting new insights that might direct drug discovery efforts and opportunities for management of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Saavedra P, Girona J, Bosquet A, Guaita S, Canela N, Aragonès G, Heras M, Masana L. New insights into circulating FABP4: Interaction with cytokeratin 1 on endothelial cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2966-74. [PMID: 26343611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipose tissue-secreted adipokine that is involved in the regulation of energetic metabolism and inflammation. Increased levels of circulating FABP4 have been detected in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 has a direct effect on peripheral tissues, specifically promoting vascular dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. The objective of this work was to assess the specific interactions between exogenous FABP4 and the plasma membranes of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed that exogenous FABP4 localized along the plasma membranes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), interacting specifically with plasma membrane proteins. Anti-FABP4 immunoblotting revealed two covalent protein complexes containing FABP4 and its putative receptor; these complexes were approximately 108 kDa and 77 kDa in size. Proteomics and mass spectrometry experiments revealed that cytokeratin 1 (CK1) was the FABP4-binding protein. An anti-CK1 immunoblot confirmed the presence of CK1. FABP4-CK1 complexes were also detected in HAECs, HCASMCs, HepG2 cells and THP-1 cells. Pharmacological FABP4 inhibition by BMS309403 results in a slight decrease in the formation of these complexes, indicating that fatty acids may play a role in FABP4 functionality. In addition, we demonstrated that exogenous FABP4 crosses the plasma membrane to enter the cytoplasm and nucleus in HUVECs. These findings indicate that exogenous FABP4 interacts with plasma membrane proteins, specifically CK1. These data contribute to our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of circulating FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Sandra Guaita
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omics Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gemma Aragonès
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Mercedes Heras
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Hofer P, Boeszoermenyi A, Jaeger D, Feiler U, Arthanari H, Mayer N, Zehender F, Rechberger G, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Lass A, Haemmerle G, Breinbauer R, Zechner R, Preiss-Landl K. Fatty Acid-binding Proteins Interact with Comparative Gene Identification-58 Linking Lipolysis with Lipid Ligand Shuttling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18438-53. [PMID: 25953897 PMCID: PMC4513104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated breakdown of intracellular triglyceride (TG) stores requires the exquisitely regulated interaction of lipolytic enzymes with regulatory, accessory, and scaffolding proteins. Together they form a dynamic multiprotein network designated as the “lipolysome.” Adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) catalyzes the initiating step of TG hydrolysis and requires comparative gene identification-58 (Cgi-58) as a potent activator of enzyme activity. Here, we identify adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein (A-Fabp) and other members of the fatty acid-binding protein (Fabp) family as interaction partners of Cgi-58. Co-immunoprecipitation, microscale thermophoresis, and solid phase assays proved direct protein/protein interaction between A-Fabp and Cgi-58. Using nuclear magnetic resonance titration experiments and site-directed mutagenesis, we located a potential contact region on A-Fabp. In functional terms, A-Fabp stimulates Atgl-catalyzed TG hydrolysis in a Cgi-58-dependent manner. Additionally, transcriptional transactivation assays with a luciferase reporter system revealed that Fabps enhance the ability of Atgl/Cgi-58-mediated lipolysis to induce the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Our studies identify Fabps as crucial structural and functional components of the lipolysome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Jaeger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Feiler
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nicole Mayer
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | | | - Gerald Rechberger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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Interacción de FABP4 con proteínas de membrana de células endoteliales. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2015; 27:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Harjes U, Bridges E, McIntyre A, Fielding BA, Harris AL. Fatty acid-binding protein 4, a point of convergence for angiogenic and metabolic signaling pathways in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23168-23176. [PMID: 24939870 PMCID: PMC4132814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.576512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipogenic protein and is implicated in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and cancer. In endothelial cells, FABP4 is induced by VEGFA, and inhibition of FABP4 blocks most of the VEGFA effects. We investigated the DLL4-NOTCH-dependent regulation of FABP4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by gene/protein expression and interaction analyses following inhibitor treatment and RNA interference. We found that FABP4 is directly induced by NOTCH. Stimulation of NOTCH signaling with human recombinant DLL4 led to FABP4 induction, independently of VEGFA. FABP4 induction by VEGFA was reduced by blockade of DLL4 binding to NOTCH or inhibition of NOTCH signal transduction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of the NOTCH intracellular domain showed increased binding to two specific regions in the FABP4 promoter. The induction of FABP4 gene expression was dependent on the transcription factor FOXO1, which was essential for basal expression of FABP4, and FABP4 up-regulation following stimulation of the VEGFA and/or the NOTCH pathway. Thus, we show that the DLL4-NOTCH pathway mediates endothelial FABP4 expression. This indicates that induction of the angiogenesis-restricting DLL4-NOTCH can have pro-angiogenic effects via this pathway. It also provides a link between DLL4-NOTCH and FOXO1-mediated regulation of endothelial gene transcription, and it shows that DLL4-NOTCH is a nodal point in the integration of pro-angiogenic and metabolic signaling in endothelial cells. This may be crucial for angiogenesis in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Harjes
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford
| | - Esther Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, and; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford,.
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Nielsen TS, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL, Møller N, Lund S. Dissecting adipose tissue lipolysis: molecular regulation and implications for metabolic disease. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:R199-222. [PMID: 24577718 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipolysis is the process by which triglycerides (TGs) are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol. In adipocytes, this is achieved by sequential action of adipose TG lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoglyceride lipase. The activity in the lipolytic pathway is tightly regulated by hormonal and nutritional factors. Under conditions of negative energy balance such as fasting and exercise, stimulation of lipolysis results in a profound increase in FFA release from adipose tissue (AT). This response is crucial in order to provide the organism with a sufficient supply of substrate for oxidative metabolism. However, failure to efficiently suppress lipolysis when FFA demands are low can have serious metabolic consequences and is believed to be a key mechanism in the development of type 2 diabetes in obesity. As the discovery of ATGL in 2004, substantial progress has been made in the delineation of the remarkable complexity of the regulatory network controlling adipocyte lipolysis. Notably, regulatory mechanisms have been identified on multiple levels of the lipolytic pathway, including gene transcription and translation, post-translational modifications, intracellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability/degradation. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of AT lipolysis with particular focus on the molecular regulation of the two main lipases, ATGL and HSL, and the intracellular and extracellular signals affecting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svava Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto L Jørgensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 6.6.30, DK-2200 N Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bldg. 3.0, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Molecular MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Rajjo TI, Harteneck DA, Jensen MD. Direct free fatty acid storage in different sized adipocytes from the same depot. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1275-9. [PMID: 24639405 PMCID: PMC4008637 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human adipocytes take up free fatty acids (FFA) directly from the circulation, even at times of high lipolytic activity. Whether these processes occurs simultaneously within the same cells or are partitioned between different cells, for example large and small cells, is unknown. METHODS The direct FFA storage in subcutaneous fat in 13 adults were measured using a continuous infusion of [U-(13)C]palmitate and a bolus of [1-(14)C]palmitate followed 30 min later by abdominal and femoral adipose biopsies. The adipocytes were isolated by digestion procedures and separated into small, medium and large populations by differential floatation. RESULTS Populations of adipocytes were isolated that were statistically and clinically (∼3 fold different) in size. Adipocyte lipid SA was not different between small, medium and large cells, therefore, FFA storage per unit lipid was not different. However, FFA storage rates were significantly (two to four times) greater per cell in large than small cells (P < 0.005). In summary, relative to lipid content, FFA storage rates are not different in large and small adipocytes, however, large cells have greater storage rates per cell. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that the processes of FFA release and storage are taking place simultaneously in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael D. Jensen
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen, M.D., Mayo Clinic, Endocrine Research Unit, 200 1st Street SW, Rm 50194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905, telephone - 507 255-6515, fax - 507 255-4828,
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Karakas SE, Banaszewska B, Spaczynski RZ, Pawelczyk L, Duleba A. Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:483-7. [PMID: 23480783 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.774360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome. We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Sixty-two healthy, untreated women with PCOS (age 25.1 ± 3.6 years, BMI: 24.0 ± 4.7 kg/m(2)) were randomized to metformin (n = 24), simvastatin (n = 20) or metformin plus simvastatin (n = 18) for 3 months. Anthropometric measures, fasting blood tests and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were obtained at the baseline and the end. At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009). Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively. Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4. Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids. Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika E Karakas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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Ohira H, Fujioka Y, Katagiri C, Mamoto R, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Amako K, Izumi Y, Nishiumi S, Yoshida M, Usami M, Ikeda M. Butyrate attenuates inflammation and lipolysis generated by the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:425-42. [PMID: 23470566 DOI: 10.5551/jat.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Paracrine interaction between macrophages and adipocytes in obese visceral fat tissues is thought to be a trigger of chronic inflammation. The immunomodulatory effect of the short chain fatty acid, butyric acid, has been demonstrated. We hypothesize that sodium butyrate (butyrate) attenuates inflammatory responses and lipolysis generated by the interaction of macrophages and adipocytes. METHODS Using contact or transwell co-culture methods with differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages, we investigated the effects of butyrate on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the release of free glycerol, free fatty acids (FFAs) into the medium. We also examined the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in co-cultured macrophages, as well as lipase activity and expression in co-cultured adipocytes. RESULTS We found increased production of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and free glycerol, FFAs in the co-culture medium, and butyrate significantly reduced them. Butyrate inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs, the activity of NF-κB in co-cultured macrophages, and suppressed lipase activity in co-cultured adipocytes. Lipase inhibitors significantly attenuated the production of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 in the co-culture medium as effectively as butyrate. Butyrate suppressed the protein production of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 in co-cultured adipocytes. Pertussis toxin, which is known to block GPR41 completely, inhibited the antilipolysis effect of butyrate. CONCLUSION Butyrate suppresses inflammatory responses generated by the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages through reduced lipolysis and inhibition of inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohira
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan.
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Eitam H, Agmon R, Asher A, Brosh A, Orlov A, Izhaki I, Shabtay A. Protein deprivation attenuates Hsp expression in fat tissue. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:339-47. [PMID: 22081321 PMCID: PMC3312956 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For ruminants, dietary protein is the first limiting component to the utilization of low-quality forage. Throughout gestation, low-protein intake may result in prenatal programming that causes various metabolic disturbances and physiological modulations to dams and their developing embryos. We studied the effect of long-term low-protein diet (LPD) on physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters of the energy status in gestating beef cows. LPD resulted in significant reductions in feed intake and heart rate and promoted a negative retained energy status already after 3 weeks. Elevated levels of plasma creatinine and non-esterified fatty acids indicate endogenous degradation of fat and protein as a response to the demands in energy and nitrogen. Increasing levels of β-hydroxybutyrate confirmed the negative energy status obtained by the physiological measurements. At the molecular level, subcutaneous fat, Hsp90, Hsp70, and proteasome subunits decreased significantly after 3 months on LPD, in parallel with an increase of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. These results may indicate a decrease in turn-over of proteins, at the cost of induced lipolysis, and suggest that the response to protein deprivation, when examined in an energy-storing tissue, includes downregulation of the constitutive heat shock proteins involved in the protein degradation pathway of energy production and upregulation of tissue-specific genes such as those involved in energy production from fat degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harel Eitam
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rotem Agmon
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Aviv Asher
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Arieh Brosh
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Alla Orlov
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Shabtay
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
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Wang Y. Small lipid-binding proteins in regulating endothelial and vascular functions: focusing on adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and lipocalin-2. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:603-21. [PMID: 21658023 PMCID: PMC3315034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dysregulated production of adipokines from adipose tissue plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated cardiovascular abnormalities. A group of adipokines, including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and lipocalin-2, possess specific lipid-binding activity and are up-regulated in obese human subjects and animal models. They act as lipid chaperones to promote lipotoxicity in endothelial cells and cause endothelial dysfunction under obese conditions. However, different small lipid-binding proteins modulate the development of vascular complications in distinctive manners, which are partly attributed to their specialized structural features and functionalities. By focusing on A-FABP and lipocalin-2, this review summarizes recent advances demonstrating the causative roles of these newly identified adipose tissue-derived lipid chaperones in obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. The specific lipid-signalling mechanisms mediated by these two proteins are highlighted to support their specialized functions. In summary, A-FABP and lipocalin-2 represent potential therapeutic targets to design drugs for preventing vascular diseases associated with obesity. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Okada T, Hiromura M, Otsuka M, Enomoto S, Miyachi H. Synthesis of BMS-309403-Related Compounds, Including [14C]BMS-309403, a Radioligand for Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:164-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Okada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Makoto Hiromura
- Laboratory of Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Center for Molecular Imaging Science, RIKEN Kobe Institute
| | - Masato Otsuka
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University
| | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
- Laboratory of Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Center for Molecular Imaging Science, RIKEN Kobe Institute
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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44
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Coleman RA, Mashek DG. Mammalian triacylglycerol metabolism: synthesis, lipolysis, and signaling. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6359-86. [PMID: 21627334 PMCID: PMC3181269 DOI: 10.1021/cr100404w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Smathers RL, Petersen DR. The human fatty acid-binding protein family: evolutionary divergences and functions. Hum Genomics 2011; 5:170-91. [PMID: 21504868 PMCID: PMC3500171 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-5-3-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are members of the intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) family and are involved in reversibly binding intracellular hydrophobic ligands and trafficking them throughout cellular compartments, including the peroxisomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. FABPs are small, structurally conserved cytosolic proteins consisting of a water-filled, interior-binding pocket surrounded by ten anti-parallel beta sheets, forming a beta barrel. At the superior surface, two alpha-helices cap the pocket and are thought to regulate binding. FABPs have broad specificity, including the ability to bind long-chain (C16-C20) fatty acids, eicosanoids, bile salts and peroxisome proliferators. FABPs demonstrate strong evolutionary conservation and are present in a spectrum of species including Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse and human. The human genome consists of nine putatively functional protein-coding FABP genes. The most recently identified family member, FABP12, has been less studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Smathers
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Girousse A, Langin D. Adipocyte lipases and lipid droplet-associated proteins: insight from transgenic mouse models. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:581-94. [PMID: 21673652 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue lipolysis is the catabolic process whereby stored triacylglycerol (TAG) is broken down by lipases into fatty acids and glycerol. Here, we review recent insights from transgenic mouse models. Genetic manipulations affecting lipases are considered first, followed by transgenic models of lipase co-factors and lastly non-lipase lipid droplet (LD)-associated proteins. The central role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), long considered to be the sole rate-limiting enzyme of TAG hydrolysis, has been revised since the discovery of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). It is now accepted that ATGL initiates TAG breakdown producing diacylglycerol, which is subsequently hydrolyzed by HSL. Furthermore, lipase activities are modulated by co-factors whose deletion causes severe metabolic disturbances. Another major advance has come from the description of the involvement of non-lipase proteins in the regulation of lipolysis. The role of perilipins has been extensively investigated. Other newly discovered LD-associated proteins have also been shown to regulate lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Girousse
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Obésités, INSERM U1048-I2MC, Equipe 4, Toulouse, France
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Liu X, Huang X, Lin W, Wang D, Diao Y, Li H, Hui X, Wang Y, Xu A, Wu D, Ke D. New aromatic substituted pyrazoles as selective inhibitors of human adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2949-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deiuliis J, Shin J, Murphy E, Kronberg SL, Eastridge ML, Suh Y, Yoon JT, Lee K. Bovine adipose triglyceride lipase is not altered and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein is increased by dietary flaxseed. Lipids 2010; 45:963-73. [PMID: 20886305 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the full-length coding sequence of bovine ATGL cDNA and analyze its expression in bovine tissues. Similar to human, mouse, and pig ATGL sequences, bovine ATGL has a highly conserved patatin domain that is necessary for lipolytic function in mice and humans. This suggests that ATGL is functionally intact as a triglyceride lipase in cattle. Tissue distribution of ATGL gene expression was highest in fat and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) tissue, while protein expression was solely detectible in the adipose tissue. The effect of 109 days of flaxseed supplementation on ATGL and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4 or A-FABP, E-FABP or FABP5) expression was examined in Angus steers. Supplemented steers had greater triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the muscle compared with unsupplemented ones. Additionally, supplementation increased A-FABP expression and decreased stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) expression in muscle, while total ATGL expression was unaffected. In summary, supplementation of cattle rations with flaxseed increased muscle TAG concentrations attributed in part to increased expression of key enzymes involved in lipid trafficking (A-FABP) and metabolism (SCD-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Deiuliis
- Department of Animal Sciences and The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Shen WJ, Patel S, Eriksson JE, Kraemer FB. Vimentin is a functional partner of hormone sensitive lipase and facilitates lipolysis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1786-94. [PMID: 20143880 DOI: 10.1021/pr900909t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipolysis involves a number of components including signaling pathways, droplet-associated proteins, and lipases such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). We used surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to identify cellular proteins that might interact with HSL and potentially influence lipolysis. Using recombinant HSL as bait on protein chips, clusters of proteins of 14.7-18.9, 25.8-26.8, 36.1, 44.3-49.1, and 53.7 kDa were identified that interact with HSL, particularly when lysates were examined from beta-agonist treated mouse adipocytes. The ability to detect these interacting proteins was markedly diminished when the adipocytes were treated with insulin. A very similar pattern of proteins was identified when anti-HSL IgG was used as the bait. Following immunocapture, the identification of the prominent 53.7 kDa protein was carried out by tryptic digestion and MS analysis and determined to be vimentin. The interaction of HSL with vimentin, and its hormonal dependence, was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. beta-Agonist stimulated lipolysis and the rate of HSL translocation were impaired in vimentin null adipocytes, even though normal amounts of lipases and droplet-associated proteins are expressed. The current studies provide evidence that vimentin participates in lipolysis through direct, hormonally regulated interactions with HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Long NM, Prado-Cooper MJ, Krehbiel CR, DeSilva U, Wettemann RP. Effects of nutrient restriction of bovine dams during early gestation on postnatal growth, carcass and organ characteristics, and gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3251-61. [PMID: 20525929 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus x Hereford heifers (15 mo and artificially inseminated to a single sire) were used to evaluate the effect of prenatal nutritional restriction on postnatal growth and development. At d 32 of gestation, dams were stratified by BW and BCS and allotted to a low-nutrition [55% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 10] or moderate-nutrition [100% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 10] diet. After 83 d of feeding, dams were commingled and received a diet in excess of requirements. Dams were allowed to calve naturally, and birth weights and growth of calves were recorded. Bulls were castrated at birth. Steers (16 mo of age, 5 per treatment) received a high-concentrate diet ad libitum to a constant age (88 ± 1 wk). Steers were slaughtered and weights of the empty body and organs were recorded. Samples of organs, muscle (complexus), and perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue were stored at -80 degrees C, and then DNA and protein concentrations were quantified and expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and glucose uptake were measured in adipose and muscle tissue. Dams had similar (P > 0.33) BW and BCS at the beginning of the experiment. At the end of restriction, dams on the low-nutrition diet weighed less (P ≤ 0.01) and had less BCS (P < 0.001) than those on the moderate-nutrition diet. Length of gestation was 274 ± 2 d for dams in the low-nutrition treatment and 278 ± 2 d (P = 0.05) for dams in the moderate-nutrition treatment. Nutrient restriction during gestation did not influence birth weight or postnatal growth of calves. Lungs and trachea of steers whose dams were fed the low-nutrition diet weighed less (P = 0.05) at slaughter than those of steers whose dams were fed the moderate-nutrition diet; weights of other organs were not influenced by treatment. Complexus muscle from steers whose dams were fed the low-nutrition diet had a greater (P = 0.04) concentration of DNA and larger muscle fiber area compared with steers whose dams were fed the moderate-nutrition diet. Abundance of mRNA for fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid translocase, and glucose transporter 4 was less in perirenal adipose tissue of steers whose dams were fed the low-nutrition diet compared with those whose dams were fed the moderate-nutrition diet. Nutritional restriction of dams during early gestation did not alter postnatal calf growth. However, concentrations of DNA in muscle tissue and muscle fiber area were greater in steers from dams exposed to restricted nutrient intake during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Long
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK 74078-0425, USA
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