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Shi Z, Han Z, Chen J, Zhou JC. Endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins and their roles in glucose and lipid metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167246. [PMID: 38763408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs), such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity, are significant public health issues that negatively impact human health. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role at the cellular level for lipid and sterol biosynthesis, intracellular calcium storage, and protein post-translational modifications. Imbalance and dysfunction of the ER can affect glucose and lipid metabolism. As an essential trace element, selenium contributes to various human physiological functions mainly through 25 types of selenoproteins (SELENOs). At least 10 SELENOs, with experimental and/or computational evidence, are predominantly found on the ER membrane or within its lumen. Two iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs), DIO1 and DIO2, regulate the thyroid hormone deiodination in the thyroid and some external thyroid tissues, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism. Most of the other eight members maintain redox homeostasis in the ER. Especially, SELENOF, SELENOM, and SELENOS are involved in unfolded protein responses; SELENOI catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis; SELENOK, SELENON, and SELENOT participate in calcium homeostasis regulation; and the biological significance of thioredoxin reductase 3 in the ER remains unexplored despite its established function in the thioredoxin system. This review examines recent research advances regarding ER SELENOs in GLMDs and aims to provide insights on ER-related pathology through SELENOs regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ziyu Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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2
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Smith MM, Moran GR. Building on a theme: The redox hierarchy of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109966. [PMID: 38537870 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Flavin disulfide reductases (FDRs) are FAD-dependent enzymes that transmit electrons from NAD(P)H to reduce specific oxidant substrate disulfides. These enzymes have been studied extensively, most particularly the paradigm examples: glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase. The common, though not universal, traits of the family include a tyrosine- or phenylalanine-gated binding pocket for NAD(P) nicotinamides adjacent to the FAD isoalloxazine re-face, and a disulfide stacked against the si-face of the isoalloxazine whose dithiol form is activated for subsequent exchange reactions by a nearby histidine acting as a base. This arrangement promotes transduction of the reducing equivalents for disulfide exchange relay reactions. From an observational standpoint the proximal parallel stacking of three redox moieties induces up to three opportunities for unique charge transfer interactions (NAD(P)H FAD, NAD(P)+•FADH2, and FAD•thiolate). In transient state, the charge transfer transitions provide discrete signals to assign reaction sequences. This review summarizes the lineage of observations for the FDR enzymes that have been extensively studied. Where applicable and in order to chart a consistent interpretation of the record, only data derived from studies that used anaerobic methods are cited. These data reveal a recurring theme for catalysis that is elaborated with specific additional functionalities for each oxidant substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, United States
| | - Graham R Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, United States.
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3
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Dogaru CB, Duță C, Muscurel C, Stoian I. "Alphabet" Selenoproteins: Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15344. [PMID: 37895024 PMCID: PMC10607139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a group of proteins containing selenium in the form of selenocysteine (Sec, U) as the 21st amino acid coded in the genetic code. Their synthesis depends on dietary selenium uptake and a common set of cofactors. Selenoproteins accomplish diverse roles in the body and cell processes by acting, for example, as antioxidants, modulators of the immune function, and detoxification agents for heavy metals, other xenobiotics, and key compounds in thyroid hormone metabolism. Although the functions of all this protein family are still unknown, several disorders in their structure, activity, or expression have been described by researchers. They concluded that selenium or cofactors deficiency, on the one hand, or the polymorphism in selenoproteins genes and synthesis, on the other hand, are involved in a large variety of pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, muscular, oncological, hepatic, endocrine, immuno-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the specific roles of selenoproteins named after letters of the alphabet in medicine, which are less known than the rest, regarding their implications in the pathological processes of several prevalent diseases and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corina Muscurel
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (I.S.)
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4
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Critical Roles of the Cysteine-Glutathione Axis in the Production of γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098044. [PMID: 37175751 PMCID: PMC10179188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl moiety that is attached to the cysteine (Cys) residue in glutathione (GSH) protects it from peptidase-mediated degradation. The sulfhydryl group of the Cys residue represents most of the functions of GSH, which include electron donation to peroxidases, protection of reactive sulfhydryl in proteins via glutaredoxin, and glutathione conjugation of xenobiotics, whereas Cys-derived sulfur is also a pivotal component of some redox-responsive molecules. The amount of Cys that is available tends to restrict the capacity of GSH synthesis. In in vitro systems, cystine is the major form in the extracellular milieu, and a specific cystine transporter, xCT, is essential for survival in most lines of cells and in many primary cultivated cells as well. A reduction in the supply of Cys causes GPX4 to be inhibited due to insufficient GSH synthesis, which leads to iron-dependent necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. Cells generally cannot take up GSH without the removal of γ-glutamyl moiety by γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, the Cys-GSH axis is essentially common to certain types of cells; primarily, neuronal cells that contain a unique metabolic system for intercellular communication concerning γ-glutamyl peptides. After a general description of metabolic processes concerning the Cys-GSH axis, we provide an overview and discuss the significance of GSH-related compounds in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Chakraborty S, Sircar E, Mishra A, Choudhuri A, Dutta S, Bhattacharyya C, Chakraborty S, Bhaumik T, Si S, Rao S, Sarma A, Ray A, Sachin K, Sengupta R. De-glutathionylases: The resilient underdogs to keep neurodegeneration at bay. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:83-92. [PMID: 36863212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteins become S-glutathionylated as a result of the derivatization of their cysteine thiols with the thiolate anion derivative of glutathione; this process is frequently linked to diseases and protein misbehavior. Along with the other well-known oxidative modifications like S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation has quickly emerged as a major contributor to a number of diseases, with a focus on neurodegeneration. The immense clinical significance of S-glutathionylation in cell signaling and the genesis of diseases are progressively coming to light with advanced research, which is also creating new opportunities for prompt diagnostics that utilize this phenomenon. In-depth investigation in recent years has revealed other significant deglutathionylases in addition to glutaredoxin, necessitating the hunt for their specific substrates. The precise catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes must also be understood, along with how the intracellular environment affects their impact on protein conformation and function. These insights must then be extrapolated to the understanding of neurodegeneration and the introduction of novel and clever therapeutic approaches to clinics. Clarifying the importance of the functional overlap of glutaredoxin and other deglutathionylases and examining their complementary functions as defense systems in the face of stress are essential prerequisites for predicting and promoting cell survival under high oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Esha Sircar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Sreejita Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Camelia Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Souhridhra Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Tamal Bhaumik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Somsundar Si
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Suhasini Rao
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Anish Sarma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Anirban Ray
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, 248016, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University, Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India.
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6
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Koner D, Nag N, Kalita P, Padhi AK, Tripathi T, Saha N. Functional expression, localization, and biochemical characterization of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from air-breathing magur catfish, Clarias magur. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123126. [PMID: 36603726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems regulate cellular redox homeostasis and maintain antioxidant defense in most eukaryotes. We earlier reported the absence of gene coding for the glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme of the GSH system in the facultative air-breathing catfish, Clarias magur. Here, we identified three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) genes, one of which was later confirmed as a thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR). We then characterized the novel recombinant TGR enzyme of C. magur (CmTGR). The tissue-specific expression of the txnrd genes and the tissue-specific activity of the TrxR enzyme were analyzed. The recombinant CmTGR is a dimer of ~133 kDa. The protein showed TrxR activity with 5,5'-diothiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction assay with a Km of 304.40 μM and GR activity with a Km of 58.91 μM. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CmTGR was related to the TrxRs of fishes and distantly related to the TGRs of platyhelminth parasites. The structural analysis revealed the conserved glutaredoxin active site and FAD- and NADPH-binding sites. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of a TGR in any fish. This unusual presence of TGR in C. magur is crucial as it helps maintain redox homeostasis under environmental stressors-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Koner
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Niharika Nag
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Parismita Kalita
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Aditya K Padhi
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biomolecular Design, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| | - Nirmalendu Saha
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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7
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Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay A. From oxidative imbalance to compromised standard sperm parameters: Toxicological aspect of phthalate esters on spermatozoa. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104085. [PMID: 36841271 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exponential rise in global male infertility and subfertility-related issues raises severe concern. One of the major contributors is phthalate esters, typical endocrine disruptors affecting millions of lives. The inevitable exposure to phthalates due to their universal application as plasticizers leaves the human population vulnerable to this silent threat. This review explicitly deals with the spermiotoxic effects of different phthalate esters on in vivo and in vitro models and on surveyed human populations to find the most plausible link between global usage of phthalates and poor sperm health. As the free radicals in spermatozoa are prerequisites for their standard structure and functioning, the precise regulation and phthalate-mediated impairment of pro-oxidant:anti-oxidant balance with subsequent loss of structural and functional integrity have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, we also provided future directives, which, if addressed, will fill the still-existing lacunae in phthalate-mediated male reproductive toxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Govt College Dhimarkheda (Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya), Katni, Madhya Pradesh 483332, India.
| | - Arindam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India.
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Liu A, Li F, Xu P, Chen Y, Liang X, Zheng S, Meng H, Zhu Y, Mo J, Gong C, Zhou JC. Gpx4, Selenov, and Txnrd3 Are Three Most Testis-Abundant Selenogenes Resistant to Dietary Selenium Concentrations and Actively Expressed During Reproductive Ages in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:250-259. [PMID: 35076866 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Almost all selenogenes are expressed in the testis, and those have the highest and constant expressions will be the primary candidates for functional analysis of selenium (Se) in male reproduction. This study aimed to profile the mRNA expressions of the testis-abundant selenogenes of rat models in responses to growth and dietary Se concentrations. Forty-eight weaning SD male rats were fed Se deficient basal diet (BD) for 5 weeks and then randomly grouped (n = 12/group) for being fed BD or BD plus 0.25, 3, or 5 mg Se/kg for 4 more weeks before sacrifice. Abundances of selenogenomic mRNAs in the liver and testis were determined with relative qPCR and those of the testis-abundant selenogenes in 13 kinds of tissues were assayed with a molecular beacon-based qPCR. Spatiotemporal expressions of rat selenogenome were also analyzed with the RNA-Seq transcriptomic data published by NCBI. mRNA abundances of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), nuclear Gpx4 (nGpx4), selenoprotein V (Selenov), and thioredoxin reductase 3 (Txnrd3) in the testis were significantly higher than that in any other tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, testicular mRNA abundances of Gpx4, Selenov, and Txnrd3 were not affected by levels of dietary Se supplementation (P > 0.05), and much higher at 6-21 weeks old than at 2 and 104 weeks old (P < 0.05). The result showed that Gpx4, Selenov, and Txnrd3 were most highly expressed in the testis of rats especially at reproductive ages and resistant to the impact of dietary Se levels, which suggested their specific importance in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Nanjing Gulou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengna Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, 518028, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongshun Liang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Zheng
- Service Center for Public Health of Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518018, Guangdong, China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Junluan Mo
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Bang J, Kang D, Jung J, Yoo TJ, Shim MS, Gladyshev VN, Tsuji PA, Hatfield DL, Kim JH, Lee BJ. SEPHS1: Its evolution, function and roles in development and diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109426. [PMID: 36202216 PMCID: PMC9648052 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetase (SEPHS) was originally discovered in prokaryotes as an enzyme that catalyzes selenophosphate synthesis using inorganic selenium and ATP as substrates. However, in contrast to prokaryotes, two paralogs, SEPHS1 and SEPHS2, occur in many eukaryotes. Prokaryotic SEPHS, also known as SelD, contains either cysteine (Cys) or selenocysteine (Sec) in the catalytic domain. In eukaryotes, only SEPHS2 carries out selenophosphate synthesis and contains Sec at the active site. However, SEPHS1 contains amino acids other than Sec or Cys at the catalytic position. Phylogenetic analysis of SEPHSs reveals that the ancestral SEPHS contains both selenophosphate synthesis and another unknown activity, and that SEPHS1 lost the selenophosphate synthesis activity. The three-dimensional structure of SEPHS1 suggests that its homodimer is unable to form selenophosphate, but retains ATPase activity to produce ADP and inorganic phosphate. The most prominent function of SEPHS1 is that it is implicated in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. Deficiency of SEPHS1 leads to the disturbance in the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis. Different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are accumulated in response to SEPHS deficiency depending on cell or tissue types. The accumulation of ROS causes pleiotropic effects such as growth retardation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and embryonic lethality. SEPHS1 deficiency in mouse embryos affects retinoic signaling and other related signaling pathways depending on the embryonal stage until the embryo dies at E11.5. Dysregulated SEPHS1 is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer, Crohn's disease, and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyoung Bang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisu Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tack-Jin Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Sup Shim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petra A Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD, USA
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Byeong Jae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase selenoproteins from different organisms as potential drug targets for treatment of human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:320-338. [PMID: 35987423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with a central role in cellular redox homeostasis, utilizing a highly reactive and solvent-exposed selenocysteine (Sec) residue in its active site. Pharmacological modulation of TrxR can be obtained with several classes of small compounds showing different mechanisms of action, but most often dependent upon interactions with its Sec residue. The clinical implications of TrxR modulation as mediated by small compounds have been studied in diverse diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia to cancer and parasitic infections. The possible involvement of TrxR in these diseases was in some cases serendipitously discovered, by finding that existing clinically used drugs are also TrxR inhibitors. Inhibiting isoforms of human TrxR is, however, not the only strategy for human disease treatment, as some pathogenic parasites also depend upon Sec-containing TrxR variants, including S. mansoni, B. malayi or O. volvulus. Inhibiting parasite TrxR has been shown to selectively kill parasites and can thus become a promising treatment strategy, especially in the context of quickly emerging resistance towards other drugs. Here we have summarized the basis for the targeting of selenoprotein TrxR variants with small molecules for therapeutic purposes in different human disease contexts. We discuss how Sec engagement appears to be an indispensable part of treatment efficacy and how some therapeutically promising compounds have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Several research questions remain before a wider application of selenoprotein TrxR inhibition as a first-line treatment strategy might be developed. These include further mechanistic studies of downstream effects that may mediate treatment efficacy, identification of isoform-specific enzyme inhibition patterns for some given therapeutic compounds, and the further elucidation of cell-specific effects in disease contexts such as in the tumor microenvironment or in host-parasite interactions, and which of these effects may be dependent upon the specific targeting of Sec in distinct TrxR isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Machcinska S, Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wisniewska J, Rokka A, Pääkkönen M, Slowinska M, Gawronska-Kozak B. Hypoxia reveals a new function of Foxn1 in the keratinocyte antioxidant defense system. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22436. [PMID: 35792861 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200249rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin exposed to environmental threats, including injuries and oxidative stress, develops an efficient but not fully recognized system of repair and antioxidant protection. Here, using mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS), followed by in vitro and in vivo experiments, we provided evidence that Foxn1 in keratinocytes regulates elements of the electron transport chain and participates in the thioredoxin system (Txn2, Txnrd3, and Srxn1) induction, particularly in a hypoxic environment. We first showed that Foxn1 in keratinocytes upregulates glutathione thioredoxin reductase 3 (Txnrd3) protein expression, and high levels of Txnrd3 mRNA were detected in injured skin of Foxn1+/+ mice. We also showed that Foxn1 strongly downregulated the Ccn2 protein expression, participating in epidermal reconstruction after injury. An in vitro assay revealed that Foxn1 controls keratinocyte migration, stimulating it under normoxia and suppressing it under hypoxia. Keratinocytes overexpressing Foxn1 and exposed to hypoxia displayed a reduced ability to promote angiogenesis by downregulating Vegfa expression. In conclusion, this study showed a new mechanism in which Foxn1, along with hypoxia, participates in the activation of antioxidant defense and controls the functional properties of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Machcinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wisniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mariola Slowinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Dou Q, Turanov AA, Mariotti M, Hwang JY, Wang H, Lee SG, Paulo JA, Yim SH, Gygi SP, Chung JJ, Gladyshev VN. Selenoprotein TXNRD3 supports male fertility via the redox regulation of spermatogenesis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102183. [PMID: 35753352 PMCID: PMC9352919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin/glutathione reductase (TXNRD3) is a selenoprotein composed of thioredoxin reductase and glutaredoxin domains. This NADPH-dependent thiol oxidoreductase evolved through gene duplication within the Txnrd family, is expressed in the testes, and can reduce both thioredoxin and glutathione in vitro; however, the function of this enzyme remains unknown. To characterize the function of TXNRD3 in vivo, we generated a strain of mice bearing deletion of Txnrd3 gene. We show that these Txnrd3 knockout mice are viable and without discernable gross phenotypes, and also that TXNRD3 deficiency leads to fertility impairment in male mice. We found that Txnrd3 knockout animals exhibited a lower fertilization rate in vitro, a sperm movement phenotype, and an altered thiol redox status in sperm cells. Proteomic analyses further revealed a broad range of substrates reduced by TXNRD3 during sperm maturation, presumably as a part of sperm quality control. Taken together, these results show that TXNRD3 plays a critical role in male reproduction via the thiol redox control of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Dou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anton A Turanov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Mariotti
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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13
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Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061102. [PMID: 35739999 PMCID: PMC9220675 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the evolution of the Earth, the increase in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen gave rise to the development of organisms with aerobic metabolism, which utilized this molecule as the ultimate electron acceptor, whereas other organisms maintained an anaerobic metabolism. Platyhelminthes exhibit both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen in their environment and/or due to differential oxygen tensions during certain stages of their life cycle. As these organisms do not have a circulatory system, gas exchange occurs by the passive diffusion through their body wall. Consequently, the flatworms developed several adaptations related to the oxygen gradient that is established between the aerobic tegument and the cellular parenchyma that is mostly anaerobic. Because of the aerobic metabolism, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in abundance. Catalase usually scavenges H2O2 in mammals; however, this enzyme is absent in parasitic platyhelminths. Thus, the architecture of the antioxidant systems is different, depending primarily on the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin enzymes represented mainly in the tegument. Here, we discuss the adaptations that parasitic flatworms have developed to be able to transit from the different metabolic conditions to those they are exposed to during their life cycle.
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14
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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Turovsky EA. The Role of Selenoproteins SELENOM and SELENOT in the Regulation of Apoptosis, ER Stress, and Calcium Homeostasis in the A-172 Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060811. [PMID: 35741332 PMCID: PMC9220170 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this work, we present for the first time the effects of the suppression of the activity of poorly studied selenoproteins SELENOM and SELENOT in human glioblastoma cells, which is extremely important for understanding the functions of these proteins in brain cells. It has been shown that despite the structural similarity of these proteins, they affect the viability of these cancer cells in different ways, affecting various molecular mechanisms of regulation of pro-apoptotic genes, ER stress markers, and their physiological partners, as well as the regulation of cytosolic calcium. Abstract It is known that seven mammalian selenoproteins are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum: SELENOM, SELENOT, SELENOF, SELENOK, SELENOS, SELENON, and DIO2. Among them, SELENOM and SELENOT are the least studied; therefore, the study of their function using the widespread method of suppressing the expression of genes encoding these proteins and the activity of the enzymes themselves by RNA interference is of great interest. We have shown that a decrease in the expression of SELENOM and SELENOT mRNA in the A-172 human glioblastoma cell line by more than 10 times and the quantitative content of enzymes by more than 3 times leads to ER stress, expressed as a decrease in the ER capacity for storing Ca2+ ions. At the level of regulation of apoptotic processes, SELENOM knockdown leads to an increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic CHOP, GADD34, PUMA, and BIM genes, but a compensatory increase in the levels of SELENOT and antioxidant genes from the group of glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxins did not induce cell death. Knockdown of SELENOT had the opposite effect, reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and regulating the level of a smaller number of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, which also did not affect the baseline level of apoptosis in the studied cells. At the same time, ER stress induced by MSA or SeNPs induced a more pronounced pro-apoptotic effect in SELENOT knockdown cells through suppression of the expression of selenium-containing antioxidant proteins. Thus, in this work, for the first time, the mechanisms of fine regulation of the processes of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and ER stress by two ER resident proteins, SELENOM and SELENOT, are touched upon, which is not only fundamental but also applied to clinical importance due to the close relationship between the calcium signaling system of cells, folding proteins-regulators of apoptosis and cell survival pathways.
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15
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Wang H, Dou Q, Jeong KJ, Choi J, Gladyshev VN, Chung JJ. Redox regulation by TXNRD3 during epididymal maturation underlies capacitation-associated mitochondrial activity and sperm motility in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102077. [PMID: 35643315 PMCID: PMC9218152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During epididymal transit, redox remodeling protects mammalian spermatozoa, preparing them for survival in the subsequent journey to fertilization. However, molecular mechanisms of redox regulation in sperm development and maturation remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TXNRD3), a thioredoxin reductase family member particularly abundant in elongating spermatids at the site of mitochondrial sheath formation, regulates redox homeostasis to support male fertility. Using Txnrd3-/- mice, our biochemical, ultrastructural, and live cell imaging analyses revealed impairments in sperm morphology and motility under conditions of TXNRD3 deficiency. We find that mitochondria develop more defined cristae during capacitation in wildtype sperm. Furthermore, we show that absence of TXNRD3 alters thiol redox status in both the head and tail during sperm maturation and capacitation, resulting in defective mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity under capacitating conditions. These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms of redox homeostasis and bioenergetics during sperm maturation, capacitation, and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qianhui Dou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyung Jo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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16
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Biochemical and structural characterizations of thioredoxin reductase selenoproteins of the parasitic filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102278. [PMID: 35276442 PMCID: PMC8914392 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes in the thiol redox systems of microbial pathogens are promising targets for drug development. In this study we characterized the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) selenoproteins from Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus, filarial nematode parasites and causative agents of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, respectively. The two filarial enzymes showed similar turnover numbers and affinities for different thioredoxin (Trx) proteins, but with a clear preference for the autologous Trx. Human TrxR1 (hTrxR1) had a high and similar specific activity versus the human and filarial Trxs, suggesting that, in vivo, hTrxR1 could possibly be the reducing agent of parasite Trxs once they are released into the host. Both filarial TrxRs were efficiently inhibited by auranofin and by a recently described inhibitor of human TrxR1 (TRi-1), but not as efficiently by the alternative compound TRi-2. The enzyme from B. malayi was structurally characterized also in complex with NADPH and auranofin, producing the first crystallographic structure of a nematode TrxR. The protein represents an unusual fusion of a mammalian-type TrxR protein architecture with an N-terminal glutaredoxin-like (Grx) domain lacking typical Grx motifs. Unlike thioredoxin glutathione reductases (TGRs) found in platyhelminths and mammals, which are also Grx–TrxR domain fusion proteins, the TrxRs from the filarial nematodes lacked glutathione disulfide reductase and Grx activities. The structural determinations revealed that the Grx domain of TrxR from B. malayi contains a cysteine (C22), conserved in TrxRs from clade IIIc nematodes, that directly interacts with the C-terminal cysteine-selenocysteine motif of the homo-dimeric subunit. Interestingly, despite this finding we found that altering C22 by mutation to serine did not affect enzyme catalysis. Thus, although the function of the Grx domain in these filarial TrxRs remains to be determined, the results obtained provide insights on key properties of this important family of selenoprotein flavoenzymes that are potential drug targets for treatment of filariasis.
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17
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Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020251. [PMID: 35204134 PMCID: PMC8868242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement required for a number of biological functions. Selenium—and more specifically the amino acid selenocysteine—is present in at least 25 human selenoproteins involved in a wide variety of essential biological functions, ranging from the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration to the biosynthesis of hormones. These processes also play a central role in preventing and modulating the clinical outcome of several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, mental disorders, cardiovascular disorders, fertility impairments, inflammation, and infections (including SARS-CoV-2). Over the past years, a number of studies focusing on the relationship between selenium and such pathologies have been reported. Generally, an adequate selenium nutritional state—and in some cases selenium supplementation—have been related to improved prognostic outcome and reduced risk of developing several diseases. On the other hand, supra-nutritional levels might have adverse effects. The results of recent studies focusing on these topics are summarized and discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on advances achieved in the last decade.
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18
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Zhang X, Li X. Abnormal Iron and Lipid Metabolism Mediated Ferroptosis in Kidney Diseases and Its Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35050181 PMCID: PMC8779729 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Ferroptosis has distinct biological and morphology characteristics, such as shrunken mitochondria when compared to other known regulated cell deaths. The regulation of ferroptosis includes different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathways, which are involved in the amino acid metabolism and the activation of GPX4; iron metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of iron import/export and the storage/release of intracellular iron through iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), and lipid metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in the pathology of various kidneys diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Targeting ferroptosis with its inducers/initiators and inhibitors can modulate the progression of kidney diseases in animal models. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of ferroptosis and the ferroptosis-based mechanisms, highlighting the potential role of the main ferroptosis-associated metabolic pathways in the treatment and prevention of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Sperm Redox System Equilibrium: Implications for Fertilization and Male Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:345-367. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Ameliorative effect of Allium atroviolaceum on sperm quality in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent that is extensively used in different chemotherapy regimens. Adverse effects on the reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis, are one of the most important side effects of this drug. It is medically essential to use complementary and alternative drugs. Herbal drugs have long been used as a complementary treatment. Our purpose was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. extract on spermatogenesis in CP-treated mice.
Results
CP affected a significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. Sperm count was significantly higher in the all extract groups than in the group of control (p<0.001) and CP group (p<0.001, p<0.01). Sperm motility was significantly greater in the extract (100 and 200mg/kg) groups than in the group of control (p<0.05 and <0.001). Sperm immotility and rotational movement were significantly higher in the CP group than in the CP+extract groups (p<0.001). The sperm viability was significantly greater in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). The number of headless sperm, sperm with initial tail, with coiled tail, and sperm with curved body, was significantly lower in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001).
Conclusion
A. atroviolaceum extract treatment significantly improved CP-induced reproductive toxicity.
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21
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Schoenmakers E, Chatterjee K. Human Genetic Disorders Resulting in Systemic Selenoprotein Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12927. [PMID: 34884733 PMCID: PMC8658020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, a trace element fundamental to human health, is incorporated as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into more than 25 proteins, referred to as selenoproteins. Human mutations in SECISBP2, SEPSECS and TRU-TCA1-1, three genes essential in the selenocysteine incorporation pathway, affect the expression of most if not all selenoproteins. Systemic selenoprotein deficiency results in a complex, multifactorial disorder, reflecting loss of selenoprotein function in specific tissues and/or long-term impaired selenoenzyme-mediated defence against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. SEPSECS mutations are associated with a predominantly neurological phenotype with progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy. Selenoprotein deficiency due to SECISBP2 and TRU-TCA1-1 defects are characterized by abnormal circulating thyroid hormones due to lack of Sec-containing deiodinases, low serum selenium levels (low SELENOP, GPX3), with additional features (myopathy due to low SELENON; photosensitivity, hearing loss, increased adipose mass and function due to reduced antioxidant and endoplasmic reticulum stress defence) in SECISBP2 cases. Antioxidant therapy ameliorates oxidative damage in cells and tissues of patients, but its longer term benefits remain undefined. Ongoing surveillance of patients enables ascertainment of additional phenotypes which may provide further insights into the role of selenoproteins in human biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
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22
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Tang JY, He Z, Liu YG, Jia G, Liu GM, Chen XL, Tian G, Cai JY, Kang B, Zhao H. Effect of supplementing hydroxy selenomethionine on meat quality of yellow feather broiler. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101389. [PMID: 34428646 PMCID: PMC8385448 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing hydroxy selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) on performance, selenium (Se) deposition in the breast muscle, quality and oxidative stability, and expression of selenoprotein encoding genes of breast meat of the native slow-growing yellow-feathered broiler birds. A total of 375 one-day-old local yellow male birds were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments, supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg in the form of OH-SeMet. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates and each replicate had 15 birds, the birds were fed on basal diet containing corn and soybean meal, and the experiment lasted for 63 d. The results showed that dietary Se supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.001) Se contents in both serum and muscle, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed on growth performance, yield of breast, meat color, and intramuscular fat deposition of the breast muscle. Dietary Se addition improved water-holding capacity, the pH24h value, and tenderness of breast muscle, evidenced by a linear decreases of shear force (P < 0.05), accompanied by lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and higher glutathione reductase activity. The mRNA abundance of selenoprotein encoding genes also responded to dietary Se levels. It is concluded that, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet improved muscular Se deposition and meat quality of the native yellow birds, with enhanced antioxidant capability and regulation in selenogenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Z He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Y G Liu
- Adisseo Asia Pacific P/L, 188778, Singapore
| | - G Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - G M Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - X L Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - G Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J Y Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - B Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - H Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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23
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Soleimani Meigoni Z, Jabari F, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M. Protective effects of forced exercise against topiramate-induced cognition impairment and enhancement of its antiepileptic activity: molecular and behavioral evidences. Int J Neurosci 2021; 132:1198-1209. [PMID: 33428483 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1873979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Propose/aim of study: Forced exercise can act as a neuroprotective factor and cognitive enhancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of forced exercise on topiramate (TPM) induced cognitive impairment and also on TPM anti-seizure activity and neurodegeneration status after seizure.Material and method: Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups receiving normal saline, TPM (100 mg/kg), TPM in combination with forced exercise and forced exercise only respectively for 21 days. MWM test, and PTZ induced seizure were used and some oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers were measured for assessment of experimental animals.Results: Forced exercise in combination with TPM could abolish the TPM induced cognitive impairment and potentiates its anti-seizure activity. Also forced exercise in combination with TPM decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Bax protein, while caused increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities after PTZ administration.Conclusion: It seems that forced exercise could act as an adjunct therapy with TPM for management of induced cognitive impairment and can also potentiate TPM antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani Meigoni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jabari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu W, Li D, Feng X, Zhao F, Li C, Zheng S, Lyu J. A pan-cancer study of selenoprotein genes as promising targets for cancer therapy. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33706760 PMCID: PMC7948377 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most important health benefit of selenium (Se) is in the prevention and control of cancer. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs) are selenoenzymes that are thought to play a role in oxidative stress. The differential expression of genes of the TXNRD and GPX families is closely related to carcinogenesis and the occurrence of cancer. This study comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of seven genes in the TXNRD and GPX families, in terms of their correlations with patient survival and immune-cell subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. Results The expression profiles of genes in the TXNRD and GPX families differ between different types of cancer, and also between and within individual cancer cases. The expression levels of the seven analyzed genes are related to the overall survival of patients. The TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 genes are mainly related to poor prognoses, while other genes are related to good or poor prognoses depending on the type of cancer. All of the genes were found to be correlated to varying degrees with immune-cell subtypes, level of mechanistic cell infiltration, and tumor cell stemness. The TXNRD1, GPX1, and GPX2 genes may exert dual effects in tumor mutagenesis and development, while the TXNRD1, GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 genes were found to be related to drug sensitivity or the formation of drug resistance. Conclusions The results will greatly help in identifying the association between genes and tumorigenesis, especially in the immune response, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance, and very important when attempting to identify new therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00930-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daning Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengzhuo Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China. .,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Ortiz-Rodriguez JM, Nerozzi C, Bucci D, Mislei B, Mari G, Tamanini C, Peña FJ, Spinaci M, Galeati G. The inhibition of spermatic cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) influences the ability of cryopreserved stallion sperm to bind to heterologous zonae pellucidae. Theriogenology 2021; 167:24-31. [PMID: 33743505 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are redox-regulated cells, and deregulation of their redox status is considered to affect male fertility and to reduce their fertilizing ability following biotechnological procedures, such as cryopreservation. Cystine (CysS), after incorporation in sperm via SLC7A11 antiporter, has been demonstrated to increase intracellular GSH content, the most important non enzymatic antioxidant. This study was aimed at investigating the role of SLC7A11 antiporter on frozen-thawed stallion sperm ability to respond to in vitro capacitating environment after post-thaw incubation with CysS and/or Sulfasalazine (SS), a specific inhibitor of SLC7A11 antiporter. Viability, motility, immunolocalization of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and the ability to bind to heterologous zonae pellucidae were evaluated. Thawed sperm from seven stallions (2 ejaculates/stallion) was washed and resuspended in Tyrodes media; each thawed ejaculate was divided in Control (CTR) and 3 samples supplemented with: 0.5 mM Cystine (CysS), 500 μM Sulfasalazine (SS) and 0.5 mM CysS + 500 μM SS (CysS + SS). After 1 h of incubation at 37 °C, samples were washed twice, resuspended in capacitating BWW medium and incubated at 38 °C under 5% CO2. After 30 and 60 min, sperm motility, viability and tyrosine phosphorylated protein immunolocalization, used as capacitation status index, were evaluated. After 30 min of capacitation, 4 × 105 sperm were co-incubated with denuded pig oocytes in capacitation medium for 30 min for the heterologous binding assay. None of the sperm parameters studied (motility, viability and tyrosine phosphorylation) showed any difference respective to control. The number of sperm bound per oocyte (mean ± SEM) tended to increase in CysS group (44.0 ± 12.3) respect CTR (40.8 ± 10.8) while decreased in SS group (32.4 ± 7.8) (p < 0.01). Moreover, CysS + SS group showed a lower binding rate (32.0 ± 10.0) compared to CysS (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that CysS supplementation of thawed stallion sperm can influence their ability to bind to heterologous zona pellucidae as the inhibition of CysS incorporation by SLC7A11 reduced the number of sperm bound per oocyte. This effect does not seem to be ascribed to a modification of sperm motility, membrane integrity and tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - C Nerozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Mislei
- National Institute of Artificial Insemination (AUB-INFA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Artificial Insemination (AUB-INFA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - M Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - G Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Ayuso P, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Variability of the Genes Involved in the Cellular Redox Status and Their Implication in Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020294. [PMID: 33672092 PMCID: PMC7919686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Of the great diversity of drugs involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions, the most frequent are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs followed by β-lactam antibiotics. The redox status regulates the level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS interplay and modulate the action of diverse biomolecules, such as inflammatory mediators and drugs. In this review, we address the role of the redox status in the initiation, as well as in the resolution of inflammatory processes involved in drug hypersensitivity reactions. We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Based on current evidence, the most relevant candidate redox genes related to hypersensitivity drug reactions are GSTM1, TXNRD1, SOD1, and SOD2. Increasing the understanding of pharmacogenetics in drug hypersensitivity reactions will contribute to the development of early diagnostic or prognosis tools, and will help to diminish the occurrence and/or the severity of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927257000 (ext. 51038)
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27
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Chatterji A, Sengupta R. Cellular S-denitrosylases: Potential role and interplay of Thioredoxin, TRP14, and Glutaredoxin systems in thiol-dependent protein denitrosylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 131:105904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Mafireyi TJ, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM. Fluorogenic probes for thioredoxin reductase activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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29
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Mazloomi S, Khodadadi I, Alimohammadi S, Shafiee G. Correlation of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities with serum trace elements in preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:120-124. [PMID: 32876493 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1817476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a dangerous disease of pregnancy with symptoms such as high blood pressure and proteinuria. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme produces nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator of vasodilation and need to calcium and zinc ions for activity. The thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) as an enzyme containing selenium has been neutralized the damaging effects of oxidants. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the activity of eNOS and TrxR enzymes and the amounts of calcium, zinc, and selenium elements in serum of women with preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty preeclampsia and 30 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in the study after clinical examination and confirmation by Obstetrician-Gynecologist. Venous blood samples were collected and the activity of NOS, TrxR enzymes, and the concentration of zinc, calcium, and selenium elements were measured in serum. RESULTS The results of NOS and TrxR activities showed significant decreases in preeclampsia compared with control group (p < .05). In addition, concentrations of zinc, calcium, and selenium were markedly lower in preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION This study identified the role of the NOS and TrxR activities in preeclampsia disorder and may be one of the ways to prevent and reduce the risks of preeclampsia in high-risk women using diet control and stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazloomi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shohreh Alimohammadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shafiee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran.,Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. on the pathology of testicular tissue in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020; 10:25-32. [PMID: 33854924 PMCID: PMC7721469 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most important side effects of Cyclophosphamide, as an anticancer broad-spectrum drug, are the negative effects on the reproduction and fertility because of oxidative stress. Considering the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants, especially those of the Allium genus, this paper studied the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium atroviolaceum L. on the pathology of testicular tissue in CP-treated mice. Methods Groups of this experimental study consisted of normal saline recipients; three groups receiving A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100, 200 mg/kg; three groups receiving A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/g and 6.6 mg/kg of Cyclophosphamide; and a group given Cyclophosphamide at 1.6 mg/kg. All injections were performed intra-peritoneally. After 30 days, the testicular histological profile as well as the number of spermatozoa, the number of primary and round spermatocytes, and the number of spermatogonia were investigated. Results Cyclophosphamide treatment significantly reduced the lumen diameter, the seminiferous tubule diameter, the epithelial thickness, as well as decreased the quantity of spermatozoa and round and primary spermatocytes compared to the control group. Cyclophosphamide groups treated with A. atroviolaceum extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in a significant manner improved these variables (P < 0.001). Conclusion A. atroviolaceum extract can significantly improve Cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity and pathological process on testicular tissue. It seems that this plant, with high antioxidant capacity, can be considered a complementary therapy for Cyclophosphamide to prevent undesirable effects on the reproductive system.
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31
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Baskaran S, Finelli R, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Reactive oxygen species in male reproduction: A boon or a bane? Andrologia 2020; 53:e13577. [PMID: 32271474 DOI: 10.1111/and.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen during normal cellular metabolism. ROS play a crucial role in the physiological processes and signalling pathways associated with male fertility. At physiological concentrations, ROS act as molecular mediators of signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. They also trigger the morphological changes required for sperm maturation, such as DNA compaction and flagellar modification. Furthermore, ROS modulate crucial processes involved in the attainment of sperm fertilising ability such as capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. Conversely, oxidative stress prevails when the concentration of ROS overwhelms the body's antioxidant defence. Various endogenous and exogenous factors enhance the synthesis of ROS resulting in the disruption of structural and functional integrity of spermatozoa through the induction of apoptotic pathway and oxidation of molecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Therefore, maintenance of a balanced redox state is critical for normal male reproductive functions. This article discusses the dual role of ROS in male reproduction, highlighting the physiological role as well as their pathological implications on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Abstract
The mammalian thioredoxin system is driven by NADPH through the activities of isoforms of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD, TrxR), which in turn help to keep thioredoxins (TXN, Trx) and further downstream targets reduced. Due to a wide range of functions in antioxidant defense, cell proliferation, and redox signaling, strong cellular aberrations are seen upon the targeting of TrxR enzymes by inhibitors. However, such inhibition can nonetheless have rather unexpected consequences. Accumulating data suggest that inhibition of TrxR in normal cells typically yields a paradoxical effect of increased antioxidant defense, with metabolic pathway reprogramming, increased cellular proliferation, and altered cellular differentiation patterns. Conversely, inhibition of TrxR in cancer cells can yield excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in cell death and thus anticancer efficacy. The observed increases in antioxidant capacity upon inhibition of TrxR in normal cells are in part dependent upon activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, while exaggerated ROS levels in cancer cells can be explained by a non-oncogene addiction of cancer cells to TrxR1 due to their increased endogenous production of ROS. These separate consequences of TrxR inhibition can be utilized therapeutically. Importantly, however, a thorough knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying effects triggered by TrxR inhibition is crucial for the understanding of therapy outcomes after use of such inhibitors. The mammalian thioredoxin system is driven by thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD, TrxR), which keeps thioredoxins (TXN, Trx) and further downstream targets reduced. In normal cells, inhibition of TrxR yields a paradoxical effect of increased antioxidant defense upon activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor. In cancer cells, however, inhibition of TrxR yields excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels resulting in cell death and thus anticancer efficacy, which can be explained by a non-oncogene addiction of cancer cells to TrxR1 due to their increased endogenous production of ROS. These separate consequences of TrxR inhibition can be utilized therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Gellert M, Hossain MF, Berens FJF, Bruhn LW, Urbainsky C, Liebscher V, Lillig CH. Substrate specificity of thioredoxins and glutaredoxins - towards a functional classification. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02943. [PMID: 31890941 PMCID: PMC6928294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatio-temporal reduction and oxidation of protein thiols is an essential mechanism in signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins efficiently catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and the proteins are widely recognized for their importance in the operation of thiol switches. Trx family proteins have a broad and at the same time very distinct substrate specificity – a prerequisite for redox switching. Despite of multiple efforts, the true nature for this specificity is still under debate. Here, we comprehensively compare the classification/clustering of various redoxins from all domains of life based on their similarity in amino acid sequence, tertiary structure, and their electrostatic properties. We correlate these similarities to the existence of common interaction partners, identified in various previous studies and suggested by proteomic screenings. These analyses confirm that primary and tertiary structure similarity, and thereby all common classification systems, do not correlate to the target specificity of the proteins as thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. Instead, a number of examples clearly demonstrate the importance of electrostatic similarity for their target specificity, independent of their belonging to the Trx or glutaredoxin subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Md Faruq Hossain
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Jacob Ferdinand Berens
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Mathematics and Informatics, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Willy Bruhn
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Mathematics and Informatics, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Urbainsky
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Volkmar Liebscher
- Institute for Mathematics and Informatics, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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34
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Qian F, Misra S, Prabhu KS. Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:484-516. [PMID: 31996052 PMCID: PMC7122104 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
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35
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Hamilton LE, Zigo M, Mao J, Xu W, Sutovsky P, O’Flaherty C, Oko R. GSTO2 Isoforms Participate in the Oxidative Regulation of the Plasmalemma in Eutherian Spermatozoa during Capacitation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120601. [PMID: 31795389 PMCID: PMC6943649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to perinuclear theca anchored glutathione-s-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2), whose function is to participate in sperm nuclear decondensation during fertilization (Biol Reprod. 2019, 101:368–376), we herein provide evidence that GSTO2 is acquired on the sperm plasmalemma during epididymal maturation. This novel membrane localization was reinforced by the isolation and identification of biotin-conjugated surface proteins from ejaculated and capacitated boar and mouse spermatozoa, prompting us to hypothesize that GSTO2 has an oxidative/reductive role in regulating sperm function during capacitation. Utilizing an inhibitor specific to the active site of GSTO2 in spermatozoa, inhibition of this enzyme led to a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation late in the capacitation process, followed by an expected decrease in acrosome exocytosis and motility. These changes were accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and membrane lipid peroxidation and culminated in a significant decrease in the percentage of oocytes successfully penetrated by sperm during in vitro fertilization. We conclude that GSTO2 participates in the regulation of sperm function during capacitation, most likely through protection against oxidative stress on the sperm surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hamilton
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (L.E.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Jiude Mao
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (L.E.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (P.S.)
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cristian O’Flaherty
- Department of Surgery (Urology Division), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3JI, Canada;
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (L.E.H.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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Peña FJ, O’Flaherty C, Ortiz Rodríguez JM, Martín Cano FE, Gaitskell-Phillips GL, Gil MC, Ortega Ferrusola C. Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110567. [PMID: 31752408 PMCID: PMC6912273 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927-257-167
| | - Cristian O’Flaherty
- Departments of Surgery (Urology Division) and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - José M. Ortiz Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
| | - Francisco E. Martín Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
| | - Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
| | - María C. Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
| | - Cristina Ortega Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.O.R.); (F.E.M.C.); (G.L.G.-P.); (M.C.G.); (C.O.F.)
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Varlamova EG, Maltseva VN. Micronutrient Selenium: Uniqueness and Vital Functions. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Sattar H, Yang J, Zhao X, Cai J, Liu Q, Ishfaq M, Yang Z, Chen M, Zhang Z, Xu S. Selenoprotein-U (SelU) knockdown triggers autophagy through PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibition in rooster Sertoli cells. Metallomics 2019; 10:929-940. [PMID: 29961786 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00090e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a major component of male reproduction which exerts its effects via selenoproteins. Selenoprotein U (SelU), a newly identified protein, is expressed highly in eukaryotes and possesses a conserved motif similar to that existing in other thiol-dependent redox regulating selenoproteins; however its function is unknown. To investigate the role of SelU in testis autophagic and/or apoptosis cell death mechanisms, we established a Sertoli cell (SC) model isolated from 45 day old layer roosters. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to develop SelU-knockdown (SelU-KD) and normal (N) SC models. Consequent to transfection, electron microscopy, qPCR, and western blot were performed. The results show that the mRNA and proteins of autophagy and anti-apoptosis genes increased while that of anti-autophagic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and pro-apoptosis genes decreased significantly in SelU-KD in contrast to N cells. Simultaneously, in contrast to N cells the expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) both at the mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly in SelU-KD cells. In-addition, SelU depletion altered the expression of regulatory factors and increased the mRNA of TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex) genes as compared to N cells. Extensive autophagosome formation and lysosome degradation with an intact cytoskeleton were observed in SelU-KD cells. Our data indicate that SelU deprivation elicits autophagy and reduces the expression of important growth factors in SCs by disrupting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. However SelU attenuation did not induce apoptosis in rooster SCs. Taken together, we conclude that SelU is essential for the survival and normal functioning of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sattar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
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Qazi IH, Angel C, Yang H, Zoidis E, Pan B, Wu Z, Ming Z, Zeng CJ, Meng Q, Han H, Zhou G. Role of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Male Reproductive Function: A Review of Past and Present Evidences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E268. [PMID: 31382427 PMCID: PMC6719970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral having many essential roles at the cellular and organismal levels in animal and human health. The biological effects of Se are mainly carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by 25 genes in humans and 24 in mice). As an essential component of selenoproteins, Se performs structural and enzymic roles; in the latter context it is well known for its catalytic and antioxidative functions. Studies involving different animal models have added great value to our understanding regarding the potential implications of Se and selenoproteins in mammalian fertility and reproduction. In this review, we highlight the implications of selenoproteins in male fertility and reproduction followed by the characteristic biological functions of Se and selenoproteins associated with overall male reproductive function. It is evident from observations of past studies (both animal and human) that Se is essentially required for spermatogenesis and male fertility, presumably because of its vital role in modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and other essential biological pathways and redox sensitive transcription factors. However, bearing in mind the evidences from mainstream literature, it is also advisable to perform more studies focusing on the elucidation of additional roles played by the peculiar and canonical selenoproteins i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in the male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, search for the elucidation of additional putative mechanisms potentially modulated by other biologically relevant selenoproteins should also be included in the scope of future studies. However, as for the implication of Se in fertility and reproduction in men, though a few clinical trials explore the effects of Se supplementation on male fertility, due to inconsistencies in the recruitment of subjects and heterogeneity of designs, the comparison of such studies is still complicated and less clear. Therefore, further research focused on the roles of Se and selenoproteins is awaited for validating the evidences at hand and outlining any therapeutic schemes intended for improving male fertility. As such, new dimensions could be added to the subject of male fertility and Se supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand-67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand-67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Haoxuan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenzheng Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Ming
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chang-Jun Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Bhat IA, Ahmad I, Mir IN, Bhat RAH, P GB, Goswami M, J K S, Sharma R. Chitosan-eurycomanone nanoformulation acts on steroidogenesis pathway genes to increase the reproduction rate in fish. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:237-247. [PMID: 30253226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of eurycomanone, a major compound of Eurycoma longifolia plant in increasing the reproductive processes in the male fish model. Chitosan-nanoconjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles with a significant particle size [130 nm (CED1); 144.1 nm (CED2)] and stable zeta potentials (+49.1 mV and +30 mV) were synthesized and evaluated against naked eurycomanone (ED1 and ED2). In present study, short-term and long-term experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-formulation on expression of endocrine-related genes, circulating hormone concentrations (Follicle stimulating hormone, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH; progesterone, testosterone and 17-β estradiol) and reproductive capacity of male Clarias magur. In short-term experiment, the sampling of tissues was done on hourly basis after injection of eurycomanone either alone or with chitosan and long-term experiment was carried for 21 days and in this the injection was repeated after 7 days and 14 days. Treatments CED1 and CED2 showed controlled and sustained surge of the transcript level of selected genes (except aromatase) and serum hormones (except 17β-estradiol) compared to ED1 and ED2 groups. The transcript levels of aromatase and serum 17β-estradiol hormone showed the declining trend in the chitosan conjugated groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive capacity, intracellular calcium and selenium and cellular structure of testes were improved in CED1 and CED2 groups compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone was evaluated in primary testicular cells and an increase in the mRNA expression level of endocrine-related genes was detected. This is the first report of the use of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone and present study elucidates the molecular mechanism of eurycomanone in increasing the reproductive output in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ishfaq Nazir Mir
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat
- Fish Pathology discipline, ICAR-Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries, Rd to Vikas Bhawan, Block Road Area, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Gireesh-Babu P
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Sundaray J K
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
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Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Female Reproduction: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123053. [PMID: 30469536 PMCID: PMC6321086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that has several important functions in animal and human health. The biological functions of Se are carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by twenty-five genes in human and twenty-four in mice), which are reportedly present in all three domains of life. As a component of selenoproteins, Se has structural and enzymatic functions; in the latter context it is best recognized for its catalytic and antioxidant activities. In this review, we highlight the biological functions of Se and selenoproteins followed by an elaborated review of the relationship between Se and female reproductive function. Data pertaining to Se status and female fertility and reproduction are sparse, with most such studies focusing on the role of Se in pregnancy. Only recently has some light been shed on its potential role in ovarian physiology. The exact underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms through which Se or selenoproteins modulate female reproduction are largely unknown; their role in human pregnancy and related complications is not yet sufficiently understood. Properly powered, randomized, controlled trials (intervention vs. control) in populations of relatively low Se status will be essential to clarify their role. In the meantime, studies elucidating the potential effect of Se supplementation and selenoproteins (i.e., GPX1, SELENOP, and SELENOS) in ovarian function and overall female reproductive efficiency would be of great value.
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Branco V, Carvalho C. The thioredoxin system as a target for mercury compounds. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:129255. [PMID: 30447253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury interaction with selenium in vivo has been recognized for >50 years. Several researchers attempted to use selenium to mitigate the detrimental effects of mercurial compounds but the results were controversial. Selenium pools in living organisms are quite low and the high affinity of mercury to bind selenols pointed out selenoproteins as possible targets of toxicity. Such was the case of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) which is an integrant part of the thioredoxin system. Given the important role of this redox system for cellular functioning and the high affinity of mercury for TrxR's active site, this interaction can be key to understand the mechanism by which Hg causes cell death. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review discusses the current state of knowledge concerning the interaction between mercury compounds and the thioredoxin system, its implications for the development of toxicity and the effects of selenium co-exposure. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of toxicity of mercurials is a complex chain of events starting with inhibition of the selenoenzyme, TrxR. Selenium supplementation protects TrxR from the toxicity of inorganic forms of mercury (i.e., Hg(II)) to a certain extent, but not from methylmercury. When TrxR is inhibited, thioredoxin is reduced by alternative mechanisms involving glutathione and glutaredoxin and only when this pathway is hampered does cell death occur. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity and the mechanisms of enzymatic compensation allows the design of mitigation strategies and, since TxrR and Trx exist in the plasma, puts forward the possibility for future use of changes in activity/expression of these enzymes as biomarkers of mercury toxicity, thus refining the risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal.
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Ortega-Ferrusola C, Martin Muñoz P, Ortiz-Rodriguez JM, Anel-López L, Balao da Silva C, Álvarez M, de Paz P, Tapia JA, Anel L, Silva- Rodríguez A, Aitken RJ, Gil MC, Gibb Z, Peña FJ. Depletion of thiols leads to redox deregulation, production of 4-hydroxinonenal and sperm senescence: a possible role for GSH regulation in spermatozoa†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:1090-1107. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Martin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel-López
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Tapia
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Anel
- Reproduction and Obstetrics Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of León, Spain
| | - Antonio Silva- Rodríguez
- Facility of Innovation and Analysis in Animal Source Foodstuffs, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Robert J Aitken
- Facility of Innovation and Analysis in Animal Source Foodstuffs, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Cruz Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Center in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Miller CG, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ, Schmidt EE. NADPH-dependent and -independent disulfide reductase systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:248-261. [PMID: 29609022 PMCID: PMC6165701 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past seven decades, research on autotrophic and heterotrophic model organisms has defined how the flow of electrons ("reducing power") from high-energy inorganic sources, through biological systems, to low-energy inorganic products like water, powers all of Life's processes. Universally, an initial major biological recipient of these electrons is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-phosphate, which thereby transits from an oxidized state (NADP+) to a reduced state (NADPH). A portion of this reducing power is then distributed via the cellular NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase systems as sequential reductions of disulfide bonds. Along the disulfide reduction pathways, some enzymes have active sites that use the selenium-containing amino acid, selenocysteine, in place of the common but less reactive sulfur-containing cysteine. In particular, the mammalian/metazoan thioredoxin systems are usually selenium-dependent as, across metazoan phyla, most thioredoxin reductases are selenoproteins. Among the roles of the NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase systems, the most universal is that they provide the reducing power for the production of DNA precursors by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Some studies, however, have uncovered examples of NADPH-independent disulfide reductase systems that can also support RNR. These systems are summarized here and their implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Miller
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Avery JC, Hoffmann PR. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1203. [PMID: 30200430 PMCID: PMC6163284 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in development and a wide variety of physiological processes including effect immune responses. The immune system relies on adequate dietary selenium intake and this nutrient exerts its biological effects mostly through its incorporation into selenoproteins. The selenoproteome contains 25 members in humans that exhibit a wide variety of functions. The development of high-throughput omic approaches and novel bioinformatics tools has led to new insights regarding the effects of selenium and selenoproteins in human immuno-biology. Equally important are the innovative experimental systems that have emerged to interrogate molecular mechanisms underlying those effects. This review presents a summary of the current understanding of the role of selenium and selenoproteins in regulating immune cell functions and how dysregulation of these processes may lead to inflammation or immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Avery
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Betarelli RP, Rocco M, Yeste M, Fernández-Novell JM, Placci A, Azevedo Pereira B, Castillo-Martín M, Estrada E, Peña A, Zangeronimo MG, Rodríguez-Gil JE. The achievement of boar spermin vitrocapacitation is related to an increase of disrupted disulphide bonds and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Andrology 2018; 6:781-797. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Betarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - M. Rocco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food Science; University of Molise; Campobasso Italy
| | - M. Yeste
- Department of Biology; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm); Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - J. M. Fernández-Novell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Placci
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - B. Azevedo Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - M. Castillo-Martín
- Department of Biology; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm); Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - E. Estrada
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - A. Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - M. G. Zangeronimo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - J. E. Rodríguez-Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
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Biochemical and thermodynamic comparison of the selenocysteine containing and non-containing thioredoxin glutathione reductase of Fasciola gigantica. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Kuznetsova JP. Effect of Sodium Selenite on Gene Expression of SELF, SELW, and TGR Selenoproteins in Adenocarcinoma Cells of the Human Prostate. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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49
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50
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Brandstaedter C, Fritz‐Wolf K, Weder S, Fischer M, Hecker B, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Kinetic characterization of wild‐type and mutant human thioredoxin glutathione reductase defines its reaction and regulatory mechanisms. FEBS J 2017; 285:542-558. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brandstaedter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Karin Fritz‐Wolf
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stine Weder
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Marina Fischer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Beate Hecker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
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