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Panda SK, Gupta D, Patel M, Vyver CVD, Koyama H. Functionality of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Plants: Toxicity and Control in Poaceae Crops Exposed to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2071. [PMID: 39124190 PMCID: PMC11313751 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and changing environmental conditions are closely related, as weather changes could adversely affect living organisms or regions of crop cultivation. Changing environmental conditions trigger different abiotic stresses, which ultimately cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Common ROS production sites are the chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. The imbalance in ROS production and ROS detoxification in plant cells leads to oxidative damage to biomolecules such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. At low concentrations, ROS initiates signaling events related to development and adaptations to abiotic stress in plants by inducing signal transduction pathways. In plants, a stress signal is perceived by various receptors that induce a signal transduction pathway that activates numerous signaling networks, which disrupt gene expression, impair the diversity of kinase/phosphatase signaling cascades that manage the stress response in the plant, and result in changes in physiological responses under various stresses. ROS production also regulates ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways to mitigate drought stress. This review focuses on the common subcellular location of manufacturing, complex signaling mechanisms, and networks of ROS, with an emphasis on cellular effects and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant scavenging mechanisms of ROS in Poaceae crops against drought stress and how the manipulation of ROS regulates stress tolerance in plants. Understanding ROS systems in plants could help to create innovative strategies to evolve paths of cell protection against the negative effects of excessive ROS in attempts to improve crop productivity in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mayur Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Christell Van Der Vyver
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7601, South Africa;
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Lind DJ, Naidoo KC, Tomalin LE, Rohwer JM, Veal EA, Pillay CS. Quantifying redox transcription factor dynamics as a tool to investigate redox signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:16-25. [PMID: 38574974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A critical feature of the cellular antioxidant response is the induction of gene expression by redox-sensitive transcription factors. In many cells, activating these transcription factors is a dynamic process involving multiple redox steps, but it is unclear how these dynamics should be measured. Here, we show how the dynamic profile of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pap1 transcription factor is quantifiable by three parameters: signal amplitude, signal time and signal duration. In response to increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations, the Pap1 amplitude decreased while the signal time and duration showed saturable increases. In co-response plots, these parameters showed a complex, non-linear relationship to the mRNA levels of four Pap1-regulated genes. We also demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide trigger quantifiably distinct Pap1 activation profiles and transcriptional responses. Based on these findings, we propose that different oxidants and oxidant concentrations modulate the Pap1 dynamic profile, leading to specific transcriptional responses. We further show how the effect of combination and pre-exposure stresses on Pap1 activation dynamics can be quantified using this approach. This method is therefore a valuable addition to the redox signalling toolbox that may illuminate the role of dynamics in determining appropriate responses to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Lind
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Kelisa C Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Lewis E Tomalin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johann M Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ché S Pillay
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
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3
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Jose E, March-Steinman W, Wilson BA, Shanks L, Parkinson C, Alvarado-Cruz I, Sweasy JB, Paek AL. Temporal coordination of the transcription factor response to H 2O 2 stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3440. [PMID: 38653977 PMCID: PMC11039679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress from excess H2O2 activates transcription factors that restore redox balance and repair oxidative damage. Although many transcription factors are activated by H2O2, it is unclear whether they are activated at the same H2O2 concentration, or time. Dose-dependent activation is likely as oxidative stress is not a singular state and exhibits dose-dependent outcomes including cell-cycle arrest and cell death. Here, we show that transcription factor activation is both dose-dependent and coordinated over time. Low levels of H2O2 activate p53, NRF2 and JUN. Yet under high H2O2, these transcription factors are repressed, and FOXO1, NF-κB, and NFAT1 are activated. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the order in which these two groups of transcription factors are activated depends on whether H2O2 is administered acutely by bolus addition, or continuously through the glucose oxidase enzyme. Finally, we provide evidence that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins control which group of transcription factors are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jose
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Bryce A Wilson
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Lisa Shanks
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chance Parkinson
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cruz
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Andrew L Paek
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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4
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Siebieszuk A, Sejbuk M, Witkowska AM. Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16169. [PMID: 38003359 PMCID: PMC10671191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the profound nature of the human-microbiome relationship and its importance for health. Together with the discovery of circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic gut bacteria and circadian rhythms in anucleated cells, these findings have indicated the possibility that virtually all microorganisms may possess functional biological clocks. However, they have also raised many essential questions concerning the fundamentals of biological timekeeping, its evolution, and its origin. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent literature in molecular chronobiology, aiming to bring together the latest evidence on the structure and mechanisms driving microbial biological clocks while pointing to potential applications of this knowledge in medicine. Moreover, it discusses the latest hypotheses regarding the evolution of timing mechanisms and describes the functions of peroxiredoxins in cells and their contribution to the cellular clockwork. The diversity of biological clocks among various human-associated microorganisms and the role of transcriptional and post-translational timekeeping mechanisms are also addressed. Finally, recent evidence on metabolic oscillators and host-microbiome communication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Siebieszuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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5
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Cao M, Day AM, Galler M, Latimer HR, Byrne DP, Foy TW, Dwyer E, Bennett E, Palmer J, Morgan BA, Eyers PA, Veal EA. A peroxiredoxin-P38 MAPK scaffold increases MAPK activity by MAP3K-independent mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3140-3154.e7. [PMID: 37572670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) utilize reversibly oxidized cysteine residues to reduce peroxides and promote H2O2 signal transduction, including H2O2-induced activation of P38 MAPK. Prdxs form H2O2-induced disulfide complexes with many proteins, including multiple kinases involved in P38 MAPK signaling. Here, we show that a genetically encoded fusion between a Prdx and P38 MAPK is sufficient to hyperactivate the kinase in yeast and human cells by a mechanism that does not require the H2O2-sensing cysteine of the Prdx. We demonstrate that a P38-Prdx fusion protein compensates for loss of the yeast scaffold protein Mcs4 and MAP3K activity, driving yeast into mitosis. Based on our findings, we propose that the H2O2-induced formation of Prdx-MAPK disulfide complexes provides an alternative scaffold and signaling platform for MAPKK-MAPK signaling. The demonstration that formation of a complex with a Prdx is sufficient to modify the activity of a kinase has broad implications for peroxide-based signal transduction in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alison M Day
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Martin Galler
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Heather R Latimer
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Thomas W Foy
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emilia Dwyer
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elise Bennett
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeremy Palmer
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Brian A Morgan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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6
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Canete JA, Andrés S, Muñoz S, Zamarreño J, Rodríguez S, Díaz-Cuervo H, Bueno A, Sacristán MP. Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1/Clp1 modulates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14677. [PMID: 37674027 PMCID: PMC10482896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important source of cellular damage. When ROS intracellular levels increase, oxidative stress takes place affecting DNA stability and metabolic functions. To prevent these effects, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) delay cell cycle progression and induce a transcriptional response that activates antioxidant mechanisms ensuring cell adaptation and survival. Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1 (also known as Clp1) has a well-established role in cell cycle regulation. Moreover, Flp1 contributes to checkpoint activation during replication stress. Here, we show that Flp1 has a role in fine-tuning the cellular oxidative stress response. Phosphorylation-dependent nucleolar release of Flp1 in response to oxidative stress conditions plays a role in the cellular transcriptional response. Thus, Flp1 ablation increases the transcriptional response to oxidative stress, in both intensity and duration, upregulating both Atf1/Pcr1- and Pap1-dependent stress induced genes. Remarkably, we found that Flp1 interacts with the Atf1/Pcr1 complex with Pcr1 acting as a direct substrate. Our results provide evidence that Flp1 modulates the oxidative stress response by limiting the Atf1/Pcr1-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Canete
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Muñoz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Zamarreño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Helena Díaz-Cuervo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Axentiva Solutions SL, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avelino Bueno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María P Sacristán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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7
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Mendoza-Martínez AE, Sánchez O, Aguirre J. The role of peroxiredoxins PrxA and PrxB in the antioxidant response, carbon utilization and development in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1198-1208. [PMID: 37495309 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their role in the breakdown of H2O2, some peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have chaperone and H2O2 sensing functions. Acting as an H2O2 sensor, Prx Gpx3 transfers the oxidant signal to the transcription factor Yap1, involved in the antioxidant response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have shown that Aspergillus nidulans Yap1 ortholog NapA is necessary for the antioxidant response, the utilization of arabinose, fructose and ethanol, and for proper development. To address the Prx roles in these processes, we generated and characterized mutants lacking peroxiredoxins PrxA, PrxB, PrxC, or TpxC. Our results show that the elimination of peroxiredoxins PrxC or TpxC does not produce any distinguishable phenotype. In contrast, the elimination of atypical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins PrxA and PrxB produce different mutant phenotypes. ΔprxA, ΔnapA and ΔprxA ΔnapA mutants are equally sensitive to H2O2 and menadione, while PrxB is dispensable for this. However, the sensitivity of ΔprxA and ΔprxA ΔnapA mutants is increased by the lack of PrxB. Moreover, PrxB is required for arabinose and ethanol utilization and fruiting body cell wall pigmentation. PrxA expression is partially independent of NapA, and the replacement of peroxidatic cysteine 61 by serine (C61S) is enough to cause oxidative stress sensitivity and prevent NapA nuclear accumulation in response to H2O2, indicating its critical role in H2O2 sensing. Our results show that despite their high similarity, PrxA and PrxB play differential roles in Aspergillus nidulans antioxidant response, carbon utilization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariann E Mendoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-242, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Olivia Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-242, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-242, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
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8
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Paek A, Jose E, March-Steinman W, Wilson B, Shanks L. Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H 2O 2 stress. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2791121. [PMID: 37205449 PMCID: PMC10187433 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2791121/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress from excess H2O2 activates transcription factors (TFs) that restore redox balance and repair oxidative damage. Though many TFs are activated by H2O2, it is unknown whether they are activated at the same H2O2 concentration or time after H2O2 stress. We found TF activation is tightly coordinated over time and dose dependent. We first focused on p53 and FOXO1 and found that in response to low H2O2, p53 is activated rapidly while FOXO1 remains inactive. In contrast, cells respond to high H2O2 in two temporal phases. In the first phase FOXO1 rapidly shuttles to the nucleus while p53 remains inactive. In the second phase FOXO1 shuts off and p53 levels rise. Other TFs are activated in the first phase with FOXO1 (NF-κB, NFAT1), or the second phase with p53 (NRF2, JUN), but not both. The two phases result in large differences in gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins control which TF are activated and the timing of TF activation.
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9
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Jose E, March-Steinman W, Wilson BA, Shanks L, Paek AL. Temporal Coordination of the Transcription Factor Response to H 2O 2 stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531593. [PMID: 36945409 PMCID: PMC10028935 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The p53 and FOXO transcription factors (TFs) share many similarities despite their distinct evolutionary origins. Both TFs are activated by a variety of cellular stresses and upregulate genes in similar pathways including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oxidative stress from excess H2O2 activates both FOXO1 and p53, yet whether they are activated at the same time is unclear. Here we found that cells respond to high H2O2 levels in two temporal phases. In the first phase FOXO1 rapidly shuttles to the nucleus while p53 levels remain low. In the second phase FOXO1 exits the nucleus and p53 levels rise. We found that other oxidative stress induced TFs are activated in the first phase with FOXO1 (NF-κB, NFAT1), or the second phase with p53 (NRF2, JUN) but not both following H2O2 stress. The two TF phases result in large differences in gene expression patterns. Finally, we provide evidence that 2-Cys peroxiredoxins control the timing of the TF phases in response to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jose
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | | | - Bryce A. Wilson
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Lisa Shanks
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Andrew L. Paek
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
- Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson AZ, 85724
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10
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Lang L, Wolf AC, Riedel M, Thibol L, Geissel F, Feld K, Zimmermann J, Morgan B, Manolikakes G, Deponte M. Substrate Promiscuity and Hyperoxidation Susceptibility as Potential Driving Forces for the Co-evolution of Prx5-Type and Prx6-Type 1-Cys Peroxiredoxin Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lang
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mareike Riedel
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lea Thibol
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Geissel
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Feld
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jannik Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Faculty of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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11
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Hu Y, Luo Y, Yin D, Zhao L, Wang Y, Yao R, Zhang P, Wu X, Li M, Hidalgo E, Huang Y. Schizosaccharomyces pombe MAP kinase Sty1 promotes survival of Δppr10 cells with defective mitochondrial protein synthesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106308. [PMID: 36174923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe pentatricopeptide repeat gene ppr10 severely impairs mitochondrial translation, resulting in defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). ppr10 deletion also induces iron starvation response, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced viability under fermentative conditions. S. pombe has two principal stress-response pathways, which are mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase Sty1 and the basic leucine zipper transcription factor Pap1, respectively. In this study, we examined the roles of Sty1 and Pap1 in the cellular response to the mitochondrial translation defect caused by ppr10 deletion. We found that ppr10 deletion resulted in two waves of stress protein activation. The early response occurred in exponential phase and resulted in the expression of a subset of stress proteins including Gst2 and Obr1. The upregulation of some of these stress proteins in Δppr10 cells in early response is dependent on the basal nuclear levels of Sty1 or Pap1. The late response occurred in early stationary phase and coincided with the stable localization of Sty1 and Pap1 in the nucleus, presumably resulting in persistent activation of a large set of stress proteins. Deletion of sty1 in Δppr10 cells caused severe defects in cell division and growth, and further impaired cell viability. Deletion of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase gene sod2 whose expression is controlled by Sty1 severely inhibited the growth of Δppr10 cells. Overexpression of sod2 improves the viability of Δppr10 cells. Our results support an important role for Sty1 in counteracting stress induced by ppr10 deletion under fermentative growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Departament de Ciènces Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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12
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Komuczki D, Stadermann A, Bentele M, Unsoeld A, Grillari J, Mueller MM, Paul A, Fischer S. High cysteine concentrations in cell culture media lead to oxidative stress and reduced bioprocess performance of recombinant CHO cells. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200029. [PMID: 35876277 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine is considered an essential amino acid in the cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. An optimized cysteine supply during fed-batch cultivation supports the protein production capacity of recombinant CHO cell lines. However, we observed that CHO production cell lines seeded at low cell densities in chemically defined media enriched with, cysteine greater than 2.5 mM resulted in markedly reduced cell growth during passaging, hampering seed train performance and scale-up. To investigate the underlying mechanism, seeding cell densities and initial cysteine concentrations ranging from low to high cysteine concentrations were varied followed by an analysis of cell culture performance. Additionally, cell cycle analysis, intracellular quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as transcriptomic analyses by next-generation sequencing were carried out. Our results demonstrate that CHO cells seeded at low cell densities at high initial cysteine concentrations encountered increased oxidative stress leading to a p21-mediated cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. The resulting oxidative stress caused redox imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum and activation of the unfolded protein response as well as the major antioxidant nuclear factor-like 2 response pathways. We were able to identify potential signature genes related to oxidative stress and the inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. Finally, we present that seeding cells at a higher concentration counteract oxidative stress in cysteine-enriched cell culture media. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komuczki
- Institute of Bioprocess Sciences and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, AT-1190, Vienna, Austria.,Upstream Development, Bioprocess and Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Anna Stadermann
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bentele
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess and Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas Unsoeld
- Cell Culture Media Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, AT-1190, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology. The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, Vienna, AT-1200, Austria
| | - Markus M Mueller
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess and Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Albert Paul
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess and Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach a. d. Riss, Germany
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13
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West JD. Experimental Approaches for Investigating Disulfide-Based Redox Relays in Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1676-1689. [PMID: 35771680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reversible oxidation of cysteine residues within proteins occurs naturally during normal cellular homeostasis and can increase during oxidative stress. Cysteine oxidation often leads to the formation of disulfide bonds, which can impact protein folding, stability, and function. Work in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic models over the past five decades has revealed several multiprotein systems that use thiol-dependent oxidoreductases to mediate disulfide bond reduction, formation, and/or rearrangement. Here, I provide an overview of how these systems operate to carry out disulfide exchange reactions in different cellular compartments, with a focus on their roles in maintaining redox homeostasis, transducing redox signals, and facilitating protein folding. Additionally, I review thiol-independent and thiol-dependent approaches for interrogating what proteins partner together in such disulfide-based redox relays. While the thiol-independent approaches rely either on predictive measures or standard procedures for monitoring protein-protein interactions, the thiol-dependent approaches include direct disulfide trapping methods as well as thiol-dependent chemical cross-linking. These strategies may prove useful in the systematic characterization of known and newly discovered disulfide relay mechanisms and redox switches involved in oxidant defense, protein folding, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D West
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
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14
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Yaakoub H, Mina S, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Papon N. Oxidative stress response pathways in fungi. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:333. [PMID: 35648225 PMCID: PMC11071803 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fungal response to any stress is intricate, specific, and multilayered, though it employs only a few evolutionarily conserved regulators. This comes with the assumption that one regulator operates more than one stress-specific response. Although the assumption holds true, the current understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive response specificity and adequacy remains rudimentary. Deciphering the response of fungi to oxidative stress may help fill those knowledge gaps since it is one of the most encountered stress types in any kind of fungal niche. Data have been accumulating on the roles of the HOG pathway and Yap1- and Skn7-related pathways in mounting distinct and robust responses in fungi upon exposure to oxidative stress. Herein, we review recent and most relevant studies reporting the contribution of each of these pathways in response to oxidative stress in pathogenic and opportunistic fungi after giving a paralleled overview in two divergent models, the budding and fission yeasts. With the concept of stress-specific response and the importance of reactive oxygen species in fungal development, we first present a preface on the expanding domain of redox biology and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Sara Mina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France.
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15
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Basis for using thioredoxin as an electron donor by Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gpx1 and Tpx1. AMB Express 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35403927 PMCID: PMC9001804 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) peroxidases (GPxs or GSHPx) and thioredoxin (Trx) peroxidases (TPxs) are two classes of peroxidases that catalyze the reduction of peroxides. GPxs and TPxs generally use GSH or Trx, respectively, to recycle the oxidized cysteine (Cys) residue in the protein. However, it is unclear why unlike human GPxs, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gpx1 (spGpx1) prefers Trx over GSH for recycling of the active-site peroxidatic Cys residue. Here, we compared spGpx1 and S. pombe Tpx1 (spTpx1) protein sequences with those of their respective homologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. Our analysis revealed that like spTpx1, spGpx1 contains a pair of conserved Cys residues (Cys36 and Cys82). These two conserved Cys residues are named peroxidatic and resolving Cys residues, respectively, and are found only in GPxs and TPxs that prefer Trx as an electron donor. Our analysis suggested that Cys36 and Cys82 in spGpx1 are most likely to form a disulfide bond upon oxidation of Cys36. Molecular modelling predicted that a conformational change might be required for the formation of this disulfide bond. Evolutionary analysis suggested that fungal GPxs and TPxs are related by divergent evolution from a common ancestor. Our analyses support a prediction that while spGpx1 and spTpx1 are phylogenetically and functionally different, they evolved from a common ancestor and use a similar mechanism for recycling of the active-site peroxidatic Cys residue. spGpx1 contains two conserved Cys residues (Cys36 and Cys82), which may form a disulfide bond upon oxidation and the reduction of this disulfide bond is most likely to be mediated by Trx in vivo. Fungal GPxs and TPxs evolved from a common ancestor.
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16
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Carmona M, de Cubas L, Bautista E, Moral-Blanch M, Medraño-Fernández I, Sitia R, Boronat S, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Monitoring cytosolic H 2O 2 fluctuations arising from altered plasma membrane gradients or from mitochondrial activity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4526. [PMID: 31586057 PMCID: PMC6778086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded probes monitoring H2O2 fluctuations in living organisms are key to decipher redox signaling events. Here we use a new probe, roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S, to monitor pre-toxic fluctuations of peroxides in fission yeast, where the concentrations linked to signaling or to toxicity have been established. This probe is able to detect nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H2O2 caused by extracellular peroxides; expression of human aquaporin 8 channels H2O2 entry into fission yeast decreasing membrane gradients. The probe also detects H2O2 bursts from mitochondria after addition of electron transport chain inhibitors, the extent of probe oxidation being proportional to the mitochondrial activity. The oxidation of this probe is an indicator of steady-state levels of H2O2 in different genetic backgrounds. Metabolic reprogramming during growth in low-glucose media causes probe reduction due to the activation of antioxidant cascades. We demonstrate how peroxiredoxin-based probes can be used to monitor physiological H2O2 fluctuations. Reliable methods of measuring intracellular H2O2 fluctuations are necessary to advance redox biology. Here the authors design a H2O2 sensor based on the fission yeast peroxiredoxin Tpx1 to sense nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H2O2 in response to genetic and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Carmona
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura de Cubas
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Bautista
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Moral-Blanch
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernández
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Calabrese G, Peker E, Amponsah PS, Hoehne MN, Riemer T, Mai M, Bienert GP, Deponte M, Morgan B, Riemer J. Hyperoxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin limits H 2 O 2 -induced cell death in yeast. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101552. [PMID: 31389622 PMCID: PMC6745495 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) plays important roles in cellular signaling, yet nonetheless is toxic at higher concentrations. Surprisingly, the mechanism(s) of cellular H2 O2 toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an important role for mitochondrial 1-Cys peroxiredoxin from budding yeast, Prx1, in regulating H2 O2 -induced cell death. We show that Prx1 efficiently transfers oxidative equivalents from H2 O2 to the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Deletion of PRX1 abrogates glutathione oxidation and leads to a cytosolic adaptive response involving upregulation of the catalase, Ctt1. Both of these effects contribute to improved cell viability following an acute H2 O2 challenge. By replacing PRX1 with natural and engineered peroxiredoxin variants, we could predictably induce widely differing matrix glutathione responses to H2 O2 . Therefore, we demonstrated a key role for matrix glutathione oxidation in driving H2 O2 -induced cell death. Finally, we reveal that hyperoxidation of Prx1 serves as a switch-off mechanism to limit oxidation of matrix glutathione at high H2 O2 concentrations. This enables yeast cells to strike a fine balance between H2 O2 removal and limitation of matrix glutathione oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Department for ChemistryInstitute for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Esra Peker
- Department for ChemistryInstitute for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Prince Saforo Amponsah
- Department for BiologyCellular BiochemistryUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of the SaarlandSaarbrueckenGermany
| | | | - Trine Riemer
- Department for ChemistryInstitute for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marie Mai
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of the SaarlandSaarbrueckenGermany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz‐Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Department of Chemistry/BiochemistryUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of the SaarlandSaarbrueckenGermany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department for ChemistryInstitute for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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18
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Rodrigues-Pousada C, Devaux F, Caetano SM, Pimentel C, da Silva S, Cordeiro AC, Amaral C. Yeast AP-1 like transcription factors (Yap) and stress response: a current overview. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:267-285. [PMID: 31172012 PMCID: PMC6545440 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.06.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Yeast adaptation to stress has been extensively studied. It involves large reprogramming of genome expression operated by many, more or less specific, transcription factors. Here, we review our current knowledge on the function of the eight Yap transcription factors (Yap1 to Yap8) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which were shown to be involved in various stress responses. More precisely, Yap1 is activated under oxidative stress, Yap2/Cad1 under cadmium, Yap4/Cin5 and Yap6 under osmotic shock, Yap5 under iron overload and Yap8/Arr1 by arsenic compounds. Yap3 and Yap7 seem to be involved in hydroquinone and nitrosative stresses, respectively. The data presented in this article illustrate how much knowledge on the function of these Yap transcription factors is advanced. The evolution of the Yap family and its roles in various pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species is discussed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudina Rodrigues-Pousada
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Devaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Soraia M Caetano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimentel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Amaral
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica Anónio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, EAN, Oeiras 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
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19
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Protection from Disulfide Stress by Inhibition of Pap1 Nuclear Export in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2018; 210:857-868. [PMID: 30181192 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate subcellular localization of regulatory factors is critical for cellular function. Pap1, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is redox regulated for localization and antistress function. In this study, we find that overproduction of a peptide conjugate containing the nuclear export signal of Oxs1, a conserved eukaryotic protein that, along with Pap1, regulates certain diamide responsive genes, can retain Pap1 in the nucleus before stress by competing for nuclear export. The nuclear retention of Pap1 upregulates several drug resistance genes to prime the cells for higher tolerance to disulfide stress. Overproduction of Oxs1 also upregulates these same genes, not by competing for export but by binding directly to the drug resistance gene promoters for Pap1-mediated activation. Of medical relevance is that this may suggest a gene therapy approach of using nuclear export signal conjugates to suppress the nuclear export of biomolecules.
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20
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Roma LP, Deponte M, Riemer J, Morgan B. Mechanisms and Applications of Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:552-568. [PMID: 29160083 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors, based on fusions between thiol peroxidases and redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2), have dramatically broadened the available "toolbox" for monitoring cellular H2O2 changes. Recent Advances: Recently developed peroxiredoxin-based probes such as roGFP2-Tsa2ΔCR offer considerably improved H2O2 sensitivity compared with previously available genetically encoded sensors and now permit dynamic, real-time, monitoring of changes in endogenous H2O2 levels. CRITICAL ISSUES The correct understanding and interpretation of probe read-outs is crucial for their meaningful use. We discuss probe mechanisms, potential pitfalls, and best practices for application and interpretation of probe responses and highlight where gaps in our knowledge remain. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The full potential of the newly available sensors remains far from being fully realized and exploited. We discuss how the ability to monitor basal H2O2 levels in real time now allows us to re-visit long-held ideas in redox biology such as the response to ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species production. Further, recently proposed circadian cycles of peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation might now be rigorously tested. Beyond their application as H2O2 probes, roGFP2-based H2O2 sensors hold exciting potential for studying thiol peroxidase mechanisms, inactivation properties, and the impact of post-translational modifications, in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 552-568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Prates Roma
- 1 Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- 2 Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- 3 Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- 4 Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
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21
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Feld K, Geissel F, Liedgens L, Schumann R, Specht S, Deponte M. Tyrosine substitution of a conserved active-site histidine residue activates Plasmodium falciparum peroxiredoxin 6. Protein Sci 2018; 28:100-110. [PMID: 30056630 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins efficiently remove hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite in pro- and eukaryotes. However, isoforms of one subfamily of peroxiredoxins, the so-called Prx6-type enzymes, usually have very low activities in standard peroxidase assays in vitro. In contrast to other peroxiredoxins, Prx6 homologues share a conserved histidyl residue at the bottom of the active site. Here we addressed the role of this histidyl residue for redox catalysis using the Plasmodium falciparum homologue PfPrx6 as a model enzyme. Steady-state kinetics with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) revealed that the histidyl residue is nonessential for Prx6 catalysis and that a replacement with tyrosine can even increase the enzyme activity four- to six-fold in vitro. Stopped-flow kinetics with reduced PfPrx6WT , PfPrx6C128A , and PfPrx6H39Y revealed a preference for H2 O2 as an oxidant with second order rate constants for H2 O2 and tBuOOH around 2.5 × 107 M-1 s-1 and 3 × 106 M-1 s-1 , respectively. Differences between the oxidation kinetics of PfPrx6WT , PfPrx6C128A , and PfPrx6H39Y were observed during a slower second-reaction phase. Our kinetic data support the interpretation that the reductive half-reaction is the rate-limiting step for PfPrx6 catalysis in steady-state measurements. Whether the increased activity of PfPrx6H39Y is caused by a facilitated enzyme reduction because of a destabilization of the fully folded enzyme conformation remains to be analyzed. In summary, the conserved histidyl residue of Prx6-type enzymes is non-essential for catalysis, PfPrx6 is rapidly oxidized by hydroperoxides, and the gain-of-function mutant PfPrx6H39Y might provide a valuable tool to address the influence of conformational changes on the reactivity of Prx6 homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Feld
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Geissel
- Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Linda Liedgens
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Robin Schumann
- Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sandra Specht
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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22
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Mergan L, Edwards SL, Temmerman L, Van Bael S. Beyond ROS clearance: Peroxiredoxins in stress signaling and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:33-48. [PMID: 29580920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by other mechanisms such as the modulation of intracellular signaling. In this review we discuss peroxiredoxins, a class of proteinaceous antioxidants with redox signaling and chaperone functions, and their involvement in regulating longevity and stress resistance. Peroxiredoxins have a clear role in the regulation of lifespan and survival of many model organisms, including the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recent research on peroxiredoxins - in these models and beyond - has revealed surprising new insights regarding the interplay between peroxiredoxins and longevity signaling, which will be discussed here in detail. As redox signaling is emerging as a potentially important player in the regulation of longevity and aging, increased knowledge of these fascinating antioxidants and their mode(s) of action is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samantha L Edwards
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Domènech A, Ayté J, Antunes F, Hidalgo E. Using in vivo oxidation status of one- and two-component redox relays to determine H 2O 2 levels linked to signaling and toxicity. BMC Biol 2018; 16:61. [PMID: 29859088 PMCID: PMC5984441 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated as a by-product of metabolic reactions during oxygen use by aerobic organisms, and can be toxic or participate in signaling processes. Cells, therefore, need to be able to sense and respond to H2O2 in an appropriate manner. This is often accomplished through thiol switches: Cysteine residues in proteins that can act as sensors, and which are both scarce and finely tuned. Bacteria and eukaryotes use different types of such sensors—either a one-component (OxyR) or two-component (Pap1-Tpx1) redox relay, respectively. However, the biological significance of these two different signaling modes is not fully understood, and the concentrations and peroxides driving those types of redox cascades have not been determined, nor the intracellular H2O2 levels linked to toxicity. Here we elucidate the characteristics, rates, and dynamic ranges of both systems. Results By comparing the activation of both systems in fission yeast, and applying mathematical equations to the experimental data, we estimate the toxic threshold of intracellular H2O2 able to halt aerobic growth, and the temporal gradients of extracellular to intracellular peroxides. By calculating both the oxidation rates of OxyR and Tpx1 by peroxides, and their reduction rates by the cellular redoxin systems, we propose that, while Tpx1 is a sensor and an efficient H2O2 scavenger because it displays fast oxidation and reduction rates, OxyR is strictly a H2O2 sensor, since its reduction kinetics are significantly slower than its oxidation by peroxides, and therefore, it remains oxidized long enough to execute its transcriptional role. We also show that these two paradigmatic H2O2-sensing models are biologically similar at pre-toxic peroxide levels, but display strikingly different activation behaviors at toxic doses. Conclusions Both Tpx1 and OxyR contain thiol switches, with very high reactivity towards peroxides. Nevertheless, the fast reduction of Tpx1 defines it as a scavenger, and this efficient recycling dramatically changes the Tpx1-Pap1 response to H2O2 and connects H2O2 sensing to the redox state of the cell. In contrast, OxyR is a true H2O2 sensor but not a scavenger, being partially insulated from the cellular electron donor capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0523-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Domènech
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica and Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Mounting evidence in recent years supports the extensive interaction between the circadian and redox systems. The existence of such a relationship is not surprising because most organisms, be they diurnal or nocturnal, display daily oscillations in energy intake, locomotor activity, and exposure to exogenous and internally generated oxidants. The transcriptional clock controls the levels of many antioxidant proteins and redox-active cofactors, and, conversely, the cellular redox poise has been shown to feed back to the transcriptional oscillator via redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes. However, the circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins constituted the first example of an autonomous circadian redox oscillation, which occurred independently of the transcriptional clock. Importantly, the high phylogenetic conservation of these rhythms suggests that they might predate the evolution of the transcriptional oscillator, and therefore could be a part of a primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator. This discovery forced the reappraisal of the dogmatic transcription-centered view of the clockwork and opened a new avenue of research. Indeed, the investigation into the links between the circadian and redox systems is still in its infancy, and many important questions remain to be addressed.
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Veal EA, Underwood ZE, Tomalin LE, Morgan BA, Pillay CS. Hyperoxidation of Peroxiredoxins: Gain or Loss of Function? Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:574-590. [PMID: 28762774 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In 2003, structural studies revealed that eukaryotic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) have evolved to be sensitive to inactivation of their thioredoxin peroxidase activity by hyperoxidation (sulfinylation) of their peroxide-reacting catalytic cysteine. This was accompanied by the unexpected discovery, that the sulfinylation of this cysteine was reversible in vivo and the identification of a new enzyme, sulfiredoxin, that had apparently co-evolved specifically to reduce hyperoxidized 2-Cys Prx, restoring their peroxidase activity. Together, these findings have provided the impetus for multiple studies investigating the purpose of this reversible, Prx hyperoxidation. Recent Advances: It has been suggested that inhibition of the thioredoxin peroxidase activity by hyperoxidation can both promote and inhibit peroxide signal transduction, depending on the context. Prx hyperoxidation has also been proposed to protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, by preserving reduced thioredoxin and/or by increasing non-peroxidase chaperone or signaling activities of Prx. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we will review the evidence in support of each of these proposed functions, in view of the in vivo contexts in which Prx hyperoxidation occurs, and the role of sulfiredoxin. Thus, we will attempt to explain the basis for seemingly contradictory roles for Prx hyperoxidation in redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We provide a rationale, based on modeling and experimental studies, for why Prx hyperoxidation should be considered a suitable, early biomarker for damaging levels of ROS. We discuss the implications that this has for the role of Prx in aging and the detection of hyperoxidized Prx as a conserved feature of circadian rhythms. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 574-590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Veal
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe E Underwood
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis E Tomalin
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom .,2 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A Morgan
- 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ché S Pillay
- 3 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermartizburg, South Africa
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26
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated externally and during aerobic metabolism, are a potent cause of cell damage. Oxidative damage is a feature of many diseases and ageing, including age-associated diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, this association helped lead to the widely expounded 'Free Radical Theory of Aging', proposing that the accumulation of ROS-induced damage is the underlying cause of ageing. In the last decade, it has become apparent that ROS play more complex roles in ageing than simply causing damage. This includes the induction of signalling pathways that protect against/repair cell damage. Cells encode a variety of enzymes that metabolise ROS, some of which reduce them to less reactive species. In this chapter, we review the evidence that manipulating the levels of these enzymes has any effect/s on ageing. We will also highlight a few examples illustrating why it is an over-simplification to describe the activities of some of these enzymes as 'antioxidants'. We discuss how these studies have helped refine our view of how ROS and ROS-metabolising enzymes contribute to the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK.
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Latimer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK
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27
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Brown AJP, Cowen LE, di Pietro A, Quinn J. Stress Adaptation. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0048-2016. [PMID: 28721857 PMCID: PMC5701650 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0048-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal species display an extraordinarily diverse range of lifestyles. Nevertheless, the survival of each species depends on its ability to sense and respond to changes in its natural environment. Environmental changes such as fluctuations in temperature, water balance or pH, or exposure to chemical insults such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species exert stresses that perturb cellular homeostasis and cause molecular damage to the fungal cell. Consequently, fungi have evolved mechanisms to repair this damage, detoxify chemical insults, and restore cellular homeostasis. Most stresses are fundamental in nature, and consequently, there has been significant evolutionary conservation in the nature of the resultant responses across the fungal kingdom and beyond. For example, heat shock generally induces the synthesis of chaperones that promote protein refolding, antioxidants are generally synthesized in response to an oxidative stress, and osmolyte levels are generally increased following a hyperosmotic shock. In this article we summarize the current understanding of these and other stress responses as well as the signaling pathways that regulate them in the fungi. Model yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are compared with filamentous fungi, as well as with pathogens of plants and humans. We also discuss current challenges associated with defining the dynamics of stress responses and with the elaboration of fungal stress adaptation under conditions that reflect natural environments in which fungal cells may be exposed to different types of stresses, either sequentially or simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Antonio di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Janet Quinn
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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28
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Boronat S, Domènech A, Carmona M, García-Santamarina S, Bañó MC, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Lack of a peroxiredoxin suppresses the lethality of cells devoid of electron donors by channelling electrons to oxidized ribonucleotide reductase. PLoS Genet 2017. [PMID: 28640807 PMCID: PMC5501661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin pathways are responsible of recycling several enzymes which undergo intramolecular disulfide bond formation as part of their catalytic cycles such as the peroxide scavengers peroxiredoxins or the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR, the rate-limiting enzyme of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, is an essential enzyme relying on these electron flow cascades for recycling. RNR is tightly regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner at different levels, but little is known about the participation of electron donors in such regulation. Here, we show that cytosolic thioredoxins Trx1 and Trx3 are the primary electron donors for RNR in fission yeast. Unexpectedly, trx1 transcript and Trx1 protein levels are up-regulated in a G1-to-S phase-dependent manner, indicating that the supply of electron donors is also cell cycle-regulated. Indeed, genetic depletion of thioredoxins triggers a DNA replication checkpoint ruled by Rad3 and Cds1, with the final goal of up-regulating transcription of S phase genes and constitutive RNR synthesis. Regarding the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin cascades, one combination of gene deletions is synthetic lethal in fission yeast: cells lacking both thioredoxin reductase and cytosolic dithiol glutaredoxin. We have isolated a suppressor of this lethal phenotype: a mutation at the Tpx1-coding gene, leading to a frame shift and a loss-of-function of Tpx1, the main client of electron donors. We propose that in a mutant strain compromised in reducing equivalents, the absence of an abundant and competitive substrate such as the peroxiredoxin Tpx1 has been selected as a lethality suppressor to favor RNR function at the expense of the non-essential peroxide scavenging function, to allow DNA synthesis and cell growth. The essential enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate-limiting enzyme of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, relies on the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin electron flow cascades for recycling. RNR is tightly regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner at different levels. Here, we show that cytosolic thioredoxin Trx1 is the primary electron donor for RNR in fission yeast, and that trx1 transcript and protein levels are up-regulated at G1-to-S phase transition. Genetic depletion of thioredoxins triggers the DNA replication checkpoint up-regulating RNR synthesis. Furthermore, deletion of the genes coding for thioredoxin reductase and dithiol glutaredoxin is synthetic lethal, and we show that a loss-of-function mutation at the peroxiredoxin Tpx1-coding gene acts as a genetic suppressor. We propose that in a mutant strain compromised in reducing equivalents, the absence of an abundant and competitive substrate of redoxins, the peroxiredoxin Tpx1, has been selected as a lethality suppressor to favor channeling of electrons to the essential RNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Domènech
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Carmona
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Bañó
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (EH); (JA)
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (EH); (JA)
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29
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Boronat S, Domènech A, Hidalgo E. Proteomic Characterization of Reversible Thiol Oxidations in Proteomes and Proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:329-344. [PMID: 27089838 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species are produced during normal metabolism in cells, and their excesses have been implicated in protein damage and toxicity, as well as in the activation of signaling events. In particular, hydrogen peroxide participates in the regulation of different physiological processes as well as in the induction of antioxidant cascades, and often the redox molecular events triggering these pathways are based on reversible cysteine (Cys) oxidation. Recent Advances: Increases in peroxides can cause the accumulation of reversible Cys oxidations in proteomes, which may be either protecting thiols from irreversible oxidations or may just be reporters of future toxicity. It is also becoming clear, however, that only a few proteins, such as the bacterial OxyR or peroxidases, can suffer direct oxidation of their Cys residues by hydrogen peroxide and, therefore, may be the only true sensors initiating signaling events. CRITICAL ISSUES We will in this study describe some of the methodologies used to characterize at the proteome level reversible thiol oxidations, specifically those combining gel-free approaches with mass spectrometry. In the second part of this review, we will summarize some of the electrophoretic and proteomic techniques used to monitor Cys oxidation at the protein level, needed to confirm that a protein contains redox Cys involved in signaling relays, using as examples some of the best characterized redox sensors such as bacterial OxyR or yeast Tpx1/Pap1. FUTURE DIRECTIONS While Cys oxidations are often detected in proteomes and in specific proteins, major efforts have to be made to establish that they are physiologically relevant. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 329-344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Domènech
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a major family of peroxidases, with mammalian cells expressing six Prx isoforms (PrxI to PrxVI). Cells produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at various intracellular locations where it can serve as a signaling molecule. Given that Prxs are abundant and possess a structure that renders the cysteine (Cys) residue at the active site highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2, the signaling function of this oxidant requires extensive and highly localized regulation. Recent findings on the reversible regulation of PrxI through phosphorylation at the centrosome and on the hyperoxidation of the Cys at the active site of PrxIII in mitochondria are described in this review as examples of such local regulation of H2O2 signaling. Moreover, their high affinity for and sensitivity to oxidation by H2O2 confer on Prxs the ability to serve as sensors and transducers of H2O2 signaling through transfer of their oxidation state to bound effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
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31
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Abstract
Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a popular model eukaryotic organism to study diverse aspects of mammalian biology, including responses to cellular stress triggered by redox imbalances within its compartments. The review considers the current knowledge on the signaling pathways that govern the transcriptional response of fission yeast cells to elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that yeast cells employ to promote cell survival in conditions of intermediate and acute oxidative stress. The role of the Sty1/Spc1/Phh1 mitogen-activated protein kinase in regulating gene expression at multiple levels is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manos A Papadakis
- a Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Christopher T Workman
- a Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
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32
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Tomalin LE, Day AM, Underwood ZE, Smith GR, Dalle Pezze P, Rallis C, Patel W, Dickinson BC, Bähler J, Brewer TF, Chang CJL, Shanley DP, Veal EA. Increasing extracellular H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2, with peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation only triggered once the cellular H2O2-buffering capacity is overwhelmed. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:333-48. [PMID: 26944189 PMCID: PMC4891068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2, can damage cells but also promote fundamental processes, including growth, differentiation and migration. The mechanisms allowing cells to differentially respond to toxic or signaling H2O2 levels are poorly defined. Here we reveal that increasing external H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are abundant peroxidases which protect against genome instability, ageing and cancer. We have developed a dynamic model simulating in vivo changes in Prx oxidation. Remarkably, we show that the thioredoxin peroxidase activity of Prx does not provide any significant protection against external rises in H2O2. Instead, our model and experimental data are consistent with low levels of extracellular H2O2 being efficiently buffered by other thioredoxin-dependent activities, including H2O2-reactive cysteines in the thiol-proteome. We show that when extracellular H2O2 levels overwhelm this buffering capacity, the consequent rise in intracellular H2O2 triggers hyperoxidation of Prx to thioredoxin-resistant, peroxidase-inactive form/s. Accordingly, Prx hyperoxidation signals that H2O2 defenses are breached, diverting thioredoxin to repair damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Elwood Tomalin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alison Michelle Day
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Zoe Elizabeth Underwood
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Graham Robert Smith
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Piero Dalle Pezze
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, Gower Street - Darwin Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Waseema Patel
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Jürg Bähler
- University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, Gower Street - Darwin Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas Francis Brewer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Joh-Leung Chang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daryl Pierson Shanley
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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33
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Pluskal T, Sajiki K, Becker J, Takeda K, Yanagida M. Diverse fission yeast genes required for responding to oxidative and metal stress: Comparative analysis of glutathione-related and other defense gene deletions. Genes Cells 2016; 21:530-42. [PMID: 27005325 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved multiple sophisticated mechanisms to deal with reactive oxygen species. We constructed a collection of twelve single-gene deletion strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe designed for the study of oxidative and heavy metal stress responses. This collection contains deletions of biosynthetic enzymes of glutathione (Δgcs1 and Δgsa1), phytochelatin (Δpcs2), ubiquinone (Δabc1) and ergothioneine (Δegt1), as well as catalase (Δctt1), thioredoxins (Δtrx1 and Δtrx2), Cu/Zn- and Mn- superoxide dismutases (SODs; Δsod1 and Δsod2), sulfiredoxin (Δsrx1) and sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase (Δhmt2). First, we employed metabolomic analysis to examine the mutants of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. We found that ophthalmic acid was produced by the same enzymes as glutathione in S. pombe. The identical genetic background of the strains allowed us to assess the severity of the individual gene knockouts by treating the deletion strains with oxidative agents. Among other results, we found that glutathione deletion strains were not particularly sensitive to peroxide or superoxide, but highly sensitive to cadmium stress. Our results show the astonishing diversity in cellular adaptation mechanisms to various types of oxidative and metal stress and provide a useful tool for further research into stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Pluskal
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sajiki
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joanne Becker
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kojiro Takeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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34
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Nitric oxide signaling and its role in oxidative stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nitric Oxide 2016; 52:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Latimer HR, Veal EA. Peroxiredoxins in Regulation of MAPK Signalling Pathways; Sensors and Barriers to Signal Transduction. Mol Cells 2016; 39:40-5. [PMID: 26813660 PMCID: PMC4749872 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are highly conserved and abundant peroxidases. Although the thioredoxin peroxidase activity of peroxiredoxin (Prx) is important to maintain low levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide, Prx have also been shown to promote hydrogen peroxide-mediated signalling. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways mediate cellular responses to a variety of stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we review the evidence that Prx can act as both sensors and barriers to the activation of MAPK and discuss the underlying mechanisms involved, focusing in particular on the relationship with thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. Latimer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH,
UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH,
UK
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36
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Cerveau D, Ouahrani D, Marok MA, Blanchard L, Rey P. Physiological relevance of plant 2-Cys peroxiredoxin overoxidation level and oligomerization status. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:103-19. [PMID: 26138759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases presumed to display, upon environmental constraints, a chaperone function resulting from a redox-dependent conformational switch. In this work, using biochemical and genetic approaches, we aimed to unravel the factors regulating the redox status and the conformation of the plastidial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys PRX) in plants. In Arabidopsis, we show that in optimal growth conditions, the overoxidation level mainly depends on the availability of thioredoxin-related electron donors, but not on sulfiredoxin, the enzyme reducing the 2-Cys PRX overoxidized form. We also observed that upon various physiological temperature, osmotic and light stress conditions, the overoxidation level and oligomerization status of 2-Cys PRX can moderately vary depending on the constraint type. Further, no major change was noticed regarding protein conformation in water-stressed Arabidopsis, barley and potato plants, whereas species-dependent up- and down-variations in overoxidation were observed. In contrast, both 2-Cys PRX overoxidation and oligomerization were strongly induced during a severe oxidative stress generated by methyl viologen. From these data, revealing that the oligomerization status of plant 2-Cys PRX does not exhibit important variation and is not tightly linked to the protein redox status upon physiologically relevant environmental constraints, the possible in planta functions of 2-Cys PRX are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Cerveau
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Djelloul Ouahrani
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Marok
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Université de Khemis Miliana, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Ain Defla, Khemis Miliana, 44225, Algérie
| | - Laurence Blanchard
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Pascal Rey
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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Toledano MB, Huang B. Microbial 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins: Insights into Their Complex Physiological Roles. Mol Cells 2016; 39:31-9. [PMID: 26813659 PMCID: PMC4749871 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a very large and highly conserved family of thiol-based peroxidases that has been discovered only very recently. We consider here these enzymes through the angle of their discovery, and of some features of their molecular and physiological functions, focusing on complex phenotypes of the gene mutations of the 2-Cys Prxs subtype in yeast. As scavengers of the low levels of H2O2 and as H2O2 receptors and transducers, 2-Cys Prxs have been highly instrumental to understand the biological impact of H2O2, and in particular its signaling function. 2-Cys Prxs can also become potent chaperone holdases, and unveiling the in vivo relevance of this function, which is still not established, should further increase our knowledge of the biological impact and toxicity of H2O2. The diverse molecular functions of 2-Cys Prx explain the often-hard task of relating them to peroxiredoxin genes phenotypes, which underscores the pleiotropic physiological role of these enzymes and complex biologic impact of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel B. Toledano
- CEA, DSV, IBITECS, SBIGEM, Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancer (LSOC), CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
| | - Bo Huang
- CEA, DSV, IBITECS, SBIGEM, Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancer (LSOC), CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
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38
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Jiang H, Wu L, Chen J, Mishra M, Chawsheen HA, Zhu H, Wei Q. Sulfiredoxin Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis through a Novel Mechanism of Enhancing EGFR Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1554-66. [PMID: 26290602 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sulfiredoxin (SRXN1/Srx) is a multifunction enzyme with a primary antioxidant role of reducing the overoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins (Prxs). The function and mechanisms of Srx in cancer development are not well understood. Here, Srx is preferentially expressed in human colorectal cancer cells but not in normal colon epithelial cells. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that knockdown of Srx in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer cells not only leads to the inhibition of colony formation and cell invasion in vitro, but also reduces tumor xenograft growth and represses metastasis to distal organs in a mouse orthotopic implantation model. Notably, exactly opposite effects were observed in gain-of-function experiments when Srx was ectopically expressed in well-differentiated colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, expression of Srx enhances the activation of MAPK signaling through increasing the C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation levels of EGFR. This function of Srx is mediated through its inhibition of EGFR acetylation at K1037, a novel posttranslational modification of EGFR in human colorectal cancer cells identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS-MS) proteomic analysis. Furthermore, abolishment of K1037 acetylation in human colorectal cancer cells by site-specific mutagenesis leads to sustained activation of EGFR-MAPK signaling. Combined, these data reveal that Srx promotes colorectal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through a novel mechanism of enhancing EGFR signaling. IMPLICATIONS Sulfiredoxin is a critical oncogenic protein that can be used as a molecular target to develop therapeutics for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jing Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Murli Mishra
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hedy A Chawsheen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haining Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
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39
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Martins D, Bakas I, McIntosh K, English AM. Peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide elicit similar cellular stress responses mediated by the Ccp1 sensor protein. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:138-47. [PMID: 25881547 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite [ONOO(H)] is an oxidant associated with deleterious effects in cells. Because it is an inorganic peroxide that reacts rapidly with peroxidases, we speculated that cells may respond to ONOO(H) and H2O2 challenge in a similar manner. We exposed yeast cells to SIN-1, a well-characterized ONOO(H) generator, and observed stimulation of catalase and peroxiredoxin (Prx) activities. Previously, we reported that H2O2 challenge increases these activities in wild-type cells and in cells producing the hyperactive mutant H2O2 sensor Ccp1(W191F) but not in Ccp1-knockout cells (ccp1Δ). We find here that the response of ccp1Δ and ccp1(W191F) cells to SIN-1 mirrors that to H2O2, identifying Ccp1 as a sensor of both peroxides. SIN-1 simultaneously releases (•)NO and O2(•-), which react to form ONOO(H), but exposure of the three strains separately to an (•)NO donor (spermine-NONOate) or an O2(•-) generator (paraquat) mainly depresses catalase or Prx activity, whereas co-challenge with the NONOate and paraquat stimulates these activities. Because Ccp1 appears to sense ONOO(H) in cells, we examined its reaction with ONOO(H) in vitro and found that peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) rapidly (k2>10(6)M(-1)s(-1)) oxidizes purified Ccp1 to an intermediate with spectral and ferrocytochrome-oxidizing properties indistinguishable from those of its well-characterized compound I formed with H2O2. Importantly, the nitrite released from ONOOH is not oxidized to (•)NO2 by Ccp1(׳)s compound I, unlike peroxidases involved in immune defense. Overall, our results reveal that yeast cells mount a common antioxidant response to ONOO(H) and H2O2, with Ccp1 playing a pivotal role as an inorganic peroxide sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6; PROTEO, the FRQ-NT Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Iolie Bakas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Kelly McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - Ann M English
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6; PROTEO, the FRQ-NT Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
Until recently, ROS (reactive oxygen species) were often seen as merely damaging agents. However, small, but significant, amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are also being produced upon, for instance, NADPH-oxidase activation in response to growth factor signalling and as a by-product of mitochondrial respiration. H2O2 perturbs the local cellular redox state and this results in specific and reversible cysteine oxidation in target proteins, thereby translating the redox state into a signal that ultimately leads to an appropriate cellular response. This phenomenon of signalling through cysteine oxidation is known as redox signalling and has recently been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes. Cysteine residue oxidation can lead to a range of post-translational modifications, one of which is the formation of intermolecular disulfides. In the present mini-review we will give a number of examples of proteins regulated by intermolecular disulfides and discuss a recently developed method to screen for these interactions. The consequences of the regulation of the FOXO4 (forkhead box O4) transcription factor by formation of intermolecular disulfides with both TNPO1 (transportin 1) and p300/CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein] are discussed in more detail.
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42
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Peroxide sensing and signaling in the Sporothrix schenckii complex: an in silico analysis to uncover putative mechanisms regulating the Hog1 and AP-1 like signaling pathways. Med Mycol 2014; 53:51-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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43
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Role of sulfiredoxin in systemic diseases influenced by oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2014; 2:1023-8. [PMID: 25460739 PMCID: PMC4215520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin is a recently discovered member of the oxidoreductases family which plays a crucial role in thiol homoeostasis when under oxidative stress. A myriad of systemic disorders have oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species as the key components in their etiopathogenesis. Recent studies have evaluated the role of this enzyme in oxidative stress mediated diseases such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a wide array of carcinomas. Its action is responsible for the normal functioning of cells under oxidative stress and the promotion of cell survival in cancerous cells. This review will highlight the cumulative effects of sulfiredoxin in various systemic disorders with a strong emphasis on its target activity and the factors influencing its expression in such conditions.
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44
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The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model to understand how peroxiredoxins influence cell responses to hydrogen peroxide. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:909-16. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a more selectively reactive oxygen species, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) has been co-opted as a signalling molecule, but high levels can still lead to lethal amounts of cell damage. 2-Cys Prxs (peroxiredoxins) are ubiquitous thioredoxin peroxidases which utilize reversibly oxidized catalytic cysteine residues to reduce peroxides. As such, Prxs potentially make an important contribution to the repertoire of cell defences against oxidative damage. Although the abundance of eukaryotic 2-Cys Prxs suggests an important role in maintaining cell redox, the surprising sensitivity of their thioredoxin peroxidase activity to inactivation by H2O2 has raised questions as to their role as an oxidative stress defence. Indeed, work in model yeast has led the way in revealing that Prxs do much more than simply remove peroxides and have even uncovered circumstances where their thioredoxin peroxidase activity is detrimental. In the present paper, we focus on what we have learned from studies in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe about the different roles of 2-Cys Prxs in responses to H2O2 and discuss the general implications of these findings for other systems.
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García-Santamarina S, Boronat S, Hidalgo E. Reversible Cysteine Oxidation in Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing and Signal Transduction. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2560-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarela García-Santamarina
- Oxidative
Stress and Cell
Cycle Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la
Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative
Stress and Cell
Cycle Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la
Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative
Stress and Cell
Cycle Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la
Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Paulo E, García-Santamarina S, Calvo IA, Carmona M, Boronat S, Domènech A, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. A genetic approach to study H2O2 scavenging in fission yeast--distinct roles of peroxiredoxin and catalase. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:246-57. [PMID: 24521463 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main peroxiredoxin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Tpx1, is important to sustain aerobic growth, and cells lacking this protein are only able to grow on solid plates under anaerobic conditions. We have found that deletion of the gene coding for thioredoxin reductase, trr1, is a suppressor of the sensitivity to aerobic growth of Δtpx1 cells, so that cells lacking both proteins are able to grow on solid plates in the presence of oxygen. We have investigated this suppression effect, and determined that it depends on the presence of catalase, which is constitutively expressed in Δtrr1 cells in a transcription factor Pap1-dependent manner. A complete characterization of the repertoire of hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities in fission yeast suggests that Tpx1 is the only enzyme with sufficient sensitivity for peroxides and cellular abundance as to control the low levels produced during aerobic growth, catalase being the next barrier of detoxification when the steady-state levels of peroxides are increased in Δtpx1 cells. Gpx1, the only glutathione peroxidase encoded by the S. pombe genome, only has a minor secondary role when extracellular peroxides are added. Our study proposes non-overlapping roles for the different hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of this eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Paulo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Belfield C, Queenan C, Rao H, Kitamura K, Walworth NC. The oxidative stress responsive transcription factor Pap1 confers DNA damage resistance on checkpoint-deficient fission yeast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89936. [PMID: 24587136 PMCID: PMC3934961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells invoke mechanisms to promote survival when confronted with cellular stress or damage to the genome. The protein kinase Chk1 is an integral and conserved component of the DNA damage response pathway. Mutation or inhibition of Chk1 results in mitotic death when cells are exposed to DNA damage. Oxidative stress activates a pathway that results in nuclear accumulation of the bZIP transcription factor Pap1. We report the novel finding that fission yeast Pap1 confers resistance to drug- and non-drug-induced DNA damage even when the DNA damage checkpoint is compromised. Multi-copy expression of Pap1 restores growth to chk1-deficient cells exposed to camptothecin or hydroxyurea. Unexpectedly, increased Pap1 expression also promotes survival of chk1-deficient cells with mutations in genes encoding DNA ligase (cdc17) or DNA polymerase δ (cdc6), but not DNA replication initiation mutants. The ability of Pap1 to confer resistance to DNA damage was not specific to chk1 mutants, as it also improved survival of rad1- and rad9-deficient cells in the presence of CPT. To confer resistance to DNA damage Pap1 must localize to the nucleus and be transcriptionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Belfield
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Craig Queenan
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hui Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kenji Kitamura
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nancy C. Walworth
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Boronat S, Domènech A, Paulo E, Calvo IA, García-Santamarina S, García P, Encinar del Dedo J, Barcons A, Serrano E, Carmona M, Hidalgo E. Thiol-based H2O2 signalling in microbial systems. Redox Biol 2014; 2:395-9. [PMID: 24563858 PMCID: PMC3926117 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues, and in particular their thiolate groups, react not only with reactive oxygen species but also with electrophiles and with reactive nitrogen species. Thus, cysteine oxidation has often been linked to the toxic effects of some of these reactive molecules. However, thiol-based switches are common in protein sensors of antioxidant cascades, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We will describe here three redox sensors, the transcription factors OxyR, Yap1 and Pap1, which respond by disulfide bond formation to hydrogen peroxide stress, focusing specially on the differences among the three peroxide-sensing mechanisms.
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49
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Patterson MJ, McKenzie CG, Smith DA, da Silva Dantas A, Sherston S, Veal EA, Morgan BA, MacCallum DM, Erwig LP, Quinn J. Ybp1 and Gpx3 signaling in Candida albicans govern hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation of the Cap1 transcription factor and macrophage escape. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2244-60. [PMID: 23706023 PMCID: PMC3869436 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As Candida albicans is the major fungal pathogen of humans, there is an urgent need to understand how this pathogen evades toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the host immune system. A key regulator of antioxidant gene expression, and thus ROS resistance, in C. albicans is the AP-1-like transcription factor Cap1. Despite this, little is known regarding the intracellular signaling mechanisms that underlie the oxidation and activation of Cap1. Therefore, the aims of this study were; (i) to identify the regulatory proteins that govern Cap1 oxidation, and (ii) to investigate the importance of Cap1 oxidation in C. albicans pathogenesis. RESULTS In response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not glutathione-depleting/modifying oxidants, Cap1 oxidation, nuclear accumulation, phosphorylation, and Cap1-dependent gene expression, is mediated by a glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme, which we name Gpx3, and an orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yap1 binding protein, Ybp1. In addition, Ybp1 also functions to stabilise Cap1 and this novel function is conserved in S. cerevisiae. C. albicans cells lacking Cap1, Ybp1, or Gpx3, are unable to filament and thus, escape from murine macrophages after phagocytosis, and also display defective virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. INNOVATION Ybp1 is required to promote the stability of fungal AP-1-like transcription factors, and Ybp1 and Gpx3 mediated Cap1-dependent oxidative stress responses are essential for the effective killing of macrophages by C. albicans. CONCLUSION Activation of Cap1, specifically by H2O2, is a prerequisite for the subsequent filamentation and escape of this fungal pathogen from the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J. Patterson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Deborah A. Smith
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra da Silva Dantas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Sherston
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Veal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Morgan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Donna M. MacCallum
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lars-Peter Erwig
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Quinn
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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50
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Dissection of a Redox Relay: H2O2-Dependent Activation of the Transcription Factor Pap1 through the Peroxidatic Tpx1-Thioredoxin Cycle. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1413-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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