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Li X, Fei X, Chen Q, Gao Z, Yin H, Zhang C, Li S, Zhao Z. The Ugd, a capsular polysaccharide synthesis protein, regulates the bacterial motility in Vibrio alginolyticus. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127775. [PMID: 38788350 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in marine animals and humans. In this study, A transposon mutation library of the V. alginolyticus E110 was used to identify motility-related genes, and we found three flagellar and one capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis-related genes were linked to swarming motility. Then, gene deletion and complementation further confirmed that CPS synthesis-related gene ugd is involved in the swarming motility of V. alginolyticus. Phenotype assays showed that the Δugd mutant reduced CPS production, decreased biofilm formation, impaired swimming ability, and increased cytotoxicity compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptome analysis showed that 655 genes (15%) were upregulated and 914 genes (21%) were downregulated in the Δugd strain. KEGG pathway and heatmap analysis revealed that genes involved in two-component systems (TCSs), chemotaxis, and flagella assembly pathways were downregulated in the Δugd mutant. On the other hand, genes involved in pathways of human diseases, biosynthesis ABC transporters, and metabolism were upregulated in the Δugd mutant. The RT-qPCR further validated that ugd-regulated genes are associated with motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and TCSs. These findings imply that ugd may be an important player in the control of some physiological processes in V. alginolyticus, highlighting its potential as a target for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xingyi Fei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zimeng Gao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Han Yin
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shenao Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Singh S, Singh S, Trivedi M, Dwivedi M. An insight into MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection and its pathogenesis: Potential therapeutic targets and challenges. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106674. [PMID: 38714263 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is observed as a common species of Gram-negative bacteria that exist in soil and water. Despite being accepted as a typical component of human skin flora, it has become an important opportunistic pathogen, especially in healthcare settings. The pathogenicity of A. baumannii is attributed to its virulence factors, which include adhesins, pili, lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins, iron uptake systems, autotransporter, secretion systems, phospholipases etc. These elements provide the bacterium the ability to cling to and penetrate host cells, get past the host immune system, and destroy tissue. Its infection is a major contributor to human pathophysiological conditions including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. It is challenging to treat infections brought on by this pathogen since this bacterium has evolved to withstand numerous drugs and further emergence of drug-resistant A. baumannii results in higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The long-term survival of this bacterium on surfaces of medical supplies and hospital furniture facilitates its frequent spread in humans from one habitat to another. There is a need for urgent investigations to find effective drug targets for A. baumannii as well as designing novel drugs to reduce the survival and spread of infection. In the current review, we represent the specific features, pathogenesis, and molecular intricacies of crucial drug targets of A. baumannii. This would also assist in proposing strategies and alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii infections and their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Sushmita Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Mala Trivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India; Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226028, India.
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An L, Yang L, Yan T, Yi M, Liu S, Li H, Bao X. Synthesis and agricultural antimicrobial evaluation of new quinazoline derivatives containing both a piperazine linker and the N-acetyl moiety. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38899477 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To discover more efficient agricultural antimicrobial agents, a series of new quinazoline derivatives containing both a piperazine linker and the N-acetyl moiety were prepared and assessed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. RESULTS All the target compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and the chemical structure of the most potent compound E19 incorporating a 4-trifluoromethoxy substituent was clearly confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The bioassay results indicated that some compounds possessed notable inhibitory effects in vitro against the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). For example, compound E19 had an EC50 (effective concentration for 50% activity) value of 7.1 μg/mL towards this pathogen, approximately 15- and 10-fold more effective than the commercial bactericides thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol (EC50 = 110.2 and 72.4 μg/mL, respectively). Subsequently, the mechanistic studies showed that compound E19 likely exerted its antibacterial efficacies by altering the cell morphology, increasing the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, suppressing the production of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides and the extracellular enzyme activities (amylase and cellulase), and blocking the swimming motility of Xoc. Moreover, the proteomic analysis revealed that compound E19 could reduce the bacterial flagellar biosynthesis and decrease the flagellar motility by down-regulating the expression of the related differential proteins. CONCLUSION Compound E19 exhibited good potential for further development as a bactericide candidate for control of Xoc. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian An
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Taisen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Pacher N, Burtscher J, Bender D, Fieseler L, Domig KJ. Aerobic spore-forming bacteria associated with ropy bread: Identification, characterization and spoilage potential assessment. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110730. [PMID: 38714095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic spore-forming (ASF) bacteria have been reported to cause ropiness in bread. Sticky and stringy degradation, discoloration, and an odor reminiscent of rotting fruit are typical characteristics of ropy bread spoilage. In addition to economic losses, ropy bread spoilage may lead to health risks, as virulent strains of ASF bacteria are not uncommon. However, the lack of systematic approaches to quantify physicochemical spoilage characteristics makes it extremely difficult to assess rope formation in bread. To address this problem, the aim of this study was to identify, characterize and objectively assess the spoilage potential of ASF bacteria associated with ropy bread. Hence, a set of 82 ASF bacteria, including isolates from raw materials and bakery environments as well as strains from international culture collections, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and their species identity confirmed by 16S rRNA and gyrA or panC gene sequencing. A standardized approach supported by objective colorimetric measurements was developed to assess the rope-inducing potential (RIP) of a strain by inoculating autoclaved bread slices with bacterial spores. In addition, the presence of potential virulence factors such as swarming motility or hemolysis was investigated. This study adds B. velezensis, B. inaquosorum and B. spizizenii to the species potentially implicated of causing ropy bread spoilage. Most importantly, this study introduces a standardized classification protocol for assessing the RIP of a bacterial strain. Colorimetric measurements are used to objectively quantify the degree of breadcrumb discoloration. Furthermore, our results indicate that strains capable of inducing rope spoilage in bread often exhibit swarming motility and virulence factors such as hemolysis, raising important food quality considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pacher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Burtscher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Denisse Bender
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Fieseler
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Konrad J Domig
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Barton DL, Chang YR, Ducker W, Dobnikar J. Data-driven modelling makes quantitative predictions regarding bacteria surface motility. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012063. [PMID: 38743804 PMCID: PMC11125545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we quantitatively compare computer simulations and existing cell tracking data of P. aeruginosa surface motility in order to analyse the underlying motility mechanism. We present a three dimensional twitching motility model, that simulates the extension, retraction and surface association of individual Type IV Pili (TFP), and is informed by recent experimental observations of TFP. Sensitivity analysis is implemented to minimise the number of model parameters, and quantitative estimates for the remaining parameters are inferred from tracking data by approximate Bayesian computation. We argue that the motility mechanism is highly sensitive to experimental conditions. We predict a TFP retraction speed for the tracking data we study that is in a good agreement with experimental results obtained under very similar conditions. Furthermore, we examine whether estimates for biologically important parameters, whose direct experimental determination is challenging, can be inferred directly from tracking data. One example is the width of the distribution of TFP on the bacteria body. We predict that the TFP are broadly distributed over the bacteria pole in both walking and crawling motility types. Moreover, we identified specific configurations of TFP that lead to transitions between walking and crawling states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Barton
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yow-Ren Chang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virgina, United States of America
| | - Jure Dobnikar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dong S, Zeng Q, He W, Cheng W, Zhang L, Zhong R, He W, Fang X, Wei H. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 on a female frailty model induced by fecal microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:3993-4009. [PMID: 38516869 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05282f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Frailty, a complex geriatric syndrome, significantly impedes the goal of achieving 'healthy aging'. Increasing evidence suggests a connection between gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and disease. However, it remains to be determined whether interventions targeting the intestinal flora can effectively ameliorate frailty. Our research involved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments on germ-free (GF) mice, dividing these mice into three groups: a group receiving transplants from healthy elderly individuals (HF group), a group of frailty patients (FF group), and the FF group supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 (FFL group). Our findings indicated a significant shift in the gut microbiota of the FF group, in contrast to the HF group, characterized by decreased Akkermansia and increased Enterocloster, Parabacteroides, and Eisenbergiella. Concurrently, there was a reduction in amino acids and SCFAs, with BFS1243 partially mitigating these changes. The FF group exhibited an upregulation of inflammatory markers, including PGE2, CRP, and TNF-α, and a downregulation of irisin, all of which were moderated by BFS1243 treatment. Furthermore, BFS1243 improved intestinal barrier integrity and physical endurance in the FF mice. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between SCFA-producing species and metabolites like lysine and butyric acid with pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study conclusively demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbiota of elderly individuals can lead to physical frailty, likely due to detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier and a pro-inflammatory state. These findings underscore the potential of gut microbiome modulation as a clinical strategy for treating frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashuang Dong
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
| | - Weimin He
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, P. R. China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, P. R. China.
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Thunes NC, Evenhuis JP, Lipscomb RS, Pérez-Pascual D, Stevick RJ, Birkett C, Ghigo JM, McBride MJ. Gliding motility proteins GldJ and SprB contribute to Flavobacterium columnare virulence. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0006824. [PMID: 38517170 PMCID: PMC11025331 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00068-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in fish. Columnaris disease is incompletely understood, and adequate control measures are lacking. The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is required for F. columnare gliding motility and virulence. The T9SS and gliding motility machineries share some, but not all, components. GldN (required for gliding and for secretion) and PorV (involved in secretion but not required for gliding) are both needed for virulence, implicating T9SS-mediated secretion in virulence. The role of motility in virulence is uncertain. We constructed and analyzed sprB, sprF, and gldJ mutants that were defective for motility but that maintained T9SS function to understand the role of motility in virulence. Wild-type cells moved rapidly and formed spreading colonies. In contrast, sprB and sprF deletion mutants were partially defective in gliding and formed nonspreading colonies. Both mutants exhibited reduced virulence in rainbow trout fry. A gldJ deletion mutant was nonmotile, secretion deficient, and avirulent in rainbow trout fry. To separate the roles of GldJ in secretion and in motility, we generated gldJ truncation mutants that produce nearly full-length GldJ. Mutant gldJ563, which produces GldJ truncated at amino acid 563, was defective for gliding but was competent for secretion as measured by extracellular proteolytic activity. This mutant displayed reduced virulence in rainbow trout fry, suggesting that motility contributes to virulence. Fish that survived exposure to the sprB deletion mutant or the gldJ563 mutant exhibited partial resistance to later challenge with wild-type cells. The results aid our understanding of columnaris disease and may suggest control strategies.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in many species of freshwater fish in the wild and in aquaculture systems. Fish mortalities resulting from columnaris disease are a major problem for aquaculture. F. columnare virulence is incompletely understood, and control measures are inadequate. Gliding motility and protein secretion have been suggested to contribute to columnaris disease, but evidence directly linking motility to disease was lacking. We isolated and analyzed mutants that were competent for secretion but defective for motility. Some of these mutants exhibited decreased virulence. Fish that had been exposed to these mutants were partially protected from later exposure to the wild type. The results contribute to our understanding of columnaris disease and may aid development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Thunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason P. Evenhuis
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan S. Lipscomb
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - David Pérez-Pascual
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca J. Stevick
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Clayton Birkett
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Mark J. McBride
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Rahman Z, McLaws M, Thomas T. Genomic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from urban wastewater in Australia. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1403. [PMID: 38488803 PMCID: PMC10941799 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Sydney's wastewater. These isolates exhibit resistance to critical antibiotics and harbor novel resistance mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of wastewater-based surveillance in monitoring resistance beyond the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zillur Rahman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Marine Science and InnovationUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mary‐Louise McLaws
- School of Population HealthUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- UNSW Global Water InstituteUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Marine Science and InnovationUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Chen K, Liang J, Wang Y, Tao Y, Lu Y, Wang A. A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:227-235. [PMID: 38135391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks. A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk features. This study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), the vector of ARG/VFG, and dominant pathogens in global WWTP effluents. We collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk factors. Our results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type, while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of VFGs. The most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance, which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant infections. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most dominant pathogen, rather than Escherichia coli, and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis) suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be appropriate. The Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP effluents. Our study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents, providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Chen
- Shenzhen Guohuan Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., LTD., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yechen Tao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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González A, Fullaondo A, Odriozola A. Impact of evolution on lifestyle in microbiome. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:149-198. [PMID: 38908899 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This chapter analyses the interaction between microbiota and humans from an evolutionary point of view. Long-term interactions between gut microbiota and host have been generated as a result of dietary choices through coevolutionary processes, where mutuality of advantage is essential. Likewise, the characteristics of the intestinal environment have made it possible to describe different intrahost evolutionary mechanisms affecting microbiota. For its part, the intestinal microbiota has been of great importance in the evolution of mammals, allowing the diversification of dietary niches, phenotypic plasticity and the selection of host phenotypes. Although the origin of the human intestinal microbial community is still not known with certainty, mother-offspring transmission plays a key role, and it seems that transmissibility between individuals in adulthood also has important implications. Finally, it should be noted that certain aspects inherent to modern lifestyle, including refined diets, antibiotic intake, exposure to air pollutants, microplastics, and stress, could negatively affect the diversity and composition of our gut microbiota. This chapter aims to combine current knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of the interaction between microbiota and humans throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Asier Fullaondo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Mukhopadhyay S, Bishayi R, Shaji A, Lee AH, Gupta R, Mohajeri M, Katiyar A, McKee B, Schmitz IR, Shin R, Lele TP, Lele PP. Dynamic Adaptation in Extant Porins Facilitates Antibiotic Tolerance in Energetic Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.583920. [PMID: 38496420 PMCID: PMC10942424 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.583920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria can tolerate antibiotics despite lacking the genetic components for resistance. The prevailing notion is that tolerance results from depleted cellular energy or cell dormancy. In contrast to this view, many cells in the tolerant population of Escherichia coli can exhibit motility - a phenomenon that requires cellular energy, specifically, the proton-motive force (PMF). As these motile-tolerant cells are challenging to isolate from the heterogeneous tolerant population, their survival mechanism is unknown. Here, we discovered that motile bacteria segregate themselves from the tolerant population under micro-confinement, owing to their unique ability to penetrate micron-sized channels. Single-cell measurements on the motile-tolerant population showed that the cells retained a high PMF, but they did not survive through active efflux alone. By utilizing growth assays, single-cell fluorescence studies, and chemotaxis assays, we showed that the cells survived by dynamically inhibiting the function of existing porins in the outer membrane. A drug transport model for porin-mediated intake and efflux pump-mediated expulsion suggested that energetic tolerant cells withstand antibiotics by constricting their porins. The novel porin adaptation we have uncovered is independent of gene expression changes and may involve electrostatic modifications within individual porins to prevent extracellular ligand entry.
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12
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Lu J, Xiong C, Wei J, Xiong C, Long R, Yu Y, Ye H, Ozdemir E, Li Y, Wu R. The role and molecular mechanism of flgK gene in biological properties, pathogenicity and virulence genes expression of Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129082. [PMID: 38161026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a highly pathogenic aquatic resident bacterium that can cause co-morbidity in aquatic animals, waterfowl, poultry, and humans. Flagellum is the motility organ of bacteria important for bacterium tissue colonization and invasion. The flgK gene encodes a flagellar hook protein essential for normal flagellar formation. In order to explore the role of flgK in A. hydrophila, a flgK gene mutant strain of A. hydrophila (∆flgK-AH) was constructed using an efficient suicide plasmid-mediated homologous recombination method, and gene sequencing confirmed successful mutation of the flgK gene. The biological properties, pathogenicity and virulence genes expression were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth, hemolytic, and swarming abilities, but the swimming and biofilm formation abilities of ∆flgK-AH were significantly reduced and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that the ∆flgK-AH strain did not have a flagellar structure. The median lethal dose (LD50) value of the ∆flgK-AH in Carassius auratus was 1.47-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain (WT-AH). The quantitative real-time PCR results showed that only the expression level of the lapA gene was up-regulated by 1.47 times compared with the WT-AH, while the expression levels of other genes were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, flgK gene mutant led to a decline in the pathogenicity possibly by reducing swimming and biofilm formation abilities, these biological properties might result from the down-regulated expression of flagellate and pilus-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanyu Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinming Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caijiang Xiong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Long
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Eda Ozdemir
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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13
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He B, Zhu TT, Liang Y, Wei HJ, Huang ZL, Liang LJ, Zhong JH, Luo Y, Lian XL, Zhao DH, Liao XP, Liu YH, Ren H, Sun J. Adaptive evolution in asymptomatic host confers MDR Salmonella with enhanced environmental persistence and virulence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168340. [PMID: 37931815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
As a common cause for food-borne diseases, the Salmonella spp. are generally prevalent among livestock, whereby they are likely to be transmitted to human via environmental contamination. To explore the potential mechanism for prevalence of MDR Salmonella and its risk for dissemination via contaminated environments, we profiled the colonization dynamics of MDR Salmonella in chicken, herein we found that an adaptive evolution, driven by mutagenesis in a small protein-encoding gene (STM14_1829), conferred the multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella with increased fitness in asymptomatic host. Then the mechanistic study demonstrated that only one amino acid substitution in small protein STM14_1829 rendered MDR Salmonella capable to better invade and persist in phagocytotic cells by modulating bacterial flagella overexpression. Concerningly, the evolved Salmonella was also more resilient to the potential stressors generally found in environments and food processing, including heat, cold, adverse pH and oxidations. It implied that the evolved subpopulations are plausibly more persistent in environments once they contaminated through animal manure or human excreta. Moreover, the evolution promoted the pathogenesis caused by MDR Salmonella in susceptible hosts, resulting in higher risk for dissemination of pathogens via contaminated environments. Together, our data provided the novel insights into that in vivo adaptive evolution benefits Salmonella colonization, persistence and pathogenesis, by promoting bacterial tolerance via modulating flagella expression. These findings may explain the rationale behind the increasing prevalence of certain MDR Salmonella clones in livestock and associated environment, and underscoring the need for advanced strategies to tackle the possible evolution of such zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yin Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hai-Jing Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zi-Lei Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Li-Jie Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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14
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Cardoza E, Singh H. From Stress Tolerance to Virulence: Recognizing the Roles of Csps in Pathogenicity and Food Contamination. Pathogens 2024; 13:69. [PMID: 38251376 PMCID: PMC10819108 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Be it for lab studies or real-life situations, bacteria are constantly exposed to a myriad of physical or chemical stresses that selectively allow the tolerant to survive and thrive. In response to environmental fluctuations, the expression of cold shock domain family proteins (Csps) significantly increases to counteract and help cells deal with the harmful effects of stresses. Csps are, therefore, considered stress adaptation proteins. The primary functions of Csps include chaperoning nucleic acids and regulating global gene expression. In this review, we focus on the phenotypic effects of Csps in pathogenic bacteria and explore their involvement in bacterial pathogenesis. Current studies of csp deletions among pathogenic strains indicate their involvement in motility, host invasion and stress tolerance, proliferation, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. Through their RNA chaperone activity, Csps regulate virulence-associated genes and thereby contribute to bacterial pathogenicity. Additionally, we outline their involvement in food contamination and discuss how foodborne pathogens utilize the stress tolerance roles of Csps against preservation and sanitation strategies. Furthermore, we highlight how Csps positively and negatively impact pathogens and the host. Overall, Csps are involved in regulatory networks that influence the expression of genes central to stress tolerance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India
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15
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Han S, Byun JW, Lee M. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Flagellar-Associated Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its rnc Mutant. J Microbiol 2024; 62:33-48. [PMID: 38182942 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a globally recognized foodborne pathogen that affects both animals and humans. Endoribonucleases mediate RNA processing and degradation in the adaptation of bacteria to environmental changes and have been linked to the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium. Not much is known about the specific regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes in S. Typhimurium, particularly in the context of environmental adaptation. Thus, this study carried out a comparative transcriptomic analysis of wild-type S. Typhimurium SL1344 and its mutant (∆rnc), which lacks the rnc gene encoding RNase III, thereby elucidating the detailed regulatory characteristics that can be attributed to the rnc gene. Global gene expression analysis revealed that the ∆rnc strain exhibited 410 upregulated and 301 downregulated genes (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05), as compared to the wild-type strain. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes are involved in various physiological functions, in both the wild-type and ∆rnc strains. This study provides evidence for the critical role of RNase III as a general positive regulator of flagellar-associated genes and its involvement in the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmok Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Byun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abdulkareem AA, Al-Taweel FB, Al-Sharqi AJ, Gul SS, Sha A, Chapple IL. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: from symbiosis to dysbiosis. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2197779. [PMID: 37025387 PMCID: PMC10071981 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2197779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary etiological agent for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is the dental plaque biofilm which is an organized aggregation of microorganisms residing within a complex intercellular matrix. The non-specific plaque hypothesis was the first attempt to explain the role of the dental biofilm in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. However, the introduction of sophisticated diagnostic and laboratory assays has led to the realisation that the development of periodontitis requires more than a mere increase in the biomass of dental plaque. Indeed, multispecies biofilms exhibit complex interactions between the bacteria and the host. In addition, not all resident microorganisms within the biofilm are pathogenic, since beneficial bacteria exist that serve to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the plaque microbiome and the host’s immune-inflammatory response, preventing the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms and the development of dysbiosis. This review aims to highlight the development and structure of the dental plaque biofilm and to explore current literature on the transition from a healthy (symbiotic) to a diseased (dysbiotic) biofilm in periodontitis and the associated immune-inflammatory responses that drive periodontal tissue destruction and form mechanistic pathways that impact other systemic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- CONTACT Ali A. Abdulkareem College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Firas B. Al-Taweel
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali J.B. Al-Sharqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Aram Sha
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Iain L.C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Li J, Wu J, Wang J, Wang X. Phenotypic variations induced emergence of orientation order and morphology in Bacillus subtilis biofilm growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149198. [PMID: 37931362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
During the Bacillus subtilis biofilm growth on the solid MSgg substrate, the biofilm exhibits highly ordered structures such as matrix-producing-cell chains and Van Gogh bundles due to bacterial orientation order. These structures make the biofilm have strong mobility and environmental adaptability, thus making bacteria easier to survive and thrive in biofilms comparing to planktonic bacteria. We tested the behaviors of different phenotypes as well as their impacts on bacterial clusters: motile cells arrange disorderly, the biofilm made up of motile cells tends to be circular and isotropic; matrix-producing cells form cellular chains that guide motile cells along the chain to form a locally nematic phase, the morphology of the biofilm made up of both motile cells and matrix-producing cells is rendered irregular. Combining the results of a coarse-grained and individual-based model, we can control the biofilm growth through regulating environmental friction, bacterial growth rate and adhesion between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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18
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Claushuis B, de Ru AH, Rotman SA, van Veelen PA, Dawson LF, Wren BW, Corver J, Smits WK, Hensbergen PJ. Revised Model for the Type A Glycan Biosynthetic Pathway in Clostridioides difficile Strain 630Δ erm Based on Quantitative Proteomics of cd0241- cd0244 Mutant Strains. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2665-2674. [PMID: 37965964 PMCID: PMC10714395 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum is involved in a variety of processes including motility, adherence, and immunomodulation. In the Clostridioides difficile strain 630Δerm, the main filamentous component, FliC, is post-translationally modified with an O-linked Type A glycan structure. This modification is essential for flagellar function, since motility is seriously impaired in gene mutants with improper biosynthesis of the Type A glycan. The cd0240-cd0244 gene cluster encodes the Type A biosynthetic proteins, but the role of each gene, and the corresponding enzymatic activity, have not been fully elucidated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses, we determined the relative abundance of the observed glycan variations of the Type A structure in cd0241, cd0242, cd0243, and cd0244 mutant strains. Our data not only confirm the importance of CD0241, CD0242, and CD0243 but, in contrast to previous data, also show that CD0244 is essential for the biosynthesis of the Type A modification. Combined with additional bioinformatic analyses, we propose a revised model for Type A glycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Claushuis
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A. Rotman
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa F. Dawson
- Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Corver
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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19
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Zhang Z, Gaetjens TK, Ou J, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Mallory DP, Abel SM, Yu Y. Propulsive cell entry diverts pathogens from immune degradation by remodeling the phagocytic synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306788120. [PMID: 38032935 PMCID: PMC10710034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306788120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a critical immune function for infection control and tissue homeostasis. During phagocytosis, pathogens are internalized and degraded in phagolysosomes. For pathogens that evade immune degradation, the prevailing view is that virulence factors are required to disrupt the biogenesis of phagolysosomes. In contrast, we present here that physical forces from motile pathogens during cell entry divert them away from the canonical degradative pathway. This altered fate begins with the force-induced remodeling of the phagocytic synapse formation. We used the parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a model because live Toxoplasma actively invades host cells using gliding motility. To differentiate the effects of physical forces from virulence factors in phagocytosis, we employed magnetic forces to induce propulsive entry of inactivated Toxoplasma into macrophages. Experiments and computer simulations show that large propulsive forces hinder productive activation of receptors by preventing their spatial segregation from phosphatases at the phagocytic synapse. Consequently, the inactivated parasites are engulfed into vacuoles that fail to mature into degradative units, similar to the live motile parasite's intracellular pathway. Using yeast cells and opsonized beads, we confirmed that this mechanism is general, not specific to the parasite used. These results reveal new aspects of immune evasion by demonstrating how physical forces during active cell entry, independent of virulence factors, enable pathogens to circumvent phagolysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
| | - Thomas K. Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996
| | - Jin Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
| | - D. Paul Mallory
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
| | - Steven M. Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405-7102
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20
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Abe K, Koizumi N, Nakamura S. Machine learning-based motion tracking reveals an inverse correlation between adhesivity and surface motility of the leptospirosis spirochete. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7703. [PMID: 38052837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility is often a crucial virulence factor for pathogenic species. A common approach to study bacterial motility is fluorescent labeling, which allows detection of individual bacterial cells in a population or in host tissues. However, the use of fluorescent labeling can be hampered by protein expression stability and/or interference with bacterial physiology. Here, we apply machine learning to microscopic image analysis for label-free motion tracking of the zoonotic bacterium Leptospira interrogans on cultured animal cells. We use various leptospiral strains isolated from a human patient or animals, as well as mutant strains. Strains associated with severe disease, and mutant strains lacking outer membrane proteins (OMPs), tend to display fast mobility and reduced adherence on cultured kidney cells. Our method does not require fluorescent labeling or genetic manipulation, and thus could be applied to study motility of many other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Abe
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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21
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Matilla MA, Krell T. Targeting motility and chemotaxis as a strategy to combat bacterial pathogens. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2205-2211. [PMID: 37387327 PMCID: PMC10686171 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Matilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del ZaidínConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del ZaidínConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
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22
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Kamdar S, Ghosh D, Lee W, Tătulea-Codrean M, Kim Y, Ghosh S, Kim Y, Cheepuru T, Lauga E, Lim S, Cheng X. Multiflagellarity leads to the size-independent swimming speed of peritrichous bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310952120. [PMID: 37991946 PMCID: PMC10691209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310952120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To swim through a viscous fluid, a flagellated bacterium must overcome the fluid drag on its body by rotating a flagellum or a bundle of multiple flagella. Because the drag increases with the size of bacteria, it is expected theoretically that the swimming speed of a bacterium inversely correlates with its body length. Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the fundamental size-speed relation of flagellated bacteria remains unclear with different experiments reporting conflicting results. Here, by critically reviewing the existing evidence and synergizing our own experiments of large sample sizes, hydrodynamic modeling, and simulations, we demonstrate that the average swimming speed of Escherichia coli, a premier model of peritrichous bacteria, is independent of their body length. Our quantitative analysis shows that such a counterintuitive relation is the consequence of the collective flagellar dynamics dictated by the linear correlation between the body length and the number of flagella of bacteria. Notably, our study reveals how bacteria utilize the increasing number of flagella to regulate the flagellar motor load. The collective load sharing among multiple flagella results in a lower load on each flagellar motor and therefore faster flagellar rotation, which compensates for the higher fluid drag on the longer bodies of bacteria. Without this balancing mechanism, the swimming speed of monotrichous bacteria generically decreases with increasing body length, a feature limiting the size variation of the bacteria. Altogether, our study resolves a long-standing controversy over the size-speed relation of flagellated bacteria and provides insights into the functional benefit of multiflagellarity in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kamdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Wanho Lee
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Tătulea-Codrean
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Yongsam Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Tejesh Cheepuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Sookkyung Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
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23
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Baztarrika I, Salazar-Sánchez A, Hernaez Crespo S, López Mirones JI, Canut A, Alonso R, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I. Virulence genotype and phenotype of two clinical isolates of Arcobacter butzleri obtained from patients with different pathologies. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:369. [PMID: 37923944 PMCID: PMC10624747 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The surge in human arcobacteriosis has increased interest in determining the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Arcobacter butzleri. Here, genomic analyses and in vitro Caco-2 infection, motility, urease and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) assays were used to characterise the virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of strains HC-1, isolated from a patient with travellers' diarrhoea, and HC-2, isolated from another with pruritus. AMR determinants conferring resistance to tetracycline (tetO, present in both genomes) and to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (bla3, present in HC-2) were identified. The same determinants associated with flagellum, chemotaxis, adhesion and invasion were detected in both, but HC-1 lacked eight flagellar genes. The urease cluster was only present in HC-1. Motility and urease tests confirmed the genetic differences between strains, but no genetic marker related to the inability of HC-2 to adhere and invade was identified. This inability could be conditioning the patient's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Baztarrika
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-d Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Salazar-Sánchez
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-d Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Hernaez Crespo
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Israel López Mirones
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Canut
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-d Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ilargi Martínez-Ballesteros
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-d Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Irati Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-d Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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24
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Liang X, Wei F, Yang H, Fan L, Cai X, Ma Y, Shi J, Xing K, Qiu L, Li X, Lu L, Ji J, Wen Y, Feng J. Flagella-Driven Motility Is Critical to the Virulence of Xanthomonas fragariae in Strawberry. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3506-3516. [PMID: 37157097 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0409-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas fragariae (X. fragariae) is the causal agent of angular leaf spots (ALS) in strawberry plants. Recently, a study in China isolated X. fragariae strain YL19, which was observed to cause both typical ALS symptoms and dry cavity rot in strawberry crown tissue; this was the first X. fragariae strain to have both these effects in strawberry. In this study, from 2020 to 2022, we isolated 39 X. fragariae strains from diseased strawberries in different production areas in China. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis showed that X. fragariae strain YLX21 was genetically different from YL19 and other strains. Tests indicated that YLX21 and YL19 had different pathogenicities toward strawberry leaves and stem crowns. YLX21 did not cause ALS symptoms, rarely caused dry cavity rot in strawberry crown after wound inoculation, and never caused dry cavity rot after spray inoculation, but it did cause severe ALS symptoms after spray inoculation. However, YL19 caused more severe symptoms in strawberry crowns under both conditions. Moreover, YL19 had a single polar flagellum, while YLX21 had no flagellum. Motility and chemotaxis assays showed that YLX21 had weaker motility than YL19, which may explain why YLX21 tended to multiply in situ within the strawberry leaf rather than migrate to other tissues, causing more severe ALS symptoms and mild crown rot symptoms. Taken together, the new strain YLX21 helped us reveal critical factors underlying the pathogenicity of X. fragariae and the mechanism by which dry cavity rot in strawberry crowns forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiancheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China
| | - Yingqiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Wiesmann CL, Wang NR, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Haney CH. Origins of symbiosis: shared mechanisms underlying microbial pathogenesis, commensalism and mutualism of plants and animals. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuac048. [PMID: 36521845 PMCID: PMC10719066 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the outcome of symbiosis, whether it is pathogenic, mutualistic or commensal, bacteria must first colonize their hosts. Intriguingly, closely related bacteria that colonize diverse hosts with diverse outcomes of symbiosis have conserved host-association and virulence factors. This review describes commonalities in the process of becoming host associated amongst bacteria with diverse lifestyles. Whether a pathogen, commensal or mutualist, bacteria must sense the presence of and migrate towards a host, compete for space and nutrients with other microbes, evade the host immune system, and change their physiology to enable long-term host association. We primarily focus on well-studied taxa, such as Pseudomonas, that associate with diverse model plant and animal hosts, with far-ranging symbiotic outcomes. Given the importance of opportunistic pathogens and chronic infections in both human health and agriculture, understanding the mechanisms that facilitate symbiotic relationships between bacteria and their hosts will help inform the development of disease treatments for both humans, and the plants we eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Wiesmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nicole R Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhexian Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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26
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Zou Y, Xiao Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Yin H, Li Y. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in the sediment of WWTP effluent-dominated rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165441. [PMID: 37437635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing aridity due to climate changes, effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) became dominant in some rivers. However, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) in effluent-dominated rivers was rarely investigated. In this study, the profiles of ARGs and VFs in the sediment of two effluent-dominated rivers were revealed through the metagenomic sequencing technique. In each river, samples from the effluent discharge point (P site) and approximately 500 m downstream (D site) were collected. Results showed that the abundances of ARGs and VFs were both higher in D sites than those in P sites, indicating higher risks in the downstream areas. The compositions of ARGs were similar in the P sites of two rivers while being distinct in the D sites. The same was true for changes in the VFs compositions. Microbial community structure variations were the main driver for the changes in ARGs and VFs. Network analysis revealed that the interaction of ARGs and VF genes (VFGs) in sediment was intense. Two VFGs and eleven ARGs were identified to play important roles in the network. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were generated to evaluate the coexistence of ARGs and VFGs at the single genome level. It was found that 38.4 % of the MAGs contained both ARGs and VFGs, and two MAGs were from pathogenic genera. These results suggested that high microbiological risks existed in effluent-dominated rivers, and necessary measures should be taken to prevent the potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Zou
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Dayu College, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Haojie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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27
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Lou F, Wang K, Hou Y, Shang X, Tang F. Inhibitory effect of resveratrol on swimming motility and adhesion ability against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106323. [PMID: 37633505 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is a common Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that threatens public health and hinders the development of livestock industry. Resveratrol, an important component in grape fruits and seeds, has been shown to possess multiple biological activities, but its potential effects on S. typhimurium-mediated virulence have been rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on S. typhimurium flagella -mediated virulence. The results showed that resveratrol significantly reduced the transcription of flagella genes and swimming motility of S. typhimurium, and also inhibited the transcription of T3SS-related virulence genes with varying degrees inhibiting bacterial growth. Simultaneously, resveratrol significantly reduced the adhesion of S. typhimurium to HeLa cells. Unfortunately, resveratrol does not improve the survival rate of S. typhimurium-infected mice, but it reduces the bacterial load in the liver and spleen of infected mice, and it also has a certain degree of anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, these results indicated that resveratrol has the potential to be developed as an alternative drug or antibacterial agent to prevent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Shandong Jinzhuji Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Jinan, 271100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Shang
- Shandong Jinzhuji Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Jinan, 271100, Shandong, China
| | - Fayin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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28
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Burciaga S, Trachsel JM, Sockett D, Aulik N, Monson MS, Anderson CL, Bearson SMD. Genomic and phenotypic comparison of two variants of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated during the 2015-2017 multi-state outbreak in cattle. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1282832. [PMID: 37928690 PMCID: PMC10623430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg (Salmonella Heidelberg) has caused several multistate foodborne outbreaks in the United States, largely associated with the consumption of poultry. However, a 2015-2017 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak was linked to contact with dairy beef calves. Traceback investigations revealed calves infected with outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg exhibited symptoms of disease frequently followed by death from septicemia. To investigate virulence characteristics of Salmonella Heidelberg as a pathogen in bovine, two variants with distinct pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns that differed in morbidity and mortality during the multistate outbreak were genotypically and phenotypically characterized and compared. Strain SX 245 with PFGE pattern JF6X01.0523 was identified as a dominant and highly pathogenic variant causing high morbidity and mortality in affected calves, whereas strain SX 244 with PFGE pattern JF6X01.0590 was classified as a low pathogenic variant causing less morbidity and mortality. Comparison of whole-genome sequences determined that SX 245 lacked ~200 genes present in SX 244, including genes associated with the IncI1 plasmid and phages; SX 244 lacked eight genes present in SX 245 including a second YdiV Anti-FlhC(2)FlhD(4) factor, a lysin motif domain containing protein, and a pentapeptide repeat protein. RNA-sequencing revealed fimbriae-related, flagella-related, and chemotaxis genes had increased expression in SX 245 compared to SX 244. Furthermore, SX 245 displayed higher invasion of human and bovine epithelial cells than SX 244. These data suggest that the presence and up-regulation of genes involved in type 1 fimbriae production, flagellar regulation and biogenesis, and chemotaxis may play a role in the increased pathogenicity and host range expansion of the Salmonella Heidelberg isolates involved in the bovine-related outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Burciaga
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Julian M. Trachsel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Donald Sockett
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Aulik
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa S. Monson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Christopher L. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shawn M. D. Bearson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
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29
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Li X, Chen J, Zhang C, Zhang S, Shen Q, Wang B, Bao M, Xu B, Wu Q, Han N, Huang Z. Fecal Metagenomics Study Reveals That a Low-Fiber Diet Drives the Migration of Wild Asian Elephants in Xishuangbanna, China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3193. [PMID: 37893918 PMCID: PMC10603651 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare northward migration of wild Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna, China, has attracted global attention. Elephant migration is a complex ecological process, and the factors driving this long-distance migration remain elusive. In this study, fresh fecal samples were collected from both captive and wild Asian elephants, along with breastfed calves residing within the Wild Elephant Valley of Xishuangbanna. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and migration patterns in Asian elephants through comprehensive metagenomic sequencing analyses. Among the breastfed Asian elephant group, Bacteroidales and Escherichia emerged as the dominant bacterial taxa, while the primary carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) enriched in this group were GH2, GH20, GH92, GH97, GH38, GH23, and GH43, aligning with their dietary source, namely breast milk. The bacterial taxa enriched in captive Asian elephants (CAEs) were mainly Butyrivibrio, Treponema, and Fibrobacter, and the enriched lignocellulose-degrading enzymes mainly included GH25, GH10, GH9, and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4). These findings are consistent with the high-fiber diet of captive elephants. In contrast, the main bacterial taxa enriched in wild Asian elephants (WAEs) were Ruminococcus and Eubacterium, and the enriched CAZymes included GH109, GH20, GH33, GH28, GH106, and GH39. The abundance of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and CAZyme content was low in WAEs, indicating challenges in processing high-fiber foods and explaining the low-fiber diet in this group. These findings suggest that wild elephant herds migrate in search of nutritionally suitable, low-fiber food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuyin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingzhong Shen
- Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Asian Elephant Provenance Breeding and Rescue Center in Xishuangbanna, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Nanyu Han
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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30
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Suzuki S, Yokota K, Igimi S, Kajikawa A. Negative chemotaxis of Ligilactobacillus agilis BKN88 against gut-derived substances. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15632. [PMID: 37730901 PMCID: PMC10511705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus agilis is a motile lactic acid bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals. The findings of our previous study suggest that the motility of L. agilis BKN88 enables gut colonization in murine models. However, the chemotactic abilities of motile lactobacilli remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the gut-derived chemoeffectors and their corresponding chemoreceptors in L. agilis BKN88. Chemotaxis assays with chemotactic and non-chemotactic (ΔcheA) L. agilis strains revealed that low pH, organic acids, and bile salts served as repellents. L. agilis BKN88 was more sensitive to bile and acid than the gut-derived non-motile lactobacilli, implying that L. agilis might utilize motility and chemotaxis instead of exhibiting stress tolerance/resistance. L. agilis BKN88 contains five putative chemoreceptor genes (mcp1-mcp5). Chemotaxis assays using a series of chemoreceptor mutants revealed that each of the five chemoreceptors could sense multiple chemoeffectors and that these chemoreceptors were functionally redundant. Mcp2 and Mcp3 sensed all tested chemoeffectors. This study provides further insights into the interactions between chemoreceptors and ligands of motile lactobacilli and the unique ecological and evolutionary features of motile lactobacilli, which may be distinct from those of non-motile lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Bello Gonzalez TDJ, van Gelderen B, Harders F, Vloet R, Voorbergen-Laarman M, de Ruiter B, Haenen OLM. Molecular Characterization of Serratia marcescens Strain Isolated from Yellow Mealworms, Tenebrio molitor, in The Netherlands. INSECTS 2023; 14:770. [PMID: 37754738 PMCID: PMC10531621 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Insect culture has developed rapidly worldwide; it faces important security and safety control issues, including animal infections and disease development. In the Netherlands, in 2021, a ~30% mortality of mealworms, Tenebrio molitor, occurred at one farm, where over-humid sites in the substrate were observed. Bacterial cultures from both the external and internal partsof fry and larger mealworms were identified by MALDI-TOF to predominantly Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococus saprofyticus. Due to the important role of S. marcescens as a potential zoonotic bacterium, we performed a molecular characterization of the isolated strain. Genomic analysis showed a multidrug-resistant S. marcescens isolate carrying a tet (41), aac (6')-Ic, and blaSST-1 chromosomal class C beta-lactamase-resistantgenes, all located on the chromosome. Additionally, several virulence genes were identified. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the S. marcescens strain from this study was similar to other S. marcescens strains from different ecological niches. Although the entomopathogenic activity was not confirmed, this case demonstrates that T. molitor can act as a reservoir and as an alternative path for exposing clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can affect animals and humans. It underlines the need to keep management factors optimal, before insects and their products enter the feed and food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita d. J. Bello Gonzalez
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostic Development, Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Betty van Gelderen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; (B.v.G.); (R.V.); (M.V.-L.)
| | - Frank Harders
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Rianka Vloet
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; (B.v.G.); (R.V.); (M.V.-L.)
| | - Michal Voorbergen-Laarman
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; (B.v.G.); (R.V.); (M.V.-L.)
| | - Bart de Ruiter
- Independent Researcher, Ringlaan 1, P.O. Box 65, 6961 KJ Eerbeek, The Netherlands;
| | - Olga L. M. Haenen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; (B.v.G.); (R.V.); (M.V.-L.)
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Piskovsky V, Oliveira NM. Bacterial motility can govern the dynamics of antibiotic resistance evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5584. [PMID: 37696800 PMCID: PMC10495427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity in antibiotic concentrations is thought to accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance, but current theory and experiments have overlooked the effect of cell motility on bacterial adaptation. Here, we study bacterial evolution in antibiotic landscapes with a quantitative model where bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, death, mutation and migration. Numerical and analytical results show that cell motility can both accelerate and decelerate bacterial adaptation by affecting the degree of genotypic mixing and ecological competition. Moreover, we find that for sufficiently high rates, cell motility can limit bacterial survival, and we derive conditions for all these regimes. Similar patterns are observed in more complex scenarios, namely where bacteria can bias their motion in chemical gradients (chemotaxis) or switch between motility phenotypes either stochastically or in a density-dependent manner. Overall, our work reveals limits to bacterial adaptation in antibiotic landscapes that are set by cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Piskovsky
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Nuno M Oliveira
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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Abdulkadieva MM, Sysolyatina EV, Vasilieva EV, Litvinenko VV, Kalinin EV, Zhukhovitsky VG, Shevlyagina NV, Andreevskaya SG, Stanishevskyi YM, Vasiliev MM, Petrov OF, Ermolaeva SA. Motility provides specific adhesion patterns and improves Listeria monocytogenes invasion into human HEp-2 cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290842. [PMID: 37651463 PMCID: PMC10470941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is motile at 22°C and non-motile at 37°C. In contrast, expression of L. monocytogenes virulence factors is low at 22°C and up-regulated at 37°C. Here, we studied a character of L. monocytogenes near surface swimming (NSS) motility and its effects on adhesion patterns and invasion into epithelial cells. L. monocytogenes and its saprophytic counterpart L. innocua both grown at 22°C showed similar NSS characteristics including individual velocities, trajectory lengths, residence times, and an asymmetric distribution of velocity directions. Similar NSS patterns correlated with similar adhesion patterns. Motile bacteria, including both pathogenic and saprophytic species, showed a preference for adhering to the periphery of epithelial HEp-2 cells. In contrast, non-motile bacteria were evenly distributed across the cell surface, including areas over the nucleus. However, the uneven distribution of motile bacteria did not enhance the invasion into HEp-2 cells unless virulence factor production was up-regulated by the transient shift of the culture to 37°C. Motile L. monocytogenes grown overnight at 22°C and then shifted to 37°C for 2 h expressed invasion factors at the same level and invaded human cells up to five times more efficiently comparatively with non-motile bacteria grown overnight at 37°C. Taken together, obtained results demonstrated that (i) NSS motility and correspondent peripheral location over the cell surface did not depend on L. monocytogenes virulence traits; (ii) motility improved L. monocytogenes invasion into human HEp-2 cells within a few hours after the transition from the ambient temperature to the human body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M. Abdulkadieva
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Dusty Plasmas, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, People’s Friendship University RUDN, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Sysolyatina
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Vasilieva
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Dusty Plasmas, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika V. Litvinenko
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Dusty Plasmas, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor V. Kalinin
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, People’s Friendship University RUDN, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Zhukhovitsky
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education (RMANPO), Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Shevlyagina
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Andreevskaya
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav M. Stanishevskyi
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, People’s Friendship University RUDN, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Vasiliev
- Department of Dusty Plasmas, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg F. Petrov
- Department of Dusty Plasmas, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Ermolaeva
- Department of Infections with Natural Foci, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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Frisinger FS, Jana B, Ortiz-Marquez JC, van Opijnen T, Donadio S, Guardabassi L. LptD depletion disrupts morphological homeostasis and upregulates carbohydrate metabolism in Escherichia coli. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad013. [PMID: 37701421 PMCID: PMC10495129 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous in silico study, we identified an essential outer membrane protein (LptD) as an attractive target for development of novel antibiotics. Here, we characterized the effects of LptD depletion on Escherichia coli physiology and morphology. An E. coli CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) strain was constructed to allow control of lptD expression. Induction of the CRISPRi system led to ∼440-fold reduction of gene expression. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed, where strong knockdown effectively inhibited initial growth but partial knockdown exhibited maximum overall killing after 24 h. LptD depletion led to morphological changes where cells exhibited long, filamentous cell shapes and cytoplasmic accumulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transcriptional profiling by RNA-Seq showed that LptD knockdown led to upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, especially in the colanic acid biosynthesis pathway. This pathway was further overexpressed in the presence of sublethal concentrations of colistin, an antibiotic targeting LPS, indicating a specific transcriptional response to this synergistic envelope damage. Additionally, exposure to colistin during LptD depletion resulted in downregulation of pathways related to motility and chemotaxis, two important virulence traits. Altogether, these results show that LptD depletion (i) affects E. coli survival, (ii) upregulates carbohydrate metabolism, and (iii) synergizes with the antimicrobial activity of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Svanberg Frisinger
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bimal Jana
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | | | - Tim van Opijnen
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | | | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Fan G, Xiao Q, Li Q, Xia Y, Feng H, Ma X, Cai L, Sun X. Antimicrobial mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticles to phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae: Damage of cell envelope, suppression of metabolism, biofilm and motility, and stimulation of stomatal immunity on host plant. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105455. [PMID: 37532364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have recently been employed as a new strategy to act as bactericides in agricultural applications. However, the effects and mechanisms of foliar deposition of nanoparticles on bacterial pathogens, plant physiology and particularly plant immunity have not been sufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of ZnO NPs in controlling of tobacco wildfire caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, through the comprehensive analysis of biological changes of both bacteria and plants. The global gene expression changes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci supported that the functions of "protein secretion", "membrane part", "signal transducer activity", "locomotion", "chemotaxis" and "taxis" in bacteria, as well as the metabolic pathways of "bacterial chemotaxis", "two-component system", "biofilm formation", "ABC transporters" and "valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation" were significantly down-regulated by ZnO NPs. Correspondingly, we reconfirmed that the cell envelope structure, biofilm and motility of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci were directly disrupted or suppressed by ZnO NPs. Different from completely killing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, ZnO NPs (0.5 mg/mL) potentially improved plant growth and immunity through enzymatic activity and global molecular response analysis. Furthermore, the changes of gene expression in ABA signaling pathway, ABA concentration and stomatal aperture all supported that ZnO NPs can specifically stimulate stomatal immunity, which is important to defend bacterial infection. Taken together, we proposed that both the inhibition or damage of motility, biofilm, metabolisms, virulence and cell envelope on P. syringae pv. tabaci, and the activation of the stomatal immunity formed two-layered antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO NPs on phytopathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Scientific Utilization of Tobacco Resources, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Qian Li
- Henan Tobacco Company Nanyang City Co., Ltd, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Yinling Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Cai
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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36
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Russell B, Rogers A, Yoder R, Kurilich M, Krishnamurthi VR, Chen J, Wang Y. Silver Ions Inhibit Bacterial Movement and Stall Flagellar Motor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11704. [PMID: 37511461 PMCID: PMC10381017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver (Ag) in different forms has been gaining broad attention due to its antimicrobial activities and the increasing resistance of bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics. However, various aspects of the antimicrobial mechanism of Ag have not been understood, including how Ag affects bacterial motility, a factor intimately related to bacterial virulence. Here, we report our study on how Ag+ ions affect the motility of E. coli bacteria using swimming, tethering, and rotation assays. We observed that the bacteria slowed down dramatically by >70% when subjected to Ag+ ions, providing direct evidence that Ag+ ions inhibit the motility of bacteria. In addition, through tethering and rotation assays, we monitored the rotation of flagellar motors and observed that the tumbling/pausing frequency of bacteria increased significantly by 77% in the presence of Ag+ ions. Furthermore, we analyzed the results from the tethering assay using the hidden Markov model (HMM) and found that Ag+ ions decreased bacterial tumbling/pausing-to-running transition rate significantly by 75%. The results suggest that the rotation of bacterial flagellar motors was stalled by Ag+ ions. This work provided a new quantitative understanding of the mechanism of Ag-based antimicrobial agents in bacterial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Russell
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ariel Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ryan Yoder
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew Kurilich
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Zhang H, Guan W, Shu J, Yu S, Xiong Y, Liu G, Zhong Y, Chen J, Zhao Z, He N, Xing Q, Guo D, Li L, Hongbing O. Graphene nano zinc oxide reduces the expression and release of antibiotic resistance-related genes and virulence factors in animal manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163520. [PMID: 37061060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure contains many antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs), posing significant health threats to humans. However, the effects of graphene nano zinc oxide (GZnONP), a zinc bioaugmentation substitute, on bacterial chemotaxis, ARGs, and VFs in animal manure remain scanty. Herein, the effect of GZnONP on the in vivo anaerobic expression of ARGs and VFs in cattle manure was assessed using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that GZnONP inhibited bacterial chemotaxis by reducing the zinc pressure under anaerobic fermentation, altering the microbial community structure. The expression of ARGs was significantly lower in GZnONP than in zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide (ZnONP) groups. The expression of VFs was lower in the GZnONP than in the zinc oxide and ZnONP groups by 9.85 % and 13.46 %, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that ARGs and VFs were expressed by the Spirochaetes phylum, Paraprevotella genus, and Treponema genus et al. The ARGs-VFs coexistence was related to the expression/abundance of ARGs and VFs genes. GZnONP reduces the abundance of certain bacterial species by disrupting chemotaxis, minimizing the transfer of ARGs and VFs. These findings suggest that GZnONP, a bacterial chemotaxis suppressor, effectively reduces the expression and release of ARGs and VFs in animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Weikun Guan
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Jun Shu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Sen Yu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yingmin Xiong
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Gao Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yuhong Zhong
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Qingfeng Xing
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China.
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Mahdi I, Fahsi N, Annaz H, Drissi B, Barakate M, Mahmoud MF, Sobeh M. Thymus satureioides Coss.: Mineral Composition, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Profiling, and Dermatological Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:4636. [PMID: 37375191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zaitra, Thymus satureioides, is an aromatic plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. In this study, we assessed the mineral composition, nutritional value, phytocontents, and dermatological properties of the aerial parts of T. satureioides. The plant contained high contents of calcium and iron, moderate levels of magnesium, manganese, and zinc, and low contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and copper. It is rich in several amino acids, including asparagine, 4-hydroxyproline, isoleucine, and leucine, and the essential amino acids account for 60.8%. The extract contains considerable amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids (TPC = 118.17 mg GAE/g extract and TFC = 32.32 mg quercetin/g extract). It also comprises 46 secondary metabolites, identified through LC-MS/MS analysis, belonging to phenolic acids, chalcones, and flavonoids. The extract elicited pronounced antioxidant activities, inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa (MIC = 50 mg/mL), and reduced biofilm formation by up to 35.13% using the ¼ sub-MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. Moreover, bacterial extracellular proteins and exopolysaccharides were diminished by 46.15% and 69.04%, respectively. Likewise, the swimming of the bacterium was impaired (56.94% decrease) in the presence of the extract. In silico, skin permeability and sensitization effects revealed that out of the 46 identified compounds, 33 were predicted to be exempt from any skin sensitivity risk (Human Sensitizer Score ≤ 0.5), while extensive skin permeabilities were observed (Log Kp = -3.35--11.98 cm/s). This study provides scientific evidence about the pronounced activities of T. satureioides, supports its traditional uses, and promotes its utilization in the development of new drugs, food supplements, and dermatological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Nidal Fahsi
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Hassan Annaz
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Drissi
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Barakate
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, CNRST Labeled Research Unit N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Department, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Quendera AP, Pinto SN, Pobre V, Antunes W, Bonifácio VDB, Arraiano CM, Andrade JM. The ribonuclease PNPase is a key regulator of biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes and affects invasion of host cells. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37286543 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms provide an environment that protects microorganisms from external stresses such as nutrient deprivation, antibiotic treatments, and immune defences, thereby creating favorable conditions for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. Here we show that the RNA-binding protein and ribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is a positive regulator of biofilm formation in the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, a major responsible for food contamination in food-processing environments. The PNPase mutant strain produces less biofilm biomass and exhibits an altered biofilm morphology that is more susceptible to antibiotic treatment. Through biochemical assays and microscopical analysis, we demonstrate that PNPase is a previously unrecognized regulator of the composition of the biofilm extracellular matrix, greatly affecting the levels of proteins, extracellular DNA, and sugars. Noteworthy, we have adapted the use of the fluorescent complex ruthenium red-phenanthroline for the detection of polysaccharides in Listeria biofilms. Transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and PNPase mutant biofilms reveals that PNPase impacts many regulatory pathways associated with biofilm formation, particularly by affecting the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates (e.g., lmo0096 and lmo0783, encoding PTS components), of amino acids (e.g., lmo1984 and lmo2006, encoding biosynthetic enzymes) and in the Agr quorum sensing-like system (lmo0048-49). Moreover, we show that PNPase affects mRNA levels of the master regulator of virulence PrfA and PrfA-regulated genes, and these results could help to explain the reduced bacterial internalization in human cells of the ΔpnpA mutant. Overall, this work demonstrates that PNPase is an important post-transcriptional regulator for virulence and adaptation to the biofilm lifestyle of Gram-positive bacteria and highlights the expanding role of ribonucleases as critical players in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Quendera
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra Nunes Pinto
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Pobre
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Laboratório de Imagem, Nanomorfologia e Espectroscopia de Raios-X (Linx) da Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química (UMLDBQ), Instituto Universitário Militar, Centro de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento da Academia Militar, Av. Dr Alfredo Bensaúde, 1100-471, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vasco D B Bonifácio
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Maria Arraiano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Marques Andrade
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Hou C, Liu L, Ju X, Xiao Y, Li B, You C. Revisiting Fur Regulon Leads to a Comprehensive Understanding of Iron and Fur Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109078. [PMID: 37240425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element because it functions as a cofactor of many enzymes, but excess iron causes cell damage. Iron hemostasis in Escherichia coli was transcriptionally maintained by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). Despite having been studied extensively, the comprehensive physiological roles and mechanisms of Fur-coordinated iron metabolism still remain obscure. In this work, by integrating a high-resolution transcriptomic study of the Fur wild-type and knockout Escherichia coli K-12 strains in the presence or absence of iron with high-throughput ChIP-seq assay and physiological studies, we revisited the regulatory roles of iron and Fur systematically and discovered several intriguing features of Fur regulation. The size of the Fur regulon was expanded greatly, and significant discrepancies were observed to exist between the regulations of Fur on the genes under its direct repression and activation. Fur showed stronger binding strength to the genes under its repression, and genes that were repressed by Fur were more sensitive to Fur and iron regulation as compared to the genes that were activated by Fur. Finally, we found that Fur linked iron metabolism to many essential processes, and the systemic regulations of Fur on carbon metabolism, respiration, and motility were further validated or discussed. These results highlight how Fur and Fur-controlled iron metabolism affect many cellular processes in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian Ju
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunzhu Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Conghui You
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yao B, Huang R, Zhang Z, Shi S. Diverse Virulence Attributes of Pantoea alfalfae sp. nov. CQ10 Responsible for Bacterial Leaf Blight in Alfalfa Revealed by Genomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098138. [PMID: 37175847 PMCID: PMC10179099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is widely grown worldwide for its excellent nutritional value. Pantoea species living in alfalfa seeds can easily spread over great distances with frequent trade. However, the pathogenic properties of this dangerous hitchhiker on alfalfa have not been evaluated. Here, we identified the taxonomic status of Pantoea strain CQ10 isolated from the interior of alfalfa seeds based on the whole genome sequence. The diverse virulence attributes of strain CQ10 during host infection were characterized through pathogenicity assays and functional and genomic analyses. We report that strain CQ10 belongs to a novel species in the genus Pantoea, which was phylogenetically close to Pantoea vagans and Pantoea agglomerans. Strain CQ10 caused bacterial leaf blight of alfalfa after inoculation from the roots. We found that strain CQ10 possesses a large number of pathogenic genes involved in shaping the virulence properties during bacteria-host interactions, including motility, biofilm, type VI secretion system, and nutrient acquisition. Compared with P. vagans and P. agglomerans, the unique virulence factors of strain CQ10 were mainly involved in motility and biofilm, which were confirmed by in vitro experiments. Taken together, our results suggest that strain CQ10 is the first Pantoea species to infect alfalfa, and it possesses diverse virulence attributes among which motility and biofilm may be the best weapons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhenfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhang S, Van Haesebroeck J, Yang Q, Defoirdt T. Indole-3-acetic acid increases the survival of brine shrimp challenged with vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:477-486. [PMID: 36656658 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade (including closely related species such as Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) are important pathogens of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the use of indole-3-acetic acid to control disease caused by Harveyi clade vibrios. Indole-3-acetic acid, which can be produced by various seaweeds and microalgae, was added to the rearing water of brine shrimp larvae challenged with 12 different Harveyi clade Vibrio strains. Indole-3-acetic acid significantly decreased the virulence of 10 of the strains without any effect on their growth. The latter is important as it will minimize the selective pressure for resistance development. The survival rate of brine shrimp larvae increased from 1.2-fold to 4.8-fold upon treatment with 400 μM indole-3-acetic acid. Additionally, indole-3-acetic acid significantly decreased the swimming motility in 10 of the strains and biofilm formation in eight of the strains. The mRNA levels of the pirA and pirB toxin genes were decreased to 46% and 42% by indole-3-acetic acid in the AHPND-causing strain V. parahaemolyticus M0904. Hence, our data demonstrate that indole-3-acetic acid has the potential to be an effective virulence inhibitor to control infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Haesebroeck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qian Yang
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhang Z, Gaetjens TK, Yu Y, Paul Mallory D, Abel SM, Yu Y. Propulsive cell entry diverts pathogens from immune degradation by remodeling the phagocytic synapse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538287. [PMID: 37162866 PMCID: PMC10168248 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a critical immune function for infection control and tissue homeostasis. This process is typically described as non-moving pathogens being internalized and degraded in phagolysosomes. For pathogens that evade immune degradation, the prevailing view is that virulence factors that biochemically disrupt the biogenesis of phagoslysosomes are required. In contrast, here we report that physical forces exerted by pathogens during cell entry divert them away from the canonical phagolysosomal degradation pathway, and this altered intracellular fate is determined at the time of phagocytic synapse formation. We used the eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a model because live Toxoplasma uses gliding motility to actively invade into host cells. To differentiate the effect of physical forces from that of virulence factors in phagocytosis, we developed a strategy that used magnetic forces to induce propulsive entry of inactivated Toxoplasma into macrophage cells. Experiments and computer simulations collectively reveal that large propulsive forces suppress productive activation of receptors by hindering their spatial segregation from phosphatases at the phagocytic synapse. Consequently, the inactivated parasites, instead of being degraded in phagolysosomes, are engulfed into vacuoles that fail to mature into degradative units, following an intracellular pathway strikingly similar to that of the live motile parasite. Using opsonized beads, we further confirmed that this mechanism is general, not specific to the parasite used. These results reveal previously unknown aspects of immune evasion by demonstrating how physical forces exerted during active cell entry, independent of virulence factors, can help pathogens circumvent phagolysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
| | - Thomas K. Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
| | - D. Paul Mallory
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
| | - Steven M. Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
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Gonçalves ASC, Leitão MM, Simões M, Borges A. The action of phytochemicals in biofilm control. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:595-627. [PMID: 36537821 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Antimicrobial resistance is now rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world, threatening the treatment of an ever-increasing range of infectious diseases. This has becoming a serious public health problem, especially due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among clinically important bacterial species and their ability to form biofilms. In addition, current anti-infective therapies have low efficacy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections, leading to recurrence, chronicity, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to search for innovative strategies/antibacterial agents capable of overcoming the limitations of conventional antibiotics. Natural compounds, in particular those obtained from plants, have been exhibiting promising properties in this field. Plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) can act as antibiofilm agents through different mechanisms of action from the available antibiotics (inhibition of quorum-sensing, motility, adhesion, and reactive oxygen species production, among others). The combination of different phytochemicals and antibiotics have revealed synergistic or additive effects in biofilm control. This review aims to bring together the most relevant reports on the antibiofilm properties of phytochemicals, as well as insights into their structure and mechanistic action against bacterial pathogens, spanning December 2008 to December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Kemper L, Hensel A. Campylobacter jejuni: targeting host cells, adhesion, invasion, and survival. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2725-2754. [PMID: 36941439 PMCID: PMC10027602 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, causing strong enteritis, is an unusual bacterium with numerous peculiarities. Chemotactically controlled motility in viscous milieu allows targeted navigation to intestinal mucus and colonization. By phase variation, quorum sensing, extensive O-and N-glycosylation and use of the flagellum as type-3-secretion system C. jejuni adapts effectively to environmental conditions. C. jejuni utilizes proteases to open cell-cell junctions and subsequently transmigrates paracellularly. Fibronectin at the basolateral side of polarized epithelial cells serves as binding site for adhesins CadF and FlpA, leading to intracellular signaling, which again triggers membrane ruffling and reduced host cell migration by focal adhesion. Cell contacts of C. jejuni results in its secretion of invasion antigens, which induce membrane ruffling by paxillin-independent pathway. In addition to fibronectin-binding proteins, other adhesins with other target structures and lectins and their corresponding sugar structures are involved in host-pathogen interaction. Invasion into the intestinal epithelial cell depends on host cell structures. Fibronectin, clathrin, and dynein influence cytoskeletal restructuring, endocytosis, and vesicular transport, through different mechanisms. C. jejuni can persist over a 72-h period in the cell. Campylobacter-containing vacuoles, avoid fusion with lysosomes and enter the perinuclear space via dynein, inducing signaling pathways. Secretion of cytolethal distending toxin directs the cell into programmed cell death, including the pyroptotic release of proinflammatory substances from the destroyed cell compartments. The immune system reacts with an inflammatory cascade by participation of numerous immune cells. The development of autoantibodies, directed not only against lipooligosaccharides, but also against endogenous gangliosides, triggers autoimmune diseases. Lesions of the epithelium result in loss of electrolytes, water, and blood, leading to diarrhea, which flushes out mucus containing C. jejuni. Together with the response of the immune system, this limits infection time. Based on the structural interactions between host cell and bacterium, the numerous virulence mechanisms, signaling, and effects that characterize the infection process of C. jejuni, a wide variety of targets for attenuation of the pathogen can be characterized. The review summarizes strategies of C. jejuni for host-pathogen interaction and should stimulate innovative research towards improved definition of targets for future drug development. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial adhesion of Campylobacter to host cells and invasion into host cells are strictly coordinated processes, which can serve as targets to prevent infection. • Reaction and signalling of host cell depend on the cell type. • Campylobacter virulence factors can be used as targets for development of antivirulence drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kemper
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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46
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Suerbaum S, Ailloud F. Genome and population dynamics during chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102304. [PMID: 36958230 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is responsible for one of the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide. Chronic infection typically leads to chronic active gastritis. Clinical sequelae, including peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma or, most importantly, gastric adenocarcinoma develop in 10-15% of cases. H. pylori is characterized by extensive inter-strain diversity which is the result of a high mutation rate, recombination, and a large repertoire of restriction-modification systems. This diversity is thought to be a major contributor to H. pylori's persistence and exceptional aptitude to adapt to the gastric environment and evade the immune system. This review covers efforts in the last decade to characterize and understand the multiple layers of H. pylori's diversity in different biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Suerbaum
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany; DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany; German National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Florent Ailloud
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany; DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Vass LR, Bourret RB, Foster CA. Analysis of CheW-like domains provides insights into organization of prokaryotic chemotaxis systems. Proteins 2023; 91:315-329. [PMID: 36134607 PMCID: PMC9898116 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control locomotion in a dynamic environment provides a competitive advantage for microorganisms, thus driving the evolution of sophisticated regulatory systems. In total, 19 known categories of chemotaxis systems control motility mediated by flagella or Type IV pili, plus other cellular functions. A key feature that distinguishes chemotaxis systems from generic two-component regulatory systems is separation of receptor and kinase functions into distinct proteins, linked by CheW scaffold proteins. This arrangement allows for formation of varied arrays with remarkable signaling properties. We recently analyzed sequences of CheW-like domains found in CheA kinases and CheW and CheV scaffold proteins. In total, 16 Architectures of CheA, CheW, and CheV proteins contain ~94% of all CheW-like domains and form six Classes with likely functional specializations. We surveyed chemotaxis system categories and proteins containing CheW-like domains in ~1900 prokaryotic species, the most comprehensive analysis to date, revealing new insights. Co-occurrence analyses suggested that many chemotaxis systems occur in non-random combinations within species, implying synergy or antagonism. Furthermore, many Architectures of proteins containing CheW-like domains occurred predominantly with specific categories of chemotaxis systems, suggesting specialized functional interactions. We propose Class 1 (~80%) and Class 6 (~20%) CheW proteins exhibit preferences for distinct chemoreceptor structures. Furthermore, rare (~1%) Class 2 CheW proteins frequently co-occurred with methyl-accepting coiled coil proteins, which contain both receptor and kinase functions and so do not require connection via a CheW scaffold but may benefit from arrays. Last, rare multidomain CheW proteins may interact with different receptors than single-domain CheW proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Vass
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Bourret
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clay A. Foster
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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van Praagh J, Havenga K. What Is the Microbiome? A Description of a Social Network. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:91-97. [PMID: 36844706 PMCID: PMC9946720 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has coevolved with its hosts over the years, forming a complex and symbiotic relationship. It is formed by what we do, what we eat, where we live, and with whom we live. The microbiome is known to influence our health by training our immune system and providing nutrients for the human body. However, when the microbiome becomes out of balance and dysbiosis occurs, the microorganisms within can cause or contribute to diseases. This major influencer on our health is studied intensively, but it is unfortunately often overlooked by the surgeon and in surgical practice. Because of that, there is not much literature about the microbiome and its influence on surgical patients or procedures. However, there is evidence that it plays a major role, showing that it needs to be a topic of interest for the surgeon. This review is written to show the surgeon the importance of the microbiome and why it should be taken into consideration when preparing or treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.B. van Praagh
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Havenga
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Shadan A, Pathak A, Ma Y, Pathania R, Singh RP. Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1053968. [PMID: 36968113 PMCID: PMC10038080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1053968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infectionAcinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of hospital acquired infetions. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been categorised as a Priority1 critial pathogen by the World Health Organisation. A. baumannii is responsible for infections in hospital settings, clinical sectors, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections with a mortality rates up to 35%. With the development of advanced genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of manipulating bacterial genomes, and animal infection studies, it has become more convenient to identify the factors that play a major role in A. baumannii infection and its persistence. In the present review, we have explored the mechanism of infection, virulence factors, and various other factors associated with the pathogenesis of this organism. Additionally, the role of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the current progress in the development of innovative strategies to combat this multidrug-resistant pathogen is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Shadan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avik Pathak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
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50
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Akahoshi DT, Natwick DE, Yuan W, Lu W, Collins SR, Bevins CL. Flagella-driven motility is a target of human Paneth cell defensin activity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011200. [PMID: 36821624 PMCID: PMC9990921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian intestine, flagellar motility can provide microbes competitive advantage, but also threatens the spatial segregation established by the host at the epithelial surface. Unlike microbicidal defensins, previous studies indicated that the protective activities of human α-defensin 6 (HD6), a peptide secreted by Paneth cells of the small intestine, resides in its remarkable ability to bind microbial surface proteins and self-assemble into protective fibers and nets. Given its ability to bind flagellin, we proposed that HD6 might be an effective inhibitor of bacterial motility. Here, we utilized advanced automated live cell fluorescence imaging to assess the effects of HD6 on actively swimming Salmonella enterica in real time. We found that HD6 was able to effectively restrict flagellar motility of individual bacteria. Flagellin-specific antibody, a classic inhibitor of flagellar motility that utilizes a mechanism of agglutination, lost its activity at low bacterial densities, whereas HD6 activity was not diminished. A single amino acid variant of HD6 that was able to bind flagellin, but not self-assemble, lost ability to inhibit flagellar motility. Together, these results suggest a specialized role of HD6 self-assembly into polymers in targeting and restricting flagellar motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T. Akahoshi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dean E. Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean R. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Bevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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