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Gopinath S, Sutaria N, Bordeaux ZA, Parthasarathy V, Deng J, Taylor MT, Marani M, Lee K, Pritchard T, Alajmi A, Adawi W, Oladipo OO, Semenov YR, Alphonse M, Kwatra SG. Reduced serum pyridoxine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults with chronic pruritic dermatoses. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1771-1776. [PMID: 35534780 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role nutritional factors play in the pathogenesis of chronic pruritic dermatoses (CPD). In this study, we analyzed nutritional deficiencies in CPD patients compared to matched controls. We conducted a population-based study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2006. The main outcomes of the study were laboratory data on serum vitamin levels in participants who answered affirmatively to the questionnaires on CPD as well as matched healthy controls. We identified 877 cases of CPD among 9817 adults in the US aged 20 to 59 years. These findings revealed a slightly higher percentage of females with CPD. Low vitamin B6 (OR 0.697; 95% CI: 0.696-0.699, p = 0.025) and vitamin D (OR 0.794; 95% CI: 0.789-0.799, p = 0.037) levels were associated with a higher rate of CPD compared to healthy controls. Our study suggests that low levels of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin D inversely correlates with the presence of CPD. These vitamin deficiencies suggest further studies on the effect of vitamin supplementation may help in patients with CPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gopinath
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Zachary A Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Junwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Matthew T Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Melika Marani
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ali Alajmi
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Waleed Adawi
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Olusola O Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, CRB II, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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Tat J, Chang SC, Link CD, Razo-Lopez S, Ingerto MJ, Katebian B, Chan A, Kalyanaraman H, Pilz RB, Boss GR. The vitamin B 12 analog cobinamide ameliorates azide toxicity in cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:212-222. [PMID: 37010385 PMCID: PMC10348668 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2185125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The azide anion (N3-) is highly toxic. It exists most commonly as sodium azide, which is used widely and is readily available, raising the potential for occupational incidents and use as a weapon of mass destruction. Azide-poisoned patients present with vomiting, seizures, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and coma; death can occur. No specific azide antidote exists, with treatment being solely supportive. Azide inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and is likely oxidized to nitric oxide in vivo. Cytochrome c oxidase inhibition depletes intracellular adenosine triphosphate and increases oxidative stress, while increased nitric oxide causes hypotension and exacerbates oxidative damage. Here, we tested whether the cobalamin (vitamin B12) analog cobinamide, a strong and versatile antioxidant that also neutralizes nitric oxide, can reverse azide toxicity in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. RESULTS We found cobinamide bound azide with a moderate affinity (Ka 2.87 × 105 M-1). Yet, cobinamide improved growth, increased intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and reduced apoptosis and malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, in azide-exposed cells. Cobinamide rescued Drosophila melanogaster and mice from lethal exposure to azide and was more effective than hydroxocobalamin. Azide likely generated nitric oxide in the mice, as evidenced by increased serum nitrite and nitrate, and reduced blood pressure and peripheral body temperature in the animals; the reduced temperature was likely due to reflex vasoconstriction in response to the hypotension. Cobinamide improved recovery of both blood pressure and body temperature. CONCLUSION We conclude cobinamide likely acted by neutralizing both oxidative stress and nitric oxide, and that it should be given further consideration as an azide antidote.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tat
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Stephen C. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Cole D. Link
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Suelen Razo-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Michael J. Ingerto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Behdod Katebian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
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Haouzi P, MacCann M, Brenner M, Mahon S, Bebarta VS, Chan A, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Tubbs N, Boss GR. Treatment of life-threatening H2S intoxication: Lessons from the trapping agent tetranitrocobinamide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103998. [PMID: 36228991 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the efficacy of trapping free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) following severe H2S intoxication. Sodium hydrosulfide solution (NaHS, 20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in 69 freely moving rats. In a first group (protocol 1), 40 rats were randomly assigned to receive saline (n = 20) or the cobalt compound tetranitrocobinamide (TNCbi) (n = 20, 75 mg/kg iv), one minute into coma, when free H2S was still present in the blood. A second group of 27 rats received TNCbi or saline, following epinephrine, 5 min into coma, when the concentration of free H2S has drastically decreased in the blood. In protocol 1, TNCbi significantly increased immediate survival (65 vs 20 %, p < 0.01) while in protocol 2, administration of TNCbi led to the same outcome as untreated animals. We hypothesize that the decreased efficacy of TNCbi with time likely reflects the rapid spontaneous disappearance of the pool of free H2S in the blood following H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Marissa MacCann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chang S, Tat J, China SP, Kalyanaraman H, Zhuang S, Chan A, Lai C, Radic Z, Abdel-Rahman EA, Casteel DE, Pilz RB, Ali SS, Boss GR. Cobinamide is a strong and versatile antioxidant that overcomes oxidative stress in cells, flies, and diabetic mice. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac191. [PMID: 36276587 PMCID: PMC9578022 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress underlies a variety of diseases, including diabetes. Here, we show that the cobalamin/vitamin B12 analog cobinamide is a strong and multifaceted antioxidant, neutralizing superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite, with apparent rate constants of 1.9 × 108, 3.7 × 104, and 6.3 × 106 M-1 s-1, respectively, for cobinamide with the cobalt in the +2 oxidation state. Cobinamide with the cobalt in the +3 oxidation state yielded apparent rate constants of 1.1 × 108 and 8.0 × 102 M-1 s-1 for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. In mammalian cells and Drosophila melanogaster, cobinamide outperformed cobalamin and two well-known antioxidants, imisopasem manganese and manganese(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin, in reducing oxidative stress as evidenced by: (i) decreased mitochondrial superoxide and return of the mitochondrial membrane potential in rotenone- and antimycin A-exposed H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes; (ii) reduced JNK phosphorylation in hydrogen-peroxide-treated H9c2 cells; (iii) increased growth in paraquat-exposed COS-7 fibroblasts; and (iv) improved survival in paraquat-treated flies. In diabetic mice, cobinamide administered in the animals' drinking water completely prevented an increase in lipid and protein oxidation, DNA damage, and fibrosis in the heart. Cobinamide is a promising new antioxidant that has potential use in diseases with heightened oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shunhui Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cassandra Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zoran Radic
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Osokin VS, Dereven’kov IA, Makarov SV, Gaina-Gardiuta A, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Effect of trans-ligand on properties of nitric oxide motif in nitrosylcobinamide. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2079409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Osokin
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Ilia A. Dereven’kov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
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Philipopoulos GP, Tat J, Chan A, Jiang J, Mukai D, Burney T, Doosty M, Mahon S, Patel HH, White CW, Brenner M, Lee J, Boss GR. Methyl mercaptan gas: mechanisms of toxicity and demonstration of the effectiveness of cobinamide as an antidote in mice and rabbits. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:615-622. [PMID: 34989638 PMCID: PMC9662850 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.2017949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is a colorless, toxic gas with potential for occupational exposure and used as a weapon of mass destruction. Inhalation at high concentrations can result in dyspnea, hypoventilation, seizures, and death. No specific methyl mercaptan antidote exists, highlighting a critical need for such an agent. Here, we investigated the mechanism of CH3SH toxicity, and rescue from CH3SH poisoning by the vitamin B12 analog cobinamide, in mammalian cells. We also developed lethal CH3SH inhalation models in mice and rabbits, and tested the efficacy of intramuscular injection of cobinamide as a CH3SH antidote. RESULTS We found that cobinamide binds to CH3SH (Kd = 84 µM), and improved growth of cells exposed to CH3SH. CH3SH reduced cellular oxygen consumption and intracellular ATP content and activated the stress protein c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); cobinamide reversed these changes. A single intramuscular injection of cobinamide (20 mg/kg) rescued 6 of 6 mice exposed to a lethal dose of CH3SH gas, while all six saline-treated mice died (p = 0.0013). In rabbits exposed to CH3SH gas, 11 of 12 animals (92%) treated with two intramuscular injections of cobinamide (50 mg/kg each) survived, while only 2 of 12 animals (17%) treated with saline survived (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that cobinamide could potentially serve as a CH3SH antidote.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Tat
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - David Mukai
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Tanya Burney
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Melody Doosty
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Carl W. White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Jangwoen Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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7
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Effect of complexation between cobinamides and bovine serum albumin on their reactivity toward cyanide. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Masood A, Jacob M, Gu X, Abdel Jabar M, Benabdelkamel H, Nizami I, Li L, Dasouki M, Abdel Rahman AM. Distinctive metabolic profiles between Cystic Fibrosis mutational subclasses and lung function. Metabolomics 2021; 17:4. [PMID: 33394183 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal multisystemic disease of a monogenic origin with numerous mutations. Functional defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR) protein based on these mutations are categorised into distinct classes having different clinical presentations and disease severity. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to create a comprehensive metabolomic profile of altered metabolites in patients with CF, among different classes and in relation to lung function. METHODS A chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to study the serum metabolic profiles of young and adult CF (n = 39) patients and healthy controls (n = 30). Comparisons were made at three levels, CF vs. controls, among mutational classes of CF, between CF class III and IV, and correlated the lung function findings. RESULTS A distinctive metabolic profile was observed in the three analyses. 78, 20, and 13 significantly differentially dysregulated metabolites were identified in the patients with CF, among the different classes and between class III and IV, respectively. The significantly identified metabolites included amino acids, di-, and tri-peptides, glutathione, glutamine, glutamate, and arginine metabolism. The top significant metabolites include 1-Aminopropan-2-ol, ophthalmate, serotonin, cystathionine, and gamma-glutamylglutamic acid. Lung function represented by an above-average FEV1% level was associated with decreased glutamic acid and increased guanosine levels. CONCLUSION Metabolomic profiling identified alterations in different amino acids and dipeptides, involved in regulating glutathione metabolism. Two metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxymandelate-3-O-sulfate and 5-Aminopentanoic acid, were identified in common between the three anlayses and may represent as highly sensitive biomarkers for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minnie Jacob
- Metabolomics Section, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, PO. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinyun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mai Abdel Jabar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Nizami
- Lung Transplant Section, Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Metabolomics Section, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, PO. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, PO. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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Liao ZW, Brockway E, Canlas C, Walters C. Hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of refractory intraoperative vasoplegia in a patient with history of squamous cell carcinoma and radiation. J Clin Anesth 2020; 68:110095. [PMID: 33129064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wei Liao
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2209 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37240-0002, USA.
| | - Erin Brockway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Christopher Canlas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Camila Walters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Ngegla JV, Zhou X, Chen X, Zhu X, Liu Z, Feng J, Zeng XC. Unique diversity and functions of the arsenic-methylating microorganisms from the tailings of Shimen Realgar Mine. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:86-96. [PMID: 31832832 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial arsenic (As) methylation plays important roles in the As biogeochemical cycle. However, little is known about the diversity and functions of As-methylating microorganisms from the tailings of a Realgar Mine, which is characterized as containing extremely high concentrations of As. To address this issue, we collected five samples (T1-T5) from the tailings of Shimen Realgar Mine. Microcosm assays without addition of exogenous As and carbon indicated that all the five samples possess significant As-methylating activities, producing 0.8-5.7 μg/L DMAsV, and 1.1-10.7 μg/L MMAsV with an exception of T3, from which MMAsV was not detectable after 14.0 days of incubation. In comparison, addition of 20.0 mM lactate to the microcosms significantly enhanced the activities of these samples; the produced DMAsV and MMAsV are 8.0-39.7 μg/L and 5.8-38.3 μg/L, respectively. The biogenic DMAsV shows significant positive correlations with the Fe concentrations and negative correlations with the total nitrogen concentrations in the environment. A total of 63 different arsM genes were identified from the five samples, which code for new or new-type ArsM proteins, suggesting that a unique diversity of As-methylating microbes are present in the environment. The microbial community structures of the samples were significantly shaped by the environmental total organic carbon, total As contents and NO3- contents. These data help to better understand the microorganisms-catalyzed As methylation occurred in the environment with extremely high contents of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Victoria Ngegla
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xianbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jilong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China.
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11
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Zhu X, Zeng XC, Chen X, Wu W, Wang Y. Inhibitory effect of nitrate/nitrite on the microbial reductive dissolution of arsenic and iron from soils into pore water. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:528-538. [PMID: 31119594 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It was well established that microbial communities are the major drive for the formation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. However, it remains to be elucidated for how nitrate/nitrite affects the microorganisms-catalyzed dissolution and reduction of arsenic. To address this issue, we collected soil samples containing high-contents of arsenic from the Shimen Realgar Mine area. Microcosm assay indicated that addition of nitrate/nitrite significantly inhibited the dissolution, reduction and release of As and Fe caused by the biological catalysis of microbial communities in the soils, meanwhile nitrate/nitrite was reduced into N2. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of this finding, we used a representative dissimilatory arsenate-respiring strain Shewanella sp. GL90 from the soils to perform the arsenic release assay. GL90 can efficiently catalyze the reductive dissolution, and promote the release of As and Fe in soils. It is interesting to see that the addition of nitrate/nitrite to the soils led to marked decreases in the GL90-mediated dissolution of As and Fe in the soils. Moreover, we found that this finding was attributed to that nitrate/nitrite significantly inhibited the transcription of the gene of the respiratory arsenate reductase protein in GL90 cells. This work provided new insights into the mechanisms for the coupling of As, N and Fe geochemical cycles in arsenic-rich soils, and for how environmental factors affect As concentration in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Petrikovics I, Kiss L, Chou CE, Ebrahimpour A, Kovács K, Kiss M, Logue B, Chan A, Manage ABW, Budai M, Boss GR, Rockwood GA. Antidotal efficacies of the cyanide antidote candidate dimethyl trisulfide alone and in combination with cobinamide derivatives. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:438-444. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1585504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Petrikovics
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Ching-En Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Kristóf Kovács
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Márton Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Brian Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ananda B. W. Manage
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Marianna Budai
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gary A. Rockwood
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, APG, MD, USA
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Tumakov SO, Dereven’kov IA, Sal’nikov DS, Makarov SV. Kinetics of the Reaction between Cobinamide and Isoniazid in Aqueous Solutions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Maarouf M, Vaughn AR, Shi VY. Topical micronutrients in atopic dermatitis-An evidence-based review. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31:e12659. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maarouf
- College of Medicine; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| | - A. R. Vaughn
- College of Medicine; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - V. Y. Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
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15
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Dereven'kov IA, Makarov SV, Bui Thi TT, Makarova AS, Koifman OI. Studies on the Reduction of Dehydroascorbic Acid by Glutathione in the Presence of Aquahydroxocobinamide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A. Dereven'kov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology; Sheremetevskiy str. 7 153000 Ivanovo Russia
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology; Sheremetevskiy str. 7 153000 Ivanovo Russia
| | - Thu Thuy Bui Thi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city; 12 Nguyen Van Bao, ward 4, Go Vap district 727010 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Anna S. Makarova
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academicheskaya str. 1 153045 Ivanovo Russian Federation
| | - Oskar I. Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology; Sheremetevskiy str. 7 153000 Ivanovo Russia
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academicheskaya str. 1 153045 Ivanovo Russian Federation
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16
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Crespo A, Blanco-Cabra N, Torrents E. Aerobic Vitamin B 12 Biosynthesis Is Essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Class II Ribonucleotide Reductase Activity During Planktonic and Biofilm Growth. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:986. [PMID: 29867886 PMCID: PMC5962746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogenic bacterium in chronic infections and is a model organism for studying biofilms. P. aeruginosa is considered an aerobic bacterium, but in the presence of nitrate, it also grows in anaerobic conditions. Oxygen diffusion through the biofilm generates metabolic and genetic diversity in P. aeruginosa growth, such as in ribonucleotide reductase activity. These essential enzymes are necessary for DNA synthesis and repair. Oxygen availability determines the activity of the three-ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) classes. Class II and III RNRs are active in the absence of oxygen; however, class II RNRs, which are important in P. aeruginosa biofilm growth, require a vitamin B12 cofactor for their enzymatic activity. In this work, we elucidated the conditions in which class II RNRs are active due to vitamin B12 concentration constraints (biosynthesis or environmental availability). We demonstrated that increased vitamin B12 levels during aerobic, stationary and biofilm growth activate class II RNR activity. We also established that the cobN gene is essentially responsible for B12 biosynthesis under planktonic and biofilm growth. Our results unravel the mechanisms of dNTP synthesis by P. aeruginosa during biofilm growth, which appear to depend on the bacterial strain (laboratory-type or clinical isolate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crespo
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Yuan Q, Pearce LL, Peterson J. Relative Propensities of Cytochrome c Oxidase and Cobalt Corrins for Reaction with Cyanide and Oxygen: Implications for Amelioration of Cyanide Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2197-2208. [PMID: 29116760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In aqueous media at neutral pH, the binding of two cyanide molecules per cobinamide can be described by two formation constants, Kf1 = 1.1 (±0.6) × 105 M-1 and Kf2 = 8.5 (±0.1) × 104 M-1, or an overall cyanide binding constant of ∼1 × 1010 M-2. In comparison, the cyanide binding constants for cobalamin and a fully oxidized form of cytochrome c oxidase, each binding a single cyanide anion, were found to be 7.9 (±0.5) × 104 M-1 and 1.6 (±0.2) × 107 M-1, respectively. An examination of the cyanide-binding properties of cobinamide at neutral pH by stopped-flow spectrophotometry revealed two kinetic phases, rapid and slow, with apparent second-order rate constants of 3.2 (±0.5) × 103 M-1 s-1 and 45 (±1) M-1 s-1, respectively. Under the same conditions, cobalamin exhibited a single slow cyanide-binding kinetic phase with a second-order rate constant of 35 (±1) M-1 s-1. All three of these processes are significantly slower than the rate at which cyanide is bound by complex IV during enzyme turnover (>106 M-1 s-1). Overall, it can be understood from these findings why cobinamide is a measurably better cyanide scavenger than cobalamin, but it is unclear how either cobalt corrin can be antidotal toward cyanide intoxication as neither compound, by itself, appears able to out-compete cytochrome c oxidase for available cyanide. Furthermore, it has also been possible to unequivocally show in head-to-head comparison assays that the enzyme does indeed have greater affinity for cyanide than both cobalamin and cobinamide. A plausible resolution of the paradox that both cobalamin and cobinamide clearly are antidotal toward cyanide intoxication, involving the endogenous auxiliary agent nitric oxide, is suggested. Additionally, the catalytic consumption of oxygen by the cobalt corrins is demonstrated and, in the case of cobinamide, the involvement of cytochrome c when present. Particularly in the case of cobinamide, these oxygen-dependent reactions could potentially lead to erroneous assessment of the ability of the cyanide scavenger to restore the activity of cyanide-inhibited cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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Greenawald LA, Boss GR, Snyder JL, Reeder A, Bell S. Development of an Inexpensive RGB Color Sensor for the Detection of Hydrogen Cyanide Gas. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1458-1466. [PMID: 28967741 PMCID: PMC10083731 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive red, green, blue (RGB) color sensor was developed for detecting low ppm concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas. A piece of glass fiber filter paper containing monocyanocobinamide [CN(H2O)Cbi] was placed directly above the RGB color sensor and an on chip LED. Light reflected from the paper was monitored for RGB color change upon exposure to hydrogen cyanide at concentrations of 1.0-10.0 ppm as a function of 25%, 50%, and 85% relative humidity. A rapid color change occurred within 10 s of exposure to 5.0 ppm hydrogen cyanide gas (near the NIOSH recommended exposure limit). A more rapid color change occurred at higher humidity, suggesting a more effective reaction between hydrogen cyanide and CN(H2O)Cbi. The sensor could provide the first real time respirator end-of-service-life alert for hydrogen cyanide gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Greenawald
- National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective
Technology Laboratory, Evaluation and Testing Branch (CDC/NIOSH/NPPTL/ETB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Aaron Reeder
- National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective
Technology Laboratory, Evaluation and Testing Branch (CDC/NIOSH/NPPTL/ETB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Suzanne Bell
- C.
Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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19
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Nistico SP, Del Duca E, Tamburi F, Pignataro E, De Carvalho N, Farnetani F, Pellacani G. Superiority of a vitamin B12-barrier cream compared with standard glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A randomized, left-to-right comparative trial. Dermatol Ther 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Nistico
- Department of Health Sciences; University Magna Graecia; Catanzaro Italy
| | - E. Del Duca
- Department of System Medicine; University of Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - F. Tamburi
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - E. Pignataro
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - N. De Carvalho
- Department of Dermatology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - F. Farnetani
- Department of Dermatology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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20
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Dereven'kov IA, Ivlev PA, Bischin C, Salnikov DS, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Makarov SV, Koifman OI. Comparative studies of reaction of cobalamin (II) and cobinamide (II) with sulfur dioxide. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:969-975. [PMID: 28620693 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of reactions of cobalamin (II) and cobinamide (II) with sulfur dioxide was studied by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Reaction results in oxidation of Co(II) center and involves two aquated SO2 moieties. The final product is suggested to be complex Co(III)-S2O 4•- . The absence of corrin ring modifications during the reactions was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Pavel A Ivlev
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Cristina Bischin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Str. Arany Janos Nr. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Str. Arany Janos Nr. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergei V Makarov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy str. 7, 153000, Ivanovo, Russia
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21
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Ghafarinazari A, Scarpa M, Zoccatelli G, Comes Franchini M, Locatelli E, Daldosso N. Hybrid luminescent porous silicon for efficient drug loading and release. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, biocompatible and light emitting porous silicon (pSi) showed the possibility for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghafarinazari
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Verona
- 37134 Verona
- Italy
| | - M. Scarpa
- Department of Physics
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi
- University of Trento
- 38123 Trento
- Italy
| | - G. Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Verona
- 37134 Verona
- Italy
| | - M. Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- 40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - E. Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Bologna
- 40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - N. Daldosso
- Department of Computer Science
- University of Verona
- 37134 Verona
- Italy
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22
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Broderick KE, Potluri P, Zhuang S, Scheffler IE, Sharma VS, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Cyanide Detoxification by the Cobalamin Precursor Cobinamide. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:641-9. [PMID: 16636313 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase, thereby depleting cellular ATP. it contributes to smoke inhalation deaths in fires and could be used as a weapon of mass destruction. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) binds cyanide with a relatively high affinity and is used in Europe to treat smoke inhalation victims. Cobinamide, the penultimate compound in cobalamin biosynthesis, binds cyanide with about 1010 greater affinity than cobalamin, and we found It was several-fold more effective than cobalamin in (i) reversing cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian cells; (ii) rescuing mammalian cells and Drosophila melanogaster from cyanide toxicity; and (iii) reducing cyanide inhibition of Drosophila Malpighian tubule secretion. Cobinamide could be delivered by oral ingestion, inhalation, or injection to Drosophila, and it was as effective when administered up to 5 mins post-cyanide exposure as when given preexposure. We conclude that cobinamide is an effective cyanide detoxifying agent that has potential use as a cyanide antidote, both in smoke inhalation victims and in persons exposed to cyanide used as a weapon of mass destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA
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Nitrosyl-Cobinamide, a New and Direct Nitric Oxide–Releasing Drug Effective In Vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1432-40. [DOI: 10.3181/0703-rm-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited number of nitric oxide (NO)-generating drugs are available for clinical use for acute and chronic conditions. Most of these agents are organic nitrates, which do not directly release NO; tolerance to the drugs develops, in part, as a consequence of their conversion to NO. We synthesized nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi) from cobinamide, a structural analog of cobalamin (vitamin B12). NO-Cbi is a direct NO-releasing agent that we found was stable in water, but under physiologic conditions, it released NO with a half-life of 30 mins to 1 h. We show in five different biological systems that NO-Cbi is an effective NO-releasing drug. First, in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells, NO-Cbi induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, a downstream target of cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Second, in isolated Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubules, NO-Cbi–stimulated fluid secretion was similar to that stimulated by Deta-NONOate and a cGMP analog. Third, in isolated mouse hearts, NO-Cbi increased coronary flow much more potently than nitroglycerin. Fourth, in contracted mouse aortic rings, NO-Cbi induced relaxation, albeit to a lesser extent than sodium nitroprusside. Fifth, in intact mice, a single NO-Cbi injection rapidly reduced blood pressure, and blood pressure returned to normal after 45 mins; repeated NO-Cbi injections induced the expected fall in blood pressure. These studies indicate that NO-Cbi is a useful NO donor that can be used experimentally in the laboratory; moreover, it could be developed into a vasodilating drug for treating hypertension and potentially other diseases such as angina and congestive heart failure.
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Greenawald LA, Boss GR, Reeder A, Bell S. Development of a Hydrogen Sulfide End-of-Service-Life Indicator for Respirator Cartridges Using Cobinamide. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2016; 230:658-666. [PMID: 27022206 PMCID: PMC4807636 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive paper-based sensor was developed for detecting low ppm concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas. A piece of filter paper containing aquohydroxocobinamide [OH(H2O)Cbi] was placed on the end of a bifurcated optical fiber, and the reflectance spectrum of the OH(H2O)Cbi was monitored during exposure to 10.0 ppm hydrogen sulfide gas (NIOSH recommended exposure limit). Reaction of sulfide (HS-) yielded an increase in reflectance from 400-450 nm, and decrease from 470-550 nm. Spectral changes were monitored as a function of time at 25, 50, and 85% relative humidity. Spectral shifts at high-er humidity suggested reduction of the Cbi(III) compound. The sensor was used to detect hydrogen sulfide breakthrough from respirator carbon beds and results correlated well with a standard electrochemical detector. The simple paper-based sensor could provide a real-time end-of-service-life alert for hydrogen sulfide gas.
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Jiang J, Chan A, Ali S, Saha A, Haushalter KJ, Lam WLM, Glasheen M, Parker J, Brenner M, Mahon SB, Patel HH, Ambasudhan R, Lipton SA, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Hydrogen Sulfide--Mechanisms of Toxicity and Development of an Antidote. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20831. [PMID: 26877209 PMCID: PMC4753484 DOI: 10.1038/srep20831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas—second only to carbon monoxide as a cause of inhalational deaths. Its mechanism of toxicity is only partially known, and no specific therapy exists for sulfide poisoning. We show in several cell types, including human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons, that sulfide inhibited complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and induced apoptosis. Sulfide increased hydroxyl radical production in isolated mouse heart mitochondria and F2-isoprostanes in brains and hearts of mice. The vitamin B12 analog cobinamide reversed the cellular toxicity of sulfide, and rescued Drosophila melanogaster and mice from lethal exposures of hydrogen sulfide gas. Cobinamide worked through two distinct mechanisms: direct reversal of complex IV inhibition and neutralization of sulfide-generated reactive oxygen species. We conclude that sulfide produces a high degree of oxidative stress in cells and tissues, and that cobinamide has promise as a first specific treatment for sulfide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sameh Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Arindam Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristofer J Haushalter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wai-Ling Macrina Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Megan Glasheen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Parker
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sari B Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Benz OS, Yuan Q, Cronican AA, Peterson J, Pearce LL. Effect of Ascorbate on the Cyanide-Scavenging Capability of Cobalt(III) meso-Tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine Pentaiodide: Deactivation by Reduction? Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:270-8. [PMID: 26692323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Co(III)-containing water-soluble metalloporphyrin cobalt(III) meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine pentaiodide (Co(III)TMPyP) is a potential cyanide-scavenging agent. The rate of reduction of Co(III)TMPyP by ascorbate is facile enough that conversion to the Co(II)-containing Co(II)TMPyP should occur within minutes at prevailing in vivo levels of the reductant. It follows that any cyanide-decorporating capability of the metalloporphyrin should depend more on the cyanide-binding characteristics of Co(II)TMPyP than those of the administered form, Co(III)TMPyP. Addition of cyanide to buffered aqueous solutions of Co(II)TMPyP (pH 7.4, 25-37 °C) results in quite rapid (k2 = ∼10(3) M(-1) s(-1)) binding/substitution of cyanide anion in the two available axial positions with high affinity (K'β = 10(10) to 10(11)). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements and cyclic voltammetry indicate that cyanide induces oxidation to the Co(III)-containing dicyano species. The constraints that these observations put on plausible mechanisms for the reaction of Co(II)TMPyP with cyanide are discussed. Experiments in which Co(III)TMPyP and cyanide were added to freshly drawn mouse blood showed the same sequence of reactions (metalloporphyrin reduction → cyanide binding/substitution → reoxidation) to occur. Therefore, in cyanide-scavenging applications with this metalloporphyrin, we should be taking advantage of both the improved rate of ligand substitution at Co(II) compared to that at Co(III) and the increased affinity of Co(III) for anionic ligands compared to that of Co(II). Finally, using an established sublethal mouse model for cyanide intoxication, Co(III)TMPyP, administered either 5 min before (prophylaxis) or 1 min after the toxicant, is shown to have very significant antidotal capability. Possible explanations for the results of a previous contradictory study, which failed to find any prophylactic effect of Co(III)TMPyP toward cyanide intoxication, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar S Benz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Andrea A Cronican
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh , 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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Greenawald LA, Snyder JL, Fry NL, Sailor MJ, Boss GR, Finklea HO, Bell S. Development of a cobinamide-based end-of-service-life indicator for detection of hydrogen cyanide gas. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2015; 221:379-385. [PMID: 26213448 PMCID: PMC4511729 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe an inexpensive paper-based sensor for rapid detection of low concentrations (ppm) of hydrogen cyanide gas. A piece of filter paper pre-spotted with a dilute monocyanocobinamide [CN(H2O)Cbi] solution was placed on the end of a bifurcated optical fiber and the reflectance spectrum of the CN(H2O)Cbi was monitored during exposure to 1.0-10.0 ppm hydrogen cyanide gas. Formation of dicyanocobinamide yielded a peak at 583 nm with a simultaneous decrease in reflectance from 450-500 nm. Spectral changes were monitored as a function of time at several relative humidity values: 25, 50, and 85% relative humidity. With either cellulose or glass fiber papers, spectral changes occurred within 10 s of exposure to 5.0 ppm hydrogen cyanide gas (NIOSH recommended short-term exposure limit). We conclude that this sensor could provide a real-time end-of-service-life alert to a respirator user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Greenawald
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (CDC/NIOSH/NPPTL), 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.A. Greenawald)
| | | | - Nicole L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harry O. Finklea
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, 217 Clark Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Suzanne Bell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, 217 Clark Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Dassanayake RS, Shelley JT, Cabelli DE, Brasch NE. Pulse Radiolysis and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Studies on the Reactions of the Carbonate Radical with Vitamin B12Derivatives. Chemistry 2015; 21:6409-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chan A, Jiang J, Fridman A, Guo LT, Shelton GD, Liu MT, Green C, Haushalter KJ, Patel HH, Lee J, Yoon D, Burney T, Mukai D, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Nitrocobinamide, a new cyanide antidote that can be administered by intramuscular injection. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1750-9. [PMID: 25650735 DOI: 10.1021/jm501565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently available cyanide antidotes must be given by intravenous injection over 5-10 min, making them ill-suited for treating many people in the field, as could occur in a major fire, an industrial accident, or a terrorist attack. These scenarios call for a drug that can be given quickly, e.g., by intramuscular injection. We have shown that aquohydroxocobinamide is a potent cyanide antidote in animal models of cyanide poisoning, but it is unstable in solution and poorly absorbed after intramuscular injection. Here we show that adding sodium nitrite to cobinamide yields a stable derivative (referred to as nitrocobinamide) that rescues cyanide-poisoned mice and rabbits when given by intramuscular injection. We also show that the efficacy of nitrocobinamide is markedly enhanced by coadministering sodium thiosulfate (reducing the total injected volume), and we calculate that ∼1.4 mL each of nitrocobinamide and sodium thiosulfate should rescue a human from a lethal cyanide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chan
- Departments of †Medicine, ‡Pathology, §Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ∥Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0652, United States
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Maitra D, Ali I, Abdulridha RM, Shaeib F, Khan SN, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. Kinetic studies on the reaction between dicyanocobinamide and hypochlorous acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110595. [PMID: 25375773 PMCID: PMC4222763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent oxidant generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is an abundant enzyme used for defense against microbes. We examined the potential role of HOCl in corrin ring destruction and subsequent formation of cyanogen chloride (CNCl) from dicyanocobinamide ((CN)2-Cbi). Stopped-flow analysis revealed that the reaction consists of at least three observable steps, including at least two sequential transient intermediates prior to corrin ring destruction. The first two steps were attributed to sequential replacement of the two cyanide ligands with hypochlorite, while the third step was the destruction of the corrin ring. The formation of (OCl)(CN)-Cbi and its conversion to (OCl)2-Cbi was fitted to a first order rate equation with second order rate constants of 0.002 and 0.0002 µM−1s−1, respectively. The significantly lower rate of the second step compared to the first suggests that the replacement of the first cyanide molecule by hypochlorite causes an alteration in the ligand trans effects changing the affinity and/or accessibility of Co toward hypochlorite. Plots of the apparent rate constants as a function of HOCl concentration for all the three steps were linear with Y-intercepts close to zero, indicating that HOCl binds in an irreversible one-step mechanism. Collectively, these results illustrate functional differences in the corrin ring environments toward binding of diatomic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Iyad Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rasha M. Abdulridha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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ó Proinsias K, Karczewski M, Zieleniewska A, Gryko D. Microwave-Assisted Cobinamide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7752-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501364b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith ó Proinsias
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Karczewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Salnikov DS, Kucherenko PN, Dereven'kov IA, Makarov SV, van Eldik R. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Cobalamin in Aqueous Solution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Spitler R, Schwappacher R, Wu T, Kong X, Yokomori K, Pilz RB, Boss GR, Berns MW. Nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi), a new nitric oxide donor, improves wound healing through cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2374-82. [PMID: 23920342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) donors have been shown to improve wound healing, but the mechanism is not well defined. Here we show that the novel NO donor nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi) improved in vitro wound healing in several cell types, including an established line of lung epithelial cells and primary human lung fibroblasts. On a molar basis, NO-Cbi was more effective than two other NO donors, with the effective NO-Cbi concentration ranging from 3 to 10μM, depending on the cell type. Improved wound healing was secondary to increased cell migration and not cell proliferation. The wound healing effect of NO-Cbi was mediated by cGMP, mainly through cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKGI), as determined using pharmacological inhibitors and activators, and siRNAs targeting PKG type I and II. Moreover, we found that Src and ERK were two downstream mediators of NO-Cbi's effect. We conclude that NO-Cbi is a potent inducer of cell migration and wound closure, acting via cGMP, PKG, Src, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Spitler
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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Biphasic modulation of NOS expression, protein and nitrite products by hydroxocobalamin underlies its protective effect in endotoxemic shock: downstream regulation of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 expression. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:741804. [PMID: 23781123 PMCID: PMC3679756 DOI: 10.1155/2013/741804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. NOS/•NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics for sepsis, yet they increase clinical mortality. However, there has been no in vivo investigation of the (in vitro) •NO scavenger, cobalamin's (Cbl) endogenous effects on NOS/•NO/inflammatory mediators during the immune response to sepsis. Methods. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), ELISA, Western blot, and NOS Griess assays, in a C57BL/6 mouse, acute endotoxaemia model. Results. During the immune response, pro-inflammatory phase, parenteral hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) treatment partially inhibits hepatic, but not lung, iNOS mRNA and promotes lung eNOS mRNA, but attenuates the LPS hepatic rise in eNOS mRNA, whilst paradoxically promoting high iNOS/eNOS protein translation, but relatively moderate •NO production. HOCbl/NOS/•NO regulation is reciprocally associated with lower 4 h expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and lower circulating TNF-α, but not IL-6. In resolution, 24 h after LPS, HOCbl completely abrogates a major late mediator of sepsis mortality, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mRNA, inhibits iNOS mRNA, and attenuates LPS-induced hepatic inhibition of eNOS mRNA, whilst showing increased, but still moderate, NOS activity, relative to LPS only. experiments (LPS+D-Galactosamine) HOCbl afforded significant, dose-dependent protection in
mice Conclusions. HOCbl produces a complex, time- and organ-dependent, selective regulation of NOS/•NO during endotoxaemia, corollary regulation of downstream inflammatory mediators, and increased survival. This merits clinical evaluation.
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36
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Dereven'kov IA, Salnikov DS, Makarov SV, Surducan M, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Boss GR. Comparative study of reaction of cobalamin and cobinamide with thiocyanate. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 125:32-9. [PMID: 23685470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of Co(III) and Co(II) cobalamin (Cbl) and cobinamide (Cbi) with thiocyanate was examined with UV-vis and EPR spectra. S/N-linkage isomerism was explored on Co(III) and Co(II) Cbl and Cbi models using density functional theory (DFT; BP86, B3LYP). Performed calculations suggest the prevalence of isothiocyanato isomers over thiocyanato complexes on both Co(III) and Co(II) centers. The formation of Cbl(II) complex with thiocyanate was observed at high ligand concentrations which was proposed to be hexacoordinated. DFT data maintain the possibility of hexacoordinated Co(II) complexes with thiocyanate in which one of extra-ligands is weakly coordinated. It is found that high thiocyanate concentrations could retard cyanide binding to cobalamin but not to cobinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- State University of Chemistry and Technology, Engels str. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
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37
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Monteiro FS, Silva ACL, Martins IRR, Correia ACC, Basílio IJLD, Agra MF, Bhattacharyya J, Silva BA. Vasorelaxant action of the total alkaloid fraction obtained from Solanum paludosum Moric. (Solanaceae) involves NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and potassium channels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:895-900. [PMID: 22472108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum paludosum Moric. (jurubeba-roxa) is commonly used to treat hypertension as a substitute for Solanum paniculatum L. (jurubeba verdadeira). The total ethanolic extract from the root bark of Solanum paludosum have been found to cause hypotension in rats. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism by which the total alkaloid fraction obtained from the root bark of Solanum paludosum (FAT-SP) acts as a vasorelaxant agent on rat thoracic aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rings of rat aorta were suspended in organ bath containing Krebs solution at 37°C, bubbled with carbogen mixture (95% O(2) and 5% CO(2)) under a resting tension of 1 g. Isometric contractions were measured using a force transducer coupled to an amplifier and a microcomputer. RESULTS FAT-SP has been found cause relaxation of the aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (Phe) in a concentration-dependent manner, in the presence and absence of endothelium. This effect was more potent on the endothelium-intact aorta. In the presence of endothelium, neither indomethacin (non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) nor atropine (non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist), produced significant changes on the relaxation response. On the other hand, in the presence of calmidazolium (a calmodulin inhibitor), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), hydroxocobalamin (HDX) (scavenger of free-radical nitric oxide), 1-H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, selective blocker of soluble guanylate cyclase), Rp-8-bromo-β-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate sodium salt hydrate (Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, competitive inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G) or TEA(+) (tetraethylammonium, nonselective potassium channel blocker), the vasorelaxant effect was significantly reduced, suggesting the involvement of NO/sCG/PKG pathway and potassium channel opening in vasorelaxant action of the FAT-SP. CONCLUSION The mechanism of vasorelaxant activity of the FAT-SP on rat aorta involves both NO/sCG/PKG pathway and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio S Monteiro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
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38
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Ma J, Dasgupta PK, Zelder FH, Boss GR. Cobinamide chemistries for photometric cyanide determination. A merging zone liquid core waveguide cyanide analyzer using cyanoaquacobinamide. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 736:78-84. [PMID: 22769008 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diaquacobinamide (H(2)O)(2)Cbi(2+) or its conjugate base hydroxyaquacobinamide (OH(H(2)O)Cbi(+))) can bind up to two cyanide ions, making dicyanocobinamide. This transition is accompanied by a significant change in color, previously exploited for cyanide determination. The reagent OH(H(2)O)Cbi(+) is used in excess; when trace amounts of cyanide are added, CN(H(2)O)Cbi(+) should be formed. But the spectral absorption of CN(H(2)O)Cbi(+) is virtually the same as that of OH(H(2)O)Cbi(+). It has been inexplicable how trace amounts of cyanide are sensitively measured by this reaction. It is shown here that even with excess OH(H(2)O)Cbi(+), (CN)(2)Cbi is formed first due to kinetic reasons; this only slowly forms CN(H(2)O)Cbi(+). This understanding implies that CN(H(2)O)Cbi(+) will itself be a better reagent. We describe a single valve merging zone flow analyzer that allows both sample and reagent economy. With a 50 cm liquid core waveguide (LCW) flow cell and an inexpensive fiber optic-charge coupled device array spectrometer, a S/N=3 limit of detection of 8 nM, a linear dynamic range to 6 μM, and excellent precision (RSD 0.49% and 1.07% at 50 and 100 nM, respectively, n=5 each) are formed. At 1% carryover, sample throughput is 40 h(-1). The setup is readily used to measure thiocyanate with different reagents. We demonstrate applicability to real samples by analyzing human saliva samples and hydrolyzed extracts of apple seeds, peach pits, and almonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
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Sharina I, Sobolevsky M, Doursout MF, Gryko D, Martin E. Cobinamides are novel coactivators of nitric oxide receptor that target soluble guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:723-32. [PMID: 22171090 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), a ubiquitously expressed heme-containing receptor for nitric oxide (NO), is a key mediator of NO-dependent processes. In addition to NO, a number of synthetic compounds that target the heme-binding region of sGC and activate it in a NO-independent fashion have been described. We report here that dicyanocobinamide (CN2-Cbi), a naturally occurring intermediate of vitamin B(12) synthesis, acts as a sGC coactivator both in vitro and in intact cells. Heme depletion or heme oxidation does not affect CN2-Cbi-dependent activation. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrates that CN2-Cbi targets a new regulatory site and functions though a novel mechanism of sGC activation. Unlike all known sGC regulators that target the N-terminal regulatory regions, CN2-Cbi directly targets the catalytic domain of sGC, resembling the effect of forskolin on adenylyl cyclases. CN2-Cbi synergistically enhances sGC activation by NO-independent regulators 3-(4-amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (BAY41-2272), 4-[((4-carboxybutyl){2-[(4-phenethylbenzyl)oxy]phenethyl}amino) methyl [benzoic]-acid (cinaciguat or BAY58-2667), and 5-chloro-2-(5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino-N-(4-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-benzamide sodium salt (ataciguat or HMR-1766). BAY41-2272 and CN2-Cbi act reciprocally by decreasing the EC(50) values. CN2-Cbi increases intracellular cGMP levels and displays vasorelaxing activity in phenylephrine-constricted rat aortic rings in an endothelium-independent manner. Both effects are synergistically potentiated by BAY41-2272. These studies uncover a new mode of sGC regulation and provide a new tool for understanding the mechanism of sGC activation and function. CN2-Cbi also offers new possibilities for its therapeutic applications in augmenting the effect of other sGC-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraida Sharina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Health Science Center in Houston, Medical School, 1941 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Salnikov DS, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Makarov SV, van Eldik R, Boss GR. Cobalamin reduction by dithionite. Evidence for the formation of a six-coordinate cobalamin(II) complex. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9831-4. [PMID: 21879074 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the formation of a unique, six-coordinate cobalamin(II) complex with the anion-radical SO(2)(-) during the reduction of aquacobalamin(III) by sodium dithionite, was obtained from spectrophotometric and EPR measurements. The pK(a) value of the weakly coordinated dimethylbenzimidazole group was found to be 4.8 ± 0.1 at 25 °C.
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Chemaly SM, Florczak M, Dirr H, Marques HM. Probing the Nature of the CoIII Ion in Corrins: A Comparison of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Ligand Substitution Reactions of Aquacyanocobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester and Stable Yellow Aquacyanocobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8719-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Chemaly
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, and ‡Protein Structure−Function Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Melissa Florczak
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, and ‡Protein Structure−Function Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Heinrich Dirr
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, and ‡Protein Structure−Function Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, and ‡Protein Structure−Function Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
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Chan A, Crankshaw DL, Monteil A, Patterson SE, Nagasawa HT, Briggs JE, Kozocas JA, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Pilz RB, Bigby TD, Boss GR. The combination of cobinamide and sulfanegen is highly effective in mouse models of cyanide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011; 49:366-73. [PMID: 21740135 PMCID: PMC3882312 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2011.584879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyanide is a component of smoke in residential and industrial fires, and accidental exposure to cyanide occurs in a variety of industries. Moreover, cyanide has the potential to be used by terrorists, particularly in a closed space such as an airport or train station. Current therapies for cyanide poisoning must be given by intravenous administration, limiting their use in treating mass casualties. OBJECTIVE We are developing two new cyanide antidotes--cobinamide, a vitamin B(12) analog, and sulfanegen, a 3-mercaptopyruvate prodrug. Both drugs can be given by intramuscular administration, and therefore could be used to treat a large number of people quickly. We now asked if the two drugs would have an augmented effect when combined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a non-lethal and two different lethal models of cyanide poisoning in mice. The non-lethal model assesses neurologic recovery by quantitatively evaluating the innate righting reflex time of a mouse. The two lethal models are a cyanide injection and a cyanide inhalation model. RESULTS We found that the two drugs are at least additive when used together in both the non-lethal and lethal models: at doses where all animals died with either drug alone, the combination yielded 80 and 40% survival in the injection and inhalation models, respectively. Similarly, drug doses that yielded 40% survival with either drug alone, yielded 80 and 100% survival in the injection and inhalation models, respectively. As part of the inhalation model, we developed a new paradigm in which animals are exposed to cyanide gas, injected intramuscularly with an antidote, and then re-exposed to cyanide gas. This simulates cyanide exposure of a large number of people in a closed space, because people would remain exposed to cyanide, even after receiving an antidote. CONCLUSION The combination of cobinamide and sulfanegen shows great promise as a new approach to treating cyanide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
- Medicine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Daune L. Crankshaw
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0213
| | - Alexandre Monteil
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0213
| | | | | | - Jackie E. Briggs
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0213
| | | | - Sari B. Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612-1475
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612-1475
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Timothy D. Bigby
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
- Medicine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
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Ma J, Ohira SI, Mishra SK, Puanngam M, Dasgupta PK, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Blackledge W, Boss GR. Rapid point of care analyzer for the measurement of cyanide in blood. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4319-24. [PMID: 21553921 PMCID: PMC3105183 DOI: 10.1021/ac200768t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive optical analyzer for the rapid determination of cyanide in blood in point of care applications is described. HCN is liberated by the addition of 20% H(3)PO(4) and is absorbed by a paper filter impregnated with borate-buffered (pH 9.0) hydroxoaquocobinamide (hereinafter called cobinamide). Cobinamide on the filter changes color from orange (λ(max) = 510 nm) to violet (λ(max) = 583 nm) upon reaction with cyanide. This color change is monitored in the transmission mode by a light emitting diode (LED) with a 583 nm emission maximum and a photodiode detector. The observed rate of color change increases 10 times when the cobinamide solution for filter impregnation is prepared in borate-buffer rather than in water. The use of a second LED emitting at 653 nm and alternate pulsing of the LEDs improves the limit of detection by 4 times to ~0.5 μM for a 1 mL blood sample. Blood cyanide levels of imminent concern (≥10 μM) can be accurately measured in ~2 min. The response is proportional to the mass of cyanide in the sample: smaller sample volumes can be successfully used with proportionate change in the concentration LODs. Bubbling air through the blood-acid mixture was found effective for mixing of the acid with the sample and the liberation of HCN. A small amount of ethanol added to the top of the blood was found to be the most effective means to prevent frothing during aeration. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repetitive determination of blood samples containing 9 μM CN was 1.09% (n = 5). The technique was compared blind with a standard microdiffusion-spectrophotometric method used for the determination of cyanide in rabbit blood. The results showed good correlation (slope 1.05, r(2) 0.9257); independent calibration standards were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065
| | - Mahitti Puanngam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065
| | - Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065
| | - Sari B. Mahon
- UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Matthew Brenner
- UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92868
| | - William Blackledge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
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Hassanin HA, El-Shahat MF, DeBeer S, Smith CA, Brasch NE. Redetermination of the X-ray structure of nitroxylcobalamin: base-on nitroxylcobalamin exhibits a remarkably long Co-N(dimethylbenzimidazole) bond distance. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10626-30. [PMID: 20890534 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray structures of three new crystals of nitroxylcobalamin (NOCbl) have been determined. Unlike our earlier reported structure in which NOCbl was partially oxidized (L. Hannibal, C. A. Smith, D. W. Jacobsen and N. E. Brasch, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5140), the O atom of the nitroxyl ligand is located in a single position with a N=O bond distance of 1.12-1.14 Å, consistent with a double bond. The Co-N-O angle is in the 118.9-120.3 Å range. The α-axial Co-N(dimethylbenzimidazole) (Co-NB3) bond distance is a remarkable 2.32-2.35 Å in length, ~0.1 Å longer than that reported for all other cobalamin structures. The change in the Gibbs free energy for the base-on/base-off equilibrium now correlates extremely well with the Co-NB3 bond distance, as observed for other cobalamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Hassanin
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Chan A, Balasubramanian M, Blackledge W, Mohammad OM, Alvarez L, Boss GR, Bigby TD. Cobinamide is superior to other treatments in a mouse model of cyanide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010; 48:709-17. [PMID: 20704457 PMCID: PMC3119202 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2010.505197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyanide is a rapidly acting cellular poison, primarily targeting cytochrome c oxidase, and is a common occupational and residential toxin, mostly via smoke inhalation. Cyanide is also a potential weapon of mass destruction, with recent credible threats of attacks focusing the need for better treatments, as current cyanide antidotes are limited and impractical for rapid deployment in mass casualty settings. OBJECTIVE We have used mouse models of cyanide poisoning to compare the efficacy of cobinamide (Cbi), the precursor to cobalamin (vitamin B(12)), to currently approved cyanide antidotes. Cbi has extremely high affinity for cyanide and substantial solubility in water. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied Cbi in both an inhaled and intraperitoneal model of cyanide poisoning in mice. RESULTS We found Cbi more effective than hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrite, and the combination of sodium thiosulfate-sodium nitrite in treating cyanide poisoning. Compared to hydroxocobalamin, Cbi was 3 and 11 times more potent in the intraperitoneal and inhalation models, respectively. Cobinamide sulfite (Cbi-SO(3)) was rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection, and mice recovered from a lethal dose of cyanide even when given at a time when they had been apneic for over 2 min. In range-finding studies, Cbi-SO(3) at doses up to 2000 mg/kg exhibited no clinical toxicity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that Cbi is a highly effective cyanide antidote in mouse models, and suggest it could be used in a mass casualty setting, because it can be given rapidly as an intramuscular injection when administered as Cbi-SO(3). Based on these animal data Cbi-SO(3) appears to be an antidote worthy of further testing as a therapy for mass casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chan
- Medicine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - William Blackledge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Othman M. Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Medicine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy D. Bigby
- Medicine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Ma J, Dasgupta PK. Cobinamide-based cyanide analysis by multiwavelength spectrometry in a liquid core waveguide. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6244-50. [PMID: 20560532 PMCID: PMC2912415 DOI: 10.1021/ac101158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyanide analyzer based on sensitive cobinamide chemistry relies on simultaneous reagent and sample injection and detection in a 50 cm liquid core waveguide (LCW) flow cell illuminated by a white light emitting diode. The transmitted light is read by a fiber-optic charge coupled device (CCD) spectrometer. Alkaline cobinamide (orange, lambda(max) = 510 nm) changes to violet (lambda(max) = 583 nm) upon reaction with cyanide. Multiwavelength detection permits built-in correction for artifact responses intrinsic to a single-line flow injection system and corrects for drift. With optimum choice of the reaction medium, flow rate, and mixing coil length, the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) is 30 nM and the linear dynamic range extends to 10 microM. The response base width for 1% carryover is <95 s, permitting a throughput of 38 samples/h. The relative standard deviations (rsd) for repetitive determinations at 0.15, 0.5, and 1 microM were 7.6% (n = 5), 3.2% (n = 7), and 1.7% (n = 6), respectively. Common ions at 250-80,000x concentrations do not interfere except for sulfide. For the determination of 2 microM CN(-), the presence of 2, 5, 10, 20, 100, and 1000 microM HS(-) results in 22, 27, 48, 58, 88, and 154% overestimation of cyanide. The sulfide product actually has a different characteristic absorption, and in those samples where significant presence is likely, this can be corrected for. We demonstrate applicability by analyzing the hydrolytic cyanide extract of apple and pear seeds with orange seeds as control and also measure HCN in breath air samples. Spike recoveries in these sample extracts ranged from 91 to 108%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
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Ma J, Dasgupta PK, Blackledge W, Boss GR. Temperature dependence of Henry's law constant for hydrogen cyanide. Generation of trace standard gaseous hydrogen cyanide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3028-34. [PMID: 20302333 PMCID: PMC2855313 DOI: 10.1021/es1001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary data for the temperature dependent solubility of HCN in water do not presently exist for low concentrations of HCN at environmentally or physiologically relevant temperatures. Henry's Law constant (K(H), M/atm) for the vapor-solution equilibrium of HCN was determined in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 9.00 +/- 0.03 at 296.6 +/- 0.1 K) from 287-311 K. Stable gas phase concentrations of HCN are generated by established techniques, via air equilibration of aqueous cyanide partitioned by a microporous membrane. The effluent gaseous HCN, in equilibrium with the constant temperature aqueous cyanide, was collected in dilute NaOH and determined by a spectrophotometrically using cobinamide. The K(H) of HCN may be expressed as ln K(H) (M/atm) = (8205.7 +/- 341.9)/T - (25.323 +/- 1.144); r(2) = 0.9914) where T is the absolute temperature in K. This corresponds to 9.02 and 3.00 M/atm at 25 and 37.4 degrees C, respectively, compared to actual measurements of 9.86 and 3.22 at 25.0 and 37.8 degrees C, respectively. The technique also allows for convenient generation of trace levels of HCN at ppbv-ppmv levels that can be further diluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065. Phone: 817-272-3171, Fax: 817-272-3808
| | - Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065. Phone: 817-272-3171, Fax: 817-272-3808
| | - William Blackledge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652
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48
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Intramuscular cobinamide sulfite in a rabbit model of sublethal cyanide toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55:352-63. [PMID: 20045579 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Exposure to cyanide in fires and industrial exposures and intentional cyanide poisoning by terrorists leading to mass casualties is an ongoing threat. Current treatments for cyanide poisoning must be administered intravenously, and no rapid treatment methods are available for mass casualty cyanide exposures. Cobinamide is a cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) analog with an extraordinarily high affinity for cyanide that is more water-soluble than cobalamin. We investigate the use of intramuscular cobinamide sulfite to reverse cyanide toxicity-induced physiologic changes in a sublethal cyanide exposure animal model and determine the ability of an intramuscular cobinamide sulfite injection to rapidly reverse the physiologic effects of cyanide toxicity. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits were given 10 mg sodium cyanide intravenously over 60 minutes. Quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of tissue oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations were performed concurrently with blood cyanide level measurements and cobinamide levels. Immediately after completion of the cyanide infusion, the rabbits were injected intramuscularly with cobinamide sulfite (n=6) or inactive vehicle (controls, n=5). RESULTS Intramuscular administration led to rapid mobilization of cobinamide and was extremely effective at reversing the physiologic effects of cyanide on oxyhemoglobin and within deoxyhemoglobin extraction. Recovery time to 63% of their baseline values in the central nervous system occurred within a mean of 1,032 minutes in the control group and 9 minutes in the cobinamide group, with a difference of 1,023 minutes (95% confidence interval 116 to 1,874 minutes). In muscle tissue, recovery times were 76 and 24 minutes, with a difference of 52 minutes (95% confidence interval 7 to 98 minutes). RBC cyanide levels returned toward normal significantly faster in cobinamide sulfite-treated animals than in control animals. CONCLUSION Intramuscular cobinamide sulfite rapidly and effectively reverses the physiologic effects of cyanide poisoning, suggesting that a compact cyanide antidote kit can be developed for mass casualty cyanide exposures.
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Weinberg JB, Chen Y, Jiang N, Beasley BE, Salerno JC, Ghosh DK. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by cobalamins and cobinamides. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1626-32. [PMID: 19328848 PMCID: PMC2745708 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamins are important cofactors for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Certain corrins also bind nitric oxide (NO), quenching its bioactivity. To determine if corrins would inhibit NO synthase (NOS), we measured their effects on -L-[(14)C]arginine-to-L-[(14)C]citrulline conversion by NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. Hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl), cobinamide, and dicyanocobinamide (CN(2)-Cbi) potently inhibited all isoforms, whereas cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin had much less effect. OH-Cbl and CN(2)-Cbi prevented binding of the oxygen analog carbon monoxide (CO) to the reduced NOS1 and NOS2 heme active site. CN(2)-Cbi did not react directly with NO or CO. Spectral perturbation analysis showed that CN(2)-Cbi interacted directly with the purified NOS1 oxygenase domain. NOS inhibition by corrins was rapid and not reversed by dialysis with L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin. Molecular modeling indicated that corrins could access the unusually large heme- and substrate-binding pocket of NOS. Best fits were obtained in the "base-off" conformation of the lower axial dimethylbenzimidazole ligand. CN(2)-Cbi inhibited interferon-gamma-activated Raw264.7 mouse macrophage NO production. We show for the first time that certain corrins directly inhibit NOS, suggesting that these agents (or their derivatives) may have pharmacological utility. Endogenous cobalamins and cobinamides might play important roles in regulating NOS activity under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brice Weinberg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and V.A. Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Broderick KE, Chan A, Balasubramanian M, Feala J, Reed SL, Panda M, Sharma VS, Pilz RB, Bigby TD, Boss GR. Cyanide produced by human isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to lethality in Drosophila melanogaster. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:457-64. [PMID: 18199034 DOI: 10.1086/525282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are cyanogenic, and cyanide may contribute to the bacterium's virulence. Using human isolates of P. aeruginosa, we have shown that Drosophila melanogaster suspended above cyanogenic strains become motionless and develop bradycardia and that flies injected with cyanogenic bacterial strains die more rapidly than those injected with noncyanogenic strains. Flies exposed to cyanogenic strains had high cyanide and low adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster was much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains. Transgenic flies overexpressing rhodanese, which detoxifies cyanide by converting it to thiocyanate, were resistant to cyanide and the increased virulence of cyanogenic strains. We conclude that D. melanogaster is a good model for studying cyanide produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0652, USA
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