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Matheus VA, Oliveira RB, Maschio DA, Tada SFS, Soares GM, Mousovich-Neto F, Costa RG, Mori MA, Barbosa HCL, Collares-Buzato CB. Butyrate restores the fat/lean mass ratio balance and energy metabolism and reinforces the tight junction-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier in prediabetic mice independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109409. [PMID: 37364792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue/cellular actions of butyrate on energy metabolism and intestinal barrier in normal metabolic conditions or prediabetes are still unclear. In this work, we investigated the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate on energy metabolism, body mass composition, and intestinal epithelial barrier mediated by tight junction (TJ) in chow diet-fed normal and high-fat diet (HF)-fed prediabetic mice, considering the well-known butyrate action as an epigenetic and inflammatory regulator. Butyrate significantly reduced the fat/lean mass ratio, slightly ameliorated dyslipidemia, restored oral glucose tolerance, and increased basal energy expenditure in prediabetic HF-fed mice but had no effect on control animals. Such effects were observed in the absence of significant alterations in the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic genes and motor activity. Also, butyrate suppressed the whitening effect of HF on brown adipose tissue but did not affect cell bioenergetics in immortalized UCP1-positive adipocytes in vitro. Butyrate reinforced the intestinal epithelial barrier in HF-fed mice and in Caco-2 monolayers, which involved higher trafficking of TJ proteins to the cell-cell contact region of the intestinal epithelia, without affecting TJ gene expression or the acetylation level of histones H3 and H4 in vivo. All metabolic and intestinal effects of butyrate in prediabetic mice occurred in the absence of detectable changes in systemic or local inflammation, or alterations in endotoxemia markers. Butyrate has no effect on chow diet-fed mice but, in the context of HF-induced prediabetes, it prevents metabolic and intestinal dysfunctions independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquiria A Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Maschio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Susely F S Tada
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul G Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla B Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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3
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Arnaud T, Rodrigues-Lima F, Viguier M, Deshayes F. Interplay between EGFR, E-cadherin, and PTP1B in epidermal homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2022:2104085. [PMID: 35875939 PMCID: PMC10364651 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining epithelial homeostasis is crucial to allow embryo development but also the protective barrier which is ensured by the epidermis. This homeostasis is regulated through the expression of several molecules among which EGFR and E-cadherin which are of major importance. Indeed, defects in the regulation of these proteins lead to abnormalities in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Hence, regulation of these two proteins is of the utmost importance as they are involved in numerous skin pathologies and cancers. In the last decades it has been described several pathways of regulation of these two proteins and notably several mechanisms of cross-regulation between these partners. In this review, we aimed to describe the current understanding of the regulation of EGFR and interactions between EGFR and E-cadherin and, in particular, the implication of these cross-regulations in epithelium homeostasis. We pay particular attention to PTP1B, a phosphatase involved in the regulation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Arnaud
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
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Proulx J, Ghaly M, Park IW, Borgmann K. HIV-1-Mediated Acceleration of Oncovirus-Related Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040768. [PMID: 35453518 PMCID: PMC9024568 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), overall survival has been improved, and the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers has also been remarkably reduced. However, non-AIDS-defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated malignancies have increased significantly so that cancer is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV in certain highly developed countries, such as France. However, it is currently unknown how HIV-1 infection raises oncogenic virus-mediated cancer risks in the HIV-1 and oncogenic virus co-infected patients, and thus elucidation of the molecular mechanisms for how HIV-1 expedites the oncogenic viruses-triggered tumorigenesis in the co-infected hosts is imperative for developing therapeutics to cure or impede the carcinogenesis. Hence, this review is focused on HIV-1 and oncogenic virus co-infection-mediated molecular processes in the acceleration of non-AIDS-defining cancers.
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Yao Q, Ke HJ, Yang Q, Liao GY, Liu P. Study on the Mechanism of MicroRNA551b-5p in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Capillary Leakage Syndrome. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6373757. [PMID: 35256892 PMCID: PMC8898106 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6373757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study focused on investigating the effects of microRNA551b-5p (miR-551b-5p) on severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Initially, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is employed to determine the expression of miR-551b-5p in differentiated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further, the effects of aberrantly expressed miR-551b-5p in HUVECs Transwell assay. The expressions of proteins associated with severe acute pancreatitis capillary leakage syndrome are determined by Western blot, FITC-phalloidin, and immunofluorescence stainings. Finally, the correlative factor and the target genes of miR-551b-5p, as well as their contributions, are assessed. Results We observed that overexpression of miR-551b-5p distinctly promoted the expression of EGFR, AKT3, and AQP5, while it suppressed the expression of JAM3, AQP1, and occludin. Functionally, the cytoskeleton of the miR-551b-5p overexpression was relatively loose with apparent vacuoles, and overexpression of miR-551b-5p increased the permeability of HUVECs. Conclusion miR-551b-5p overexpression promoted changes in vascular endothelial permeability via upregulation of the EGFR/AKT3 pathway and downregulation of occludin and JAM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua-Jing Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gen-You Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Kaur B, Mukhlis Y, Natesh J, Penta D, Musthapa Meeran S. Identification of hub genes associated with EMT-induced chemoresistance in breast cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Gene 2022; 809:146016. [PMID: 34655723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major challenges in the treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in not only metastasis but also in chemoresistance, hence causing tumor relapse. This study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with EMT and chemoresistance in breast cancer affecting patient/clinical survival. Commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during EMT and chemoresistance in breast cancer cells were identified using publicly available datasets, GSE23655, GSE39359, GSE33146 and GSE76540. Hierarchical clustering analysis was utilized to determine the commonly DEGs expression pattern in chemoresistant (CR) breast cancer cells. GSEA revealed that EMT-related genes sets were enriched in the CR samples. Further, we found that EMT-induced breast cancer cells showed overexpression of drug efflux transporters along with resistance to chemotherapeutic drug. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the commonly DEGs were enriched in immunological pathways, early endosome, protein dimerization, and proteoglycans in cancer. Further, we identified eight hub genes from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We validated the gene expression levels of the hub genes among TCGA breast cancer samples using UALCAN. Survival analysis for the hub genes was performed using KM plotter, which showed a worse relapse-free survival (RFS) of the hub genes among breast cancer patients. In conclusion, this study identified eight hub genes that play an important role in the pathways underlying EMT-induced chemoresistance in breast cancer and can be used as therapeutic targets after clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavjot Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Yahya Mukhlis
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Barany A, Oliva M, Gregório SF, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Dysregulation of Intestinal Physiology by Aflatoxicosis in the Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2022; 12:741192. [PMID: 34987413 PMCID: PMC8722709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often present in food. This study aimed to understand the physiological effects of AFB1 on the seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal system. In a first in vitro approach, we investigated ion transport using the short-circuit current (Isc) technique in Ussing chambers in the anterior intestine (AI). Application of apical/luminal AFB1 concentrations of 8 and 16 μM to healthy tissues was without effect on tissue transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and apparent tissue permeability (Papp) was measured using fluorescein FITC (4 kD). However, it resulted in dose-related effects on Isc. In a second approach, seabream juveniles fed with different AFB1 concentrations (1 and 2 mg AFB1 kg−1 fish feed) for 85 days showed significantly reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase (HA) activities in the posterior intestine (PI). Moreover, dietary AFB1 modified Isc in the AI and PI, significantly affecting TER in the AI. To understand this effect on TER, we analyzed the expression of nine claudins and three occludins as markers of intestinal architecture and permeability using qPCR. Around 80% of the genes presented significantly different relative mRNA expression between AI and PI and had concomitant sensitivity to dietary AFB1. Based on the results of our in vitro, in vivo, and molecular approaches, we conclude that the effects of dietary AFB1 in the gastrointestinal system are at the base of the previously reported growth impairment caused by AFB1 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Filipa Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Hu Y, Xie X, Yang L, Wang A. A Comprehensive View on the Host Factors and Viral Proteins Associated With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:762358. [PMID: 34950116 PMCID: PMC8688245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus pathogen of the pig intestinal tract, can cause fatal watery diarrhea in piglets, thereby causing huge economic losses to swine industries around the world. The pathogenesis of PEDV has intensively been studied; however, the viral proteins of PEDV and the host factors in target cells, as well as their interactions, which are the foundation of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection, remain to be summarized and updated. PEDV has multiple important structural and functional proteins, which play various roles in the process of virus infection. Among them, the S and N proteins play vital roles in biological processes related to PEDV survival via interacting with the host cell proteins. Meanwhile, a number of host factors including receptors are required for the infection of PEDV via interacting with the viral proteins, thereby affecting the reproduction of PEDV and contributing to its life cycle. In this review, we provide an updated understanding of viral proteins and host factors, as well as their interactions in terms of PEDV infection. Additionally, the effects of cellular factors, events, and signaling pathways on PEDV infection are also discussed. Thus, these comprehensive and profound insights should facilitate for the further investigations, control, and prevention of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingchen Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,PCB Biotechnology, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
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9
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Kumar B, Ahmad R, Giannico GA, Zent R, Talmon GA, Harris RC, Clark PE, Lokeshwar V, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Claudin-2 inhibits renal clear cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting YAP-activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:77. [PMID: 33622361 PMCID: PMC7901196 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Claudin-2 expression is upregulated in multiple cancers and promotes cancer malignancy. Remarkably, the regulation of claudin-2 expression in kidney cell lines contrasts its reported regulation in other organs. However, claudin-2 role in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown despite its predominant expression in the proximal tubular epithelium (PTE), the site of RCC origin. Methods Publicly available and independent patient databases were examined for claudin-2 association with RCC. The novel protein function was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by Mass spectroscopy, immunoprecipitation and mutational studies, and functional evaluations. Results We show that the significant decrease in claudin-2 expression characterized PTE cells and Ex-vivo cultured mouse kidney subjected to dedifferentiation. Inhibition of claudin-2 was enough to induce mesenchymal plasticity and invasive mobility in these models. Further, a progressive loss of claudin-2 expression associated with the RCC progression and poor patient survival. Overexpression of claudin-2 in RCC-derived cancer cells inhibited tumorigenic abilities and xenograft tumor growth. These data supported a novel tumor-suppressive role of claudin-2 in RCC. Mechanistic insights further revealed that claudin-2 associates with YAP-protein and modulates its phosphorylation (S127) and nuclear expression. The tumor suppressive effects of claudin-2 expression were lost upon deletion of its PDZ-binding motif emphasizing the critical role of the PDZ-domain in claudin-2 interaction with YAP in regulating RCC malignancy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel kidney specific tumor suppressive role for claudin-2 protein and further demonstrate that claudin-2 co-operates with the YAP signaling in regulating the RCC malignancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Vinata Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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DoĞan E, DÜzgÜn Z, Yildirim Z, Özdİl B, AktuĞ H, Bozok ÇetİntaŞ V. The effects of PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 on claudins and malignancy potential of nonsmall cell cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:26-34. [PMID: 33597819 PMCID: PMC7877718 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2010-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PIKfyve is an evolutionarily conserved lipid and protein kinase enzyme that has pleiotropic cellular functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) inhibitor, YM201636, on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells growth, tumorigenicity, and claudin (CLDN) expressions. Three NSCLC cell lines (Calu-1, H1299 and HCC827) were used to compare the effects of YM201636. Cytotoxic effects of YM201636 were analysed using XTT assay. Malignancy potential of cells assesses with wound healing and soft agar colony-forming assays. mRNA and protein expressions of claudins were analysed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Our results revealed that YM201636 inhibited the proliferation and malignancy potential of Calu-1, H1299, and HCC827 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After YM201636 treatment CLDN1, -3 and -5 expressions increased significantly in HCC827 cells. CLDN3 and -5 expressions also significantly increased in Calu1 cell line. YM201636 treatment significantly reduced the CLDN1 and increased the CLDN5 expression in H1299 cells. Immunofluorescence staining of CLDN1, -3 and -5 proteins showed a significant increase after YM201636 treatment. Besides, YM201636 induced EGFR mRNA expression in all NSCLC cell lines. Our results have shown that YM201636 inhibits tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) pathway is important signalling involved in the regulation of claudins. Understanding the mechanisms of PIKfyve inhibitors may improve cancer treatment particularly for EGFR overactivated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda DoĞan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
| | - Zekeriya DÜzgÜn
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun Turkey
| | - Zafer Yildirim
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
| | - Berrin Özdİl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
| | - Hüseyin AktuĞ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir Turkey
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11
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Anwer S, Branchard E, Dan Q, Dan A, Szászi K. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces claudin-3 upregulation in kidney tubular epithelial cells through NF-κB and CREB1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C495-C508. [PMID: 33439776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00185.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are essential for tight junction formation and paracellular transport, and they affect key cellular events including proliferation and migration. The properties of tight junctions are dynamically modulated by a variety of inputs. We previously showed that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a major pathogenic factor in kidney disease, alters epithelial permeability by affecting the expression of claudin-1, -2, and -4 in kidney tubular cells. Here, we explored the effect of TNFα on claudin-3 (Cldn-3), a ubiquitous barrier-forming protein. We found that TNFα elevated Cldn-3 protein expression in tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1 and IMCD3) as early as 3 h post treatment. Bafilomycin A and bortezomib, inhibitors of lysosomal and proteasomes, respectively, reduced Cldn-3 degradation. However, TNFα caused a strong upregulation of Cldn-3 in the presence of bafilomycin, suggesting an effect independent from lysosomes. Blocking protein synthesis using cycloheximide prevented Cldn-3 upregulation by TNFα, verifying the contribution of de novo Cldn-3 synthesis. Indeed, TNFα elevated Cldn-3 mRNA levels at early time points. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA-mediated silencing, we determined that the effect of TNFα on Cldn-3 was mediated by extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent activation of NF-κB and PKA-induced activation of CREB1. These two pathways were turned on by TNFα in parallel and both were required for the upregulation of Cldn-3. Because Cldn-3 was suggested to modulate cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and TNFα was shown to affect these processes, Cldn-3 upregulation may modulate regeneration of the tubules following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Anwer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Branchard
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pérez AG, Andrade-Da-Costa J, De Souza WF, De Souza Ferreira M, Boroni M, De Oliveira IM, Freire-Neto CA, Fernandes PV, De Lanna CA, Souza-Santos PT, Morgado-Díaz JA, De-Freitas-Junior JCM. N‑glycosylation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling affect claudin‑3 levels in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1649-1661. [PMID: 32945502 PMCID: PMC7448416 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in protein levels in different components of the apical junctional complex occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Claudin-3 is one of the main constituents of tight junctions, and its overexpression can increase the paracellular flux of macromolecules, as well as the malignant potential of CRC cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of claudin-3 and its prognostic value in CRC. In silico evaluation in each of the CRC consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) revealed that high expression levels of CLDN3 (gene encoding claudin-3) in CMS2 and CMS3 worsened the patients' long-term survival, whereas a decrease in claudin-3 levels concomitant with a reduction in phosphorylation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) could be achieved by inhibiting N-glycan biosynthesis in CRC cells. We also observed that specific inactivation of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) led to a decrease in claudin-3 levels, and this regulation seems to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CRC cells. RTKs are modulated by their N-linked glycans, and inhibition of N-glycan biosynthesis decreased the claudin-3 levels; therefore, we evaluated the correlation between N-glycogenes and CLDN3 expression levels in each of the CRC molecular subtypes. The CMS1 (MSI immune) subtype concomitantly exhibited low expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and B3GNT8), whereas CMS2 (canonical) exhibited high gene expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (ST6GAL1 and B3GNT8). A robust positive correlation was also observed between CLDN3 and B3GNT8 expression levels in all CMSs. These results support the hypothesis of a mechanism integrating RTK signaling and N-glycosylation for the regulation of claudin-3 levels in CRC, and they suggest that CLDN3 expression can be used to predict the prognosis of patients identified as CMS2 or CMS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G Pérez
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade-Da-Costa
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Waldemir F De Souza
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Michelle De Souza Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Ivanir M De Oliveira
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Freire-Neto
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Priscila V Fernandes
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | - Cristóvão A De Lanna
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
| | | | - José A Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231‑050, Brazil
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13
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Arruda CFJD, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Marques MM, Nagano CP, Bologna SB, Bettim BB, Germano JN, Pinto CAL, Hsieh R, Lourenço SV. Claudin expression is maintained in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153161. [PMID: 32862070 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of claudin-1, -3, -4, -5 and -7 proteins in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of oral cavity and analyze whether EGF may interfere in the expression of the genes that encode claudins using in vitro models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of claudins was searched in 36 histologically graded cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The association of expression of claudins with clinical-pathological parameters was evaluated. An in vitro step investigated the influence of EGF on gene expression of claudins by real time RT-PCR technique. RESULTS Claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, and -7 were highly expressed in most mucoepidermoid carcinomas. These expressions were compared with clinicopathological parameters. High expression of claudin-1 was associated with patients over 40 years-old (p = 0.05) and Caucasians (p = 0.024). In vitro experiments demonstrated a tendency for Claudin gene expression increase after EGF stimulus. CONCLUSIONS The expression of claudins is maintained in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and EGF could be related with this expression. Our results point out to a fundamental biological importance to CLDNs in normal and neoplastic tissue. The expression patterns of CLDNs does not yet allow a clinical application, but the biological knowledge will ground evidence to new studies towards possible target-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcia Martins Marques
- Post Graduation Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Health Sciences Eugenio Espejo, UTE University, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Hsieh
- Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Improved micro-impedance spectroscopy to determine cell barrier properties. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether the Tethapod system, which was designed to determine the impedance properties of lipid bilayers, could be used for cell culture in order to utilise micro-impedance spectroscopy to examine further biological applications. To that purpose we have used normal epithelial cells from kidney (RPTEC) and a kidney cancer cell model (786-O). We demonstrate that the Tethapod system is compatible with the culture of 10,000 cells seeded to grow on a small area gold measurement electrode for several days without affecting the cell viability. Furthermore, the range of frequencies for EIS measurements were tuned to examine easily the characteristics of the cell monolayer. We demonstrate significant differences in the paracellular resistance pathway between normal and cancer kidney epithelial cells. Thus, we conclude that this device has advantages for the study of cultured cells that include (i) the configuration of measurement and reference electrodes across a microfluidic channel, and (ii) the small surface area of 6 parallel measurement electrodes (2.1 mm2) integrated in a microfluidic system. These characteristics might improve micro-impedance spectroscopy measurement techniques to provide a simple tool for further studies in the field of the patho-physiology of biological barriers.
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15
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Niu Y, Fu X, Liu L, Lin Q, Liang H, Huang Z, Li N. Molecular characterization and function of EGFR during viral infectionprocess in Mandarin fishSiniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:211-217. [PMID: 32298770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase protein and plays a critical role in virus infection by modulating innate immunity. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the EGFR coding sequence of mandarin fish, designed as scEGFR, and explored its characteristics. scEGFR mRNA was widely expressed in the tested tissues of mandarin fish, and the higher mRNA levels were expressed in kidney and spleen. scEGFR expression was up-regulated in spleen and CPB cells at early stage of ISKNV and SCRV infection. Gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) inhibited ISKNV and SCRV replication, and increased the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). However the EGF (EGFR activator) promoted ISKNV and SCRV replication, and decreased the interferon-stimulated genes. Those results indicated that scEGFR and its signaling involved in ISKNV and SCRV infection, and EGFR activation negatively regulated the interferon response, providing a potential target for the development of new therapic strategy against ISKNV and SCRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Niu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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Venugopal S, Anwer S, Szászi K. Claudin-2: Roles beyond Permeability Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225655. [PMID: 31726679 PMCID: PMC6888627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 is expressed in the tight junctions of leaky epithelia, where it forms cation-selective and water permeable paracellular channels. Its abundance is under fine control by a complex signaling network that affects both its synthesis and turnover in response to various environmental inputs. Claudin-2 expression is dysregulated in many pathologies including cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Claudin-2 has a key role in energy-efficient ion and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and in the gut. Importantly, strong evidence now also supports a role for this protein as a modulator of vital cellular events relevant to diseases. Signaling pathways that are overactivated in diseases can alter claudin-2 expression, and a good correlation exists between disease stage and claudin-2 abundance. Further, loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that primary changes in claudin-2 expression impact vital cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell fate determination. These effects appear to be mediated by alterations in key signaling pathways. The specific mechanisms linking claudin-2 to these changes remain poorly understood, but adapters binding to the intracellular portion of claudin-2 may play a key role. Thus, dysregulation of claudin-2 may contribute to the generation, maintenance, and/or progression of diseases through both permeability-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the properties, regulation, and functions of claudin-2, with a special emphasis on its signal-modulating effects and possible role in diseases.
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17
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Niño CA, Sala S, Polo S. When ubiquitin meets E-cadherin: Plasticity of the epithelial cellular barrier. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Kim CS, Yang X, Jacobsen S, Masters KS, Kreeger PK. Leader cell PLCγ1 activation during keratinocyte collective migration is induced by EGFR localization and clustering. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:e10138. [PMID: 31572796 PMCID: PMC6764804 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is a critical step in wound healing and results from the collective migration of keratinocytes. Previous work demonstrated that immobilized, but not soluble, epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in leader cell-specific activation of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) in HaCaT keratinocytes, and that this PLCγ1 activation was necessary to drive persistent cell migration. To determine the mechanism responsible for wound edge-localized PLCγ1 activation, we examined differences in cell area, cell-cell interactions, and EGF receptor (EGFR) localization between wound edge and bulk cells treated with vehicle, soluble EGF, or immobilized EGF. Our results support a multistep mechanism where EGFR translocation from the lateral membrane to the basolateral/basal membrane allows clustering in response to immobilized EGF. This analysis of factors regulating PLCγ1 activation is a crucial step toward developing therapies or wound dressings capable of modulating this signal and, consequently, cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S. Kim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705
| | - Xinhai Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705
| | - Sarah Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI53705
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI53705
| | - Pamela K. Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin—MadisonMadisonWI53705
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI53705
- Department of Cell and Regenerative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI53705
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19
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Leve F, Bonfim DP, Fontes G, Morgado-Díaz JA. Gold nanoparticles regulate tight junctions and improve cetuximab effect in colon cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1565-1578. [PMID: 31215349 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Colon cancer (CC) is the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has been increasing in cancer clinical trials over recent years. Materials & methods: We evaluated cytotoxicity of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the role they play on cell-cell adhesion. We also used GNP for delivery of cetuximab into different CC cell lines. Results: CC cells with well-formed tight junctions impair GNP uptake. Noncytotoxic concentration of GNP increases paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cells in a reversible way, concomitantly to tight junctions proteins CLDN1 and ZO-1 redistribution. GNP functionalized with cetuximab increases death of invasive HCT-116 CC cells. Conclusion: GNP can be used for drug delivery and can improve efficiency of CC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leve
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory (Labio), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Daniella P Bonfim
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory (Labio), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Giselle Fontes
- Cellular & Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Institute of Cancer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Morgado-Díaz
- Microscopy Applied to Life Sciences Laboratory (Lamav), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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20
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Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:547-561. [PMID: 30297438 PMCID: PMC6453741 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades a growing body of evidence has demonstrated an important role of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the physiology and disease biology of GI and liver disease. On one side, TJ proteins exert their functional role as integral proteins of TJs in forming barriers in the gut and the liver. Furthermore, TJ proteins can also be expressed outside TJs where they play important functional roles in signalling, trafficking and regulation of gene expression. A hallmark of TJ proteins in disease biology is their functional role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A causative role of TJ proteins has been established in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Among the best characterised roles of TJ proteins in liver disease biology is their function as cell entry receptors for HCV-one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time TJ proteins are emerging as targets for novel therapeutic approaches for GI and liver disease. Here we review our current knowledge of the role of TJ proteins in the pathogenesis of GI and liver disease biology and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Fang H, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhou S, Bai J, Wu Y, Qiao J, Jiang X, Zhu D, Ding Y. EGFR inhibitor gefitinib regulates barrier function in human epidermal keratinocytes via the modulation of the expression of claudins. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1522-1530. [PMID: 30628660 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been frequently used in targeted therapy for lung cancer. However, the widespread use of gefitinib in targeted therapy for patients with lung cancer is hampered by its common skin toxicities. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the skin toxicities of gefitinib. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) treated with gefitinib were used for a series of in vitro assays, including MTT, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular permeability detection. In the present study, it was determined that the skin toxicities of gefitinib may be due to claudin (CLDN)1 and CLDN4 downregulation and CLDN2 upregulation in NHEKs. Additionally, Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways were involved in gefitinib‑induced barrier function disruption in NHEKs. In conclusion, the present study may provide novel insights for improving skin toxicity of gefitinib in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yinhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Dingxian Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yingguo Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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22
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Nakayama H, Kitagawa N, Otani T, Iida H, Anan H, Inai T. Ochratoxin A, citrinin and deoxynivalenol decrease claudin-2 expression in mouse rectum CMT93-II cells. Microscopy (Oxf) 2018; 67:99-111. [PMID: 29474583 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are the first targets of ingested mycotoxins, such as ochratoxin A, citrinin and deoxynivalenol. It has been reported that paracellular permeability regulated by tight junctions is modulated by several mycotoxins by reducing the expression of specific claudins and integral membrane proteins in cell-cell contacts, accompanied by increase in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase. Claudin-2 is expressed in the deep crypt cells, but not in the villus/surface cells in vivo. While Caco-2, T84 and IPEC-J2 cells, which are widely used intestinal epithelial cell lines to assess the influence of mycotoxins, do not express claudin-2, CMT93-II cells express claudin-2. We previously reported that inhibition of the ERK pathway reduced claudin-2 levels in cell-cell contacts in CMT93-II cells. In this study, we examined whether ochratoxin A, citrinin and deoxynivalenol affect claudin-2 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in CMT93-II cells. We found that all mycotoxins reduced claudin-2 expression in cell-cell contacts, with reduction (by citrinin and deoxynivalenol) or no change (by ochratoxin A) in phosphorylated ERK1/2. All mycotoxins increased transepithelial electrical resistance, but did not affect flux of fluorescein. While ochratoxin A and citrinin are known to be nephrotoxic, only deoxynivalenol reduced claudin-2 expression in MDCK II cells derived from the renal tubule. These results suggest that claudin-2 expression is regulated not only by the ERK pathway, but also by other pathways in an organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakayama
- Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Norio Kitagawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takahito Otani
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iida
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hisashi Anan
- Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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23
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Isani M, Illingworth L, Herman E, Schmidt M, Barron L, Bowling J, Elizee M, Bai I, Gayer C, Grishin A, Erwin CR, Ford HR, Warner BW. Soybean-derived recombinant human epidermal growth factor protects against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1203-1207. [PMID: 29636182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) reduces necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, its high cost virtually prohibits clinical use. To reduce cost, soybean expressing human EGF was developed. Here we report effectiveness of soybean-derived EGF in experimental NEC. METHODS Newborn rats were subjected to the NEC-inducing regimen of formula feeding and hypoxia. Formula was supplemented with extract from EGF-expressing or empty soybeans. NEC pathology was determined microscopically. Localization of tight junction proteins JAM-A and ZO-1 was examined by immunofluorescence and levels of mucosal COX-2 and iNOS mRNAs by real time PCR. RESULTS Soybean extract amounts corresponding to 150μg/kg/day EGF caused considerable mortality, whereas those corresponding to 75μg/kg/day EGF were well tolerated. There was no significant difference in NEC scores between animals fed plain formula and formula supplemented with empty soybean extract. Soybean-EGF-supplemented formula at 75μg/kg/day EGF significantly decreased NEC, attenuated dissociation of JAM-A and ZO-1 proteins from tight junctions, and reduced intestinal expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNAs. CONCLUSION Supplementation with soybean-expressed EGF significantly decreased NEC in the rat model. Soybean-expressed EGF may provide an economical solution for EGF administration and prophylaxis of clinical NEC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Epidermal Growth Factor/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Infant Formula
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/pathology
- Junctional Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Glycine max
- Zonula Occludens Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubina Isani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Illingworth
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eliot Herman
- University of Arizona School of Plant Sciences, Tucson, AZ
| | - Monica Schmidt
- University of Arizona School of Plant Sciences, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lauren Barron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jordan Bowling
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melissa Elizee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Iris Bai
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher Gayer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anatoly Grishin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Henri R Ford
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that predominately affects premature neonates. The pathogenesis of NEC is multifactorial and poorly understood. Risk factors include low birth weight, formula-feeding, hypoxic/ischemic insults, and microbial dysbiosis. This review focuses on our current understanding of the diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis of NEC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings identify specific mucosal cell types as potential therapeutic targets in NEC. Despite a broadly accepted view that bacterial colonization plays a key role in NEC, characteristics of bacterial populations associated with this disease remain elusive. The use of probiotics such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been studied in numerous trials, but there is a lack of consensus regarding specific strains and dosing. Although growth factors found in breast milk such as epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor may be useful in disease prevention, developing new therapeutic interventions in NEC critically depends on better understanding of its pathogenesis. SUMMARY NEC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Recent data confirm that growth factors and certain bacteria may offer protection against NEC. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex pathogenesis of NEC.
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Induced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation Impairs the Antiviral Activity of Type I Interferon. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02095-17. [PMID: 29386292 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02095-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute and devastating enteric disease in suckling piglets and results in huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. To establish productive infection, viruses must first circumvent the host innate immune response. In this study, we found that PEDV infection stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, which has been linked to not only anticancer therapeutics, but also antiviral signaling. Therefore, we determined whether EGFR activation affected PEDV infection by using an activator or overexpression assay. The data showed that EGFR activation enhanced virus replication in both cases. We also found that specific inhibition of EGFR by either inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to a decrease in virus yields. Further analysis revealed that inhibition of EGFR produced augmentation of type I interferon genes. We next observed that the EGFR downstream cascade STAT3 was also activated upon PEDV infection. Similar to the case of EGFR, specific inhibition of STAT3 by either inhibitor or siRNA increased the antiviral activity of interferon and resulted in decreased PEDV RNA levels, and vice versa. The data on STAT3 depletion in combination with EGFR activation suggest that the attenuation of antiviral activity by EGFR activation requires activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PEDV-induced EGFR activation serves as a negative regulator of the type I interferon response and provides a novel therapeutic target for virus infection.IMPORTANCE EGFR is a transmembrane tyrosine receptor that mediates various cellular events, as well as several types of human cancers. In this study, we investigated for the first time the role of EGFR in PEDV infection. We observed that PEDV infection induced EGFR activation. The role of EGFR activation is to impair the antiviral activity of type I interferon, which requires the involvement of the EGFR downstream signaling cascade STAT3. Our findings reveal a new mechanism evolved by PEDV to circumvent the host antiviral response, which might serve as a therapeutic target against virus infection.
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Wasén C, Ekstrand M, Levin M, Giglio D. Epidermal growth factor receptor function in the human urothelium. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:647-656. [PMID: 29508172 PMCID: PMC5878195 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr)-targeted therapy may be used in subgroups of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Here we assessed the role of EGFr in urothelial proliferation and migration in a two- and three-dimensional cell culture system. METHODS UROtsa cells derived from normal urothelium and malignant T24 cells were cultured in a Type I collagen gel. Proliferation and migration of urothelial cells, in the absence and presence of the EGFr inhibitor cetuximab, were assessed with a proliferation test (ATCC) and with the Axioplan 2 imaging microscope with a motorized stage (Carl Zeiss), respectively. The expressions of cytokeratin (CK) 17, CK20, EGFr, pEGFr, laminin, occludin and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were assessed with immunohistochemistry and/or western blot. RESULTS UROtsa spheroids were formed after 7 days in culture, while T24 cells did not form spheroids. UROtsa expressed CK20 but not laminin or CK17 and consequently resembled umbrella cells. In UROtsa and T24, cetuximab inhibited urothelial proliferation, induced cleavage of EGFr and/or pEGFR but did not affect urothelial migration. The tight junction protein occludin was cleaved, and the formation of cellular spheroids was inhibited in UROtsa by the presence of cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS EGFr modulates urothelial proliferation and the formation of the three-dimensional structure of the urothelium possibly by interfering with occludin. The present data also show a cell culture technique enabling phenotypically normal urothelial cells to form epithelial structures in contrast to malignant urothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasén
- Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Ekstrand
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Levin
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D Giglio
- Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Pike R, Ortiz-Zapater E, Lumicisi B, Santis G, Parsons M. KIF22 coordinates CAR and EGFR dynamics to promote cancer cell proliferation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/515/eaaq1060. [PMID: 29382784 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane receptor that plays a key role in cell-cell adhesion. CAR is found in normal epithelial cells and is increased in abundance in various human tumors, including lung carcinomas. We investigated the potential mechanisms by which CAR contributes to cancer cell growth and found that depletion of CAR in human lung cancer cells reduced anchorage-independent growth, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. EGF induced the phosphorylation of CAR and its subsequent relocalization to cell junctions through the activation of the kinase PKCδ. EGF promoted the binding of CAR to the chromokinesin KIF22. KIF22-dependent regulation of microtubule dynamics led to delayed EGFR internalization, enhanced EGFR signaling, and coordination of CAR dynamics at cell-cell junctions. These data suggest a role for KIF22 in the coordination of membrane receptors and provide potential new therapeutic strategies to combat lung tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Pike
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brooke Lumicisi
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - George Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Kim E, Leung H, Akhtar N, Li J, Barta JR, Wang Y, Yang C, Kiarie E. Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diet without or with exogenous epidermal growth factor upon challenge with Eimeria. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3676-3686. [PMID: 28938785 PMCID: PMC5850350 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a protein known for its mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects was fed to broiler chickens to evaluate growth performance, gastrointestinal measurements, and apparent retention (AR) of components upon challenge with Eimeria. A total of 216, d old male broiler chicks (Ross 708) were placed in cages (6 birds/cage) and allocated to treatments. The treatments were: 1) control (Lactotobacilli lactis fermentation supernatant without EGF), 2) 80 μg of EGF/kg BW/d, and 3) 160 μg of EGF/kg BW/d. A basal antibiotic-free corn-soybean diet containing TiO2 was used. Birds were offered fresh feed with respective treatments on daily basis and had free access to drinking water for 14 d. On d 5, birds (6 replicates per treatment) were challenged with 1 mL of E. acervulina and E. maxima mixture via oral gavage and the other 6 replicates were given sham. Growth performance was measured in pre- (d 0 to 5) and post- (d 6 to 14) challenge periods. Two birds per cage were necropsied on d 10 for intestinal lesion scores and tissue samples for histomorphology and expression of select intestinal genes. Excreta samples for AR of components and oocyst shedding were taken d 10 to 13 and all birds were necropsied on d 14 for gastrointestinal weight. The EGF linearly (P < 0.05) increased BWG before challenge. There was no EGF and Eimeria interaction (P > 0.05) on growth performance, AR of GE, and intestinal histomorphology; the main effects were such that Eimeria depressed (P < 0.01) BWG, FCR, AR of DM, crude fat, and GE, and villi height to crypt depth ratio. An interaction between EGF and Eimeria (P < 0.05) on indices of gut function was such that EGF improved expression of genes for nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins in Eimeria challenged birds whilst no effect in non-challenged control. In conclusion, Eimeria challenge reduced growth performance and impaired gut function; EGF showed beneficial effects on growth pre-challenge and improved indices of gut function upon Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kim
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - H. Leung
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - N. Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - J. Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - J. R. Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - C. Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - E. Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
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Lahey KA, Ronaghan NJ, Shang J, Dion SP, Désilets A, Leduc R, MacNaughton WK. Signaling pathways induced by serine proteases to increase intestinal epithelial barrier function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180259. [PMID: 28671992 PMCID: PMC5495298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract are thought to contribute to the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Previous work in our lab demonstrated that apical exposure of intestinal epithelial cell lines to serine proteases results in an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). However, the underlying mechanisms governing this response are unclear. We aimed to determine the requirement for proteolytic activity, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and downstream intracellular signaling in initiating and maintaining enhanced barrier function following protease treatment using a canine intestinal epithelial cell line (SCBN). We also examined the role of phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain on the serine protease-induced increase in TER through. It was found that proteolytic activity of the serine proteases trypsin and matriptase is required to initiate and maintain the protease-mediated increase in TER. We also show that MMP-independent EGFR activation is essential to the sustained phase of the protease response, and that Src kinases may mediate EGFR transactivation. PI3-K and ERK1/2 signaling were important in reaching a maximal increase in TER following protease stimulation; however, their upstream activators are yet to be determined. CK2 inhibition prevented the increase in TER induced by serine proteases. The bradykinin B(2) receptor was not involved in the change in TER in response to serine proteases, and no change in phosphorylation of MLC was observed after trypsin or matriptase treatment. Taken together, our data show a requirement for ongoing proteolytic activity, EGFR transactivation, as well as downstream PI3-K, ERK1/2, and CK2 signaling in protease-mediated barrier enhancement of intestinal epithelial cells. The pathways mediating enhanced barrier function by proteases may be novel therapeutic targets for intestinal disorders characterized by disrupted epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelcie A. Lahey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalie J. Ronaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Judie Shang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sébastien P. Dion
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Désilets
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Wallace K. MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Nakahara T, Nishitani Y, Nishiumi S, Yoshida M, Azuma T. Astilbin from Engelhardtia chrysolepis enhances intestinal barrier functions in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 804:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Du Y, Jiang B, Song S, Pei G, Ni X, Wu J, Wang S, Wang Z, Yu J. Metadherin regulates actin cytoskeletal remodeling and enhances human gastric cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:63-74. [PMID: 28534938 PMCID: PMC5467779 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) can be recruited to mature tight junction complexes, and it regulates mesenchymal marker protein expression in many tumors and promote cancer metastasis. This study investigated the influence of MTDH expression on gastric cancer and to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which MTDH regulates actin cytoskeletal remodeling and enhances human gastric cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Relative MTDH mRNA expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), and MTDH protein expression levels and localization were evaluated via immunohistochemical (ICH) staining. We studied the role of MTDH in cancer cell migration and invasion by modulating MTDH expression in the gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and AGS. We also confirmed the functions of MTDH through in vivo experiments. We found that MTDH expression levels were correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stages and decreased OS (P=0.002, <0.001 and 0.010, respectively) in human gastric cancer and that MTDH upregulation promoted EMT in vitro. Consistent with this finding, MTDH downregulation inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, MTDH knockdown regulated actin cytoskeletal remodeling and inhibited EMT. Overall, our results provide a novel role for MTDH in regulating gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Bojian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Shuzheng Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Shoulian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Yangpu, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Baoshang, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Sun T, Sun H, Yang S, Li D, Zhou D. SCF/C-Kit/JNK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway Promotes Claudin-3 Expression in Colonic Epithelium and Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040765. [PMID: 28383479 PMCID: PMC5412349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-3 is a major protein of tight junctions (TJs) in the intestinal epithelium and is critical for maintaining cell-cell adhesion, barrier function, and epithelium polarity. Recent studies have shown high claudin-3 levels in several solid tumors, but the regulation mechanism of claudin-3 expression remains poorly understood. In the present study, colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, HT-29 and DLD-1 CRC cell lines, CRC murine model (C57BL/6 mice) and c-kit loss-of-function mutant mice were used. We demonstrated that elevated claudin-3 levels were positively correlated with highly expressed c-kit in CRC tissues based upon analysis of protein expression. In vitro, claudin-3 expression was clearly increased in CRC cells by overexpressed c-kit or stimulated by exogenous recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF), while significantly decreased by the treatment with c-kit or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay showed that SCF/c-kit signaling significantly promoted activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding with CLDN-3 promoter and enhanced its transcription activity. Furthermore, decreased expression of claudin-3 was obtained in the colonic epithelium from the c-Kit loss-of-function mutant mice. In conclusion, SCF/c-kit-JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway significantly promoted claudin-3 expression in colonic epithelium and CRC, which could contribute to epithelial barrier function maintenance and to CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Protein Array-Based Detection of Proteins in Kidney Tissues from Patients with Membranous Nephropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7843584. [PMID: 28337458 PMCID: PMC5350302 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7843584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease in which proteins related with plenty of biological processes play an important role. However, the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of MN is still unclear. This study aimed to screen differential proteins in kidney tissue samples from MN patients by using protein arrays and determine the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MN. This study first tested a quantitative protein array (QAH-INF-3) and two semiquantitative protein arrays (L-493 and L-507) with normal renal tissue and identified L-493 as the most appropriate assay to compare protein levels between MN tissues and normal control tissues. The L-493 array identified 66 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that may be associated with MN. The gene oncology (GO) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses revealed several processes potentially involved in MN, including extracellular matrix disassembly and organization, cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, cellular protein metabolic process, and immune response (P < 0.05). We suggest that these different pathways work together via protein signaling and result in the pathogenesis and progression of MN.
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Freese C, Hanada S, Fallier-Becker P, Kirkpatrick CJ, Unger RE. Identification of neuronal and angiogenic growth factors in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model system: Relevance in barrier integrity and tight junction formation and complexity. Microvasc Res 2016; 111:1-11. [PMID: 27988246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the co-cultivation of endothelial cells with neural cells resulted in an improved integrity of the in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB), and that this model could be useful to evaluate the transport properties of potential central nervous system disease drugs through the microvascular brain endothelial. In this study we have used real-time PCR, fluorescent microscopy, protein arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine which neural- and endothelial cell-derived factors are produced in the co-culture and improve the integrity of the BBB. In addition, a further improvement of the BBB integrity was achieved by adjusting serum concentrations and growth factors or by the addition of brain pericytes. Under specific conditions expression of angiogenic, angiostatic and neurotrophic factors such as endostatin, pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF/serpins-F1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) closely mimicked the in vivo situation. Freeze-fracture analysis of these cultures demonstrated the quality and organization of the endothelial tight junction structures and their association to the two different lipidic leaflets of the membrane. Finally, a multi-cell culture model of the BBB with a transendothelial electrical resistance up to 371 (±15) Ω×cm2 was developed, which may be useful for preliminary screening of drug transport across the BBB and to evaluate cellular crosstalk of cells involved in the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freese
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - C James Kirkpatrick
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ronald E Unger
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Bhat AA, Ahmad R, Uppada SB, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Claudin-1 promotes TNF-α-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:119-127. [PMID: 27742576 PMCID: PMC6166648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism in cancer progression and malignancy including colorectal cancer (CRC). Importantly, inflammatory mediators are critical constituents of the local tumor environment and an intimate link between CRC progression and inflammation is now validated. We and others have reported key role of the deregulated claudin-1 expression in colon carcinogenesis including colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). However, the causal association between claudin-1 expression and inflammation-induced colon cancer progression remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, regulates claudin-1 to modulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in colon adenocarcinoma cells. Importantly, colon cancer cells cultured in the presence of TNF-α (10ng/ml), demonstrated a sharp decrease in E-cadherin expression and an increase in vimentin expression (versus control cells). Interestingly, TNF-α treatment also upregulated (and delocalized) claudin-1 expression in a time-dependent manner accompanied by increase in proliferation and wound healing. Furthermore, similar to our previous observation that claudin-1 overexpression in CRC cells induces ERK1/2 and Src- activation, signaling associated with colon cancer cell survival and transformation, TNF-α-treatment induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 and -Src expression. The shRNA-mediated inhibition of claudin-1 expression largely abrogated the TNF-α-induced changes in EMT, proliferation, migration, p-Erk and p-Src expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate TNF-α mediated regulation of claudin-1 and tumorigenic abilities of colon cancer cells and highlights a key role of deregulated claudin-1 expression in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer growth and progression, through the regulation of the ERK and Src-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States
| | - SrijayaPrakash B Uppada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States
| | - Amar B Singh
- From the Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States
| | - Punita Dhawan
- From the Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68022, United States.
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Ronaghan NJ, Shang J, Iablokov V, Zaheer R, Colarusso P, Dion S, Désilets A, Leduc R, Turner JR, MacNaughton WK. The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G466-79. [PMID: 27492333 PMCID: PMC5076006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00441.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Barrier dysfunction is a characteristic of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding how the tight junction is modified to maintain barrier function may provide avenues for treatment of IBD. We have previously shown that the apical addition of serine proteases to intestinal epithelial cell lines causes a rapid and sustained increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that serine proteases increase barrier function through trafficking and insertion of tight junction proteins into the membrane, and this could enhance recovery of a disrupted monolayer after calcium switch or cytokine treatment. In the canine epithelial cell line, SCBN, we showed that matriptase, an endogenous serine protease, could potently increase TER. Using detergent solubility-based cell fractionation, we found that neither trypsin nor matriptase treatment changed levels of tight junction proteins at the membrane. In a fast calcium switch assay, serine proteases did not enhance the rate of recovery of the junction. In addition, serine proteases could not reverse barrier disruption induced by IFNγ and TNFα. We knocked down occludin in our cells using siRNA and found this prevented the serine protease-induced increase in TER. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we found serine proteases induce a greater mobile fraction of occludin in the membrane. These data suggest that a functional tight junction is needed for serine proteases to have an effect on TER, and that occludin is a crucial tight junction protein in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Ronaghan
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Judie Shang
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Vadim Iablokov
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Raza Zaheer
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Pina Colarusso
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Sébastien Dion
- 2Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Antoine Désilets
- 2Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Richard Leduc
- 2Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- 3Departments of Pathology and Medicine (GI), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wallace K. MacNaughton
- 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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Rachakonda G, Vu T, Jin L, Samanta D, Datta PK. Role of TGF-β-induced Claudin-4 expression through c-Jun signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1537-44. [PMID: 27424491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-4 has been identified as an integral member of tight junctions and has been found to be upregulated in various types of cancers especially in metastatic cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the upregulation of Claudin-4 and its role in lung tumorigenesis are unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of Claudin-4 on migration and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells and to examine the regulatory effects of TGF-β on Claudin-4 expression. We have observed that TGF-β induces the expression of Claudin-4 dramatically in lung cell lines in a time dependent manner. TGF-β-induced Smad signaling is important for enhancing Claudin-4 mRNA level through inducing its promoter activity. Treatment with curcumin, a c-Jun inhibitor, or stable knockdown of c-Jun abrogates TGF-β-induced Claudin-4 expression suggesting an involvement of the c-Jun pathway. Notably, TGF-β-induced Claudin-4 expression through c-Jun pathway plays a role in TGF-β-mediated motility and tumorigenicity of these cells. In support of these observations, we have uncovered that Claudin-4 is upregulated in 14 of 24 (58%) lung tumors when compared with normal lung tissue. This is the first study to show how TGF-β regulates the expression of Claudin-4 through c-Jun signaling and how this pathway contributes to the migratory and tumorigenic phenotype of lung tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Rachakonda
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Debangshu Samanta
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Pran K Datta
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Thakre-Nighot M, Blikslager AT. Indomethacin induces increase in gastric epithelial tight junction permeability via redistribution of occludin and activation of p38 MAPK in MKN-28 Cells. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1187325. [PMID: 27583191 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1187325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight Junctions (TJ) create a paracellular barrier that is compromised when nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) injure the gastric epithelium, leading to increased permeability. However, the mechanism of NSAID-induced gastric injury is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of indomethacin on barrier function and TJ in gastric MKN-28 cells. In concentration response studies, 500 µm indomethacin induced a significant decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER; 380 vs. 220 Ω·cm(2) for control and indomethacin-treated cells respectively, p < 0.05), and increased dextran permeability by 0.2 vs 1.2 g/l (p < 0.05). These changes in barrier function were completely ameliorated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB-203580) but not by JNK inhibitor (SP-600125) or MEK/ERK inhibitor (PD-98059). SiRNA knock down of p38 MAPK prevented the loss of barrier function caused by indomethacin in MKN-28 cells. Western analyses of TJ proteins revealed that expression of occludin was reduced by indomethacin, whereas there was no change in other TJ proteins. The loss of occludin expression induced by indomethacin was prevented by inhibition of p38 MAPK but not JNK or ERK and also by siRNA of p38 MAPK. Immunofluorescence revealed disruption of occludin localization at the site of the tight junction in indomethacin-treated cells, and this was attenuated by inhibition of p38 MAPK. NSAID injury to murine gastric mucosa on Ussing chambers revealed that indomethacin caused a significant drop in TER and increased paracellular permeability. Pretreatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly attenuated the disruption of barrier function, but JNK and MEK/ERK inhibition had no effect. Western blot analysis on gastric mucosa reveled loss of TJ protein occludin by indomethacin, which was prevented by inhibition of p38 MAPK. This data suggests that indomethacin compromises the gastric epithelial barrier via p38 MAPK inducing occludin alterations in the TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Thakre-Nighot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
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Ikari A, Fujii N, Hahakabe S, Hayashi H, Yamaguchi M, Yamazaki Y, Endo S, Matsunaga T, Sugatani J. Hyperosmolarity-Induced Down-Regulation of Claudin-2 Mediated by Decrease in PKCβ-Dependent GATA-2 in MDCK Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2776-87. [PMID: 25825272 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity decreases claudin-2 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells, but the molecular mechanism remains undefined. Here, we found that the hyperosmolarity-induced decrease in claudin-2 expression is inhibited by Go6983, a non-selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and PKCβ specific inhibitor in Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. Hyperosmolarity increased intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration and phosphorylated PKCβ level, which were inhibited by RN-1734, an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC activator, decreased claudin-2 expression. These results indicate hyperosmolarity decreases claudin-2 expression mediated by the activation of RN-1734-sensitive channel and PKCβ. Hyperosmolarity decreased promoter activity of claudin-2, which was inhibited by Go6983 and PKCβ inhibitor similar to those in real-time PCR and Western blotting. The effect of hyperosmolarity on promoter activity was not observed in the construct of -469/-6, a deletion mutant. Claudin-2 has hyperosmolarity-sensitive region in its promoter, which includes GATA binding site. Hyperosmolarity decreased the nuclear level of GATA-2, which was inhibited by Go6983 and PKCβ inhibitor. Mutation of GATA binding site decreased the basal promoter activity and inhibited the effect of hyperosmolarity. In contrast, the hyperosmolarity-induced decrease in reporter activity and claudin-2 expression were rescued by over-expression of wild type GATA-2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that GATA-2 bound to promoter region of claudin-2. These results suggest that hyperosmolarity decreases the expression level of claudin-2 via a decrease in PKCβ-dependent GATA-2 transcriptional activity in renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Hahakabe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Hayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Sugatani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Berzal S, González-Guerrero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Ucero Á, Ocaña-Salceda C, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ramos AM. TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) regulates junctional proteins in tubular epithelial cells via canonical NF-κB pathway and ERK activation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1580-93. [PMID: 25536182 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tubular epithelium may be intrinsically involved in promoting kidney injury by junctional instability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix remodelling. In this work, we investigated whether the pleiotropic and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), could be able to disturb junctional protein expression and to induce EMT of tubular cells. In cultured murine proximal tubular cells TWEAK induced phenotypic changes that were accompanied by F-actin redistribution, loss of epithelial adherent (E-cadherin, Cadherin-16, β-catenin) and tight junction (ZO-1) proteins, and re-expression of the mesenchymal protein Vimentin. The transcriptional repressors Snail and HNF1β were also modulated by TWEAK. In a murine model of obstructive renal pathology, TWEAK expression correlated with the appearance of the mesenchymal marker αSMA in kidney tubular cells. Mechanistically, the epithelial changes induced by TWEAK, including loss of epithelial integrity and EMT, via Fn14 were TGF-β1 independent, but mediated by several intracellular signaling systems, including the canonical NF-κB, ERK activation and the vitamin D receptor modulation. These results highlight potential contributions of TWEAK-induced inflammatory mechanisms that could unveil new pathogenic effects of TWEAK starting tubulointerstitial damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Berzal
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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Claudins and cancer: Fall of the soldiers entrusted to protect the gate and keep the barrier intact. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:58-65. [PMID: 26025580 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tight junctions (TJ) in controlling paracellular traffic of ions and molecules, through the regulation of claudin proteins, is now established. However, it has also become increasingly evident that claudin proteins, as integral components of the TJs, play crucial role in maintaining the cell-cell integrity. In conformity, deregulation of claudin expression and cellular distribution in cancer tissues has been widely documented and correlated with cancer progression and metastasis. However, this correlation is not unidirectional and rather suggests tissue specific regulations. Irrespective, if the widely described correlations between altered claudin expression and cancer initiation/progression could be established, they may serve as important markers for prognostic purposes and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize data from screening of the cancer tissues, manipulation of claudin expression in cells and animals subjected to cancer models, and how claudins are regulated in cancer. The focus of this article remains analysis of the association between cancer and the claudins and to decipher clinical relevance.
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42
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Amoozadeh Y, Dan Q, Xiao J, Waheed F, Szászi K. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces a biphasic change in claudin-2 expression in tubular epithelial cells: role in barrier functions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C38-50. [PMID: 25948735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00388.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pathogenic factor in acute and chronic kidney disease. TNF-α is known to alter expression of epithelial tight junction (TJ) proteins; however, the underlying mechanisms and the impact of this effect on epithelial functions remain poorly defined. Here we describe a novel biphasic effect of TNF-α on TJ protein expression. In LLC-PK1 tubular cells, short-term (1-6 h) TNF-α treatment selectively elevated the expression of the channel-forming TJ protein claudin-2. In contrast, prolonged (>8 h) TNF-α treatment caused a marked downregulation in claudin-2 and an increase in claudin-1, -4, and -7. The early increase and the late decrease in claudin-2 expression involved distinct mechanisms. TNF-α slowed claudin-2 degradation through ERK, causing the early increase. This increase was also mediated by the EGF receptor and RhoA and Rho kinase. In contrast, prolonged TNF-α treatment reduced claudin-2 mRNA levels and promoter activity independent from these signaling pathways. Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing measurements revealed that TNF-α also exerted a biphasic effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) with an initial decrease and a late increase. Thus there was a good temporal correlation between TNF-α-induced claudin-2 protein and TER changes. Indeed, silencing experiments showed that the late TER increase was at least in part caused by reduced claudin-2 expression. Surprisingly, however, claudin-2 silencing did not prevent the early TER drop. Taken together, the TNF-α-induced changes in claudin-2 levels might contribute to TER changes and could also play a role in newly described functions of claudin-2 such as proliferation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Amoozadeh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Xiao
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faiza Waheed
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Erasmus JC, Welsh NJ, Braga VMM. Cooperation of distinct Rac-dependent pathways to stabilise E-cadherin adhesion. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1905-13. [PMID: 25957131 PMCID: PMC4508347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms via which Rac1 is activated by cadherin junctions are not fully known. In keratinocytes Rac1 activation by cadherin junctions requires EGFR signalling, but how EGFR does so is unclear. To address which activator could mediate E-cadherin signalling to Rac1, we investigated EGFR and two Rac1 GEFs, SOS1 and DOCK180. EGFR RNAi prevented junction-induced Rac1 activation and led to fragmented localization of E-cadherin at cadherin contacts. In contrast, depletion of another EGFR family member, ErbB3, did not interfere with either process. DOCK180 RNAi, but not SOS1, prevented E-cadherin-induced Rac1 activation. However, in a strong divergence from EGFR RNAi phenotype, DOCK180 depletion did not perturb actin recruitment or cadherin localisation at junctions. Rather, reduced DOCK180 levels impaired the resistance to mechanical stress of pre-formed cell aggregates. Thus, within the same cell type, EGFR and DOCK180 regulate Rac1 activation by newly-formed contacts, but control separate cellular events that cooperate to stabilise junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Erasmus
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Natalie J Welsh
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Vania M M Braga
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
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Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S244-S275. [PMID: 25865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks.
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45
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Leydon C, Imaizumi M, Bartlett RS, Wang SF, Thibeault SL. Epithelial cells are active participants in vocal fold wound healing: an in vivo animal model of injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115389. [PMID: 25514022 PMCID: PMC4267843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold epithelial cells likely play an important, yet currently poorly defined, role in healing following injury, irritation and inflammation. In the present study, we sought to identify a possible role for growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), in epithelial regeneration during wound healing as a necessary first step for uncovering potential signaling mechanisms of vocal fold wound repair and remodeling. Using a rat model, we created unilateral vocal fold injuries and examined the timeline for epithelial healing and regeneration during early and late stages of wound healing using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We observed time-dependent secretion of the proliferation marker, ki67, growth factors EGF and TGFβ1, as well as activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR), in regenerating epithelium during the acute phase of injury. Ki67, growth factor, and EGFR expression peaked at day 3 post-injury. Presence of cytoplasmic and intercellular EGF and TGFβ1 staining occurred up to 5 days post-injury, consistent with a role for epithelial cells in synthesizing and secreting these growth factors. To confirm that epithelial cells contributed to the cytokine secretion, we examined epithelial cell growth factor secretion in vitro using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cultured pig vocal fold epithelial cells expressed both EGF and TGFβ1. Our in vivo and in vitro findings indicate that epithelial cells are active participants in the wound healing process. The exact mechanisms underlying their roles in autocrine and paracrine signaling guiding wound healing await study in a controlled, in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Leydon
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mitsuyoshi Imaizumi
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Bartlett
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Wang
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Structural Damage on Endothelial Cells via ILK-Related MMP-9 Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:408-422. [PMID: 25465237 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant highly used worldwide. Recent studies evidenced the involvement of METH in the breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity leading to compromised function. The involvement of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the degradation of the neurovascular matrix components and tight junctions (TJs) is one of the most recent findings in METH-induced toxicity. As BBB dysfunction is a pathological feature of many neurological conditions, unveiling new protective agents in this field is of major relevance. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) has been described to protect the BBB function in different paradigms, but the mechanisms underling its action remain mostly unknown. Here, the immortalized bEnd.3 cell line was used to evaluate the neuroprotective features of ALC in METH-induced damage. Cells were exposed to ranging concentrations of METH, and the protective effect of ALC 1 mM was assessed 24 h after treatment. F-actin rearrangement, TJ expression and distribution, and MMPs activity were evaluated. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) knockdown cells were used to assess role of ALC in ILK mediated METH-triggered MMPs' activity. Our results show that METH led to disruption of the actin filaments concomitant with claudin-5 translocation to the cytoplasm. These events were mediated by MMP-9 activation in association with ILK overexpression. Pretreatment with ALC prevented METH-induced activation of MMP-9, preserving claudin-5 location and the structural arrangement of the actin filaments. The present results support the potential of ALC in preserving BBB integrity, highlighting ILK as a new target for the ALC therapeutic use.
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García-Hernández V, Flores-Maldonado C, Rincon-Heredia R, Verdejo-Torres O, Bonilla-Delgado J, Meneses-Morales I, Gariglio P, Contreras RG. EGF Regulates Claudin-2 and -4 Expression Through Src and STAT3 in MDCK Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:105-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky García-Hernández
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Catalina Flores-Maldonado
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Ruth Rincon-Heredia
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
- Department of Pharmacology; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Odette Verdejo-Torres
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnosis; Research Unit; Hospital Juárez de México; México City México
| | - Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Breast Cancer investigation program; National Autonomous University of México (UNAM); México
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Biomedical Research Institute; National Autonomous University of México (UNAM); México
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
| | - Rubén G. Contreras
- Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav); México City México
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Elias BC, Mathew S, Srichai MB, Palamuttam R, Bulus N, Mernaugh G, Singh AB, Sanders CR, Harris RC, Pozzi A, Zent R. The integrin β1 subunit regulates paracellular permeability of kidney proximal tubule cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8532-44. [PMID: 24509849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and kidney have different abilities to facilitate paracellular and transcellular transport of water and solutes. In the kidney, the proximal tubule allows both transcellular and paracellular transport, while the collecting duct primarily facilitates transcellular transport. The claudins and E-cadherin are major structural and functional components regulating paracellular transport. In this study we present the novel finding that the transmembrane matrix receptors, integrins, play a role in regulating paracellular transport of renal proximal tubule cells. Deleting the integrin β1 subunit in these cells converts them from a "loose" epithelium, characterized by low expression of E-cadherin and claudin-7 and high expression of claudin-2, to a "tight" epithelium with increased E-cadherin and claudin-7 expression and decreased claudin-2 expression. This effect is mediated by the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail and does not entail β1 heterodimerization with an α-subunit or its localization to the cell surface. In addition, we demonstrate that deleting the β1 subunit in the proximal tubule of the kidney results in a major urine-concentrating defect. Thus, the integrin β1 tail plays a key role in regulating the composition and function of tight and adherens junctions that define paracellular transport properties of terminally differentiated renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha C Elias
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
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Szaszi K, Amoozadeh Y. New Insights into Functions, Regulation, and Pathological Roles of Tight Junctions in Kidney Tubular Epithelium. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 308:205-71. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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de Souza WF, Barbosa LA, Liu L, de Araujo WM, de-Freitas-Junior JCM, Fortunato-Miranda N, Fontes CFL, Morgado-Díaz JA. Ouabain-induced alterations of the apical junctional complex involve α1 and β1 Na,K-ATPase downregulation and ERK1/2 activation independent of caveolae in colorectal cancer cells. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:23-33. [PMID: 24186357 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that Na,K-ATPase interacts with E-cadherin to stabilize (AJs) and regulate the expression of claudins, the main proteins present in the tight junction (TJ) in epithelial cells containing caveolae. However, the role of this ATPase in the regulation of the AJ and TJ proteins in colorectal cancer cells as well as the molecular events underlying this event in a caveolae-independent system remain undefined. In the present study, we used ouabain, a classic drug known to inhibit Na,K-ATPase, and Caco-2 cells, which are a well-established human colorectal cancer model that does not exhibit caveolae. We demonstrated that ouabain treatment resulted in a reduction of the β1 Na,K-ATPase protein and cell redistribution of the AJ proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin, as well as the α1 Na,K-ATPase subunit. Furthermore, ouabain increased claudin-3 protein levels, impaired the TJ barrier function and increased cell viability and proliferation during the early stages of treatment. Additionally, the observed ouabain-induced events were dependent on the activation of ERK1/2 signaling; but in contrast to previous studies, this signaling cascade was caveolae-independent. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that α1 and β1 Na,K-ATPase downregulation and ERK1/2 activation induced by ouabain are interlinked events that play an important role during cell-cell adhesion loss, which is an important step during the tumor progression of colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemir Fernandes de Souza
- Programa de Biologia Celular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
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