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Saez D, Rodríguez-Arriaza F, Urra G, Fabi JP, Hormazábal-Abarza F, Méndez-Yáñez A, Castro E, Bustos D, Ramos P, Morales-Quintana L. Unraveling the key step in the aroma puzzle: Insights into alcohol acyltransferases in strawberries. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108668. [PMID: 38823091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) play a crucial role in catalyzing the transfer of acyl groups, contributing to the diverse aroma of fruits, including strawberries. In this research we identified nine AAT genes in strawberries through a comprehensive analysis involving phylogenetics, gene structure, conserved motifs, and structural protein model examinations. The study used the 'Camarosa' strawberry genome database, and experiments were conducted with fruits harvested at different developmental and ripening stages. The transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression patterns among the AAT genes during fruit ripening, with only four genes (SAAT, FaAAT2, FaAAT7, and FaAAT9) showing increased transcript accumulation correlated with total AAT enzyme activity. Additionally, the study employed in silico methods, including sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and structural modeling, to gain insights into the AAT protein model structures with increase expression pattern during fruit ripening. The four modeled AAT proteins exhibited structural similarities, including conserved catalytic sites and solvent channels. Furthermore, the research investigated the interaction of AAT proteins with different substrates, highlighting the enzymes' promiscuity in substrate preferences. The study contributes with valuable information to unveil AAT gene family members in strawberries, providing scientific background for further exploration of their biological characteristics and their role in aroma biosynthesis during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Saez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Arriaza
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
| | - Gabriela Urra
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisca Hormazábal-Abarza
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
| | - Angela Méndez-Yáñez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
| | - Egle Castro
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile.
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile.
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Yu X, Wang M, Wang D, Wei M, Li F, Lyu Y, Liu J. Biosynthesis of Feruloyl Glycerol from Ferulic Acid and Glycerol Through a Two-Enzyme Cascade Reaction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04984-6. [PMID: 38884855 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Feruloyl glycerol (FG) has a variety of biological activities, but the green synthesis methods of FG remain rare. In this study, FG was prepared by a cascade reaction catalyzed by 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferase 4 (HCT4). The cascade reaction carried out at solvent water and room temperature is more convenient and greener. Firstly, the product derived from the cascade reaction was characterized by TLC, HPLC, FTIR, and ESI-MS. The results showed that the product was FG. Secondly, the effects of temperature, pH, enzyme ratio, Mg2+ concentration, and CoA concentration on the cascade reaction were investigated. Consequently, the highest reaction rate was obtained at 30 °C, pH 6, an enzyme ratio of 1:3, and Mg2+ concentration of 5 mM. Finally, semi-preparative scale synthesis for FG was conducted. The production of FG reached 35.1 mM at 24 h with the FG conversion of 70.18%. In a word, a novel idea for the efficient and green synthesis of FG was proposed, which had great potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyang Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dujun Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wei
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongmei Lyu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China.
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Xu D, Wang Z, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Xie Y, Wang T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of BAHD Acyltransferase Family in Taxus mairei. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3777. [PMID: 38612586 PMCID: PMC11011543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BAHD acyltransferases are involved in catalyzing and regulating the secondary metabolism in plants. Despite this, the members of BAHD family and their functions have not been reported in the Taxus species. In this study, a total of 123 TwBAHD acyltransferases from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei genome were identified and divided into six clades based on phylogenetic analysis, of which Clade VI contained a Taxus-specific branch of 52 members potentially involved in taxol biosynthesis. Most TwBAHDs from the same clade shared similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Besides the typical conserved motifs within the BAHD family, the YPLAGR motif was also conserved in multiple clades of T. mairei. Moreover, only one pair of tandem duplicate genes was found on chromosome 1, with a Ka/Ks ratio < 1, indicating that the function of duplicate genes did not differentiate significantly. RNA-seq analysis revealed different expression patterns of TwBAHDs in MeJA induction and tissue-specific expression experiments. Several TwBAHD genes in the Taxus-specific branch were highly expressed in different tissues of T. mairei, suggesting an important role in the taxol pathway. This study provides comprehensive information for the TwBAHD gene family and sets up a basis for its potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.X.); (Z.W.); (W.Z.)
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Burgos-Valencia E, Echevarría-Machado I, Ortega-Lule G, Medina-Lara F, García-Laynes F, Martínez-Estévez M, Narváez-Zapata J. Haplotype analysis, regulatory elements and docking simulation of structural models of different AT3 copies in the genus Capsicum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38354741 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are responsible for the pungency in Capsicum species. These are synthesized by the Capsaicin synthase (CS) encoded by the AT3 gene, which catalyzes the transference of an acyl moiety from a branched-chain fatty acid-CoA ester to the vanillylamine to produce capsaicinoids. Some AT3 gene copies have been identified on the Capsicum genome. The absence of capsaicinoid in some nonpungent accessions is related to mutant AT3 alleles. The differences between CS protein copies can affect the tridimensional structure of the protein and the affinity for its substrates, and this could affect fruit pungency. This study characterized 32 AT3 sequences covering Capsicum pungent and non-pungent accessions. These were clustered in AT3-D1 and AT3-D2 groups and representative sequences were analyzed. Genomic upstream analysis shows different regulatory elements, mainly responsive to light and abiotic stress. AT3-D1 and AT3-D2 gene expression was confirmed in fruit tissues of C. annuum. Amino acid substitutions close to the predictable HXXXD and DFGWG motifs were also identified. AT3 sequences were modeled showing a BAHD acyltransferase structure with two connected domains. A pocket with different shape, size and composition between AT3 models was found inside the protein, with the conserved motif HXXXD exposed to it, and a channel for their accessibility. CS substrates exhibit high interaction energies with the His and Asp conserved residues. AT3 models have different interaction affinities with the (E)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA, 8-methylnonanoyl-CoA and vanillylamine substrates. These results suggested that AT3-D1 and AT3-D2 sequences encode CS enzymes with different regulatory factors and substratum affinities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Burgos-Valencia
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gustavo Ortega-Lule
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fátima Medina-Lara
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Federico García-Laynes
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - José Narváez-Zapata
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
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Zhou J, Zou X, Deng Z, Duan L. Analysing a Group of Homologous BAHD Enzymes Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Transition of Rosmarinic Acid Synthases from Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:Shikimate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:512. [PMID: 38498481 PMCID: PMC10892161 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The interplay of various enzymes and compounds gives rise to the intricate secondary metabolic networks observed today. However, the current understanding of their formation and expansion remains limited. BAHD acyltransferases play important roles in the biosynthesis of numerous significant secondary metabolites. In plants, they are widely distributed and exhibit a diverse range of activities. Among them, rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) have gained significant recognition and have been extensively investigated as prominent members of the BAHD acyltransferase family. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study on a unique group of RAS homologous enzymes in Mentha longifolia that display both catalytic activities and molecular features similar to HCT and Lamiaceae RAS. Subsequent phylogenetic and comparative genome analyses revealed their derivation from expansion events within the HCT gene family, indicating their potential as collateral branches along the evolutionary trajectory, leading to Lamiaceae RAS while still retaining certain ancestral vestiges. This discovery provides more detailed insights into the evolution from HCT to RAS. Our collective findings indicate that gene duplication is the driving force behind the observed evolutionary pattern in plant-specialized enzymes, which probably originated from ancestral enzyme promiscuity and were subsequently shaped by principles of biological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
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6
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Guo J, Gao D, Lian J, Qu Y. De novo biosynthesis of antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline. Nat Commun 2024; 15:457. [PMID: 38212296 PMCID: PMC10784492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic drug ajmaline is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) isolated from the Ayurvedic plant Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian Snakeroot). Research into the biosynthesis of ajmaline and another renowned MIA chemotherapeutic drug vinblastine has yielded pivotal advancements in the fields of plant specialized metabolism and engineering over recent decades. While the majority of vinblastine biosynthesis has been recently elucidated, the quest for comprehending ajmaline biosynthesis remains incomplete, marked by the absence of two critical enzymes. Here, we show the discovery and characterization of these two elusive reductases, alongside the identification of two physiologically relevant esterases that complete the biosynthesis of ajmaline. We show that ajmaline biosynthesis proceeds with vomilenine 1,2(R)-reduction followed by its 19,20(S)-reduction. This process is further modulated by two root-expressing esterases that deacetylate 17-O-acetylnorajmaline. Expanding upon the successful completion of the ajmaline biosynthetic pathway, we engineer the de novo biosynthesis of ajmaline in Baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Di Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
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Zhang W, Li J, Dong Y, Huang Y, Qi Y, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. Genome-wide identification and expression of BAHD acyltransferase gene family shed novel insights into the regulation of linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate in lavender. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154143. [PMID: 38064887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily has a variety of biological functions, especially in catalyzing the synthesis of ester compounds and improving plant stress resistance. Linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate, the most important volatile esters in lavender, are generated by LaBAHDs. However, the systematic identification, expression characteristics of LaBAHD genes and their correlations with ester formation remain elusive. Here, 166 LaBAHD genes were identified from the lavender genome. Based on detailed phylogenetic analysis, the LaBAHD family genes were divided into five groups, among which the LaBAHDs involved in volatile ester biosynthesis belong to the IIIa and Va clades. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) and tandem duplications (TDs) jointly drive the expansion of LaBAHD superfamily. The promoter regions of LaBAHDs contained a variety of stress- and hormone-related motifs, as well as binding sites with five types of transcription factors (TFs). Then, linalyl acetate- and lavandulyl acetate-regulated coexpression modules were established and some candidate TFs that may function in inducing ester formation were identified. Based on the correlation analysis between the ester contents and expression profiles of BAHD genes in different tissues, five candidate genes were screened for further examination. Drought, salt and MeJA treatments increased the accumulation of linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate, and induced the expression of LaBAHDs. Our results indicated that LaBAHD57, LaBAHD63, LaBAHD104, LaBAHD105 and LaBAHD119 are crucial candidate genes involved in linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate biosynthesis. Our findings offer a theoretical foundation for further studying the specific biological functions of LaBAHD family and improving the quality of lavender essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yeqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 00093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Wang F, Zhao W, Lv W, Li P, Tian M, Xu S, Li L, Wang R, Liu F, Chen Y, Feng X. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Sinapyl Alcohol Acyltransferase from Euphorbia lathyris L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20187-20197. [PMID: 38044624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Methoxyeugenol is a phenylpropene compound derived from plants and has various bioactivities. The chemical synthesis of methoxyeugenol is accompanied by pollution issues, whereas extraction from plants is associated with problems such as low yield and high cost. The production of methoxyeugenol can be effectively addressed through an enzymatic approach. In this study, the acyltransferase genes of Euphorbia lathyris L. were screened by homologous alignment of the transcriptome data of E. lathyris in the late growth stage and the acyltransferase genes of the closely related plant species. The results showed that ElBAHD10 had the closest relationship with earlier reported ScCFAT and PhCFAT, which were found to catalyze the reaction of coniferyl alcohol to generate coniferyl acetate. The ElBAHD10 gene was successfully cloned from E. lathyris and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein ElBAHD10 catalyzed the reaction of sinapyl alcohol with acetyl CoA and cinnamoyl CoA to form sinapyl acetate and sinapyl cinnamate, respectively. In contrast, the crude ElBAHD10 protein could catalyze sinapyl alcohol to directly generate methoxyeugenol. The recombinant E. coli strain expressing ElBAHD10 produced methoxyeugenol through whole-cell transformation. This study provides insights and lays the foundation for methoxyeugenol production through biosynthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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9
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Xu D, Wang Z, Zhuang W, Wang T, Xie Y. Family characteristics, phylogenetic reconstruction, and potential applications of the plant BAHD acyltransferase family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218914. [PMID: 37868312 PMCID: PMC10585174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The BAHD acyltransferase family is a class of proteins in plants that can acylate a variety of primary and specialized secondary metabolites. The typically acylated products have greatly improved stability, lipid solubility, and bioavailability and thus show significant differences in their physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities. Here, we review the protein structure, catalytic mechanism, and phylogenetic reconstruction of plant BAHD acyltransferases to describe their family characteristics, acylation reactions, and the processes of potential functional differentiation. Moreover, the potential applications of the BAHD family in human activities are discussed from the perspectives of improving the quality of economic plants, enhancing the efficacy of medicinal plants, improving plant biomass for use in biofuel, and promoting stress resistance of land plants. This review provides a reference for the research and production of plant BAHD acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Wang L, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Chen K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang B, Ye M, Qiao X. Characterization and structure-based protein engineering of a regiospecific saponin acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5969. [PMID: 37749089 PMCID: PMC10519980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation contributes to the bioactivity of numerous medicinally important natural products. However, little is known about the acetylation on sugar moieties. Here we report a saponin acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus. AmAT7-3 is discovered through a stepwise gene mining approach and characterized as the xylose C3'/C4'-O-acetyltransferse of astragaloside IV (1). To elucidate its catalytic mechanism, complex crystal structures of AmAT7-3/1 and AmAT7-3A310G/1 are obtained, which reveal a large active pocket decided by a specific sequence AADAG. Combining with QM/MM computation, the regiospecificity of AmAT7-3 is determined by sugar positioning modulated by surrounding amino acids including #A310 and #L290. Furthermore, a small mutant library is built using semi-rational design, where variants A310G and A310W are found to catalyze specific C3'-O and C4'-O acetylation, respectively. AmAT7-3 and its variants are also employed to acetylate other bioactive saponins. This work expands the understanding of saponin acetyltransferases, and provide efficient catalytic tools for saponin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Liu G, Huang L, Lian J. Alcohol acyltransferases for the biosynthesis of esters. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:93. [PMID: 37264424 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Esters are widely used in food, energy, spices, chemical industry, etc., becoming an indispensable part of life. However, their production heavily relies on the fossil energy industry, which presents significant challenges associated with energy shortages and environmental pollution. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify alternative green methods for ester production. One promising solution is biosynthesis, which offers sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. In ester biosynthesis, alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) catalyze the condensation of acyl-CoAs and alcohols to form esters, enabling the biosynthesis of nearly 100 different kinds of esters, such as ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethyl crotonate, isoamyl acetate, and butyl butyrate. However, low catalytic efficiency and low selectivity of AATs represent the major bottlenecks for the biosynthesis of certain specific esters, which should be addressed with protein molecular engineering approaches before practical biotechnological applications. This review provides an overview of AAT enzymes, including their sequences, structures, active sites, catalytic mechanisms, and metabolic engineering applications. Furthermore, considering the critical role of AATs in determining the final ester products, the current research progresses of AAT modification using protein molecular engineering are also discussed. This review summarized the major challenges and prospects of AAT enzymes in ester biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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12
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Kim CY, Mitchell AJ, Kastner DW, Albright CE, Gutierrez MA, Glinkerman CM, Kulik HJ, Weng JK. Emergence of a proton exchange-based isomerization and lactonization mechanism in the plant coumarin synthase COSY. Nat Commun 2023; 14:597. [PMID: 36737607 PMCID: PMC9898226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants contain rapidly evolving specialized enzymes that support the biosynthesis of functionally diverse natural products. In coumarin biosynthesis, a BAHD acyltransferase-family enzyme COSY was recently discovered to accelerate coumarin formation as the only known BAHD enzyme to catalyze an intramolecular acyl transfer reaction. Here we investigate the structural and mechanistic basis for COSY's coumarin synthase activity. Our structural analyses reveal an unconventional active-site configuration adapted to COSY's specialized activity. Through mutagenesis studies and deuterium exchange experiments, we identify a unique proton exchange mechanism at the α-carbon of the o-hydroxylated trans-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA substrates during the catalytic cycle of COSY. Quantum mechanical cluster modeling and molecular dynamics further support this key mechanism for lowering the activation energy of the rate-limiting trans-to-cis isomerization step in coumarin production. This study unveils an unconventional catalytic mechanism mediated by a BAHD-family enzyme, and sheds light on COSY's evolutionary origin and its recruitment to coumarin biosynthesis in eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Y Kim
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David W Kastner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claire E Albright
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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13
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Chandrakanth NN, Zhang C, Freeman J, de Souza WR, Bartley LE, Mitchell RA. Modification of plant cell walls with hydroxycinnamic acids by BAHD acyltransferases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1088879. [PMID: 36733587 PMCID: PMC9887202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade it has become clear that enzymes in the "BAHD" family of acyl-CoA transferases play important roles in the addition of phenolic acids to form ester-linked moieties on cell wall polymers. We focus here on the addition of two such phenolics-the hydroxycinnamates, ferulate and p-coumarate-to two cell wall polymers, glucuronoarabinoxylan and to lignin. The resulting ester-linked feruloyl and p-coumaroyl moities are key features of the cell walls of grasses and other commelinid monocots. The capacity of ferulate to participate in radical oxidative coupling means that its addition to glucuronoarabinoxylan or to lignin has profound implications for the properties of the cell wall - allowing respectively oxidative crosslinking to glucuronoarabinoxylan chains or introducing ester bonds into lignin polymers. A subclade of ~10 BAHD genes in grasses is now known to (1) contain genes strongly implicated in addition of p-coumarate or ferulate to glucuronoarabinoxylan (2) encode enzymes that add p-coumarate or ferulate to lignin precursors. Here, we review the evidence for functions of these genes and the biotechnological applications of manipulating them, discuss our understanding of mechanisms involved, and highlight outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jackie Freeman
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura E. Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rowan A.C. Mitchell
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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14
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Mottiar Y, Smith RA, Karlen SD, Ralph J, Mansfield SD. Evolution of p-coumaroylated lignin in eudicots provides new tools for cell wall engineering. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:251-264. [PMID: 36196006 PMCID: PMC10099755 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) is a hallmark feature of the secondary cell walls in commelinid monocot plants. It has been shown that pCA groups arise during lignin polymerisation from the participation of monolignol conjugates assembled by p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) enzymes, members of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. Herein, we report that a eudicot species, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), naturally contains p-coumaroylated lignin in the core tissues of the stems but not in the bast fibres. Moreover, we identified a novel acyltransferase, HcPMT, that shares <30% amino acid identity with known monocot PMT sequences. Recombinant HcPMT showed a preference in enzyme assays for p-coumaroyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA as acyl donor substrates and sinapyl alcohol as an acyl acceptor. Heterologous expression of HcPMT in hybrid poplar trees led to the incorporation of pCA in lignin, but no improvement in the saccharification potential of the wood. This work illustrates the value in mining diverse plant taxa for new monolignol acyltransferases. Furthermore, the occurrence of pCA outside monocot lineages may represent another example of convergent evolution in lignin structure. This discovery expands textbook views on cell wall biochemistry and provides a new molecular tool for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mottiar
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
| | - Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin433 Babcock DriveMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin1552 University AvenueMadisonWI53726USA
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British Columbia6270 University BoulevardVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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15
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Beltrame LC, Thompson CE, Freitas LB. Molecular evolution and structural analyses of proteins involved in metabolic pathways of volatile organic compounds in Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae). Genet Mol Biol 2022; 46:e20220114. [PMID: 36534952 PMCID: PMC9762610 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between plants and their pollinators is essential for increasing the diversity in angiosperms. Morphological and physiological traits, mainly floral scent, can influence the pollination dynamics and select pollinators for each plant species. In this work, we studied two proteins involved in producing volatile organic compounds in plants, conyferyl alcohol acyltransferase (CFAT) and benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol/phenyl ethanol benzoyl transferase (BPBT) genes. We aimed to understand these proteins with respect to evolutionary and structural aspects and functions in Solanaceae using phylogenetic methods and comparative molecular modeling. We used Bayesian inference to describe the proteins' evolutionary history using Petunia x hybrida as a query to search for homologs in the Solanaceae family. Theoretical 3D models were obtained for both proteins using Panicum virgatum as a template. The phylogenetic tree included several different enzymes with diverse biological roles in Solanaceae, displaying the transferase domain. We identified only one sequence of CFAT in the databases, which belongs to Petunia x hybrida, and found several BPBT sequences from the genera Nicotiana, Solanum, and Capsicum. The 3D structures of CFAT and BPBT have two different domains, and we have identified the amino acid residues essential for the enzymatic activity and interaction with substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Beltrame
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia E. Thompson
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Farmacociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Loreta B. Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Towards crucial post-modification in biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids: C3 oxidase and acetyltransferase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 162:110148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Zhao L, Shan C, Shan T, Xu J, Zhang S, Tao Y, Wu J. Probing the transcriptome of Boehmeria nivea reveals candidate genes associated with the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid. Gene X 2022; 833:146579. [PMID: 35598678 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Chlorogenic acids are major medically active components of Boehmeria nivea, which can be used clinically to treat hyperglycemia, pneumonia, and cancer. To identify the genes involved in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis, we analyzed transcriptome data from leaf, root, and stem tissues of Boehmeria nivea using the Illumina Hi-Seq 4000 platform. A total of 146,790 unigenes were obtained from Boehmeria nivea, of which 106,786 were annotated in public databases. In analyses of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome) database, 484 unigenes that encode the five key enzymes involved in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis were identified, and shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase was spatially simulated. Some of these key enzyme unigenes expression levels were verified by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction). Furthermore, multiple genes encoding plant resistance proteins or transcription factors were identified and analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were identified by performing pairwise comparison of genes between tissues. This study increases the number of public transcript datasets of this species and identifies candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid, laying a foundation for the further exploration of this pathway in Boehmeria nivea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Chunmiao Shan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Tingyu Shan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jingyao Xu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yijia Tao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
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18
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Qiang TY, Liu JS, Dong YQ, Mu XL, Chen Y, Luo HM, Zhang BG, Liu HT. Identification, Molecular Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Coniferyl Alcohol Acyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans in Schisandra chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881342. [PMID: 35812978 PMCID: PMC9260284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis owes its therapeutic efficacy to the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, which are limited to the Schisandraceae family and whose biosynthetic pathway has not been elucidated. Coniferyl alcohol is the synthetic precursor of various types of lignans and can be acetylated to form coniferyl acetate by coniferyl alcohol acyltransferase (CFAT), which belongs to the BAHD acyltransferase family. This catalytic reaction is important because it is the first committed step of the hypothetical biosynthetic pathway in which coniferyl alcohol gives rise to dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. However, the gene encoding CFAT in S. chinensis has not been identified. In this study, firstly we identified 37 ScBAHD genes from the transcriptome datasets of S. chinensis. According to bioinformatics, phylogenetic, and expression profile analyses, 1 BAHD gene, named ScBAHD1, was cloned from S. chinensis. The heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and in vitro activity assays revealed that the recombinant enzyme of ScBAHD1 exhibits acetyltransferase activity with coniferyl alcohol and some other alcohol substrates by using acetyl-CoA as the acetyl donor, which indicates ScBAHD1 functions as ScCFAT. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ScCFAT is mainly located in the cytoplasm. In addition, we generated a three-dimensional (3D) structure of ScCFAT by homology modeling and explored the conformational interaction between protein and ligands by molecular docking simulations. Overall, this study identified the first enzyme with catalytic activity from the Schisandraceae family and laid foundations for future investigations to complete the biosynthetic pathway of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yan Qiang
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Shi Liu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Dong
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Lu Mu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Luo
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Gang Zhang
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of the capsaicinoid nonivamide. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:106. [PMID: 35643562 PMCID: PMC9148506 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capsaicinoids are produced by plants in the Capsicum genus and are the main reason for the pungency of chili pepper fruits. They are strong agonists of TRPV1 (the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1) and used as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pain. The use of bioengineered microorganisms in a fermentation process may be an efficient route for their preparation, as well as for the discovery of (bio-)synthetic capsaicinoids with improved or novel bioactivities. Results Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to over-express a selection of amide-forming N-acyltransferase and CoA-ligase enzyme cascades using a combinatorial gene assembly method, and was screened for nonivamide production from supplemented vanillylamine and nonanoic acid. Data from this work demonstrate that Tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase from Capsicum annuum (CaAT) was most efficient for nonivamide formation in yeast, outcompeting the other candidates including AT3 (Pun1) from Capsicum spp. The CoA-ligase partner with highest activity from the ones evaluated here were from Petunia hybrida (PhCL) and Spingomonas sp. Ibu-2 (IpfF). A yeast strain expressing CaAT and IpfF produced 10.6 mg L−1 nonivamide in a controlled bioreactor setup, demonstrating nonivamide biosynthesis by S. cerevisiae for the first time. Conclusions Baker’s yeast was engineered for production of nonivamide as a model capsaicinoid, by expressing N-acyltransferases and CoA-ligases of plant and bacterial origin. The constructed yeast platform holds potential for in vivo biocatalytic formation of capsaicinoids and could be a useful tool for the discovery of novel drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01831-3.
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20
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Muratovska N, Silva P, Pozdniakova T, Pereira H, Grey C, Johansson B, Carlquist M. Towards engineered yeast as production platform for capsaicinoids. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107989. [PMID: 35623491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are bioactive alkaloids produced by the chili pepper fruit and are known to be the most potent agonists of the human pain receptor TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1). They are currently produced by extraction from chili pepper fruit or by chemical synthesis. Transfer of the biosynthetic route to a microbial host could enable more efficient capsaicinoid production by fermentation and may also enable the use of synthetic biology to create a diversity of new compounds with potentially improved properties. This review summarises the current state of the art on the biosynthesis of capsaicinoid precursors in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and discusses bioengineering strategies for achieving total synthesis from sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Muratovska
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paulo Silva
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Pozdniakova
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Humberto Pereira
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Carl Grey
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Johansson
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Smith RA, Beebe ET, Bingman CA, Vander Meulen K, Eugene A, Steiner AJ, Karlen SD, Ralph J, Fox BG. Identification and characterization of a set of monocot BAHD monolignol transferases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:37-48. [PMID: 35134228 PMCID: PMC9070852 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant BAHD acyltransferases perform a wide range of enzymatic tasks in primary and secondary metabolism. Acyl-CoA monolignol transferases, which couple a CoA substrate to a monolignol creating an ester linkage, represent a more recent class of such acyltransferases. The resulting conjugates may be used for plant defense but are also deployed as important "monomers" for lignification, in which they are incorporated into the growing lignin polymer chain. p-Coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases (PMTs) increase the production of monolignol p-coumarates, and feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferases (FMTs) catalyze the production of monolignol ferulate conjugates. We identified putative FMT and PMT enzymes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and have compared their activities to those of known monolignol transferases. The putative FMT enzymes produced both monolignol ferulate and monolignol p-coumarate conjugates, whereas the putative PMT enzymes produced monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. Enzyme activity measurements revealed that the putative FMT enzymes are not as efficient as the rice (Oryza sativa) control OsFMT enzyme under the conditions tested, but the SbPMT enzyme is as active as the control OsPMT enzyme. These putative FMTs and PMTs were transformed into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to test their activities and abilities to biosynthesize monolignol conjugates for lignification in planta. The presence of ferulates and p-coumarates on the lignin of these transformants indicated that the putative FMTs and PMTs act as functional feruloyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferases within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily T Beebe
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kirk Vander Meulen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alexis Eugene
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | | | - Steven D Karlen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Brian G Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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22
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Liang H, Lin X, Yang P, Sun Y, Wu Q, Alimujiang S, Zhao H, Ma D, Zhan R, Yang J. Genome-Wide Identification of BAHD Superfamily and Functional Characterization of Bornyl Acetyltransferases Involved in the Bornyl Acetate Biosynthesis in Wurfbainia villosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860152. [PMID: 35432416 PMCID: PMC9011770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bornyl acetate (BA) is known as a natural aromatic monoterpene ester with a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. Borneol acetyltransferase (BAT), catalyzing borneol and acetyl-CoA to synthesize BA, is alcohol acetyltransferase, which belongs to the BAHD super acyltransferase family, however, BAT, responsible for the biosynthesis of BA, has not yet been characterized. The seeds of Wurfbainia villosa (homotypic synonym: Amomum villosum) are rich in BA. Here we identified 64 members of the BAHD gene family from the genome of W. villosa using both PF02458 (transferase) and PF07247 (AATase) as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to screen the BAHD genes. A total of sixty-four WvBAHDs are distributed on 14 chromosomes and nine unanchored contigs, clustering into six clades; three WvBAHDs with PF07247 have formed a separated and novel clade: clade VI. Twelve candidate genes belonging to clade I-a, I-b, and VI were selected to clone and characterize in vitro, among which eight genes have been identified to encode BATs acetylating at least one type of borneol to synthesize BA. All eight WvBATs can utilize (-)-borneol as substrates, but only five WvBATs can catalyze (+)-borneol, which is the endogenous borneol substrate in the seeds of W. villosa; WvBAT3 and WvBAT4 present the better catalytic efficiency on (+)-borneol than the others. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of WvBATs indicate that WvBAT3 and WvBAT4 are seed-specific expression genes, and their expression levels are correlated with the accumulation of BA, suggesting WvBAT3 and WvBAT4 might be the two key BATs for BA synthesis in the seeds of W. villosa. This is the first report on BAT responsible for the last biosynthetic step of BA, which will contribute to further studies on BA biosynthesis and metabolism engineering of BA in other plants or heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yewen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shamukaer Alimujiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Goldsmith M, Barad S, Knafo M, Savidor A, Ben-Dor S, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Peleg Y, Albeck S, Dym O, Ben-Zeev E, Barbole RS, Aharoni A, Reich Z. Identification and characterization of the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the neurotoxin β-ODAP in grass pea. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101806. [PMID: 35271851 PMCID: PMC9061259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a grain legume commonly grown in Asia and Africa for food and forage. It is a highly nutritious and robust crop, capable of surviving both droughts and floods. However, it produces a neurotoxic compound, β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), which can cause a severe neurological disorder when consumed as a primary diet component. While the catalytic activity associated with β-ODAP formation was demonstrated more than 50 years ago, the enzyme responsible for this activity has not been identified. Here, we report on the identity, activity, 3D structure, and phylogenesis of this enzyme—β-ODAP synthase (BOS). We show that BOS belongs to the benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase superfamily of acyltransferases and is structurally similar to hydroxycinnamoyl transferase. Using molecular docking, we propose a mechanism for its catalytic activity, and using heterologous expression in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana benthamiana), we demonstrate that expression of BOS in the presence of its substrates is sufficient for β-ODAP production in vivo. The identification of BOS may pave the way toward engineering β-ODAP–free grass pea cultivars, which are safe for human and animal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Goldsmith
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Shiri Barad
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maor Knafo
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shira Albeck
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Dept. of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben-Zeev
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ranjit S Barbole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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24
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Zhao X, Hu X, OuYang K, Yang J, Que Q, Long J, Zhang J, Zhang T, Wang X, Gao J, Hu X, Yang S, Zhang L, Li S, Gao W, Li B, Jiang W, Nielsen E, Chen X, Peng C. Chromosome-level assembly of the Neolamarckia cadamba genome provides insights into the evolution of cadambine biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:891-908. [PMID: 34807496 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.), a close relative of Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila, is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Three major glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), cadambine and its derivatives 3β-isodihydrocadambine and 3β-dihydrocadambine, accumulate in the bark and leaves, and exhibit antimalarial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report a chromosome-scale N. cadamba genome, with 744.5 Mb assembled into 22 pseudochromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 824.14 Kb and 29.20 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of N. cadamba with Co. canephora revealed that N. cadamba underwent a relatively recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event after diverging from Co. canephora, which contributed to the evolution of the MIA biosynthetic pathway. We determined the key intermediates of the cadambine biosynthetic pathway and further showed that NcSTR1 catalyzed the synthesis of strictosidine in N. cadamba. A new component, epoxystrictosidine (C27H34N2O10, m/z 547.2285), was identified in the cadambine biosynthetic pathway. Combining genome-wide association study (GWAS), population analysis, multi-omics analysis and metabolic gene cluster prediction, this study will shed light on the evolution of MIA biosynthetic pathway genes. This N. cadamba reference sequence will accelerate the understanding of the evolutionary history of specific metabolic pathways and facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunxi OuYang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianmei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lisu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shufen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wujun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Benping Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Erik Nielsen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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25
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Sidibé A, Charles MT, Lucier JF, Xu Y, Beaulieu C. Preharvest UV-C Hormesis Induces Key Genes Associated With Homeostasis, Growth and Defense in Lettuce Inoculated With Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:793989. [PMID: 35111177 PMCID: PMC8801786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest application of hormetic doses of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) generates beneficial effects in plants. In this study, within 1 week, four UV-C treatments of 0.4 kJ/m2 were applied to 3-week-old lettuce seedlings. The leaves were inoculated with a virulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (Xcv) 48 h after the last UV-C application. The extent of the disease was tracked over time and a transcriptomic analysis was performed on lettuce leaf samples. Samples of lettuce leaves, from both control and treated groups, were taken at two different times corresponding to T2, 48 h after the last UV-C treatment and T3, 24 h after inoculation (i.e., 72 h after the last UV-C treatment). A significant decrease in disease severity between the UV-C treated lettuce and the control was observed on days 4, 8, and 14 after pathogen inoculation. Data from the transcriptomic study revealed, that in response to the effect of UV-C alone and/or UV-C + Xcv, a total of 3828 genes were differentially regulated with fold change (|log2-FC|) > 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Among these, of the 2270 genes of known function 1556 were upregulated and 714 were downregulated. A total of 10 candidate genes were verified by qPCR and were generally consistent with the transcriptomic results. The differentially expressed genes observed in lettuce under the conditions of the present study were associated with 14 different biological processes in the plant. These genes are involved in a series of metabolic pathways associated with the ability of lettuce treated with hormetic doses of UV-C to resume normal growth and to defend themselves against potential stressors. The results indicate that the hormetic dose of UV-C applied preharvest on lettuce in this study, can be considered as an eustress that does not interfere with the ability of the treated plants to carry on a set of key physiological processes namely: homeostasis, growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Sidibé
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Thérèse Charles
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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26
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Characterization of Two BAHD Acetyltransferases Highly Expressed in the Flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010013. [PMID: 35009018 PMCID: PMC8747370 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Volatile benzenoid compounds are found in diverse aromatic bouquets emitted by most moth-pollinated flowers. The night-blooming Jasminum sambac is widely cultivated worldwide in the tropics and subtropics for ornamental and industrial purposes owing to its fragrant flowers. Benzylacetate is a characteristic constituent in jasmine scent which makes up to approximately 20–30% of the total emission in the headspace or extract, but the biosynthesis enzymes and the encoding genes have not yet been described. Here, we identify two cytosolic BAHD acyltransferases specifically expressed in the petals with a positive correlation closely to the emission pattern of the volatile benzenoids. Both JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 could use benzylalcohol and acetate-CoA as substrates to make benzylacetate in vitro. The recombinant GST-JsBEAT1 has an estimated apparent Km of 447.3 μM for benzylalcohol and 546.0 μM for acetate-CoA, whereas in the instance of the His-JsBEAT2, the Km values are marginally lower, being 278.7 and 317.3 μM, respectively. However, the catalytic reactions by the GST-JsBEAT1 are more efficient than that by the His-JsBEAT2, based on the steady-state kcat parameters. Furthermore, ectopic expression of JsBEAT1 and JsBEAT2 in the transgenic P. hybrida plants, driven by a flower-specific promotor, significantly enhances the biosynthesis of benzylbenzoate and benzylacetate, as well as the total VOCs.
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27
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Fang H, Shen S, Wang D, Zhang F, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Wang R, Tao H, He F, Yang C, Peng M, Jing X, Hao Z, Liu X, Luo J, Wang GL, Ning Y. A monocot-specific hydroxycinnamoylputrescine gene cluster contributes to immunity and cell death in rice. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2381-2393. [PMID: 36654124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolamides (PAs), a diverse group of specialized metabolites, including hydroxycinnamoylputrescine (HP), hydroxycinnamoylagmatine, and hydroxycinnamoyltryptamine, are important in plant resistance to biotic stress. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis and modulation of PAs have not been fully elucidated. This study identified an HP biosynthetic gene cluster in rice (Oryza sativa) comprising one gene (OsODC) encoding a decarboxylase and two tandem-duplicated genes (OsPHT3 and OsPHT4) encoding putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferases coexpressed in different tissues. OsODC catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, which is used in HP biosynthesis involving OsPHT3 and OsPHT4. OsPHT3 or OsPHT4 overexpression causes HP accumulation and cell death and putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferases (PHT) activity-dependent resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. OsODC overexpression plants also confer enhanced resistance to M. oryzae. Notably, the basic leucine zipper transcription factor APIP5, a negative regulator of cell death, directly binds to the OsPHT4 promoter, repressing its transcription. Moreover, APIP5 suppression induces OsPHT4 expression and HP accumulation. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the HP biosynthetic gene cluster is conserved in monocots. These results characterized a previously unidentified monocot-specific gene cluster that is involved in HP biosynthesis and contributes to defense and cell death in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 572208, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhou W, Kong W, Yang C, Feng R, Xi W. Alcohol Acyltransferase Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of C6 Esters in Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763139. [PMID: 34868159 PMCID: PMC8636060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain esters derived from fatty acid contribute to the characteristic flavor of apricot fruit, and the biosynthesis of these compounds in fruit is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferase (AAT). In this work, we investigated the AAT gene family via genome-wide scanning, and three AAT loci were identified in different linkage groups (LGs), with PaAAT1 (PARG22907m01) in LG7, PaAAT2 (PARG15279m01) in LG4, and PaAAT3 (PARG22697m01) in LG6. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PaAAT1 belongs to clade 3, while PaAAT2 and PaAAT3 belong to clade 1 and clade 2, respectively. In contrast, the three AAT genes present different expression patterns. Only PaAAT1 exhibited distinct patterns of fruit-specific expression, and the expression of PaAAT1 sharply increased during fruit ripening, which is consistent with the abundance of C4-C6 esters such as (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. The transient overexpression of PaAAT1 in Katy (KT) apricot fruit resulted in a remarkable decrease in hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenol levels while significantly increasing the corresponding acetate production (p < 0.01). A substrate assay revealed that the PaAAT1 protein enzyme can produce hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate when C6 alcohols are used as substrates for the reaction. Taken together, these results indicate that PaAAT1 plays a crucial role in the production of C6 esters in apricot fruit during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Zhou
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- China Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhang Feng
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Kumar G, Kumar P, Kapoor R, Lore JS, Bhatia D, Kumar A. Characterization of evolutionarily distinct rice BAHD-Acyltransferases provides insight into their plausible role in rice susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20140. [PMID: 34498798 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce diverse secondary metabolites in response to different environmental cues including pathogens. The modification of secondary metabolites, including acylation, modulates their biological activity, stability, transport, and localization. A plant-specific BAHD-acyltransferase (BAHD-AT) gene family members catalyze the acylation of secondary metabolites. Here we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAHD-ATs at the genome-wide level and endeavor to define their plausible role in the tolerance against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. We identified a total of 85 rice OsBAHD-AT genes and classified them into five canonical clades based on their phylogenetic relationship with characterized BAHD-ATs from other plant species. The time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of OsBAHD-AT genes and qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation showed higher expression in sheath blight susceptible rice genotype. Furthermore, the DNA methylation analysis revealed higher hypomethylation of OsBAHD-AT genes that corresponds to their higher expression in susceptible rice genotype, indicating epigenetic regulation of OsBAHD-AT genes in response to R. solani AG1-IA inoculation. The results shown here indicate that BAHD-ATs may have a negative role in rice tolerance against R. solani AG1-IA possibly mediated through the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. Altogether, the present analysis suggests the putative functions of several OsBAHD-AT genes, which will provide a blueprint for their functional characterization and to understand the rice-R. solani AG1-IA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Jagjeet Singh Lore
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Dharminder Bhatia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Martínez-Cárdenas A, Cruz-Zamora Y, Fajardo-Hernández CA, Villanueva-Silva R, Cruz-García F, Raja HA, Figueroa M. Genome Mining and Molecular Networking-Based Metabolomics of the Marine Facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175362. [PMID: 34500798 PMCID: PMC8433890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine-facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854, isolated from the Caleta Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, has provided an interesting diversity of secondary metabolites, including a series of rare dioxomorpholines, peptides, and butyrolactones. Here, we report on the genomic data, which consists of 11 contigs (N50~3.95 Mb) with a ~30.75 Mb total length of assembly. Genome annotation resulted in the prediction of 10,822 putative genes. Functional annotation was accomplished by BLAST searching protein sequences with different public databases. Of the predicted genes, 75% were assigned gene ontology terms. From the 67 BGCs identified, ~60% belong to the NRPS and NRPS-like classes. Putative BGCs for the dioxomorpholines and other metabolites were predicted by extensive genome mining. In addition, metabolomic molecular networking analysis allowed the annotation of all isolated compounds and revealed the biosynthetic potential of this fungus. This work represents the first report of whole-genome sequencing and annotation from a marine-facultative fungal strain isolated from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Yuridia Cruz-Zamora
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Carlos A. Fajardo-Hernández
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Villanueva-Silva
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5622-5290
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Yamane M, Takenoya M, Yajima S, Sue M. Molecular and structural characterization of agmatine coumaroyltransferase in Triticeae, the key regulator of hydroxycinnamic acid amide accumulation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112825. [PMID: 34119689 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are involved in stress-induced defense in many plant species. Barley accumulates high concentrations of HCAAs irrespective of exogenous stressors, while other major cereals such as wheat and rice accumulate relatively low levels of HCAAs in intact tissues. The primary HCAA species in barley are biosynthesized by agmatine p-coumaroyltransferase (ACT), an N-acyltransferase of the BAHD superfamily. However, the molecular basis underlying barley's uniquely high HCAA accumulation has not been elucidated, and information regarding the structural details of BAHD N-acyltransferases is limited. Hence, we aimed to investigate the ACTs of family Poaceae. We isolated ACT (-like) genes, including those previously undescribed, and investigated their enzymatic and genetic features. All the identified enzymes belonged to clade IVa of the BAHD superfamily. The barley and wheat ACTs were further categorized, based on catalytic properties and primary structures, into ACT1 and ACT2 groups, the encoding loci of which are neighbors on the same chromosome. While all ACTs exhibited similar Km values for CoA-thioesters (acyl-group donors), members of the ACT1 group showed a distinctly higher affinity for agmatine (acyl-acceptor). Among the ACTs tested, an ACT isozyme in barley (HvACT1-1) showed the highest catalytic efficiency and transcript level, indicating that ACT regulates high-level HCAA accumulation in barley. For further enzymatic characterization of the ACTs, we crystalized wheat ACT2 (TaACT2) and determined its structure at 2.3 Å resolution. Structural alignment of TaACT2 and HvACT1-1 showed that the architectures of the substrate binding pockets were well conserved. However, the structure of a loop located at the entrance to acyl-acceptor binding site may be more flexible in TaACT2, which could be responsible for the lower affinity of TaACT2 to agmatine. Mutations of HvACT1-1 at Glu372 and Asp374 within one of the clade-IV specific motifs facing the deduced acyl-acceptor binding pocket caused significant catalytic deterioration toward agmatine both in Km and kcat, suggesting their key roles in acyl acceptor binding by the clade-IV enzymes. This study elucidated the molecular basis of how plants accumulate defensive specialized metabolites and provided insights into developing efficient and eco-friendly agricultural methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo Yamane
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Mihoko Takenoya
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Wang L, Chen K, Wang Z, Yi Y, Zhang M, Hasan A, Kuang Y, Shaker S, Yu R, Wang H, Liu H, Ye M, Qiao X. AmAT19, an acetyltransferase from Astragalus membranaceus, catalyses specific 6α-OH acetylation for tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7186-7189. [PMID: 34378606 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids are pharmacologically important molecules, and acetylation could improve their bioactivities. In this study, a highly regio- and stereo-specific acetyltransferase, AmAT19, was discovered from Astragalus membranaceus. AmAT19 could selectively catalyze the 6α-OH acetylation of four tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids. The strict selectivity is associated with different orientations of the 6α/β-OH as indicated by molecular docking. Acetylated products 1a, 3a and 4a remarkably increased the inhibitory activity against the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, compared to 1, 3, and 4. AmAT19 could be a promising catalyst for specific 6α-OH acetylation to expand the molecular diversity of triterpenes and steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Tropper M, Höhn S, Wolf LS, Fritsch J, Kastner-Detter N, Rieck C, Munkert J, Meitinger N, Lanig H, Kreis W. 21-Hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonylation, a crucial step in cardenolide biosynthesis, can be achieved by substrate-promiscuous BAHD-type phenolic glucoside malonyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana and homolog proteins from Digitalis lanata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112710. [PMID: 33930670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three putative 21-hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonyltransferases (21MaT) from Digitalis lanata were partially purified. Two of them were supposed to be BAHD-type enzymes. We were unable to purify them in quantities necessary for reliable sequencing. We identified two genes in A. thaliana coding for substrate-promiscuous BAHD-type phenolic glucoside malonyltransferases (AtPMaT1, AtPMaT2) and docked various 21-hydroxypregnanes into the substrate-binding site of a homology model built on the BAHD template 2XR7 (NtMaT1 from N. tabacum). Recombinant forms of Atpmat1 and Atpmat2 were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant enzymes characterized with regard to their substrate preferences. They were shown to malonylate various 21-hydroxypregnanes. The Atpmat1 sequence was used to identify candidate genes in Digitalis lanata (Dlmat1 to Dlmat4). Dlmat1 and Dlmat2 were also expressed in E. coli and shown to possess 21-hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tropper
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Höhn
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Wolf
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Fritsch
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Kastner-Detter
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rieck
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Meitinger
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Lanig
- Zentralinstitut für Scientific Computing (ZISC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 5a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Wang L, Chen K, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Catalytic function, mechanism, and application of plant acyltransferases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:125-144. [PMID: 34151663 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyltransferases (ATs) are important tailoring enzymes that contribute to the diversity of natural products. They catalyze the transfer of acyl groups to the skeleton, which improves the lipid solubility, stability, and pharmacological activity of natural compounds. In recent years, a number of ATs have been isolated from plants. In this review, we have summarized 141 biochemically characterized ATs during the period July 1997 to October 2020, including their function, heterologous expression systems, and catalytic mechanisms. Their catalytic performance and application potential has been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Murayama K, Kato-Murayama M, Sato T, Hosaka T, Ishiguro K, Mizuno T, Kitao K, Honma T, Yokoyama S, Tanaka Y, Shirouzu M. Anthocyanin 5,3'-aromatic acyltransferase from Gentiana triflora, a structural insight into biosynthesis of a blue anthocyanin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112727. [PMID: 33743393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The acylation of anthocyanins contributes to their structural diversity. Aromatic acylation is responsible for the blue color of anthocyanins and certain flowers. Aromatic acyltransferase from Gentiana triflora Pall. (Gentianaceae) (Gt5,3'AT) catalyzes the acylation of glucosyl moieties at the 5 and 3' positions of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin acyltransferase transfers an acyl group to a single position, such that Gt5,3'AT possesses a unique enzymatic activity. Structural investigation of this aromatic acyl group transfer is fundamental to understand the molecular mechanism of the acylation of double positions. In this study, structural analyses of Gt5,3'AT were conducted to identify the underlying mechanism. The crystal structure indicated that Gt5,3'AT shares structural similarities with other BAHD family enzymes, consisting of N and C terminal lobes. Structural comparison revealed that acyl group preference (aromatic or aliphatic) for the enzymes was determined by four amino acid positions, which are well conserved in aromatic and aliphatic CoA-binding acyltransferases. Although a complex structure with anthocyanins was not obtained, the binding of delphinidin 3,5,3'-triglucoside to Gt5,3'AT was investigated by evaluating the molecular dynamics. The simulation indicated that acyl transfer by Gt5,3'AT preferentially occurs at the 5-position rather than at the 3'-position, with interacting amino acids that are mainly located in the C-terminal lobe. Subsequent assays of chimeric enzymes (exchange of the N-terminal lobe and the C-terminal lobe between Gt5,3'AT and lisianthus anthocyanin 5AT) demonstrated that acyl transfer selectivity may be caused by the C-terminal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kato-Murayama
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sato
- Laboratory for Structure-Based Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hosaka
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishiguro
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizuno
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kitao
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Laboratory for Structure-Based Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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Wang T, Li L, Zhuang W, Zhang F, Shu X, Wang N, Wang Z. Recent Research Progress in Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway and Acylation Reactions Mediated by Taxus Acyltransferases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102855. [PMID: 34065782 PMCID: PMC8151764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is one of the most effective anticancer drugs in the world that is widely used in the treatments of breast, lung and ovarian cancer. The elucidation of the taxol biosynthetic pathway is the key to solve the problem of taxol supply. So far, the taxol biosynthetic pathway has been reported to require an estimated 20 steps of enzymatic reactions, and sixteen enzymes involved in the taxol pathway have been well characterized, including a novel taxane-10β-hydroxylase (T10βOH) and a newly putative β-phenylalanyl-CoA ligase (PCL). Moreover, the source and formation of the taxane core and the details of the downstream synthetic pathway have been basically depicted, while the modification of the core taxane skeleton has not been fully reported, mainly concerning the developments from diol intermediates to 2-debenzoyltaxane. The acylation reaction mediated by specialized Taxus BAHD family acyltransferases (ACTs) is recognized as one of the most important steps in the modification of core taxane skeleton that contribute to the increase of taxol yield. Recently, the influence of acylation on the functional and structural diversity of taxanes has also been continuously revealed. This review summarizes the latest research advances of the taxol biosynthetic pathway and systematically discusses the acylation reactions supported by Taxus ACTs. The underlying mechanism could improve the understanding of taxol biosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the mass production of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Lingyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (L.L.); (W.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.S.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-84347055
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Schnabel A, Athmer B, Manke K, Schumacher F, Cotinguiba F, Vogt T. Identification and characterization of piperine synthase from black pepper, Piper nigrum L. Commun Biol 2021; 4:445. [PMID: 33833371 PMCID: PMC8032705 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is the world's most popular spice and is also used as an ingredient in traditional medicine. Its pungent perception is due to the interaction of its major compound, piperine (1-piperoyl-piperidine) with the human TRPV-1 or vanilloid receptor. We now identify the hitherto concealed enzymatic formation of piperine from piperoyl coenzyme A and piperidine based on a differential RNA-Seq approach from developing black pepper fruits. This enzyme is described as piperine synthase (piperoyl-CoA:piperidine piperoyl transferase) and is a member of the BAHD-type of acyltransferases encoded by a gene that is preferentially expressed in immature fruits. A second BAHD-type enzyme, also highly expressed in immature black pepper fruits, has a rather promiscuous substrate specificity, combining diverse CoA-esters with aliphatic and aromatic amines with similar efficiencies, and was termed piperamide synthase. Recombinant piperine and piperamide synthases are members of a small gene family in black pepper. They can be used to facilitate the microbial production of a broad range of medicinally relevant aliphatic and aromatic piperamides based on a wide array of CoA-donors and amine-derived acceptors, offering widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Schnabel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benedikt Athmer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kerstin Manke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Fernando Cotinguiba
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Cell and Metabolic Biology, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Cardenas CL, Costa MA, Laskar DD, Moinuddin SGA, Lee C, Davin LB, Lewis NG. RNA i Modulation of Chlorogenic Acid and Lignin Deposition in Nicotiana tabacum and Insufficient Compensatory Metabolic Cross-Talk. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:694-706. [PMID: 33687206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and guaiacyl/syringyl (G/S) lignin formation involves hydroxycinnamoyl ester intermediacy, the latter formed via hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) activities. HQT and HCT RNAi silencing of a commercial tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) K326 line was examined herein. NtHQT gene silencing gave relatively normal plant phenotypes, with CGA levels reduced (down to 1% of wild type) with no effects on lignin. RNAi NtHCT silencing had markedly adverse phenotypes (e.g., stunted, multiple stems, delayed flowering, with senescence delayed by several months). Lignin contents were partially lowered, with a small increase in cleavable p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomers; those plants had no detectable CGA level differences relative to wild type. In vitro NtHCT kinetic parameters revealed preferential p-coumaroyl CoA and shikimate esterification, as compared to other structurally related potential acyl group donors and acceptors. In the presence of coenzyme A, NtHCT catalyzed the reverse reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of NtHCT (His153Ala) abolished enzymatic activity. NtHQT, by comparison, catalyzed preferential conversion of p-coumaroyl CoA and quinic acid to form p-coumaroyl quinate, the presumed CGA precursor. In sum, metabolic pathways to CGA and lignins appear to be fully independent, and previous conflicting reports of substrate versatilities and metabolic cross-talk are resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Cardenas
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Michael A Costa
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Dhrubojyoti D Laskar
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Syed G A Moinuddin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Choonseok Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Laurence B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
| | - Norman G Lewis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, United States
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Haslam TM, Kunst L. Arabidopsis ECERIFERUM2-LIKEs Are Mediators of Condensing Enzyme Function. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 61:2126-2138. [PMID: 33079186 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Condensing enzymes catalyze the committed reaction of fatty acid elongation and determine the chain length of fatty acids accepted and produced by the elongation complex. While necessary for the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), identified plant condensing enzymes cannot efficiently produce VLCFAs longer than 28 carbons, which are precursors for the most abundant cuticular waxes of most plant species that have been surveyed. The eceriferum2 (cer2) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana has a severe wax-deficient phenotype and specifically lacks waxes longer than 28 carbons, but the CER2 protein does not share sequence similarity with condensing enzymes. Instead, CER2 is homologous to BAHD acyltransferases. Heterologous expression in yeast previously demonstrated that CER2, and a small clade of BAHD acyltransferases with high sequence identity to CER2, can extend the chain-length specificity of the condensing enzyme CER6. This biochemical function is distinct from that of the broader BAHD acyltransferase family. The product specificity and physiological functions of individual CER2-LIKE proteins are unique. Here, we demonstrate that CER2 physically interacts with the fatty acid elongase. We cloned chimeric CER2-LIKE proteins and expressed these in yeast cells to identify the features that define the substrate specificities of CER2-LIKEs. We generated homology-based structural models to compare CER2-LIKEs and BAHD acyltransferases. In addition, based on the current phylogenetic analysis of the CER2-LIKE clade, we describe two further Arabidopsis CER2-LIKE genes, CER2-LIKE3 and CER2-LIKE4. We used yeast expression and mutant analysis to characterize these genes. Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of the functions of CER2-LIKEs, the BAHD acyltransferase family and cuticular wax metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
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Xu Y, Tie W, Yan Y, Xu B, Liu J, Li M, Yang J, Zeng J, Hu W, Jin Z. Identification and expression of the BAHD family during development, ripening, and stress response in banana. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1127-1138. [PMID: 33492573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The BAHD family is involved in different biological roles in plants, including secondary metabolite synthesis, improving abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and influencing fruit quality. However, the knowledge about BAHD in banana, an important fruit crop, is limited. In this study, 46 banana BAHD genes (MaBAHDs) were identified and divided into four groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Most of the MaBAHD genes in the same group presented similar conserved motifs and genetic structures. MaBAHD genes have similar expression patterns in two banana varieties, and more genes showed high expressions in the roots. The comprehensive MaBAHD gene expression patterns obtained from two varieties of banana showed valuable information regarding their participation in fruit development, ripening, and response to abiotic/biotic stresses, suggesting that they play key roles in these processes. The systematic analysis of MaBAHD genes offered basic insight for further gene functional assays and potential applications in genetically improving banana cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
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Yamane M, Takenoya M, Yajima S, Sue M. Crystal structure of barley agmatine coumaroyltransferase, an N-acyltransferase from the BAHD superfamily. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 76:590-596. [PMID: 33263570 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20014880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes of the BAHD superfamily, a large group of acyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferases in plants, are involved in the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites. While the structures of several O-acyltransferases from the BAHD superfamily, such as hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, have been elucidated, no structural information on N-acyltransferases is available. Hordeum vulgare agmatine coumaroyltransferase (HvACT) is an N-acyltransferase from the BAHD superfamily and is one of the most important enzymes in the secondary metabolism of barley. Here, an apo-form structure of HvACT is reported as the first structure of an N-acyltransferase from the BAHD superfamily. HvACT crystals diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution and belonged to the monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 57.6, b = 59.5, c = 73.6 Å, α = 90, β = 91.3 , γ = 90°. Like other known BAHD superfamily structures, HvACT contains two domains that adopt a two-layer αβ-sandwich architecture and a solvent-exposed channel that penetrates the enzyme core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo Yamane
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Takenoya
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Kong D, Li S, Smolke CD. Discovery of a previously unknown biosynthetic capacity of naringenin chalcone synthase by heterologous expression of a tomato gene cluster in yeast. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabd1143. [PMID: 33127687 PMCID: PMC7608815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS) canonically catalyzes carbon-carbon bond formation through iterative decarboxylative Claisen condensation. Here, we characterize a previously unidentified biosynthetic capability of SlCHS to catalyze nitrogen-carbon bond formation, leading to the production of a hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HCAA) compound. By expressing a putative tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) gene cluster in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we elucidate the activity of a pathway consisting of a carboxyl methyltransferase (SlMT2), which methylates the yeast primary metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) to form a methyl ester, and a SlCHS, which catalyzes the condensation of 3-HAA methyl ester and p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A (CoA) through formation of an amide bond. We demonstrate that this aminoacylation activity could be a common secondary activity in plant CHSs by validating the activity in vitro with variants from S. lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana Our work demonstrates yeast as a platform for characterizing putative plant gene clusters with the potential for compound structure and enzymatic activity discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deze Kong
- Department of Bioengineering, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 230A Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Christina D Smolke
- Department of Bioengineering, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Dhar N, Sarangapani S, Reddy VA, Kumar N, Panicker D, Jin J, Chua NH, Sarojam R. Characterization of a sweet basil acyltransferase involved in eugenol biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3638-3652. [PMID: 32198522 PMCID: PMC7307857 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants produce its characteristic phenylpropene-rich essential oil in specialized structures known as peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs). Eugenol and chavicol are the major phenylpropenes produced by sweet basil varieties whose synthetic pathways are not fully elucidated. Eugenol is derived from coniferyl acetate by a reaction catalysed by eugenol synthase. An acyltransferase is proposed to convert coniferyl alcohol to coniferyl acetate which is the first committed step towards eugenol synthesis. Here, we perform a comparative next-generation transcriptome sequencing of different tissues of sweet basil, namely PGT, leaf, leaf stripped of PGTs (leaf-PGT), and roots, to identify differentially expressed transcripts specific to PGT. From these data, we identified a PGT-enriched BAHD acyltransferase gene ObCAAT1 and functionally characterized it. In vitro coupled reaction of ObCAAT1 with eugenol synthase in the presence of coniferyl alcohol resulted in eugenol production. Analysis of ObCAAT1-RNAi transgenic lines showed decreased levels of eugenol and accumulation of coniferyl alcohol and its derivatives. Coniferyl alcohol acts as a common substrate for phenylpropene and lignin biosynthesis. No differences were found in total lignin content of PGTs and leaves of transgenic lines, indicating that phenylpropene biosynthesis is not coupled to lignification in sweet basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niha Dhar
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreelatha Sarangapani
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vaishnavi Amarr Reddy
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nadimuthu Kumar
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepa Panicker
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- China Tobacco Gene Research Centre, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Lee JW, Trinh CT. Towards renewable flavors, fragrances, and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:168-180. [PMID: 31986468 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esters constitute a large space of unique molecules with broad range of applications as flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, green solvents, and advanced biofuels. Global demand of natural esters in food, household cleaner, personal care, and perfume industries is increasing while the ester supply from natural sources has been limited. Development of novel microbial cell factories for ester production from renewable feedstocks can potentially provide an alternative and sustainable source of natural esters and hence help fulfill growing demand. Here, we highlight recent advances in microbial production of esters and provide perspectives for improving its economic feasibility. As the field matures, microbial ester production platforms will enable renewable and sustainable production of flavors and fragrances, and open new market opportunities beyond what nature can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Lee
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Cong T Trinh
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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Liu C, Qiao X, Li Q, Zeng W, Wei S, Wang X, Chen Y, Wu X, Wu J, Yin H, Zhang S. Genome-wide comparative analysis of the BAHD superfamily in seven Rosaceae species and expression analysis in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:14. [PMID: 31914928 PMCID: PMC6950883 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily exhibits various biological roles in plants, including regulating fruit quality, catalytic synthesizing of terpene, phenolics and esters, and improving stress resistance. However, the copy numbers, expression characteristics and associations with fruit aroma formation of the BAHD genes remain unclear. RESULTS In total, 717 BAHD genes were obtained from the genomes of seven Rosaceae, (Pyrus bretschneideri, Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus communis and Rubus occidentalis). Based on the detailed phylogenetic analysis and classifications in model plants, we divided the BAHD family genes into seven groups, I-a, I-b, II-a, II-b, III-a, IV and V. An inter-species synteny analysis revealed the ancient origin of BAHD superfamily with 78 syntenic gene pairs were detected among the seven Rosaceae species. Different types of gene duplication events jointly drive the expansion of BAHD superfamily, and purifying selection dominates the evolution of BAHD genes supported by the small Ka/Ks ratios. Based on the correlation analysis between the ester content and expression levels of BAHD genes at different developmental stages, four candidate genes were selected for verification as assessed by qRT-PCR. The result implied that Pbr020016.1, Pbr019034.1, Pbr014028.1 and Pbr029551.1 are important candidate genes involved in aroma formation during pear fruit development. CONCLUSION We have thoroughly identified the BAHD superfamily genes and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, expansion patterns, and expression characteristics in seven Rosaceae species, and we also obtained four candidate genes involved in aroma synthesis in pear fruit. These results provide a theoretical basis for future studies of the specific biological functions of BAHD superfamily members and the improvement of pear fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Wei X, Lu W, Mao L, Han X, Wei X, Zhao X, Xia M, Xu C. ABF2 and MYB transcription factors regulate feruloyl transferase FHT involved in ABA-mediated wound suberization of kiwifruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:305-317. [PMID: 31559426 PMCID: PMC6913711 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a cell-wall biopolymer with aliphatic and aromatic domains that is synthesized in the wound tissues of plants in order to restrict water loss and pathogen infection. ω-hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (FHT) is required for cross-linking of the aliphatic and aromatic domains. ABA is known to play a positive role in suberin biosynthesis but it is not known how it interacts with FHT. In this study, the kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) AchnFHT gene was isolated and was found to be localized in the cytosol. Transient overexpression of AchnFHT in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana induced massive production of ferulate, ω-hydroxyacids, and primary alcohols, consistent with the in vitro ability of AchnFHT to catalyse acyl-transfer from feruloyl-CoA to ω-hydroxypalmitic acid and 1-tetradecanol. A regulatory function of four TFs (AchnABF2, AchnMYB4, AchnMYB41, and AchnMYB107) on AchnFHT was identified. These TFs localized in the nucleus and directly interacted with the AchnFHT promoter in yeast one-hybrid assays. Dual-luciferase analysis indicated that AchnABF2, AchnMYB41, and AchnMYB107 activated the AchnFHT promoter while AchnMYB4 repressed it. These findings were supported by the results of transient overexpression in N. benthamiana, in which AchnABF2, AchnMYB41, and AchnMYB107 induced expression of suberin biosynthesis genes (including FHT) and accumulation of suberin monomers, whilst AchnMYB4 had the opposite effect. Exogenous ABA induced the expression of AchnABF2, AchnMYB41, AchnMYB107, and AchnFHT and induced suberin monomer formation, but it inhibited AchnMYB4 expression. In addition, fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) was found to counter the inductive effects of ABA. Activation of suberin monomer biosynthesis by AchnFHT was therefore controlled in a coordinated way by both repression of AchnMYB4 and promotion of AchnABF2, AchnMYB41, and AchnMYB107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xueyuan Han
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang C, Li J, Ma M, Lin Z, Hu W, Lin W, Zhang P. Structural and Biochemical Insights Into Two BAHD Acyltransferases ( AtSHT and AtSDT) Involved in Phenolamide Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610118. [PMID: 33519864 PMCID: PMC7838080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenolamides represent one of the largest classes of plant-specialized secondary metabolites and function in diverse physiological processes, including defense responses and development. The biosynthesis of phenolamides requires the BAHD-family acyltransferases, which transfer acyl-groups from different acyl-donors specifically to amines, the acyl-group acceptors. However, the mechanisms of substrate specificity and multisite-acylation of the BAHD-family acyltransferases remain poorly understood. In this study, we provide a structural and biochemical analysis of AtSHT and AtSDT, two representative BAHD-family members that catalyze the multisite acylation of spermidine but show different product profiles. By determining the structures of AtSHT and AtSDT and using structure-based mutagenesis, we identified the residues important for substrate recognition in AtSHT and AtSDT and hypothesized that the acyl acceptor spermidine might adopt a free-rotating conformation in AtSHT, which can undergo mono-, di-, or tri-acylation; while the spermidine molecule in AtSDT might adopt a linear conformation, which only allows mono- or di-acylation to take place. In addition, through sequence similarity network (SSN) and structural modeling analysis, we successfully predicted and verified the functions of two uncharacterized Arabidopsis BAHD acyltransferases, OAO95042.1 and NP_190301.2, which use putrescine as the main acyl-acceptor. Our work provides not only an excellent starting point for understanding multisite acylation in BAHD-family enzymes, but also a feasible methodology for predicting possible acyl acceptor specificity of uncharacterized BAHD-family acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaolian Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Wei Lin,
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhang,
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Levsh O, Pluskal T, Carballo V, Mitchell AJ, Weng JK. Independent evolution of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in two sister families under the Lamiids clade of flowering plants. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15193-15205. [PMID: 31481469 PMCID: PMC6802498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means to maintain their sessile lifestyle amid challenging environments, plants produce an enormous diversity of compounds as chemical defenses against biotic and abiotic insults. The underpinning metabolic pathways that support the biosynthesis of these specialized chemicals in divergent plant species provide a rich arena for understanding the molecular evolution of complex metabolic traits. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic natural product first discovered in plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is recognized for its wide range of medicinal properties and potential applications in human dietary and medical interventions. Interestingly, the RA chemotype is present sporadically in multiple taxa of flowering plants as well as some hornworts and ferns, prompting the question whether its biosynthesis arose independently across different lineages. Here we report the elucidation of the RA biosynthetic pathway in Phacelia campanularia (desert bells). This species represents the borage family (Boraginaceae), an RA-producing family closely related to the Lamiaceae within the Lamiids clade. Using a multi-omics approach in combination with functional characterization of candidate genes both in vitro and in vivo, we found that RA biosynthesis in P. campanularia involves specific activities of a BAHD acyltransferase and two cytochrome P450 hydroxylases. Further phylogenetic and comparative structure-function analyses of the P. campanularia RA biosynthetic enzymes clearly indicate that RA biosynthesis has evolved independently at least twice in the Lamiids, an exemplary case of chemotypic convergence through disparate evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Levsh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Valentina Carballo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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Vanholme R, Sundin L, Seetso KC, Kim H, Liu X, Li J, De Meester B, Hoengenaert L, Goeminne G, Morreel K, Haustraete J, Tsai HH, Schmidt W, Vanholme B, Ralph J, Boerjan W. COSY catalyses trans-cis isomerization and lactonization in the biosynthesis of coumarins. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1066-1075. [PMID: 31501530 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins, also known as 1,2-benzopyrones, comprise a large class of secondary metabolites that are ubiquitously found throughout the plant kingdom. In many plant species, coumarins are particularly important for iron acquisition and plant defence. Here, we show that COUMARIN SYNTHASE (COSY) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of coumarins. Arabidopsis thaliana cosy mutants have strongly reduced levels of coumarin and accumulate o-hydroxyphenylpropanoids instead. Accordingly, cosy mutants have reduced iron content and show growth defects when grown under conditions in which there is a limited availability of iron. Recombinant COSY is able to produce umbelliferone, esculetin and scopoletin from their respective o-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters by two reaction steps-a trans-cis isomerization followed by a lactonization. This conversion happens partially spontaneously and is catalysed by light, which explains why the need for an enzyme for this conversion has been overlooked. The combined results show that COSY has an essential function in the biosynthesis of coumarins in organs that are shielded from light, such as roots. These findings provide routes to improving coumarin production in crops or by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Sundin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keletso Carol Seetso
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Meester
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Hoengenaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Metabolomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Haustraete
- Protein Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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Chacón MG, Kendrick EG, Leak DJ. Engineering Escherichia coli for the production of butyl octanoate from endogenous octanoyl-CoA. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6971. [PMID: 31304053 PMCID: PMC6610577 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium chain esters produced from fruits and flowering plants have a number of commercial applications including use as flavour and fragrance ingredients, biofuels, and in pharmaceutical formulations. These esters are typically made via the activity of an alcohol acyl transferase (AAT) enzyme which catalyses the condensation of an alcohol and an acyl-CoA. Developing a microbial platform for medium chain ester production using AAT activity presents several obstacles, including the low product specificity of these enzymes for the desired ester and/or low endogenous substrate availability. In this study, we engineered Escherichia coli for the production of butyl octanoate from endogenously produced octanoyl-CoA. This was achieved through rational protein engineering of an AAT enzyme from Actinidia chinensis for improved octanoyl-CoA substrate specificity and metabolic engineering of E. coli fatty acid metabolism for increased endogenous octanoyl-CoA availability. This resulted in accumulation of 3.3 + 0.1 mg/L butyl octanoate as the sole product from E. coli after 48 h. This study represents a preliminary examination of the feasibility of developing E. coli platforms for the synthesis single medium chain esters from endogenous fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela G Chacón
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | | | - David J Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, England
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