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Liang X, Zhang J. Regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:25. [PMID: 37676353 PMCID: PMC10441961 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with environmental change and numerous biotic and abiotic stress. Upon perceiving environmental cues and stress signals using different types of receptors, plant cells initiate immediate and complicated signaling to regulate cellular processes and respond to stress. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) transduce signals from receptors to cellular components and play roles in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the hubbing roles of RLCKs in plant responses to biotic stress. Emerging evidence indicates the important regulatory roles of RLCKs in plant responses to abiotic stress, growth, and development. As a pivot of cellular signaling, the activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically and tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how RLCKs regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Identification of a Negative Regulator for Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage via a Genome-wide Association Study of Thai Rice Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031842. [PMID: 35163767 PMCID: PMC8836775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major limiting factor in crop production and yield in many regions of the world. The objective of this study was to identify the genes responsible for salt tolerance in Thai rice populations. We performed a genome-wide association study with growth traits, relative water content, and cell membrane stability at the seedling stage, and predicted 25 putative genes. Eleven of them were located within previously reported salt-tolerant QTLs (ST-QTLs). OsCRN, located outside the ST-QTLs, was selected for gene characterization using the Arabidopsis mutant line with T-DNA insertion in the orthologous gene. Mutations in the AtCRN gene led to the enhancement of salt tolerance by increasing the ability to maintain photosynthetic pigment content and relative water content, while the complemented lines with ectopic expression of OsCRN showed more susceptibility to salt stress detected by photosynthesis performance. Moreover, the salt-tolerant rice varieties showed lower expression of this gene than the susceptible rice varieties under salt stress conditions. The study concludes that by acting as a negative regulator, OsCRN plays an important role in salt tolerance in rice.
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Yang J, Ji L, Liu S, Jing P, Hu J, Jin D, Wang L, Xie G. The CaM1-associated CCaMK-MKK1/6 cascade positively affects lateral root growth via auxin signaling under salt stress in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6611-6627. [PMID: 34129028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) are two types of kinases that regulate salt stress response in plants. It remains unclear, however, how they cooperatively affect lateral root growth under salt stress. Here, two conserved phosphorylation sites (S102 and T118) of OsCaM1 were identified, and found to affect the ability to bind to Ca2+in vitro and the kinase activity of OsCCaMK in vivo. OsCCaMK specifically interacted with OsMKK1/6 in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner. In vitro kinase and in vivo dual-luciferase assays revealed that OsCCaMK phosphorylated OsMKK6 while OsMKK1 phosphorylated OsCCaMK. Overexpression and antisense-RNA repression expression of OsCaM1-1, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing mutations of OsMKK1, OsMKK6, and OsMKK1/6 proved that OsCaM1-1, OsMKK1, and OsMKK6 enhanced the auxin content in roots and lateral root growth under salt stress. Consistently, OsCaM1-1, OsMKK1, and OsMKK6 regulated the transcript levels of the genes of this cascade, and salt stress-related and lateral root growth-related auxin signaling under salt stress in rice roots. These findings demonstrate that the OsCaM1-associated OsCCaMK-OsMKK1/6 cascade plays a critical role in recruiting auxin signaling in rice roots. These results also provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of the CaM-mediated phosphorylation relay cascade to auxin signaling in lateral root growth under salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingxiao Ji
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pei Jing
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deming Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang X, Wu MH, Xiao D, Huang RL, Zhan J, Wang AQ, He LF. Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of RLKs involved in the response to aluminium stress in peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34154532 PMCID: PMC8215822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important cash crop, the yield of peanut is influenced by soil acidification and pathogen infection. Receptor-like protein kinases play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, little is known about the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny, and expression of RLKs in peanut, and no comprehensive analysis of RLKs in the Al stress response in peanuts have been reported. RESULTS A total of 1311 AhRLKs were identified from the peanut genome. The AhLRR-RLKs and AhLecRLKs were further divided into 24 and 35 subfamilies, respectively. The AhRLKs were randomly distributed across all 20 chromosomes in the peanut. Among these AhRLKs, 9.53% and 61.78% originated from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, respectively. The ka/ks ratios of 96.97% (96/99) of tandem duplication gene pairs and 98.78% (646/654) of segmental duplication gene pairs were less than 1. Among the tested tandem duplication clusters, there were 28 gene conversion events. Moreover, all total of 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs were identified by mining transcriptome data, and they were divided into 7 groups. Most of the Al-responsive AhRLKs that clustered together had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. The gene expression patterns of these genes in different tissues were further analysed, and tissue-specifically expressed genes, including 14 root-specific Al-responsive AhRLKs were found. In addition, all 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs which were distributed unevenly in the subfamilies of AhRLKs, showed different expression patterns between the two peanut varieties (Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant) under Al stress. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we analysed the RLK gene family in the peanut genome. Segmental duplication events were the main driving force for AhRLK evolution, and most AhRLKs subject to purifying selection. A total of 90 genes were identified as Al-responsive AhRLKs, and the classification, conserved motifs, structures, tissue expression patterns and predicted functions of Al-responsive AhRLKs were further analysed and discussed, revealing their putative roles. This study provides a better understanding of the structures and functions of AhRLKs and Al-responsive AhRLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ming-Hua Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Ruo-Lan Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Long-Fei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, GuangxiColleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
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Kanojia A, Gupta S, Benina M, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev T, Dijkwel PP. Developmentally controlled changes during Arabidopsis leaf development indicate causes for loss of stress tolerance with age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6340-6354. [PMID: 32720687 PMCID: PMC7586751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is induced by the gradual occurrence of age-related changes (ARCs). The process of leaf senescence has been well described, but the cellular events leading to this process are still poorly understood. By analysis of progressively ageing, but not yet senescing, Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, we aimed to better understand processes occurring prior to the onset of senescence. Using gene expression analysis, we found that as leaves mature, genes responding to oxidative stress and genes involved in stress hormone biosynthesis and signalling were up-regulated. A decrease in primary metabolites that provide protection against oxidative stress was a possible explanation for the increased stress signature. The gene expression and metabolomics changes occurred concomitantly to a decrease in drought, salinity, and dark stress tolerance of individual leaves. Importantly, stress-related genes showed elevated expression in the early ageing mutant old5 and decreased expression in the delayed ageing mutant ore9. We propose that the decreased stress tolerance with age results from the occurrence of senescence-inducing ARCs that is integrated into the leaf developmental programme, and that this ensures a timely and certain death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Jia H, Li J, Zhang J, Sun P, Lu M, Hu J. The Salix psammophila SpRLCK1 involved in drought and salt tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:222-233. [PMID: 31586722 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the functions of RLCKs from the desert shrub willow Salix psammophila have not been characterized. Here, we focused on the biological function of SpRLCK1, which was previously identified as a potential drought-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization revealed that SpRLCK1 was a cytoplasmic-localized protein with a protein kinase domain and belonged to the RLCK VIIa subclass. Gene expression profile revealed that SpRLCK1 was predominantly expressed in the root, being consistent with the GUS staining of pSpRLCK1:GUS transgenic plants. Additionally, the expression of SpRLCK1 was significantly induced by drought and salt stresses. To verify the function of SpRLCK1, we generated its overexpressing transgenic lines in Arabidopsis thaliana. The SpRLCK1-overexpressing plants exhibited higher tolerance to drought and salt stresses, as evidenced by the higher survival rate, relative water content and antioxidant enzyme activity than those of wild-type plants. The SpRLCK1-overexpressing plants enhanced drought and salt tolerance by improving ROS-scavenging activities. A co-expression network for SpRLCK1 was constructed, and the expression analysis indicated that SpRLCK1 regulated the expression of a series of stress-related genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SpRLCK1 confers plant drought and salt tolerance through enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and cooperating with stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Pei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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7
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Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Response to Cold in Pisum sativum Using RNA Sequencing Analyses. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080288. [PMID: 31443248 PMCID: PMC6724123 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature stress affects growth and development in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and decreases yield. In this study, RNA sequencing time series analyses performed on lines, Champagne frost-tolerant and Térèse frost-sensitive, during a low temperature treatment versus a control condition, led us to identify 4981 differentially expressed genes. Thanks to our experimental design and statistical analyses, we were able to classify these genes into three sets. The first one was composed of 2487 genes that could be related to the constitutive differences between the two lines and were not regulated during cold treatment. The second gathered 1403 genes that could be related to the chilling response. The third set contained 1091 genes, including genes that could be related to freezing tolerance. The identification of differentially expressed genes related to cold, oxidative stress, and dehydration responses, including some transcription factors and kinases, confirmed the soundness of our analyses. In addition, we identified about one hundred genes, whose expression has not yet been linked to cold stress. Overall, our findings showed that both lines have different characteristics for their cold response (chilling response and/or freezing tolerance), as more than 90% of differentially expressed genes were specific to each of them.
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Fan M, Ma W, Liu C, Zhang C, Wu S, Chen M, Liu K, Cai F, Lin F. Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113680. [PMID: 30469332 PMCID: PMC6274858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases (RLCKs) are involved in various activities in plant growth and development. We have totally identified 162, 160, and 402 RLCK genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses divided 724 RLCK genes into 15 subfamilies and similar structural patterns of kinase activity sites and functional sites were observed within the subfamilies. Furthermore, the structural patterns of intron/exon in the same subfamilies were similar, implicating their close evolutionary relationship. Chromosome distribution indicated that segmental duplication of RLCK genes might be a major mechanism contributing to the expansion of the RLCK superfamilies in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis, respectively. The analysis of the synteny relationship and gene structure indicated that the evolution of most RLCKs in maize were prior to rice and Arabidopsis. Most of the ratio of Ka/Ks is inferior to one, suggesting that RLCK genes have experienced the negative selection in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Duplication time revealed that the maize was the earliest emergence among these three species. The expression profiles showed that there are some specifically expressed RLCK genes in maize root, leaf, ear, and tassel. These specific expression genes may participate in the developmental regulation of these maize tissues. Our results will be useful in providing new insights into evolution of RLCKs and revealing the regulatory network of maize, rice, and Arabidopsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Fan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China.
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Suwen Wu
- College of Science Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Meiming Chen
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Kuichen Liu
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Fengchun Cai
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Feng Lin
- Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Reichman JR, Rygiewicz PT, Johnson MG, Bollman MA, Smith BM, Krantz QT, King CJ, Kovalcik KD, Andersen CP. Douglas-Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Transcriptome Profile Changes Induced by Diesel Emissions Generated with CeO 2 Nanoparticle Fuel Borne Catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10067-10077. [PMID: 30075627 PMCID: PMC6309902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand molecular effects on plants exposed to compounds released from use of products containing engineered nanomaterials. Here, we present mRNA sequencing data on transcriptome impacts to Douglas-fir following 2 weeks of sublethal exposure to 30:1 diluted airborne emissions released from combustion of diesel fuel containing engineered CeO2 nanoparticle catalysts (DECe). Our hypothesis was that chamber exposure to DECe would induce distinct transcriptome changes in seedling needles compared with responses to conventional diesel exhaust (DE) or filtered DECe Gas Phase. Significantly increased uptake/binding of Ce in needles of DECe treated seedlings was 2.7X above background levels and was associated with altered gene expression patterns. All 225 Blast2GO gene ontologies (GOs) enriched by up-regulated DECe transcripts were nested within GOs for DE, however, 29 of 31 enriched GOs for down-regulated DECe transcripts were unique. MapMan analysis also identified three pathways enriched with DECe down-regulated transcripts. There was prominent representation of genes with attenuated expression in transferase, transporter, RNA regulation and protein degradation GOs and pathways. CeO2 nanoparticle additive decreased and shifted molecular impact of diesel emissions. Wide-spread use of such products and chronic environmental exposure to DECe may adversely affect plant physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. Reichman
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
- Correspondence: Jay R. Reichman, Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA. Tel: 541-754-4643.
| | - Paul T. Rygiewicz
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Michael A. Bollman
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Bonnie M. Smith
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Q. Todd Krantz
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA
| | - Charly J. King
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA
| | - Kasey D. Kovalcik
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Christian P. Andersen
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
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10
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Zhu GR, Yan X, Zhu D, Deng X, Wu JS, Xia J, Yan YM. Lysine acetylproteome profiling under water deficit reveals key acetylated proteins involved in wheat grain development and starch biosynthesis. J Proteomics 2018; 185:8-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Liang X, Zhou JM. Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinases: Central Players in Plant Receptor Kinase-Mediated Signaling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:267-299. [PMID: 29719165 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), which lack extracellular ligand-binding domains, have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. By associating with immune RKs, RLCKs regulate multiple downstream signaling nodes to orchestrate a complex array of defense responses against microbial pathogens. RLCKs also associate with RKs that perceive brassinosteroids and signaling peptides to coordinate growth, pollen tube guidance, embryonic and stomatal patterning, floral organ abscission, and abiotic stress responses. The activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically regulated not only by RKs but also by other RLCK-associated proteins. Analyses of RLCK-associated components and substrates have suggested phosphorylation relays as a major mechanism underlying RK-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
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12
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Huang H, Gao M, Wu D, Kong Q, Zhang Y. The NLR protein SUMM2 senses the disruption of an immune signaling MAP kinase cascade via CRCK3. EMBO Rep 2016; 18:292-302. [PMID: 27986791 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP kinase signaling is an integral part of plant immunity. Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 kinase cascade results in constitutive immune responses mediated by the NLR protein SUMM2, but the molecular mechanism is so far poorly characterized. Here, we report that SUMM2 monitors a substrate protein of MPK4, CALMODULIN-BINDING RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASE 3 (CRCK3). Similar to SUMM2, CRCK3 was isolated from a suppressor screen of mkk1 mkk2 and is required for the autoimmunity phenotypes in mekk1, mkk1 mkk2, and mpk4 mutants. In wild-type plants, CRCK3 is mostly phosphorylated. MPK4 interacts with CRCK3 and can phosphorylate CRCK3 in vitro In mpk4 mutant plants, phosphorylation of CRCK3 is substantially reduced, suggesting that MPK4 phosphorylates CRCK3 in vivo Further, CRCK3 associates with SUMM2 in planta, suggesting SUMM2 senses the disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 kinase cascade through CRCK3. Our study suggests that a MAP kinase substrate is used as a guardee or decoy for monitoring the integrity of MAP kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hao Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qing Kong
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Virdi AS, Singh S, Singh P. Abiotic stress responses in plants: roles of calmodulin-regulated proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:809. [PMID: 26528296 PMCID: PMC4604306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular changes in calcium ions (Ca(2+)) in response to different biotic and abiotic stimuli are detected by various sensor proteins in the plant cell. Calmodulin (CaM) is one of the most extensively studied Ca(2+)-sensing proteins and has been shown to be involved in transduction of Ca(2+) signals. After interacting with Ca(2+), CaM undergoes conformational change and influences the activities of a diverse range of CaM-binding proteins. A number of CaM-binding proteins have also been implicated in stress responses in plants, highlighting the central role played by CaM in adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Stress adaptation in plants is a highly complex and multigenic response. Identification and characterization of CaM-modulated proteins in relation to different abiotic stresses could, therefore, prove to be essential for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Various studies have revealed involvement of CaM in regulation of metal ions uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of transcription factors such as CAMTA3, GTL1, and WRKY39. Activities of several kinases and phosphatases have also been shown to be modulated by CaM, thus providing further versatility to stress-associated signal transduction pathways. The results obtained from contemporary studies are consistent with the proposed role of CaM as an integrator of different stress signaling pathways, which allows plants to maintain homeostasis between different cellular processes. In this review, we have attempted to present the current state of understanding of the role of CaM in modulating different stress-regulated proteins and its implications in augmenting abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep S. Virdi
- Texture Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
| | - Supreet Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
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14
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Zeng H, Xu L, Singh A, Wang H, Du L, Poovaiah BW. Involvement of calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins in plant responses to abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:600. [PMID: 26322054 PMCID: PMC4532166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transient changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration have been well recognized to act as cell signals coupling various environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are major Ca(2+) sensors, playing critical roles in interpreting encrypted Ca(2+) signals. Ca(2+)-loaded CaM/CMLs interact and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins such as channels/pumps/antiporters for various ions, transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes, and proteins with unknown biochemical functions. Many of the target proteins of CaM/CMLs directly or indirectly regulate plant responses to environmental stresses. Basic information about stimulus-induced Ca(2+) signal and overview of Ca(2+) signal perception and transduction are briefly discussed in the beginning of this review. How CaM/CMLs are involved in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses are emphasized in this review. Exciting progress has been made in the past several years, such as the elucidation of Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated regulation of AtSR1/CAMTA3 and plant responses to chilling and freezing stresses, Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated regulation of CAT3, MAPK8 and MKP1 in homeostasis control of reactive oxygen species signals, discovery of CaM7 as a DNA-binding transcription factor regulating plant response to light signals. However, many key questions in Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated signaling warrant further investigation. Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated regulation of most of the known target proteins is presumed based on their interaction. The downstream targets of CMLs are mostly unknown, and how specificity of Ca(2+) signaling could be realized through the actions of CaM/CMLs and their target proteins is largely unknown. Future breakthroughs in Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated signaling will not only improve our understanding of how plants respond to environmental stresses, but also provide the knowledge base to improve stress-tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Luqin Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - B. W. Poovaiah
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
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15
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Liu J, Chen N, Grant JN, Cheng ZMM, Stewart CN, Hewezi T. Soybean kinome: functional classification and gene expression patterns. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1919-34. [PMID: 25614662 PMCID: PMC4378628 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase (PK) gene family is one of the largest and most highly conserved gene families in plants and plays a role in nearly all biological functions. While a large number of genes have been predicted to encode PKs in soybean, a comprehensive functional classification and global analysis of expression patterns of this large gene family is lacking. In this study, we identified the entire soybean PK repertoire or kinome, which comprised 2166 putative PK genes, representing 4.67% of all soybean protein-coding genes. The soybean kinome was classified into 19 groups, 81 families, and 122 subfamilies. The receptor-like kinase (RLK) group was remarkably large, containing 1418 genes. Collinearity analysis indicated that whole-genome segmental duplication events may have played a key role in the expansion of the soybean kinome, whereas tandem duplications might have contributed to the expansion of specific subfamilies. Gene structure, subcellular localization prediction, and gene expression patterns indicated extensive functional divergence of PK subfamilies. Global gene expression analysis of soybean PK subfamilies revealed tissue- and stress-specific expression patterns, implying regulatory functions over a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. In addition, tissue and stress co-expression network analysis uncovered specific subfamilies with narrow or wide interconnected relationships, indicative of their association with particular or broad signalling pathways, respectively. Taken together, our analyses provide a foundation for further functional studies to reveal the biological and molecular functions of PKs in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nana Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua N Grant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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16
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Amrine KCH, Blanco-Ulate B, Cantu D. Discovery of core biotic stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118731. [PMID: 25730421 PMCID: PMC4346582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intricate signal networks and transcriptional regulators translate the recognition of pathogens into defense responses. In this study, we carried out a gene co-expression analysis of all currently publicly available microarray data, which were generated in experiments that studied the interaction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with microbial pathogens. This work was conducted to identify (i) modules of functionally related co-expressed genes that are differentially expressed in response to multiple biotic stresses, and (ii) hub genes that may function as core regulators of disease responses. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) we constructed an undirected network leveraging a rich curated expression dataset comprising 272 microarrays that involved microbial infections of Arabidopsis plants with a wide array of fungal and bacterial pathogens with biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic lifestyles. WGCNA produced a network with scale-free and small-world properties composed of 205 distinct clusters of co-expressed genes. Modules of functionally related co-expressed genes that are differentially regulated in response to multiple pathogens were identified by integrating differential gene expression testing with functional enrichment analyses of gene ontology terms, known disease associated genes, transcriptional regulators, and cis-regulatory elements. The significance of functional enrichments was validated by comparisons with randomly generated networks. Network topology was then analyzed to identify intra- and inter-modular gene hubs. Based on high connectivity, and centrality in meta-modules that are clearly enriched in defense responses, we propose a list of 66 target genes for reverse genetic experiments to further dissect the Arabidopsis immune system. Our results show that statistical-based data trimming prior to network analysis allows the integration of expression datasets generated by different groups, under different experimental conditions and biological systems, into a functionally meaningful co-expression network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. H. Amrine
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Blanco-Ulate
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Hartmann J, Fischer C, Dietrich P, Sauter M. Kinase activity and calmodulin binding are essential for growth signaling by the phytosulfokine receptor PSKR1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:192-202. [PMID: 24495073 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell growth-promoting peptide phytosulfokine (PSK) is perceived by leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases. To elucidate PSK receptor function we analyzed PSKR1 kinase activity and binding to Ca(2+) sensors and evaluated the contribution of these activities to growth control in planta. Ectopically expressed PSKR1 was capable of auto- and transphosphorylation. Replacement of a conserved lysine within the ATP-binding region by a glutamate resulted in the inhibition of auto- and transphosphorylation kinase activities. Expression of the kinase-inactive PSKR1(K762E) receptor in the pskr null background did not restore root or shoot growth. Instead, the mutant phenotype was enhanced suggesting that the inactive receptor protein exerts growth-inhibitory activity. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a putative calmodulin (CaM)-binding site within PSKR1 kinase subdomain VIa. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis demonstrated that PSKR1 binds to all isoforms of CaM, more weakly to the CaM-like protein CML8 but apparently not to CML9. Mutation of a conserved tryptophan (W831S) within the predicted CaM-binding site strongly reduced CaM binding. Expression of PSKR1(W831S) in the pskr null background resulted in growth inhibition that was similar to that of the kinase-inactive receptor. We conclude that PSK signaling requires Ca(2+) /CaM binding and kinase activity of PSKR1 in planta. We further propose that the inactivated kinase interferes with other growth-promoting signaling pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hartmann
- Entwicklungsbiologie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel, 24118, Germany
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18
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Sun M, Sun X, Zhao Y, Zhao C, DuanMu H, Yu Y, Ji W, Zhu Y. Ectopic expression of GsPPCK3 and SCMRP in Medicago sativa enhances plant alkaline stress tolerance and methionine content. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89578. [PMID: 24586886 PMCID: PMC3934933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, it has been suggested that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) and PEPC kinases (PPCKs) fulfill several important non-photosynthetic functions. However, the biological functions of soybean PPCKs, especially in alkali stress response, are not yet well known. In previous studies, we constructed a Glycine soja transcriptional profile, and identified three PPCK genes (GsPPCK1, GsPPCK2 and GsPPCK3) as potential alkali stress responsive genes. In this study, we confirmed the induced expression of GsPPCK3 under alkali stress and investigated its tissue expression specificity by using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Then we ectopically expressed GsPPCK3 in Medicago sativa and found that GsPPCK3 overexpression improved plant alkali tolerance, as evidenced by lower levels of relative ion leakage and MDA content and higher levels of chlorophyll content and root activity. In this respect, we further co-transformed the GsPPCK3 and SCMRP genes into alfalfa, and demonstrated the increased alkali tolerance of GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic lines. Further investigation revealed that GsPPCK3-SCMRP co-overexpression promoted the PEPC activity, net photosynthetic rate and citric acid content of transgenic alfalfa under alkali stress. Moreover, we also observed the up-regulated expression of PEPC, CS (citrate synthase), H+-ATPase and NADP-ME genes in GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic alfalfa under alkali stress. As expected, we demonstrated that GsPPCK3-SCMRP transgenic lines displayed higher methionine content than wild type alfalfa. Taken together, results presented in this study supported the positive role of GsPPCK3 in plant response to alkali stress, and provided an effective way to simultaneously improve plant alkaline tolerance and methionine content, at least in legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Huizi DuanMu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Guo L, Guo C, Li M, Wang W, Luo C, Zhang Y, Chen L. Suppression of expression of the putative receptor-like kinase gene NRRB enhances resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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21
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Poovaiah B, Du L, Wang H, Yang T. Recent advances in calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling with an emphasis on plant-microbe interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:531-42. [PMID: 24014576 PMCID: PMC3793035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling contributes in diverse roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huizhong Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
| | - Tianbao Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
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22
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Bai X, Liu J, Tang L, Cai H, Chen M, Ji W, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Overexpression of GsCBRLK from Glycine soja enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:1048-1056. [PMID: 32481172 DOI: 10.1071/fp12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
GsCBRLK encodes a novel plant-specific calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase from Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. In our previous study, GsCBRLK was found to be a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. In this study we transformed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with GsCBRLK to assess whether forage legumes overexpressing GsCBRLK adapt to saline soils. Results showed that transgenic alfalfa plants overexpressing GsCBRLK exhibited enhanced salt tolerance. Transgenic alfalfa grew well in the presence of 300mM NaCl for 15 days, whereas wild-type (WT) plants exhibited severe chlorosis and growth retardation. Although transgenic alfalfa grew slowly and even had yellow leaves under the 400mM NaCl treatment, most of the WT plants exhibited more severe chlorosis and did not survive. In addition, samples from transgenic and WT plants treated with 300mM NaCl for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days were selected for physiological analysis. Lower membrane leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were observed in transgenic alfalfa compared with WT plants during salt treatment. The reduction of chlorophyll content in transgenic alfalfa was less than that in WT plants. Furthermore, the plants that overexpressed GsCBRLK showed enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, less of a Na+ increase, and a greater K+ decrease than WT plants. These results indicated that the overexpression of GsCBRLK confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Bai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Tang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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23
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Sun X, Sun M, Luo X, Ding X, Ji W, Cai H, Bai X, Liu X, Zhu Y. A Glycine soja ABA-responsive receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, GsRLCK, positively controls plant tolerance to salt and drought stresses. PLANTA 2013; 237:1527-45. [PMID: 23494614 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Receptor such as protein kinases are proposed to work as sensors to initiate signaling cascades in higher plants. However, little is known about the precise functions of receptor such as protein kinases in abiotic stress response in plants, especially in wild soybean. Here, we focused on characterization of the biological functions of a receptor-like cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase gene, GsRLCK, which was previously identified as a putative salt-alkali stress-related gene from the transcriptome profiles of Glycine soja. Bioinformatic analysis showed that GsRLCK protein contained a conserved kinase catalytic domain and two transmembrane domains at the N-terminus, but no typical extracellular domain. Consistently, GsRLCK-eGFP fusion protein was observed on the plasma membrane, but eGFP alone was distributing throughout the cytoplasm in onion epidermal cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the induced expression of GsRLCK by ABA, salt, alkali, and drought stresses. However, the expression levels of GsRLCK seemed to be similar in different tissues, except soybean pod. Phenotypic assays demonstrated that GsRLCK overexpression decreased ABA sensitivity and altered expression levels of ABA-responsive genes. Furthermore, we also found that GsRLCK conferred increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses and increased expression levels of a handful of stress-responsive genes, when overexpressing in Arabidopsis. In a word, we gave exact evidence that GsRLCK was a novel receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase and played a crucial role in plant responses to ABA, salt, and drought stresses.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/drug effects
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Droughts
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Germination/drug effects
- Germination/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plant Epidermis/cytology
- Plant Epidermis/drug effects
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Salinity
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Glycine max/drug effects
- Glycine max/enzymology
- Glycine max/genetics
- Glycine max/physiology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLi Sun
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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24
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Sun XL, Yu QY, Tang LL, Ji W, Bai X, Cai H, Liu XF, Ding XD, Zhu YM. GsSRK, a G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase, is a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:505-15. [PMID: 23276523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) play vital roles in sensing outside signals, yet little is known about RLKs functions and roles in stress signal perception and transduction in plants, especially in wild soybean. Through the microarray analysis, GsSRK was identified as an alkaline (NaHCO3)-responsive gene, and was subsequently isolated from Glycine soja by homologous cloning. GsSRK encodes a 93.22kDa protein with a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain, a G-type lectin region, and an S-locus region. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of GsSRK were largely induced by ABA, salt, and drought stresses. Over expression of GsSRK in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination, as well as primary root and rosette leaf growth during the early stages of salt stress. Compared to the wild type Arabidopsis, GsSRK overexpressors exhibited enhanced salt tolerance and higher yields under salt stress, with higher chlorophyll content, lower ion leakage, higher plant height, and more siliques at the adult developmental stage. Our studies suggest that GsSRK plays a crucial role in plant response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Sun
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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25
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Osakabe Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Sensing the environment: key roles of membrane-localized kinases in plant perception and response to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:445-58. [PMID: 23307915 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions have negative effects on plant growth and development. Receptor proteins on the plasma membrane sense various environmental stimuli and transduce them to downstream intra- and intercellular signalling networks. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play important roles in perceiving the extracellular ligands and activating the downstream pathway via phosphorylation of intracellular serine/threonine kinase domains. The Arabidopsis genome possesses >600 RLK-encoding genes, some of which are implicated in the perception of environmental signals during the life cycle of the sessile plants. Histidine kinases are also membrane-localized kinases and perceive osmotic stress and plant hormones. In this review, we focus on the RLKs and histidine kinases that play a role in plant response to abiotic stresses. We summarize our recent understanding of their specific roles in stress responses and absicisic acid (ABA) regulation. Elucidation of the functions of these kinases in the osmotic stress response will provide a better understanding of stress-sensing mechanisms in plants and help to identify potential candidate genes for genetic engineering of improved stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Osakabe
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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26
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Mayank P, Grossman J, Wuest S, Boisson-Dernier A, Roschitzki B, Nanni P, Nühse T, Grossniklaus U. Characterization of the phosphoproteome of mature Arabidopsis pollen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 22631563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05061.x [epub ahead of print]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful pollination depends on cell-cell communication and rapid cellular responses. In Arabidopsis, the pollen grain lands on a dry stigma, where it hydrates, germinates and grows a pollen tube that delivers the sperm cells to the female gametophyte to effect double fertilization. Various studies have emphasized that a mature, dehydrated pollen grain contains all the transcripts and proteins required for germination and initial pollen tube growth. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of post-translational modifications (here phosphorylation), through which many processes induced by pollination are probably controlled. We report here a phosphoproteomic study conducted on mature Arabidopsis pollen grains with the aim of identifying potential targets of phosphorylation. Using three enrichment chromatographies, a broad coverage of pollen phosphoproteins with 962 phosphorylated peptides corresponding to 598 phosphoproteins was obtained. Additionally, 609 confirmed phosphorylation sites were successfully mapped. Two hundred and seven of 240 phosphoproteins that were absent from the PhosPhAt database containing the empirical Arabidopsis phosphoproteome showed highly enriched expression in pollen. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these 240 phosphoproteins shows an over-representation of GO categories crucial for pollen tube growth, suggesting that phosphorylation regulates later processes of pollen development. Moreover, motif analyses of pollen phosphopeptides showed an over-representation of motifs specific for Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and binding motifs for 14-3-3 proteins. Lastly, one tyrosine phosphorylation site was identified, validating the TDY dual phosphorylation motif of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK8/MPK15). This study provides a solid basis to further explore the role of phosphorylation during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pururawa Mayank
- Centre for Model Organism Proteomes, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Mayank P, Grossman J, Wuest S, Boisson-Dernier A, Roschitzki B, Nanni P, Nühse T, Grossniklaus U. Characterization of the phosphoproteome of mature Arabidopsis pollen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:89-101. [PMID: 22631563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Successful pollination depends on cell-cell communication and rapid cellular responses. In Arabidopsis, the pollen grain lands on a dry stigma, where it hydrates, germinates and grows a pollen tube that delivers the sperm cells to the female gametophyte to effect double fertilization. Various studies have emphasized that a mature, dehydrated pollen grain contains all the transcripts and proteins required for germination and initial pollen tube growth. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of post-translational modifications (here phosphorylation), through which many processes induced by pollination are probably controlled. We report here a phosphoproteomic study conducted on mature Arabidopsis pollen grains with the aim of identifying potential targets of phosphorylation. Using three enrichment chromatographies, a broad coverage of pollen phosphoproteins with 962 phosphorylated peptides corresponding to 598 phosphoproteins was obtained. Additionally, 609 confirmed phosphorylation sites were successfully mapped. Two hundred and seven of 240 phosphoproteins that were absent from the PhosPhAt database containing the empirical Arabidopsis phosphoproteome showed highly enriched expression in pollen. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these 240 phosphoproteins shows an over-representation of GO categories crucial for pollen tube growth, suggesting that phosphorylation regulates later processes of pollen development. Moreover, motif analyses of pollen phosphopeptides showed an over-representation of motifs specific for Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and binding motifs for 14-3-3 proteins. Lastly, one tyrosine phosphorylation site was identified, validating the TDY dual phosphorylation motif of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK8/MPK15). This study provides a solid basis to further explore the role of phosphorylation during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pururawa Mayank
- Centre for Model Organism Proteomes, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Xu XH, Chen H, Sang YL, Wang F, Ma JP, Gao XQ, Zhang XS. Identification of genes specifically or preferentially expressed in maize silk reveals similarity and diversity in transcript abundance of different dry stigmas. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:294. [PMID: 22748054 PMCID: PMC3416702 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, pollination is a critical step in reproduction. During pollination, constant communication between male pollen and the female stigma is required for pollen adhesion, germination, and tube growth. The detailed mechanisms of stigma-mediated reproductive processes, however, remain largely unknown. Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the world's most important crops, has been extensively used as a model species to study molecular mechanisms of pollen and stigma interaction. A comprehensive analysis of maize silk transcriptome may provide valuable information for investigating stigma functionality. A comparative analysis of expression profiles between maize silk and dry stigmas of other species might reveal conserved and diverse mechanisms that underlie stigma-mediated reproductive processes in various plant species. RESULTS Transcript abundance profiles of mature silk, mature pollen, mature ovary, and seedling were investigated using RNA-seq. By comparing the transcriptomes of these tissues, we identified 1,427 genes specifically or preferentially expressed in maize silk. Bioinformatic analyses of these genes revealed many genes with known functions in plant reproduction as well as novel candidate genes that encode amino acid transporters, peptide and oligopeptide transporters, and cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. In addition, comparison of gene sets specifically or preferentially expressed in stigmas of maize, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh.) identified a number of homologous genes involved either in pollen adhesion, hydration, and germination or in initial growth and penetration of pollen tubes into the stigma surface. The comparison also indicated that maize shares a more similar profile and larger number of conserved genes with rice than with Arabidopsis, and that amino acid and lipid transport-related genes are distinctively overrepresented in maize. CONCLUSIONS Many of the novel genes uncovered in this study are potentially involved in stigma-mediated reproductive processes, including genes encoding amino acid transporters, peptide and oligopeptide transporters, and cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. The data also suggest that dry stigmas share similar mechanisms at early stages of pollen-stigma interaction. Compared with Arabidopsis, maize and rice appear to have more conserved functional mechanisms. Genes involved in amino acid and lipid transport may be responsible for mechanisms in the reproductive process that are unique to maize silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Lin Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Xi J, Qiu Y, Du L, Poovaiah BW. Plant-specific trihelix transcription factor AtGT2L interacts with calcium/calmodulin and responds to cold and salt stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:274-80. [PMID: 22325890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
GT factors are a family of plant-specific transcription factors with conserved trihelix DNA-binding domains that bind GT elements. By screening a cDNA expression library with (35)S-labeled recombinant calmodulin (CaM), we identified AtGT2L, a classic member of GT-2 subfamily, as a Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding protein. AtGT2L specifically targets the nucleus and possesses both transcriptional activation and DNA-binding abilities, implicating its function as a nuclear transcription factor. The CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) of AtGT2L is embedded in its C-terminal DNA-binding domain, but the in vitro DNA-binding ability of AtGT2L was not affected by its interaction with CaM. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments further revealed that Met(506) and Leu(507) in the CaMBD are critical for both CaM- and DNA-binding abilities of AtGT2L. Northern blot analysis showed that AtGT2L mRNA levels are higher in old rosette leaves, cauline leaves and flowers than in other organs. In addition, the expression of AtGT2L was responsive to cold, NaCl and abscisic acid treatments. Furthermore, both basal and chilling/NaCl-induced expressions of the cold- and salt-inducible marker genes RD29A and ERD10 were higher in plants overexpressing AtGT2L than those in wild-type plants. Thus, our data indicate that AtGT2L is a Ca(2+)/CaM-binding nuclear transcription factor involved in plant responses to cold and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xi
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
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Yang L, Ji W, Gao P, Li Y, Cai H, Bai X, Chen Q, Zhu Y. GsAPK, an ABA-activated and calcium-independent SnRK2-type kinase from G. soja, mediates the regulation of plant tolerance to salinity and ABA stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33838. [PMID: 22439004 PMCID: PMC3306294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant Snf1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1) related protein kinase (SnRK), a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases, has been implicated as a crucial upstream regulator of ABA and osmotic signaling as in many other signaling cascades. In this paper, we have isolated a novel plant specific ABA activated calcium independent protein kinase (GsAPK) from a highly salt tolerant plant, Glycine soja (50109), which is a member of the SnRK2 family. Subcellular localization studies using GFP fusion protein indicated that GsAPK is localized in the plasma membrane. We found that autophosphorylation and Myelin Basis Protein phosphorylation activity of GsAPK is only activated by ABA and the kinase activity also was observed when calcium was replaced by EGTA, suggesting its independence of calcium in enzyme activity. We also found that cold, salinity, drought, and ABA stress alter GsAPK gene transcripts and heterogonous overexpression of GsAPK in Arabidopsis alters plant tolerance to high salinity and ABA stress. In summary, we demonstrated that GsAPK is a Glycine soja ABA activated calcium independent SnRK-type kinase presumably involved in ABA mediated stress signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Analysis of calcium signaling pathways in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:1283-93. [PMID: 22061997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium serves as a versatile messenger in many adaptation and developmental processes in plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific spatially and temporally defined Ca2+ signatures. These Ca2+ signatures are detected, decoded and transmitted to downstream responses by a complex toolkit of Ca2+ binding proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will reflect on advancements in monitoring Ca2+ dynamics in plants. Moreover, it will provide insights in the extensive and complex toolkit of plant Ca2+ sensor proteins that relay the information presented in the Ca2+ signatures into phosphorylation events, changes in protein-protein interaction or regulation of gene expression. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Plants' response to signals is encoded by different Ca2+ signatures. The plant decoding Ca2+ toolkit encompasses different families of Ca2+ sensors like Calmodulins (CaM), Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting kinases (CIPKs). These Ca2+ sensors are encoded by complex gene families and form intricate signaling networks in plants that enable specific, robust and flexible information processing. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provides new insights about the biochemical regulation, physiological functions and of newly identified target proteins of the major plant Ca2+ sensor families. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemical, biophysical and genetic approaches to intracellular calcium signaling.
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Giri J, Vij S, Dansana PK, Tyagi AK. Rice A20/AN1 zinc-finger containing stress-associated proteins (SAP1/11) and a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (OsRLCK253) interact via A20 zinc-finger and confer abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:721-732. [PMID: 21534973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
• The inbuilt mechanisms of plant survival have been exploited for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs), containing A20/AN1 zinc-finger domains, confer abiotic stress tolerance in different plants, however, their interacting partners and downstream targets remain to be identified. • In this study, we have investigated the subcellular interactions of rice SAPs and their interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approaches. Their efficacy in improving abiotic stress tolerance was analysed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Regulation of gene expression by genome-wide microarray in transgenics was used to identify downstream targets. • It was found that the A20 domain mediates the interaction of OsSAP1 with self, its close homolog OsSAP11 and a rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, OsRLCK253. Such interactions between OsSAP1/11 and with OsRLCK253 occur at nuclear membrane, plasma membrane and in nucleus. Functionally, both OsSAP11 and OsRLCK253 could improve the water-deficit and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants via a signaling pathway affecting the expression of several common endogenous genes. • Components of a novel stress-responsive pathway have been identified. Their stress-inducible expression provided the protection against yield loss in transgenic plants, indicating the agronomic relevance of OsSAP11 and OsRLCK253 in conferring abiotic stress tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Droughts
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Germination/physiology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Onions/genetics
- Onions/metabolism
- Oryza/genetics
- Oryza/physiology
- Oryza/ultrastructure
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/ultrastructure
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Salt Tolerance
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Transcriptome
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Giri
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shubha Vij
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Prasant K Dansana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
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Andleeb S, Amin I, Bashir A, Briddon RW, Mansoor S. Transient expression of βC1 protein differentially regulates host genes related to stress response, chloroplast and mitochondrial functions. Virol J 2010; 7:373. [PMID: 21192819 PMCID: PMC3024232 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are emerging plant pathogens that infect a wide variety of crops including cotton, cassava, vegetables, ornamental plants and cereals. The geminivirus disease complex consists of monopartite begomoviruses that require betasatellites for the expression of disease symptoms. These complexes are widespread throughout the Old World and cause economically important diseases on several crops. A single protein encoded by betasatellites, termed βC1, is a suppressor of gene silencing, inducer of disease symptoms and is possibly involved in virus movement. Studies of the interaction of βC1 with hosts can provide useful insight into virus-host interactions and aid in the development of novel control strategies. We have used the differential display technique to isolate host genes which are differentially regulated upon transient expression of the βC1 protein of chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) in Nicotiana tabacum. RESULTS Through differential display analysis, eight genes were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum, at two and four days after infiltration with βC1 of ChLCB, expressed under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Cloning and sequence analysis of differentially amplified products suggested that these genes were involved in ATP synthesis, and acted as electron carriers for respiration and photosynthesis processes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) play an important role in plant growth and development, cell protection, defence processes, replication mechanisms and detoxification responses. Kegg orthology based annotation system analysis of these DEGs demonstrated that one of the genes, coding for polynucleotide nucleotidyl transferase, is involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways and is an RNA binding protein which is involved in RNA degradation. CONCLUSION βC1 differentially regulated genes are mostly involved in chloroplast and mitochondrial functions. βC1 also increases the expression of those genes which are involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. This information gives a new insight into the interaction of βC1 with the host and can be used to understand host-virus interactions in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Andleeb
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Bashir
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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DeFalco TA, Chiasson D, Munro K, Kaiser BN, Snedden WA. Characterization of GmCaMK1, a member of a soybean calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase family. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4717-24. [PMID: 21056039 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin(CaM)-regulated protein phosphorylation forms an important component of Ca(2+) signaling in animals but is less understood in plants. We have identified a CaM-binding receptor-like kinase from soybean nodules, GmCaMK1, a homolog of Arabidopsis CRLK1. We delineated the CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) of GmCaMK1 to a 24-residue region near the C-terminus, which overlaps with the kinase domain. We have demonstrated that GmCaMK1 binds CaM with high affinity in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We showed that GmCaMK1 is expressed broadly across tissues and is enriched in roots and developing nodules. Finally, we examined the CaMBDs of the five-member GmCaMK family in soybean, and orthologs present across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A DeFalco
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Oikawa A, Joshi HJ, Rennie EA, Ebert B, Manisseri C, Heazlewood JL, Scheller HV. An integrative approach to the identification of Arabidopsis and rice genes involved in xylan and secondary wall development. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15481. [PMID: 21124849 PMCID: PMC2990762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylans constitute the major non-cellulosic component of plant biomass. Xylan biosynthesis is particularly pronounced in cells with secondary walls, implying that the synthesis network consists of a set of highly expressed genes in such cells. To improve the understanding of xylan biosynthesis, we performed a comparative analysis of co-expression networks between Arabidopsis and rice as reference species with different wall types. Many co-expressed genes were represented by orthologs in both species, which implies common biological features, while some gene families were only found in one of the species, and therefore likely to be related to differences in their cell walls. To predict the subcellular location of the identified proteins, we developed a new method, PFANTOM (plant protein family information-based predictor for endomembrane), which was shown to perform better for proteins in the endomembrane system than other available prediction methods. Based on the combined approach of co-expression and predicted cellular localization, we propose a model for Arabidopsis and rice xylan synthesis in the Golgi apparatus and signaling from plasma membrane to nucleus for secondary cell wall differentiation. As an experimental validation of the model, we show that an Arabidopsis mutant in the PGSIP1 gene encoding one of the Golgi localized candidate proteins has a highly decreased content of glucuronic acid in secondary cell walls and substantially reduced xylan glucuronosyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Oikawa
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
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36
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Xu S. Abscisic acid activates a Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase involved in antioxidant defense in maize leaves. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:646-55. [PMID: 20702465 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of a calcium-dependent and calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated protein kinase in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense was determined in leaves of maize (Zea mays). In-gel kinase assays showed that treatments with ABA or H(2)O(2) induced the activation of a 49-kDa protein kinase and a 52-kDa protein kinase significantly. Furthermore, we showed that the 52-kDa protein kinase has the characteristics of CaM-stimulating activity and is sensitive to calcium-CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) inhibitor KN-93 or CaM antagonist W-7. Treatments with ABA or H(2)O(2) not only induced the activation of the 52-kDa protein kinase, but also enhanced the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Such enhancements were blocked by pretreatment with a CaMK inhibitor and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor or scavenger. Pretreatment with the CaMK inhibitor also substantially arrested the ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production. Kinase activity enhancements induced by ABA were attenuated by pretreatment with an ROS inhibitor or scavenger. These results suggest that the 52-kDa CaMK is involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and that cross-talk between CaMK and H(2)O(2) plays a pivotal role in ABA signaling. We infer that CaMK acts both upstream and downstream of H(2)O(2), but mainly acts between ABA and H(2)O(2) in ABA-induced antioxidant-defensive signaling.
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37
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Winfield MO, Lu C, Wilson ID, Coghill JA, Edwards KJ. Plant responses to cold: Transcriptome analysis of wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2010; 8:749-71. [PMID: 20561247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and light are important environmental stimuli that have a profound influence on the growth and development of plants. Wheat varieties can be divided on the basis of whether they require an extended period of cold to flower (vernalization). Varieties that have a requirement for vernalization also tend to be winter hardy and are able to withstand quite extreme subzero temperatures. This capacity, however, is not constitutive and plants require a period of exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures to acquire freezing tolerance: this process is referred to as cold acclimation. Cold acclimation and the acquisition of freezing tolerance require the orchestration of many different, seemingly disparate physiological and biochemical changes. These changes are, at least in part, mediated through the differential expression of many genes. Some of these genes code for effector molecules that participate directly to alleviate stress. Others code for proteins involved in signal transduction or transcription factors that control the expression of further banks of genes. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the main features of cold acclimation with particular focus on transcriptome reprogramming. In doing so, we highlight some of the important differences between cold-hardy and cold-sensitive varieties. An understanding of these processes is of great potential importance because cold and freezing stress are major limiting factors for growing crop plants and periodically account for significant losses in plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Winfield
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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38
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Yang T, Shad Ali G, Yang L, Du L, Reddy ASN, Poovaiah BW. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase CRLK1 interacts with MEKK1 in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:991-4. [PMID: 20724845 PMCID: PMC3115177 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.8.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported that CRLK1, a novel calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase plays an important role in regulating plant cold tolerance. Calcium/calmodulin binds to CRLK1 and upregulates its activity. Gene knockout and complementation studies revealed that CRLK1 is a positive regulator of plant response to chilling and freezing temperatures. Here we show that MEKK1, a member of MAP kinase kinase kinase family, interacts with CRLK1 both in vitro and in planta. The cold triggered MAP kinase activation in wild-type plants was abolished in crlk1 knockout mutants. Similarly, the cold induced expression levels of genes involved in MAP kinase signaling are also altered in crlk1 mutants. These results suggest that calcium/calmodulin-regulated CRLK1 modulates cold acclimation through MAP kinase cascade in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Yang L, Ji W, Zhu Y, Gao P, Li Y, Cai H, Bai X, Guo D. GsCBRLK, a calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase, is a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt and ABA stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:2519-33. [PMID: 20400529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases play vital roles in protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes, yet little is known about the phosphorylation process of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and its role in stress signal transduction in plants. A novel plant-specific calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase (GsCBRLK) has been isolated from Glycine soja. A subcellular localization study using GFP fusion protein indicated that GsCBRLK is localized in the plasma membrane. Binding assays demonstrated that calmodulin binds to GsCBRLK with an affinity of 25.9 nM in a calcium-dependent manner and the binding motif lies between amino acids 147 to169 within subdomain II of the kinase domain. GsCBRLK undergoes autophosphorylation and Myelin Basis Protein phosphorylation in the presence of calcium. It was also found that calcium/calmodulin positively regulates GsCBRLK kinase activity through direct interaction between the calmodulin-binding domain and calmodulin. So, it is likely that GsCBRLK responds to an environmental stimulus in two ways: by increasing the protein expression level and by regulating its kinase activity through the calcium/calmodulin complex. Furthermore, cold, salinity, drought, and ABA stress induce GsCBRLK gene transcripts. Over-expression of GsCBRLK in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced plant tolerance to high salinity and ABA and increased the expression pattern of a number of stress gene markers in response to ABA and high salt. These results identify GsCBRLK as a molecular link between the stress- and ABA-induced calcium/calmodulin signal and gene expression in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Yang T, Chaudhuri S, Yang L, Du L, Poovaiah BW. A calcium/calmodulin-regulated member of the receptor-like kinase family confers cold tolerance in plants. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7119-26. [PMID: 20026608 PMCID: PMC2844161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.035659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold is a limiting environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling is believed to play a pivotal role in plant response to cold stress, but its exact role is not clearly understood. Here, we report that CRLK1, a novel calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase, is crucial for cold tolerance in plants. CRLK1 has two calmodulin-binding sites with different affinities as follows: one located at residues 369-390 with a K(d) of 25 nm, and the other located at residues 28-112 with a K(d) of 160 nm. Calcium/calmodulin stimulated the kinase activity, but the addition of chlorpromazine, a calmodulin antagonist, blocked its stimulation. CRLK1 is mainly localized in the plasma membrane, and its expression is stimulated by cold and hydrogen peroxide treatments. Under normal growth conditions, there is no noticeable phenotypic difference between wild-type and crlk1 knock-out mutant plants. However, as compared with wild-type plants, the crlk1 knock-out mutants exhibited an increased sensitivity to chilling and freezing temperatures. Northern analysis showed that the induction of cold-responsive genes, including CBF1, RD29A, COR15a, and KIN1 in crlk1 mutants, is delayed as compared with wild-type plants. These results indicate that CRLK1 is a positive regulator of cold tolerance in plants. Furthermore, our results suggest that CRLK1 plays a role in bridging calcium/calmodulin signaling and cold signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- From the Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6414
| | - Shubho Chaudhuri
- From the Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6414
| | - Lihua Yang
- From the Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6414
| | - Liqun Du
- From the Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6414
| | - B. W. Poovaiah
- From the Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6414
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41
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Gou X, Yuan T, Wei X, Russell SD. Gene expression in the dimorphic sperm cells of Plumbago zeylanica: transcript profiling, diversity, and relationship to cell type. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 60:33-47. [PMID: 19500307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plumbago zeylanica produces cytoplasmically dimorphic sperm cells that target the egg and central cell during fertilization. In mature pollen, the larger sperm cell contains numerous mitochondria, is associated with the vegetative nucleus (S(vn)), and fuses preferentially with the central cell, forming endosperm. The other, plastid-enriched sperm cell (S(ua)) fuses with the egg cell, forming the zygote and embryo. Sperm expressed genes were investigated using ESTs produced from each sperm type; differential expression was validated through suppression subtractive hybridization, custom microarrays, real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The expression profiles of dimorphic sperm cells reflect a diverse and broad complement of genes, including high proportions of conserved and unknown genes, as well as distinct patterns of expression. A number of genes were highly up-regulated in the male germ line, including some genes that were differentially expressed in either the S(ua) or the S(vn). Differentially up-regulated genes in the egg-targeted S(ua) showed increased expression in transcription and translation categories, whereas the central cell-targeted S(vn) displayed expanded expression in the hormone biosynthesis category. Interestingly, the up-regulated genes expressed in the sperm cells appeared to reflect the expected post-fusion profiles of the future embryo and endosperm. As sperm cytoplasm is known to be transmitted during fertilization in this plant, sperm-contributed mRNAs are probably transported during fertilization, which could influence early embryo and endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Gou
- Department of Botany, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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42
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Maestrini P, Cavallini A, Rizzo M, Giordani T, Bernardi R, Durante M, Natali L. Isolation and expression analysis of low temperature-induced genes in white poplar (Populus alba). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 166:1544-56. [PMID: 19464753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Poplar is an important crop and a model system to understand molecular processes of growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli in trees. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in white poplar (Populus alba) plants subjected to chilling. Two forward suppression-subtractive-hybridization libraries were constructed from P. alba plants exposed to low non-freezing temperature for 6 or 48h. Hundred and sixty-two cDNAs, 54 from the 6-h library and 108 from the 48-h library, were obtained. Isolated genes belonged to six categories of genes, specifically those that: (i) encode stress and defense proteins; (ii) are involved in signal transduction; (iii) are related to regulation of gene expression; (iv) encode proteins involved in cell cycle and DNA processing; (v) encode proteins involved in metabolism and energetic processes; and (vi) are involved in protein fate. Different expression patterns at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48h at 4 degrees C and after a recovery of 24h at 20 degrees C were observed for isolated genes, as expected according to the class in which the gene putatively belongs. Forty-four of 162 genes contained DRE/LTRE cis-elements in the 5' proximal promoter of their orthologs in Populus trichocarpa, suggesting that they putatively belong to the CBF regulon. The results contribute new data to the list of possible candidate genes involved in cold response in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Maestrini
- Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie della Università, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Release of proteins: Insights into oxidative response of Taxus cuspidata cells induced by shear stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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An S-locus receptor-like kinase in plasma membrane interacts with calmodulin in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2008; 583:36-42. [PMID: 19071125 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-regulated protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in amplifying and diversifying the action of calcium ion. In this study, we identified a calmodulin-binding receptor-like protein kinase (CBRLK1) that was classified into an S-locus RLK family. The plasma membrane localization was determined by the localization of CBRLK1 tagged with a green fluorescence protein. Calmodulin bound specifically to a Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin binding domain in the C-terminus of CBRLK1. The bacterially expressed CBRLK1 kinase domain could autophosphorylate and phosphorylates general kinase substrates, such as myelin basic proteins. The autophosphorylation sites of CBRLK1 were identified by mass spectrometric analysis of phosphopeptides.
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Vij S, Giri J, Dansana PK, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (OsRLCK) gene family in rice: organization, phylogenetic relationship, and expression during development and stress. MOLECULAR PLANT 2008; 1:732-50. [PMID: 19825577 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) in plants belong to the super family of receptor-like kinases (RLKs). These proteins show homology to RLKs in kinase domain but lack the transmembrane domain. Some of the functionally characterized RLCKs from plants have been shown to play roles in development and stress responses. Previously, 149 and 187 RLCK encoding genes were identified from Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. By using HMM-based domain structure and phylogenetic relationships, we have identified 379 OsRLCKs from rice. OsRLCKs are distributed on all 12 chromosomes of rice and some members are located on duplicated chromosomal segments. Several OsRLCKs probably also undergo alternative splicing, some having evidence only in the form of gene models. To understand their possible functions, expression patterns during landmark stages of vegetative and reproductive development as well as abiotic and biotic stress using microarray and MPSS-based data were analyzed. Real-time PCR-based expression profiling for a selected few genes confirmed the outcome of microarray analysis. Differential expression patterns observed for majority of OsRLCKs during development and stress suggest their involvement in diverse functions in rice. Majority of the stress-responsive OsRLCKs were also found to be localized within mapped regions of abiotic stress QTLs. Outcome of this study would help in selecting organ/development stage specific OsRLCK genes/targets for functional validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Vij
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Wang Y, Chiu JF, He QY. Isolation of cytoplasmatic proteins from cultured cells for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 425:101-12. [PMID: 18369890 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-210-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasma is the cell interior place between the cellular membrane and the nucleus, where various intracellular activities take place, including energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, heme synthesis, nitrogen and lipid metabolism, phosphorylation in signal transduction, and cytoskeletal meshwork construction. The rich cytoplasmatic proteins carrying out these intracellular functions are interesting targets for biochemical and molecular biological studies. The relatively recent discipline of proteomics offers a chance to globally analyze the changes in cytoplasmic proteins corresponding to drug treatments or disease conditions, and thus provide target candidates for further biological validation in drug development and biomarker discovery. Isolation of cytoplasmic proteins from cells is a necessary step for high resolution protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and specific proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Popescu SC, Snyder M, Dinesh-Kumar S. Arabidopsis protein microarrays for the high-throughput identification of protein-protein interactions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:416-20. [PMID: 19704619 PMCID: PMC2634232 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.5.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarray technology has emerged as a powerful new approach for the study of thousands of proteins simultaneously. Protein microarrays have been used for a wide variety of applications for the human and yeast systems. In a recent study, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis functional protein microarrays can be generated and employed to characterize the function of plant proteins. The arrayed proteins were produced using an optimized large-scale plant-based expression system. In a proof-of concept study, 173 known and novel potential substrates of calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML) were identified in an unbiased and high-throughput manner. The information documented here on novel potential CaM targets provides new testable hypotheses in the area of CaM/Ca(2+)-regulated processes and represents a resource of functional information for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina C Popescu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; Yale University; New Haven, Connecticut USA
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Monroy AF, Dryanova A, Malette B, Oren DH, Ridha Farajalla M, Liu W, Danyluk J, Ubayasena LWC, Kane K, Scoles GJ, Sarhan F, Gulick PJ. Regulatory gene candidates and gene expression analysis of cold acclimation in winter and spring wheat. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:409-23. [PMID: 17437064 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Freezing tolerance in plants develops through acclimation to cold by growth at low, above-freezing temperatures. Wheat is one of the most freezing-tolerant plants among major crop species and the wide range of freezing tolerance among wheat cultivars makes it an excellent model for investigation of the genetic basis of cold tolerance. Large numbers of genes are known to have altered levels of expression during the period of cold acclimation and there is keen interest in deciphering the signaling and regulatory pathways that control the changes in gene expression associated with acquired freezing tolerance. A 5740 feature cDNA amplicon microarray that was enriched for signal transduction and regulatory genes was constructed to compare changes in gene expression in a highly cold-tolerant winter wheat cultivar CDC Clair and a less tolerant spring cultivar, Quantum. Changes in gene expression over a time course of 14 days detected over 450 genes that were regulated by cold treatment and were differentially regulated between spring and winter cultivars, of these 130 are signaling or regulatory gene candidates, including: transcription factors, protein kinases, ubiquitin ligases and GTP, RNA and calcium binding proteins. Dynamic changes in transcript levels were seen at all periods of cold acclimation in both cultivars. There was an initial burst of gene activity detectable during the first day of CA, during which 90% of all genes with increases in transcript levels became clearly detectable and early expression differential between the two cultivars became more disparate with each successive period of cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Monroy
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6
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Popescu SC, Popescu GV, Bachan S, Zhang Z, Seay M, Gerstein M, Snyder M, Dinesh-Kumar SP. Differential binding of calmodulin-related proteins to their targets revealed through high-density Arabidopsis protein microarrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4730-5. [PMID: 17360592 PMCID: PMC1838668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611615104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulins (CaMs) are the most ubiquitous calcium sensors in eukaryotes. A number of CaM-binding proteins have been identified through classical methods, and many proteins have been predicted to bind CaMs based on their structural homology with known targets. However, multicellular organisms typically contain many CaM-like (CML) proteins, and a global identification of their targets and specificity of interaction is lacking. In an effort to develop a platform for large-scale analysis of proteins in plants we have developed a protein microarray and used it to study the global analysis of CaM/CML interactions. An Arabidopsis thaliana expression collection containing 1,133 ORFs was generated and used to produce proteins with an optimized medium-throughput plant-based expression system. Protein microarrays were prepared and screened with several CaMs/CMLs. A large number of previously known and novel CaM/CML targets were identified, including transcription factors, receptor and intracellular protein kinases, F-box proteins, RNA-binding proteins, and proteins of unknown function. Multiple CaM/CML proteins bound many binding partners, but the majority of targets were specific to one or a few CaMs/CMLs indicating that different CaM family members function through different targets. Based on our analyses, the emergent CaM/CML interactome is more extensive than previously predicted. Our results suggest that calcium functions through distinct CaM/CML proteins to regulate a wide range of targets and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shawn Bachan
- Departments of *Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Zimei Zhang
- Departments of *Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Montrell Seay
- Departments of *Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8103
| | - Michael Snyder
- Departments of *Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8103
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: and
| | - S. P. Dinesh-Kumar
- Departments of *Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: and
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50
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Wang H, Chevalier D, Larue C, Ki Cho S, Walker JC. The Protein Phosphatases and Protein Kinases of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2007; 5:e0106. [PMID: 22303230 PMCID: PMC3243368 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John C. Walker
- Corresponding author: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211 USA,
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