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Chuanboding, Wang N, He H, Sun X, Bi X, Li A, Sun P, Li J, Yan L, Gao Y, Shen L, Ting Z, Zhang S. Advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by natural plant polysaccharides through regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133466. [PMID: 38942411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. The treatment process of T2DM is long and difficult to cure. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative or complementary methods to deal with the various challenges brought by T2DM. Natural plant polysaccharides (NPPs) have certain potential in the treatment of T2DM. However, many studies have not considered the relationship between the structure of NPPs and their anti-T2DM activity. This paper reviews the relevant anti-T2DM mechanisms of NPPs, including modulation of insulin action, promotion of glucose metabolism and modulation of postprandial glucose levels, anti-inflammation and modulation of gut microbiota (GM) and metabolism. This paper provides an in-depth study of the conformational relationships of NPPs and facilitates the development of anti-T2DM drugs or dietary supplements with NPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanboding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huiying He
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaohang Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Anning Li
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Baishan 134600, China
| | - Liqian Shen
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Baishan 134600, China
| | - Zhao Ting
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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2
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Goerdeler C, Engelmann B, Aldehoff AS, Schaffert A, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Wabitsch M, Schubert K, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M. Metabolomics in human SGBS cells as new approach method for studying adipogenic effects: Analysis of the effects of DINCH and MINCH on central carbon metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118847. [PMID: 38582427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that exposure to certain metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs), such as the phthalate plasticizer DEHP, might promote obesity in humans, contributing to the spread of this global health problem. Due to the restriction on the use of phthalates, there has been a shift to safer declared substitutes, including the plasticizer diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). Notwithstanding, recent studies suggest that the primary metabolite monoisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid ester (MINCH), induces differentiation of human adipocytes and affects enzyme levels of key metabolic pathways. Given the lack of methods for assessing metabolism-disrupting effects of chemicals on adipose tissue, we used metabolomics to analyze human SGSB cells exposed to DINCH or MINCH. Concentration analysis of DINCH and MINCH revealed that uptake of MINCH in preadipocytes was associated with increased lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Although we also observed intracellular uptake for DINCH, the solubility of DINCH in cell culture medium was limited, hampering the analysis of possible effects in the μM concentration range. Metabolomics revealed that MINCH induces lipid accumulation similar to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-agonist rosiglitazone through upregulation of the pyruvate cycle, which was recently identified as a key driver of de novo lipogenesis. Analysis of the metabolome in the presence of the PPARG-inhibitor GW9662 indicated that the effect of MINCH on metabolism was mediated at least partly by a PPARG-independent mechanism. However, all effects of MINCH were only observed at high concentrations of 10 μM, which are three orders of magnitudes higher than the current concentrations of plasticizers in human serum. Overall, the assessment of the effects of DINCH and MINCH on SGBS cells by metabolomics revealed no adipogenic potential at physiologically relevant concentrations. This finding aligns with previous in vivo studies and supports the potential of our method as a New Approach Method (NAM) for the assessment of adipogenic effects of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Goerdeler
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alix Sarah Aldehoff
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Tan J, Virtue S, Norris DM, Conway OJ, Yang M, Bidault G, Gribben C, Lugtu F, Kamzolas I, Krycer JR, Mills RJ, Liang L, Pereira C, Dale M, Shun-Shion AS, Baird HJ, Horscroft JA, Sowton AP, Ma M, Carobbio S, Petsalaki E, Murray AJ, Gershlick DC, Nathan JA, Hudson JE, Vallier L, Fisher-Wellman KH, Frezza C, Vidal-Puig A, Fazakerley DJ. Limited oxygen in standard cell culture alters metabolism and function of differentiated cells. EMBO J 2024; 43:2127-2165. [PMID: 38580776 PMCID: PMC11148168 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro oxygen microenvironment profoundly affects the capacity of cell cultures to model physiological and pathophysiological states. Cell culture is often considered to be hyperoxic, but pericellular oxygen levels, which are affected by oxygen diffusivity and consumption, are rarely reported. Here, we provide evidence that several cell types in culture actually experience local hypoxia, with important implications for cell metabolism and function. We focused initially on adipocytes, as adipose tissue hypoxia is frequently observed in obesity and precedes diminished adipocyte function. Under standard conditions, cultured adipocytes are highly glycolytic and exhibit a transcriptional profile indicative of physiological hypoxia. Increasing pericellular oxygen diverted glucose flux toward mitochondria, lowered HIF1α activity, and resulted in widespread transcriptional rewiring. Functionally, adipocytes increased adipokine secretion and sensitivity to insulin and lipolytic stimuli, recapitulating a healthier adipocyte model. The functional benefits of increasing pericellular oxygen were also observed in macrophages, hPSC-derived hepatocytes and cardiac organoids. Our findings demonstrate that oxygen is limiting in many terminally-differentiated cell types, and that considering pericellular oxygen improves the quality, reproducibility and translatability of culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn Tan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sam Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Olivia J Conway
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Fatima Lugtu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Lu Liang
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Conceição Pereira
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin Dale
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Harry Jm Baird
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James A Horscroft
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Alice P Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Marcella Ma
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain.
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Qi Z, Yang L, Huang C, Lin D. Deciphering the Therapeutic Role of Lactate in Combating Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy: An NMR-Based Metabolomic Study in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:2216. [PMID: 38792078 PMCID: PMC11124173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) is a significant healthcare challenge characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function resulting from prolonged inactivity. The development of effective strategies for muscle recovery is essential. In this study, we established a DMA mouse model through hindlimb suspension to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lactate in alleviating the detrimental effects on the gastrocnemius muscle. Using NMR-based metabolomic analysis, we investigated the metabolic changes in DMA-injured gastrocnemius muscles compared to controls and evaluated the beneficial effects of lactate treatment. Our results show that lactate significantly reduced muscle mass loss and improved muscle function by downregulating Murf1 expression, decreasing protein ubiquitination and hydrolysis, and increasing myosin heavy chain levels. Crucially, lactate corrected perturbations in four key metabolic pathways in the DMA gastrocnemius: the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; phenylalanine metabolism; histidine metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism. In addition to phenylalanine-related pathways, lactate also plays a role in regulating branched-chain amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Notably, lactate treatment normalized the levels of eight essential metabolites in DMA mice, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent against the consequences of prolonged inactivity and muscle wasting. This study not only advances our understanding of the therapeutic benefits of lactate but also provides a foundation for novel treatment approaches aimed at metabolic restoration and muscle recovery in conditions of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
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5
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Fan S, Kong C, Zhou R, Zheng X, Ren D, Yin Z. Protein Post-Translational Modifications Based on Proteomics: A Potential Regulatory Role in Animal Science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6077-6088. [PMID: 38501450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Genomic studies in animal breeding have provided a wide range of references; however, it is important to note that genes and mRNA alone do not fully capture the complexity of living organisms. Protein post-translational modification, which involves covalent modifications regulated by genetic and environmental factors, serves as a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that modulates protein structure, activity, and function. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various phosphorylation and acylation modifications on metabolic enzymes relevant to energy metabolism in animals, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutylation, acetoacetylation, and lactylation. It is worth noting that research on animal energy metabolism and modification regulation lags behind the demands for growth and development in animal breeding compared to human studies. Therefore, this review provides a novel research perspective by exploring unreported types of modifications in livestock based on relevant findings from human or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dalong Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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6
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Broskey NT, Pories WJ, DeMaria EJ, Jones TE, Tanner CJ, Zheng D, Krassovskaia PM, Mitchell LA, Matarese LE, O'Brien KF, Cortright RN, Dohm GL, Houmard JA. Fasting plasma lactate as a possible early clinical marker for metabolic disease risk. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102955. [PMID: 38310736 PMCID: PMC10997452 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Elevated fasting plasma lactate concentrations are evident in individuals with metabolic diseases. However, it has yet to be determined if these associations exist in a young, healthy population as a possible early marker for metabolic disease risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if indices of the metabolic syndrome are related to plasma lactate concentrations in this population. METHODS Fifty (29 ± 7 yr) men (n = 19) and women (n = 31) classified as overweight (26.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2) participated in this observational study. Blood pressure and blood metabolites were measured after an overnight fast. Lactate was also measured before and after a three-day eucaloric high-fat (70 %) diet. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a measure of insulin resistance. Visceral adipose tissue mass was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Triglycerides (r = 0.55, p=<0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.53, p=<0.0001), and systolic and diastolic (both, r = 0.36, p = 0.01) blood pressures associated with fasting plasma lactate. No differences in visceral adipose tissue existed between the sexes (p = 0.41); however, the relationship between visceral adipose tissue and lactate existed only in females (r = 0.59, p = 0.02) but not in males (p = 0.53). Fasting lactate and HOMA-IR increased in males (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), but not females, following a three-day high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Indices of the metabolic syndrome associated with fasting plasma lactates in young relatively healthy individuals. Fasting lactate also increased in a sex-specific manner after a three-day high fat diet. Thus, lactate could become a clinical marker for metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Broskey
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Walter J Pories
- Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Terry E Jones
- Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Charles J Tanner
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Polina M Krassovskaia
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura E Matarese
- Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kevin F O'Brien
- Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - G Lynis Dohm
- Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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7
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Guo B, Shu H, Luo L, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Fu L, Song T, Qiao Y, Zhang C. Lactate Conversion by Lactate Dehydrogenase B Is Involved in Beige Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenesis in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4846. [PMID: 38004240 PMCID: PMC10674895 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary reservoir of lipid, the major thermogenesis organ during cold exposure, and an important site for lactate production. However, the utilization of lactate as a metabolic substrate by adipocytes, as well as its potential involvement in the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis, remain unappreciated. In vitro experiments using primary stromal vascular fraction preadipocytes isolated from mouse inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) revealed that lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), the key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, is upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, downregulated upon chronic cold stimulation, and regained after prolonged cold exposure. In addition, the global knockout of Ldhb significantly reduced the masses of iWAT and epididymal WAT (eWAT) and impeded the utilization of iWAT during cold exposure. In addition, Ldhb loss of function impaired the mitochondrial function of iWAT under cold conditions. Together, these findings uncover the involvement of LDHB in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan 523018, China;
| | - Hui Shu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ling Luo
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiangpeng Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Ma
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Fu
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yixue Qiao
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Chi Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Dankel SN, Kalleklev TL, Tungland SL, Stafsnes MH, Bruheim P, Aloysius TA, Lindquist C, Skorve J, Nygård OK, Madsen L, Bjørndal B, Sydnes MO, Berge RK. Changes in Plasma Pyruvate and TCA Cycle Metabolites upon Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15536. [PMID: 37958519 PMCID: PMC10648824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and associated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity contributes to lifestyle-related diseases, and circulating biomarkers reflecting these changes could have disease prognostic value. This study aimed to determine hepatic and systemic changes in TCA-cycle-related metabolites upon the selective pharmacologic enhancement of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, and to elucidate the mechanisms and potential markers of hepatic mitochondrial activity. Male Wistar rats were treated with 3-thia fatty acids (e.g., tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA)), which target mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and ketogenesis predominantly in the liver. Hepatic and plasma concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates and anaplerotic substrates (LC-MS/MS), plasma ketones (colorimetric assay), and acylcarnitines (HPLC-MS/MS), along with associated TCA-cycle-related gene expression (qPCR) and enzyme activities, were determined. TTA-induced hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation resulted in an increased ratio of plasma ketone bodies/nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), lower plasma malonyl-CoA levels, and a higher ratio of plasma acetylcarnitine/palmitoylcarnitine (C2/C16). These changes were associated with decreased hepatic and increased plasma pyruvate concentrations, and increased plasma concentrations of succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Expression of several genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes and the malate-oxoglutarate carrier (Slc25a11), glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh), and malic enzyme (Mdh1 and Mdh2) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the induction of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation by 3-thia fatty acids lowered hepatic pyruvate while increasing plasma pyruvate, as well as succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nitter Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Tine-Lise Kalleklev
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Siri Lunde Tungland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Marit Hallvardsdotter Stafsnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Thomas Aquinas Aloysius
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Sports, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Magne Olav Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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9
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Turchi R, Sciarretta F, Ceci V, Tiberi M, Audano M, Pedretti S, Panebianco C, Nesci V, Pazienza V, Ferri A, Carotti S, Chiurchiù V, Mitro N, Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. Butyrate prevents visceral adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic alterations in a Friedreich's ataxia mouse model. iScience 2023; 26:107713. [PMID: 37701569 PMCID: PMC10494209 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from a mutation in the FXN gene, leading to mitochondrial frataxin deficiency. FA patients exhibit increased visceral adiposity, inflammation, and heightened diabetes risk, negatively affecting prognosis. We investigated visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) in a murine model (KIKO) to understand its role in FA-related metabolic complications. RNA-seq analysis revealed altered expression of inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis genes. Diabetes-like traits, including larger adipocytes, immune cell infiltration, and increased lactate production, were observed in vWAT. FXN downregulation in cultured adipocytes mirrored vWAT diabetes-like features, showing metabolic shifts toward glycolysis and lactate production. Metagenomic analysis indicated a reduction in fecal butyrate-producing bacteria, known to exert antidiabetic effects. A butyrate-enriched diet restrained vWAT abnormalities and mitigated diabetes features in KIKO mice. Our work emphasizes the role of vWAT in FA-related metabolic issues and suggests butyrate as a safe and promising adjunct for FA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turchi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Ceci
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit Fondazione IRCSS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG)-Italy
| | - Valentina Nesci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit Fondazione IRCSS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo (FG)-Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology, IFT-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Predictive Molecular Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology, IFT-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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10
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Frisardi V, Canovi S, Vaccaro S, Frazzi R. The Significance of Microenvironmental and Circulating Lactate in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15369. [PMID: 37895048 PMCID: PMC10607673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate represents the main product of pyruvate reduction catalyzed by the lactic dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Cancer cells utilize great quantities of glucose, shifting toward a glycolytic metabolism. With the contribution of tumor stromal cells and under hypoxic conditions, this leads toward the acidification of the extracellular matrix. The ability to shift between different metabolic pathways is a characteristic of breast cancer cells and is associated with an aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, the preliminary scientific evidence concerning the levels of circulating lactate in breast cancer points toward a correlation between hyperlactacidemia and poor prognosis, even though no clear linkage has been demonstrated. Overall, lactate may represent a promising metabolic target that needs to be investigated in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Frisardi
- Geriatric Unit, Neuromotor Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simone Canovi
- Clinical Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vaccaro
- Clinical Nutrition Unit and Oncological Metabolic Centre, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Frazzi
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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11
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Malek MC, Behera JR, Kilaru A, Yampolsky LY. Differential expression of gluconeogenesis-related transcripts in a freshwater zooplankton model organism suggests a role of the Cori cycle in hypoxia tolerance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284679. [PMID: 37552659 PMCID: PMC10409257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is the process of regenerating glucose and NAD+ that allows for continued ATP synthesis by glycolysis during fasting or in hypoxia. Recent data from C. elegans and crustaceans challenged with hypoxia show differential and tissue-specific expression of GNG-specific genes. Here we report differential expression of several GNG-specific genes in the head and body of a model organism, Daphnia magna, a planktonic crustacean, in normoxic and acute hypoxic conditions. We predict that GNG-specific transcripts will be enriched in the body, where most of the fat tissue is located, rather than in the head, where the tissues critical for survival in hypoxia, the central nervous system and locomotory muscles, are located. We measured the relative expression of GNG-specific transcripts in each body part by qRT-PCR and normalized them by either the expression of a reference gene or the rate-limiting glycolysis enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK). Our data show that of the three GNG-specific transcripts tested, pyruvate carboxylase (PC) showed no differential expression in either the head or body. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), on the other hand, is upregulated in hypoxia in both body parts. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is upregulated in the body relative to the head and upregulated in hypoxia relative to normoxia, with a stronger body effect in hypoxia when normalized by PK expression. These results support our hypothesis that Daphnia can survive hypoxic conditions by implementing the Cori cycle, where body tissues supply glucose and NAD+ to the brain and muscles, enabling them to continuously generate ATP by glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad C. Malek
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jyoti R. Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lev Y. Yampolsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
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12
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Mouton AJ, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Hall JE. Targeting immunometabolism during cardiorenal injury: roles of conventional and alternative macrophage metabolic fuels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139296. [PMID: 37234412 PMCID: PMC10208225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in mediating and resolving tissue injury as well as tissue remodeling during cardiorenal disease. Altered immunometabolism, particularly macrophage metabolism, is a critical underlying mechanism of immune dysfunction and inflammation, particularly in individuals with underlying metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of macrophages in cardiac and renal injury and disease. We also highlight the roles of macrophage metabolism and discuss metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, which may impair normal macrophage metabolism and thus predispose individuals to cardiorenal inflammation and injury. As the roles of macrophage glucose and fatty acid metabolism have been extensively discussed elsewhere, we focus on the roles of alternative fuels, such as lactate and ketones, which play underappreciated roles during cardiac and renal injury and heavily influence macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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13
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Morais T, Seabra AL, Patrício BG, Carrageta DF, Guimarães M, Nora M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Monteiro MP. Dysglycemia Shapes Visceral Adipose Tissue's Response to GIP, GLP-1 and Glucagon in Individuals with Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050587. [PMID: 37233628 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic fingerprints differ according to body mass index (BMI) and glycemic status. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon are gut-associated hormones that play an important role in regulating energy and glucose homeostasis, although their metabolic actions in VAT are still poorly characterized. Our aim was to assess whether GLP-1, GIP and glucagon influence the VAT metabolite profile. To achieve this goal, VAT harvested during elective surgical procedures from individuals (N = 19) with different BMIs and glycemic statuses was stimulated with GLP-1, GIP or glucagon, and culture media was analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. In the VAT of individuals with obesity and prediabetes, GLP-1 shifted its metabolic profile by increasing alanine and lactate production while also decreasing isoleucine consumption, whereas GIP and glucagon decreased lactate and alanine production and increased pyruvate consumption. In summary, GLP-1, GIP and glucagon were shown to distinctively modulate the VAT metabolic profile depending on the subject's BMI and glycemic status. In VAT from patients with obesity and prediabetes, these hormones induced metabolic shifts toward gluconeogenesis suppression and oxidative phosphorylation enhancement, suggesting an overall improvement in AT mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre L Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara G Patrício
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Carrageta
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Guimarães
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, 4520-220 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Mário Nora
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, 4520-220 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Imuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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15
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Feng T, Zhao X, Gu P, Yang W, Wang C, Guo Q, Long Q, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Li J, Cheung CKY, Wu D, Kong X, Xu Y, Ye D, Hua S, Loomes K, Xu A, Hui X. Adipocyte-derived lactate is a signalling metabolite that potentiates adipose macrophage inflammation via targeting PHD2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5208. [PMID: 36064857 PMCID: PMC9445001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) inflammation is involved with meta-inflammation and pathology of metabolic complications. Here we report that in adipocytes, elevated lactate production, previously regarded as the waste product of glycolysis, serves as a danger signal to promote ATM polarization to an inflammatory state in the context of obesity. Adipocyte-selective deletion of lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha), the enzyme converting pyruvate to lactate, protects mice from obesity-associated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, accompanied by a lower percentage of inflammatory ATM and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, lactate, at its physiological concentration, fosters the activation of inflammatory macrophages by directly binding to the catalytic domain of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing 2 (PHD2) in a competitive manner with α-ketoglutarate and stabilizes hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α). Lactate-induced IL-1β was abolished in PHD2-deficient macrophages. Human adipose lactate level is positively linked with local inflammatory features and insulin resistance index independent of the body mass index (BMI). Our study shows a critical function of adipocyte-derived lactate in promoting the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in adipose and identifies PHD2 as a direct sensor of lactate, which functions to connect chronic inflammation and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wah Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Long
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia Kwan Yui Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Hua
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kerry Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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17
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Lin Y, Bai M, Wang S, Chen L, Li Z, Li C, Cao P, Chen Y. Lactate Is a Key Mediator That Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance via Modulating Cytokine Production From Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2022; 71:637-652. [PMID: 35044451 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidence indicates that inflammation in adipose tissue is the primary cause of systemic insulin resistance induced by obesity. Obesity-associated changes in circulating LPS level and hypoxia/HIF-1α activation have been proposed to be involved in boosting obesity-induced inflammation. However, there is poor understanding of what triggers obesity-induced inflammation. In this study, we pinpoint lactate as a key trigger to mediate obesity-induced inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Specific deletion of Slc16a1 that encodes MCT1, the primary lactate transporter in adipose tissues, robustly elevates blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and aggravates systemic insulin resistance without alteration of adiposity in mice fed high-fat diet. Slc16a1 deletion in adipocytes elevates intracellular lactate level while reducing circulating lactate concentration. Mechanistically, lactate retention due to Slc16a1 deletion initiates adipocyte apoptosis and cytokine release. The locally recruited macrophages amplify the inflammation by release of proinflammatory cytokines to the circulation, leading to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. This study, therefore, indicates that lactate within adipocytes has a key biological function linking obesity to insulin resistance, and harnessing lactate in adipocytes can be a promising strategy to break this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijuan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Integrating adipocyte insulin signaling and metabolism in the multi-omics era. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:531-546. [PMID: 35304047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into adipocytes via mTORC2/AKT signaling and GLUT4 translocation and directs glucose carbons into glycolysis, glycerol for TAG synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis. Adipocyte insulin resistance is an early indicator of type 2 diabetes in obesity, a worldwide health crisis. Thus, understanding the interplay between insulin signaling and central carbon metabolism pathways that maintains adipocyte function, blood glucose levels, and metabolic homeostasis is critical. While classically viewed through the lens of individual enzyme-substrate interactions, advances in mass spectrometry are beginning to illuminate adipocyte signaling and metabolic networks on an unprecedented scale, yet this is just the tip of the iceberg. Here, we review how 'omics approaches help to elucidate adipocyte insulin action in cellular time and space.
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19
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Ibrahim A, Neinast MD, Li K, Noji M, Kim B, Bornstein MR, Mohammed R, Wellen KE, Arany Z. Insulin-stimulated adipocytes secrete lactate to promote endothelial fatty acid uptake and transport. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258964. [PMID: 34779480 PMCID: PMC8729779 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates adipose tissue to extract fatty acids from circulation and sequester them inside adipose cells. How fatty acids are transported across the capillary endothelial barrier, and how this process is regulated, remains unclear. We modeled the relationship of adipocytes and endothelial cells in vitro to test the role of insulin in fatty acid transport. Treatment of endothelial cells with insulin did not affect endothelial fatty acid uptake, but endothelial cells took up more fatty acids when exposed to medium conditioned by adipocytes treated with insulin. Manipulations of this conditioned medium indicated that the secreted factor is a small, hydrophilic, non-proteinaceous metabolite. Factor activity was correlated with lactate concentration, and inhibition of lactate production in adipocytes abolished the activity. Finally, lactate alone was sufficient to increase endothelial uptake of both free fatty acids and lipids liberated from chylomicrons, and to promote transendothelial transport, at physiologically relevant concentrations. Taken together, these data suggest that insulin drives adipocytes to secrete lactate, which then acts in a paracrine fashion to promote fatty acid uptake and transport across the neighboring endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Ibrahim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D. Neinast
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Noji
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc R. Bornstein
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raffiu Mohammed
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Bailey T, Nieto A, McDonald P. Inhibition of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) Promotes 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Proliferation and Enhances Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031901. [PMID: 35163825 PMCID: PMC8836706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarged, hypertrophic adipocytes are less responsive to insulin and are a hallmark feature of obesity, contributing to many of the negative metabolic consequences of excess adipose tissue. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, the adipocyte size appears to be inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, wherein smaller adipocytes are insulin-sensitive and larger adipocytes develop insulin resistance and exhibit an impaired glucose uptake. Thus, pharmacological strategies aimed at regulating adipocyte hypertrophy (increase in adipocyte size) in favor of promoting hyperplasia (increase in adipocyte number) have the potential to improve adipocyte insulin sensitivity and provide therapeutic benefits in the context of metabolic disorders. As white adipose tissue can metabolize large amounts of glucose to lactate, using transcriptomics and in vitro characterization we explore the functional consequences of inhibiting monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) activity in fully differentiated adipocytes. Our studies show that the pharmacological inhibition of MCT1, a key regulator of the cellular metabolism and proliferation, promotes the re-entry of mature adipocytes into the cell cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibitor-treated adipocytes exhibit an enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as compared with untreated adipocytes, and that this outcome is dependent on the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity. In summary, we identify a mechanism though which MCT1 inhibition improves the insulin sensitivity of mature adipocytes by inducing cell cycle re-entry. These results provide the foundation for future studies investigating the role MCT1 plays in adipocyte hyperplasia, and its therapeutic potential as a drug target for obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bailey
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ainhoa Nieto
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Discovery Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA;
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-6684
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21
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Proteogenomic Analysis Reveals Proteins Involved in the First Step of Adipogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3168428. [PMID: 34956370 PMCID: PMC8702357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3168428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized as a disease that directly affects the whole-body metabolism and is associated with excess fat mass and several related comorbidities. Dynamics of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia play an important role in health and disease, especially in obesity. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) represent an important source for understanding the entire adipogenic differentiation process. However, little is known about the triggering step of adipogenesis in hASC. Here, we performed a proteogenomic approach for understanding the protein abundance alterations during the initiation of the adipogenic differentiation process. Methods hASC were isolated from adipose tissue of three donors and were then characterized and expanded. Cells were cultured for 24 hours in adipogenic differentiation medium followed by protein extraction. We used shotgun proteomics to compare the proteomic profile of 24 h-adipogenic, differentiated, and undifferentiated hASC. We also used our previous next-generation sequencing data (RNA-seq) of the total and polysomal mRNA fractions of hASC to study posttranscriptional regulation during the initial steps of adipogenesis. Results We identified 3420 proteins out of 48,336 peptides, of which 92 proteins were exclusively identified in undifferentiated hASC and 53 proteins were exclusively found in 24 h-differentiated cells. Using a stringent criterion, we identified 33 differentially abundant proteins when comparing 24 h-differentiated and undifferentiated hASC (14 upregulated and 19 downregulated, respectively). Among the upregulated proteins, we shortlisted several adipogenesis-related proteins. A combined analysis of the proteome and the transcriptome allowed the identification of positive correlation coefficients between proteins and mRNAs. Conclusions These results demonstrate a specific proteome profile related to adipogenesis at the beginning (24 hours) of the differentiation process in hASC, which advances the understanding of human adipogenesis and obesity. Adipogenic differentiation is finely regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels.
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22
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Krycer JR, Lor M, Fitzsimmons RL, Hudson JE. A cell culture platform for quantifying metabolic substrate oxidation in bicarbonate-buffered medium. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101547. [PMID: 34971704 PMCID: PMC8819040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes are underpinned by changes in metabolism, specifically by which and how nutrients are catabolized. Substrate utilization can be directly examined by measuring a metabolic endpoint rather than an intermediate (such as tricarboxylic cycle metabolite). For instance, oxidation of specific substrates can be measured in vitro by incubation of live cultures with substrates containing radiolabeled carbon and measuring radiolabeled carbon dioxide. To increase throughput, we previously developed a miniaturized platform to measure substrate oxidation of both adherent and suspension cells using multiwell plates rather than flasks. This enabled multiple conditions to be examined simultaneously, ideal for drug screens and mechanistic studies. However, like many metabolic assays, this was not compatible with bicarbonate-buffered media, which is susceptible to alkalinization upon exposure to gas containing little carbon dioxide such as air. While other buffers such as HEPES can overcome this problem, bicarbonate has additional biological roles as a metabolic substrate and in modulating hormone signaling. Here, we create a bicarbonate-buffered well-plate platform to measure substrate oxidation. This was achieved by introducing a sealed environment within each well that was equilibrated with carbon dioxide, enabling bicarbonate buffering. As proof of principle, we assessed metabolic flux in cultured adipocytes, demonstrating that bicarbonate-buffered medium increased lipogenesis, glucose oxidation, and sensitivity to insulin in comparison to HEPES-buffered medium. This convenient and high-throughput method facilitates the study and screening of metabolic activity under more physiological conditions to aid biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Mary Lor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | | | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland.
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23
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Caslin HL, Abebayehu D, Pinette JA, Ryan JJ. Lactate Is a Metabolic Mediator That Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688485. [PMID: 34733170 PMCID: PMC8558259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate and the associated H+ ions are still introduced in many biochemistry and general biology textbooks and courses as a metabolic by-product within fast or oxygen-independent glycolysis. However, the role of lactate as a fuel source has been well-appreciated in the field of physiology, and the role of lactate as a metabolic feedback regulator and distinct signaling molecule is beginning to gain traction in the field of immunology. We now know that while lactate and the associated H+ ions are generally immunosuppressive negative regulators, there are cell, receptor, mediator, and microenvironment-specific effects that augment T helper (Th)17, macrophage (M)2, tumor-associated macrophage, and neutrophil functions. Moreover, we are beginning to uncover how lactate and H+ utilize different transporters and signaling cascades in various immune cell types. These immunomodulatory effects may have a substantial impact in cancer, sepsis, autoimmunity, wound healing, and other immunomodulatory conditions with elevated lactate levels. In this article, we summarize the known effects of lactate and H+ on immune cells to hypothesize potential explanations for the divergent inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Julia A Pinette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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24
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Adipose Tissue-Breast Cancer Crosstalk Leads to Increased Tumor Lipogenesis Associated with Enhanced Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111881. [PMID: 34769312 PMCID: PMC8585035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify therapeutic targets for breast cancer by investigating the metabolic symbiosis between breast cancer and adipose tissue. To this end, we compared orthotopic E0771 breast cancer tumors that were in direct contact with adipose tissue with ectopic E0771 tumors in mice. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and displayed increased de novo lipogenesis compared to ectopic tumors. Adipocytes release large amounts of lactate, and we found that both lactate pretreatment and adipose tissue co-culture augmented de novo lipogenesis in E0771 cells. Continuous treatment with the selective FASN inhibitor Fasnall dose-dependently decreased the E0771 viability in vitro. However, daily Fasnall injections were effective only in 50% of the tumors, while the other 50% displayed accelerated growth. These opposing effects of Fasnall in vivo was recapitulated in vitro; intermittent Fasnall treatment increased the E0771 viability at lower concentrations and suppressed the viability at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our data suggest that adipose tissue enhances tumor growth by stimulating lipogenesis. However, targeting lipogenesis alone can be deleterious. To circumvent the tumor's ability to adapt to treatment, we therefore believe that it is necessary to apply an aggressive treatment, preferably targeting several metabolic pathways simultaneously, together with conventional therapy.
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25
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Sánchez JC, Valencia-Vásquez A, García AM. Role of TRPV4 Channel in Human White Adipocytes Metabolic Activity. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:997-1006. [PMID: 34648704 PMCID: PMC8566118 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays an essential role in adipocyte metabolism and its alteration is associated with obesity and related disorders. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are an important Ca2+ pathway in adipocytes and their activity is regulated by metabolic mediators such as insulin. In this study, we evaluated the role of TRPV4 channels in metabolic activity and adipokine secretion in human white adipocytes. METHODS Human white adipocytes were freshly cultured and the effects of the activation and inhibition of TRPV4 channels on lipolysis, glucose uptake, lactate production, and leptin and adiponectin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Under basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions, TRPV4 activation by GSK1016709A decreased lipolysis whereas HC067047, an antagonist, increased lipolysis. The activation of TRPV4 resulted in increased glucose uptake and lactate production under both basal conditions and insulin-stimulated conditions; in contrast HC067047 decreased both parameters. Leptin production was increased, and adiponectin production was diminished by TRPV4 activation and its inhibition had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TRPV4 channels are metabolic mediators involved in proadipogenic processes and glucose metabolism in adipocyte biology. TRPV4 channels could be a potential pharmacological target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Aníbal Valencia-Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés M García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
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26
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Francis D, Ghazanfar S, Havula E, Krycer JR, Strbenac D, Senior A, Minard AY, Geddes T, Nelson ME, Weiss F, Stöckli J, Yang JYH, James DE. Genome-wide analysis in Drosophila reveals diet-by-gene interactions and uncovers diet-responsive genes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6287063. [PMID: 34568906 PMCID: PMC8496270 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play a major role in metabolic health. However, they do not act in isolation, as a change in an environmental factor such as diet may exert different effects based on an individual’s genotype. Here, we sought to understand how such gene–diet interactions influenced nutrient storage and utilization, a major determinant of metabolic disease. We subjected 178 inbred strains from the Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) to diets varying in sugar, fat, and protein. We assessed starvation resistance, a holistic phenotype of nutrient storage and utilization that can be robustly measured. Diet influenced the starvation resistance of most strains, but the effect varied markedly between strains such that some displayed better survival on a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) compared to a high-fat diet while others had opposing responses, illustrating a considerable gene × diet interaction. This demonstrates that genetics plays a major role in diet responses. Furthermore, heritability analysis revealed that the greatest genetic variability arose from diets either high in sugar or high in protein. To uncover the genetic variants that contribute to the heterogeneity in starvation resistance, we mapped 566 diet-responsive SNPs in 293 genes, 174 of which have human orthologs. Using whole-body knockdown, we identified two genes that were required for glucose tolerance, storage, and utilization. Strikingly, flies in which the expression of one of these genes, CG4607 a putative homolog of a mammalian glucose transporter, was reduced at the whole-body level, displayed lethality on a HCD. This study provides evidence that there is a strong interplay between diet and genetics in governing survival in response to starvation, a surrogate measure of nutrient storage efficiency and obesity. It is likely that a similar principle applies to higher organisms thus supporting the case for nutrigenomics as an important health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne Francis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Essi Havula
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Geddes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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27
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Yang G, Francis D, Krycer JR, Larance M, Zhang Z, Novotny CJ, Diaz-Vegas A, Shokat KM, James DE. Dissecting the biology of mTORC1 beyond rapamycin. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe0161. [PMID: 34546793 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chris J Novotny
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David E James
- University of Sydney, School of life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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28
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Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism and Apoptotic Cell Clearance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092288. [PMID: 34571937 PMCID: PMC8470283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe removal of apoptotic debris by macrophages—often referred to as efferocytosis—is crucial for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing self-immunity or tissue damaging inflammation. Macrophages clear tissues of hazardous materials from dying cells and ultimately adopt a pro-resolving activation state. However, adipocyte apoptosis is an inflammation-generating process, and the removal of apoptotic adipocytes by so-called adipose tissue macrophages triggers a sequence of events that lead to meta-inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Signals that allow apoptotic cells to control macrophage immune functions are complex and involve metabolites released by the apoptotic cells and also metabolites produced by the macrophages during the digestion of apoptotic cell contents. This review provides a concise summary of the adipocyte-derived metabolites that potentially control adipose tissue macrophage immune functions and, hence, may induce or alleviate adipose tissue inflammation.
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Clinical Use of Lactate Measurements: Reply. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:766-767. [PMID: 34388819 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Portais JC, Galinier A, Ader I, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689747. [PMID: 34276410 PMCID: PMC8278056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Chen AN, Luo Y, Yang YH, Fu JT, Geng XM, Shi JP, Yang J. Lactylation, a Novel Metabolic Reprogramming Code: Current Status and Prospects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688910. [PMID: 34177945 PMCID: PMC8222712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. As a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration, lactate also acts as a precursor of gluconeogenesis and a signaling molecule. We briefly summarize emerging concepts regarding lactate metabolism, such as the lactate shuttle, lactate homeostasis, and lactate-microenvironment interaction. Accumulating evidence indicates that lactate-mediated reprogramming of immune cells and enhancement of cellular plasticity contribute to establishing disease-specific immunity status. However, the mechanisms by which changes in lactate states influence the establishment of diverse functional adaptive states are largely uncharacterized. Posttranslational histone modifications create a code that functions as a key sensor of metabolism and are responsible for transducing metabolic changes into stable gene expression patterns. In this review, we describe the recent advances in a novel lactate-induced histone modification, histone lysine lactylation. These observations support the idea that epigenetic reprogramming-linked lactate input is related to disease state outputs, such as cancer progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Na Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Han Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Tao Fu
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Geng
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Morigny P, Boucher J, Arner P, Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:276-295. [PMID: 33627836 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the white adipocyte is a cell type that is specialized for storage of energy (in the form of triacylglycerols) and for energy mobilization (as fatty acids). White adipocyte metabolism confers an essential role to adipose tissue in whole-body homeostasis. Dysfunction in white adipocyte metabolism is a cardinal event in the development of insulin resistance and associated disorders. This Review focuses on our current understanding of lipid and glucose metabolic pathways in the white adipocyte. We survey recent advances in humans on the importance of adipocyte hypertrophy and on the in vivo turnover of adipocytes and stored lipids. At the molecular level, the identification of novel regulators and of the interplay between metabolic pathways explains the fine-tuning between the anabolic and catabolic fates of fatty acids and glucose in different physiological states. We also examine the metabolic alterations involved in the genesis of obesity-associated metabolic disorders, lipodystrophic states, cancers and cancer-associated cachexia. New challenges include defining the heterogeneity of white adipocytes in different anatomical locations throughout the lifespan and investigating the importance of rhythmic processes. Targeting white fat metabolism offers opportunities for improved patient stratification and a wide, yet unexploited, range of therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Morigny
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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Delcourt M, Delsinne V, Colet JM, Declèves AE, Tagliatti V. Investigation of Mitochondrial Adaptations to Modulation of Carbohydrate Supply during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells by Targeted 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050662. [PMID: 33947124 PMCID: PMC8146760 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic and plastic tissue showing high sensitivity to carbohydrate supply. In such a context, the WAT may accordingly modulate its mitochondrial metabolic activity. We previously demonstrated that a partial replacement of glucose by galactose in a culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells leads to a poorer adipogenic yield and improved global mitochondrial health. In the present study, we investigate key mitochondrial metabolic actors reflecting mitochondrial adaptation in response to different carbohydrate supplies. (2) Methods: The metabolome of 3T3-L1 cells was investigated during the differentiation process using different glucose/galactose ratios and by a targeted approach using 1H-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy; (3) Results: Our findings indicate a reduction of adipogenic and metabolic overload markers under the low glucose/galactose condition. In addition, a remodeling of the mitochondrial function triggers the secretion of metabolites with signaling and systemic energetical homeostasis functions. Finally, this study also sheds light on a new way to consider the mitochondrial metabolic function by considering noncarbohydrates related pathways reflecting both healthier cellular and mitochondrial adaptation mechanisms; (4) Conclusions: Different carbohydrates supplies induce deep mitochondrial metabolic and function adaptations leading to overall adipocytes function and profile remodeling during the adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Delcourt
- Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)65-373506
| | - Virginie Delsinne
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Jean-Marie Colet
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Vanessa Tagliatti
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
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Qian J, Gong ZC, Zhang YN, Wu HH, Zhao J, Wang LT, Ye LJ, Liu D, Wang W, Kang X, Sheng J, Xu W, Liu XL, Wu J, Zheng W. Lactic acid promotes metastatic niche formation in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:9. [PMID: 33478523 PMCID: PMC7818572 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of lactic acid (LA) on the progression of bone metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulatory effects on primary CD115 (+) osteoclast (OC) precursors. METHODS The BrdU assay, Annexin-V/PI assay, TRAP staining and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the effect of LA on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of OC precursors in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was performed to sort primary osteoclast precursors and CD4(+) T cells and to analyze the change in the expression of target proteins in osteoclast precursors. A recruitment assay was used to test how LA and Cadhein-11 regulate the recruitment of OC precursors. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the changes in the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to the PI3K-AKT pathway and profibrotic genes. Safranin O-fast green staining, H&E staining and TRAP staining were performed to analyze the severity of bone resorption and accumulation of osteoclasts. RESULTS LA promoted the expression of CXCL10 and Cadherin-11 in CD115(+) precursors through the PI3K-AKT pathway. We found that CXCL10 and Cadherin-11 were regulated by the activation of CREB and mTOR, respectively. LA-induced overexpression of CXCL10 in CD115(+) precursors indirectly promoted the differentiation of osteoclast precursors through the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells, and the crosstalk between these two cells promoted bone resorption in bone metastasis from CRC. On the other hand, Cadherin-11 mediated the adhesion between osteoclast precursors and upregulated the production of specific collagens, especially Collagen 5, which facilitated fibrotic changes in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of the PI3K-AKT pathway efficiently prevented the progression of bone metastasis caused by lactate. CONCLUSION LA promoted metastatic niche formation in the tumor microenvironment through the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our study provides new insight into the role of LA in the progression of bone metastasis from CRC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-chen Gong
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-na Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-ting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-juan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
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Quek LE, Krycer JR, Ohno S, Yugi K, Fazakerley DJ, Scalzo R, Elkington SD, Dai Z, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Locasale JW, Soga T, James DE, Kuroda S. Erratum: Dynamic 13C Flux Analysis Captures the Reorganization of Adipocyte Glucose Metabolism in Response to Insulin. iScience 2020; 23:101786. [PMID: 33294794 PMCID: PMC7695902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100855.].
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Lactate Metabolism in Breast Cancer Microenvironment: Contribution Focused on Associated Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249676. [PMID: 33353120 PMCID: PMC7766866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that favors high glycolytic flux with lactate production in normoxia is among cancer hallmarks. Lactate is an essential oncometabolite regulating cellular redox homeostasis, energy substrate partitioning, and intracellular signaling. Moreover, malignant phenotype's chief characteristics are dependent on the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. In breast cancer, mammary adipocytes represent an essential cellular component of the tumor milieu. We analyzed lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and isozyme pattern, and LDHA/LDHB protein expression and tissue localization in paired biopsies of breast cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women, compared to benign breast tumor tissue and adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. We show that higher lactate concentration in cancer tissue is concomitant with a shift in isozyme pattern towards the "muscle-type" LDH and corresponding LDHA and LDHB protein expression changes. In contrast, significantly higher LDH activity in cancer-associated adipose tissue seems to be directed towards lactate oxidation. Moreover, localization patterns of LDH isoforms varied substantially across different areas of breast cancer tissue. Invasive front of the tumor showed cell-specific protein localization of LDHA in breast cancer cells and LDHB in cancer-associated adipocytes. The results suggest a specific, lactate-centric relationship between cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue and indicate how cancer-adipose tissue cross-talk may be influenced by obesity in premenopausal women.
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Ohno S, Quek LE, Krycer JR, Yugi K, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Soga T, James DE, Kuroda S. Kinetic Trans-omic Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Mechanisms for Insulin-Regulated Glucose Metabolism in Adipocytes. iScience 2020; 23:101479. [PMID: 32891058 PMCID: PMC7479629 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin regulates glucose metabolism through thousands of regulatory mechanisms; however, which regulatory mechanisms are keys to control glucose metabolism remains unknown. Here, we performed kinetic trans-omic analysis by integrating isotope-tracing glucose flux and phosphoproteomic data from insulin-stimulated adipocytes and built a kinetic mathematical model to identify key allosteric regulatory and phosphorylation events for enzymes. We identified nine reactions regulated by allosteric effectors and one by enzyme phosphorylation and determined the regulatory mechanisms for three of these reactions. Insulin stimulated glycolysis by promoting Glut4 activity by enhancing phosphorylation of AS160 at S595, stimulated fatty acid synthesis by promoting Acly activity through allosteric activation by glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, and stimulated glutamate synthesis by alleviating allosteric inhibition of Gls by glutamate. Most of glycolytic reactions were regulated by amounts of substrates and products. Thus, phosphorylation or allosteric modulator-based regulation of only a few key enzymes was sufficient to change insulin-induced metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ohno
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James R. Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - David E. James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Politis-Barber V, Brunetta HS, Paglialunga S, Petrick HL, Holloway GP. Long-term, high-fat feeding exacerbates short-term increases in adipose mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, without impairing mitochondrial respiration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E376-E387. [PMID: 32543945 PMCID: PMC7473917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in obesity is implicated in the onset of whole body insulin resistance. Alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, namely impaired mitochondrial respiration and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, have been suggested to contribute to this metabolic dysregulation. However, techniques investigating mitochondrial function are classically normalized to tissue weight, which may be confounding when considering obesity-related adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the effect of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on mtROS in WAT has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we sought to determine the HFD-mediated temporal changes in mitochondrial respiration and mtROS emission in WAT. C57BL/6N mice received low-fat diet or HFD for 1 or 8 wk and changes in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and epididymal WAT (eWAT) were assessed. While tissue weight-normalized mitochondrial respiration was reduced in iWAT following 8-wk HFD-feeding, this effect was mitigated when adipocyte cell size and/or number were considered. These data suggest HFD does not impair mitochondrial respiratory capacity per adipocyte within WAT. In support of this assertion, within eWAT compensatory increases in lipid-supported and maximal succinate-supported respiration occurred at 8 wk despite cell hypertrophy and increases in WAT inflammation. Although these data suggest impairments in mitochondrial respiration do not contribute to HFD-mediated WAT phenotype, lipid-supported mtROS emission increased following 1-wk HFD in eWAT, while both lipid and carbohydrate-supported mtROS were increased at 8 wk in both depots. Combined, these data establish that while HFD does not impair adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory capacity, increased mtROS is an enduring physiological occurrence within WAT in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henver S. Brunetta
- 1Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- 2Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Sabina Paglialunga
- 1Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather L. Petrick
- 1Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P. Holloway
- 1Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Krycer JR, Quek LE, Francis D, Zadoorian A, Weiss FC, Cooke KC, Nelson ME, Diaz-Vegas A, Humphrey SJ, Scalzo R, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Huynh K, Giles C, Varney B, Nagarajan SR, Hoy AJ, Soga T, Meikle PJ, Cooney GJ, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. Insulin signaling requires glucose to promote lipid anabolism in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13250-13266. [PMID: 32723868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is essential for metabolic homeostasis, balancing lipid storage and mobilization based on nutritional status. This is coordinated by insulin, which triggers kinase signaling cascades to modulate numerous metabolic proteins, leading to increased glucose uptake and anabolic processes like lipogenesis. Given recent evidence that glucose is dispensable for adipocyte respiration, we sought to test whether glucose is necessary for insulin-stimulated anabolism. Examining lipogenesis in cultured adipocytes, glucose was essential for insulin to stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids and glyceride-glycerol. Importantly, glucose was dispensable for lipogenesis in the absence of insulin, suggesting that distinct carbon sources are used with or without insulin. Metabolic tracing studies revealed that glucose was required for insulin to stimulate pathways providing carbon substrate, NADPH, and glycerol 3-phosphate for lipid synthesis and storage. Glucose also displaced leucine as a lipogenic substrate and was necessary to suppress fatty acid oxidation. Together, glucose provided substrates and metabolic control for insulin to promote lipogenesis in adipocytes. This contrasted with the suppression of lipolysis by insulin signaling, which occurred independently of glucose. Given previous observations that signal transduction acts primarily before glucose uptake in adipocytes, these data are consistent with a model whereby insulin initially utilizes protein phosphorylation to stimulate lipid anabolism, which is sustained by subsequent glucose metabolism. Consequently, lipid abundance was sensitive to glucose availability, both during adipogenesis and in Drosophila flies in vivo Together, these data highlight the importance of glucose metabolism to support insulin action, providing a complementary regulatory mechanism to signal transduction to stimulate adipose anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Armella Zadoorian
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona C Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Scalzo
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca Varney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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41
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Quek LE, Krycer JR, Ohno S, Yugi K, Fazakerley DJ, Scalzo R, Elkington SD, Dai Z, Hirayama A, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Locasale JW, Soga T, James DE, Kuroda S. Dynamic 13C Flux Analysis Captures the Reorganization of Adipocyte Glucose Metabolism in Response to Insulin. iScience 2020; 23:100855. [PMID: 32058966 PMCID: PMC7005519 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is dynamic, but quantifying non-steady metabolic fluxes by stable isotope tracers presents unique computational challenges. Here, we developed an efficient 13C-tracer dynamic metabolic flux analysis (13C-DMFA) framework for modeling central carbon fluxes that vary over time. We used B-splines to generalize the flux parameterization system and to improve the stability of the optimization algorithm. As proof of concept, we investigated how 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes acutely metabolize glucose in response to insulin. Insulin rapidly stimulates glucose uptake, but intracellular pathways responded with differing speeds and magnitudes. Fluxes in lower glycolysis increased faster than those in upper glycolysis. Glycolysis fluxes rose disproportionally larger and faster than the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with lactate a primary glucose end product. The uncovered array of flux dynamics suggests that glucose catabolism is additionally regulated beyond uptake to help shunt glucose into appropriate pathways. This work demonstrates the value of using dynamic intracellular fluxes to understand metabolic function and pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics, Young Chief Investigator Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Scalzo
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah D Elkington
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Krycer JR, Elkington SD, Diaz-Vegas A, Cooke KC, Burchfield JG, Fisher-Wellman KH, Cooney GJ, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. Mitochondrial oxidants, but not respiration, are sensitive to glucose in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:99-110. [PMID: 31744882 PMCID: PMC6952605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin action in adipose tissue is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis, with insulin resistance being a major risk factor for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have proposed mitochondrial oxidants as a unifying driver of adipose insulin resistance, serving as a signal of nutrient excess. However, neither the substrates for nor sites of oxidant production are known. Because insulin stimulates glucose utilization, we hypothesized that glucose oxidation would fuel respiration, in turn generating mitochondrial oxidants. This would impair insulin action, limiting further glucose uptake in a negative feedback loop of "glucose-dependent" insulin resistance. Using primary rat adipocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we observed that insulin increased respiration, but notably this occurred independently of glucose supply. In contrast, glucose was required for insulin to increase mitochondrial oxidants. Despite rising to similar levels as when treated with other agents that cause insulin resistance, glucose-dependent mitochondrial oxidants failed to cause insulin resistance. Subsequent studies revealed a temporal relationship whereby mitochondrial oxidants needed to increase before the insulin stimulus to induce insulin resistance. Together, these data reveal that (a) adipocyte respiration is principally fueled from nonglucose sources; (b) there is a disconnect between respiration and oxidative stress, whereby mitochondrial oxidant levels do not rise with increased respiration unless glucose is present; and (c) mitochondrial oxidative stress must precede the insulin stimulus to cause insulin resistance, explaining why short-term, insulin-dependent glucose utilization does not promote insulin resistance. These data provide additional clues to mechanistically link nutrient excess to adipose insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah D Elkington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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43
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The emerging roles of lactate as a redox substrate and signaling molecule in adipose tissues. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:241-250. [PMID: 31898016 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic (brown and beige) adipose tissues improve glucose and lipid homeostasis and therefore represent putative targets to cure obesity and related metabolic diseases including type II diabetes. Beside decades of research and the very well-described role of noradrenergic signaling, mechanisms underlying adipocytes plasticity and activation of thermogenic adipose tissues remain incompletely understood. Recent studies show that metabolites such as lactate control the oxidative capacity of thermogenic adipose tissues. Long time viewed as a metabolic waste product, lactate is now considered as an important metabolic substrate largely feeding the oxidative metabolism of many tissues, acting as a signaling molecule and as an inter-cellular and inter-tissular redox carrier. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent findings highlighting the importance of lactate in adipose tissues, from its production to its role as a browning inducer and its metabolic links with brown adipose tissue. We also discuss additional function(s) than thermogenesis ensured by brown and beige adipose tissues, i.e., their ability to dissipate high redox pressure and oxidative stress thanks to the activity of the uncoupling protein-1, helping to maintain tissue and whole organism redox homeostasis and integrity.
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