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Bai Y, Wan X, Lei M, Wang L, Chen T. Research advances in mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation of Pteris vittata: Perspectives from plant physiology, molecular biology, and phylogeny. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132463. [PMID: 37690196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pteris vittata, as the firstly discovered arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator, has great application value in As-contaminated soil remediation. Currently, the genes involved in As hyperaccumulation in P. vittata have been mined continuously, while they have not been used in practice to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. Aiming to better assist the practice of phytoremediation, this review collects 130 studies to clarify the progress in research into the As hyperaccumulation process in P. vittata from multiple perspectives. Antioxidant defense, rhizosphere activities, vacuolar sequestration, and As efflux are important physiological activities involved in As hyperaccumulation in P. vittata. Among related 19 genes, PHT, TIP, ACR3, ACR2 and HAC family genes play essential roles in arsenate (AsⅤ) transport, arsenite (AsⅢ) transport, vacuole sequestration of AsⅢ, and the reduction of AsⅤ to AsⅢ, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated it is necessary to further explore genes that can bind to related ions, with transport activity, or with function of transmembrane transport. Phylogeny analysis results implied ACR2, HAC and ACR3 family genes with rapid evolutionary rate may be the decisive factors for P. vittata as an As hyperaccumulator. A deeper understanding of the As hyperaccumulation network and key gene components could provide useful tools for further bio-engineered phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Sun X, Kong T, Huang D, Chen Z, Kolton M, Yang J, Huang Y, Cao Y, Gao P, Yang N, Li B, Liu H, Sun W. Arsenic (As) oxidation by core endosphere microbiome mediates As speciation in Pteris vittata roots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131458. [PMID: 37099912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pteris vittata is an arsenic(As)-hyperaccumulator that may be employed in phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils. P. vittata-associated microbiome are adapted to elevated As and may be important for host survival under stresses. Although P. vittata root endophytes could be critical for As biotransformation in planta, their compositions and metabolisms remain elusive. The current study aims to characterize the root endophytic community composition and As-metabolizing potentials in P. vittata. High As(III) oxidase gene abundances and rapid As(III) oxidation activity indicated that As(III) oxidation was the dominant microbial As-biotransformation processes compared to As reduction and methylization in P. vittata roots. Members of Rhizobiales were the core microbiome and the dominant As(III) oxidizers in P. vittata roots. Acquasition of As-metabolising genes, including both As(III) oxidase and As(V) detoxification reductase genes, through horizontal gene transfer was identified in a Saccharimonadaceae genomic assembly, which was another abundant population residing in P. vittata roots. Acquisition of these genes might improve the fitness of Saccharimonadaceae population to elevated As concentrations in P. vittata. Diverse plant growth promoting traits were encoded by the core root microbiome populations Rhizobiales. We propose that microbial As(III) oxidation and plant growth promotion are critical traits for P. vittata survival in hostile As-contaiminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianle Kong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Duanyi Huang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Max Kolton
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jinchan Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Gao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nie Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baoqin Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Chen J, Rosen BP. Arsenite Methyltransferase Diversity and Optimization of Methylation Efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9754-9761. [PMID: 37327778 PMCID: PMC10669576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is methylated by arsenite (As(III)) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases (ArsMs). ArsM crystal structures show three domains (an N-terminal SAM binding domain (A domain), a central arsenic binding domain (B domain), and a C-terminal domain of unknown function (C domain)). In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of ArsMs and found a broad diversity in structural domains. The differences in the ArsM structure enable ArsMs to have a range of methylation efficiencies and substrate selectivities. Many small ArsMs with 240-300 amino acid residues have only A and B domains, represented by RpArsM from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. These small ArsMs have higher methylation activity than larger ArsMs with 320-400 residues such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CrArsM, which has A, B, and C domains. To examine the role of the C domain, the last 102 residues in CrArsM were deleted. This CrArsM truncation exhibited higher As(III) methylation activity than the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that the C-terminal domain has a role in modulating the rate of catalysis. In addition, the relationship of arsenite efflux systems and methylation was examined. Lower rates of efflux led to higher rates of methylation. Thus, the rate of methylation can be modulated in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Chen J, Galván AE, Nadar VS, Yoshinaga M, Rosen BP. An ArsRC fusion protein enhances arsenate sensing and detoxification. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1977-1987. [PMID: 35229439 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenical resistance (ars) operons encode genes for arsenic resistance and biotransformation. The majority are composed of individual genes, but fusion of ars genes is not uncommon, although it is not clear if the fused gene products are functional. Here we report identification of a four-gene ars operon from Paracoccus sp. SY that has two arsR-arsC gene fusions. ArsRC1 and ArsRC2 are related proteins that consist of an N-terminal ArsR arsenite (As(III))-responsive repressor with a C-terminal ArsC arsenate reductase. The other two genes in the operon are gapdh and arsJ. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, forms 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate (1As3PGA) from 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and arsenate (As(V)), ArsJ is an efflux permease for 1As3PGA that dissociates into extracellular As(V) and 3-phosphoglycerate. The net effect is As(V) extrusion and resistance. ArsRs are usually selective for As(III) and do not respond to As(V). However, the substrates and products of this operon are pentavalent, which would not be inducers of the operon. We propose that ArsRC fusions overcome this limitation by channelling the ArsC product into the ArsR binding site without diffusion through the cytosol, a de facto mechanism for As(V) induction. This novel mechanism for arsenate sensing can confer an evolutionary advantage for detoxification of inorganic arsenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Adriana E Galván
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Venkadesh Sarkarai Nadar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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5
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Kakeshpour T, Tamang TM, Motolai G, Fleming ZW, Park JE, Wu Q, Park S. CGFS-type glutaredoxin mutations reduce tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1263-1279. [PMID: 34392538 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sessile organisms such as plants have adopted diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms to mitigate damage under abiotic stress conditions. Though CGFS-type glutaredoxin (GRX) genes are important regulators of ROS homeostasis, each of their functions in crop plants have not yet been well understood. We performed a targeted mutagenesis analysis of four CGFS-type GRXs (SlGRXS14, SlGRXS15, SlGRXS16, and SlGRXS17) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) using a multiplex clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system and found that Slgrxs mutants were more sensitive to various abiotic stresses compared with the wild-type tomatoes. Slgrxs15 mutants were embryonic lethal. Single, double, and triple combinations of Slgrxs14, 16, and 17 mutants were examined under heat, chilling, drought, heavy metal toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and short photoperiod stresses. Slgrxs14 and 17 mutants showed hypersensitivity to almost all stresses while Slgrxs16 mutants were affected by chilling stress and showed milder sensitivity to other stresses. Additionally, Slgrxs14 and 17 mutants showed delayed flowering time. Our results indicate that the CGFS-type SlGRXs have specific roles against abiotic stresses, providing valuable resources to develop tomato and, possibly, other crop species that are tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Kakeshpour
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Tej Man Tamang
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Gergely Motolai
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Zachary Wayne Fleming
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Chen J, Zhang J, Wu YF, Zhao FJ, Rosen BP. ArsV and ArsW provide synergistic resistance to the antibiotic methylarsenite. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7550-7562. [PMID: 34676971 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toxic organoarsenicals enter the environment from biogenic and anthropogenic activities such as microbial methylation of inorganic arsenic and pentavalent herbicides such as monosodium methylarsenate (MSMA or MAs(V)). Trivalent MAs(III) is considerably more toxic than arsenite or arsenate. Microbes have evolved mechanisms to detoxify organoarsenicals. We previously identified ArsV, a flavin-linked monooxygenase and demonstrated that it confers resistance to methylarsenite by oxidation to methylarsenate. The arsV gene is usually in an arsenic resistance (ars) operon controlled by an ArsR repressor and adjacent to a methylarsenite efflux gene, either arsK or a gene for a putative transporter. Here we show that Paracoccus sp. SY oxidizes methylarsenite. It has an ars operon with three genes, arsR, arsV and a transport gene termed arsW. Heterologous expression of arsV in Escherichia coli conferred resistance to MAs(III), while arsW did not. Co-expression of arsV and arsW increased resistance compared with either alone. The cells oxidized methylarsenite and accumulated less methylarsenate. Everted membrane vesicles from E. coli cells expressing arsW-accumulated methylarsenate. We propose that ArsV is a monooxygenase that oxidizes methylarsenite to methylarsenate, which is extruded by ArsW, one of only a few known pentavalent organoarsenical efflux permeases, a novel pathway of organoarsenical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Institute of Environment Remediation and Human Health, and College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Escobar-Niño A, Sánchez-Barrionuevo L, Torres-Torres JM, Clemente R, Gutiérrez G, Mellado E, Cánovas D. An arsRB resistance operon confers tolerance to arsenite in the environmental isolate Terribacillus sp. AE2B 122. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6123713. [PMID: 33512483 PMCID: PMC8755942 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Terribacillus sp. AE2B 122 is an environmental strain isolated from olive-oil agroindustry wastes. This strain displays resistance to arsenic, one of the most ubiquitous carcinogens found in nature. Terribacillus sp. AE2B 122 possesses an unusual ars operon, consisting of the transcriptional regulator (arsR) and arsenite efflux pump (arsB) but no adjacent arsenate reductase (arsC) locus. Expression of arsR and arsB was induced when Terribacillus was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of arsenate. Heterologous expression of the arsB homologue in Escherichia coli∆arsRBC demonstrated that it conferred resistance to arsenite and reduced the accumulation of arsenic inside the cells. Two members of the arsC-like family (Te3384 and Te2854) found in the Terribacillus genome were not induced by arsenic, but their heterologous expression in E. coli ∆arsC and ∆arsRBC increased the accumulation of arsenic in both strains. We found that both Te3384 and Te2854 slightly increased resistance to arsenate in E. coli ∆arsC and ∆arsRBC, possibly by chelation of arsenic or by increasing the resistance to oxidative stress. Finally, arsenic speciation assays suggest that Terribacillus is incapable of arsenate reduction, in agreement with the lack of an arsC homologue in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Escobar-Niño
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Leyre Sánchez-Barrionuevo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Clemente
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Encarnación Mellado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - David Cánovas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, 41012, Spain
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Kumar A, Dubey AK, Kumar V, Ansari MA, Narayan S, Kumar S, Pandey V, Shirke PA, Pande V, Sanyal I. Overexpression of rice glutaredoxin genes LOC_Os02g40500 and LOC_Os01g27140 regulate plant responses to drought stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110721. [PMID: 32464438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small (10-15 kDa) glutathione (GSH) - dependent redox proteins. The role of Grxs are well documented in tolerance to heavy metal stress in prokaryotic and mammalian systems and a few plant genera, but is poorly understood in plants against drought. In the present study, two rice glutaredoxin (Osgrx) genes (LOC_Os02g40500 and LOC_Os01g27140) responsible for tolerance against heavy metal stress have been studied for investigating their role against drought. Each glutaredoxin gene was over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to reveal their role in drought stress. The relative expression of both Osgrx genes was higher in the transgenic lines. Transgenic lines of both Osgrxs showed longer roots, higher seed germination, and survival efficiency during drought stress. The physiological parameters (PN, gs, E, WUE, qP, NPQ and ETR), antioxidant enzymes (GRX, GR, GPX, GST, APX, POD, SOD, CAT, DHAR, and MDHAR), antioxidant molecules (ascorbate and GSH) and stress-responsive amino acids (cysteine and proline) levels were additionally increased in transgenic lines of both Osgrxs to provide drought tolerance. The outcomes from this study strongly determined that each Osgrx gene participated in the moderation of drought and might be utilized in biological engineering strategies to overcome drought conditions in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Akram Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pramod Arvind Shirke
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang Y, Lv K, Shi C, Li Y, Chen X, Cheng J, Fang X, Yu X. Variation in arsenic accumulation and translocation among 74 main rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26249-26261. [PMID: 32361969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous carcinogen and environmental toxin. In China, rice consumption is a major dietary source of inorganic As. Thus, the development of strategies to decrease As accumulation in rice is of considerable importance. In this study, we investigated variation in As accumulation and translocation among 74 hydroponically grown rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province, China. We also examined the relationships between As accumulation and translocation, and the uptake of elements such as silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Our results showed 3.43-, 2.7-, and 6.34-fold variations in shoot As concentration, root As concentration, and root-to-shoot As translocation factors (TFs), respectively, among 74 cultivars, indicating that cultivar genotype significantly affected As accumulation and translocation. Redundancy analysis revealed that As uptake and transport were more closely related to P and Mn uptake than to Si and Fe uptake, for all 74 rice genotypes. In addition, the 20 cultivars that accumulated the least shoot As (low-As), and those that accumulated the most shoot As (high-As), exhibited different strategies in response to As exposure. The As TFs were key factors influencing shoot As concentrations in high-As cultivars, but this was not the case in low-As cultivars. In the latter, more accumulated As were sequestered in roots, which restricted As translocation to shoots, thus leading to lower shoot As concentrations. In addition, the shoot As concentrations of various rice cultivars and their parents differed. The low-As rice cultivar YJ2 exhibited a significantly lower shoot As concentration than its parents, suggesting that it is possible to breed low-As rice cultivars from parents that also exhibit low-As characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Kang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chengqiao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Youqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xianwen Fang
- National Crop Germplasm Resources Infrastructure (Jiangsu), Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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10
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Kumar A, Dubey AK, Kumar V, Ansari MA, Narayan S, Kumar S, Pandey V, Shirke PA, Pande V, Sanyal I. Over-expression of chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) provides tolerance to heavy metals by reducing metal accumulation and improved physiological and antioxidant defence system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110252. [PMID: 32014725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small multifunctional redox proteins. Grxs have glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH. The role of Grxs is well studied in heavy metal tolerance in prokaryotic and mammalian systems but not in plant genera. In the present study, a chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) gene (LOC101493651) has been investigated against metal stress based on its primary screening in chickpea which revealed higher up-regulation of CaGrx gene under various heavy metals (AsIII-25 μM, AsV-250 μM, Cr(VI)-300 μM, and Cd-500 μM) stress. This CaGrx gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and investigated various biochemical and physiological performances under each metal stress. Transgenic plants showed significant up-regulation of the CaGrx gene during qRT-PCR analysis as well as longer roots, higher seed germination, and survival efficiency during each metal stress. The levels of stress markers, TBARS, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage were found to be less in transgenic lines as compared to WT revealed less toxicity in transgenics. The total accumulation of AsIII, AsV, and Cr(VI) were significantly reduced in all transgenic lines except Cd, which was slightly reduced. The physiological parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR), were maintained in transgenic lines during metal stress. Various antioxidant enzymes such as glutaredoxin (GRX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, GSH) and stress-responsive amino acids (proline and cysteine) levels were significantly increased in transgenic lines which provide metal tolerance. The outcome of this study strongly indicates that the CaGrx gene participates in the moderation of metal stress in Arabidopsis, which can be utilized in biotechnological interventions to overcome heavy metal stress conditions in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Akram Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pramod Arvind Shirke
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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11
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Zhang X, Chen J, Liu X, Gao M, Chen X, Huang C. Nickel uptake and distribution in Agropyron cristatum L. in the presence of pyrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:370-376. [PMID: 30849657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PAHs affect the uptake of heavy metal by plants. The uptake pathway, distribution and detoxification of nickel (Ni) in Agropyron cristatum L. (A. cristatum) were investigated in the presence of pyrene in this study. Most of Ni was adsorbed on the cell wall in the insoluble phosphate (57.31-72.18%) form and pectate and protein integrated (38.27-38.98%) form. Ni was transferred to the organelle (from 37.84% to 40.52%) in the presence of pyrene. The concentration of Ni in A. cristatum decreased by 27.42%; it was affected by the ATP production inhibitor and 29.49% by the P-type ATPase inhibitor. The results indicated that the uptake of Ni related closely to the synthesis and decomposition of ATP and was an active uptake process. Contents of phytochelatins (PCs) in A. cristatum in Ni contaminated soils increased by 19.97%, and an additional 4.13% increase occurred in the presence of pyrene when compared to single Ni contamination. The content of malic acid in A. cristatum was the highest for 262.78 mg g-1 in shoots and 46.81 mg g-1 in roots with Ni contamination. Besides, acetic acid in shoots and roots increased by 40.25% and 102.63% with Ni contamination, and by 61.59% and 185.71% with Ni-pyrene co-contamination. This study preliminarily explored the inhibitory mechanism of pyrene on plant uptake of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Mingjing Gao
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Mukherjee G, Saha C, Naskar N, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee A, Lahiri S, Majumder AL, Seal A. An Endophytic Bacterial Consortium modulates multiple strategies to improve Arsenic Phytoremediation Efficacy in Solanum nigrum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6979. [PMID: 29725058 PMCID: PMC5934359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microbes isolated from plants growing in contaminated habitats possess specialized properties that help their host detoxify the contaminant/s. The possibility of using microbe-assisted phytoremediation for the clean-up of Arsenic (As) contaminated soils of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta of India, was explored using As-tolerant endophytic microbes from an As-tolerant plant Lantana camara collected from the contaminated site and an intermediate As-accumulator plant Solanum nigrum. Endophytes from L. camara established within S. nigrum as a surrogate host. The microbes most effectively improved plant growth besides increasing bioaccumulation and root-to-shoot transport of As when applied as a consortium. Better phosphate nutrition, photosynthetic performance, and elevated glutathione levels were observed in consortium-treated plants particularly under As-stress. The consortium maintained heightened ROS levels in the plant without any deleterious effect and concomitantly boosted distinct antioxidant defense mechanisms in the shoot and root of As-treated plants. Increased consortium-mediated As(V) to As(III) conversion appeared to be a crucial step in As-detoxification/translocation. Four aquaporins were differentially regulated by the endophytes and/or As. The most interesting finding was the strong upregulation of an MRP transporter in the root by the As + endophytes, which suggested a major alteration of As-detoxification/accumulation pattern upon endophyte treatment that improved As-phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gairik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Chinmay Saha
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute Of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Room No. 9A, 4th Floor, Ronald Ross Building, 244, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector - 1, Block - AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector - 1, Block - AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Arun Lahiri Majumder
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Anindita Seal
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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13
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Anderson C, Cunha L, Sechi P, Kille P, Spurgeon D. Genetic variation in populations of the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus, across contaminated mine sites. BMC Genet 2017; 18:97. [PMID: 29149838 PMCID: PMC5693503 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations of the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus, are commonly found across highly contaminated former mine sites and are considered to have under-gone selection for mitigating metal toxicity. Comparison of adapted populations with those found on less contaminated soils can provide insights into ecological processes that demonstrate the long-term effects of soil contamination. Contemporary sequencing methods allow for portrayal of demographic inferences and highlight genetic variation indicative of selection at specific genes. Furthermore, the occurrence of L. rubellus lineages across the UK allows for inferences of mechanisms associated with drivers of speciation and local adaptation. RESULTS Using RADseq, we were able to define population structure between the two lineages through the use of draft genomes for each, demonstrating an absence of admixture between lineages and that populations over extensive geographic distances form discrete populations. Between the two British lineages, we were able to provide evidence for selection near to genes associated with epigenetic and morphological functions, as well as near a gene encoding a pheromone. Earthworms inhabiting highly contaminated soils bare close genomic resemblance to those from proximal control soils. We were able to define a number of SNPs that largely segregate populations and are indicative of genes that are likely under selection for managing metal toxicity. This includes calcium and phosphate-handling mechanisms linked to lead and arsenic contaminants, respectively, while we also observed evidence for glutathione-related mechanisms, including metallothionein, across multiple populations. Population genomic end points demonstrate no consistent reduction in nucleotide diversity, or increase in inbreeding coefficient, relative to history of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Though we can clearly define lineage membership using genomic markers, as well as population structure between geographic localities, it is difficult to resolve markers that segregate entirely between populations in response to soil metal concentrations. This may represent a highly variable series of traits in response to the heterogenous nature of the soil environment, but ultimately demonstrates the maintenance of lineage-specific genetic variation among local populations. L. rubellus appears to provide an exemplary system for exploring drivers for speciation, with a continuum of lineages coexisting across continental Europe, while distinct lineages exist in isolation throughout the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Anderson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Main Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - Luis Cunha
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Main Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
- Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira km. 111, Colombo, PR 83411-000 Brazil
| | - Pierfrancesco Sechi
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Main Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Main Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB UK
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Ge Y. Bioaccumulation kinetics of arsenite and arsenate in Dunaliella salina under different phosphate regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21213-21221. [PMID: 28733823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a potential candidate for the phycoremediation of saline water contaminated with arsenic (As) due to its strong tolerance of salt and this toxic metalloid. However, the efficiency of As removal by this microalga varies under different phosphate regimes and the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Therefore, more detailed studies are needed to optimize As remediation using D. salina. Here, we investigated the dynamic processes of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) uptake, transformation, and excretion by D. salina under phosphate-deficient (-P) and phosphate-enriched (+P) conditions through short-term and long-term uptake experiments. In the short-term uptake experiment, the absorption of As(III) or As(V) by D. salina was significantly suppressed by an increased phosphate supply. The V max values for As(III) and As(V) decreased by 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, under +P conditions, although the Michaelis constants (K m ) were similar irrespective of the phosphate supply. Long-term uptake experiments also revealed enhanced As(III)/As(V) absorption and efflux rates and As(V) reduction by D. salina under -P conditions. This study quantified the kinetic processes of As metabolism in D. salina. More importantly, the results imply that the optimal As remediation by this microalga may be achieved by regulating the phosphate level in the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanheng Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Ge
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Han YH, Liu X, Rathinasabapathi B, Li HB, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Mechanisms of efficient As solubilization in soils and As accumulation by As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:569-577. [PMID: 28501771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) in soils is of major environmental concern due to its ubiquity and carcinogenicity. Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern) is the first known As-hyperaccumulator, which is highly efficient in extracting As from soils and translocating it to the fronds, making it possible to be used for phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils. In addition, P. vittata has served as a model plant to study As metabolisms in plants. Based on the recent advances, we reviewed the mechanisms of efficient As solubilization and transformation in rhizosphere soils of P. vittata and effective As uptake, translocation and detoxification in P. vittata. We also provided future research perspectives to further improve As phytoremediation by P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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16
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Chen Y, Han YH, Cao Y, Zhu YG, Rathinasabapathi B, Ma LQ. Arsenic Transport in Rice and Biological Solutions to Reduce Arsenic Risk from Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:268. [PMID: 28298917 PMCID: PMC5331031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds ∼3 billion people. Due to the wide occurrence of arsenic (As) pollution in paddy soils and its efficient plant uptake, As in rice grains presents health risks. Genetic manipulation may offer an effective approach to reduce As accumulation in rice grains. The genetics of As uptake and metabolism have been elucidated and target genes have been identified for genetic engineering to reduce As accumulation in grains. Key processes controlling As in grains include As uptake, arsenite (AsIII) efflux, arsenate (AsV) reduction and AsIII sequestration, and As methylation and volatilization. Recent advances, including characterization of AsV uptake transporter OsPT8, AsV reductase OsHAC1;1 and OsHAC1;2, rice glutaredoxins, and rice ABC transporter OsABCC1, make many possibilities to develop low-arsenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong-He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, USA
- *Correspondence: Lena Q. Ma, Bala Rathinasabapathi,
| | - Lena Q. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, USA
- *Correspondence: Lena Q. Ma, Bala Rathinasabapathi,
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17
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Verma PK, Verma S, Meher AK, Pande V, Mallick S, Bansiwal AK, Tripathi RD, Dhankher OP, Chakrabarty D. Overexpression of rice glutaredoxins (OsGrxs) significantly reduces arsenite accumulation by maintaining glutathione pool and modulating aquaporins in yeast. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:208-17. [PMID: 27174139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an acute poison and class I carcinogen, can cause a serious health risk. Staple crops like rice are the primary source of As contamination in human food. Rice grown on As contaminated areas accumulates higher As in their edible parts. Based on our previous transcriptome data, two rice glutaredoxins (OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1) were identified that showed up-regulated expression during As stress. Here, we report OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 from rice involved in the regulation of intracellular arsenite (AsIII). To elucidate the mechanism of OsGrx mediated As tolerance, both OsGrxs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (Δars) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains (Δycf1, Δacr3). The expression of OsGrxs increased As tolerance in E. coli (Δars) mutant strain (up to 4 mM AsV and up to 0.6 mM AsIII). During AsIII exposure, S. cerevisiae (Δacr3) harboring OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 have lower intracellular AsIII accumulation (up to 30.43% and 24.90%, respectively), compared to vector control. Arsenic accumulation in As-sensitive S. cerevisiae mutant (Δycf1) also reduced significantly on exposure to inorganic As. The expression of OsGrxs in yeast maintained intracellular GSH pool and increased extracellular GSH concentration. Purified OsGrxs displays in vitro GSH-disulfide oxidoreductase, glutathione reductase and arsenate reductase activities. Also, both OsGrxs are involved in AsIII extrusion by altering the Fps1 transcripts in yeast and protect the cell by maintaining cellular GSH pool. Thus, our results strongly suggest that OsGrxs play a crucial role in the maintenance of the intracellular GSH pool and redox status of the cell during both AsV and AsIII stress and might be involved in regulating intracellular AsIII levels by modulation of aquaporin expression and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, India
| | - Shikha Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, India
| | - Alok Kumar Meher
- Environmental Material Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India
| | - Amit Kumar Bansiwal
- Environmental Material Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India.
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18
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Liao X, Ma X, Yan X, Lin L, Shi P, Wu Z. Transportation and localization of phenanthrene and its interaction with different species of arsenic in Pteris vittata L. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:307-314. [PMID: 27023118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between arsenic (As) and phenanthrene (PHE) in Pteris vittata L. was investigated in this study. The migration and occurrence of PHE in P. vittata were determined by two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy. Data indicated that PHE supplementation lowers the As concentration in P. vittata, decreasing As levels by 16.8-39.9% in the pinnae, 30.0-49.0% in the rachis, and 45-51.5% in the roots, respectively. Different arsenic species inhibited P. vittata PHE absorption. The most significant effect was observed using dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), which decreased PHE accumulation by 20.73%. With the exception of elevated As(V) concentrations in As(III)-treated plants, PHE treatment significantly reduced inorganic As concentrations in P. vittata. However, PHE elevated root DMA concentrations by 9%. According to in situ visualization, PHE is primarily found in the upper and lower epidermis and stomatal cells, particularly the stomata guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Longyong Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Peili Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zeying Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, PR China
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19
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Chen J, Yoshinaga M, Garbinski LD, Rosen BP. Synergistic interaction of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ArsJ, a novel organoarsenical efflux permease, confers arsenate resistance. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:945-53. [PMID: 26991003 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biotransformations are major contributors to the arsenic biogeocycle. In parallel with transformations of inorganic arsenic, organoarsenicals pathways have recently been recognized as important components of global cycling of arsenic. The well-characterized pathway of resistance to arsenate is reduction coupled to arsenite efflux. Here, we describe a new pathway of arsenate resistance involving biosynthesis and extrusion of an unusual pentavalent organoarsenical. A number of arsenic resistance (ars) operons have two genes of unknown function that are linked in these operons. One, gapdh, encodes the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The other, arsJ, encodes a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) protein. The two genes were cloned from the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When expressed together, but not alone, in Escherichia coli, gapdh and arsJ specifically conferred resistance to arsenate and decreased accumulation of As(V). Everted membrane vesicles from cells expressing arsJ accumulated As(V) in the presence of purified GAPDH, D-glceraldehylde 3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD(+) . GAPDH forms the unstable organoarsenical 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate (1As3PGA). We propose that ArsJ is an efflux permease that extrudes 1As3PGA from cells, where it rapidly dissociates into As(V) and 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA), creating a novel pathway of arsenate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Luis D Garbinski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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20
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Dubey AK, Kumar N, Sahu N, Verma PK, Chakrabarty D, Behera SK, Mallick S. Response of two rice cultivars differing in their sensitivity towards arsenic, differs in their expression of glutaredoxin and glutathione S transferase genes and antioxidant usage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:393-405. [PMID: 26606179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Embodied study investigates the role of GRX and associated antioxidant enzymes in the detoxification mechanism between arsenic (As) sensitive (Usar-3) and tolerant cultivar (Pant Dhan 11) of Oryza sativa against As(III) and As(V), under GSH enriched, and GSH deprived conditions. The overall growth and physiological parameters in sensitive cultivar were lower than the tolerant cultivar, against various treatments of As(III) and As(V). The As accumulation in sensitive cv. against both As(III) and As(V) was lower than the corresponding treatments in tolerant cv. However, the As translocation against As(V) was lower (35% and 64%, resp.) than that of As(III), in both the cultivars. In sensitive cv. translocation of Zn and Cu was influenced by both As(V) and As(III) whereas, in tolerant cv. the translocation of Cu, Mn and Zn was influenced only by As(III). Translocation of Fe was negatively influenced by translocation of As in sensitive cv. and positively in tolerant cv. Strong correlation between H2O2, SOD, GRX, GR, GST and GSH/GSSG in sensitive cv. and between DHAR, APX, MDHAR and AsA in tolerant cv. demonstrates the underlying preference of GSH as electron donor for detoxification of H2O2 in sensitive cv. and AsA in tolerant cv. Higher expression of the four GRX and two GST genes in the sensitive cv. than tolerant cv, suggests that under As stress, GRX are synthesized more in the sensitive cv. than tolerant cv. Also, the expression of four GRX genes were higher against As(V) than As(III). The higher As accumulation in the tolerant cv. is due to lower GST expression, is attributed to the absence of thiolation and sequestration of As in roots, the translocation of As to shoots is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Nayan Sahu
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Soumit K Behera
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
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21
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Verma PK, Verma S, Pande V, Mallick S, Deo Tripathi R, Dhankher OP, Chakrabarty D. Overexpression of Rice Glutaredoxin OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 Reduces Intracellular Arsenic Accumulation and Increases Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:740. [PMID: 27313586 PMCID: PMC4887470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are a family of small multifunctional proteins involved in various cellular functions, including redox regulation and protection under oxidative stress. Despite the high number of Grx genes in plant genomes (48 Grxs in rice), the biological functions and physiological roles of most of them remain unknown. Here, the functional characterization of the two arsenic-responsive rice Grx family proteins, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 are reported. Over-expression of OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana conferred arsenic (As) tolerance as reflected by germination, root growth assay, and whole plant growth. Also, the transgenic expression of OsGrxs displayed significantly reduced As accumulation in A. thaliana seeds and shoot tissues compared to WT plants during both AsIII and AsV stress. Thus, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 seem to be an important determinant of As-stress response in plants. OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 transgenic showed to maintain intracellular GSH pool and involved in lowering AsIII accumulation either by extrusion or reducing uptake by altering the transcript of A. thaliana AtNIPs. Overall, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 may represent a Grx family protein involved in As stress response and may allow a better understanding of the As induced stress pathways and the design of strategies for the improvement of stress tolerance as well as decreased As content in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K. Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Shikha Verma
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Om P. Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of MassachusettsAmherst, Massachusetts
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Chakrabarty,
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22
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He Z, Yan H, Chen Y, Shen H, Xu W, Zhang H, Shi L, Zhu YG, Ma M. An aquaporin PvTIP4;1 from Pteris vittata may mediate arsenite uptake. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:746-61. [PMID: 26372374 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The fern Pteris vittata is an arsenic hyperaccumulator. The genes involved in arsenite (As(III)) transport are not yet clear. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new P. vittata aquaporin gene, PvTIP4;1, which may mediate As(III) uptake. PvTIP4;1 was identified from yeast functional complement cDNA library of P. vittata. Arsenic toxicity and accumulating activities of PvTIP4;1 were analyzed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization of PvTIP4;1-GFP fusion protein in P. vittata protoplast and callus was conducted. The tissue expression of PvTIP4;1 was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Site-directed mutagenesis of the PvTIP4;1 aromatic/arginine (Ar/R) domain was studied. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrates that PvTIP4;1 was able to facilitate As(III) diffusion. Transgenic Arabidopsis showed that PvTIP4;1 increases arsenic accumulation and induces arsenic sensitivity. Images and FM4-64 staining suggest that PvTIP4;1 localizes to the plasma membrane in P. vittata cells. A tissue location study shows that PvTIP4;1 transcripts are mainly expressed in roots. Site-directed mutation in yeast further proved that the cysteine at the LE1 position of PvTIP4;1 Ar/R domain is a functional site. PvTIP4;1 is a new represented tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) aquaporin from P. vittata and the function and location results imply that PvTIP4;1 may be involved in As(III) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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23
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Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Arsenic contamination, consequences and remediation techniques: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:247-70. [PMID: 25463877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to low or high concentrations of arsenic (As), either due to the direct consumption of As contaminated drinking water, or indirectly through daily intake of As contaminated food may be fatal to the human health. Arsenic contamination in drinking water threatens more than 150 millions peoples all over the world. Around 110 millions of those peoples live in 10 countries in South and South-East Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam. Therefore, treatment of As contaminated water and soil could be the only effective option to minimize the health hazard. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this paper to review As contamination, its effect on human health and various conventional and advance technologies which are being used for the removal of As from soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Korea 497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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24
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Roy M, Giri AK, Dutta S, Mukherjee P. Integrated phytobial remediation for sustainable management of arsenic in soil and water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:180-98. [PMID: 25481297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), cited as the most hazardous substance by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 2005), is an ubiquitous metalloid which when ingested for prolonged periods cause extensive health effects leading to ultimate untimely death. Plants and microbes can help mitigate soil and groundwater As problem since they have evolved elaborate detoxification machineries against this toxic metalloid as a result of their coexistence with this since the origin of life on earth. Utilization of the phytoremediation and bioremediation potential of the plants and microbes, respectively, is now regarded as two innovative tools that encompass biology, geology, biotechnology and allied sciences with cutting edge applications for sustainable mitigation of As epidemic. Discovery of As hyperaccumulating plants that uptake and concentrate large amounts of this toxic metalloid in their shoots or roots offered new hope to As phytoremediation, solar power based nature's own green remediation. This review focuses on how phytoremediation and bioremediation can be merged together to form an integrated phytobial remediation which could synergistically achieve the goal of large scale removal of As from soil, sediment and groundwater and overcome the drawbacks of the either processes alone. The review also points to the feasibility of the introduction of transgenic plants and microbes that bring new hope for more efficient treatment of As. The review identifies one critical research gap on the importance of remediation of As contaminated groundwater not only for drinking purpose but also for irrigation purpose and stresses that more research should be conducted on the use of constructed wetland, one of the most suitable areas of application of phytobial remediation. Finally the review has narrowed down on different phytoinvestigation and phytodisposal methods, which constitute the most essential and the most difficult part of pilot scale and field scale applications of phytoremediation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Roy
- Techno India University, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Techno India University, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
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25
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Chao DY, Chen Y, Chen J, Shi S, Chen Z, Wang C, Danku JM, Zhao FJ, Salt DE. Genome-wide association mapping identifies a new arsenate reductase enzyme critical for limiting arsenic accumulation in plants. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1002009. [PMID: 25464340 PMCID: PMC4251824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen, and its ingestion through foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health. Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite. Using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to identify the arsenate reductase required for this reduction, which we named High Arsenic Content 1 (HAC1). Complementation verified the identity of HAC1, and expression in Escherichia coli lacking a functional arsenate reductase confirmed the arsenate reductase activity of HAC1. The HAC1 protein accumulates in the epidermis, the outer cell layer of the root, and also in the pericycle cells surrounding the central vascular tissue. Plants lacking HAC1 lose their ability to efflux arsenite from roots, leading to both increased transport of arsenic into the central vascular tissue and on into the shoot. HAC1 therefore functions to reduce arsenate to arsenite in the outer cell layer of the root, facilitating efflux of arsenic as arsenite back into the soil to limit both its accumulation in the root and transport to the shoot. Arsenate reduction by HAC1 in the pericycle may play a role in limiting arsenic loading into the xylem. Loss of HAC1-encoded arsenic reduction leads to a significant increase in arsenic accumulation in shoots, causing an increased sensitivity to arsenate toxicity. We also confirmed the previous observation that the ACR2 arsenate reductase in A. thaliana plays no detectable role in arsenic metabolism. Furthermore, ACR2 does not interact epistatically with HAC1, since arsenic metabolism in the acr2 hac1 double mutant is disrupted in an identical manner to that described for the hac1 single mutant. Our identification of HAC1 and its associated natural variation provides an important new resource for the development of low arsenic-containing food such as rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
| | - Yi Chen
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jiugeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - John M. Danku
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
| | - David E. Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DYC); (FJZ); (DES)
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26
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Li S. Redox Modulation Matters: Emerging Functions for Glutaredoxins in Plant Development and Stress Responses. PLANTS 2014; 3:559-82. [PMID: 27135520 PMCID: PMC4844277 DOI: 10.3390/plants3040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small ubiquitous glutathione (GSH)-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the reversible reduction of protein disulfide bridges or protein-GSH mixed disulfide bonds via a dithiol or monothiol mechanism, respectively. Three major classes of GRXs, with the CPYC-type, the CGFS-type or the CC-type active site, have been identified in many plant species. In spite of the well-characterized roles for GRXs in Escherichia coli, yeast and humans, the biological functions of plant GRXs have been largely enigmatic. The CPYC-type and CGFS-type GRXs exist in all organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, whereas the CC-type class has thus far been solely identified in land plants. Only the number of the CC-type GRXs has enlarged dramatically during the evolution of land plants, suggesting their participation in the formation of more complex plants adapted to life on land. A growing body of evidence indicates that plant GRXs are involved in numerous cellular pathways. In this review, emphasis is placed on the recently emerging functions for GRXs in floral organ development and disease resistance. Notably, CC-type GRXs have been recruited to participate in these two seemingly unrelated processes. Besides, the current knowledge of plant GRXs in the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters, oxidative stress responses and arsenic resistance is also presented. As GRXs require GSH as an electron donor to reduce their target proteins, GSH-related developmental processes, including the control of flowering time and the development of postembryonic roots and shoots, are further discussed. Profiling the thiol redox proteome using high-throughput proteomic approaches and measuring cellular redox changes with fluorescent redox biosensors will help to further unravel the redox-regulated physiological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Li
- Department of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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27
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Danh LT, Truong P, Mammucari R, Foster N. A critical review of the arsenic uptake mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of Pteris vittata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:429-53. [PMID: 24912227 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.798613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the arsenic hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern), has contributed to the promotion of its application as a means of phytoremediation for arsenic removal from contaminated soils and water. Understanding the mechanisms involved in arsenic tolerance and accumulation of this plant provides valuable tools to improve the phytoremediation efficiency. In this review, the current knowledge about the physiological and molecular mechanisms of arsenic tolerance and accumulation in P. vittata is summarized, and an attempt has been made to clarify some of the unresolved questions related to these mechanisms. In addition, the capacity of P. vittata for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils is evaluated under field conditions for the first time, and possible solutions to improve the remediation capacity of Pteris vittata are also discussed.
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28
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Structural insights into the N-terminal GIY-YIG endonuclease activity of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin AtGRXS16 in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9565-70. [PMID: 23690600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306899110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) have been identified across taxa as important mediators in various physiological functions. A chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin, AtGRXS16 from Arabidopsis thaliana, comprises two distinct functional domains, an N-terminal domain (NTD) with GlyIleTyr-TyrIleGly (GIY-YIG) endonuclease motif and a C-terminal Grx module, to coordinate redox regulation and DNA cleavage in chloroplasts. Structural determination of AtGRXS16-NTD showed that it possesses a GIY-YIG endonuclease fold, but the critical residues for the nuclease activity are different from typical GIY-YIG endonucleases. AtGRXS16-NTD was able to cleave λDNA and chloroplast genomic DNA, and the nuclease activity was significantly reduced in AtGRXS16. Functional analysis indicated that AtGRXS16-NTD could inhibit the ability of AtGRXS16 to suppress the sensitivity of yeast grx5 cells to oxidative stress; however, the C-terminal Grx domain itself and AtGRXS16 with a Cys123Ser mutation were active in these cells and able to functionally complement a Grx5 deficiency in yeast. Furthermore, the two functional domains were shown to be negatively regulated through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. These findings unravel a manner of regulation for Grxs and provide insights into the mechanistic link between redox regulation and DNA metabolism in chloroplasts.
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29
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Lin CY, Trinh NN, Lin CW, Huang HJ. Transcriptome analysis of phytohormone, transporters and signaling pathways in response to vanadium stress in rice roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 66:98-104. [PMID: 23500712 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Trace concentrations of vanadium (V) have several benefits for plant growth, but high concentrations are toxic. To help characterize the cellular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of V in plants, we present the first large-scale analysis of rice root responding to V during the early stages (1 and 3 h) of toxicity. Exposure to V triggered changes in the transcript levels of several genes related to cellular metabolic process, response to stimulus and transporters. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulated levels of genes associated with signaling and biosynthesis of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in V-treated rice roots. In addition, V upregulated the expression of ATP-dependent GSH-conjugated transport, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and markedly downregulated of the expression of divalent cation transporters, drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) and zinc-iron permease (ZIP). Among the V-specific responsive transcription factors and protein kinases, the most predominant families were NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC) transcription factor, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase VII (RLCK-VII) and leucine-rich repeat kinase VIII (LRR-VIII). These microarray data provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of the rice roots response to V toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Dave R, Singh PK, Tripathi P, Shri M, Dixit G, Dwivedi S, Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK, Sharma YK, Dhankher OP, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, Tripathi RD. Arsenite tolerance is related to proportional thiolic metabolite synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:235-42. [PMID: 23138651 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thiol metabolism is the primary detoxification strategy by which rice plants tolerate arsenic (As) stress. In light of this, it is important to understand the importance of harmonised thiol metabolism with As accumulation and tolerance in rice plant. For this aim, tolerant (T) and sensitive (S) genotypes were screened from 303 rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes on exposure to 10 and 25 μM arsenite (As(III)) in hydroponic culture. On further As accumulation estimation, contrasting (13-fold difference) T (IC-340072) and S (IC-115730) genotypes were selected. This difference was further evaluated using biochemical and molecular approaches to understand involvement of thiolic metabolism vis-a-vis As accumulation in these two genotypes. Various phytochelatin (PC) species (PC(2), PC(3) and PC(4)) were detected in both the genotypes with a dominance of PC(3). However, PC concentrations were greater in the S genotype, and it was noticed that the total PC (PC(2) + PC(3 )+ PC(4))-to-As(III) molar ratio (PC-SH:As(III)) was greater in T (2.35 and 1.36 in shoots and roots, respectively) than in the S genotype (0.90 and 0.15 in shoots and roots, respectively). Expression analysis of several metal(loid) stress-related genes showed significant upregulation of glutaredoxin, sulphate transporter, and ascorbate peroxidase in the S genotype. Furthermore, enzyme activity of phytochelatin synthase and cysteine synthase was greater on As accumulation in the S compared with the T genotype. It was concluded that the T genotype synthesizes adequate thiols to detoxify metalloid load, whereas the S genotype synthesizes greater but inadequate levels of thiols to tolerate an exceedingly greater load of metalloids, as evidenced by thiol-to-metalloid molar ratios, and therefore shows a phytotoxicity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Dave
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
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Gupta DK, Inouhe M, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM. Oxidative stress and arsenic toxicity: role of NADPH oxidases. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1987-1996. [PMID: 23266413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of arsenic (25 and 50 μM As for 1 and 5d) was analysed in wild type (WT) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh plants deficient in NADPH oxidase C (AtrbohC). The content of H(2)O(2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with the As concentration, while the opposite effect was found for NO in WT and AtrbohC plants. The As treatment reduced catalase and increased glutathione reductase activities to the same extent in WT and AtrbohC plants, although the induction of all SOD isoforms (mainly CuZn-SODs) was observed in WT plants, the opposite effects being found in AtrbohC plants. Glycolate oxidase (H(2)O(2) producers) considerably increased with the concentration and time of treatment with As in WT and AtrbohC mutants. Arsenic induced the uptake and translocation of P, S, Cu, Zn, and Fe in WT plants, while in AtrbohC plants the opposite trend was noted and the uptake of As became considerably lower than in WT plants. These results suggest that As causes oxidative stress by inducing glycolate oxidase, while NADPH oxidase does not appear to participate in ROS overproduction but could be critical in regulating antioxidant defences as well as the transport and translocation of As and macro/micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, C/Prof. Albareda 1, Granada E-18008, Spain.
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Tripathi RD, Tripathi P, Dwivedi S, Dubey S, Chatterjee S, Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK. Arsenomics: omics of arsenic metabolism in plants. Front Physiol 2012; 3:275. [PMID: 22934029 PMCID: PMC3429049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of drinking water and groundwater used for irrigation can lead to contamination of the food chain and poses serious health risk to people worldwide. To reduce As intake through the consumption of contaminated food, identification of the mechanisms for As accumulation and detoxification in plant is a prerequisite to develop efficient phytoremediation methods and safer crops with reduced As levels. Transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis of any organism reflects the total biological activities at any given time which are responsible for the adaptation of the organism to the surrounding environmental conditions. As these approaches are very important in analyzing plant As transport and accumulation, we termed "Arsenomics" as approach which deals transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome alterations during As exposure. Although, various studies have been performed to understand modulation in transcriptome in response to As, many important questions need to be addressed regarding the translated proteins of plants at proteomic and metabolomic level, resulting in various ecophysiological responses. In this review, the comprehensive knowledge generated in this area has been compiled and analyzed. There is a need to strengthen Arsenomics which will lead to build up tools to develop As-free plants for safe consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI)Lucknow, India
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Srivastava S, Suprasanna P, D'Souza SF. Mechanisms of arsenic tolerance and detoxification in plants and their application in transgenic technology: a critical appraisal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:506-17. [PMID: 22567728 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.604690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of the environment has emerged as a serious problem. Consequently, there is an urge to understand plants' responses to As. The analysis of various hypertolerant and hyperaccumulator plants and comparison of their responses with non-tolerant and nonaccumulators have provided valuable information about the mechanisms of As tolerance and detoxification. Therefore, we understand why most of the pteridophytes are able to hyperacumulate As, why it is difficult to find hyperaccumulators among angiosperms and why rice is able to translocate As to its grains more efficiently than any other cereal crop. This information can be employed to generate As hyperaccumulators in angiosperms and to develop safe cultivars of rice for human consumption through biotechnological approaches. Although measurable success, in terms of application in the field, has so far not been achieved, transgenic research has yielded promising results, which shed light on the approaches to be taken up in future endeavor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of As tolerance and detoxification in plants and transgenic research conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
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Zaffagnini M, Bedhomme M, Lemaire SD, Trost P. The emerging roles of protein glutathionylation in chloroplasts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:86-96. [PMID: 22325869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play important roles in redox signaling mainly through a set of reversible post-translational modifications of cysteine thiol residues in proteins, including glutathionylation and dithiol/disulfide exchange. Protein glutathionylation has been extensively studied in mammals but emerging evidence suggests that it can play important roles in plants and in chloroplast in particular. This redox modification involves protein thiols and glutathione and is mainly controlled by glutaredoxins, oxidoreductases belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily. In this review, we first present the possible mechanisms of protein glutathionylation and then introduce the chloroplast systems of glutaredoxins and thioredoxins, in order to pinpoint the biochemical properties that make some glutaredoxin isoforms the master enzymes in deglutathionylation. Finally, we discuss the possible roles of glutathionylation in thiol protection, protein regulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging and redox signaling in chloroplasts, with emphasis on the crosstalk between thioredoxin- and glutaredoxin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Zaffagnini M, Bedhomme M, Marchand CH, Morisse S, Trost P, Lemaire SD. Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: focus on glutathionylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:567-86. [PMID: 22053845 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In photosynthetic organisms, besides the well-established disulfide/dithiol exchange reactions specifically controlled by thioredoxins (TRXs), protein S-glutathionylation is emerging as an alternative redox modification occurring under stress conditions. This modification, consisting of the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and a protein cysteine residue, can not only protect specific cysteines from irreversible oxidation but also modulate protein activities and appears to be specifically controlled by small disulfide oxidoreductases of the TRX superfamily named glutaredoxins (GRXs). RECENT STUDIES In recent times, several studies allowed significant progress in this area, mostly due to the identification of several plant proteins undergoing S-glutathionylation and to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms and the proteins involved in the control of this modification. CRITICAL ISSUES This article provides a global overview of protein glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of protein glutathionylation and deglutathionylation and a focus on the role of GRXs. Then, we describe the methods employed for identification of glutathionylated proteins in photosynthetic organisms and review the targets and the possible physiological functions of protein glutathionylation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In order to establish the importance of protein S-glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms, future studies should be aimed at delineating more accurately the molecular mechanisms of glutathionylation and deglutathionylation reactions, at identifying proteins undergoing S-glutathionylation in vivo under diverse conditions, and at investigating the importance of redoxins, GRX, and TRX, in the control of this redox modification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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Jozefczak M, Remans T, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Glutathione is a key player in metal-induced oxidative stress defenses. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3145-3175. [PMID: 22489146 PMCID: PMC3317707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the production, and consequently the emission of metals, has increased exponentially, overwhelming the natural cycles of metals in many ecosystems. Metals display a diverse array of physico-chemical properties such as essential versus non-essential and redox-active versus non-redox-active. In general, all metals can lead to toxicity and oxidative stress when taken up in excessive amounts, imposing a serious threat to the environment and human health. In order to cope with different kinds of metals, plants possess defense strategies in which glutathione (GSH; γ-glu-cys-gly) plays a central role as chelating agent, antioxidant and signaling component. Therefore, this review highlights the role of GSH in: (1) metal homeostasis; (2) antioxidative defense; and (3) signal transduction under metal stress. The diverse functions of GSH originate from the sulfhydryl group in cysteine, enabling GSH to chelate metals and participate in redox cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Jozefczak
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.J.); (T.R.); (J.V.)
| | - Tony Remans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.J.); (T.R.); (J.V.)
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.J.); (T.R.); (J.V.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails: (M.J.); (T.R.); (J.V.)
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Effects of cultivation conditions on the uptake of arsenite and arsenic chemical species accumulated by Pteris vittata in hydroponics. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:326-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bona E, Cattaneo C, Cesaro P, Marsano F, Lingua G, Cavaletto M, Berta G. Proteomic analysis of Pteris vittata fronds: two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differentially modulate protein expression under arsenic contamination. Proteomics 2011; 10:3811-34. [PMID: 20957753 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the most widespread mutualistic symbioses between the roots of most land plants and a phylum of soil fungi. AM are known to influence plant performance by improving mineral nutrition, protecting against pathogens and enhancing resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the frond proteome of the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata in plants that had been inoculated with one of the two AM fungi (Glomus mosseae or Gigaspora margarita) with and without arsenic treatment. A protective role for AM fungi colonisation in the absence of arsenic was indicated by the down-regulation of oxidative damage-related proteins. Arsenic treatment of mycorrhizal ferns induced the differential expression of 130 leaf proteins with specific responses in G. mosseae- and Gi. margarita-colonised plants. Up-regulation of multiple forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase, primarily in G. mosseae-inoculated plants, suggests a central role for glycolytic enzymes in arsenic metabolism. Moreover, a putative arsenic transporter, PgPOR29, has been identified as an up-regulated protein by arsenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bona
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Novara, Vercelli, Italy
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Guo Y, Huang C, Xie Y, Song F, Zhou X. A tomato glutaredoxin gene SlGRX1 regulates plant responses to oxidative, drought and salt stresses. PLANTA 2010; 232:1499-509. [PMID: 20862491 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are ubiquitous small heat-stable disulfide oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in plant development and response to oxidative stress. Here, a novel cDNA fragment (SlGRX1) from tomato encoding a protein containing the consensus Grx family domain with a CGFS active site was isolated and characterized. Southern blot analysis indicated that SlGRX1 gene had a single copy in tomato genome. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that SlGRX1 was expressed ubiquitously in tomato including leaf, root, stem and flower, and its expression could be induced by oxidative, drought, and salt stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing mediated silencing of SlGRX1 in tomato led to increased sensitivity to oxidative and salt stresses with decreased relative chlorophyll content, and reduced tolerance to drought stress with decreased relative water content. In contrast, over-expression of SlGRX1 in Arabidopsis plants significantly increased resistance of plants to oxidative, drought, and salt stresses. Furthermore, expression levels of oxidative, drought and salt stress related genes Apx2, Apx6, and RD22 were up-regulated in SlGRX1-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants when analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results suggest that the Grx gene SlGRX1 plays an important role in regulating abiotic tolerance against oxidative, drought, and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
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Paulose B, Kandasamy S, Dhankher OP. Expression profiling of Crambe abyssinica under arsenate stress identifies genes and gene networks involved in arsenic metabolism and detoxification. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:108. [PMID: 20546591 PMCID: PMC3095275 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic contamination is widespread throughout the world and this toxic metalloid is known to cause cancers of organs such as liver, kidney, skin, and lung in human. In spite of a recent surge in arsenic related studies, we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of arsenic uptake, detoxification, and sequestration in plants. Crambe abyssinica, commonly known as 'abyssinian mustard', is a non-food, high biomass oil seed crop that is naturally tolerant to heavy metals. Moreover, it accumulates significantly higher levels of arsenic as compared to other species of the Brassicaceae family. Thus, C. abyssinica has great potential to be utilized as an ideal inedible crop for phytoremediation of heavy metals and metalloids. However, the mechanism of arsenic metabolism in higher plants, including C. abyssinica, remains elusive. RESULTS To identify the differentially expressed transcripts and the pathways involved in arsenic metabolism and detoxification, C. abyssinica plants were subjected to arsenate stress and a PCR-Select Suppression Subtraction Hybridization (SSH) approach was employed. A total of 105 differentially expressed subtracted cDNAs were sequenced which were found to represent 38 genes. Those genes encode proteins functioning as antioxidants, metal transporters, reductases, enzymes involved in the protein degradation pathway, and several novel uncharacterized proteins. The transcripts corresponding to the subtracted cDNAs showed strong upregulation by arsenate stress as confirmed by the semi-quantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed novel insights into the plant defense mechanisms and the regulation of genes and gene networks in response to arsenate toxicity. The differential expression of transcripts encoding glutathione-S-transferases, antioxidants, sulfur metabolism, heat-shock proteins, metal transporters, and enzymes in the ubiquitination pathway of protein degradation as well as several unknown novel proteins serve as molecular evidence for the physiological responses to arsenate stress in plants. Additionally, many of these cDNA clones showing strong upregulation due to arsenate stress could be used as valuable markers. Further characterization of these differentially expressed genes would be useful to develop novel strategies for efficient phytoremediation as well as for engineering arsenic tolerant crops with reduced arsenic translocation to the edible parts of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin Paulose
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Suganthi Kandasamy
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
- Undergraduate Student, School of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
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Li L, Cheng N, Hirschi KD, Wang X. Structure of Arabidopsis chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2010; 66:725-32. [PMID: 20516625 PMCID: PMC2879357 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444910013119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structure of Arabidopsis monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp has been determined and reveals unique structural features of monothiol glutaredoxins, key residues for their interaction with glutathione and structural determinants for their distinct biochemical properties. Monothiol glutaredoxins (Grxs) play important roles in maintaining redox homeostasis in living cells and are conserved across species. Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXcp is critical for protection from oxidative stress in chloroplasts. The crystal structure of AtGRXcp has been determined at 2.4 Å resolution. AtGRXcp has a glutaredoxin/thioredoxin-like fold with distinct structural features that differ from those of dithiol Grxs. The structure reveals that the putative active-site motif CGFS is well defined and is located on the molecular surface and that a long groove extends to both sides of the catalytic Cys97. Structural comparison and molecular modeling suggest that glutathione can bind in this groove and form extensive interactions with conserved charged residues including Lys89, Arg126 and Asp152. Further comparative studies reveal that a unique loop with five additional residues adjacent to the active-site motif may be a key structural feature of monothiol Grxs and may influence their function. This study provides the first structural information on plant CGFS-type monothiol Grxs, allowing a better understanding of the redox-regulation mechanism mediated by these plant Grxs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenong Li
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
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Rouhier N. Plant glutaredoxins: pivotal players in redox biology and iron-sulphur centre assembly. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:365-72. [PMID: 20074091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins are small oxidoreductases structurally related to thioredoxins. They have two major proposed biochemical roles: the reduction of disulphide bonds and the binding of iron-sulphur clusters, both of which involve glutathione. The thiol-disulphide reductase activity regulates the activity of target proteins, either metabolic enzymes or transcription factors, and also helps to regenerate thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, namely thiol-peroxidases and methionine sulphoxide reductases, which are key players for the plant response to environmental constraints. In photosynthetic organisms, glutaredoxins are distributed into six classes. Glutaredoxins from class II can exist either as apoforms, which display deglutathionylation activity, or as holoforms, which bind labile [2Fe-2S] clusters and seem to be required for iron-sulphur cluster assembly. This latter role is supported by the ability of the hologlutaredoxins to rapidly and efficiently transfer their clusters to apo-proteins in vitro. It has been proposed that they can act either as scaffold proteins for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulphur clusters or as carrier proteins for the transfer and delivery of preassembled iron-sulphur clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rouhier
- Unité Mixte de Recherches 1136 INRA Nancy University, Interactions Arbre-Microorganismes, IFR 110 EFABA, Faculté des Sciences BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
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Kashiwabara T, Mitsuo S, Hokura A, Kitajima N, Abe T, Nakai I. In vivo micro X-ray analysis utilizing synchrotron radiation of the gametophytes of three arsenic accumulating ferns, Pteris vittata L., Pteris cretica L. and Athyrium yokoscense, in different growth stages. Metallomics 2010; 2:261-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b922866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sundaram S, Rathinasabapathi B. Transgenic expression of fern Pteris vittata glutaredoxin PvGrx5 in Arabidopsis thaliana increases plant tolerance to high temperature stress and reduces oxidative damage to proteins. PLANTA 2010; 231:361-9. [PMID: 19936779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A glutaredoxin of the fern Pteris vittata PvGRX5 was previously implicated in arsenic tolerance. Because of possible involvements of glutaredoxins in metabolic adaptations to high temperature stress, transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively expressing PvGRX5 were evaluated for thermotolerance. Homozygous lines expressing PvGRX5 exhibited significantly greater tolerance to high temperature stress than the vector control and wild-type, based upon growth during stress and during recovery from stress, and this was related to leaf glutaredoxin specific activities. Measurements of tissue ion leakage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl content showed that PvGRX5-expressors were significantly (P < 0.05) less affected by the high temperature treatment compared to wild-type and vector control lines for damage to membranes and proteins. Immunoblots indicated that specific protein bands, carbonylated during the stress treatment in the control lines, were protected in PvGRX5-expressors, thus implicating PvGRX5 in heat tolerance, likely mediated through cellular protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Sundaram
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Xie QE, Yan XL, Liao XY, Li X. The arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8488-8495. [PMID: 20028042 DOI: 10.1021/es9014647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contaminated soils and waters are becoming major global environmental and human health risks. The identification of natural hyperaccumulators of As opens the door for phytoremediation of the arsenic contaminant. Pteris vittata is the first identified naturally evolving As hyperaccumulator. More than a decade after its discovery, we have made great progress in understanding the uptake, transport, and detoxification of As in the fern. The molecular mechanisms controlling As accumulation in P. vittata are now beginning to be recognized. In this review, we will try to summarize what we have learned about this As accumulator, with particular emphasis on the current knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of arsenic phytoremediation. We also discuss the potential strategies to further enhance phytoextraction abilities of P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-En Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center of Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
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Wu FY, Ye ZH, Wong MH. Intraspecific differences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in their impacts on arsenic accumulation by Pteris vittata L. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:1258-1264. [PMID: 19535126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that Pteris vittata, an arsenic hyperaccumulator, could be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi either in controlled conditions or at field sites. However, physiological mechanisms of AM fungi influencing As accumulation and tolerance in the plant are not fully elucidated. Two predominant fungal species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus geosporum, and a rapidly sporulating fungal species, Glomus etunicatum, associated with P. vittata were isolated from As-contaminated soils. Two uncontaminated isolates, G. mosseae and G. etunicatum, served as reference isolates. Based on germination of spores exposed to elevated As, Pb and Zn concentrations, two contrasting isolates of G. mosseae were selected to investigate As accumulation in two populations of P. vittata [from an uncontaminated site of Hong Kong (HK) and an As-contaminated site located in Jinchuantang (JCT) of Hunan Province, China, respectively] under hydroponic culture and pot trials. At lower levels of As exposure (50-200 microM), both uncontaminated and metal-contaminated isolates of G. mosseae significantly increased short-term As influx into roots of P. vittata. However, at higher levels of As exposure (400-1000 microM), only uncontaminated isolates significantly increased short-term As influx into roots. When growing on 100mg As kg(-1) soils, uncontaminated isolates exhibited a higher level of colonization in roots of P. vittata than metal-contaminated isolates and only the former significantly increased As accumulation in roots of HK population and in fronds of JCT population. It was concluded that there were intraspecific differences of AM fungi in their impacts on As accumulation by P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Wu
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Karimi N, Ghaderian SM, Raab A, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. An arsenic-accumulating, hypertolerant brassica, Isatis capadocica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 184:41-47. [PMID: 19656300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Isatis capadocica, a brassica collected from Iranian arsenic-contaminated mine spoils and control populations, was examined to determine arsenate tolerance, metabolism and accumulation. I. cappadocica exhibited arsenate hypertolerance in both mine and nonmine populations, actively growing at concentrations of > 1 mm arsenate in hydroponic solution. I. cappadocica had an ability to accumulate high concentrations of arsenic in its shoots, in excess of 100 mg kg(-1) DW, with a shoot : root transfer ratio of > 1. The ability to accumulate arsenic was exhibited in both hydroponics and contaminated soils. Tolerance in this species was not achieved through suppression of high-affinity phosphate/arsenate root transport, in contrast to other monocotyledons and dicotyledons. A high percentage (> 50%) of arsenic in the tissues was phytochelatin complexed; however, it is argued that this is a constitutive, rather than an adaptive, mechanism of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Karimi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Andrea Raab
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- School of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Andrew A Meharg
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Sundaram S, Wu S, Ma LQ, Rathinasabapathi B. Expression of a Pteris vittata glutaredoxin PvGRX5 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana increases plant arsenic tolerance and decreases arsenic accumulation in the leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:851-8. [PMID: 19236608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chinese brake fern Pteris vittata hyperaccumulates arsenic in its fronds. In a study to identify brake fern cDNAs in arsenic resistance, we implicated a glutaredoxin, PvGRX5, because when expressed in Escherichia coli, it improved arsenic tolerance in recombinant bacteria. Here, we asked whether PvGRX5 transgenic expression would alter plant arsenic tolerance and metabolism. Two lines of Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively expressing PvGrx5 cDNA were compared with vector control and wild-type lines. PvGRX5-expressors were significantly more tolerant to arsenic compared with control lines based on germination, root growth and whole plant growth under imposed arsenic stress. PvGRX5-expressors contained significantly lower total arsenic compared with control lines following treatment with arsenate. Additionally, PvGRX5-expressors were significantly more efficient in their arsenate reduction in vivo. Together, our results indicate that PvGRX5 has a role in arsenic tolerance via improving arsenate reduction and regulating cellular arsenic levels. Paradoxically, our results suggest that PvGRX5 from the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern can be used in a novel biotechnological solution to decrease arsenic in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Sundaram
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Gallogly MM, Starke DW, Mieyal JJ. Mechanistic and kinetic details of catalysis of thiol-disulfide exchange by glutaredoxins and potential mechanisms of regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1059-81. [PMID: 19119916 PMCID: PMC2842129 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins are small, heat-stable proteins that exhibit a characteristic thioredoxin fold and a CXXC/S active-site motif. A variety of glutathione (GSH)-dependent catalytic activities have been attributed to the glutaredoxins, including reduction of ribonucleotide reductase, arsenate, and dehydroascorbate; assembly of iron sulfur cluster complexes; and protein glutathionylation and deglutathionylation. Catalysis of reversible protein glutathionylation by glutaredoxins has been implicated in regulation of redox signal transduction and sulfhydryl homeostasis in numerous contexts in health and disease. This forum review is presented in two parts. Part I is focused primarily on the mechanism of the deglutathionylation reaction catalyzed by prototypical dithiol glutaredoxins, especially human Grx1 and Grx2. Grx-catalyzed protein deglutathionylation proceeds by a nucleophilic, double-displacement mechanism in which rate enhancement is attributed to special reactivity of the low pK(a) cysteine at its active site, and to increased nucleophilicity of the second substrate, GSH. Glutaredoxins (and Grx domains) have been identified in most organisms, and many exhibit deglutathionylation or other activities or both. Further characterization according to glutathionyl selectivity, physiological substrates, and intracellular roles may lead to subclassification of this family of enzymes. Part II presents potential mechanisms for in vivo regulation of Grx activity, providing avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Gallogly
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4965, USA
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Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an element that is nonessential for and toxic to plants. Arsenic contamination in the environment occurs in many regions, and, depending on environmental factors, its accumulation in food crops may pose a health risk to humans.Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of As uptake and metabolism in plants is reviewed here. Arsenate is taken up by phosphate transporters. A number of the aquaporin nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) are able to transport arsenite,the predominant form of As in reducing environments. In rice (Oryza sativa), arsenite uptake shares the highly efficient silicon (Si) pathway of entry to root cells and efflux towards the xylem. In root cells arsenate is rapidly reduced to arsenite, which is effluxed to the external medium, complexed by thiol peptides or translocated to shoots. One type of arsenate reductase has been identified, but its in planta functions remain to be investigated. Some fern species in the Pteridaceae family are able to hyperaccumulate As in above-ground tissues. Hyperaccumulation appears to involve enhanced arsenate uptake, decreased arsenite-thiol complexation and arsenite efflux to the external medium, greatly enhanced xylem translocation of arsenite, and vacuolar sequestration of arsenite in fronds. Current knowledge gaps and future research directions are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Zhao
- Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J F Ma
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - A A Meharg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - S P McGrath
- Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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