1
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Stress-Induced Premature Senescence Related to Oxidative Stress in the Developmental Programming of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091695. [PMID: 36139771 PMCID: PMC9495674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to cardiometabolic risk factors, such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are particularly at risk of developing metabolic/hepatic disorders later in life. Oxidative stress and cellular senescence have been associated with MetS and are observed in infants born following IUGR. However, whether these mechanisms could be particularly associated with the development of NAFLD in these individuals is still unknown. IUGR was induced in rats by a maternal low-protein diet during gestation versus. a control (CTRL) diet. In six-month-old offspring, we observed an increased visceral fat mass, glucose intolerance, and hepatic alterations (increased transaminase levels, triglyceride and neutral lipid deposit) in male rats with induced IUGR compared with the CTRL males; no differences were found in females. In IUGR male livers, we identified some markers of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) (lipofuscin deposit, increased protein expression of p21WAF, p16INK4a and Acp53, but decreased pRb/Rb ratio, foxo-1 and sirtuin-1 protein and mRNA expression) associated with oxidative stress (higher superoxide anion levels, DNA damages, decreased Cu/Zn SOD, increased catalase protein expression, increased nfe2 and decreased keap1 mRNA expression). Impaired lipogenesis pathways (decreased pAMPK/AMPK ratio, increased pAKT/AKT ratio, SREBP1 and PPARγ protein expression) were also observed in IUGR male livers. At birth, no differences were observed in liver histology, markers of SIPS and oxidative stress between CTRL and IUGR males. These data demonstrate that the livers of IUGR males at adulthood display SIPS and impaired liver structure and function related to oxidative stress and allow the identification of specific therapeutic strategies to limit or prevent adverse consequences of IUGR, particularly metabolic and hepatic disorders.
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2
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Fujita Y, Iketani M, Ito M, Ohsawa I. Temporal changes in mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species generation during the development of replicative senescence in human fibroblasts. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Fernandez RJ, Gardner ZJG, Slovik KJ, Liberti DC, Estep KN, Yang W, Chen Q, Santini GT, Perez JV, Root S, Bhatia R, Tobias JW, Babu A, Morley MP, Frank DB, Morrisey EE, Lengner CJ, Johnson FB. GSK3 inhibition rescues growth and telomere dysfunction in dyskeratosis congenita iPSC-derived type II alveolar epithelial cells. eLife 2022; 11:64430. [PMID: 35559731 PMCID: PMC9200405 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by deficiencies in telomere maintenance leading to very short telomeres and the premature onset of certain age-related diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PF is thought to derive from epithelial failure, particularly that of type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells, which are highly dependent on Wnt signaling during development and adult regeneration. We use human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2 (iAT2) cells to model how short telomeres affect AT2 cells. Cultured DC mutant iAT2 cells accumulate shortened, uncapped telomeres and manifest defects in the growth of alveolospheres, hallmarks of senescence, and apparent defects in Wnt signaling. The GSK3 inhibitor, CHIR99021, which mimics the output of canonical Wnt signaling, enhances telomerase activity and rescues the defects. These findings support further investigation of Wnt agonists as potential therapies for DC-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jesus Fernandez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Zachary J G Gardner
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Katherine J Slovik
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Garrett T Santini
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Javier V Perez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Sarah Root
- College of Arts and Sciences and Vagelos Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ranvir Bhatia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David B Frank
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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4
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells Dysfunctions and Cardiometabolic Disorders: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136667. [PMID: 34206404 PMCID: PMC8267891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of several disorders, such as hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite health policies based on the promotion of physical exercise, the reduction of calorie intake and the consumption of healthy food, there is still a global rise in the incidence and prevalence of MetS in the world. This phenomenon can partly be explained by the fact that adverse events in the perinatal period can increase the susceptibility to develop cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are particularly at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders later in life. It has been shown that alterations in the structural and functional integrity of the endothelium can lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are circulating components of the endothelium playing a major role in vascular homeostasis. An association has been found between the maintenance of endothelial structure and function by EPCs and their ability to differentiate and repair damaged endothelial tissue. In this narrative review, we explore the alterations of EPCs observed in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders, describe some mechanisms related to such dysfunction and propose some therapeutical approaches to reverse the EPCs dysfunction.
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5
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Tsao WC, Buj R, Aird KM, Sidorova JM, Eckert KA. Overexpression of oncogenic H-Ras in hTERT-immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells targets replicative and specialized DNA polymerases for depletion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251188. [PMID: 33961649 PMCID: PMC8104423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases play essential functions in replication fork progression and genome maintenance. DNA lesions and drug-induced replication stress result in up-regulation and re-localization of specialized DNA polymerases η and κ. Although oncogene activation significantly alters DNA replication dynamics, causing replication stress and genome instability, little is known about DNA polymerase expression and regulation in response to oncogene activation. Here, we investigated the consequences of mutant H-RASG12V overexpression on the regulation of DNA polymerases in h-TERT immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells. Focusing on DNA polymerases associated with the replication fork, we demonstrate that DNA polymerases are depleted in a temporal manner in response to H-RASG12V overexpression. The polymerases targeted for depletion, as cells display markers of senescence, include the Pol α catalytic subunit (POLA1), Pol δ catalytic and p68 subunits (POLD1 and POLD3), Pol η, and Pol κ. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms mediate this response. Pol η (POLH) depletion is sufficient to induce a senescence-like growth arrest in human foreskin fibroblast BJ5a cells, and is associated with decreased Pol α expression. Using an SV-40 transformed cell model, we observed cell cycle checkpoint signaling differences in cells with H-RasG12V-induced polymerase depletion, as compared to Pol η-deficient cells. Our findings contribute to our understanding of cellular events following oncogene activation and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chung Tsao
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Eckert
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Salunkhe S, Mishra SV, Nair J, Shah S, Gardi N, Thorat R, Sarkar D, Rajendra J, Kaur E, Dutt S. Nuclear localization of p65 reverses therapy-induced senescence. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253203. [PMID: 33526713 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the arrest of cell proliferation and is a tumor suppressor phenomenon. In a previous study, we have shown that therapy-induced senescence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells can prevent relapse of GBM tumors. Here, we demonstrate that ciprofloxacin-induced senescence in glioma-derived cell lines and primary glioma cultures is defined by SA-β-gal positivity, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a giant cell (GC) phenotype, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), γ-H2AX and a senescence-associated gene expression signature, and has three stages of senescence -initiation, pseudo-senescence and permanent senescence. Ciprofloxacin withdrawal during initiation and pseudo-senescence reinitiated proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo Importantly, prolonged treatment with ciprofloxacin induced permanent senescence that failed to reverse following ciprofloxacin withdrawal. RNA-seq revealed downregulation of the p65 (RELA) transcription network, as well as incremental expression of SMAD pathway genes from initiation to permanent senescence. Ciprofloxacin withdrawal during initiation and pseudo-senescence, but not permanent senescence, increased the nuclear localization of p65 and escape from ciprofloxacin-induced senescence. By contrast, permanently senescent cells showed loss of nuclear p65 and increased apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of p65 upheld senescence in vitro and inhibited tumor formation in vivo Our study demonstrates that levels of nuclear p65 define the window of reversibility of therapy-induced senescence and that permanent senescence can be induced in GBM cells when the use of senotherapeutics is coupled with p65 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Salunkhe
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Saket V Mishra
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jyothi Nair
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Debashmita Sarkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jacinth Rajendra
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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7
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Abstract
Significance: Cell senescence was originally defined by an acute loss of replicative capacity and thus believed to be restricted to proliferation-competent cells. More recently, senescence has been recognized as a cellular stress and damage response encompassing multiple pathways or senescence domains, namely DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy/mitophagy dysfunction, nutrient and stress signaling, and epigenetic reprogramming. Each of these domains is activated during senescence, and all appear to interact with each other. Cell senescence has been identified as an important driver of mammalian aging. Recent Advances: Activation of all these senescence domains has now also been observed in a wide range of post-mitotic cells, suggesting that senescence as a stress response can occur in nondividing cells temporally uncoupled from cell cycle arrest. Here, we review recent evidence for post-mitotic cell senescence and speculate about its possible relevance for mammalian aging. Critical Issues: Although a majority of senescence domains has been found to be activated in a range of post-mitotic cells during aging, independent confirmation of these results is still lacking for most of them. Future Directions: To define whether post-mitotic senescence plays a significant role as a driver of aging phenotypes in tissues such as brain, muscle, heart, and others. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 308-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas von Zglinicki
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Molecular Biology and Genetics, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Tengfei Wan
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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Lindrose AR, McLester-Davis LWY, Tristano RI, Kataria L, Gadalla SM, Eisenberg DTA, Verhulst S, Drury S. Method comparison studies of telomere length measurement using qPCR approaches: A critical appraisal of the literature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245582. [PMID: 33471860 PMCID: PMC7817045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of telomere length (TL) as a biomarker for various environmental exposures and diseases has increased in recent years. Various methods have been developed to measure telomere length. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods remain wide-spread for population-based studies due to the high-throughput capability. While several studies have evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of different TL measurement methods, the results have been variable. We conducted a literature review of TL measurement cross-method comparison studies that included a PCR-based method published between January 1, 2002 and May 25, 2020. A total of 25 articles were found that matched the inclusion criteria. Papers were reviewed for quality of methodologic reporting of sample and DNA quality, PCR assay characteristics, sample blinding, and analytic approaches to determine final TL. Overall, methodologic reporting was low as assessed by two different reporting guidelines for qPCR-based TL measurement. There was a wide range in the reported correlation between methods (as assessed by Pearson’s r) and few studies utilized the recommended intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for assessment of assay repeatability and methodologic comparisons. The sample size for nearly all studies was less than 100, raising concerns about statistical power. Overall, this review found that the current literature on the relation between TL measurement methods is lacking in validity and scientific rigor. In light of these findings, we present reporting guidelines for PCR-based TL measurement methods and results of analyses of the effect of assay repeatability (ICC) on statistical power of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Additional cross-laboratory studies with rigorous methodologic and statistical reporting, adequate sample size, and blinding are essential to accurately determine assay repeatability and replicability as well as the relation between TL measurement methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Lindrose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ARL); (SD)
| | | | - Renee I. Tristano
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leila Kataria
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan T. A. Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Biology, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stacy Drury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ARL); (SD)
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9
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Oskouei Z, Mehri S, Kalalinia F, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of the effect of thymoquinone in d-galactose-induced memory impairments in rats: Role of MAPK, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation pathways and telomere length. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2252-2266. [PMID: 33325602 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose (d-gal) induces aging and memory impairment via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways. This study evaluated the neuroprotective activity of thymoquinone (TQ) against d-gal. d-gal (400 mg/kg, SC), d-gal plus TQ (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and TQ alone (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks were administered to rats. The effect of TQ on learning and memory were studied using the Morris water maze test. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the hippocampus. The levels of MAPKs (p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38), cAMP response elements binding (p-CREB/CREB), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed by western blotting. Telomere length was evaluated using real-time PCR. Memory and learning impairment, MDA enhancement, GSH reduction, and neuroinflammation via increasing the TNFα, IL-1β, and GFAP contents were observed in d-gal group. TQ with d-gal, improved memory impairment, reduced oxidative stress, and alleviated neuroinflammation. The elevated level of AGEs decreased by TQ compared to d-gal. No changes were observed in the levels of p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB, p-P38/P38, BDNF, and telomere length following administration of d-gal or TQ plus d-gal. TQ improved memory deficits of d-gal through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Oskouei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Taylor AM, Ritchie SJ, Madden C, Deary IJ. Associations between Brief Resilience Scale scores and ageing-related domains in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:329-344. [PMID: 31682139 PMCID: PMC7161361 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychology and Aging on Mar 5 2020 (see record 2020-16850-001). This article should have been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0). Therefore, the article was amended to list the authors as copyright holders, and information about the terms of the CC BY 3.0 was added to the author note. In addition, the article is now open access. All versions of this article have been corrected.] It is unclear how scores on self-report resilience scales relate to key ageing-related domains in older age and if they truly measure resilience. We examined antecedents and outcomes of age-76 Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) scores in participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 655). We found bivariate associations between age-76 BRS scores and ageing-relevant antecedent variables measured at least 3 years earlier, from domains of cognitive ability, physical fitness, and wellbeing and, additionally, sociodemographics and personality (absolute r's from .082 to .49). Biological health variables were not associated with BRS scores. Age-73 cognitive ability (largest β = 0.14), physical fitness (largest β = 0.084), and wellbeing variables (largest β = 0.26) made positive independent contributions to age-76 BRS scores in multivariate models. In a conservative model including all variables as covariates, corrected for multiple comparisons, only emotional stability (neuroticism) significantly independently contributed to BRS score (β = 0.33). An exploratory backward elimination model indicated more wellbeing and personality associates of BRS scores (βs from .087 to .32). We used latent difference score modeling to assess outcomes of BRS scores; we examined associations between age-76 BRS and change in latent factors of age-related domains between age 76 and 79. Whereas BRS scores were related cross-sectionally to levels of latent cognitive ability (r = .19), physical fitness (r = .20), and wellbeing (r = .60) factors, they were not related to declines in these domains. The independence of the BRS construct from established wellbeing and personality factors is unclear. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
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11
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Kızılet H, Yilmaz B, Uysal H. Herbal medicine against genotoxicity of dimethoate, an insecticide, in mammalian somatic cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01337. [PMID: 30923767 PMCID: PMC6423489 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the genotoxic effects of dimethoate (DIM) were investigated with the in vitro micronucleus test in human peripheral lymphocytes. The ethanol extracts of Rosa canina and Salvia lavandulifolia were used to remove possible genotoxic effects of these substances. For this purpose, different concentrations (0.5-1-2 μg/mL) of dimethoate, DIM + RCeta and DIM + SLeta (1:1 v/v) application groups were prepared and applied to the blood culture. The obtained data were compared with the negative control group that was prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and a well-known genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as positive control group. It was observed in lymphocyte cells that the frequency of MN considerably increased depending on the increasing dose of DIM whereas the nuclear division index (NBI)decreased according to the control group, especially in the last concentration (2 μg/mL). But, as the MN frequency decreased, NBI values approached to control group with 2μg/mL DIM + RCeta and 2μg/mL DIM + SLeta according to DIM application group (P < 0.05). Additionally, RCeta and SLeta were analyzed by gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Halit Kızılet
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bilal Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uysal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of transcription. Genetic control of DNA methylation is a potential candidate for explaining the many identified SNP associations with disease that are not found in coding regions. We replicated 52,916 cis and 2,025 trans DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) using methylation from whole blood measured on Illumina HumanMethylation450 arrays in the Brisbane Systems Genetics Study (n = 614 from 177 families) and the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936 (combined n = 1366). The trans mQTL SNPs were found to be over-represented in 1 Mbp subtelomeric regions, and on chromosomes 16 and 19. There was a significant increase in trans mQTL DNA methylation sites in upstream and 5′ UTR regions. The genetic heritability of a number of complex traits and diseases was partitioned into components due to mQTL and the remainder of the genome. Significant enrichment was observed for height (p = 2.1 × 10−10), ulcerative colitis (p = 2 × 10−5), Crohn’s disease (p = 6 × 10−8) and coronary artery disease (p = 5.5 × 10−6) when compared to a random sample of SNPs with matched minor allele frequency, although this enrichment is explained by the genomic location of the mQTL SNPs.
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13
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Marioni RE, Harris SE, Shah S, McRae AF, von Zglinicki T, Martin-Ruiz C, Wray NR, Visscher PM, Deary IJ. The epigenetic clock and telomere length are independently associated with chronological age and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 45:424-432. [PMID: 27075770 PMCID: PMC4864882 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length and DNA methylation have been proposed as biological clock measures that track chronological age. Whether they change in tandem, or contribute independently to the prediction of chronological age, is not known. METHODS We address these points using data from two Scottish cohorts: the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921) and 1936 (LBC1936). Telomere length and epigenetic clock estimates from DNA methylation were measured in 920 LBC1936 participants (ages 70, 73 and 76 years) and in 414 LBC1921 participants (ages 79, 87 and 90 years). RESULTS The epigenetic clock changed over time at roughly the same rate as chronological age in both cohorts. Telomere length decreased at 48-67 base pairs per year on average. Weak, non-significant correlations were found between epigenetic clock estimates and telomere length. Telomere length explained 6.6% of the variance in age in LBC1921, the epigenetic clock explained 10.0%, and combined they explained 17.3% (allP< 1 × 10-7). Corresponding figures for the LBC1936 cohort were 14.3%, 11.7% and 19.5% (allP< 1 × 10-12). In a combined cohorts analysis, the respective estimates were 2.8%, 28.5% and 29.5%. Also in a combined cohorts analysis, a one standard deviation increase in baseline epigenetic age was linked to a 22% increased mortality risk (P= 2.6 × 10-4) whereas, in the same model, a one standard deviation increase in baseline telomere length was independently linked to an 11% decreased mortality risk (P= 0.06). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that telomere length and epigenetic clock estimates are independent predictors of chronological age and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo E Marioni
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonia Shah
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute of Neurosciences, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre & Unit, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Harris SE, Riggio V, Evenden L, Gilchrist T, McCafferty S, Murphy L, Wrobel N, Taylor AM, Corley J, Pattie A, Cox SR, Martin-Ruiz C, Prendergast J, Starr JM, Marioni RE, Deary IJ. Age-related gene expression changes, and transcriptome wide association study of physical and cognitive aging traits, in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2489-2503. [PMID: 29207374 PMCID: PMC5764388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is influenced by both genetic variants and the environment. As individuals age, changes in gene expression may be associated with decline in physical and cognitive abilities. We measured transcriptome-wide expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 at mean ages 70 and 76 years. Changes in gene expression levels were identified for 1,741 transcripts in 434 individuals. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated an enrichment of biological processes involved in the immune system. Transcriptome-wide association analysis was performed for eleven cognitive, fitness, and biomedical aging-related traits at age 70 years (N=665 to 781) and with mortality. Transcripts for genes (F2RL3, EMILIN1 and CDC42BPA) previously identified as being differentially methylated or expressed in smoking or smoking-related cancers were overexpressed in smokers compared to non-smokers and the expression of transcripts for genes (HERPUD1, GAB2, FAM167A and GLS) previously associated with stress response, autoimmune disease and cancer were associated with telomere length. No associations between expression levels and other traits, or mortality were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valentina Riggio
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Louise Evenden
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tamara Gilchrist
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah McCafferty
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lee Murphy
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicola Wrobel
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adele M. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - James Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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15
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Deschênes M, Chabot B. The emerging role of alternative splicing in senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:918-933. [PMID: 28703423 PMCID: PMC5595669 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of precursor mRNA splicing is associated with many illnesses and has been linked to age-related chronic diseases. Here we review recent progress documenting how defects in the machinery that performs intron removal and controls splice site selection contribute to cellular senescence and organismal aging. We discuss the functional association linking p53, IGF-1, SIRT1, and ING-1 splice variants with senescence and aging, and review a selection of splicing defects occurring in accelerated aging (progeria), vascular aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in the activity of splicing factors and in the production of key splice variants can impact cellular senescence and the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deschênes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
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16
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Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological Aging: Links Among Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Diabetes, and Frailty. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:9-19. [PMID: 27927801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with progressive declines in physiological function that lead to overt chronic disease, frailty, and eventual mortality. Importantly, age-related physiological changes occur in cellularity, insulin-responsiveness, secretory profiles, and inflammatory status of adipose tissue, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Although the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction are multifactorial, the consequences result in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immune cell infiltration, an accumulation of senescent cells, and an increase in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These processes synergistically promote chronic sterile inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid redistribution away from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Without intervention, these effects contribute to age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction, physical limitations, and frailty. Thus adipose tissue dysfunction may be a fundamental contributor to the elevated risk of chronic disease, disability, and adverse health outcomes with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Triana-Martínez F, Pedraza-Vázquez G, Maciel-Barón LA, Königsberg M. Reflections on the role of senescence during development and aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 598:40-9. [PMID: 27059850 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New and stimulating results have challenged the concept that cellular senescence might not be synonymous with aging. It is indisputable that during aging, senescent cell accumulation has an impact on organismal health. Nevertheless, senescent cells are now known to display physiological roles during embryonic development, during wound healing repair and as a cellular response to stress. The fact that senescence has been found in cells that did not attain their maximal round of replications, nor have metabolic alterations or DNA damage, also challenges the paradigm that senescence is cellular aging, and it is in favor of the idea that cellular senescence is a phenomenon that has a function by itself. Therefore, in order to understand this phenomenon it is important to analyze the relationship between senescence and other cellular responses that have many features in common, such as apoptosis, cancer and autophagy, particularly highlighting their role during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Triana-Martínez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - G Pedraza-Vázquez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - L A Maciel-Barón
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico.
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18
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Spivak IM, Mikhelson VM, Spivak DL. Telomere length, telomerase activity, stress, and aging. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057016010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Harris SE, Marioni RE, Martin-Ruiz C, Pattie A, Gow AJ, Cox SR, Corley J, von Zglinicki T, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Longitudinal telomere length shortening and cognitive and physical decline in later life: The Lothian Birth Cohorts 1936 and 1921. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 154:43-8. [PMID: 26876762 PMCID: PMC4798845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is hypothesised to be a biological marker of both cognitive and physical ageing. Here we measure telomere length, and cognitive and physical abilities at mean ages 70, 73 and 76 years in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936), and at mean ages 79, 87, 90 and 92 years in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921). We investigate whether telomere length change predicts change in cognitive and physical abilities. In LBC1936 telomere length decreased by an average of 65 base pairs per year and in LBC1921 by 69 base pairs per year. However, change in telomere length did not predict change in cognitive or physical abilities. This study shows that, although cognitive ability, walking speed, lung function and grip strength all decline with age, they do so independently of telomere length shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alan J Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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20
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Birch J, Anderson RK, Correia-Melo C, Jurk D, Hewitt G, Marques FM, Green NJ, Moisey E, Birrell MA, Belvisi MG, Black F, Taylor JJ, Fisher AJ, De Soyza A, Passos JF. DNA damage response at telomeres contributes to lung aging and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1124-37. [PMID: 26386121 PMCID: PMC4652155 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00293.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has been associated with the structural and functional decline observed during physiological lung aging and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense in the lungs and are important to COPD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying airway epithelial cell senescence, and particularly the role of telomere dysfunction in this process, are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate telomere dysfunction in airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, in the aging murine lung and following cigarette smoke exposure. We evaluated colocalization of γ-histone protein 2A.X and telomeres and telomere length in small airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, during murine lung aging, and following cigarette smoke exposure in vivo and in vitro. We found that telomere-associated DNA damage foci increase in small airway epithelial cells from patients with COPD, without significant telomere shortening detected. With age, telomere-associated foci increase in small airway epithelial cells of the murine lung, which is accelerated by cigarette smoke exposure. Moreover, telomere-associated foci predict age-dependent emphysema, and late-generation Terc null mice, which harbor dysfunctional telomeres, show early-onset emphysema. We found that cigarette smoke accelerates telomere dysfunction via reactive oxygen species in vitro and may be associated with ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent secretion of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and -8. We propose that telomeres are highly sensitive to cigarette smoke-induced damage, and telomere dysfunction may underlie decline of lung function observed during aging and in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Birch
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Lung Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys K Anderson
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Correia-Melo
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Jurk
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Madeira Marques
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Green
- Lung Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Moisey
- Lung Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Fiona Black
- Department of Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John J Taylor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Lung Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Lung Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - João F Passos
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;
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21
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Babizhayev MA, Yegorov YE. Tissue formation and tissue engineering through host cell recruitment or a potential injectable cell-based biocomposite with replicative potential: Molecular mechanisms controlling cellular senescence and the involvement of controlled transient telomerase activation therapies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3993-4023. [PMID: 26034007 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated data indicate that wound-care products should have a composition equivalent to that of the skin: a combination of particular growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins endogenous to the skin, together with viable epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Strategies consisting of bioengineered dressings and cell-based products have emerged for widespread clinical use; however, their performance is not optimal because chronic wounds persist as a serious unmet medical need. Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein complex that adds telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomes, is responsible for telomere maintenance, and its expression is associated with cell immortalization and, in certain cases, cancerogenesis. Telomerase contains a catalytic subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Introduction of TERT into human cells extends both their lifespan and their telomeres to lengths typical of young cells. The regulation of TERT involves transcriptional and posttranscriptional molecular biology mechanisms. The manipulation, regulation of telomerase is multifactorial in mammalian cells, involving overall telomerase gene expression, post-translational protein-protein interactions, and protein phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in aging, apoptosis, and necrosis of cells in numerous diseases. Upon production of high levels of ROS from exogenous or endogenous generators, the redox balance is perturbed and cells are shifted into a state of oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to modifications of intracellular proteins and membrane lipid peroxidation and to direct DNA damage. When the oxidative stress is severe, survival of the cell is dependent on the repair or replacement of damaged molecules, which can result in induction of apoptosis in the injured with ROS cells. ROS-mediated oxidative stress induces the depletion of hTERT from the nucleus via export through the nuclear pores. Nuclear export is initiated by ROS-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 707 within hTERT by the Src kinase family. It might be presumed that protection of mitochondria against oxidative stress is an important telomere length-independent function for telomerase in cell survival. Biotechnology companies are focused on development of therapeutic telomerase vaccines, telomerase inhibitors, and telomerase promoter-driven cell killing in oncology, have a telomerase antagonist in late preclinical studies. Anti-aging medicine-oriented groups have intervened on the market with products working on telomerase activation for a broad range of degenerative diseases in which replicative senescence or telomere dysfunction may play an important role. Since oxidative damage has been shown to shorten telomeres in tissue culture models, the adequate topical, transdermal, or systemic administration of antioxidants (such as, patented ocular administration of 1% N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops in the treatment of cataracts) may be beneficial at preserving telomere lengths and delaying the onset or in treatment of disease in susceptible individuals. Therapeutic strategies toward controlled transient activation of telomerase are targeted to cells and replicative potential in cell-based therapies, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Babizhayev
- Innovative Vision Products, Inc., 3511 Silverside Road, Suite 105, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19810
| | - Yegor E Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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22
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Honig LS, Kang MS, Cheng R, Eckfeldt JH, Thyagarajan B, Leiendecker-Foster C, Province MA, Sanders JL, Perls T, Christensen K, Lee JH, Mayeux R, Schupf N. Heritability of telomere length in a study of long-lived families. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2785-90. [PMID: 26239175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal telomere length shortens with repeated cell divisions. Human leukocyte DNA telomere length (LTL) has been shown to shorten during aging. LTL shortening has correlated with decreased longevity, dementia, and other age-associated processes. Because LTL varies widely between individuals in a given age group, it has been hypothesized to be a marker of biological aging. However, the principal basis for the variation of human LTL has not been established, although various studies have reported heritability. Here, we use a family-based study of longevity to study heritability of LTL in 3037 individuals. We show that LTL is shorter in older individuals, and in males, and has a high heritability (overall h(2) = 0.54). In the offspring generation, who are in middle-life, we find an ordinal relationship: persons more-closely-related to elderly probands have longer LTL than persons less-closely-related, who nonetheless have longer LTL than unrelated spouses of the offspring generation. These results support a prominent genetic underpinning of LTL. Elucidation of such genetic bases may provide avenues for intervening in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Min Suk Kang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rong Cheng
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Eckfeldt
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason L Sanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Carvalho AC, Gomes AC, Pereira-Wilson C, Lima CF. Redox-dependent induction of antioxidant defenses by phenolic diterpenes confers stress tolerance in normal human skin fibroblasts: Insights on replicative senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:262-72. [PMID: 25744415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mild stress-induced hormesis represents a promising strategy for targeting the age-related accumulation of molecular damage and, therefore, for preventing diseases and achieving healthy aging. Fruits, vegetables, and spices contain a wide variety of hormetic phytochemicals, which may explain the beneficial health effects associated with the consumption of these dietary components. In the present study, the induction of cellular antioxidant defenses by the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) were studied in normal human skin fibroblasts, and insights into the aging process at the cellular level investigated. We observed that CA and CS induced several cytoprotective enzymes and antioxidant defenses in human fibroblasts, whose induction was dependent on the cellular redox state for CS and associated with Nrf2 signaling for both compounds. The stress response elicited by preincubation with CS conferred a cytoprotective action against a following oxidant challenge with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, confirming its hormetic effect. Preincubation of normal fibroblasts with CS also protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced premature senescence. Furthermore, cultivation of middle passage normal human skin fibroblasts in the presence of CS ameliorated the physiological state of cells during replicative senescence. Our results support the view that mild stress-induced antioxidant defenses by CS can confer stress tolerance in normal cells and may have important implications in the promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Carvalho
- CITAB (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pereira-Wilson
- CITAB (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristovao F Lima
- CITAB (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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24
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Shen X, Zhou Y, Bi X, Zhang J, Fu G, Zheng H. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α prevents endothelial progenitor cells senescence and enhances re-endothelialization of injured arteries via human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:962-71. [PMID: 25820929 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that endothelial progenitor subpopulation (EPCs) number and activity were associated with EPCs senescence. Our previous study had shown that stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) could prevent EPCs senescence, which may be via telomerase. In this study, we further investigated the role of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (h-TERT) on the protective effect of SDF-1α against senescence. Knockdown h-TERT abrogated the protective effect of SDF-1α and abolished the effects of SDF-1α on migration and proliferation. Moreover, it inhibited EPCs recruitment. In conclusion, h-TERT served a critical role in the progress that SDF-1α prevented EPCs senescence and enhanced re-endothelialization of the injured arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
| | - Jiefang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Xiasha Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, 310058
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25
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Koliada AK, Krasnenkov DS, Vaiserman AM. Telomeric aging: mitotic clock or stress indicator? Front Genet 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25852738 PMCID: PMC4360757 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Koliada
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry S Krasnenkov
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexander M Vaiserman
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
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26
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Bianchessi V, Badi I, Bertolotti M, Nigro P, D'Alessandra Y, Capogrossi MC, Zanobini M, Pompilio G, Raucci A, Lauri A. The mitochondrial lncRNA ASncmtRNA-2 is induced in aging and replicative senescence in Endothelial Cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:62-70. [PMID: 25640160 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular diseases are at least partially ascribable to vascular cell senescence. Replicative senescence (RS) and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) are provoked respectively by endogenous (telomere erosion) and exogenous (H2O2, UV) stimuli resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases. In both scenarios, mitochondria-derived ROS are important players in senescence initiation. We aimed to define whether a mtDNA-transcribed long-non-coding-RNA (lncRNA), ASncmtRNA-2, has a role in vascular aging and senescence. Aortas of old mice, characterized by increased senescence, showed an increment in ASncmtRNA-2 expression. In vitro analysis of Endothelial Cells (EC) and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) established that ASncmtRNA-2 is induced in EC, but not in VSMC, during RS. Surprisingly, ASncmtRNA-2 is not upregulated in two different EC SIPS scenarios, treated with H2O2 and UV. The p16 gene displayed similar ASncmtRNA-2 expression patterns, suggesting a possible co-regulation of the two genes. Interestingly, the expression of two miRNAs, hsa-miR-4485 and hsa-miR-1973, with perfect homology to the double strand region of ASncmtRNA-2 and originating at least in part from a mitochondrial transcript, was induced in RS, opening to the possibility that this lncRNA functions as a non-canonical precursor of these miRNAs. Cell cycle analysis of EC transiently over-expressing ASncmtRNA-2 revealed an accumulation of EC in the G2/M phase, but not in the G1 phase. We propose that ASncmtRNA-2 in EC might be involved in the RS establishment by participating in the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, possibly through the production of hsa-miR-4485 and hsa-miR-1973. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianchessi
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ileana Badi
- Unità di Cardio-Oncologia Sperimentale e Invecchiamento Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertolotti
- Unità di Cardio-Oncologia Sperimentale e Invecchiamento Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Yuri D'Alessandra
- Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Zanobini
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Vascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unità di Cardio-Oncologia Sperimentale e Invecchiamento Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lauri
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM), IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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27
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Mar FA, Debnath J, Stohr BA. Autophagy-independent senescence and genome instability driven by targeted telomere dysfunction. Autophagy 2015; 11:527-37. [PMID: 25751002 PMCID: PMC4502814 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction plays a complex role in tumorigenesis. While dysfunctional telomeres can block the proliferation of incipient cancer clones by inducing replicative senescence, fusion of dysfunctional telomeres can drive genome instability and oncogenic genomic rearrangements. Therefore, it is important to define the regulatory pathways that guide these opposing effects. Recent work has shown that the autophagy pathway regulates both senescence and genome instability in various contexts. Here, we apply models of acute telomere dysfunction to determine whether autophagy modulates the resulting genome instability and senescence responses. While telomere dysfunction rapidly induces autophagic flux in human fibroblast cell lines, inhibition of the autophagy pathway does not have a significant impact upon the transition to senescence, in contrast to what has previously been reported for oncogene-induced senescence. Our results suggest that this difference may be explained by disparities in the development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. We also show that chromosome fusions induced by telomere dysfunction are comparable in autophagy-proficient and autophagy-deficient cells. Altogether, our results highlight the complexity of the senescence-autophagy interface and indicate that autophagy induction is unlikely to play a significant role in telomere dysfunction-driven senescence and chromosome fusions.
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Key Words
- ACD/Tpp1, adrenocortical dysplasia homolog (mouse)
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5, ATG7, autophagy-related 7
- B2M, β-2-microglobulin
- HBSS, Hank's buffered salt solution
- HMECs, human mammary epithelial cells
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MT-HsTER, mutant template-Homo sapiens template-containing RNA
- MT-MmTER, mutant template-Mus musculus template-containing RNA
- OIS, oncogene-induced senescence
- RBBP8/CtIP, retinoblastoma binding protein 8
- SA-β-Gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase
- SASP
- SASP, senescence associated secretory phenotype
- TDIS, telomere dysfunction-induced senescence
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TIFs, telomere dysfunction-induced foci
- autophagy
- chromosome fusions
- genome instability
- senescence
- telomerase
- telomeres
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie A Mar
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Pathology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Pathology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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28
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Brody LT. Knee osteoarthritis: Clinical connections to articular cartilage structure and function. Phys Ther Sport 2014; 16:301-16. [PMID: 25783021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique biphasic material that supports a lifetime of compressive and shear forces across joints. When articular cartilage deteriorates, whether due to injury, wear and tear or normal aging, osteoarthritis and resultant pain can ensue. Understanding the basic science of the structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage can help clinicians guide their patients to appropriate activity and loading choices. The purpose of this article is to examine how articular cartilage structure and mechanics, may interact with risk factors to contribute to OA and how this interaction provides guidelines for intervention choices This paper will review the microstructure of articular cartilage, its mechanical properties and link this information to clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Thein Brody
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Research Park Clinic, 621 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Orthopaedic and Sports Science, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 East 1700 South, Bldg. C, Provo, UT 84606, USA.
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29
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Hoffmann J, Shmeleva EV, Boag SE, Fiser K, Bagnall A, Murali S, Dimmick I, Pircher H, Martin-Ruiz C, Egred M, Keavney B, von Zglinicki T, Das R, Todryk S, Spyridopoulos I. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion leads to transient CD8 immune deficiency and accelerated immunosenescence in CMV-seropositive patients. Circ Res 2014; 116:87-98. [PMID: 25385851 PMCID: PMC4280279 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is mounting evidence of a higher incidence of coronary heart disease in cytomegalovirus-seropositive individuals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute myocardial infarction triggers an inflammatory T-cell response that might lead to accelerated immunosenescence in cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were longitudinally studied within 3 months after reperfusion (Cohort A). In addition, 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic myocardial infarction were analyzed in a cross-sectional study (Cohort B). Cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients demonstrated a greater fall in the concentration of terminally differentiated CD8 effector memory T cells (TEMRA) in peripheral blood during the first 30 minutes of reperfusion compared with cytomegalovirus-seronegative patients (-192 versus -63 cells/μL; P=0.008), correlating with the expression of programmed cell death-1 before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (r=0.8; P=0.0002). A significant proportion of TEMRA cells remained depleted for ≥3 months in cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients. Using high-throughput 13-parameter flow cytometry and human leukocyte antigen class I cytomegalovirus-specific dextramers, we confirmed an acute and persistent depletion of terminally differentiated TEMRA and cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) cells in cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients. Long-term reconstitution of the TEMRA pool in chronic cytomegalovirus-seropositive postmyocardial infarction patients was associated with signs of terminal differentiation including an increase in killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 and shorter telomere length in CD8(+) T cells (2225 versus 3397 bp; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention leads to acute loss of antigen-specific, terminally differentiated CD8 T cells, possibly through programmed cell death-1-dependent programmed cell death. Our results suggest that acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion accelerate immunosenescence in cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Hoffmann
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Evgeniya V Shmeleva
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Stephen E Boag
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Karel Fiser
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Alan Bagnall
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Santosh Murali
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Ian Dimmick
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Mohaned Egred
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Bernard Keavney
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Rajiv Das
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Stephen Todryk
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.H., E.V.S., S.E.B., S.M., B.K., I.S.), Institute of Aging and Health (C.M.-R., T.v.Z.), and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., S.T.), Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (A.B., M.E., R.D., I.S.); Flow Cytometry Core Facility, International Center for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (I.D.); Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Freiburg University, Germany (H.P.); CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic (K.F.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom (B.K.); and Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.M., S.T.).
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The mitochondrial genome in aging and senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:1-15. [PMID: 25042573 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in organism functions due to the impairment of all organs. The deterioration of both proliferative tissues in liver, skin and the vascular system, as well as of largely post-mitotic organs, such as the heart and brain could be attributed at least in part to cell senescence. In this review we examine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA mutations in cell aging and senescence. Specifically, we address how p53 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity switch their roles from cytoprotective to detrimental and also examine the role of microRNAs in cell aging. The proposed role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), both as mutating agents and as signalling molecules, underlying these processes is also described.
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Religa AA, Ramesar J, Janse CJ, Scherf A, Waters AP. P. berghei telomerase subunit TERT is essential for parasite survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108930. [PMID: 25275500 PMCID: PMC4183507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres define the ends of chromosomes protecting eukaryotic cells from chromosome instability and eventual cell death. The complex regulation of telomeres involves various proteins including telomerase, which is a specialized ribonucleoprotein responsible for telomere maintenance. Telomeres of chromosomes of malaria parasites are kept at a constant length during blood stage proliferation. The 7-bp telomere repeat sequence is universal across different Plasmodium species (GGGTTT/CA), though the average telomere length varies. The catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), is present in all sequenced Plasmodium species and is approximately three times larger than other eukaryotic TERTs. The Plasmodium RNA component of TERT has recently been identified in silico. A strategy to delete the gene encoding TERT via double cross-over (DXO) homologous recombination was undertaken to study the telomerase function in P. berghei. Expression of both TERT and the RNA component (TR) in P. berghei blood stages was analysed by Western blotting and Northern analysis. Average telomere length was measured in several Plasmodium species using Telomere Restriction Fragment (TRF) analysis. TERT and TR were detected in blood stages and an average telomere length of ∼950 bp established. Deletion of the tert gene was performed using standard transfection methodologies and we show the presence of tert− mutants in the transfected parasite populations. Cloning of tert- mutants has been attempted multiple times without success. Thorough analysis of the transfected parasite populations and the parasite obtained from extensive parasite cloning from these populations provide evidence for a so called delayed death phenotype as observed in different organisms lacking TERT. The findings indicate that TERT is essential for P. berghei cell survival. The study extends our current knowledge on telomere biology in malaria parasites and validates further investigations to identify telomerase inhibitors to induce parasite cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Religa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Ramesar
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Artur Scherf
- Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Andrew P. Waters
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Low abundance of the matrix arm of complex I in mitochondria predicts longevity in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3837. [PMID: 24815183 PMCID: PMC4024759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is an important determinant of the ageing process; however, the mitochondrial properties that enable longevity are not well understood. Here we show that optimal assembly of mitochondrial complex I predicts longevity in mice. Using an unbiased high-coverage high-confidence approach, we demonstrate that electron transport chain proteins, especially the matrix arm subunits of complex I, are decreased in young long-living mice, which is associated with improved complex I assembly, higher complex I-linked state 3 oxygen consumption rates and decreased superoxide production, whereas the opposite is seen in old mice. Disruption of complex I assembly reduces oxidative metabolism with concomitant increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. This is rescued by knockdown of the mitochondrial chaperone, prohibitin. Disrupted complex I assembly causes premature senescence in primary cells. We propose that lower abundance of free catalytic complex I components supports complex I assembly, efficacy of substrate utilization and minimal ROS production, enabling enhanced longevity.
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Mirakhori F, Zeynali B, Salekdeh GH, Baharvand H. Induced Neural Lineage Cells as Repair Kits: So Close, Yet So Far Away. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:728-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mirakhori
- School of Biology, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at the Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Bahman Zeynali
- School of Biology, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at the Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology; University of Science and Culture, ACECR; Tehran Iran
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Harbo M, Delaisse JM, Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Soerensen FB, Koelvraa S, Bendix L. The relationship between ultra-short telomeres, aging of articular cartilage and the development of human hip osteoarthritis. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:367-72. [PMID: 23872258 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultra-short telomeres caused by stress-induced telomere shortening are suggested to induce chondrocyte senescence in human osteoarthritic knees. Here we have further investigated the role of ultra-short telomeres in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and in aging of articular cartilage in human hips. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cartilage was obtained from four different distances of the central weight-bearing area in human femoral heads (14 OA and 9 non-OA). Samples were split into three: one for quantification of ultra-short single telomeres by Universal STELA and mean telomere length measurement by Q-PCR; one for histological grading of OA, and one for immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Load of ultra-short telomeres increased closer to the central weight-bearing area and correlated with cartilage degradation in both OA and non-OA samples. Mean telomere length decreased with decreasing distance to the central weight-bearing area, however, unexpectedly increased in the most central zone. This increase was associated with immunohistochemical findings of cells expressing markers characteristic of progenitor-like cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a role of short telomeres in the development of OA and in aging of articular cartilage. Furthermore, progenitor-like cells with long telomeres may be recruited to the most damaged areas of the cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harbo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19,3., 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Shen XH, Xu SJ, Jin CY, Ding F, Zhou YC, Fu GS. Interleukin-8 prevents oxidative stress-induced human endothelial cell senescence via telomerase activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is the irreversible loss of proliferative potential and is accompanied by a number of phenotypic changes. First described by Hayflick and Moorhead in 1961, it has since become a popular model to study cellular aging. The replicative lifespan of human fibroblasts is heterogeneous even in clonal populations, with the fraction of senescent cells increasing with each population doubling (PD). Thus, the study of individual cells in mass culture is necessary in order to properly understand senescence and its associated phenotype. Cell sorting is a process that allows the physical separation of cells based on different characteristics which can be measured by flow cytometry. Here, we describe various methods by which senescent cells can be sorted from mixed cultures and discuss how different methods impact on the posterior analysis of sorted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Hewitt
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Centre for Integrated Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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37
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Harbo M, Koelvraa S, Serakinci N, Bendix L. Telomere dynamics in human mesenchymal stem cells after exposure to acute oxidative stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2012; 11:774-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Udono M, Kadooka K, Yamashita S, Katakura Y. Quantitative analysis of cellular senescence phenotypes using an imaging cytometer. Methods 2012; 56:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
It is not always realised that separate fibroblast populations of the same strain have very different lifespans, that is, over a million-fold range. This is best documented for human strains WI-38 and MRC-5. There is evidence that it is the molecular clock of telomere shortening which determines the growth potential of these cells. However, if a clock is set and runs its course one would expect parallel cultures to have similar lifespans. The commitment theory of fibroblast ageing proposes that commitment occurs during early cell divisions with a given probability and after that there is then a constant number of divisions until growth ceases. This constant number could be determined by the gradual loss of telomeres. The stochastic feature of the theory is the probability of the loss of the last uncommitted cells or the youngest committed cells. These cells have the longest lifespan and will give rise to the final population.
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Den Elzen WPJ, Martin-Ruiz C, von Zglinicki T, Westendorp RGJ, Kirkwood TBL, Gussekloo J. Telomere length and anaemia in old age: results from the Newcastle 85-plus Study and the Leiden 85-plus Study. Age Ageing 2011; 40:494-500. [PMID: 21622673 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afr048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND reduced telomere length in blood cells has been associated with increased risk of multiple age-related diseases and is widely regarded as a general biomarker of ageing. Therefore, it is important to know both the extent and limitations of this association. We investigated the relation between telomere length and anaemia in two independent cohorts, with the prior expectation of adding anaemia to the list of conditions for which telomere reduction is a risk factor. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS the present study is embedded in the Newcastle 85-plus Study and Leiden 85-plus Study, two population-based studies of inhabitants of Newcastle and North Tyneside, UK (n = 749) and Leiden, the Netherlands (n = 658) aged 85 and over. High-molecular-weight DNA was isolated from full fresh blood (Newcastle) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples (Leiden). Telomere length was measured as abundance of telomeric template versus a single gene by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anaemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS in both studies, no differences in median telomere length were observed between participants with anaemia and participants without anaemia (Newcastle: 2,846 bp (interquartile range (IQR) 2,433-3,630) versus 2,920 bp (IQR 2,425-3,570), P = 0.63; Leiden: 4,136 bp (IQR 3,879-4,428) versus 4,167 bp (IQR 3,893-4,501), P = 0.41). Telomere length also did not correlate with any other haematological parameter in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS in contrast to other age-related diseases, telomere length is not associated with anaemia or any other haematological parameter in older individuals in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P J Den Elzen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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Wong LSM, Huzen J, van der Harst P, de Boer RA, Codd V, Westenbrink BD, Benus GFJD, Voors AA, van Gilst WH, Samani NJ, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ. Anaemia is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2011; 12:348-53. [PMID: 20335352 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anaemia is highly prevalent and associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Reduced erythroid proliferation capacity of haematopoietic progenitor cells is associated with reduced telomere length, a marker of cellular ageing. We hypothesize that short telomere length contributes to the susceptibility to develop anaemia in patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 875 CHF patients, of whom 254 (29%) fulfilled the WHO criteria of anaemia. Telomere length in DNA from peripheral leucocytes was measured with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Age, gender, and baseline differences adjusted telomere length was correlated with haemoglobin levels (partial r = 0.130; P = 0.011). One standard deviation shorter telomere length was associated with an increased risk of having anaemia [odds ratio (OR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-1.53; P = 0.001]. This observation was not affected by adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.81; P = 0.021 after adjustment for age, gender, erythropoietin levels, renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction, age of CHF onset, blood pressure, history of stroke, diabetes, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels). CONCLUSION Shorter telomere length increases the odds of having anaemia in CHF patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that cellular ageing in CHF contributes to the susceptibility to develop anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S M Wong
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cho S, Park J, Hwang ES. Kinetics of the cell biological changes occurring in the progression of DNA damage-induced senescence. Mol Cells 2011; 31:539-46. [PMID: 21533552 PMCID: PMC3887620 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by cell-cycle arrest accompanied by various cell biological changes. Although these changes have been heavily relied on as senescence markers in numerous studies on senescence and its intervention, their underlying mechanisms and relationship to each other are poorly understood. Furthermore, the depth and the reversibility of those changes have not been addressed previously. Using flow cytometry coupled with confocal microscopy and Western blotting, we quantified various senescence-associated cellular changes and determined their time course profiles in MCF-7 cells undergoing DNA damage-induced senescence. The examined properties changed with several different kinetics patterns. Autofluorescence, side scattering, and the mitochondria content increased progressively and linearly. Cell volume, lysosome content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased abruptly at an early stage. Meanwhile, senescence associated β-galactosidase activity increased after a lag of a few days. In addition, during the senescence progression, lysosomes exhibited a loss of integrity, which may have been associated with the accumulation of ROS. The finding that various senescence phenotypes matured at different rates with different lag times suggests multiple independent mechanisms controlling the expression of senescence phenotypes. This type of kinetics study would promote the understanding of how cells become fully senescent and facilitate the screening of methods that intervene in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Cho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Jihoon Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
- Present address: Yoo’s Pharm. Corp., Seoul 153-803, Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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Ogrunc M, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Never-ageing cellular senescence. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1616-22. [PMID: 21561762 PMCID: PMC3135819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was historically discovered as a form of cellular ageing of in vitro cultured cells. It has been under the spotlight following the evidence of oncogene-induced senescence in vivo and its role as a potent tumour suppressor mechanism. Presently, a PubMed search using keywords ‘cellular senescence and cancer’ reveals 8398 number of references (by April 2011) showing that while our knowledge of senescence keeps expanding, the complexity of the phenomenon keeps us – researchers in the field of cancer biology – fascinated and busy. In this short review, we summarise the many cellular pathways leading to cellular senescence and we discuss the latest experimental evidence and the questions emerging in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Ogrunc
- IFOM Foundation, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.
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Cho S, Hwang ES. Fluorescence-based detection and quantification of features of cellular senescence. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 103:149-88. [PMID: 21722803 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385493-3.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a spontaneous organismal defense mechanism against tumor progression which is raised upon the activation of oncoproteins or other cellular environmental stresses that must be circumvented for tumorigenesis to occur. It involves growth-arrest state of normal cells after a number of active divisions. There are multiple experimental routes that can drive cells into a state of senescence. Normal somatic cells and cancer cells enter a state of senescence upon overexpression of oncogenic Ras or Raf protein or by imposing certain kinds of stress such as cellular tumor suppressor function. Both flow cytometry and confocal imaging analysis techniques are very useful in quantitative analysis of cellular senescence phenomenon. They allow quantitative estimates of multiple different phenotypes expressed in multiple cell populations simultaneously. Here we review the various types of fluorescence methodologies including confocal imaging and flow cytometry that are frequently utilized to study a variety of senescence. First, we discuss key cell biological changes occurring during senescence and review the current understanding on the mechanisms of these changes with the goal of improving existing protocols and further developing new ones. Next, we list specific senescence phenotypes associated with each cellular trait along with the principles of their assay methods and the significance of the assay outcomes. We conclude by selecting appropriate references that demonstrate a typical example of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Cho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Harris SE, Martin-Ruiz C, von Zglinicki T, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Telomere length and aging biomarkers in 70-year-olds: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:1486.e3-8. [PMID: 21194798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleo-protein complexes at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. They shorten each time a somatic cell replicates and this shortening is modulated by the effects of oxidative stress. Previous studies have associated telomere length with a number of age-related outcomes and it is hypothesized to be a quantitative indicator of aging. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of ∼1000 relatively healthy 70-year-old Scots (the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936: LBC1936) on whom we have measures of cognition, physical health and associated traits, and social class. Telomeres were significantly longer in males than females (p < 0.0001). Longer telomeres were associated, in females only, with higher general cognitive ability scores (p = 0.022) and lower C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.014). Telomere length was not associated with any of the other measured cognitive, physical, or social traits. In conclusion we find little evidence that telomere length is a significant biomarker of normal aging in important cognitive and physical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Mao GX, Wang Y, Qiu Q, Deng HB, Yuan LG, Li RG, Song DQ, Li YYY, Li DD, Wang Z. Salidroside protects human fibroblast cells from premature senescence induced by H2O2 partly through modulating oxidative status. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:723-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mild hyperoxia limits hTR levels, telomerase activity, and telomere length maintenance in hTERT-transduced bone marrow endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:1142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tchkonia T, Morbeck DE, Von Zglinicki T, Van Deursen J, Lustgarten J, Scrable H, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Kirkland JL. Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2010; 9:667-84. [PMID: 20701600 PMCID: PMC2941545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat tissue, frequently the largest organ in humans, is at the nexus of mechanisms involved in longevity and age-related metabolic dysfunction. Fat distribution and function change dramatically throughout life. Obesity is associated with accelerated onset of diseases common in old age, while fat ablation and certain mutations affecting fat increase life span. Fat cells turn over throughout the life span. Fat cell progenitors, preadipocytes, are abundant, closely related to macrophages, and dysdifferentiate in old age, switching into a pro-inflammatory, tissue-remodeling, senescent-like state. Other mesenchymal progenitors also can acquire a pro-inflammatory, adipocyte-like phenotype with aging. We propose a hypothetical model in which cellular stress and preadipocyte overutilization with aging induce cellular senescence, leading to impaired adipogenesis, failure to sequester lipotoxic fatty acids, inflammatory cytokine and chemokine generation, and innate and adaptive immune response activation. These pro-inflammatory processes may amplify each other and have systemic consequences. This model is consistent with recent concepts about cellular senescence as a stress-responsive, adaptive phenotype that develops through multiple stages, including major metabolic and secretory readjustments, which can spread from cell to cell and can occur at any point during life. Senescence could be an alternative cell fate that develops in response to injury or metabolic dysfunction and might occur in nondividing as well as dividing cells. Consistent with this, a senescent-like state can develop in preadipocytes and fat cells from young obese individuals. Senescent, pro-inflammatory cells in fat could have profound clinical consequences because of the large size of the fat organ and its central metabolic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Antoniou KM, Papadaki HA, Soufla G, Kastrinaki MC, Damianaki A, Koutala H, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM. Investigation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) involvement in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Respir Med 2010; 104:1535-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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