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Kamboyi HK, Paudel A, Shawa M, Sugawara M, Zorigt T, Chizimu JY, Kitao T, Furuta Y, Hang'ombe BM, Munyeme M, Higashi H. EsxA, a type VII secretion system-dependent effector, reveals a novel function in the sporulation of Bacillus cereus ATCC14579. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:351. [PMID: 39289639 PMCID: PMC11406982 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces a spectrum of effectors integral to bacterial niche adaptation and the development of various infections. Among those is EsxA, whose secretion depends on the EssC component of the type VII secretion system (T7SS). EsxA's roles within the bacterial cell are poorly understood, although postulations indicate that it may be involved in sporulation. However, the T7SS repertoire in B. cereus has not been reported, and its functions are unestablished. METHODS We used the type strain, B. cereus ATCC14579, to generate ΔessC mutant through homologous recombination using the homing endonuclease I-SceI mediated markerless gene replacement. Comparatively, we analyzed the culture supernatant of type strain and the ΔessC mutant through Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We further generated T7SSb-specific gene mutations to explore the housekeeping roles of the T7SSb-dependent effectors. The sporulation process of B. cereus ATCC14579 and its mutants was observed microscopically through the classic Schaeffer-Fulton staining method. The spore viability of each strain in this study was established by enumerating the colony-forming units on LB agar. RESULTS Through LC-MS/MS, we identified a pair of nearly identical (94%) effector proteins named EsxA belonging to the sagEsxA-like subfamily of the WXG100 protein superfamily in the culture supernatant of the wild type and none in the ΔessC mutant. Homology analysis of the T7SSb gene cluster among B. cereus strains revealed diversity from the 3' end of essC, encoding additional substrates. Deletions in esxA1 and esxA2 neither altered cellular morphology nor growth rate, but the ΔesxA1ΔesxA2 deletion resulted in significantly fewer viable spores and an overall slower sporulation process. Within 24 h culture, more than 80% of wild-type cells formed endospores compared to less than 5% in the ΔesxA1ΔesxA2 mutant. The maximum spore ratios for the wild type and ΔesxA1ΔesxA2 were 0.96 and 0.72, respectively. Altogether, these results indicated that EsxA1 and EsxA2 work cooperatively and are required for sporulation in B. cereus ATCC14567. CONCLUSION B. cereus ATCC14579 possesses two nearly identical T7SSb-dependent effectors belonging to the sagEsxA-like proteins. Simultaneous deletion of genes encoding these effectors significantly delayed and reduced sporulation, a novel finding for EsxA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey K Kamboyi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- GenEndeavor LLC, 26219 Eden Landing Rd, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Misa Sugawara
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tuvshinzaya Zorigt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Y Chizimu
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tomoe Kitao
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Microbiology Unit, Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Public Health Unit, Disease Control Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Erez T, Osabutey AF, Hamdo S, Bonda E, Otmy A, Chejanovsky N, Soroker V. Ontogeny of immunity and natural viral infection in Apis mellifera drones and workers. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 205:108124. [PMID: 38729295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The most common viral diseases affecting honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Israel include deformed wing viruses (DWV-A and DWV-B) and acute paralysis viruses (ABPV and IAPV). These viruses are transmitted within and between colonies, both horizontally and vertically. All members of the colony contribute to this transmission, on the other hand individual and social immunity, particularly hygienic behaviour, may affect the outcome of the process. In this study, we evaluated the ontogeny of natural infections of DWV-A, DWV-B, ABPV and IAPV, their prevalence and loads, in workers and drones from high (H) and low (L) hygienic colonies. In parallel, we evaluated the expression of two immune genes: peptidoglycan recognition protein S2(PGRP-S2) and hymenoptaecin. The prevalence of DWV-B and IAPV increased with age and was higher in workers than in drones. ABPV was not detected in drones. The expression of both immune genes was significantly affected by age and sex. Drones from H colonies had higher expression of these genes. The increased expression of immune genes with drones' age, particularly in hygienic colonies, suggest additional value of honey bee breeding for hygienic behaviour for sustainable beekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Erez
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel; Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sharif Hamdo
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - Elad Bonda
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - Assaf Otmy
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - Nor Chejanovsky
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel
| | - Victoria Soroker
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Israel.
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Thuraphan P, Suang S, Bunrod A, Kanjanakawinkul W, Chaiyana W. Potential of Bioactive Protein and Protein Hydrolysate from Apis mellifera Larvae as Cosmeceutical Active Ingredients for Anti-Skin Aging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:679. [PMID: 38931346 PMCID: PMC11206733 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extract bioactive proteins and protein hydrolysates from Apis mellifera larvae and assess their potential application in cosmetics as well as their irritation properties. The larvae were defatted and extracted using various mediums, including DI water, along with 0.5 M aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, the crude proteins were hydrolyzed using the Alcalase® enzyme. All extracts underwent testing for antioxidant activities via the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess assays. Anti-aging properties were evaluated in terms of anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase effects. Irritation potential was assessed using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. The results revealed that the sodium hydroxide extraction showed promising outcomes in terms of yield, protein content, and effectiveness in inhibiting hyaluronidase, with the highest inhibition at 78.1 ± 1.5%, comparable to that of oleanolic acid. Conversely, crude protein extracted with ascorbic acid and its hydrolysate showed notable antioxidant and collagenase-inhibitory activities. Remarkably, their anti-collagenase effects were comparable to those of ascorbic acid and lysine. Additionally, it demonstrated safety upon testing with the CAM. In conclusion, the findings provided valuable insights into the utilization of A. mellifera larval proteins as active ingredients with a wide range of cosmeceutical applications, particularly due to their antioxidant, anti-aging, and low irritation properties, which hold significant promise for anti-skin wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paphawarin Thuraphan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.)
| | - Suphawan Suang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.)
| | - Anurak Bunrod
- Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities by Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Chon Buri 20180, Thailand; (A.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Watchara Kanjanakawinkul
- Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities by Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Chon Buri 20180, Thailand; (A.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Isani G, Bellei E, Rudelli C, Cabbri R, Ferlizza E, Andreani G. SDS-PAGE-Based Quantitative Assay of Hemolymph Proteins in Honeybees: Progress and Prospects for Field Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10216. [PMID: 37373362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and veterinary medicine, serum proteins are considered to be useful biomarkers for assessing the health and nutritional status of the organism. Honeybee hemolymph has a unique proteome that could represent a source of valuable biomarkers. Therefore, the aims of this study were to separate and identify the most abundant proteins in the hemolymph of worker honeybees to suggest a panel of these proteins that could represent useful biomarkers for assessing the nutritional and health status of the colonies and, finally, to analyze them in different periods of the year. Four apiaries were selected in the province of Bologna, and the bees were analyzed in April, May, July, and November. Thirty specimens from three hives of each apiary were sampled and their hemolymph was collected. The most represented bands obtained after 1D sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were cut from the gel, and the proteins were identified using an LC-ESI-Q-MS/MS System. A total of twelve proteins were unmistakably identified; the two most abundant proteins were apolipophorin and vitellogenin, which are known biomarkers of bee trophic and health status. The two other proteins identified were transferrin and hexamerin 70a, the first being involved in iron homeostasis and the second being a storage protein. Most of these proteins showed an increase from April to November, mirroring the physiological changes of honeybees during the productive season. The current study suggests a panel of biomarkers from honeybee hemolymph worth testing under different physiological and pathological field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Bellei
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Rudelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Ling TC, Phokasem P, Sinpoo C, Chantawannakul P, Khongphinitbunjong K, Disayathanoowat T. Tropilaelaps mercedesae Infestation Is Correlated with Injury Numbers on the Brood and the Population Size of Honey Bee Apis mellifera. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081318. [PMID: 37106881 PMCID: PMC10135255 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropilaelaps mercedesae, one of the most devastating parasitic mites of honey bee Apis mellifera hosts, is a major threat to honey products by causing severe damage to honey bee colonies. Here, we recorded injury numbers caused by T. mercedesae to different body parts of the larval, pupal, and crippled adult stages of honey bee A. mellifera. We evaluated the relationship between infestation rate and injury numbers per bee for both larvae and pupae. We also noted the total bee numbers per beehive and examined the relationship between the infestation rate and population size. T. mercedesae infested all developmental stages of honey bees, with the highest injury numbers in the abdomens of bee pupae and the antennas of crippled adult bees. Although larvae received more injury numbers than pupae, both infestation rate and injury numbers decreased as the larval stage progressed to the pupal stage. The infestation rate increased as the population size per beehive decreased. This study provided new perspectives to the understanding of changes in the effects of T. mercedesae infestations on different developmental stages of honey bees. It also showed useful baseline information for screening honey bee stock that might have high defensive behaviors against mite infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tial C Ling
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Phokasem
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Sinpoo
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Elfar SA, Bahgat IM, Shebl MA, Lihoreau M, Tawfik MM. Intraspecific Variability in Proteomic Profiles and Biological Activities of the Honey Bee Hemolymph. INSECTS 2023; 14:365. [PMID: 37103179 PMCID: PMC10142140 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator declines have raised major concerns for the maintenance of biodiversity and food security, calling for a better understanding of environmental factors that affect their health. Here we used hemolymph analysis to monitor the health status of Western honey bees Apis mellifera. We evaluated the intraspecific proteomic variations and key biological activities of the hemolymph of bees collected from four Egyptian localities characterized by different food diversities and abundances. Overall, the lowest protein concentrations and the weakest biological activities (cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties) were recorded in the hemolymph of bees artificially fed sucrose solution and no pollen. By contrast, the highest protein concentrations and biological activities were recorded in bees that had the opportunity to feed on various natural resources. While future studies should expand comparisons to honey bee populations exposed to more different diets and localities, our results suggest hemolymph samples can be used as reliable indicators of bee nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Elfar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Iman M. Bahgat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shebl
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed M. Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
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Nasseri GG, Matin N, Wild AR, Tosefsky K, Flibotte S, Stacey RG, Hollman RB, Foster LJ, Bamji SX. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in the hippocampal palmitoylome. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eadd2519. [PMID: 36473050 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic protein S-palmitoylation is critical for neuronal function, development, and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in palmitoylation have been reported for a small number of proteins. Here, we characterized the palmitoylome in the hippocampi of male mice before and after context-dependent fear conditioning. Of the 121 differentially palmitoylated proteins identified, just over half were synaptic proteins, whereas others were associated with metabolic functions, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction. The synapse-associated proteins generally exhibited increased palmitoylation after fear conditioning. In contrast, most of the proteins that exhibited decreased palmitoylation were associated with metabolic processes. Similar results were seen in cultured rat hippocampal neurons in response to chemically induced long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we found that the palmitoylation of one of the synaptic proteins, plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1), also known as lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4 (LPPR4), was important for synaptic activity-induced insertion of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) into the postsynaptic membrane. The findings identify proteins whose dynamic palmitoylation may regulate their role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory G Nasseri
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nusrat Matin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela R Wild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kira Tosefsky
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rocio B Hollman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Cournoyer A, Deschamps A, Bau-Gaudreault L, Dubreuil P, Benoit-Biancamano MO. Analytical validation of a portable human Accu-Chek glucometer in honeybee hemolymph. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:789-795. [PMID: 35993265 PMCID: PMC9446297 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221117233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and trehalose are the main energy sources used by honeybees (Apis mellifera) for daily activities. However, there is no validated point-of-care method to reliably measure both sugars. We performed an analytical validation of a portable human glucometer (Accu-Chek; Roche) for glucose measurement in honeybee hemolymph compared to a reference method (GluCH, UniCel DxC 600; Beckman Coulter). We used 30 pooled hemolymph samples collected from the antennae of anesthetized honeybees and diluted 1:4 in 0.9% saline. We evaluated dilution linearity, spike recovery, and inter- and intra-assay imprecision. Glucose concentration was measured over time (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d, 21 d, 28 d) at various storage temperature (25°C, 4°C, -20°C, -80°C). The trehalose concentration was measured indirectly by trehalase hydrolyzation. Glucose concentrations measured by both instruments had a strong correlation (0.985, p < 0.0001) and a bias of -7.33 mmol/L (±1.96SD: 13.70 to -28.36), with linear agreement at <20 mmol/L (physiologic value: 100 mmol/L). The accuracy of the glucometer decreased at >20 mmol/L. Recovery of 115-130% of diluted spikes indicated good specificity. Inter- and intra-assay imprecision were 2.50% and 2.21%, respectively. Glucose concentrations fluctuated in stored samples dependent on time and temperature; however, glucose concentrations were constant with storage at -80°C for ≥28 d. The Accu-Chek glucometer is an adequate instrument to measure honeybee glucose concentration in hemolymph diluted with 0.9% NaCl, with good accuracy and precision at <20 mmol/L. Hemolymph storage at -80°C is suitable for long-term conservation of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cournoyer
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Centre de diagnostic vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal, Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pascal Dubreuil
- Centre de diagnostic vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal, Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Centre de diagnostic vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal, Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Khedidji H, Abderrahmani K, Oulebsir-Mohandkaci H, Ladjali-Mohammedi K, Mohammedi A. Effects of Pollen Deprivation in Groups of Tellian ( Apis mellifera intermissa) and Saharan ( Apis mellifera sahariensis) Honey Bees under Controlled Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 13:727. [PMID: 36005352 PMCID: PMC9409310 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, honey bees are increasingly faced with periods of pollen scarcity, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies, especially of proteins and amino acids. These are essential for the proper functioning of the single organism and the colony. To understand how bees react to protein deficiency, under controlled conditions, we studied the effect of pollen deficiency on the main physiological parameters in two subspecies endemic of Algeria, Apis mellifera intermissa and Apismellifera sahariensis. Emerging workers of both subspecies were reared with two diets: one was pollen-fed, whereas the other pollen-deprived. Several physiological criteria were measured depending on the type of diet and subspecies: the survival of the bees, the amount of total protein in the hemolymph, hypopharyngeal glands development and the ovary development of workers. These last three parameters were assessed at three different ages (7, 14 and 21 days). At birth, sahariensis workers weighed more than intermissa. With the same protein diet, the average life expectancy of sahariensis was extended by 5.55 days compared to intermissa. Even if deprived of pollen, sahariensis lived longer than intermissa fed with pollen (p < 0.001). In the three age levels, the hypopharyngeal glands were more developed and less affected by pollen deficiency (p < 0.001) in sahariensis than in intermissa (p < 0.001). The total hemolymph protein was higher in intermissa than in sahariensis regardless of the diet, and was also higher in protein-fed than in deprived bees (p < 0.001). The ovaries developed more rapidly with a high proportion in intermissa than in sahariensis (p < 0.05) regardless of the diet, and was also higher in the bees fed with pollen than those deprived (p < 0.05). Pollen deficiency generates physiological alterations and modifications, the amplitude of which varied according to the subspecies of the bee studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Khedidji
- Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Khaled Abderrahmani
- National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA), Boulevard Colonel Amirouche Bouismail, Tipaza 42415, Algeria
| | - Hakima Oulebsir-Mohandkaci
- Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Kafia Ladjali-Mohammedi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16110, Algeria
| | - Arezki Mohammedi
- Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
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Wang B, Habermehl C, Jiang L. Metabolomic analysis of honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) response to glyphosate exposure. Mol Omics 2022; 18:635-642. [PMID: 35583168 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is among the world's most commonly used herbicides in agriculture and weed control. The use of this agrochemical has unintended consequences on non-target organisms, such as honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), the Earth's most prominent insect pollinator. However, detailed understanding of the biological effects in bees in response to sub-lethal glyphosate exposure is still limited. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabolomics was performed to investigate whether oral exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration (7.12 mg L-1) of glyphosate affects the regulation of honey bee metabolites in 2, 5, and 10 days. On Day 2 of glyphosate exposure, the honey bees showed significant downregulation of several essential amino acids, including leucine, lysine, valine, and isoleucine. This phenomenon indicates that glyphosate causes an obvious metabolic perturbation when the honey bees are subjected to the initial caging process. The mid-term (Day 5) results showed negligible metabolite-level perturbation, which indicated the low glyphosate impact on active honeybees. However, the long-term (Day 10) data showed evident separation between the control and experimental groups in the principal component analysis (PCA). This separation is the result of the combinatorial changes of essential amino acids such as threonine, histidine, and methionine, while the non-essential amino acids glutamine and proline as well as the carbohydrate sucrose were all downregulated. In summary, our study demonstrates that although no significant behavioral differences were observed in honey bees under sub-lethal doses of glyphosate, metabolomic level perturbation can be observed under short-term exposure when met with other environmental stressors or long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Calypso Habermehl
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
| | - Lin Jiang
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
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11
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McAfee A, Metz BN, Milone JP, Foster LJ, Tarpy DR. Drone honey bees are disproportionately sensitive to abiotic stressors despite expressing high levels of stress response proteins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:141. [PMID: 35177754 PMCID: PMC8854713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drone honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the obligate sexual partners of queens, and the availability of healthy, high-quality drones directly affects a queen's fertility and productivity. Yet, our understanding of how stressors affect adult drone fertility, survival, and physiology is presently limited. Here, we investigated sex biases in susceptibility to abiotic stressors (cold stress, topical imidacloprid exposure, and topical exposure to a realistic cocktail of pesticides). We found that drones (haploid males) were more sensitive to cold and imidacloprid exposure than workers (sterile, diploid females), but the cocktail was not toxic at the concentrations tested. We corroborated this lack of cocktail toxicity with in-hive exposures via pollen feeding. We then used quantitative proteomics to investigate protein expression profiles in the hemolymph of topically exposed workers and drones, and found that 34 proteins were differentially expressed in exposed drones relative to controls, but none were differentially expressed in exposed workers. Contrary to our hypothesis, we show that drones express surprisingly high baseline levels of putative stress response proteins relative to workers. This suggests that drones' stress tolerance systems are fundamentally rewired relative to workers, and susceptibility to stress depends on more than simply gene dose or allelic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McAfee
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Applied Ecology (current), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Bradley N Metz
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Applied Ecology (current), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA.
| | - Joseph P Milone
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - David R Tarpy
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Applied Ecology (current), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
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12
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Butolo NP, Azevedo P, Alencar LD, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Impact of low temperatures on the immune system of honeybees. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103082. [PMID: 34879910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in temperature resulting from climate change can impact the distribution and survival of species, including bees, where temperature may also affect their immune system. Evaluation of immune system activity is often performed by the total count of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph. However, there are few studies on bees examining the relationship between the amount of circulating hemocytes and temperature. This study evaluated changes of circulating hemocytes in Apis mellifera hemolymph at different temperatures and development stages. Total hemocytes of bees were determined at - 8, 16, 24, and 32 °C - and at different development stages - in vivo larvae, in vitro larvae, newly emerged, and forager bees. A. mellifera larvae had a greater number of circulating hemocytes compared to the other development stages (newly emerged and foragers). Additionally, temperature was an important factor explaining variation of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph, according to principal component analyses (PCA), as the number of circulating hemocytes was greater at higher temperatures. Therefore, extreme events arising from climate change, such as variation in temperature, can directly impact the immune system of bees, both individually and at the colony level, threatening the distribution and survival of several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Butolo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais - CEIS, Instituto de Biociências - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - P Azevedo
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - L D Alencar
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - O Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais - CEIS, Instituto de Biociências - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - R C F Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar-SP), Araras, SP, Brazil
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13
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Acute and chronic effects of Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) PM 1 on honey bee gut microbiota under laboratory conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5946. [PMID: 33723271 PMCID: PMC7960711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apis mellifera is an important provider of ecosystem services, and during flight and foraging behaviour is exposed to environmental pollutants including airborne particulate matter (PM). While exposure to insecticides, antibiotics, and herbicides may compromise bee health through alterations of the gut microbial community, no data are available on the impacts of PM on the bee microbiota. Here we tested the effects of ultrapure Titanium dioxide (TiO2) submicrometric PM (i.e., PM1, less than 1 µm in diameter) on the gut microbiota of adult bees. TiO2 PM1 is widely used as a filler and whitening agent in a range of manufactured objects, and ultrapure TiO2 PM1 is also a common food additive, even if it has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen in Group 2B. Due to its ubiquitous use, honey bees may be severely exposed to TiO2 ingestion through contaminated honey and pollen. Here, we demonstrated that acute and chronic oral administration of ultrapure TiO2 PM1 to adult bees alters the bee microbial community; therefore, airborne PM may represent a further risk factor for the honey bee health, promoting sublethal effects against the gut microbiota.
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14
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Capitani G, Papa G, Pellecchia M, Negri I. Disentangling multiple PM emission sources in the Po Valley (Italy) using honey bees. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06194. [PMID: 33615008 PMCID: PMC7881223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of airborne chemical compounds commonly classified by their aerodynamic diameter. Although PM toxicity strongly depends on the morphology, chemical composition, and dimensions of particles, exposure limits set by environmental organisations only refer to the mean mass concentration of PM sampled daily or annually by monitoring stations. In this study, we used honey bees as sensors of airborne PM10 and PM2.5 in a highly polluted area of the Po Valley, northern Italy. Honey bees are an efficient sampler of airborne PM because, during flight and foraging activities, their pubescence promotes the accumulation of electrical charge on the body surface owing to air resistance, thus enhancing airborne PM attraction. Particles attached to the body of bees are readily accessible for physico-chemical characterisation using a scanning electron microscope coupled with X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Our results demonstrate that residents in the study area are intermittently but chronically exposed to a well-defined spectrum of metal-bearing particles and mineral phases known to induce specific health outcomes. The morphology, size, and chemical composition of PM10 and PM2.5 detected on bees in the monitoring area were indicative of traffic, agricultural operations, and high-temperature combustion processes. The contribution of the A1 Milano-Bologna highway, local wheat and alfalfa cultivation, and the Parma incineration plant were clearly distinguishable. Our data also demonstrated that PM exposure levels may vary sharply throughout the year based on recurrent local activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Papa
- DIPROVES - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Negri
- DIPROVES - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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15
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Functional Analysis of BipA in E. coli Reveals the Natural Plasticity of 50S Subunit Assembly. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5259-5272. [PMID: 32710983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BipA is a conserved translational GTPase of bacteria recently implicated in ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that Escherichia coli ΔbipA cells grown at suboptimal temperature accumulate immature large subunit particles missing several proteins. These include L17 and L17-dependent binders, suggesting that structural block 3 of the subunit folds late in the assembly process. Parallel analysis of the control strain revealed accumulation of nearly identical intermediates, albeit at lower levels, suggesting qualitatively similar routes of assembly. This came as a surprise, because earlier analogous studies of wild-type E. coli showed early binding of L17. Further investigation showed that the main path of 50S assembly differs depending on conditions of growth. Either supplementation of the media with lysine and arginine or suboptimal temperature appears to delay block 3 folding, demonstrating the flexible nature of the assembly process. We also show that the variant BipA-H78A fails to rescue phenotypes of the ΔbipA strain, indicating a critical role for GTP hydrolysis in BipA function. In fact, BipA-H78A confers a dominant negative phenotype in wild-type cells. Controlled production of BipA-H78A causes accumulation of 70S monosomes at the expense of polysomes, suggesting that the growth defect stems from a shutdown of translation.
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16
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Butolo NP, Azevedo P, de Alencar LD, Domingues CEC, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. A high quality method for hemolymph collection from honeybee larvae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234637. [PMID: 32555675 PMCID: PMC7302910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic decline of bees is associated with several factors, including the immune system suppression due to the increased exposure to pesticides. A widely used method to evaluate these effects on these insects' immune systems is the counting of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph. However, the extraction of hemolymph from larvae is quite difficult, and the collected material is frequently contaminated with other tissues and gastrointestinal fluids, which complicates counting. Therefore, the present work established a high quality and easily reproducible method of extracting hemolymph from honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera), the extraction with ophthalmic scissors. Extraction methods with the following tools also were tested: 30G needle, fine-tipped forceps, hypodermic syringe, and capillaries tubes. The hemolymph was obtained via an incision on the larvae’s right side for all methods, except for the extraction with ophthalmic scissors, in which the hemolymph was extracted from the head region. To assess the purity of the collected material, turbidity analyses of the samples using a turbidimeter were proposed, tested, and evaluated. The results showed that the use of ophthalmic scissors provided the clearest samples and was free from contamination. A reference range between 22,432.35 and 24,504.87 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) was established, in which the collected samples may be considered of high quality and free from contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pavan Butolo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (NPB); (PA)
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia–Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (NPB); (PA)
| | - Luciano Delmondes de Alencar
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia–Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio E. C. Domingues
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar-SP), Araras, SP, Brazil
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17
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Colgan TJ, Finlay S, Brown MJF, Carolan JC. Mating precedes selective immune priming which is maintained throughout bumblebee queen diapause. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:959. [PMID: 31823732 PMCID: PMC6902353 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to unfavourable conditions is a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. One such mechanism is diapause, a period of dormancy typically found in nematodes, fish, crustaceans and insects. This state is a key life-history event characterised by arrested development, suppressed metabolism and increased stress tolerance and allows an organism to avoid prolonged periods of harsh and inhospitable environmental conditions. For some species, diapause is preceded by mating which can have a profound effect on female behaviour, physiology and key biological processes, including immunity. However, our understanding of how mating impacts long-term immunity and whether these effects persist throughout diapause is currently limited. To address this, we explored molecular changes in the haemolymph of the ecologically important pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris. B. terrestris queens mate prior to entering diapause, a non-feeding period of arrested development that can last 6–9 months. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified changes in the pre-diapause queen haemolymph after mating, as well as the subsequent protein expression of mated queens during and post-diapause. Results Our analysis identified distinct proteome profiles associated with diapause preparation, maintenance and termination. More specifically, mating pre-diapause was followed by an increase in the abundance of antimicrobial peptides, key effectors of the immune system. Furthermore, we identified the elevated abundance of these proteins to be maintained throughout diapause. This finding was in contrast to the general reduction observed in immune proteins during diapause suggestive of selective immune priming and expression during diapause. Diapause also affected the expression of proteins involved in cuticular maintenance, olfaction, as well as proteins of unknown function, which may have roles in diapause regulation. Conclusions Our results provide clear molecular evidence for the consequences and benefits of mating at the immune level as it precedes the selective increased abundance of antimicrobial peptides that are sustained throughout diapause. In addition, our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which bumblebees prepare for, survive, and recover from diapause, insights that may have implications for our general understanding of these processes in other insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Colgan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland. .,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Sive Finlay
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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18
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Altaye SZ, Meng L, Lu Y, Li J. The Emerging Proteomic Research Facilitates in-Depth Understanding of the Biology of Honeybees. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174252. [PMID: 31480282 PMCID: PMC6747239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in instrumentation and computational analysis in proteomics have opened new doors for honeybee biological research at the molecular and biochemical levels. Proteomics has greatly expanded the understanding of honeybee biology since its introduction in 2005, through which key signaling pathways and proteins that drive honeybee development and behavioral physiology have been identified. This is critical for downstream mechanistic investigation by knocking a gene down/out or overexpressing it and being able to attribute a specific phenotype/biochemical change to that gene. Here, we review how emerging proteome research has contributed to the new understanding of honeybee biology. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of global scientific progress in honeybee proteome research is essential for a better understanding of research topics and trends, and is potentially useful for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Zewdu Altaye
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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19
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Dutta A, Dandapat J, Mohanty N. First report on transferrin in the silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, with a putative role in antioxidant defense: Insights from proteomic analysis and immunodetection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 233:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Parolia A, Venalainen E, Xue H, Mather R, Lin D, Wu R, Pucci P, Rogalski J, Evans JR, Feng F, Collins CC, Wang Y, Crea F. The long noncoding RNA HORAS5 mediates castration-resistant prostate cancer survival by activating the androgen receptor transcriptional program. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1121-1136. [PMID: 30776192 PMCID: PMC6487714 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is driven by the androgen receptor (AR)‐signaling axis. Hormonal therapy often mitigates PCa progression, but a notable number of cases progress to castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). CRPC retains AR activity and is incurable. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represent an uncharted region of the transcriptome. Several lncRNA have been recently described to mediate oncogenic functions, suggesting that these molecules can be potential therapeutic targets. Here, we identified CRPC‐associated lncRNA by analyzing patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) and clinical data. Subsequently, we characterized one of the CRPC‐promoting lncRNA,HORAS5, in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that HORAS5 is a stable, cytoplasmic lncRNA that promotes CRPC proliferation and survival by maintaining AR activity under androgen‐depleted conditions. Most strikingly, knockdown of HORAS5 causes a significant reduction in the expression of AR itself and oncogenic AR targets such as KIAA0101. Elevated expression of HORAS5 is also associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients. Our results from HORAS5 inhibition in in vivo models further confirm that HORAS5 is a viable therapeutic target for CRPC. Thus, we posit that HORAS5 is a novel, targetable mediator of CRPC through its essential role in the maintenance of oncogenic AR activity. Overall, this study adds to our mechanistic understanding of how lncRNA function in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Xue
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Rebecca Mather
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dong Lin
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Perla Pucci
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jason Rogalski
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph R Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Yuzhuo Wang
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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21
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Hu J, Worrall LJ, Hong C, Vuckovic M, Atkinson CE, Caveney N, Yu Z, Strynadka NCJ. Cryo-EM analysis of the T3S injectisome reveals the structure of the needle and open secretin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3840. [PMID: 30242280 PMCID: PMC6155069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial type III secretion system, or injectisome, is a syringe shaped nanomachine essential for the virulence of many disease causing Gram-negative bacteria. At the core of the injectisome structure is the needle complex, a continuous channel formed by the highly oligomerized inner and outer membrane hollow rings and a polymerized helical needle filament which spans through and projects into the infected host cell. Here we present the near-atomic resolution structure of a needle complex from the prototypical Salmonella Typhimurium SPI-1 type III secretion system, with local masking protocols allowing for model building and refinement of the major membrane spanning components of the needle complex base in addition to an isolated needle filament. This work provides significant insight into injectisome structure and assembly and importantly captures the molecular basis for substrate induced gating in the giant outer membrane secretin portal family.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - L J Worrall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
- HRMEM facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - C Hong
- CryoEM Shared Resources, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, 20147, VA, USA
| | - M Vuckovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - C E Atkinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
- HRMEM facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - N Caveney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Z Yu
- CryoEM Shared Resources, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, 20147, VA, USA
| | - N C J Strynadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.
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Zeng Y, Hu XP, Cao G, Suh SJ. Hemolymph protein profiles of subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes challenged with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13251. [PMID: 30185933 PMCID: PMC6125296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes is fed heat-killed methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the termite produces proteins with antibacterial activity against the inducer pathogen in its hemolymph. We used a proteomic approach to characterize the alterations in protein profiles caused by the inducer bacterium in the hemolymph of the termite. Nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 221 proteins and approximately 70% of these proteins could be associated with biological processes and molecular functions. Challenges with these human pathogens induced a total of 57 proteins (35 in MRSA-challenged, 16 in P. aeruginosa-challenged, and 6 shared by both treatments) and suppressed 13 proteins by both pathogens. Quasi-Poisson likelihood modeling with false discovery rate adjustment identified a total of 18 and 40 proteins that were differentially expressed at least 2.5-fold in response to MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge, respectively. We selected 7 differentially expressed proteins and verified their gene expression levels via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our findings provide an initial insight into a putative termite immune response against MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Xing Ping Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Guanqun Cao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sang-Jin Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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23
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Mondet F, Rau A, Klopp C, Rohmer M, Severac D, Le Conte Y, Alaux C. Transcriptome profiling of the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor provides new biological insights into the mite adult life cycle. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:328. [PMID: 29728057 PMCID: PMC5936029 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The parasite Varroa destructor represents a significant threat to honeybee colonies. Indeed, development of Varroa infestation within colonies, if left untreated, often leads to the death of the colony. Although its impact on bees has been extensively studied, less is known about its biology and the functional processes governing its adult life cycle and adaptation to its host. We therefore developed a full life cycle transcriptomic catalogue in adult Varroa females and included pairwise comparisons with males, artificially-reared and non-reproducing females (10 life cycle stages and conditions in total). Results Extensive remodeling of the Varroa transcriptome was observed, with an upregulation of energetic and chitin metabolic processes during the initial and final phases of the life cycle (e.g. phoretic and post-oviposition stages), whereas during reproductive stages in brood cells genes showing functions related to transcriptional regulation were overexpressed. Several neurotransmitter and neuropeptide receptors involved in behavioural regulation, as well as active compounds of salivary glands, were also expressed at a higher level outside the reproductive stages. No difference was detected between artificially-reared phoretic females and their counterparts in colonies, or between females who failed to reproduce and females who successfully reproduced, indicating that phoretic individuals can be reared outside host colonies without impacting their physiology and that mechanisms underlying reproductive failure occur before oogenesis. Conclusions We discuss how these new findings reveal the remarkable adaptation of Varroa to its host biology and notably to the switch from living on adults to reproducing in sealed brood cells. By spanning the entire adult life cycle, our work captures the dynamic changes in the parasite gene expression and serves as a unique resource for deciphering Varroa biology and identifying new targets for mite control. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4668-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mondet
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.
| | - Andrea Rau
- INRA, UMR 1313 GABI Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- INRA, Genotoul Bioinfo, UR 875 MIAT Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marine Rohmer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203 CNRS, U661 INSERM, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203 CNRS, U661 INSERM, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Le Conte
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Cedric Alaux
- INRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, 84914, Avignon, France.
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24
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Hora ZA, Altaye SZ, Wubie AJ, Li J. Proteomics Improves the New Understanding of Honeybee Biology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3605-3615. [PMID: 29558123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee is one of the most valuable insect pollinators, playing a key role in pollinating wild vegetation and agricultural crops, with significant contribution to the world's food production. Although honeybees have long been studied as model for social evolution, honeybee biology at the molecular level remained poorly understood until the year 2006. With the availability of the honeybee genome sequence and technological advancements in protein separation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics, aspects of honeybee biology such as developmental biology, physiology, behavior, neurobiology, and immunology have been explored to new depths at molecular and biochemical levels. This Review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in honeybee biology using proteomics to study developmental physiology, task transition, and physiological changes in some of the organs, tissues, and cells based on achievements from the authors' laboratory in this field. The research advances of honeybee proteomics provide new insights for understanding of honeybee biology and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu Ararso Hora
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Solomon Zewdu Altaye
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Abebe Jemberie Wubie
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
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25
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Gomez CR, Richards JG. Mitochondrial responses to anoxia exposure in red eared sliders (Trachemys scripta). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:71-78. [PMID: 29402754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When deprived oxygen, mitochondria from most vertebrates transform from the main site of ATP production to the dominant site of cellular ATP use due to the reverse functioning of the F1FO-ATPase (complex V). The anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta however, has previously been shown to inhibit complex V activity in heart and brain in response to anoxia exposure, but the regulatory mechanism is unknown. To gain insight into the putative regulatory mechanisms underlying the anoxia-induced inhibition of complex V in T. scripta, we examined the effects of two weeks anoxia exposure at 4 °C on the mitochondrial proteome and candidate mechanisms that have been shown to regulate complex V in other organisms. In T. scripta, we confirmed that anoxia exposure resulted in a >80% inhibition of complex V in heart, brain and liver. Incubation of mitochondria with the nitric oxide donor, s-nitrosoglutathione, did not affect complex V activity despite showing the expected inhibition in mice. Proteomics analysis showed anoxia-induced decreases in three peripheral stalk subunits of complex V, possibly pointing to a unique site of regulation. Proteomics analysis also revealed differential expression of numerous enzymes involved with the electron transport system, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as lipid and amino acid metabolism in response to anoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisostomo R Gomez
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.
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26
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Ge Y, Kang Y, Cassidy RM, Moon KM, Lewis R, Wong ROL, Foster LJ, Craig AM. Clptm1 Limits Forward Trafficking of GABA A Receptors to Scale Inhibitory Synaptic Strength. Neuron 2018; 97:596-610.e8. [PMID: 29395912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with numerous studies of glutamate receptor-associated proteins and their involvement in the modulation of excitatory synapses, much less is known about mechanisms controlling postsynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR) numbers. Using tandem affinity purification from tagged GABAAR γ2 subunit transgenic mice and proteomic analysis, we isolated several GABAAR-associated proteins, including Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1). Clptm1 interacted with all GABAAR subunits tested and promoted GABAAR trapping in the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of Clptm1 reduced GABAAR-mediated currents in a recombinant system, in cultured hippocampal neurons, and in brain, with no effect on glycine or AMPA receptor-mediated currents. Conversely, knockdown of Clptm1 increased phasic and tonic inhibitory transmission with no effect on excitatory synaptic transmission. Furthermore, altering the expression level of Clptm1 mimicked activity-induced inhibitory synaptic scaling. Thus, in complement to other GABAAR-associated proteins that promote receptor surface expression, Clptm1 limits GABAAR forward trafficking and regulates inhibitory homeostatic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Yunhee Kang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Robert M Cassidy
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Renate Lewis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel O L Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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27
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Ararso Z, Ma C, Qi Y, Feng M, Han B, Hu H, Meng L, Li J. Proteome Comparisons between Hemolymph of Two Honeybee Strains (Apis mellifera ligustica) Reveal Divergent Molecular Basis in Driving Hemolymph Function and High Royal Jelly Secretion. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:402-419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu Ararso
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Qi
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mao Feng
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Han
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural
Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of
Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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28
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Streijger F, Skinnider MA, Rogalski JC, Balshaw R, Shannon CP, Prudova A, Belanger L, Ritchie L, Tsang A, Christie S, Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM, Bailey C, Urquhart J, Ailon T, Paquette S, Boyd M, Street J, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Borchers CH, Foster LJ, Kwon BK. A Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid after Acute Human Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2054-2068. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A. Skinnider
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Sciences & Technologies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason C. Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Balshaw
- BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Prudova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lise Belanger
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leanna Ritchie
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Tsang
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax Infirmary Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Urquhart
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Paquette
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Boyd
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Teixeira ADD, Games PD, Katz BB, Tomich JM, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Proteomic analysis in the Dufour's gland of Africanized Apis mellifera workers (Hymenoptera: Apidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177415. [PMID: 28542566 PMCID: PMC5443511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The colony of eusocial bee Apis mellifera has a reproductive queen and sterile workers performing tasks such as brood care and foraging. Chemical communication plays a crucial role in the maintenance of sociability in bees with many compounds released by the exocrine glands. The Dufour’s gland is a non-paired gland associated with the sting apparatus with important functions in the communication between members of the colony, releasing volatile chemicals that influence workers roles and tasks. However, the protein content in this gland is not well studied. This study identified differentially expressed proteins in the Dufour’s glands of nurse and forager workers of A. mellifera through 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A total of 131 spots showed different expression between nurse and forager bees, and 28 proteins were identified. The identified proteins were categorized into different functions groups including protein, carbohydrate, energy and lipid metabolisms, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, detoxification, homeostasis, cell communication, constitutive and allergen. This study provides new insights of the protein content in the Dufour’s gland contributing to a more complete understanding of the biological functions of this gland in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia D. Games
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Biotechnology Core Facility and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - John M. Tomich
- Biotechnology Core Facility and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - José C. Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Leishmania donovani chaperonin 10 regulates parasite internalization and intracellular survival in human macrophages. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:235-257. [PMID: 28283754 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protozoa of the genus Leishmania infect macrophages in their mammalian hosts causing a spectrum of diseases known as the leishmaniases. The search for leishmania effectors that support macrophage infection is a focus of significant interest. One such candidate is leishmania chaperonin 10 (CPN10) which is secreted in exosomes and may have immunosuppressive properties. Here, we report for the first time that leishmania CPN10 localizes to the cytosol of infected macrophages. Next, we generated two genetically modified strains of Leishmania donovani (Ld): one strain overexpressing CPN10 (CPN10+++) and the second, a CPN10 single allele knockdown (CPN10+/-), as the null mutant was lethal. When compared with the wild-type (WT) parental strain, CPN10+/- Ld showed higher infection rates and parasite loads in human macrophages after 24 h of infection. Conversely, CPN10+++ Ld was associated with lower initial infection rates. This unexpected apparent gain-of-function for the knockdown could have been explained either by enhanced parasite internalization or by enhanced intracellular survival. Paradoxically, we found that CPN10+/- leishmania were more readily internalized than WT Ld, but also displayed significantly impaired intracellular survival. This suggests that leishmania CPN10 negatively regulates the rate of parasite uptake by macrophages while being required for intracellular survival. Finally, quantitative proteomics identified an array of leishmania proteins whose expression was positively regulated by CPN10. In contrast, many macrophage proteins involved in innate immunity were negatively regulated by CPN10. Taken together, these findings identify leishmania CPN10 as a novel effector with broad based effects on macrophage cell regulation and parasite survival.
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31
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Trapp J, McAfee A, Foster LJ. Genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics: enabling insights into social evolution and disease challenges for managed and wild bees. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:718-739. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Trapp
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; 2125 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Alison McAfee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; 2125 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; 2125 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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32
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A New Method for Quick and Easy Hemolymph Collection from Apidae Adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170487. [PMID: 28125668 PMCID: PMC5268409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-analysis of insects is increasingly dependent on highly sensitive methods that require high quality biological material, such as hemolymph. However, it is difficult to collect fresh and uncontaminated hemolymph from adult bees since they are very active and have the potential to sting, and because hemolymph is rapidly melanized. Here we aimed to develop and test a quick and easy method for sterile and contamination-free hemolymph sampling from adult Apidae. Our novel antennae method for hemolymph sampling (AMHS), entailed the detachment of an antenna, followed by application of delicate pressure to the bee's abdomen. This resulted in the appearance of a drop of hemolymph at the base of the detached antenna, which was then aspirated using an automatic pipetter. Larger insect size corresponded to easier and faster hemolymph sampling, and to a greater sample volume. We obtained 80-100 μL of sterile non-melanized hemolymph in 1 minute from one Bombus terrestris worker, in 6 minutes from 10 Apis mellifera workers, and in 15 minutes from 18 Apis cerana workers (+/-0.5 minutes). Compared to the most popular method of hemolymph collection, in which hemolymph is sampled by puncturing the dorsal sinus of the thorax with a capillary (TCHS), significantly fewer bees were required to collect 80-100 μL hemolymph using our novel AMHS method. Moreover, the time required for hemolymph collection was significantly shorter using the AMHS compared to the TCHS, which protects the acquired hemolymph against melanization, thus providing the highest quality material for biological analysis.
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33
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Conserved GTPase LepA (Elongation Factor 4) functions in biogenesis of the 30S subunit of the 70S ribosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:980-985. [PMID: 28096346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613665114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of LepA, a paralog of EF-G found in all bacteria, has been a mystery for decades. Here, we show that LepA functions in ribosome biogenesis. In cells lacking LepA, immature 30S particles accumulate. Four proteins are specifically underrepresented in these particles-S3, S10, S14, and S21-all of which bind late in the assembly process and contribute to the folding of the 3' domain of 16S rRNA. Processing of 16S rRNA is also delayed in the mutant strain, as indicated by increased levels of precursor 17S rRNA in assembly intermediates. Mutation ΔlepA confers a synthetic growth phenotype in absence of RsgA, another GTPase, well known to act in 30S subunit assembly. Analysis of the ΔrsgA strain reveals accumulation of intermediates that resemble those seen in the absence of LepA. These data suggest that RsgA and LepA play partially redundant roles to ensure efficient 30S assembly.
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34
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Worrall LJ, Hong C, Vuckovic M, Deng W, Bergeron JRC, Majewski DD, Huang RK, Spreter T, Finlay BB, Yu Z, Strynadka NCJ. Near-atomic-resolution cryo-EM analysis of the Salmonella T3S injectisome basal body. Nature 2016; 540:597-601. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Vashchenko G, Das S, Moon KM, Rogalski JC, Taves MD, Soma KK, Van Petegem F, Foster LJ, Hammond GL. Identification of Avian Corticosteroid-binding Globulin (SerpinA6) Reveals the Molecular Basis of Evolutionary Adaptations in SerpinA6 Structure and Function as a Steroid-binding Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11300-12. [PMID: 27026706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was isolated from chicken serum and identified by mass spectrometry and genomic analysis. This revealed that the organization and synteny of avian and mammalian SerpinA6 genes are conserved. Recombinant zebra finch CBG steroid-binding properties reflect those of the natural protein in plasma and confirm its identity. Zebra finch and rat CBG crystal structures in complex with cortisol resemble each other, but their primary structures share only ∼40% identity, and their steroid-binding site topographies differ in several unexpected ways. Remarkably, a tryptophan that anchors ligands in mammalian CBG steroid-binding sites is replaced by an asparagine. Phylogenetic comparisons show that reptilian CBG orthologs share this unexpected property. Glycosylation of this asparagine in zebra finch CBG does not influence its steroid-binding affinity, but we present evidence that it may participate in protein folding and steroid-binding site formation. Substitutions of amino acids within zebra finch CBG that are conserved only in birds reveal how they contribute to their distinct steroid-binding properties, including their high (nanomolar) affinities for glucocorticoids, progesterone, and androgens. As in mammals, a protease secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cleaves CBG in zebra finch plasma within its reactive center loop and disrupts steroid binding, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved property of CBGs. Measurements of CBG mRNA in zebra finch tissues indicate that liver is the main site of plasma CBG production, and anti-zebra finch CBG antibodies cross-react with CBGs in other birds, extending opportunities to study how CBG regulates the actions of glucocorticoids and sex steroids in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Das
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Matthew D Taves
- Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Erban T, Harant K, Hubalek M, Vitamvas P, Kamler M, Poltronieri P, Tyl J, Markovic M, Titera D. In-depth proteomic analysis of Varroa destructor: Detection of DWV-complex, ABPV, VdMLV and honeybee proteins in the mite. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13907. [PMID: 26358842 PMCID: PMC4566121 DOI: 10.1038/srep13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated pathogens in the parasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor using nanoLC-MS/MS (TripleTOF) and 2D-E-MS/MS proteomics approaches supplemented with affinity-chromatography to concentrate trace target proteins. Peptides were detected from the currently uncharacterized Varroa destructor Macula-like virus (VdMLV), the deformed wing virus (DWV)-complex and the acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV). Peptide alignments revealed detection of complete structural DWV-complex block VP2-VP1-VP3, VDV-1 helicase and single-amino-acid substitution A/K/Q in VP1, the ABPV structural block VP1-VP4-VP2-VP3 including uncleaved VP4/VP2, and VdMLV coat protein. Isoforms of viral structural proteins of highest abundance were localized via 2D-E. The presence of all types of capsid/coat proteins of a particular virus suggested the presence of virions in Varroa. Also, matches between the MWs of viral structural proteins on 2D-E and their theoretical MWs indicated that viruses were not digested. The absence/scarce detection of non-structural proteins compared with high-abundance structural proteins suggest that the viruses did not replicate in the mite; hence, virions accumulate in the Varroa gut via hemolymph feeding. Hemolymph feeding also resulted in the detection of a variety of honeybee proteins. The advantages of MS-based proteomics for pathogen detection, false-positive pathogen detection, virus replication, posttranslational modifications, and the presence of honeybee proteins in Varroa are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karel Harant
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Martin Hubalek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague 6, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kamler
- Bee Research Institute at Dol, Libcice nad Vltavou, Czechia
| | | | - Jan Tyl
- Bee Research Institute at Dol, Libcice nad Vltavou, Czechia
| | | | - Dalibor Titera
- Bee Research Institute at Dol, Libcice nad Vltavou, Czechia
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37
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Law HT, Chua M, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Guttman JA. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Identification of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Pedestal Constituents. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2520-7. [PMID: 25907766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) co-opt host signaling pathways and recruit numerous host proteins to motile morphological structures, called pedestals, at sites of bacterial attachment. These pedestals are hallmarks of EPEC-based disease, and the identification and characterization of the functions of pedestal proteins continue to steadily increase. To identify additional constituents in an unbiased manner, we developed a strategy where EPEC pedestals were elongated artificially, severed, and then concentrated prior to their analysis by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. We identified >90 unique mammalian proteins over multiple experimental trials from our preparations. Seventeen predicted molecules were significantly higher in abundance (p < 0.05) when compared to both the negative controls and sample means. Validation of two identified proteins (cyclophilin A [nonactin-associated] and transgelin [actin-associated]) by immunolocalization was used to confirm our analysis, and both showed enrichment at EPEC pedestals. The EPEC pedestal concentration technique developed here together with the identification of novel pedestal proteins not only provides a resource for the further characterization of molecular components within these structures but also demonstrates that EPEC pedestals can be used as a model system for the identification of novel functions of proteins not normally thought to be at actin-based structures.
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38
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Bednaski A, Trevisan-Silva D, Matsubara F, Boia-Ferreira M, Olivério M, Gremski L, Cavalheiro R, De Paula D, Paredes-Gamero E, Takahashi H, Toledo M, Nader H, Veiga S, Chaim O, Senff-Ribeiro A. Characterization of Brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) hemolymph: Cellular and biochemical analyses. Toxicon 2015; 98:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Sadd BM, Barribeau SM, Bloch G, de Graaf DC, Dearden P, Elsik CG, Gadau J, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Hasselmann M, Lozier JD, Robertson HM, Smagghe G, Stolle E, Van Vaerenbergh M, Waterhouse RM, Bornberg-Bauer E, Klasberg S, Bennett AK, Câmara F, Guigó R, Hoff K, Mariotti M, Munoz-Torres M, Murphy T, Santesmasses D, Amdam GV, Beckers M, Beye M, Biewer M, Bitondi MMG, Blaxter ML, Bourke AFG, Brown MJF, Buechel SD, Cameron R, Cappelle K, Carolan JC, Christiaens O, Ciborowski KL, Clarke DF, Colgan TJ, Collins DH, Cridge AG, Dalmay T, Dreier S, du Plessis L, Duncan E, Erler S, Evans J, Falcon T, Flores K, Freitas FCP, Fuchikawa T, Gempe T, Hartfelder K, Hauser F, Helbing S, Humann FC, Irvine F, Jermiin LS, Johnson CE, Johnson RM, Jones AK, Kadowaki T, Kidner JH, Koch V, Köhler A, Kraus FB, Lattorff HMG, Leask M, Lockett GA, Mallon EB, Antonio DSM, Marxer M, Meeus I, Moritz RFA, Nair A, Näpflin K, Nissen I, Niu J, Nunes FMF, Oakeshott JG, Osborne A, Otte M, Pinheiro DG, Rossié N, Rueppell O, Santos CG, Schmid-Hempel R, Schmitt BD, Schulte C, Simões ZLP, Soares MPM, Swevers L, Winnebeck EC, Wolschin F, Yu N, Zdobnov EM, Aqrawi PK, Blankenburg KP, Coyle M, Francisco L, Hernandez AG, Holder M, Hudson ME, Jackson L, Jayaseelan J, Joshi V, Kovar C, Lee SL, Mata R, Mathew T, Newsham IF, Ngo R, Okwuonu G, Pham C, Pu LL, Saada N, Santibanez J, Simmons D, Thornton R, Venkat A, Walden KKO, Wu YQ, Debyser G, Devreese B, Asher C, Blommaert J, Chipman AD, Chittka L, Fouks B, Liu J, O'Neill MP, Sumner S, Puiu D, Qu J, Salzberg SL, Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Richards S, Robinson GE, Gibbs RA, Schmid-Hempel P, Worley KC. The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization. Genome Biol 2015; 16:76. [PMID: 25908251 PMCID: PMC4414376 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0623-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Sadd
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA. .,Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Seth M Barribeau
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Dearden
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Christine G Elsik
- Division of Animal Sciences, Division of Plant Sciences, and MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Jürgen Gadau
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Cornelis J P Grimmelikhuijzen
- Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science, Garbenstrasse 17, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eckart Stolle
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Van Vaerenbergh
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity, Huefferstrasse 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Steffen Klasberg
- Westfalian Wilhelms University, Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity, Huefferstrasse 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Anna K Bennett
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Francisco Câmara
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Katharina Hoff
- Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 47, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marco Mariotti
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monica Munoz-Torres
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Terence Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Didac Santesmasses
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gro V Amdam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Food Science, N-1432, Aas, Norway.
| | - Matthew Beckers
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Martin Beye
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Biewer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science, Garbenstrasse 17, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. .,University of Cologne, Institute of Genetics, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Márcia M G Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Mark L Blaxter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Edinburgh Genomics, The Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - Andrew F G Bourke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Mark J F Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK.
| | - Severine D Buechel
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Rossanah Cameron
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Kaat Cappelle
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - James C Carolan
- Maynooth University Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kate L Ciborowski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | | | - Thomas J Colgan
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David H Collins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew G Cridge
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Tamas Dalmay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Stephanie Dreier
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Louis du Plessis
- Theoretical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Computational Evolution, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Elizabeth Duncan
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Jay Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Maryland, USA.
| | - Tiago Falcon
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Kevin Flores
- Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Flávia C P Freitas
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Taro Fuchikawa
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tanja Gempe
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Hartfelder
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Hauser
- Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sophie Helbing
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Fernanda C Humann
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, 15991-502, Matão, Brazil.
| | - Frano Irvine
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | | | - Claire E Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Reed M Johnson
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44791, USA.
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Tatsuhiko Kadowaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jonathan H Kidner
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Vasco Koch
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Arian Köhler
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - F Bernhard Kraus
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
| | - H Michael G Lattorff
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. .,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Megan Leask
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | | | - Eamonn B Mallon
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - David S Marco Antonio
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Monika Marxer
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Meeus
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Robin F A Moritz
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Ajay Nair
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Kathrin Näpflin
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Inga Nissen
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Francis M F Nunes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | | | - Amy Osborne
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Marianne Otte
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
| | - Nina Rossié
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27403, USA.
| | - Carolina G Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Regula Schmid-Hempel
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Björn D Schmitt
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christina Schulte
- Institute of Evolutionary Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Zilá L P Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Michelle P M Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Luc Swevers
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Florian Wolschin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Food Science, N-1432, Aas, Norway.
| | - Na Yu
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Peshtewani K Aqrawi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kerstin P Blankenburg
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Marcus Coyle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Liezl Francisco
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Michael Holder
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Department of Crop Sciences and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - LaRonda Jackson
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Joy Jayaseelan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Vandita Joshi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Christie Kovar
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sandra L Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Robert Mata
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tittu Mathew
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Irene F Newsham
- Molecular Genetic Technology Program, School of Health Professions, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 2, Houston, TX, 77025, USA.
| | - Robin Ngo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Geoffrey Okwuonu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Christopher Pham
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ling-Ling Pu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Nehad Saada
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jireh Santibanez
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - DeNard Simmons
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Rebecca Thornton
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Aarti Venkat
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kimberly K O Walden
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Yuan-Qing Wu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Griet Debyser
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Claire Asher
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Julie Blommaert
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Ariel D Chipman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Lars Chittka
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Bertrand Fouks
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC, 27403, USA.
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Meaghan P O'Neill
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Genetics Otago and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Seirian Sumner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Steven E Scherer
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Entomology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Paul Schmid-Hempel
- Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Kim C Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Guarna MM, Melathopoulos AP, Huxter E, Iovinella I, Parker R, Stoynov N, Tam A, Moon KM, Chan QWT, Pelosi P, White R, Pernal SF, Foster LJ. A search for protein biomarkers links olfactory signal transduction to social immunity. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:63. [PMID: 25757461 PMCID: PMC4342888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-014-1193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is a critical component of human agriculture through its pollination activities. For years, beekeepers have controlled deadly pathogens such as Paenibacillus larvae, Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor with antibiotics and pesticides but widespread chemical resistance is appearing and most beekeepers would prefer to eliminate or reduce the use of in-hive chemicals. While such treatments are likely to still be needed, an alternate management strategy is to identify and select bees with heritable traits that allow them to resist mites and diseases. Breeding such bees is difficult as the tests involved to identify disease-resistance are complicated, time-consuming, expensive and can misidentify desirable genotypes. Additionally, we do not yet fully understand the mechanisms behind social immunity. Here we have set out to discover the molecular mechanism behind hygienic behavior (HB), a trait known to confer disease resistance in bees. Results After confirming that HB could be selectively bred for, we correlated measurements of this behavior with protein expression over a period of three years, at two geographically distinct sites, using several hundred bee colonies. By correlating the expression patterns of individual proteins with HB scores, we identified seven putative biomarkers of HB that survived stringent control for multiple hypothesis testing. Intriguingly, these proteins were all involved in semiochemical sensing (odorant binding proteins), nerve signal transmission or signal decay, indicative of the series of events required to respond to an olfactory signal from dead or diseased larvae. We then used recombinant versions of two odorant-binding proteins to identify the classes of ligands that these proteins might be helping bees detect. Conclusions Our data suggest that neurosensory detection of odors emitted by dead or diseased larvae is the likely mechanism behind a complex and important social immunity behavior that allows bees to co-exist with pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-014-1193-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marta Guarna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Andony P Melathopoulos
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB, T0H 0C0, Canada. .,Current address: Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Immacolata Iovinella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Robert Parker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. .,Current address: Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nikolay Stoynov
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Amy Tam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Queenie W T Chan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rick White
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Stephen F Pernal
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB, T0H 0C0, Canada.
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Thompson PJ, Dulberg V, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Chen C, Karimi MM, Lorincz MC. hnRNP K coordinates transcriptional silencing by SETDB1 in embryonic stem cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004933. [PMID: 25611934 PMCID: PMC4303303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposition of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) poses a substantial threat to genome stability. Transcriptional silencing of a subset of these parasitic elements in early mouse embryonic and germ cell development is dependent upon the lysine methyltransferase SETDB1, which deposits H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and the co-repressor KAP1, which binds SETDB1 when SUMOylated. Here we identified the transcription co-factor hnRNP K as a novel binding partner of the SETDB1/KAP1 complex in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and show that hnRNP K is required for ERV silencing. RNAi-mediated knockdown of hnRNP K led to depletion of H3K9me3 at ERVs, concomitant with de-repression of proviral reporter constructs and specific ERV subfamilies, as well as a cohort of germline-specific genes directly targeted by SETDB1. While hnRNP K recruitment to ERVs is dependent upon KAP1, SETDB1 binding at these elements requires hnRNP K. Furthermore, an intact SUMO conjugation pathway is necessary for SETDB1 recruitment to proviral chromatin and depletion of hnRNP K resulted in reduced SUMOylation at ERVs. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel regulatory hierarchy governing SETDB1 recruitment and in turn, transcriptional silencing in mESCs. Retroelements, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), pose a significant threat to genome stability. In mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, the enzyme SETDB1 safeguards the genome against transcription of specific ERVs by depositing a repressive mark H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Although SETDB1 is recruited to ERVs by its binding partner KAP1, the molecular basis of this silencing pathway is not clear. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we identified hnRNP K as a novel component of this silencing pathway that facilitates the recruitment of SETDB1 to ERVs to promote their repression. HnRNP K binds to ERV sequences via KAP1 and subsequently promotes SETDB1 binding. Together, our results reveal a novel function for hnRNP K in transcriptional silencing of ERVs and demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism governing the deposition of H3K9me3 by SETDB1 in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Thompson
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vered Dulberg
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carol Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad M. Karimi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Lorincz
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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42
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A horizontally acquired transcription factor coordinates Salmonella adaptations to host microenvironments. mBio 2014; 5:e01727-14. [PMID: 25249283 PMCID: PMC4173766 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01727-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors HilA and SsrB activate expression of two type III secretion systems (T3SSs) and cognate effectors that reprogram host cell functions to benefit infecting Salmonella in the host. These transcription factors, the secretion systems, and the effectors are all encoded by horizontally acquired genes. Using quantitative proteomics, we quantified the abundance of 2,149 proteins from hilA or ssrB Salmonella in vitro. Our results suggest that the HilA regulon does not extend significantly beyond proteins known to be involved in direct interactions with intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, SsrB influences the expression of a diverse range of proteins, many of which are ancestral to the acquisition of ssrB. In addition to the known regulon of T3SS-related proteins, we show that, through SodCI and bacterioferritin, SsrB controls resistance to reactive oxygen species and that SsrB down-regulates flagella and motility. This indicates that SsrB-controlled proteins not only redirect host cell membrane traffic to establish a supportive niche within host cells but also have adapted to the chemistry and physical constraints of that niche. Expression of T3SSs typically requires a transcription factor that is linked in a genomic island. Studies of the targets of HilA and SsrB have focused on almost exclusively on T3SS substrates that are either linked or encoded in distinct genomic islands. By broadening our focus, we found that the regulon of SsrB extended considerably beyond T3SS-2 and its substrates, while that of HilA did not. That at least two SsrB-regulated processes streamline existence in the intracellular niche afforded by T3SS-2 seems to be a predictable outcome of evolution and natural selection. However, and importantly, these are the first such functions to be implicated as being SsrB dependent. The concept of T3SS-associated transcription factors coordinating manipulations of host cells together with distinct bacterial processes for increased efficiency has unrealized implications for numerous host-pathogen systems.
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43
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Kang Y, Ge Y, Cassidy RM, Lam V, Luo L, Moon KM, Lewis R, Molday RS, Wong ROL, Foster LJ, Craig AM. A combined transgenic proteomic analysis and regulated trafficking of neuroligin-2. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29350-64. [PMID: 25190809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses, the basic units of communication in the brain, require complex molecular machinery for neurotransmitter release and reception. Whereas numerous components of excitatory postsynaptic sites have been identified, relatively few proteins are known that function at inhibitory postsynaptic sites. One such component is neuroligin-2 (NL2), an inhibitory synapse-specific cell surface protein that functions in cell adhesion and synaptic organization via binding to neurexins. In this study, we used a transgenic tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry strategy to isolate and characterize NL2-associated complexes. Complexes purified from brains of transgenic His6-FLAG-YFP-NL2 mice showed enrichment in the Gene Ontology terms cell-cell signaling and synaptic transmission relative to complexes purified from wild type mice as a negative control. In addition to expected components including GABA receptor subunits and gephyrin, several novel proteins were isolated in association with NL2. Based on the presence of multiple components involved in trafficking and endocytosis, we showed that NL2 undergoes dynamin-dependent endocytosis in response to soluble ligand and colocalizes with VPS35 retromer in endosomes. Inhibitory synapses in brain also present a particular challenge for imaging. Whereas excitatory synapses on spines can be imaged with a fluorescent cell fill, inhibitory synapses require a molecular tag. We find the His6-FLAG-YFP-NL2 to be a suitable tag, with the unamplified YFP signal localizing appropriately to inhibitory synapses in multiple brain regions including cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Altogether, we characterize NL2-associated complexes, demonstrate regulated trafficking of NL2, and provide tools for further proteomic and imaging studies of inhibitory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Kang
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Robert M Cassidy
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Vivian Lam
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Lin Luo
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for High-throughput Biology and
| | - Renate Lewis
- the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Robert S Molday
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Macular Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rachel O L Wong
- the Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Leonard J Foster
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for High-throughput Biology and
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- From the Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada,
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Pelosi P, Iovinella I, Felicioli A, Dani FR. Soluble proteins of chemical communication: an overview across arthropods. Front Physiol 2014; 5:320. [PMID: 25221516 PMCID: PMC4145409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of chemical signals both in insects and in vertebrates is mediated by soluble proteins, highly concentrated in olfactory organs, which bind semiochemicals and activate, with still largely unknown mechanisms, specific chemoreceptors. The same proteins are often found in structures where pheromones are synthesized and released, where they likely perform a second role in solubilizing and delivering chemical messengers in the environment. A single class of soluble polypeptides, called Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBPs) is known in vertebrates, while two have been identified in insects, OBPs and CSPs (Chemosensory Proteins). Despite their common name, OBPs of vertebrates bear no structural similarity with those of insects. We observed that in arthropods OBPs are strictly limited to insects, while a few members of the CSP family have been found in crustacean and other arthropods, where however, based on their very limited numbers, a function in chemical communication seems unlikely. The question we address in this review is whether another class of soluble proteins may have been adopted by other arthropods to perform the role of OBPs and CSPs in insects. We propose that lipid-transporter proteins of the Niemann-Pick type C2 family could represent likely candidates and report the results of an analysis of their sequences in representative species of different arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pelosi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Francesca R Dani
- Biology Department, University of Firenze Firenze, Italy ; CISM, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Firenze Firenze, Italy
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Feng M, Ramadan H, Han B, Fang Y, Li J. Hemolymph proteome changes during worker brood development match the biological divergences between western honey bees (Apis mellifera) and eastern honey bees (Apis cerana). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:563. [PMID: 24996860 PMCID: PMC4111844 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemolymph plays key roles in honey bee molecule transport, immune defense, and in monitoring the physiological condition. There is a lack of knowledge regarding how the proteome achieves these biological missions for both the western and eastern honey bees (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana). A time-resolved proteome was compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics to reveal the mechanistic differences by analysis of hemolymph proteome changes between the worker bees of two bee species during the larval to pupal stages. Results The brood body weight of Apis mellifera was significantly heavier than that of Apis cerana at each developmental stage. Significantly, different protein expression patterns and metabolic pathways were observed in 74 proteins (166 spots) that were differentially abundant between the two bee species. The function of hemolymph in energy storage, odor communication, and antioxidation is of equal importance for the western and eastern bees, indicated by the enhanced expression of different protein species. However, stronger expression of protein folding, cytoskeletal and developmental proteins, and more highly activated energy producing pathways in western bees suggests that the different bee species have developed unique strategies to match their specific physiology using hemolymph to deliver nutrients and in immune defense. Conclusions Our disparate findings constitute a proof-of-concept of molecular details that the ecologically shaped different physiological conditions of different bee species match with the hemolymph proteome during the brood stage. This also provides a starting point for future research on the specific hemolymph proteins or pathways related to the differential phenotypes or physiology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-563) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China.
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The virion of Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV) contains a complex suite of proteins for transcription and DNA repair. Virology 2014; 466-467:82-94. [PMID: 24973308 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV) is a giant virus of the Mimiviridae family that infects the marine phagotrophic flagellate C. roenbergensis. CroV possesses a DNA genome of ~730 kilobase pairs that is predicted to encode 544 proteins. We analyzed the protein composition of purified CroV particles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified 141 virion-associated CroV proteins and 60 host proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000993. Predicted functions could be assigned to 36% of the virion proteins, which include structural proteins as well as enzymes for transcription, DNA repair, redox reactions and protein modification. Homologs of 36 CroV virion proteins have previously been found in the virion of Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus. The overlapping virion proteome of CroV and Mimivirus reveals a set of conserved virion protein functions that were presumably present in the last common ancestor of the Mimiviridae.
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48
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De Smet L, De Koker D, Hawley AK, Foster LJ, De Vos P, de Graaf DC. Effect of bodily fluids from honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae on growth and genome-wide transcriptional response of the causal agent of American Foulbrood disease (Paenibacillus larvae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e89175. [PMID: 24586572 PMCID: PMC3930689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood disease (AFB), affects honey bee health worldwide. The present study investigates the effect of bodily fluids from honey bee larvae on growth velocity and transcription for this Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium. It was observed that larval fluids accelerate the growth and lead to higher bacterial densities during stationary phase. The genome-wide transcriptional response of in vitro cultures of P. larvae to larval fluids was studied by microarray technology. Early responses of P. larvae to larval fluids are characterized by a general down-regulation of oligopeptide and sugar transporter genes, as well as by amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic genes, among others. Late responses are dominated by general down-regulation of sporulation genes and up-regulation of phage-related genes. A theoretical mechanism of carbon catabolite repression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina De Smet
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter De Koker
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alyse K. Hawley
- University of British Columbia, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul De Vos
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk C. de Graaf
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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49
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Formesyn EM, Cardoen D, Ernst UR, Danneels EL, Van Vaerenbergh M, De Koker D, Verleyen P, Wenseleers T, Schoofs L, de Graaf DC. Reproduction of honeybee workers is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 197:1-4. [PMID: 24333651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eusocial insect societies display a remarkable reproductive division of labor between a single fertile queen and thousands of largely sterile workers. In most species, however, the workers retain the capacity to reproduce, particularly in queenless colonies where typically many workers lay eggs. As yet, the molecular determinants that initiate this shift in worker fertility are still poorly documented. By using RNA interference we here demonstrate that the knockdown of epidermal growth factor receptor, a gene which was previously shown to be involved in queen-worker caste differentiation, also induces reproduction in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera). These data show that worker fertility and queen-worker caste determination partly rely on the same gene regulatory networks, thereby providing a major breakthrough in our understanding of the molecular determinants of the social insects' spectacular reproductive division of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Formesyn
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Cardoen
- Laboratory of Socio-ecology and Social Evolution, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich R Ernst
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen L Danneels
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dieter De Koker
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Verleyen
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socio-ecology and Social Evolution, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Elsik CG, Worley KC, Bennett AK, Beye M, Camara F, Childers CP, de Graaf DC, Debyser G, Deng J, Devreese B, Elhaik E, Evans JD, Foster LJ, Graur D, Guigo R, Hoff KJ, Holder ME, Hudson ME, Hunt GJ, Jiang H, Joshi V, Khetani RS, Kosarev P, Kovar CL, Ma J, Maleszka R, Moritz RFA, Munoz-Torres MC, Murphy TD, Muzny DM, Newsham IF, Reese JT, Robertson HM, Robinson GE, Rueppell O, Solovyev V, Stanke M, Stolle E, Tsuruda JM, Vaerenbergh MV, Waterhouse RM, Weaver DB, Whitfield CW, Wu Y, Zdobnov EM, Zhang L, Zhu D, Gibbs RA. Finding the missing honey bee genes: lessons learned from a genome upgrade. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:86. [PMID: 24479613 PMCID: PMC4028053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first generation of genome sequence assemblies and annotations have had a significant impact upon our understanding of the biology of the sequenced species, the phylogenetic relationships among species, the study of populations within and across species, and have informed the biology of humans. As only a few Metazoan genomes are approaching finished quality (human, mouse, fly and worm), there is room for improvement of most genome assemblies. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) genome, published in 2006, was noted for its bimodal GC content distribution that affected the quality of the assembly in some regions and for fewer genes in the initial gene set (OGSv1.0) compared to what would be expected based on other sequenced insect genomes. Results Here, we report an improved honey bee genome assembly (Amel_4.5) with a new gene annotation set (OGSv3.2), and show that the honey bee genome contains a number of genes similar to that of other insect genomes, contrary to what was suggested in OGSv1.0. The new genome assembly is more contiguous and complete and the new gene set includes ~5000 more protein-coding genes, 50% more than previously reported. About 1/6 of the additional genes were due to improvements to the assembly, and the remaining were inferred based on new RNAseq and protein data. Conclusions Lessons learned from this genome upgrade have important implications for future genome sequencing projects. Furthermore, the improvements significantly enhance genomic resources for the honey bee, a key model for social behavior and essential to global ecology through pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Elsik
- Division of Animal Sciences, Division of Plant Sciences, and MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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