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Rahman MA, Amirkhani A, Mempin M, Ahn SB, Deva AK, Baker MS, Vickery K, Hu H. The Low-Abundance Plasma Proteome Reveals Differentially Abundant Proteins Associated with Breast Implant Capsular Contracture: A Pilot Study. Proteomes 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 39189262 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsular contracture (CC) is one of the most common postoperative complications associated with breast implant-associated infections. The mechanisms that lead to CC remain poorly understood. Plasma is an ideal biospecimen for early proteomics biomarker discovery. However, as high-abundance proteins mask signals from low-abundance proteins, identifying novel or specific proteins as biomarkers for a particular disease has been hampered. Here, we employed depletion of high-abundance plasma proteins followed by Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics to compare 10 healthy control patients against 10 breast implant CC patients. A total of 450 proteins were identified from these samples. Among them, 16 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in which 5 proteins were upregulated and 11 downregulated in breast implant CC patients compared to healthy controls. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that proteins related to cell, cellular processes and catalytic activity were highest in the cellular component, biological process, and molecular function categories, respectively. Further, pathway analysis revealed that inflammatory responses, focal adhesion, platelet activation, and complement and coagulation cascades were enriched pathways. The differentially abundant proteins from TMT-based quantitative proteomics have the potential to provide important information for future mechanistic studies and in the development of breast implant CC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arifur Rahman
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Maria Mempin
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anand K Deva
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Karen Vickery
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Honghua Hu
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321016, China
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2
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Cai Q, Yang J, Shen H, Xu W. Cancer-associated adipocytes in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3259-3279. [PMID: 39113876 PMCID: PMC11301307 DOI: 10.62347/xzri9189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in high energy metabolism during tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. Among them, adipocytes, as an important component of the TME, can transform into cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) through dedifferentiation via interactions with tumor cells. These CAAs provide nutrients, growth factors, cytokines and metabolites to the tumor and later transdifferentiate into other stromal cells at a later stage to alter tumor growth, metastasis and the drug response and ultimately influence the treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer. This review outlines the physiological functions of CAAs and discusses the progress in the use of CAAs as therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Cai
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Ruppert Z, Neuperger P, Rákóczi B, Gémes N, Dukay B, Hajdu P, Péter M, Balogh G, Tiszlavicz L, Vígh L, Török Z, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ, Tóth ME. Characterization of obesity-related diseases and inflammation using single cell immunophenotyping in two different diet-induced obesity models. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01584-6. [PMID: 39004641 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. The accumulation of adipose tissue leads to the release of significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, resulting in a low-grade systemic inflammation. However, the mechanisms behind the development of obesity-related diseases are not fully understood. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the pathological changes and inflammatory processes at systemic level and in individual organs in two different diet-induced mouse obesity models. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice were fed by high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD + FR) or normal chow for 21 weeks starting at 3 months of age (n = 15 animals/group). Insulin resistance was tested by oral glucose tolerance test. Pathological changes were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin-stained liver and brown adipose tissue sections. The gene expression levels of adipokines and cytokines were analyzed by qPCR in adipose tissues, whereas serum protein concentrations were determined by multiplex immunoassays. Immunophenotyping of isolated blood, bone marrow and spleen cells was performed by single-cell mass cytometry. RESULTS Weight gain, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis were more severe in the HFD + FR group than in the control and HFD groups. This was accompanied by a higher level of systemic inflammation, as indicated by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes in visceral white adipose tissue and by a higher serum TNFα level. In addition, immunophenotyping revealed the increase of the surface expressions of CD44 and CD69 on various cell types, such as CD8+ and CD4 + T-cells, B-cells and macrophages, in animals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The combination of HFD with fructose supplementation promotes more properly the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the combined high-fat/high-fructose nutrition can be a more suitable model of the Western diet. However, despite these differences, both models showed immunophenotypic changes that may be associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Ruppert
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Rákóczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dukay
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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4
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Luengo-Pérez LM, Fernández-Bueso M, Guzmán-Carmona C, López-Navia A, García-Lobato C. Morphofunctional Assessment beyond Malnutrition: Fat Mass Assessment in Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria-Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1833. [PMID: 38931188 PMCID: PMC11206948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphofunctional assessment was developed to evaluate disease-related malnutrition. However, it can also be used to assess cardiometabolic risk, as excess adiposity increases this risk. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent inherited metabolic disease among adults, and obesity in PKU has recently gained interest, although fat mass correlates better with cardiometabolic risk than body mass index. In this systematic review, the objective was to assess whether adult patients with PKU have higher fat mass than healthy controls. Studies of adult PKU patients undergoing dietary treatment in a metabolic clinic reporting fat mass were included. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. Relevance of articles, data collection, and risk of bias were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Ten articles were evaluated, six with a control group, including 310 subjects with PKU, 62 with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and 157 controls. One study reported a significant and four a tendency towards an increased fat mass in all patients or only females with PKU. Limitations included not having a healthy control group, not reporting sex-specific results and using different techniques to assess fat mass. Evaluation of fat mass should be included in the morphofunctional assessment of cardiometabolic risk in adult patients with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Luengo-Pérez
- Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Bueso
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Carlos Guzmán-Carmona
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena Hospital Complex, 06400 Don Benito, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (A.L.-N.)
| | - Ana López-Navia
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena Hospital Complex, 06400 Don Benito, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (A.L.-N.)
| | - Claudia García-Lobato
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (C.G.-L.)
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5
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Marková I, Hüttl M, Miklánková D, Šedová L, Šeda O, Malínská H. The Effect of Ovariectomy and Estradiol Substitution on the Metabolic Parameters and Transcriptomic Profile of Adipose Tissue in a Prediabetic Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38929066 PMCID: PMC11200657 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause brings about profound physiological changes, including the acceleration of insulin resistance and other abnormalities, in which adipose tissue can play a significant role. This study analyzed the effect of ovariectomy and estradiol substitution on the metabolic parameters and transcriptomic profile of adipose tissue in prediabetic females of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTgs). The HHTgs underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (SHAM), and half of the OVX group received 17β-estradiol (OVX+E2) post-surgery. Ovariectomy resulted in weight gain, an impaired glucose tolerance, ectopic triglyceride (TG) deposition, and insulin resistance exemplified by impaired glycogenesis and lipogenesis. Estradiol alleviated some of the disorders associated with ovariectomy; in particular, it improved insulin sensitivity and reduced TG deposition. A transcriptomic analysis of perimetrial adipose tissue revealed 809 differentially expressed transcripts in the OVX vs. SHAM groups, mostly pertaining to the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and oxidative stress. Estradiol substitution affected 1049 transcripts with overrepresentation in the signaling pathways of lipid metabolism. The principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses of transcriptome shifts corroborated the metabolic data, showing a closer resemblance between the OVX+E2 and SHAM groups compared to the OVX group. Changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome may contribute to metabolic abnormalities accompanying ovariectomy-induced menopause in HHTg females. Estradiol substitution may partially mitigate some of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Marková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.Š.); (O.Š.)
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.Š.); (O.Š.)
| | - Hana Malínská
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
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Dondero K, Friedman B, Rekant J, Landers‐Ramos R, Addison O. The effects of myosteatosis on skeletal muscle function in older adults. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16042. [PMID: 38705872 PMCID: PMC11070439 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosteatosis, or the infiltration of fatty deposits into skeletal muscle, occurs with advancing age and contributes to the health and functional decline of older adults. Myosteatosis and its inflammatory milieu play a larger role in adipose tissue dysfunction, muscle tissue dysfunction, and increased passive muscle stiffness. Combined with the age-related decline of sex hormones and development of anabolic resistance, myosteatosis also contributes to insulin resistance, impaired muscle mechanics, loss of force production from the muscle, and increased risk of chronic disease. Due to its highly inflammatory secretome and the downstream negative effects on muscle metabolism and mechanics, myosteatosis has become an area of interest for aging researchers and clinicians. Thus far, myosteatosis treatments have had limited success, as many lack the potency to completely rescue the metabolic and physical consequences of myosteatosis. Future research is encouraged for the development of reliable assessment methods for myosteatosis, as well as the continued exploration of pharmacological, nutritional, and exercise-related interventions that may lead to the success in attenuating myosteatosis and its clinical consequences within the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Dondero
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of KinesiologyTowson UniversityTowsonMarylandUSA
| | - Ben Friedman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julie Rekant
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterBaltimore Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterBaltimore Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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7
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Aleman J, Ravikumar K, Wiegand C, Schurdak ME, Vernetti L, Gavlock D, Reese C, DeBiasio R, LaRocca G, Angarita YD, Gough A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Behari J, Yechoor V, Miedel MT, Stern AM, Banerjee I, Taylor DL. A metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver acinus biomimetic induces pancreatic islet dysfunction in a coupled microphysiology system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590598. [PMID: 38712135 PMCID: PMC11071380 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance is a primary defect that predisposes to dysfunction in pancreatic islets, implicating a perturbed liver-pancreas axis underlying the comorbidity of T2DM and MASLD. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed a human biomimetic microphysiological system (MPS) coupling our vascularized liver acinus MPS (vLAMPS) with primary islets on a chip (PANIS) enabling MASLD progression and islet dysfunction to be quantitatively assessed. The modular design of this system (vLAMPS-PANIS) allows intra-organ and inter-organ dysregulation to be deconvoluted. When compared to normal fasting (NF) conditions, under early metabolic syndrome (EMS) conditions, the standalone vLAMPS exhibited characteristics of early stage MASLD, while no significant differences were observed in the standalone PANIS. In contrast, with EMS, the coupled vLAMPS-PANIS exhibited a perturbed islet-specific secretome and a significantly dysregulated glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) response implicating direct signaling from the dysregulated liver acinus to the islets. Correlations between several pairs of a vLAMPS-derived and a PANIS-derived secreted factors were significantly altered under EMS, as compared to NF conditions, mechanistically connecting MASLD and T2DM associated hepatic factors with islet-derived GLP-1 synthesis and regulation. Since vLAMPS-PANIS is compatible with patient-specific iPSCs, this platform represents an important step towards addressing patient heterogeneity, identifying complex disease mechanisms, and advancing precision medicine.
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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9
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Vásquez E, Kuniholm MH, Appleton AA, Rubin LH, Adimora AA, Fischl MA, Fox E, Mack WJ, Holman S, Moran CA, Minkoff H, Plankey MW, Sharma A, Tien PC, Weber KM, Gustafson DR. Midlife body mass index, central adiposity and neuropsychological performance over 10 years in women living with and without HIV. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1108313. [PMID: 37484940 PMCID: PMC10361616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Observations of overweight and obesity in association with neuropsychological performance (NP) vary over the adult life course depending on baseline levels, biological sex, age, race, temporality of measurements, and other factors. Therefore, similar published analyses across cohorts are inconsistent. In our sample of women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV (WWOH), we conducted comparable analyses as those published in men with and without HIV. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and NP. Methods Four hundred thirty two 432 virologically-suppressed WLWH and 367 WWOH, ≥40 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with anthropometry and NP assessments every two years from 2009-2019 were included in the study. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory, and motor function. Multivariable linear regression models stratified by HIV status were used to examine cross-sectional associations of BMI and WC by NP domain; repeated measures analyses assessed baseline BMI and WC in association with longitudinal change in NP. Covariates included sociodemographic, behavioral, and HIV-related characteristics. Results At baseline among all women, the median age was 45 years, 65% were Non-Latinx Black women, and 45% were obese women. Obese WLWH (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2) had poorer executive function (β=-2.27, 95%CI [-4.46, -0.07]) versus WLWH with healthy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Longitudinally over ~8 years, obese versus overweight WWOH improved on memory (β=2.19, 95%CI [0.13, 4.26]), however overweight versus healthy WWOH experienced declining memory (β= -2.67, 95%CI [-5.40, -0.07]). Increasing WC was associated with declining executive, processing speed, and motor function (p's<0.05); an at-risk WC was associated with improved memory (β=1.81, 95%CI [0.19, 3.44]) among WWOH. Among WLWH, increasing BMI was associated with improved learning (β=0.07, 95%CI [0.00, 0.15]. Conclusion Our cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses evaluating the associations of BMI and WC and NP were mixed compared to previous reports. This illustrates the importance of sociodemographic characteristics, baseline levels of exposures and outcomes, HIV status, temporality of measurements, and other factors when evaluating aging HIV epidemiology study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vásquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mark H. Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ada A. Adimora
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Margaret A. Fischl
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holman
- Department of Medicine/STAR Program, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin Anne Moran
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Grady Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Program, Atlanta, United States
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Michael W. Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deborah R. Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Leo S, Tremoli E, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Secretome on Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1653. [PMID: 37371748 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with the inflamed and defective adipose tissue (AT) phenotype, and are established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived lipid membrane vesicles involved in the onset and development of many pathologies, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and CVDs. The inflammation associated with overweight and obesity triggers the transition of the AT secretome from healthy to pathological, with a consequent increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a specialized fat depot that surrounds the heart, in direct contact with the myocardium. Recently, the role of EAT in regulating the physiopathology of many heart diseases has been increasingly explored. In particular, the EAT phenotype and derived EVs have been associated with the onset and exacerbation of CVDs. In this review, we will focus on the role of the AT secretome in the case of CVDs, and will discuss the beneficial effects of EVs released by AT as promising therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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11
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El-Hattab MY, Sinclair N, Liszewski JN, Schrodt MV, Herrmann J, Klingelhutz AJ, Sander EA, Ankrum JA. Native adiponectin plays a role in the adipocyte-mediated conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230004. [PMID: 37132228 PMCID: PMC10154927 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes regulate tissues through production of adipokines that can act both locally and systemically. Adipocytes also have been found to play a critical role in regulating the healing process. To better understand this role, we developed a three-dimensional human adipocyte spheroid system that has an adipokine profile similar to in vivo adipose tissues. Previously, we found that conditioned medium from these spheroids induces human dermal fibroblast conversion into highly contractile, collagen-producing myofibroblasts through a transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) independent pathway. Here, we sought to identify how mature adipocytes signal to dermal fibroblasts through adipokines to induce myofibroblast conversion. By using molecular weight fractionation, heat inactivation and lipid depletion, we determined mature adipocytes secrete a factor that is 30-100 kDa, heat labile and lipid associated that induces myofibroblast conversion. We also show that the depletion of the adipokine adiponectin, which fits those physico-chemical parameters, eliminates the ability of adipocyte-conditioned media to induce fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion. Interestingly, native adiponectin secreted by cultured adipocytes consistently elicited a stronger level of α-smooth muscle actin expression than exogenously added adiponectin. Thus, adiponectin secreted by mature adipocytes induces fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion and may lead to a phenotype of myofibroblasts distinct from TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Y. El-Hattab
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Noah Sinclair
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jesse N. Liszewski
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael V. Schrodt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City 52242, IA, USA
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12
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Picard B, Cougoul A, Couvreur S, Bonnet M. Relationships between the abundance of 29 proteins and several meat or carcass quality traits in two bovine muscles revealed by a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses. J Proteomics 2023; 273:104792. [PMID: 36535620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the relationships between meat or carcass properties and the abundance of 29 proteins quantified in two muscles, Longissimus thoracis and Rectus abdominis, of Rouge des Prés cows. The relative abundance of the proteins was evaluated using a high throughput immunological method: the Reverse Phase Protein array. A combination of univariate and multivariate analyses has shown that small HSPs (CRYAB, HSPB6), fast glycolytic metabolic and structural proteins (MYH1, ENO3, ENO1, TPI1) when assayed both in RA and LT, were related to meat tenderness, marbling, ultimate pH, as well as carcass fat-to-lean ratio or conformation score. In addition to some small HSP, ALDH1A1 and TRIM72 contributed to the molecular signature of muscular and carcass adiposity. MYH1 and HSPA1A were among the top proteins related to carcass traits. We thus shortened the list to 10 putative biomarkers to be considered in future tools to manage both meat and carcass properties. SIGNIFICANCE: In three aspects this manuscript is notable. First, this is the first proteomics study that aims to evaluate putative biomarkers of both meat and carcass qualities that are of economic importance for the beef industry. Second, the relationship between the abundance of proteins and the carcass or meat traits were evaluated by a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses on 48 cows that are representative of the biological variability of the traits. Third, we provide a short list of ten proteins to be tested in a larger population to feed the pipeline of biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Picard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Arnaud Cougoul
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sébastien Couvreur
- École Supérieure d'Agricultures, USC ESA-INRAE 1481 Systèmes d'Elevage, 55 rue Rabelais - BP 30748 - 49007 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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13
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Feng Y, Cui Z, Lu X, Gong H, Liu X, Wang H, Cheng H, Gao H, Shi X, Li Y, Ye H, Zhang Q, Kong X. Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041047. [PMID: 36839405 PMCID: PMC9966723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Precision Medicine Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
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14
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Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC, Brennan AM, Sparks LM. Intermuscular adipose tissue in metabolic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 19:285-298. [PMID: 36564490 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a distinct adipose depot described in early reports as a 'fatty replacement' or 'muscle fat infiltration' that was linked to ageing and neuromuscular disease. Later studies quantifying IMAT with modern in vivo imaging methods (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) revealed that IMAT is proportionately higher in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome than in people without these conditions and is associated with insulin resistance and poor physical function with ageing. In parallel, agricultural research has provided extensive insight into the role of IMAT and other muscle lipids in muscle (that is, meat) quality. In addition, studies using rodent models have shown that IMAT is a bona fide white adipose tissue depot capable of robust triglyceride storage and turnover. Insight into the importance of IMAT in human biology has been limited by the dearth of studies on its biological properties, that is, the quality of IMAT. However, in the past few years, investigations have begun to determine that IMAT has molecular and metabolic features that distinguish it from other adipose tissue depots. These studies will be critical to further decipher the role of IMAT in health and disease and to better understand its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea M Brennan
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
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15
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Scamfer SR, Lee MD, Hilgendorf KI. Ciliary control of adipocyte progenitor cell fate regulates energy storage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083372. [PMID: 36561368 PMCID: PMC9763467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular sensory organelle found in most cells in our body. This includes adipocyte progenitor cells in our adipose tissue, a complex organ involved in energy storage, endocrine signaling, and thermogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that the primary cilium plays a critical role in directing the cell fate of adipocyte progenitor cells in multiple adipose tissue types. Accordingly, diseases with dysfunctional cilia called ciliopathies have a broad range of clinical manifestations, including obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the primary cilium regulates adipocyte progenitor cell fate in multiple contexts and illustrates the importance of the primary cilium in regulating energy storage and adipose tissue function.
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16
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Correale J, Marrodan M. Multiple sclerosis and obesity: The role of adipokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038393. [PMID: 36457996 PMCID: PMC9705772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration has been associated with various environmental and lifestyle factors. Population-based studies have provided evidence showing the prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide. Because a similar trend has been observed for obesity and metabolic syndrome, interest has grown in possible underlying biological mechanisms shared by both conditions. Adipokines, a family of soluble factors produced by adipose tissue that participate in a wide range of biological functions, contribute to a low state of chronic inflammation observed in obesity, and influence immune function, metabolism, and nutritional state. In this review, we aim to describe epidemiological and biological factors common to MS and obesity, as well as provide an update on current knowledge of how different pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines participate as immune response mediators in MS, as well as in the animal model for MS, namely, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Although its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, there is considerable evidence to suggest MS arises from complex interactions between individual genetic susceptibility and external environmental factors. In recent decades, population-based studies have provided evidence indicating the prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide, in parallel with the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome. This synchronous increment in the incidence of both MS and obesity has led to a search for potential biological mechanisms linking both conditions. Notably, a large number of studies have established significant correlation between obesity and higher prevalence, or worse prognosis, of several immune-mediated conditions. Fat tissue has been found to produce a variety of soluble factors named adipokines. These mediators, secreted by both adipocytes as well as diverse immune cells, participate in a wide range of biological functions, further strengthening the concept of a link between immune function, metabolism, and nutritional state. Because obesity causes overproduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines (namely leptin, resistin and visfatin) and reduction of anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin and apelin), adipose tissue dysregulation would appear to contribute to a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation favoring the development of disease. In this review, we present a summary of current knowledge related to the pathological effects of different adipokines, prevalent in obese MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Choi CHJ, Barr W, Zaman S, Model C, Park A, Koenen M, Lin Z, Szwed SK, Marchildon F, Crane A, Carroll TS, Molina H, Cohen P. LRG1 is an adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses inflammation. eLife 2022; 11:e81559. [PMID: 36346018 PMCID: PMC9674348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While dysregulation of adipocyte endocrine function plays a central role in obesity and its complications, the vast majority of adipokines remain uncharacterized. We employed bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and mass spectrometry to comprehensively characterize the secretome of murine visceral and subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adip ocytes. Over 600 proteins were identified, the majority of which showed cell type-specific enrichment. We here describe a metabolic role for leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-regulated adipokine secreted by mature adipocytes. LRG1 overexpression significantly improved glucose homeostasis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. This was associated with markedly reduced white adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, we found LRG1 binds cytochrome c in circulation to dampen its pro-inflammatory effect. These data support a new role for LRG1 as an insulin sensitizer with therapeutic potential given its immunomodulatory function at the nexus of obesity, inflammation, and associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee J Choi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - William Barr
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Samir Zaman
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Corey Model
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zeran Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sarah K Szwed
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Francois Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Audrey Crane
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resouce Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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18
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Kahn D, Macias E, Zarini S, Garfield A, Zemski Berry K, Gerszten R, Schoen J, Cree‐Green M, Bergman BC. Quantifying the inflammatory secretome of human intermuscular adipose tissue. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15424. [PMID: 35980018 PMCID: PMC9387112 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes an abundance of lipid and protein mediators, and this secretome is depot-specific, with local and systemic effects on metabolic regulation. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulates within the skeletal muscle compartment in obesity, and is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. While the human IMAT secretome decreases insulin sensitivity in vitro, its composition is entirely unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate the composition of the human IMAT secretome, compared to that of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depots. IMAT, SAT, and VAT explants from individuals with obesity were used to generate conditioned media. Proteomics analysis of conditioned media was performed using multiplex proximity extension assays, and eicosanoid analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared to SAT and/or VAT, IMAT secreted significantly more cytokines (IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, IL27, FGF23, IFNγ and CSF1) and chemokines (MCP1, IL8, CCL11, CCL20, CCL25 and CCL27). Adipokines hepatocyte growth factor and resistin were secreted significantly more by IMAT than SAT or VAT. IMAT secreted significantly more eicosanoids (PGE2, TXB2 , 5-HETE, and 12-HETE) compared to SAT and/or VAT. In the context of obesity, IMAT is a distinct adipose tissue with a highly immunogenic and inflammatory secretome, and given its proximity to skeletal muscle, may be critical to glucose regulation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Emily Macias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Simona Zarini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Amanda Garfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Robert Gerszten
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA
| | - Jonathan Schoen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Melanie Cree‐Green
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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19
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Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071754. [PMID: 35885059 PMCID: PMC9313312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special type of ectopic fat depot that adheres to most vasculatures. PVAT has been shown to exert anticontractile effects on the blood vessels and confers protective effects against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. PVAT plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis via secreting adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; also known as NOS3 or NOSIII) is well-known for its role in the generation of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO). eNOS is primarily expressed, but not exclusively, in endothelial cells, while recent studies have identified its expression in both adipocytes and endothelial cells of PVAT. PVAT eNOS is an important player in the protective role of PVAT. Different studies have demonstrated that, under obesity-linked metabolic diseases, PVAT eNOS may be even more important than endothelium eNOS in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction, which may be attributed to certain PVAT eNOS-specific functions. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of eNOS expression in PVAT, its function under both physiological and pathological conditions and listed out a few pharmacological interventions of interest that target eNOS in PVAT.
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20
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Grasso P. Harnessing the Power of Leptin: The Biochemical Link Connecting Obesity, Diabetes, and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:861350. [PMID: 35527735 PMCID: PMC9072663 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.861350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the current understanding of leptin’s role in energy balance, glycemic regulation, and cognitive function is examined, and its involvement in maintaining the homeostatic “harmony” of these physiologies is explored. The effects of exercise on circulating leptin levels are summarized, and the results of clinical application of leptin to metabolic disease and neurologic dysfunction are reviewed. Finally, pre-clinical evidence is presented which suggests that synthetic peptide leptin mimetics may be useful in resolving not only the leptin resistance associated with common obesity and other elements of metabolic syndrome, but also the peripheral insulin resistance characterizing type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the central insulin resistance associated with certain neurologic deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Grasso
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia Grasso,
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21
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Shroff T, Aina K, Maass C, Cipriano M, Lambrecht J, Tacke F, Mosig A, Loskill P. Studying metabolism with multi-organ chips: new tools for disease modelling, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Open Biol 2022; 12:210333. [PMID: 35232251 PMCID: PMC8889168 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-clinical models to study metabolism including animal models and cell assays are often limited in terms of species translatability and predictability of human biology. This field urgently requires a push towards more physiologically accurate recapitulations of drug interactions and disease progression in the body. Organ-on-chip systems, specifically multi-organ chips (MOCs), are an emerging technology that is well suited to providing a species-specific platform to study the various types of metabolism (glucose, lipid, protein and drug) by recreating organ-level function. This review provides a resource for scientists aiming to study human metabolism by providing an overview of MOCs recapitulating aspects of metabolism, by addressing the technical aspects of MOC development and by providing guidelines for correlation with in silico models. The current state and challenges are presented for two application areas: (i) disease modelling and (ii) pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Additionally, the guidelines to integrate the MOC data into in silico models could strengthen the predictive power of the technology. Finally, the translational aspects of metabolizing MOCs are addressed, including adoption for personalized medicine and prospects for the clinic. Predictive MOCs could enable a significantly reduced dependence on animal models and open doors towards economical non-clinical testing and understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shroff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kehinde Aina
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany,3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, Tu T, Liu N, Bai F, Xiao Y, Liu C, Hu Z, Lin Q, Li M, Ning Z, Zhou Y, Mao X, Liu Q. Associations of Visceral Adipose Tissue, Circulating Protein Biomarkers, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840866. [PMID: 35186940 PMCID: PMC8850399 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the genetic associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass with metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and to construct a network analysis about the underlying mechanism using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods and Results: Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted the two-sample MR to assess the effects of VAT mass on 10 metabolic risk factors and 53 CVD endpoints. Genetically predicted VAT mass was associated with metabolic risk factors, including triglyceride (odds ratio, OR, 1.263 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.203–1.326]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.719 [95% CI, 0.678–0.763]), type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.397 [95% CI, 1.965–2.923]), fasting glucose (OR, 1.079 [95% CI, 1.046–1.113]), fasting insulin (OR, 1.194 [95% CI, 1.16–1.229]), and insulin resistance (OR, 1.204 [95% CI, 1.16–1.25]). Genetically predicted VAT mass was associated with CVD endpoints, including atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.414 [95% CI, 1.332 = 1.5]), coronary artery disease (OR, 1.573 [95% CI, 1.439 = 1.72]), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.633 [95% CI, 1.484 =1.796]), heart failure (OR, 1.711 [95% CI, 1.599–1.832]), any stroke (OR, 1.29 [1.193–1.394]), ischemic stroke (OR, 1.292 [1.189–1.404]), large artery stroke (OR, 1.483 [1.206–1.823]), cardioembolic stroke (OR, 1.261 [1.096–1.452]), and intracranial aneurysm (OR, 1.475 [1.235–1.762]). In the FinnGen study, the relevance of VAT mass to coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiac arrhythmia, vascular diseases, hypertensive heart disease, and cardiac death was found. In network analysis to identify the underlying mechanism between VAT and CVDs, VAT mass was positively associated with 23 cardiovascular-related proteins (e.g., Leptin, Hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-16), and inversely with 6 proteins (e.g., Galanin peptides, Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1). These proteins were further associated with 32 CVD outcomes. Conclusion: Mendelian randomization analysis has shown that VAT mass was associated with a wide range of CVD outcomes including coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, vascular diseases, and stroke. A few circulating proteins may be the mediators between VAT and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of International Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengang Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuzhen Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuodong Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiquan Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Liu, ; Xiquan Mao,
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Liu, ; Xiquan Mao,
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Sinitsky MY, Dyleva YA, Uchasova EG, Belik EV, Yuzhalin AE, Gruzdeva OV, Matveeva VG, Ponasenko AV. Adipokine gene expression in adipocytes isolated from different fat depots of coronary artery disease patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:261-269. [PMID: 31595792 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1674338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To compare DPP4, LCN2, NAMPT, ITLN1, APLN mRNA levels in adipocytes isolated from the biopsies of subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular fat obtained from 25 patients with coronary artery disease. Gene expression signature was determined by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. We found DPP4 and APLN mRNA was higher expressed only in adipocytes isolated from epicardial adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous fat. The ITLN1 gene was overexpressed in epicardial adipose tissue compared to both subcutaneous and perivascular tissues. APLN mRNA expression was positively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol plasma level, and DPP4 mRNA expression - with VLDL cholesterol concentration. Thus, adipocytes isolated from different adipose depots are characterised by differential gene expression of adipokines. Epicardial adipose tissue is of particular interest in the context of its function, molecular and genetic mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system and as a therapeutic target for correction of adipose tissue-induced effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Yu Sinitsky
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Dyleva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenya G Uchasova
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Belik
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Laboratory of Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Gruzdeva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vera G Matveeva
- Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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24
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Gruzdeva OV, Dyleva YA, Belik EV, Sinitsky MY, Stasev AN, Kokov AN, Brel NK, Krivkina EO, Bychkova EE, Tarasov RS, Barbarash OL. Relationship between Epicardial and Coronary Adipose Tissue and the Expression of Adiponectin, Leptin, and Interleukin 6 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020129. [PMID: 35207618 PMCID: PMC8877574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine and paracrine organ that synthesizes biologically active adipocytokines, which affect inflammation, fibrosis, and atherogenesis. Epicardial and perivascular fat depots are of great interest to researchers, owing to their potential effects on the myocardium and blood vessels. The aim of the study was to assess the expression and secretion of adipocytokine genes in the AT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. This study included 84 patients with CAD and 50 patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement. Adipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous, epicardial (EAT), and perivascular AT (PVAT), and were cultured for 24 h. EAT exhibited the lowest level of adiponectin gene expression and secretion, regardless of nosology, and high expression levels of the leptin gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, EAT adipocytes in patients with CAD were characterized by more pronounced changes in comparison with the group with heart defects. High leptin and IL-6 levels resulted in increased pro-inflammatory activity, as observed in both EAT and PVAT adipocytes, especially in individuals with CAD. Therefore, our results revealed the pathogenetic significance of alterations in the adipokine and cytokine status of adipocytes of EAT and PVAT in patients with CAD.
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25
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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26
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Liu Z, Wang M, Zhang C, Zhou S, Ji G. Molecular Functions of Ceruloplasmin in Metabolic Disease Pathology. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:695-711. [PMID: 35264864 PMCID: PMC8901420 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s346648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multicopper oxidase and antioxidant that is mainly produced in the liver. CP not only plays a crucial role in the metabolic balance of copper and iron through its oxidase function but also exhibits antioxidant activity. In addition, CP is an acute-phase protein. In addition to being associated with aceruloplasminemia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, CP also plays an important role in metabolic diseases, which are caused by metabolic disorders and vigorous metabolism, mainly including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, etc. Based on the physiological functions of CP, we provide an overview of the association of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, CP oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism of copper and iron. Studies have shown that metabolic diseases are closely related to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of copper and iron metabolism. Therefore, we conclude that CP, which can reduce the formation of free radicals in tissues, can be induced during inflammation and infection, and can correct the metabolic disorder of copper and iron, has protective and diagnostic effects on metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shigao Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guang Ji, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18156416071, Fax +86 21-64385700, Email
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27
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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28
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Wang L, Zhang H, Wang S, Chen X, Su J. Bone Marrow Adipocytes: A Critical Player in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:770705. [PMID: 34912805 PMCID: PMC8667222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognized for nearly 100 years, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) form bone marrow niches that contain hematopoietic and bone cells, the roles of which have long been underestimated. Distinct from canonical white, brown, and beige adipocytes, BMAs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells possess unique characteristics and functions. Recent single-cell sequencing studies have revealed the differentiation pathway, and seminal works support the tenet that BMAs are critical regulators in hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. In this review, we discuss the origin and differentiation of BMAs, as well as the roles of BMAs in hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and immune regulation. Overall, BMAs represent a novel target for bone marrow-related diseases, including osteoporosis and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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29
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de Alencar AKN, Wang H, de Oliveira GMM, Sun X, Zapata-Sudo G, Groban L. Crossroads between Estrogen Loss, Obesity, and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:1191-1201. [PMID: 34644788 PMCID: PMC8757160 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases significantly in postmenopausal women. Although obesity is a risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), the mechanisms that link the cessation of ovarian hormone production, and particularly estrogens, to the development of obesity, LVDD, and HFpEF in aging females are unclear. Clinical, and epidemiologic studies show that postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity (defined by waist circumference) are at greater risk for developing HFpEF than men or women without abdominal obesity. The study presents a review of clinical data that support a mechanistic link between estrogen loss plus obesity and left ventricular remodeling with LVDD. It also seeks to discuss potential cell and molecular mechanisms for estrogen-mediated protection against adverse adipocyte cell types, tissue depots, function, and metabolism that may contribute to LVDD and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Wang
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
| | - Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroDepartamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de MedicinaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Xuming Sun
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Cardiologia Edson SaadFaculdade de MedicinaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Instituto de Cardiologia Edson Saad, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Leanne Groban
- Wake Forest School of MedicineDepartments of AnesthesiologyWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Departments of Anesthesiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth CarolinaEstados Unidos da AméricaWake Forest School of Medicine - Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina - Estados Unidos da América
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30
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Bravo-Guapisaca MI, Gavidia-Pazmiño JF, Intriago-Morales RV. Adipokines in dental pulp: physiological, pathological, and potential therapeutic roles. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:59-70. [PMID: 34808362 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions-regulating distant organs such as oral tissues-and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications. HIGHLIGHTS The most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation. CONCLUSION Adipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.
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31
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Alghamdi A, Alhotti DZ, Sabico S, Al-Attas OS, Al-Daghri NM. Associations of Perilipin 3 with Insulin Resistance in Arab Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4791915. [PMID: 34765049 PMCID: PMC8577949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4791915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of T2DM has been recognized. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store lipids. Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) is one of the five LD coat proteins that is relatively understudied as compared to other LDs. This study is aimed at determining levels of PLIN3 among adults with varying levels of obesity and insulin resistance to determine metabolic associations of PLIN3. Methodology. A total of 280 Saudi adults (n = 127 males; n = 153 females) were randomly recruited and divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose levels: healthy and lean (HL), obese and T2DM (OD), or obese and nondiabetic (OND). Lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels, insulin, and perilipin 3 levels were measured. RESULTS Circulating PLIN3 was significantly lower in the OD group [8.3 ng/mL (1.2-22.5; p < 0.001)] than the HL group [23.1 ng/mL (6.2-39.1; p < 0.001)]. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were inversely correlated with PLIN3 in all subjects. Lastly, glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol cumulatively predict circulating levels of PLIN3 by as much as 11% of the variances perceived (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating PLIN3 is significantly associated with insulin resistance markers and maybe a promising candidate as a protective biomarker for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Z. Alhotti
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S. Al-Attas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Lin T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Steckler RA, Yang X. Hop2 interacts with the transcription factor CEBPα and suppresses adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101264. [PMID: 34600885 PMCID: PMC8528721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT enhancer binding protein (CEBP) transcription factors (TFs) are known to promote adipocyte differentiation; however, suppressors of CEBP TFs have not been reported thus far. Here, we find that homologous chromosome pairing protein 2 (Hop2) functions as an inhibitor for the TF CEBPα. We found that Hop2 mRNA is highly and specifically expressed in adipose tissue, and that ectopic Hop2 expression suppresses reporter activity induced by CEBP as revealed by DNA transfection. Recombinant and ectopically expressed Hop2 was shown to interact with CEBPα in pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays, and interaction between endogenous Hop2 and CEBPα was observed in the nuclei of 3T3 preadipocytes and adipocytes by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation of nuclear extracts. In addition, Hop2 stable overexpression in 3T3 preadipocytes inhibited adipocyte differentiation and adipocyte marker gene expression. These in vitro data suggest that Hop2 inhibits adipogenesis by suppressing CEBP-mediated transactivation. Consistent with a negative role for Hop2 in adipogenesis, ablation of Hop2 (Hop2-/-) in mice led to increased body weight, adipose volume, adipocyte size, and adipogenic marker gene expression. Adipogenic differentiation of isolated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed a greater number of lipid droplet-containing colonies formed in Hop2-/- adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures than in wt controls, which is associated with the increased expression of adipogenic marker genes. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a higher binding activity of endogenous CEBPα to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a master adipogenic TF, and a known CEBPα target gene. Therefore, our study identifies for the first time that Hop2 is an intrinsic suppressor of CEBPα and thus adipogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rita A Steckler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangli Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
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BMP7 Increases UCP1-Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis with a Unique Gene Expression Program in Human Neck Area Derived Adipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111078. [PMID: 34832860 PMCID: PMC8625022 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes contribute to energy storage, accumulating lipid droplets, whereas brown and beige adipocytes mainly function in dissipating energy as heat primarily via the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) was shown to drive brown adipocyte differentiation in murine interscapular adipose tissue. Here, we performed global RNA-sequencing and functional assays on adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous (SC) and deep-neck (DN) depots of human neck and differentiated with or without BMP7. We found that BMP7 did not influence differentiation but upregulated browning markers, including UCP1 mRNA and protein in SC and DN derived adipocytes. BMP7 also enhanced mitochondrial DNA content, levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, along with PGC1α and p-CREB upregulation, and fragmentation of mitochondria. Furthermore, both UCP1-dependent proton leak and UCP1-independent, creatine-driven substrate cycle coupled thermogenesis were augmented upon BMP7 addition. The gene expression analysis also shed light on the possible role of genes unrelated to thermogenesis thus far, including ACAN, CRYAB, and ID1, which were among the highest upregulated ones by BMP7 treatment in both types of adipocytes. Together, our study shows that BMP7 strongly upregulates thermogenesis in human neck area derived adipocytes, along with genes, which might have a supporting role in energy expenditure.
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Ung CY, Onoufriadis A, Parsons M, McGrath JA, Shaw TJ. Metabolic perturbations in fibrosis disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106073. [PMID: 34461262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes occur in all forms of disease but their impact on fibrosis is a relatively recent area of interest. This review provides an overview of the major metabolic pathways, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and highlights how they influence fibrosis at a cellular and tissue level, drawing on key discoveries in dermal, renal, pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis. The emerging influence of adipose tissue-derived cytokines is discussed and brings a link between fibrosis and systemic metabolism. To close, the concept of targeting metabolism for fibrotic therapy is reviewed, drawing on lessons from the more established field of cancer metabolism, with an emphasis on important considerations for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuin Ying Ung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK.
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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The Controversial Role of Adiponectin in Appetite Regulation of Animals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103387. [PMID: 34684387 PMCID: PMC8539471 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders and obesity are important health problems with a widespread global epidemic. Adiponectin (AdipoQ), the most abundant adipokine in the plasma, plays important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Plasma adiponectin concentration is negatively associated with obesity and binge eating disorder. There is a growing interest in the appetite regulation function of adiponectin. However, the effect of AdipoQ on feeding behavior is controversial and closely related to nutritional status and food composition. In this review, we summarize the literatures about the discovery, structure, tissue distribution, receptors and regulation of nutritional status, and focus on the biological function of adiponectin in the regulation of food intake in the central and peripheral system.
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Li J, Shen Y, Tian H, Xie S, Ji Y, Li Z, Lu J, Lu H, Liu B, Liu F. The role of complement factor H in gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 34404360 PMCID: PMC8369714 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement factor H (CFH) has been found to be associated with insulin resistance. This study assessed the correlation between CFH and other clinical parameters, and determined whether CFH played a role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS A total of 397 pregnant women were included for analysis in this nested case-control study. Clinical parameters and serum were collected within the 11-17th gestational age at the first prenatal visit. At 24-28 weeks of gestation, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and subjects were divided into a GDM (n = 80) and a non-GDM control group (n = 317). The delivery data were also followed. The serum CFH level was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS CFH was higher in GDM than in non-GDM controls (280.02 [58.60] vs. 264.20 [68.77]; P = 0.014). CFH level was moderately associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), BMI and total triglycerides (TG), and slightly associated with gestational age, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) in GDM and non-GDM (all P < 0.05). Moreover, CFH level was moderately correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and slightly correlated with age, uric acid (UA) and total bilirubin (TB) in non-GDM (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for clinical confounding factors, BMI, TG, gestational age, ALP, TB, age and UA were independent risk factors for log10 CFH levels (all P < 0.05) in all subjects. In addition, overweight or obese pregnant women, women with hypertriglyceridemia and women in the second trimester had significantly higher CFH levels than normal weight and underweight group (P < 0.001), the non-hypertriglyceridemia group (P < 0.001) and women in the first trimester group (P < 0.05) in all pregnant women respectively. Following binary logistic regression, CFH was not independently associated with GDM and related pregnant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The CFH in 11-17th weeks of gestation might be affected by many factors, including BMI, TG, gestational age, ALP, TB, age and UA. CFH was not an independent risk factor for GDM and avderse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Hairong Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Junxi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jin Shan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Sehgal A, Behl T, Kaur I, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a chief instigator of obesity, contributing to local adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43102-43113. [PMID: 34145545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome activity plays a vital role in various non-microbial disease states correlated with prolonged inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome function and IL-1β formation are augmented in obesity and several obesity-linked metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, cancer, arthritis, and sleep apnea). Also, several factors are associated with the progression of diseases viz. increased plasma glucose, fatty acids, and β-amyloid are augmented during obesity and activate NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Prolonged NLRP3 stimulation seems to play significant role in various disorders, though better knowledge of inflammasome regulation and action might result in improved therapeutic tactics. Numerous compounds that mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome expression and suppress its chief effector, IL-1β are presently studied in clinical phases as therapeutics to manage or prevent these common disorders. A deep research on the literature available till date for inflammasome in obesity was conducted using various medical sites like PubMed, HINARI, MEDLINE from the internet, and data was collected simultaneously. The present review aims to examine the prospects of inflammasome as a major progenitor in the progression of obesity via directing their role in regulating appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
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Adipose-Derived Exosomes as Possible Players in the Development of Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147427. [PMID: 34299048 PMCID: PMC8304687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ involved in the management of energy metabolism via secretion of adipokines, hormones, and recently described secretory microvesicles, i.e., exosomes. Exosomes are rich in possible biologically active factors such as proteins, lipids, and RNA. The secretory function of adipose tissue is affected by pathological processes. One of the most important of these is obesity, which triggers adipose tissue inflammation and adversely affects the release of beneficial adipokines. Both processes may lead to further AT dysfunction, contributing to changes in whole-body metabolism and, subsequently, to insulin resistance. According to recent data, changes within the production, release, and content of exosomes produced by AT may be essential to understand the role of adipose tissue in the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize actual knowledge about the possible role of AT-derived exosomes in the development of insulin resistance, highlighting methodological challenges and potential gains resulting from exosome studies.
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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40
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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41
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Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Droujinine IA, Meyer AS, Wang D, Udeshi ND, Hu Y, Rocco D, McMahon JA, Yang R, Guo J, Mu L, Carey DK, Svinkina T, Zeng R, Branon T, Tabatabai A, Bosch JA, Asara JM, Ting AY, Carr SA, McMahon AP, Perrimon N. Proteomics of protein trafficking by in vivo tissue-specific labeling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2382. [PMID: 33888706 PMCID: PMC8062696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional approaches to identify secreted factors that regulate homeostasis are limited in their abilities to identify the tissues/cells of origin and destination. We established a platform to identify secreted protein trafficking between organs using an engineered biotin ligase (BirA*G3) that biotinylates, promiscuously, proteins in a subcellular compartment of one tissue. Subsequently, biotinylated proteins are affinity-enriched and identified from distal organs using quantitative mass spectrometry. Applying this approach in Drosophila, we identify 51 muscle-secreted proteins from heads and 269 fat body-secreted proteins from legs/muscles, including CG2145 (human ortholog ENDOU) that binds directly to muscles and promotes activity. In addition, in mice, we identify 291 serum proteins secreted from conditional BirA*G3 embryo stem cell-derived teratomas, including low-abundance proteins with hormonal properties. Our findings indicate that the communication network of secreted proteins is vast. This approach has broad potential across different model systems to identify cell-specific secretomes and mediators of interorgan communication in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Amanda S Meyer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rocco
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JinJin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luye Mu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tess Branon
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Areya Tabatabai
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin A Bosch
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Genetics, Biology, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Does C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) Link Obesity to a Pro-Inflammatory State? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031500. [PMID: 33540898 PMCID: PMC7867366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of how obesity contributes to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases are not entirely understood. Obesity is frequently associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by, e.g., adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic fat accumulation, immune cell infiltration, and the altered secretion of adipokines. Factors secreted from adipose tissue may induce and/or maintain a local and systemic low-grade activation of the innate immune system. Attraction of macrophages into adipose tissue and altered crosstalk between macrophages, adipocytes, and other cells of adipose tissue are symptoms of metabolic inflammation. Among several secreted factors attracting immune cells to adipose tissue, chemotactic C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) (also described as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) has been shown to play a crucial role in adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on CCL2 with a focus on its role in linking obesity to cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Wu X, Sakharkar MK, Wabitsch M, Yang J. Effects of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Cell Viability, Differentiation, and Gene Expression of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239284. [PMID: 33291440 PMCID: PMC7730007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a highly potent sphingolipid metabolite, which controls numerous physiological and pathological process via its extracellular and intracellular functions. The breast is mainly composed of epithelial cells (mammary gland) and adipocytes (stroma). Adipocytes play an important role in regulating the normal functions of the breast. Compared to the vast amount studies on breast epithelial cells, the functions of S1P in breast adipocytes are much less known. Thus, in the current study, we used human preadipocyte cell lines SGBS and mouse preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 as in vitro models to evaluate the effects of S1P on cell viability, differentiation, and gene expression in adipocytes. Our results showed that S1P increased cell viability in SGBS and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but moderately reduced cell viability in differentiated SGBS and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. S1P was also shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation of SGBS and 3T3-L1 at concentration higher than 1000 nM. Transcriptome analyses showed that S1P was more influential on gene expression in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, our network analysis in mature adipocytes showed that the upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were related to regulation of lipolysis, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling, alcoholism, and toll-like receptor signaling, whereas the downregulated DEGs were overrepresented in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nuclear receptors pathways. Together previous studies on the functions of S1P in breast epithelial cells, the current study implicated that S1P may play a critical role in modulating the bidirectional regulation of adipocyte-extracellular matrix-epithelial cell axis and maintaining the normal physiological functions of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Wu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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45
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Xiao Y, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Chronic stress and adipose tissue in the anorexic state: endocrine and epigenetic mechanisms. Adipocyte 2020; 9:472-483. [PMID: 32772766 PMCID: PMC7480818 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1803643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adipose tissue metabolism in obesity has been widely studied, there is limited research on the anorexic state, where the endocrine system is disrupted by reduced adipose tissue mass and there are depot-specific changes in adipocyte type and function. Stress exposure at different stages of life can alter the balance between energy intake and expenditure and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. This review integrates information from human clinical trials to describe endocrine, genetic and epigenetic aspects of adipose tissue physiology in the anorexic condition. Changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid, -adrenal, and -gonadal axes and their relationships to appetite regulation and adipocyte function are discussed. Because of the role of stress in triggering or magnifying anorexia, and the dynamic but also persistent nature of environmentally-induced epigenetic modifications, epigenetics is likely the link between stress and long-term changes in the endocrine system that disrupt homoeostatic food intake and adipose tissue metabolism. Herein, we focus on the adipocyte and changes in its function, including alterations reinforced by endocrine disturbance and dysfunctional adipokine regulation. This information is critical because of the poor understanding of anorexic pathophysiology, due to the lack of suitable research models, and the complexity of genetic and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark A. Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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46
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Ren Y, Song S, Liu X, Yang M. Phenotypic changes in the metabolic profile and adiponectin activity during seasonal fattening and hibernation in female Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Integr Zool 2020; 17:297-310. [PMID: 33190391 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal hibernation has provided an opportunity to study animals' phenotypic plasticity in adaptation to changing environment. In the present study focusing on the female Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)-a well demonstrated seasonal hibernator-we examined their behavioral, morphological, and metabolic changes during fattening, hibernation, and emergence. Our data indicated high levels of food intake, fat deposition, and body mass increases during fattening compared to hibernation. The levels of serum glucose and triglycerides were also higher during fattening than during hibernation and emergence. Interestingly, although squirrels showed signs of obesity and elevated triglycerides in serum during fattening, triglyceride levels in the liver and skeletal muscles remained unchanged. Our data also indicated that adiponectin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were different between fattening and hibernation. Levels of adiponectin receptor 1 in the skeletal muscle remained low during fattening but peaked in late hibernation. In contrast, adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver showed a steady increase during fattening, which was followed by a significant decrease at early hibernation. Our data indicate that adiponectin may play an important role in preventing heterotopic fat accumulation in a receptor- and organ-specific manner, as well as in facilitating the switch from glucose metabolism to lipid metabolism during fattening and hibernation in female Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyi Song
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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48
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The NLRP3 inflammasome regulates adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem J 2020; 477:1089-1107. [PMID: 32202638 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue regulates metabolic homeostasis by participating in endocrine and immune responses in addition to storing and releasing lipids from adipocytes. Obesity skews adipose tissue adipokine responses and degrades the coordination of adipocyte lipogenesis and lipolysis. These defects in adipose tissue metabolism can promote ectopic lipid deposition and inflammation in insulin-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver. Sustained caloric excess can expand white adipose tissue to a point of maladaptation exacerbating both local and systemic inflammation. Multiple sources, instigators and propagators of adipose tissue inflammation occur during obesity. Cross-talk between professional immune cells (i.e. macrophages) and metabolic cells (i.e. adipocytes) promote adipose tissue inflammation during metabolic stress (i.e. metaflammation). Metabolic stress and endogenous danger signals can engage pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system thereby activating pro-inflammatory and stress pathways in adipose tissue. The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can act as a metabolic danger sensor to a wide range of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome facilitates caspase-1 dependent production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can promote inflammation and pyroptotic cell death, but caspase-1 is also involved in adipogenesis. This review discusses the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue immunometabolism responses relevant to metabolic disease. Understanding the potential sources of NLRP3 activation and consequences of NLRP3 effectors may reveal therapeutic opportunities to break or fine-tune the connection between metabolism and inflammation in adipose tissue during obesity.
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49
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Bray GA, Bouchard C. The biology of human overfeeding: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13040. [PMID: 32515127 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding produced weight gain in adolescents, adult men and women and in older men. In longer term studies, there was a clear and highly significant relationship between energy ingested and weight gain and fat storage with limited individual differences. There is some evidence for a contribution of a genetic component to this response variability. The response to overfeeding was affected by the baseline state of the groups being compared: those with insulin resistance versus insulin sensitivity; those prone to obesity versus those resistant to obesity; and those with metabolically abnormal obesity versus those with metabolically normal obesity. Dietary components, such as total fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate influenced the patterns of adipose tissue distribution as did the history of low or normal birth weight. Overfeeding affected the endocrine system with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine frequently present. Growth hormone, in contrast, was rapidly suppressed. Changes in plasma lipids were influenced by diet, exercise and the magnitude of weight gain. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are substantially altered by chronic overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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50
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Vinaik R, Barayan D, Jeschke MG. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammation and Metabolism: Identifying Novel Roles in Postburn Adipose Dysfunction. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5868467. [PMID: 32790834 PMCID: PMC7426001 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that respond to pathogen or host associated damage markers, leading to caspase-1 maturation and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Initially, inflammasomes were implicated primarily in inflammatory and infectious conditions. However, increasing evidence demonstrates broader roles beyond inflammation, including regulation of adipose tissue metabolism after burns. Here, we conducted a search for articles on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and UpToDate with applied search strategies including a combination of "burns," "trauma," "(NLRP3) inflammasome," "metabolic conditions," "white adipose tissue," "macrophages," "browning," and "lipolysis" and included papers from 2000 to 2020. We discuss unexpected roles for NLRP3, the most characterized inflammasome to date, as a key metabolic driver in a variety of conditions. In particular, we highlight the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in burn trauma, which is characterized by both hyperinflammation and hypermetabolism. We identify a critical part for NLRP3 activation in macrophage dynamics and delineate a novel role in postburn white adipose tissue remodeling, a pathological response associated with hypermetabolism and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, how inflammation and inflammasome activation is linked to postburn hypermetabolism is a novel concept to contemplate, and herein we provide evidence of an immunometabolic crosstalk between adipocytes and infiltrating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence: Marc G. Jeschke, MD, PhD, Director Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, CANADA, M4N 3M5. E-mail:
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