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Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. SHP2-EGFR States in Dephosphorylation Can Inform Selective SHP2 Inhibitors, Dampening RasGAP Action. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5175-5187. [PMID: 38747619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 is a positive regulator of the EGFR-dependent Ras/MAPK pathway. It dephosphorylates a regulatory phosphorylation site in EGFR that serves as the binding site to RasGAP (RASA1 or p120RasGAP). RASA1 is activated by binding to the EGFR phosphate group. Active RASA1 deactivates Ras by hydrolyzing Ras-bound GTP to GDP. Thus, SHP2 dephosphorylation of EGFR effectively prevents RASA1-mediated deactivation of Ras, thereby stimulating proliferation. Despite knowledge of this vital regulation in cell life, mechanistic in-depth structural understanding of the involvement of SHP2, EGFR, and RASA1 in the Ras/MAPK pathway has largely remained elusive. Here we elucidate the interactions, the factors influencing EGFR's recruitment of RASA1, and SHP2's recognition of the substrate site in EGFR. We reveal that RASA1 specifically interacts with the DEpY992LIP motif in EGFR featuring a proline residue at the +3 position C-terminal to pY primarily through its nSH2 domain. This interaction is strengthened by the robust attraction of two acidic residues, E991 and D990, of EGFR to two basic residues in the BC-loop near the pY-binding pocket of RASA1's nSH2. In the stable precatalytic state of SHP2 with EGFR (DADEpY992LIPQ), the E-loop of SHP2's active site favors the interaction with the (-2)-position D990 and (-4)-position D988 N-terminal to pY992 in EGFR, while the pY-loop constrains the (+4)-position Q996 C-terminal to pY992. These specific interactions not only provide a structural basis for identifying negative regulatory sites in other RTKs but can inform selective, high-affinity active-site SHP2 inhibitors tailored for SHP2 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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van Vlimmeren AE, Voleti R, Chartier CA, Jiang Z, Karandur D, Humphries PA, Lo WL, Shah NH. The pathogenic T42A mutation in SHP2 rewires the interaction specificity of its N-terminal regulatory domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.10.548257. [PMID: 37502916 PMCID: PMC10369915 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.10.548257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 are associated with a variety of human diseases. Most mutations in SHP2 increase its basal catalytic activity by disrupting auto-inhibitory interactions between its phosphatase domain and N-terminal SH2 (phosphotyrosine recognition) domain. By contrast, some disease-associated mutations located in the ligand-binding pockets of the N- or C-terminal SH2 domains do not increase basal activity and likely exert their pathogenicity through alternative mechanisms. We lack a molecular understanding of how these SH2 mutations impact SHP2 structure, activity, and signaling. Here, we characterize five SHP2 SH2 domain ligand-binding pocket mutants through a combination of high-throughput biochemical screens, biophysical and biochemical measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that, while some of these mutations alter binding affinity to phosphorylation sites, the T42A mutation in the N-SH2 domain is unique in that it also substantially alters ligand-binding specificity, despite being 8-10 Å from the specificity-determining region of the SH2 domain. This mutation exerts its effect on sequence specificity by remodeling the phosphotyrosine binding pocket, altering the mode of engagement of both the phosphotyrosine and surrounding residues on the ligand. The functional consequence of this altered specificity is that the T42A mutant has biased sensitivity toward a subset of activating ligands and enhances downstream signaling. Our study highlights an example of a nuanced mechanism of action for a disease-associated mutation, characterized by a change in protein-protein interaction specificity that alters enzyme activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. van Vlimmeren
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Rashmi Voleti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Ziyuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Deepti Karandur
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Preston A. Humphries
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Wan-Lin Lo
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Neel H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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3
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Zhao S, Mekbib KY, van der Ent MA, Allington G, Prendergast A, Chau JE, Smith H, Shohfi J, Ocken J, Duran D, Furey CG, Hao LT, Duy PQ, Reeves BC, Zhang J, Nelson-Williams C, Chen D, Li B, Nottoli T, Bai S, Rolle M, Zeng X, Dong W, Fu PY, Wang YC, Mane S, Piwowarczyk P, Fehnel KP, See AP, Iskandar BJ, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Moyer QJ, Dennis E, Kiziltug E, Kundishora AJ, DeSpenza T, Greenberg ABW, Kidanemariam SM, Hale AT, Johnston JM, Jackson EM, Storm PB, Lang SS, Butler WE, Carter BS, Chapman P, Stapleton CJ, Patel AB, Rodesch G, Smajda S, Berenstein A, Barak T, Erson-Omay EZ, Zhao H, Moreno-De-Luca A, Proctor MR, Smith ER, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Nicoli S, Boggon TJ, Lifton RP, Gunel M, King PD, Jin SC, Kahle KT. Mutation of key signaling regulators of cerebrovascular development in vein of Galen malformations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7452. [PMID: 37978175 PMCID: PMC10656524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (2042.5-fold, p = 4.79 x 10-7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (17.5-fold, p = 1.22 x 10-5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to regulate vascular development. Additional probands had damaging variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomic analysis defined developing endothelial cells as a likely spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant (Phe867Leu) exhibited disrupted developmental angiogenesis and impaired hierarchical development of arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only in the presence of a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have implications for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kedous Y Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martijn A van der Ent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Yale Zebrafish Research Core, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Chau
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Shohfi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Ocken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Charuta G Furey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Le Thi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Di Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy Nottoli
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suxia Bai
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Myron Rolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Po-Ying Fu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yung-Chun Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paulina Piwowarczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Pricola Fehnel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alfred Pokmeng See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bermans J Iskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Quentin J Moyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan Dennis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana B W Greenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shih-Shan Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Chapman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges Rodesch
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Smajda
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Berenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanyeri Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Radiology, Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, US.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Tojjari A, Saeed A, Sadeghipour A, Kurzrock R, Cavalcante L. Overcoming Immune Checkpoint Therapy Resistance with SHP2 Inhibition in Cancer and Immune Cells: A Review of the Literature and Novel Combinatorial Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5384. [PMID: 38001644 PMCID: PMC10670368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 (Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase widely expressed in various cell types. SHP2 plays a crucial role in different cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Aberrant activation of SHP2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating these malignancies. The PTPN11 gene and functions encode SHP2 as a critical signal transduction regulator that interacts with key signaling molecules in both the RAS/ERK and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways; SHP2 is also implicated in T-cell signaling. SHP2 may be inhibited by molecules that cause allosteric (bind to sites other than the active site and attenuate activation) or orthosteric (bind to the active site and stop activation) inhibition or via potent SHP2 degraders. These inhibitors have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in preclinical models. In addition, several SHP2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on SHP2 inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and clinical development, focusing on immune modulation effects and novel therapeutic strategies in the immune-oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arezoo Sadeghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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5
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Sodir NM, Pathria G, Adamkewicz JI, Kelley EH, Sudhamsu J, Merchant M, Chiarle R, Maddalo D. SHP2: A Pleiotropic Target at the Interface of Cancer and Its Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2339-2355. [PMID: 37682219 PMCID: PMC10618746 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase SHP2/PTPN11 has been reported to be a key modulator of proliferative pathways in a wide range of malignancies. Intriguingly, SHP2 has also been described as a critical regulator of the tumor microenvironment. Based on this evidence SHP2 is considered a multifaceted target in cancer, spurring the notion that the development of direct inhibitors of SHP2 would provide the twofold benefit of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHP2 in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and the clinical strategies in which SHP2 inhibitors are leveraged as combination agents to improve therapeutic response. SIGNIFICANCE The SHP2 phosphatase functions as a pleiotropic factor, and its inhibition not only hinders tumor growth but also reshapes the tumor microenvironment. Although their single-agent activity may be limited, SHP2 inhibitors hold the potential of being key combination agents to enhance the depth and the durability of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sodir
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Elizabeth H. Kelley
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Maddalo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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6
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Pérez-Baena MJ, Cordero-Pérez FJ, Pérez-Losada J, Holgado-Madruga M. The Role of GAB1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4179. [PMID: 37627207 PMCID: PMC10453317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) is the inaugural member of the GAB/DOS family of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins. Upon receiving various stimuli, GAB1 transitions from the cytoplasm to the membrane where it is phosphorylated by a range of kinases. This event recruits SH2 domain-containing proteins like SHP2, PI3K's p85 subunit, CRK, and others, thereby activating distinct signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JNK. GAB1-deficient embryos succumb in utero, presenting with developmental abnormalities in the heart, placenta, liver, skin, limb, and diaphragm myocytes. Oncogenic mutations have been identified in the context of cancer. GAB1 expression levels are disrupted in various tumors, and elevated levels in patients often portend a worse prognosis in multiple cancer types. This review focuses on GAB1's influence on cellular transformation particularly in proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis-each of these processes being a cancer hallmark. GAB1 also modulates the resistance/sensitivity to antitumor therapies, making it a promising target for future anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Virtual Institute for Good Health and Well Being (GLADE), European Campus of City Universities (EC2U), 86073 Poitiers, France
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7
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Drilon A, Sharma MR, Johnson ML, Yap TA, Gadgeel S, Nepert D, Feng G, Reddy MB, Harney AS, Elsayed M, Cook AW, Wong CE, Hinklin RJ, Jiang Y, Brown EN, Neitzel NA, Laird ER, Wu WI, Singh A, Wei P, Ching KA, Gaudino JJ, Lee PA, Hartley DP, Rothenberg SM. SHP2 Inhibition Sensitizes Diverse Oncogene-Addicted Solid Tumors to Re-treatment with Targeted Therapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1789-1801. [PMID: 37269335 PMCID: PMC10401072 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rationally targeted therapies have transformed cancer treatment, but many patients develop resistance through bypass signaling pathway activation. PF-07284892 (ARRY-558) is an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor designed to overcome bypass-signaling-mediated resistance when combined with inhibitors of various oncogenic drivers. Activity in this setting was confirmed in diverse tumor models. Patients with ALK fusion-positive lung cancer, BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancer, KRASG12D-mutant ovarian cancer, and ROS1 fusion-positive pancreatic cancer who previously developed targeted therapy resistance were treated with PF-07284892 on the first dose level of a first-in-human clinical trial. After progression on PF-07284892 monotherapy, a novel study design allowed the addition of oncogene-directed targeted therapy that had previously failed. Combination therapy led to rapid tumor and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) responses and extended the duration of overall clinical benefit. SIGNIFICANCE PF-07284892-targeted therapy combinations overcame bypass-signaling-mediated resistance in a clinical setting in which neither component was active on its own. This provides proof of concept of the utility of SHP2 inhibitors in overcoming resistance to diverse targeted therapies and provides a paradigm for accelerated testing of novel drug combinations early in clinical development. See related commentary by Hernando-Calvo and Garralda, p. 1762. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Timothy A. Yap
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Center/Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dale Nepert
- Pfizer Boulder Research Unit, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Gang Feng
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen-I Wu
- Pfizer Boulder Research Unit, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Oncology Research and Development, La Jolla, California
| | - Keith A. Ching
- Pfizer Oncology Research and Development, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - S. Michael Rothenberg
- Pfizer Boulder Research Unit, Boulder, Colorado
- Pfizer Oncology Research and Development, La Jolla, California
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8
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Saunders JT, Kumar S, Benavides-Serrato A, Holmes B, Benavides KE, Bashir MT, Nishimura RN, Gera J. Translation of circHGF RNA encodes an HGF protein variant promoting glioblastoma growth through stimulation of c-MET. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:207-218. [PMID: 37162666 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HGF/c-MET signaling is a significant driver of glioblastoma (GBM) growth and disease progression. Unfortunately, c-MET targeted therapies have been found to be largely ineffective suggesting additional redundant mechanisms of c-MET activation. METHODS Utilizing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling analyses of circular RNAs, circ-HGF (hsa_circ_0080914) was identified as markedly upregulated in primary GBM and found to potentially encode an HGF protein variant (C-HGF) 119 amino acids in length. This candidate HGF variant was characterized and evaluated for its ability to mediate c-MET activation and regulate PDX GBM cell growth, motility and invasive potential in vitro and tumor burden in intracranial xenografts in mice. RESULTS An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) was identified within the circ-HGF RNA which mediated translation of the cross-junctional ORF encoding C-HGF and was observed to be highly expressed in GBM relative to normal brain tissue. C-HGF was also found to be secreted from GBM cells and concentrated cell culture supernatants or recombinant C-HGF activated known signaling cascades downstream of c-MET. C-HGF was shown to interact directly with the c-MET receptor resulting in its autophosphorylation and activation in PDX GBM lines. Knockdown of C-HGF resulted in suppression of c-MET signaling and marked inhibition of cell growth, motility and invasiveness, whereas overexpression of C-HGF displayed the opposite effects. Additionally, modulation of C-HGF expression regulated tumor growth in intracranial xenografted PDX GBM models. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal an alternative mechanism of c-MET activation via a circular RNA encoded HGF protein variant which is relevant in GBM biology. Targeting C-HGF may offer a promising approach for GBM clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn T Saunders
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Angelica Benavides-Serrato
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Brent Holmes
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Kennedy E Benavides
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Muhammad T Bashir
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Robert N Nishimura
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Joseph Gera
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
- Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (151), Building 1, Room C111A, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
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9
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Welsh CL, Allen S, Madan LK. Setting sail: Maneuvering SHP2 activity and its effects in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:17-60. [PMID: 37704288 PMCID: PMC10500121 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of tyrosine phosphorylation being a critical modulator of cancer signaling, proteins regulating phosphotyrosine levels in cells have fast become targets of therapeutic intervention. The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) coded by the PTPN11 gene "SHP2" integrates phosphotyrosine signaling from growth factor receptors into the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway and is centrally positioned in processes regulating cell development and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity is linked to tumorigenesis and developmental defects. Even as a compelling anti-cancer target, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" for a long time owing to its conserved catalytic PTP domain that evaded drug development. Recently, SHP2 has risen from the "undruggable curse" with the discovery of small molecules that manipulate its intrinsic allostery for effective inhibition. SHP2's unique domain arrangement and conformation(s) allow for a truly novel paradigm of inhibitor development relying on skillful targeting of noncatalytic sites on proteins. In this review we summarize the biological functions, signaling properties, structural attributes, allostery and inhibitors of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima K Madan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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10
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Zhao S, Mekbib KY, van der Ent MA, Allington G, Prendergast A, Chau JE, Smith H, Shohfi J, Ocken J, Duran D, Furey CG, Le HT, Duy PQ, Reeves BC, Zhang J, Nelson-Williams C, Chen D, Li B, Nottoli T, Bai S, Rolle M, Zeng X, Dong W, Fu PY, Wang YC, Mane S, Piwowarczyk P, Fehnel KP, See AP, Iskandar BJ, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Kundishora AJ, DeSpenza T, Greenberg ABW, Kidanemariam SM, Hale AT, Johnston JM, Jackson EM, Storm PB, Lang SS, Butler WE, Carter BS, Chapman P, Stapleton CJ, Patel AB, Rodesch G, Smajda S, Berenstein A, Barak T, Erson-Omay EZ, Zhao H, Moreno-De-Luca A, Proctor MR, Smith ER, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Nicoli S, Boggon TJ, Lifton RP, Gunel M, King PD, Jin SC, Kahle KT. Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.532837. [PMID: 36993588 PMCID: PMC10055230 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.532837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and severe congenital brain arteriovenous malformation, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP ( RASA1 ) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (p=4.79×10 -7 ). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 ( EPHB4 ) (p=1.22×10 -5 ), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to limit Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in ACVRL1 , NOTCH1 , ITGB1 , and PTPN11 . ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomics defined developing endothelial cells as a key spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant exhibited constitutive endothelial Ras/ERK/MAPK activation and impaired hierarchical development of angiogenesis-regulated arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only when carrying a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have clinical implications.
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11
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SHP2 inhibition mitigates adaptive resistance to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant gastric cancer through the suppression of KSR1 activity. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216029. [PMID: 36493900 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising antitumor activity of RAF/MEK inhibitors for RAS-driven cancers, not all patients respond to these therapies. Adaptive resistance has been reported as a major culprit in non-responders, which can be reversed by SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2is) in multiple cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that KRAS-mutant gastric cancer cells respond to MEK inhibitors (MEKis) with adaptive resistance. Markedly, SHP2 activation accompanied by ERK signaling restoration in MEKi-treated cells, and a MEKi and SHP2i combination had a synergistic effect on downstream signaling blockade. In vivo, SHP099 combined with AZD6244 (selumetinib) was highly efficacious for the treatment of xenografts. Mechanistically, SHP2 was found to interact with the scaffold protein KSR1 through its protein tyrosine phosphatase domain. KSR1 knockdown sensitized cells to AZD6244, whereas a KSR1 activating mutation (S269A) diminished the synergistic anti-proliferative effect of SHP2i and MEKi. Interestingly, activated SHP2, during adaptive resistance to MEKis, impaired the interaction with KSR1, activating KSR1 to promote MAPK signaling. In conclusion, SHP2 promotes adaptive resistance to MEKis by activating KSR1; selumetinib combined with SHP099 might be an available therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant gastric cancers.
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12
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Sisler DJ, Hinz TK, Le AT, Kleczko EK, Nemenoff RA, Heasley LE. Evaluation of KRAS G12C inhibitor responses in novel murine KRAS G12C lung cancer cell line models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1094123. [PMID: 36845684 PMCID: PMC9945252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1094123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The KRAS(G12C) mutation is the most common genetic mutation in North American lung adenocarcinoma patients. Recently, direct inhibitors of the KRASG12C protein have been developed and demonstrate clinical response rates of 37-43%. Importantly, these agents fail to generate durable therapeutic responses with median progression-free survival of ~6.5 months. Methods To provide models for further preclinical improvement of these inhibitors, we generated three novel murine KRASG12C-driven lung cancer cell lines. The co-occurring NRASQ61L mutation in KRASG12C-positive LLC cells was deleted and the KRASG12V allele in CMT167 cells was edited to KRASG12C with CRISPR/Cas9 methods. Also, a novel murine KRASG12C line, mKRC.1, was established from a tumor generated in a genetically-engineered mouse model. Results The three lines exhibit similar in vitro sensitivities to KRASG12C inhibitors (MRTX-1257, MRTX-849, AMG-510), but distinct in vivo responses to MRTX-849 ranging from progressive growth with orthotopic LLC-NRAS KO tumors to modest shrinkage with mKRC.1 tumors. All three cell lines exhibited synergistic in vitro growth inhibition with combinations of MRTX-1257 and the SHP2/PTPN11 inhibitor, RMC-4550. Moreover, treatment with a MRTX-849/RMC-4550 combination yielded transient tumor shrinkage in orthotopic LLC-NRAS KO tumors propagated in syngeneic mice and durable shrinkage of mKRC.1 tumors. Notably, single-agent MRTX-849 activity in mKRC.1 tumors and the combination response in LLC-NRAS KO tumors was lost when the experiments were performed in athymic nu/nu mice, supporting a growing literature demonstrating a role for adaptive immunity in the response to this class of drugs. Discussion These new models of murine KRASG12C mutant lung cancer should prove valuable for identifying improved therapeutic combination strategies with KRASG12C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sisler
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Trista K. Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anh T. Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily K. Kleczko
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lynn E. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Lynn E. Heasley,
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13
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Solman M, Woutersen DTJ, den Hertog J. Modeling (not so) rare developmental disorders associated with mutations in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046415. [PMID: 36407105 PMCID: PMC9672471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology region 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a highly conserved protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), which is encoded by PTPN11 and is indispensable during embryonic development. Mutations in PTPN11 in human patients cause aberrant signaling of SHP2, resulting in multiple rare hereditary diseases, including Noonan Syndrome (NS), Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML), Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) and Metachondromatosis (MC). Somatic mutations in PTPN11 have been found to cause cancer. Here, we focus on the role of SHP2 variants in rare diseases and advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Solman
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen den Hertog,
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14
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Asmamaw MD, Shi XJ, Zhang LR, Liu HM. A comprehensive review of SHP2 and its role in cancer. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:729-753. [PMID: 36066752 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues. SHP2 modulates diverse cell signaling events that control metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, cell migration, transcription and oncogenic transformation. It interacts with diverse molecules in the cell, and regulates key signaling events including RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and PD-1 pathways downstream of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upon stimulation by growth factors and cytokines. SHP2 acts as both a phosphatase and a scaffold, and plays prominently oncogenic functions but can be tumor suppressor in a context-dependent manner. It typically acts as a positive regulator of RTKs signaling with some inhibitory functions reported as well. SHP2 expression and activity is regulated by such factors as allosteric autoinhibition, microRNAs, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity causes many developmental diseases, and hematological and solid tumors. Moreover, upregulated SHP2 expression or activity also decreases sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. SHP2 is now considered as a compelling anticancer drug target and several classes of SHP2 inhibitors with different mode of action are developed with some already in clinical trial phases. Moreover, novel SHP2 substrates and functions are rapidly growing both in cell and cancer. In view of this, we comprehensively and thoroughly reviewed literatures about SHP2 regulatory mechanisms, substrates and binding partners, biological functions, roles in human cancers, and different classes of small molecule inhibitors target this oncoprotein in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kurupi R, Floros KV, Jacob S, Chawla AT, Cai J, Hu B, Puchalapalli M, Coon CM, Khatri R, Crowther GS, Egan RK, Murchie E, Greninger P, Dalton KM, Ghotra MS, Boikos SA, Koblinski JE, Harada H, Sun Y, Morgan IM, Basu D, Dozmorov MG, Benes CH, Faber AC. Pharmacologic Inhibition of SHP2 Blocks Both PI3K and MEK Signaling in Low-epiregulin HNSCC via GAB1. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1061-1074. [PMID: 36506869 PMCID: PMC9728803 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have evidenced that effective targeted therapy treatment against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in different solid tumor paradigms is predicated on simultaneous inhibition of both the PI3K and MEK intracellular signaling pathways. Indeed, re-activation of either pathway results in resistance to these therapies. Recently, oncogenic phosphatase SHP2 inhibitors have been developed with some now reaching clinical trials. To expand on possible indications for SHP099, we screened over 800 cancer cell lines covering over 25 subsets of cancer. We found HNSCC was the most sensitive adult subtype of cancer to SHP099. We found that, in addition to the MEK pathway, SHP2 inhibition blocks the PI3K pathway in sensitive HNSCC, resulting in downregulation of mTORC signaling and anti-tumor effects across several HNSCC mouse models, including an HPV+ patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Importantly, we found low levels of the RTK ligand epiregulin identified HNSCCs that were sensitive to SHP2 inhibitor, and, adding exogenous epiregulin mitigated SHP099 efficacy. Mechanistically, epiregulin maintained SHP2-GAB1 complexes in the presence of SHP2 inhibition, preventing downregulation of the MEK and PI3K pathways. We demonstrate HNSCCs were highly dependent on GAB1 for their survival and knockdown of GAB1 is sufficient to block the ability of epiregulin to rescue MEK and PI3K signaling. These data connect the sensitivity of HNSCC to SHP2 inhibitors and to a broad reliance on GAB1-SHP2, revealing an important and druggable signaling axis. Overall, SHP2 inhibitors are being heavily developed and may have activity in HNSCCs, and in particular those with low levels of epiregulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kurupi
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Konstantinos V Floros
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Sheeba Jacob
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Ayesha T Chawla
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Jinyang Cai
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23220
| | - Madhavi Puchalapalli
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23220
| | - Colin M Coon
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Rishabh Khatri
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Giovanna Stein Crowther
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Regina K Egan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen Murchie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krista M Dalton
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Maninderjit S Ghotra
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | | | - Jennifer E Koblinski
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23220
| | - Hisashi Harada
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Yue Sun
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Iain M Morgan
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23220.,Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony C Faber
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia 23298
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16
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Cai J, Jacob S, Kurupi R, Dalton KM, Coon C, Greninger P, Egan RK, Stein GT, Murchie E, McClanaghan J, Adachi Y, Hirade K, Dozmorov M, Glod J, Boikos SA, Ebi H, Hao H, Caponigro G, Benes CH, Faber AC. High-risk neuroblastoma with NF1 loss of function is targetable using SHP2 inhibition. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111095. [PMID: 35905710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reoccurring/high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) tumors have the enrichment of non-RAS/RAF mutations along the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, suggesting that activation of MEK/ERK is critical for their survival. However, based on preclinical data, MEK inhibitors are unlikely to be active in NB and have demonstrated dose-limiting toxicities that limit their use. Here, we explore an alternative way to target the MAPK pathway in high-risk NB. We find that NB models are among the most sensitive among over 900 tumor-derived cell lines to the allosteric SHP2 inhibitor SHP099. Sensitivity to SHP099 in NB is greater in models with loss or low expression of the RAS GTPase activation protein (GAP) neurofibromin 1 (NF1). Furthermore, NF1 is lower in advanced and relapsed NB and NF1 loss is enriched in high-risk NB tumors regardless of MYCN status. SHP2 inhibition consistently blocks tumor growth in high-risk NB mouse models, revealing a new drug target in relapsed NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sheeba Jacob
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Richard Kurupi
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Krista M Dalton
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Colin Coon
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Regina K Egan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Giovanna T Stein
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Murchie
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joseph McClanaghan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yuta Adachi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirade
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - John Glod
- National Cancer Institute, Pediatric Branch, Oncology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sosipatros A Boikos
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Huaixiang Hao
- Novartis Institute for Biological Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giordano Caponigro
- Novartis Institute for Biological Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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17
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Kong J, Long YQ. Recent advances in the discovery of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:246-257. [PMID: 35434626 PMCID: PMC8942255 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the Ptpn11 gene, which regulates cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis via modulating various signaling pathways, such as the RAS/ERK signaling pathway, and participates in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway governing immune surveillance. It has been recognized as a breakthrough antitumor therapeutic target. Besides, numerous studies have shown that SHP2 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory diseases. However, inhibitors targeting the active site of SHP2 lack drug-likeness due to their low selectivity and poor bioavailability, thus none has advanced to clinical development. Recently, allosteric inhibitors that stabilize the inactive conformation of SHP2 have achieved breakthrough progress, providing the clinical proof for the druggability of SHP2 as an antitumor drug target. This paper reviews the recently reported design and discovery of SHP2 small molecule inhibitors, focused on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of several representative SHP2 inhibitors, outlining the evolution and therapeutic potential of the small molecule inhibitors targeting SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Kong
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College Suzhou 215123 China
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Song YH, Yang XY, Yu B. KRAS Q61H Mutation Confers Cancer Cells with Acquired Resistance to SHP2 Inhibition. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Hexachlorophene, a selective SHP2 inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and metastasis of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells by inhibiting RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 441:115988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Chou YT, Bivona TG. Inhibition of SHP2 as an approach to block RAS-driven cancers. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 153:205-236. [PMID: 35101231 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11) is a critical component of RAS/MAPK signaling by acting upstream of RAS to promote oncogenic signaling and tumor growth. Over three decades, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" because enzymatic active-site inhibitors generally showed off-target inhibition of other proteins and low membrane permeability. More recently, allosteric SHP2 inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency have been developed. These small molecules effectively block the signal transduction between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and RAS/MAPK signaling and show efficacy in preclinical cancer models. Moreover, clinical evaluation of these allosteric SHP2 inhibitors is ongoing. RAS proteins which harbor transforming properties by gain-of-function mutations are present in various cancer types. While inhibitors of KRASG12C show early clinical promise, resistance remains a challenge and other forms of oncogenic RAS remain to be selectively inhibited. Here, we summarize the role of SHP2 in RAS-driven cancers and the therapeutic potential of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors as a strategy to block RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and The Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and The Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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21
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The Emerging Role of c-Met in Carcinogenesis and Clinical Implications as a Possible Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5179182. [PMID: 35069735 PMCID: PMC8776431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5179182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The binding of HGF to c-MET regulates several cellular functions: differentiation, proliferation, epithelial cell motility, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, it is known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Comprehension of HGF-c-MET signaling pathway might have important clinical consequences allowing to predict prognosis, response to treatment, and survival rates based on its expression and dysregulation. Discussion. c-MET represents a useful molecular target for novel engineered drugs. Several clinical trials are underway for various solid tumors and the development of new specific monoclonal antibodies depends on the recent knowledge about the definite c-MET role in each different malignance. Recent clinical trials based on c-MET molecular targets result in good safety profile and represent a promising therapeutic strategy for solid cancers, in monotherapy or in combination with other target drugs. Conclusion The list of cell surface receptors crosslinking with the c-MET signaling is constantly growing, highlighting the importance of this pathway for personalized target therapy. Research on the combination of c-MET inhibitors with other drugs will hopefully lead to discovery of new effective treatment options.
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Kazemein Jasemi NS, Reza Ahmadian M. Allosteric regulation of GRB2 modulates RAS activation. Small GTPases 2022; 13:282-286. [PMID: 35703160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2022.2089001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS activation is a multiple-step process in which linkage of the extracellular stimuli to the RAS activator SOS1 is the main step in RAS activation. GRB2 adaptor protein is the main modulator in SOS1 recruitment to the plasma membrane and its activation. This interaction is well studied but the exact mechanism of GRB2-SOS1 complex formation and SOS1 activation has yet remained obscure. Here, a new allosteric mechanism for the GRB2 regulation is described as a prerequisite for the modulation of SOS1 activation. This regulatory mechanism comprises a series of intramolecular interactions which are potentiated by GRB2 interaction with upstream ligands.Abbreviations: GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SOS1, son of sevenless 1; RAS, Rat Sarcoma; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor; SH3, SRC Homology 3; SH2, SRC Homology 2; PRD, proline-rich domain; PRM, proline-rich motif; PRP, proline-rich peptide; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Building 22.03, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Building 22.03, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liu M, Gao S, Elhassan RM, Hou X, Fang H. Strategies to overcome drug resistance using SHP2 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3908-3924. [PMID: 35024315 PMCID: PMC8727779 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoded by PTPN11, the SHP2 (Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2) is widely recognized as a carcinogenic phosphatase. As a promising anti-cancer drug target, SHP2 regulates many signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-ERK, PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT. Meanwhile, SHP2 plays a significant role in regulating immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Heretofore, five SHP2 allosteric inhibitors have been recruited in clinical studies for the treatment of cancer. Most recently, studies have proved the therapeutic potential of SHP2 inhibitor in overcoming drug resistance of kinase inhibitors and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade. Herein, we review the structure, function and small molecular inhibitors of SHP2, and highlight recent progress in overcoming drug resistance using SHP2 inhibitor. We hope this review would facilitate the future clinical development of SHP2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuben Hou
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 531 88381168.
| | - Hao Fang
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 531 88381168.
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The Q61H mutation decouples KRAS from upstream regulation and renders cancer cells resistant to SHP2 inhibitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6274. [PMID: 34725361 PMCID: PMC8560773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells bearing distinct KRAS mutations exhibit variable sensitivity to SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i). Here we show that cells harboring KRAS Q61H are uniquely resistant to SHP2i, and investigate the underlying mechanisms using biophysics, molecular dynamics, and cell-based approaches. Q61H mutation impairs intrinsic and GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis, and impedes activation by SOS1, but does not alter tyrosyl phosphorylation. Wild-type and Q61H-mutant KRAS are both phosphorylated by Src on Tyr32 and Tyr64 and dephosphorylated by SHP2, however, SHP2i does not reduce ERK phosphorylation in KRAS Q61H cells. Phosphorylation of wild-type and Gly12-mutant KRAS, which are associated with sensitivity to SHP2i, confers resistance to regulation by GAP and GEF activities and impairs binding to RAF, whereas the near-complete GAP/GEF-resistance of KRAS Q61H remains unaltered, and high-affinity RAF interaction is retained. SHP2 can stimulate KRAS signaling by modulating GEF/GAP activities and dephosphorylating KRAS, processes that fail to regulate signaling of the Q61H mutant. SHP2 promotes RAS-driven MAPK signalling, but it is unclear why cancer cells with distinct KRAS mutations exhibit differential sensitivity to SHP2 inhibition. Here the authors show that KRAS Q61H is decoupled from SHP2- mediated upstream regulation, thus Q61H pancreatic cancer cells maintain MAPK signalling and are refractory to SHP2 inhibitors.
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Dillon M, Lopez A, Lin E, Sales D, Perets R, Jain P. Progress on Ras/MAPK Signaling Research and Targeting in Blood and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205059. [PMID: 34680208 PMCID: PMC8534156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of members within the signaling cascade have been observed in many solid and blood cancers. Research often focuses on targeting the pathway to disrupt cancer initiation and progression. We aimed to provide an overview of the pathway’s physiologic role and regulation, interactions with other pathways involved in cancer development, and mutations that lead to malignancy. Several blood and solid cancers are analyzed to illustrate the impact of the pathway’s dysregulation, stemming from mutation or viral induction. Finally, we summarized different approaches to targeting the pathway and the associated novel treatments being researched or having recently achieved approval. Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, consisting of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade, regulates genes that control cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Within the cascade, multiple isoforms of Ras and Raf each display differences in functionality, efficiency, and, critically, oncogenic potential. According to the NCI, over 30% of all human cancers are driven by Ras genes. This dysfunctional signaling is implicated in a wide variety of leukemias and solid tumors, both with and without viral etiology. Due to the strong evidence of Ras-Raf involvement in tumorigenesis, many have attempted to target the cascade to treat these malignancies. Decades of unsuccessful experimentation had deemed Ras undruggable, but recently, the approval of Sotorasib as the first ever KRas inhibitor represents a monumental breakthrough. This advancement is not without novel challenges. As a G12C mutant-specific drug, it also represents the issue of drug target specificity within Ras pathway; not only do many drugs only affect single mutational profiles, with few pan-inhibitor exceptions, tumor genetic heterogeneity may give rise to drug-resistant profiles. Furthermore, significant challenges in targeting downstream Raf, especially the BRaf isoform, lie in the paradoxical activation of wild-type BRaf by BRaf mutant inhibitors. This literature review will delineate the mechanisms of Ras signaling in the MAPK pathway and its possible oncogenic mutations, illustrate how specific mutations affect the pathogenesis of specific cancers, and compare available and in-development treatments targeting the Ras pathway.
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Fiebelkow J, Guendel A, Guendel B, Mehwald N, Jetka T, Komorowski M, Waldherr S, Schaper F, Dittrich A. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 increases robustness and information transfer within IL-6-induced JAK/STAT signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:94. [PMID: 34530865 PMCID: PMC8444181 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-to-cell heterogeneity is an inherent feature of multicellular organisms and is central in all physiological and pathophysiological processes including cellular signal transduction. The cytokine IL-6 is an essential mediator of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Dysregulated IL-6-induced intracellular JAK/STAT signalling is associated with severe inflammatory and proliferative diseases. Under physiological conditions JAK/STAT signalling is rigorously controlled and timely orchestrated by regulatory mechanisms such as expression of the feedback-inhibitor SOCS3 and activation of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (PTPN11). Interestingly, the function of negative regulators seems not to be restricted to controlling the strength and timely orchestration of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation. Exemplarily, SOCS3 increases robustness of late IL-6-induced STAT3 activation against heterogenous STAT3 expression and reduces the amount of information transferred through JAK/STAT signalling. Methods Here we use multiplexed single-cell analyses and information theoretic approaches to clarify whether also SHP2 contributes to robustness of STAT3 activation and whether SHP2 affects the amount of information transferred through IL-6-induced JAK/STAT signalling. Results SHP2 increases robustness of both basal, cytokine-independent STAT3 activation and early IL-6-induced STAT3 activation against differential STAT3 expression. However, SHP2 does not affect robustness of late IL-6-induced STAT3 activation. In contrast to SOCS3, SHP2 increases the amount of information transferred through IL-6-induced JAK/STAT signalling, probably by reducing cytokine-independent STAT3 activation and thereby increasing sensitivity of the cells. These effects are independent of SHP2-dependent MAPK activation. Conclusion In summary, the results of this study extend our knowledge of the functions of SHP2 in IL-6-induced JAK/STAT signalling. SHP2 is not only a repressor of basal and cytokine-induced STAT3 activity, but also ensures robustness and transmission of information.![]() Plain English summary Cells within a multicellular organism communicate with each other to exchange information about the environment. Communication between cells is facilitated by soluble molecules that transmit information from one cell to the other. Cytokines such as interleukin-6 are important soluble mediators that are secreted when an organism is faced with infections or inflammation. Secreted cytokines bind to receptors within the membrane of their target cells. This binding induces activation of an intracellular cascade of reactions called signal transduction, which leads to cellular responses. An important example of intracellular signal transduction is JAK/STAT signalling. In healthy organisms signalling is controlled and timed by regulatory mechanisms, whose activation results in a controlled shutdown of signalling pathways. Interestingly, not all cells within an organism are identical. They differ in the amount of proteins involved in signal transduction, such as STAT3. These differences shape cellular communication and responses to intracellular signalling. Here, we show that an important negative regulatory protein called SHP2 (or PTPN11) is not only responsible for shutting down signalling, but also for steering signalling in heterogeneous cell populations. SHP2 increases robustness of STAT3 activation against variable STAT3 amounts in individual cells. Additionally, it increases the amount of information transferred through JAK/STAT signalling by increasing the dynamic range of pathway activation in heterogeneous cell populations. This is an amazing new function of negative regulatory proteins that contributes to communication in heterogeneous multicellular organisms in health and disease. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00770-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fiebelkow
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - André Guendel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Beate Guendel
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Karolinska Institutet, Clintec, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nora Mehwald
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jetka
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michal Komorowski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering (CDS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Magdeburg Center for Systems Biology (MACS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Dittrich
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering (CDS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Magdeburg Center for Systems Biology (MACS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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27
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The intramolecular allostery of GRB2 governing its interaction with SOS1 is modulated by phosphotyrosine ligands. Biochem J 2021; 478:2793-2809. [PMID: 34232285 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) is a trivalent adaptor protein and a key element in signal transduction. It interacts via its flanking nSH3 and cSH3 domains with the proline-rich domain (PRD) of the RAS activator SOS1 and via its central SH2 domain with phosphorylated tyrosine residues of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g. HER2). The elucidation of structural organization and mechanistic insights into GRB2 interactions, however, remain challenging due to their inherent flexibility. This study represents an important advance in our mechanistic understanding of how GRB2 links RTKs to SOS1. Accordingly, it can be proposed that (1) HER2 pYP-bound SH2 potentiates GRB2 SH3 domain interactions with SOS1 (an allosteric mechanism); (2) the SH2 domain blocks cSH3, enabling nSH3 to bind SOS1 first before cSH3 follows (an avidity-based mechanism); and (3) the allosteric behavior of cSH3 to other domains appears to be unidirectional, although there is an allosteric effect between the SH2 and SH3 domains.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Dong Y, Zhang W, Lin X. Shp2 regulates PM2.5-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by modulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:62-70. [PMID: 34252507 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on public health has received increasing attention. Through various biochemical mechanisms, PM2.5 alters the normal structure and function of the airway epithelium, causing epithelial barrier dysfunction. Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) has been implicated in various respiratory diseases; however, its role in PM2.5-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction remains unclear. Herein, we assessed the regulatory effects of Shp2 on PM2.5-mediated epithelial barrier function and tight junction (TJ) protein expression in both mice and human pulmonary epithelial (16HBE) cells. We observed that Shp2 levels were upregulated and claudin-4 levels were downregulated after PM2.5 stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 to induce acute lung injury, and disrupted epithelial barrier function, with decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and increased paracellular flux that was observed in 16HBE cells. In contrast, the selective inhibition or knockdown of Shp2 retained airway epithelial barrier function and reversed claudin-4 downregulation that triggered by PM2.5, and these effects may occur through the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. These data highlight an important role of Shp2 in PM2.5-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and suggest a possible new course of therapy for PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Likang Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wanwan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xixi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Zhang X, Maity TK, Ross KE, Qi Y, Cultraro CM, Bahta M, Pitts S, Keswani M, Gao S, Nguyen KDP, Cowart J, Kirkali F, Wu C, Guha U. Alterations in the Global Proteome and Phosphoproteome in Third Generation EGFR TKI Resistance Reveal Drug Targets to Circumvent Resistance. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3051-3066. [PMID: 33727228 PMCID: PMC8182571 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The treatment of patients with lung cancer harboring mutant EGFR with orally administered EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has been a paradigm shift. Osimertinib and rociletinib are third-generation irreversible EGFR TKIs targeting the EGFR T790M mutation. Osimertinib is the current standard of care for patients with EGFR mutations due to increased efficacy, lower side effects, and enhanced brain penetrance. Unfortunately, all patients develop resistance. Genomic approaches have primarily been used to interrogate resistance mechanisms. Here we characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome of a series of isogenic EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that are either sensitive or resistant to these drugs, comprising the most comprehensive proteomic dataset resource to date to investigate third generation EGFR TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Unbiased global quantitative mass spectrometry uncovered alterations in signaling pathways, revealed a proteomic signature of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and identified kinases and phosphatases with altered expression and phosphorylation in TKI-resistant cells. Decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of key sites in the phosphatase SHP2 suggests its inhibition, resulting in subsequent inhibition of RAS/MAPK and activation of PI3K/AKT pathways. Anticorrelation analyses of this phosphoproteomic dataset with published drug-induced P100 phosphoproteomic datasets from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures program predicted drugs with the potential to overcome EGFR TKI resistance. The PI3K/MTOR inhibitor dactolisib in combination with osimertinib overcame resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study reveals global proteomic alterations upon third generation EGFR TKI resistance and highlights potential novel approaches to overcome resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Global quantitative proteomics reveals changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome in lung cancer cells resistant to third generation EGFR TKIs, identifying the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor dactolisib as a potential approach to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Tapan K Maity
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karen E Ross
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Yue Qi
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Constance M Cultraro
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meriam Bahta
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Pitts
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meghana Keswani
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khoa Dang P Nguyen
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Cowart
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Fatos Kirkali
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cathy Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Current Views on the Interplay between Tyrosine Kinases and Phosphatases in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102311. [PMID: 34065882 PMCID: PMC8151247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The chromosomal alteration t(9;22) generating the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein represents the principal feature that distinguishes some types of leukemia. An increasing number of articles have focused the attention on the relevance of protein phosphatases and their potential role in the control of BCR-ABL1-dependent or -independent signaling in different areas related to the biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. Herein, we discuss how tyrosine and serine/threonine protein phosphatases may interact with protein kinases, in order to regulate proliferative signal cascades, quiescence and self-renewals on leukemic stem cells, and drug-resistance, indicating how BCR-ABL1 can (directly or indirectly) affect these critical cells behaviors. We provide an updated review of the literature on the function of protein phosphatases and their regulation mechanism in chronic myeloid leukemia. Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by BCR-ABL1 oncogene expression. This dysregulated protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) is known as the principal driver of the disease and is targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Extensive documentation has elucidated how the transformation of malignant cells is characterized by multiple genetic/epigenetic changes leading to the loss of tumor-suppressor genes function or proto-oncogenes expression. The impairment of adequate levels of substrates phosphorylation, thus affecting the balance PTKs and protein phosphatases (PPs), represents a well-established cellular mechanism to escape from self-limiting signals. In this review, we focus our attention on the characterization of and interactions between PTKs and PPs, emphasizing their biological roles in disease expansion, the regulation of LSCs and TKI resistance. We decided to separate those PPs that have been validated in primary cell models or leukemia mouse models from those whose studies have been performed only in cell lines (and, thus, require validation), as there may be differences in the manner that the associated pathways are modified under these two conditions. This review summarizes the roles of diverse PPs, with hope that better knowledge of the interplay among phosphatases and kinases will eventually result in a better understanding of this disease and contribute to its eradication.
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Stopfer LE, Flower CT, Gajadhar AS, Patel B, Gallien S, Lopez-Ferrer D, White FM. High-Density, Targeted Monitoring of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Reveals Activated Signaling Networks in Human Tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2495-2509. [PMID: 33509940 PMCID: PMC8137532 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) plays a pivotal role in signal transduction and is commonly dysregulated in cancer. As a result, profiling tumor pTyr levels may reveal therapeutic insights critical to combating disease. Existing discovery and targeted mass spectrometry-based methods used to monitor pTyr networks involve a tradeoff between broad coverage of the pTyr network, reproducibility in target identification across analyses, and accurate quantification. To address these limitations, we developed a targeted approach, termed "SureQuant pTyr," coupling low input pTyr enrichment with a panel of isotopically labeled internal standard peptides to guide data acquisition of low-abundance tyrosine phosphopeptides. SureQuant pTyr allowed for reliable quantification of several hundred commonly dysregulated pTyr targets with high quantitative accuracy, improving the robustness and usability of targeted mass spectrometry assays. We established the clinical applicability of SureQuant pTyr by profiling pTyr signaling levels in human colorectal tumors using minimal sample input, characterizing patient-specific oncogenic-driving mechanisms. While in some cases pTyr profiles aligned with previously reported proteomic, genomic, and transcriptomic molecular characterizations, we highlighted instances of new insights gained using pTyr characterization and emphasized the complementary nature of pTyr measurements with traditional biomarkers for improving patient stratification and identifying therapeutic targets. The turn-key nature of this approach opens the door to rapid and reproducible pTyr profiling in research and clinical settings alike and enables pTyr-based measurements for applications in precision medicine. SIGNIFICANCE: SureQuant pTyr is a mass spectrometry-based targeted method that enables sensitive and selective targeted quantitation of several hundred low-abundance tyrosine phosphorylated peptides commonly dysregulated in cancer, including oncogenic signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stopfer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron T Flower
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sebastien Gallien
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Precision Medicine Science Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Forest M White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Wang LB, Karpova A, Gritsenko MA, Kyle JE, Cao S, Li Y, Rykunov D, Colaprico A, Rothstein JH, Hong R, Stathias V, Cornwell M, Petralia F, Wu Y, Reva B, Krug K, Pugliese P, Kawaler E, Olsen LK, Liang WW, Song X, Dou Y, Wendl MC, Caravan W, Liu W, Cui Zhou D, Ji J, Tsai CF, Petyuk VA, Moon J, Ma W, Chu RK, Weitz KK, Moore RJ, Monroe ME, Zhao R, Yang X, Yoo S, Krek A, Demopoulos A, Zhu H, Wyczalkowski MA, McMichael JF, Henderson BL, Lindgren CM, Boekweg H, Lu S, Baral J, Yao L, Stratton KG, Bramer LM, Zink E, Couvillion SP, Bloodsworth KJ, Satpathy S, Sieh W, Boca SM, Schürer S, Chen F, Wiznerowicz M, Ketchum KA, Boja ES, Kinsinger CR, Robles AI, Hiltke T, Thiagarajan M, Nesvizhskii AI, Zhang B, Mani DR, Ceccarelli M, Chen XS, Cottingham SL, Li QK, Kim AH, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Rodriguez H, Mesri M, Payne SH, Resnick AC, Wang P, Smith RD, Iavarone A, Chheda MG, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rodland KD, Liu T, Ding L. Proteogenomic and metabolomic characterization of human glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:509-528.e20. [PMID: 33577785 PMCID: PMC8044053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive nervous system cancer. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomic data on 99 treatment-naive GBMs provides insights to GBM biology. We identify key phosphorylation events (e.g., phosphorylated PTPN11 and PLCG1) as potential switches mediating oncogenic pathway activation, as well as potential targets for EGFR-, TP53-, and RB1-altered tumors. Immune subtypes with distinct immune cell types are discovered using bulk omics methodologies, validated by snRNA-seq, and correlated with specific expression and histone acetylation patterns. Histone H2B acetylation in classical-like and immune-low GBM is driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data identify specific lipid distributions across subtypes and distinct global metabolic changes in IDH-mutated tumors. This work highlights biological relationships that could contribute to stratification of GBM patients for more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pietro Pugliese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Emily Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lindsey K Olsen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jamie Moon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexis Demopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Northwell Health System, Lake Success, NY 11042 USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Caleb M Lindgren
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Hannah Boekweg
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jessika Baral
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Erika Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sneha P Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simina M Boca
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute for Data Science & Computing, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80128, Naples, Italy; BIOGEM, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Xi S Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sandra L Cottingham
- Department of Pathology, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Research and Education, University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Kerr DL, Haderk F, Bivona TG. Allosteric SHP2 inhibitors in cancer: Targeting the intersection of RAS, resistance, and the immune microenvironment. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 62:1-12. [PMID: 33418513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11) integrates growth and differentiation signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) into the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Considered 'undruggable' over three decades, SHP2 is now a potentially druggable target with the advent of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors. These agents hold promise for improving patient outcomes, showing efficacy in preclinical cancer models, where SHP2 is critical for either oncogenic signaling or resistance to current targeted agents. SHP2 inhibition may also produce immunomodulatory effects in certain tumor microenvironment cells to help cultivate antitumor immune responses. The first generation of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors is under clinical evaluation to determine safety, appropriate tolerability management, and antitumor efficacy, investigations that will dictate future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Chen H, Libring S, Ruddraraju KV, Miao J, Solorio L, Zhang ZY, Wendt MK. SHP2 is a multifunctional therapeutic target in drug resistant metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:7166-7180. [PMID: 33033382 PMCID: PMC7714690 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an extremely recalcitrant disease capable of bypassing current targeted therapies via engagement of several growth promoting pathways. SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is an oncogenic phosphatase known to facilitate growth and survival signaling downstream of numerous receptor inputs. Herein, we used inducible genetic depletion and two distinct pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in MBC. Cells that acquired resistance to the ErbB kinase inhibitor, neratinib, displayed increased phosphorylation of SHP2 at the Y542 activation site. In addition, higher levels of SHP2 phosphorylation, but not expression, were associated with decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 activity blocked ERK1/2 and AKT signaling generated from exogenous stimulation with FGF2, PDGF, and hGF and readily prevented MBC cell growth induced by these factors. SHP2 was also phosphorylated upon engagement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via focal adhesion kinase. Consistent with the potential of SHP2-targeted compounds as therapeutic agents, the growth inhibitory property of SHP2 blockade was enhanced in ECM-rich 3D culture environments. In vivo blockade of SHP2 in the adjuvant setting decreased pulmonary metastasis and extended the survival of systemic tumor-bearing mice. Finally, inhibition of SHP2 in combination with FGFR-targeted kinase inhibitors synergistically blocked the growth of MBC cells. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that SHP2 constitutes a shared signaling node allowing MBC cells to simultaneously engage a diversity of growth and survival pathways, including those derived from the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Marshall CB, KleinJan F, Gebregiworgis T, Lee KY, Fang Z, Eves BJ, Liu NF, Gasmi-Seabrook GMC, Enomoto M, Ikura M. NMR in integrated biophysical drug discovery for RAS: past, present, and future. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:531-554. [PMID: 32804298 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-020-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in RAS oncogenes occur in ~ 30% of human cancers, with KRAS being the most frequently altered isoform. RAS proteins comprise a conserved GTPase domain and a C-terminal lipid-modified tail that is unique to each isoform. The GTPase domain is a 'switch' that regulates multiple signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation when activated by binding GTP, and the signal is terminated by GTP hydrolysis. Oncogenic RAS mutations disrupt the GTPase cycle, leading to accumulation of the activated GTP-bound state and promoting proliferation. RAS is a key target in oncology, however it lacks classic druggable pockets and has been extremely challenging to target. RAS signaling has thus been targeted indirectly, by harnessing key downstream effectors as well as upstream regulators, or disrupting the proper membrane localization required for signaling, by inhibiting either lipid modification or 'carrier' proteins. As a small (20 kDa) protein with multiple conformers in dynamic equilibrium, RAS is an excellent candidate for NMR-driven characterization and screening for direct inhibitors. Several molecules have been discovered that bind RAS and stabilize shallow pockets through conformational selection, and recent compounds have achieved substantial improvements in affinity. NMR-derived insight into targeting the RAS-membrane interface has revealed a new strategy to enhance the potency of small molecules, while another approach has been development of peptidyl inhibitors that bind through large interfaces rather than deep pockets. Remarkable progress has been made with mutation-specific covalent inhibitors that target the thiol of a G12C mutant, and these are now in clinical trials. Here we review the history of RAS inhibitor development and highlight the utility of NMR and integrated biophysical approaches in RAS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Marshall
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Fenneke KleinJan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhenhao Fang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ben J Eves
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ningdi F Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Gillette MA, Satpathy S, Cao S, Dhanasekaran SM, Vasaikar SV, Krug K, Petralia F, Li Y, Liang WW, Reva B, Krek A, Ji J, Song X, Liu W, Hong R, Yao L, Blumenberg L, Savage SR, Wendl MC, Wen B, Li K, Tang LC, MacMullan MA, Avanessian SC, Kane MH, Newton CJ, Cornwell M, Kothadia RB, Ma W, Yoo S, Mannan R, Vats P, Kumar-Sinha C, Kawaler EA, Omelchenko T, Colaprico A, Geffen Y, Maruvka YE, da Veiga Leprevost F, Wiznerowicz M, Gümüş ZH, Veluswamy RR, Hostetter G, Heiman DI, Wyczalkowski MA, Hiltke T, Mesri M, Kinsinger CR, Boja ES, Omenn GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Rodriguez H, Li QK, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Getz G, Zhang B, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Cieslik MP, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Govindan R, Wang P, Nesvizhskii AI, Ding L, Mani DR, Carr SA. Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 182:200-225.e35. [PMID: 32649874 PMCID: PMC7373300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the biology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and identify new therapeutic opportunities, we performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 110 tumors and 101 matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) incorporating genomics, epigenomics, deep-scale proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics. Multi-omics clustering revealed four subgroups defined by key driver mutations, country, and gender. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data illuminated biology downstream of copy number aberrations, somatic mutations, and fusions and identified therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with driver events involving KRAS, EGFR, and ALK. Immune subtyping revealed a complex landscape, reinforced the association of STK11 with immune-cold behavior, and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of neutrophil degranulation. Smoking-associated LUADs showed correlation with other environmental exposure signatures and a field effect in NATs. Matched NATs allowed identification of differentially expressed proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This proteogenomics dataset represents a unique public resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lili Blumenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren C Tang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramani B Kothadia
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Emily A Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 61-701, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań, 60-203, Poland
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajwanth R Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Malik R, Mambetsariev I, Fricke J, Chawla N, Nam A, Pharaon R, Salgia R. MET receptor in oncology: From biomarker to therapeutic target. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:259-301. [PMID: 32593403 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
First discovered in the 1984, the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor or HGF (also known as scatter factor or SF) are implicated as key players in tumor cell migration, proliferation, and invasion in a variety of cancers. This pathway also plays a key role during embryogenesis in the development of muscular and nervous structures. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. MET exon 14 splicing variants, initially identified by us in lung cancer, is actionable through various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For this reason, this pathway is of interest as a therapeutic target. In this chapter we will be discussing the history of MET, the genetics of this RTK, and give some background on the receptor biology. Furthermore, we will discuss directed therapeutics, mechanisms of resistance, and the future of MET as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeva Malik
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Neal Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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El Kholy M, Elsedfy H, Perin L, Abi Habid W, Thibaud N, Bozzola M, Rossignol S, Leneuve P, Godeau F, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Netchine I, Le Bouc Y. Normal Growth despite Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 92:133-142. [PMID: 31022718 DOI: 10.1159/000499318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paradox of normal growth despite a lack of growth hormone (GH) is an unexplained phenomenon described in some pathological (sellar, suprasellar, and hypothalamic disorders) and overgrowth syndromes. It has been suggested that the paradoxical growth is due to other GH variants, GH-like moieties, prolactin, insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and unidentified serum factors or growth mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying this normal growth without GH. CASE DESCRIPTION We describe here growth, hormonal, and genetic analyses for an adolescent boy with panhypopituitarism who achieved an adult height above his genetic potential. RESULTS Normal growth was observed despite low serum GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and acid labile subunit (ALS) concentrations, but the IGF-II/IGFBP-3 molar ratio was slightly high. Panhypopituitarism was associated with a heterozygous missense mutation of HESX1, with variable penetrance in heterozygous relatives. Exome analysis detected heterozygous missense mutations of various genes involved in intracellular signaling pathways. The growth-promoting activity of the patient's serum was unable to induce AKT phosphorylation in the MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION The high IGF-II/IGFBP-3 molar ratio was not the cause of the sustained high growth velocity, due to the low affinity of IGF-II for IGF type 1 receptor. The key finding was the HESX1 mutation, as similar cases have been described before, suggesting a common mechanism for growth without GH. However, the variable penetrance of this variant in heterozygous relatives suggests that modifier genes or mechanisms involving combinations with mutations of other genes involved in intracellular signaling pathways might be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Elsedfy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laurence Perin
- Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Walid Abi Habid
- Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Thibaud
- Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Bozzola
- Unit of Pediatrics and Adolescentology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Leneuve
- Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - François Godeau
- Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Irène Netchine
- Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Explorations Fonctionnelles et génétique endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France, .,Unité Mixe Recherche Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine (CRSA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,
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Ahmed TA, Adamopoulos C, Karoulia Z, Wu X, Sachidanandam R, Aaronson SA, Poulikakos PI. SHP2 Drives Adaptive Resistance to ERK Signaling Inhibition in Molecularly Defined Subsets of ERK-Dependent Tumors. Cell Rep 2020; 26:65-78.e5. [PMID: 30605687 PMCID: PMC6396678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic targeting of components of ERK signaling in ERK-dependent tumors is often limited by adaptive resistance, frequently mediated by feedback-activation of RTK signaling and rebound of ERK activity. Here, we show that combinatorial pharmacologic targeting of ERK signaling and the SHP2 phosphatase prevents adaptive resistance in defined subsets of ERK-dependent tumors. In each tumor that was sensitive to combined treatment, p(Y542)SHP2 induction was observed in response to ERK signaling inhibition. The strategy was broadly effective in TNBC models and tumors with RAS mutations at G12, whereas tumors with RAS(G13D) or RAS(Q61X) mutations were resistant. In addition, we identified a subset of BRAF(V600E) tumors that were resistant to the combined treatment, in which FGFR was found to drive feedback-induced RAS activation, independently of SHP2. Thus, we identify molecular determinants of response to combined ERK signaling and SHP2 inhibition in ERK-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Ahmed
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zoi Karoulia
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Poulikos I Poulikakos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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40
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Therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in human developmental disorders and cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112117. [PMID: 32061959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and survival via releasing intramolecular autoinhibition and modulating various signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Mutations and aberrant expression of SHP2 are implicated in human developmental disorders, leukemias and several solid tumors. As an oncoprotein in some cancers, SHP2 represents a rational target for inhibitors to interfere. Nevertheless, its tumor suppressive effect has also been uncovered, indicating the context-specificity. Even so, two types of SHP2 inhibitors including targeting catalytic pocket and allosteric sites have been developed associated with resolved cocrystal complexes. Herein, we describe its structure, biological function, deregulation in human diseases and summarize recent advance in development of SHP2 inhibitors, trying to give an insight into the therapeutic potential in future.
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41
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Niogret C, Birchmeier W, Guarda G. SHP-2 in Lymphocytes' Cytokine and Inhibitory Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2468. [PMID: 31708921 PMCID: PMC6823243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somewhat counterintuitively, the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 (SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2) is crucial for the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) downstream of various growth factor receptors, thereby exerting essential developmental functions. This phosphatase also deploys proto-oncogenic functions and specific inhibitors have recently been developed. With respect to the immune system, the role of SHP-2 in the signaling of cytokines relevant for myelopoiesis and myeloid malignancies has been intensively studied. The function of this phosphatase downstream of cytokines important for lymphocytes is less understood, though multiple lines of evidence suggest its importance. In addition, SHP-2 has been proposed to mediate the suppressive effects of inhibitory receptors (IRs) that sustain a dysfunctional state in anticancer T cells. Molecules involved in IR signaling are of potential pharmaceutical interest as blockade of these inhibitory circuits leads to remarkable clinical benefit. Here, we discuss the dichotomy in the functions ascribed to SHP-2 downstream of cytokine receptors and IRs, with a focus on T and NK lymphocytes. Further, we highlight the importance of broadening our understanding of SHP-2′s relevance in lymphocytes, an essential step to inform on side effects and unanticipated benefits of its therapeutic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Niogret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Guarda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Bongartz H, Gille K, Hessenkemper W, Mandel K, Lewitzky M, Feller SM, Schaper F. The multi-site docking protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) enhances interleukin-6-induced MAPK-pathway activation in an SHP2-, Grb2-, and time-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:135. [PMID: 31651330 PMCID: PMC6814103 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-dependent activation of signalling pathways is tightly orchestrated. The spatiotemporal activation of signalling pathways dictates the specific physiological responses to cytokines. Dysregulated signalling accounts for neoplastic, developmental, and inflammatory diseases. Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family proteins are multi-site docking proteins, which expand cytokine-induced signal transduction in a spatial- and time-dependent manner by coordinating the recruitment of proteins involved in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. Interaction of Gab family proteins with these signalling proteins determines strength, duration and localization of active signalling cascades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal orchestration by Gab family proteins in IL-6-induced signalling are only scarcely understood. Methods We performed kinetic analyses of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced MAPK activation and analysed downstream responses. We compared signalling in wild-type cells, Gab1 knock-out cells, those reconstituted to express Gab1 mutants, and cells expressing gp130 receptors or receptor mutants. Results Interleukin-6-induced MAPK pathway activation can be sub-divided into an early Gab1-independent and a subsequent Gab1-dependent phase. Early Gab1-independent MAPK activation is critical for the subsequent initiation of Gab1-dependent amplification of MAPK pathway activation and requires binding of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) to the interleukin-6 receptor complex. Subsequent and coordinated recruitment of Grb2 and SHP2 to Gab1 is essential for Gab1-dependent amplification of IL-6-induced late MAPK pathway activation and subsequent gene expression. Conclusions Overall, we elaborated the molecular requirements for Gab1-dependent, spatiotemporal orchestration of interleukin-6-dependent MAPK signalling. We discriminated IL-6-induced Gab1-independent, early activation of MAPK signalling and Gab1-dependent, sustained activation of MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karen Gille
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mandel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marc Lewitzky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Khan MGM, Ghosh A, Variya B, Santharam MA, Kandhi R, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. Hepatocyte growth control by SOCS1 and SOCS3. Cytokine 2019; 121:154733. [PMID: 31154249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary capacity of the liver to regenerate following injury is dependent on coordinated and regulated actions of cytokines and growth factors. Whereas hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are direct mitogens to hepatocytes, inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6 also play essential roles in the liver regeneration process. These cytokines and growth factors activate different signaling pathways in a sequential manner to elicit hepatocyte proliferation. The kinetics and magnitude of these hepatocyte-activating stimuli are tightly regulated to ensure restoration of a functional liver mass without causing uncontrolled cell proliferation. Hepatocyte proliferation can become deregulated under conditions of chronic inflammation, leading to accumulation of genetic aberrations and eventual neoplastic transformation. Among the control mechanisms that regulate hepatocyte proliferation, negative feedback inhibition by the 'suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)' family proteins SOCS1 and SOCS3 play crucial roles in attenuating cytokine and growth factor signaling. Loss of SOCS1 or SOCS3 in the mouse liver increases the rate of liver regeneration and renders hepatocytes susceptible to neoplastic transformation. The frequent epigenetic repression of the SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma has stimulated research in understanding the growth regulatory mechanisms of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in hepatocytes. Whereas SOCS3 is implicated in regulating JAK-STAT signaling induced by IL-6 and attenuating EGFR signaling, SOCS1 is crucial for the regulation of HGF signaling. These two proteins also module the functions of certain key proteins that control the cell cycle. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the functions of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in controlling hepatocyte proliferation, and its implications to liver health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulam Musawwir Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.
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44
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Kano Y, Gebregiworgis T, Marshall CB, Radulovich N, Poon BPK, St-Germain J, Cook JD, Valencia-Sama I, Grant BMM, Herrera SG, Miao J, Raught B, Irwin MS, Lee JE, Yeh JJ, Zhang ZY, Tsao MS, Ikura M, Ohh M. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of KRAS stalls GTPase cycle via alteration of switch I and II conformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:224. [PMID: 30644389 PMCID: PMC6333830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the RAS GTPase cycle due to mutations in the three RAS genes is commonly associated with cancer development. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 promotes RAF-to-MAPK signaling pathway and is an essential factor in RAS-driven oncogenesis. Despite the emergence of SHP2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancers harbouring mutant KRAS, the mechanism underlying SHP2 activation of KRAS signaling remains unclear. Here we report tyrosyl-phosphorylation of endogenous RAS and demonstrate that KRAS phosphorylation via Src on Tyr32 and Tyr64 alters the conformation of switch I and II regions, which stalls multiple steps of the GTPase cycle and impairs binding to effectors. In contrast, SHP2 dephosphorylates KRAS, a process that is required to maintain dynamic canonical KRAS GTPase cycle. Notably, Src- and SHP2-mediated regulation of KRAS activity extends to oncogenic KRAS and the inhibition of SHP2 disrupts the phosphorylation cycle, shifting the equilibrium of the GTPase cycle towards the stalled ‘dark state’. Deregulation of the RAS GTPase cycle due to mutations in RAS genes is commonly associated with cancer development. Here authors use NMR and mass spectrometry to shows that KRAS phosphorylation via Src alters the conformation of switch I and II regions and thereby impacts the GTPase cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher B Marshall
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Betty P K Poon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Ivette Valencia-Sama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.,Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, 5G OA4, Canada
| | - Benjamin M M Grant
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Silvia Gabriela Herrera
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Meredith S Irwin
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, 5G OA4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Hervieu A, Kermorgant S. The Role of PI3K in Met Driven Cancer: A Recap. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30406111 PMCID: PMC6207648 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Met, overexpressed or mutated in cancer, plays a major role in cancer progression and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. However RTK inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, explaining the necessity to develop therapies that target downstream signaling. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the most deregulated pathways in cancer and implicated in various types of cancer. PI3K signaling is also a major signaling pathway downstream of RTK, including Met. PI3K major effectors include Akt and "mechanistic Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR), which each play key roles in numerous and various cell functions. Advancements made due to the development of molecular and pharmaceutical tools now allow us to delve into the roles of each independently. In this review, we summarize the current understanding we possess of the activation and role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, downstream of Met, in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Tajan M, Paccoud R, Branka S, Edouard T, Yart A. The RASopathy Family: Consequences of Germline Activation of the RAS/MAPK Pathway. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:676-700. [PMID: 29924299 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome [NS; Mendelian Inheritance in Men (MIM) #163950] and related syndromes [Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (formerly called LEOPARD syndrome; MIM #151100), Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (MIM #607721), Costello syndrome (MIM #218040), cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (MIM #115150), type I neurofibromatosis (MIM #162200), and Legius syndrome (MIM #611431)] are a group of related genetic disorders associated with distinctive facial features, cardiopathies, growth and skeletal abnormalities, developmental delay/mental retardation, and tumor predisposition. NS was clinically described more than 50 years ago, and disease genes have been identified throughout the last 3 decades, providing a molecular basis to better understand their physiopathology and identify targets for therapeutic strategies. Most of these genes encode proteins belonging to or regulating the so-called RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, so these syndromes have been gathered under the name RASopathies. In this review, we provide a clinical overview of RASopathies and an update on their genetics. We then focus on the functional and pathophysiological effects of RASopathy-causing mutations and discuss therapeutic perspectives and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Tajan
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Paccoud
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Branka
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Armelle Yart
- INSERM UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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47
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Fedele C, Ran H, Diskin B, Wei W, Jen J, Geer M, Araki K, Ozerdem U, Simeone DM, Miller G, Neel BG, Tang KH. SHP2 Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Multiple Cancer Models. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1237-1249. [PMID: 30045908 PMCID: PMC6170706 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to MEK inhibitors (MEKi) typically occurs via induction of genes for different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and/or their ligands, even in tumors of the same histotype, making combination strategies challenging. SHP2 (PTPN11) is required for RAS/ERK pathway activation by most RTKs and might provide a common resistance node. We found that combining the SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 with a MEKi inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines in vitro PTPN11 knockdown/MEKi treatment had similar effects, whereas expressing SHP099 binding-defective PTPN11 mutants conferred resistance, demonstrating that SHP099 is on-target. SHP099/trametinib was highly efficacious in xenograft and/or genetically engineered models of KRAS-mutant pancreas, lung, and ovarian cancers and in wild-type RAS-expressing triple-negative breast cancer. SHP099 inhibited activation of KRAS mutants with residual GTPase activity, impeded SOS/RAS/MEK/ERK1/2 reactivation in response to MEKi, and blocked ERK1/2-dependent transcriptional programs. We conclude that SHP099/MEKi combinations could have therapeutic utility in multiple malignancies.Significance: MEK inhibitors show limited efficacy as single agents, in part because of the rapid development of adaptive resistance. We find that SHP2/MEK inhibitor combinations prevent adaptive resistance in multiple cancer models expressing mutant and wild-type KRAS. Cancer Discov; 8(10); 1237-49. ©2018 AACR. See related commentary by Torres-Ayuso and Brognard, p. 1210 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fedele
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York,Corresponding Authors:Benjamin G Neel, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 12th Floor, Suite 1201, New York, NY 10016, , Kwan Ho Tang, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016, , Carmine Fedele, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016,
| | - Hao Ran
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Wei Wei
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Jayu Jen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Mitchell Geer
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kiyomi Araki
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Ugur Ozerdem
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York,Corresponding Authors:Benjamin G Neel, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 12th Floor, Suite 1201, New York, NY 10016, , Kwan Ho Tang, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016, , Carmine Fedele, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016,
| | - Kwan Ho Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York,Corresponding Authors:Benjamin G Neel, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 12th Floor, Suite 1201, New York, NY 10016, , Kwan Ho Tang, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016, , Carmine Fedele, Address: 522 First Avenue, Smilow Building 7th Floor, Suite 707, New York, NY 10016,
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48
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Fedele C, Ran H, Diskin B, Wei W, Jen J, Geer MJ, Araki K, Ozerdem U, Simeone DM, Miller G, Neel BG, Tang KH. SHP2 Inhibition Prevents Adaptive Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Multiple Cancer Models. Cancer Discov 2018. [PMID: 30045908 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0444] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to MEK inhibitors (MEKi) typically occurs via induction of genes for different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and/or their ligands, even in tumors of the same histotype, making combination strategies challenging. SHP2 (PTPN11) is required for RAS/ERK pathway activation by most RTKs and might provide a common resistance node. We found that combining the SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 with a MEKi inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines in vitro PTPN11 knockdown/MEKi treatment had similar effects, whereas expressing SHP099 binding-defective PTPN11 mutants conferred resistance, demonstrating that SHP099 is on-target. SHP099/trametinib was highly efficacious in xenograft and/or genetically engineered models of KRAS-mutant pancreas, lung, and ovarian cancers and in wild-type RAS-expressing triple-negative breast cancer. SHP099 inhibited activation of KRAS mutants with residual GTPase activity, impeded SOS/RAS/MEK/ERK1/2 reactivation in response to MEKi, and blocked ERK1/2-dependent transcriptional programs. We conclude that SHP099/MEKi combinations could have therapeutic utility in multiple malignancies.Significance: MEK inhibitors show limited efficacy as single agents, in part because of the rapid development of adaptive resistance. We find that SHP2/MEK inhibitor combinations prevent adaptive resistance in multiple cancer models expressing mutant and wild-type KRAS. Cancer Discov; 8(10); 1237-49. ©2018 AACR. See related commentary by Torres-Ayuso and Brognard, p. 1210 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fedele
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Hao Ran
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Wei Wei
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Jayu Jen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kiyomi Araki
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Ugur Ozerdem
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
| | - Kwan Ho Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Nouri P, Rezaei Adariani S, Lissy J, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Structural fingerprints, interactions, and signaling networks of RAS family proteins beyond RAS isoforms. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:130-156. [PMID: 29457927 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Parivash Nouri
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Soheila Rezaei Adariani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jana Lissy
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
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50
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Wang L, Iorio C, Yan K, Yang H, Takeshita S, Kang S, Neel BG, Yang W. A ERK/RSK-mediated negative feedback loop regulates M-CSF-evoked PI3K/AKT activation in macrophages. FASEB J 2018; 32:875-887. [PMID: 29046360 PMCID: PMC5888401 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700672rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the RAS/ERK and its downstream signaling components is essential for growth factor-induced cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 ( Ptpn11), is a positive mediator required for most, if not all, receptor tyrosine kinase-evoked RAS/ERK activation, but differentially regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade in various cellular contexts. The precise mechanisms underlying the differential effects of SHP2 deficiency on the PI3K pathway remain unclear. We found that mice with myelomonocytic cell-specific [ Tg(LysM-Cre); Ptpn11fl/fl mice] Ptpn11 deficiency exhibit mild osteopetrosis. SHP2-deficient bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) showed decreased proliferation in response to M-CSF and decreased osteoclast generation. M-CSF-evoked ERK1/2 activation was decreased, whereas AKT activation was enhanced in SHP2-deficient BMMs. ERK1/2, via its downstream target RSK2, mediates this negative feedback by negatively regulating phosphorylation of M-CSF receptor at Tyr721 and, consequently, its binding to p85 subunit of PI3K and PI3K activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of RSK or ERK phenotypically mimics the signaling defects observed in SHP2-deficient BMMs. Furthermore, this increase in PI3K/AKT activation enables BMM survival in the setting of SHP2 deficiency.-Wang, L., Iorio, C., Yan, K., Yang, H., Takeshita, S., Kang, S., Neel, B.G., Yang, W. An ERK/RSK-mediated negative feedback loop regulates M-CSF-evoked PI3K/AKT activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Caterina Iorio
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sunao Takeshita
- Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wentian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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