1
|
Li J, Xiong A, Wang J, Wu X, Bai L, Zhang L, He X, Li G. Deciphering the microbial landscape of lower respiratory tract infections: insights from metagenomics and machine learning. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1385562. [PMID: 38846353 PMCID: PMC11153674 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1385562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lower respiratory tract infections represent prevalent ailments. Nonetheless, current comprehension of the microbial ecosystems within the lower respiratory tract remains incomplete and necessitates further comprehensive assessment. Leveraging the advancements in metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology alongside the emergence of machine learning, it is now viable to compare the attributes of lower respiratory tract microbial communities among patients across diverse age groups, diseases, and infection types. Method We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 138 patients diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infections and conducted mNGS to characterize the lung microbiota. Employing various machine learning algorithms, we investigated the correlation of key bacteria in patients with concurrent bronchiectasis and developed a predictive model for hospitalization duration based on these identified key bacteria. Result We observed variations in microbial communities across different age groups, diseases, and infection types. In the elderly group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the highest relative abundance, followed by Corynebacterium striatum and Acinetobacter baumannii. Methylobacterium and Prevotella emerged as the dominant genera at the genus level in the younger group, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Haemophilus influenzae were prevalent species. Within the bronchiectasis group, dominant bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Significant differences in the presence of Pseudomonas phage JBD93 were noted between the bronchiectasis group and the control group. In the group with concomitant fungal infections, the most abundant genera were Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the predominant species. Notable differences were observed in the presence of Human gammaherpesvirus 4, Human betaherpesvirus 5, Candida albicans, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus fumigatus between the group with concomitant fungal infections and the bacterial group. Machine learning algorithms were utilized to select bacteria and clinical indicators associated with hospitalization duration, confirming the excellent performance of bacteria in predicting hospitalization time. Conclusion Our study provided a comprehensive description of the microbial characteristics among patients with lower respiratory tract infections, offering insights from various perspectives. Additionally, we investigated the advanced predictive capability of microbial community features in determining the hospitalization duration of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Clinical Medicine Department, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walsh D, Bevan J, Harrison F. How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections? Microorganisms 2024; 12:732. [PMID: 38674677 PMCID: PMC11052052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth environment greatly alters many facets of pathogen physiology, including pathogenesis and antimicrobial tolerance. The importance of host-mimicking environments for attaining an accurate picture of pathogen behaviour is widely recognised. Whilst this recognition has translated into the extensive development of artificial cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum medium, attempts to mimic the growth environment in other respiratory disease states have been completely neglected. The composition of the airway surface liquid (ASL) in different pulmonary diseases is far less well characterised than CF sputum, making it very difficult for researchers to model these infection environments. In this review, we discuss the components of human ASL, how different lung pathologies affect ASL composition, and how different pathogens interact with these components. This will provide researchers interested in mimicking different respiratory environments with the information necessary to design a host-mimicking medium, allowing for better understanding of how to treat pathogens causing infection in these environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK (F.H.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pethő ÁG, Fülöp T, Orosz P, Tapolyai M. Magnesium Is a Vital Ion in the Body-It Is Time to Consider Its Supplementation on a Routine Basis. Clin Pract 2024; 14:521-535. [PMID: 38525719 PMCID: PMC10961779 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of maintaining proper magnesium intake and total body magnesium content in preserving human health remains underappreciated among medical professionals and laymen. This review aimed to show the importance of hypomagnesemia as a modifiable risk factor for developing disease processes. We searched the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the keywords 'magnesium', 'diabetes', 'cardiovascular disease', 'respiratory disease', 'immune system', 'inflammation', 'autoimmune disease', 'neurology', 'psychiatry', 'cognitive function', 'cancer', and 'vascular calcification'. In multiple contexts of the search terms, all reviews, animal experiments, and human observational data indicated that magnesium deficiency can lead to or contribute to developing many disease states. The conclusions of several in-depth reviews support our working hypothesis that magnesium and its supplementation are often undervalued and underutilized. Although much research has confirmed the importance of proper magnesium supply and tissue levels, simple and inexpensive magnesium supplementation has not yet been sufficiently recognized or promoted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Géza Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Petronella Orosz
- Bethesda Children’s Hospital, 1146 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Tapolyai
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Szent Margit Kórhaz, 1032 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Savaş EM, Yegin ZA, Kök Mİ, Karayel HT, Özkurt ZN, Bozer MN, Çamoğlu M, Gülbahar Ö. Hypomagnesemia May Predict Better Survival and Reduced Nonrelapse Mortality in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:386-393. [PMID: 38365511 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element that is required as a cofactor for many cellular reactions, including immunologic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of serum Mg levels on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) outcomes. METHODS Medical records of 340 alloHSCT recipients (median age: 45 [18-71] years; M/F: 210/130) were reviewed for this retrospective study. Serum Mg levels on days -28, -7, 0, +7, +14, +21, +30, +60, and +90 were included in the analysis. RESULTS Serum Mg+14 levels predicted nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (P = .025) and had a significant impact on the development of mucositis (P = .027), fungal infection (P = .006), engraftment syndrome (P < .001), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) (P = .001), cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (P = .039), and acute graft vs host disease (GvHD) (P < .001). Based on the optimal threshold of serum Mg+14 level (1.33 mg/dL; area under the curve: 0.581 [0.515-0.648]; P = .018), the study group was divided into 2 subgroups as low- and high-Mg+14. The incidence of acute GvHD (P = .002), SOS (P = .013), engraftment syndrome (P = .013), CMV reactivation (P = .001), and Epstein Barr virus reactivation (P = .005) was significantly lower in low-Mg+14 group. The probability of overall survival (OS) was significantly better (P = .002), whereas NRM was lower in the low-Mg+14 group (P = .001). CONCLUSION Hypomagnesemia seems to provide a considerable advantage for the post-transplant outcome, which may confirm its potential role in the immunologic microenvironment and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Merve Savaş
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Arzu Yegin
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Münevver İrem Kök
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Tuğba Karayel
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Nazlı Bozer
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Çamoğlu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gülbahar
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren Q, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tan X, Cheng X, Zhou T, Huang W, Xu Y. The Association Between Serum Magnesium Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5115-5125. [PMID: 36790586 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that the potential role of magnesium remains controversial in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This meta-analysis aims to consolidate the available information from observational studies that have focused on the relationship between magnesium levels and GDM. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Data were extracted independently by two investigators. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to summarize the circulating magnesium levels (CI). This meta-analysis included a total of 17 studies involving 2858 participants including 1404 GDM cases and 1454 healthy controls, which showed that magnesium levels were significantly lower in GDM compared to healthy controls (SMD: - 0.35; 95% CI: - 0.62, - 0.07, P = 0.013). Likewise, the same phenomenon was observed in the third trimester (SMD = - 1.07; 95% CI: - 1.84 to - 0.29, P = 0.007). Other subgroup analyses revealed that this trend of decreasing magnesium concentration was only observed in Europeans (SMD = - 0.64; 95% CI: - 0.90, - 0.38, P < 0.0001). This meta-analysis revealed that serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with GDM than in healthy pregnant women, and this discrepancy was most pronounced in European populations and during the third trimester. Nevertheless, current evidence suggests that circulating magnesium deficiency is associated with gestational diabetes; the challenge for the future is to further elucidate the possible benefits of preventing gestational diabetes through magnesium supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stefanache A, Lungu II, Butnariu IA, Calin G, Gutu C, Marcu C, Grierosu C, Bogdan Goroftei ER, Duceac LD, Dabija MG, Popa F, Damir D. Understanding How Minerals Contribute to Optimal Immune Function. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3355733. [PMID: 37946846 PMCID: PMC10632063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3355733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient mineral supply is vital not only for the innate immune system but also for the components of the adaptive immune defense, which encompass defense mechanisms against pathogens and the delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation in the long term. Generally, a well-balanced diet is capable of providing the necessary minerals to support the immune system. Nevertheless, specific vulnerable populations should be cautious about obtaining adequate amounts of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. Inadequate levels of these minerals can temporarily impair immune competence and disrupt the long-term regulation of systemic inflammation. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms and sources of these minerals is crucial. In exceptional circumstances, mineral deficiencies may necessitate supplementation; however, excessive intake of supplements can have adverse effects on the immune system and should be avoided. Consequently, any supplementation should be approved by medical professionals and administered in recommended doses. This review emphasizes the crucial significance of minerals in promoting optimal functioning of the immune system. It investigates the indispensable minerals required for immune system function and the regulation of inflammation. Moreover, it delves into the significance of maintaining an optimized intake of minerals from a nutritional standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Stefanache
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ionut-Iulian Lungu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | - Cristian Gutu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Constantin Marcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Carmen Grierosu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | | | - Letitia-Doina Duceac
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | | | - Florina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Daniela Damir
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saglietti F, Girombelli A, Marelli S, Vetrone F, Balzanelli MG, Tabaee Damavandi P. Role of Magnesium in the Intensive Care Unit and Immunomodulation: A Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1122. [PMID: 37376511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the role and the importance of magnesium in clinical practice have grown considerably in recent years. Emerging evidence suggests an association between loss of magnesium homeostasis and increased mortality in the critical care setting. The underlying mechanism is still unclear, but an increasing number of in vivo and in vitro studies on magnesium's immunomodulating capabilities may shed some light on the matter. This review aims to discuss the evidence behind magnesium homeostasis in critically ill patients, and its link with intensive care unit mortality via a likely magnesium-induced dysregulation of the immune response. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, and their implications for clinical outcomes, are discussed. The available evidence strongly supports the crucial role of magnesium in immune system regulation and inflammatory response. The loss of magnesium homeostasis has been associated with an elevated risk of bacterial infections, exacerbated sepsis progression, and detrimental effects on the cardiac, respiratory, neurological, and renal systems, ultimately leading to increased mortality. However, magnesium supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in these conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate magnesium levels in the intensive care setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saglietti
- Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Girombelli
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive care and Emergency Medicine, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, 69000 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Vetrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mario G Balzanelli
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Medicine, ASL TA, Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy
| | - Payam Tabaee Damavandi
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oost LJ, Tack CJ, de Baaij JHF. Hypomagnesemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:357-378. [PMID: 36346820 PMCID: PMC10166267 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is tenfold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ intake, gut microbiome composition, medication use and presumably genetics. Hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, which subsequently increases the risk to develop T2D or deteriorates glycaemic control in existing diabetes. Mg2+ supplementation decreases T2D associated features like dyslipidaemia and inflammation; which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between serum Mg2+ and the risk to develop heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and microvascular disease in T2D. The potential protective effect of Mg2+ on HF and AF may be explained by reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis and electrical remodeling in the heart. In microvascular disease, Mg2+ reduces the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improves endothelial dysfunction. Though, clinical studies assessing the effect of long-term Mg2+ supplementation on CVD incidents are lacking and gaps remain on how Mg2+ may reduce CVD risk in T2D. Despite the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in people with T2D, routine screening of Mg2+ deficiency to provide Mg2+ supplementation when needed is not implemented in clinical care as sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is common in people with T2D and is both involved as cause, probably through molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and consequence and is prospectively associated with development of HF, AF and microvascular complications. Whether long-term supplementation of Mg2+ is beneficial, however, remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J Oost
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao H, Qiao S, Qin H, Jandt KD. Antibacterial Designs for Implantable Medical Devices: Evolutions and Challenges. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030086. [PMID: 35893454 PMCID: PMC9326756 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The uses of implantable medical devices are safer and more common since sterilization methods and techniques were established a century ago; however, device-associated infections (DAIs) are still frequent and becoming a leading complication as the number of medical device implantations keeps increasing. This urges the world to develop instructive prevention and treatment strategies for DAIs, boosting the studies on the design of antibacterial surfaces. Every year, studies associated with DAIs yield thousands of publications, which here are categorized into four groups, i.e., antibacterial surfaces with long-term efficacy, cell-selective capability, tailored responsiveness, and immune-instructive actions. These innovations are promising in advancing the solution to DAIs; whereas most of these are normally quite preliminary “proof of concept” studies lacking exact clinical scopes. To help identify the flaws of our current antibacterial designs, clinical features of DAIs are highlighted. These include unpredictable onset, site-specific incidence, and possibly involving multiple and resistant pathogenic strains. The key point we delivered is antibacterial designs should meet the specific requirements of the primary functions defined by the “intended use” of an implantable medical device. This review intends to help comprehend the complex relationship between the device, pathogens, and the host, and figure out future directions for improving the quality of antibacterial designs and promoting clinical translations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Cao
- Interfacial Electrochemistry and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Shichong Qiao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, Castell L. The Role of Minerals in the Optimal Functioning of the Immune System. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030644. [PMID: 35277003 PMCID: PMC8840645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals fulfil a wide variety of functions in the optimal functioning of the immune system. This review reports on the minerals that are essential for the immune system’s function and inflammation regulation. We also discuss nutritional aspects of optimized mineral supply. The supply of minerals is important for the optimal function of the innate immune system as well as for components of adaptive immune defense; this involves defense mechanisms against pathogens in addition to the long-term balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation. Generally, a balanced diet is sufficient to supply the required balance of minerals to help support the immune system. Although a mineral deficiency is rare, there are nevertheless at-risk groups who should pay attention to ensure they are receiving a sufficient supply of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. A deficiency in any of these minerals could temporarily reduce immune competence, or even disrupt systemic inflammation regulation in the long term. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms and supply of these minerals is important. In exceptional cases, a deficiency should be compensated by supplementation; however, supplement over-consumption may be negative to the immune system, and should be avoided. Accordingly, any supplementation should be medically clarified and should only be administered in prescribed concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of Mineral-Balanced Deep-Sea Water on Kidney Function and Renal Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Fed a High-Salt Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413415. [PMID: 34948210 PMCID: PMC8705929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of mineral-balanced deep-sea water (DSW) on kidney health using an animal model of kidney injury due to a high-sodium diet. High magnesium/low sodium (HMLS) and high magnesium/high calcium (HMHC) DSW samples with different mineral contents were prepared. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) diet for four weeks to induce kidney injury, and each group was supplied with purified water or mineral water. Kidney injury was observed in the NaCl group according to increased kidney injury markers and malondialdehydes, providing evidence of oxidative stress. However, the kidney injury was repaired by the intake of mineral-balanced DSW. It was confirmed that the HMLS and HMHC groups showed improved Na+ excretion through the urine. Kidney injury markers in urine decreased and upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein2 mRNA expression was observed in the HMLS and HMHC groups. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity was increased in the HMHC groups. The gene expression patterns of the RNA sequencing were similar between the CON and HMLS groups. These results suggest that DSW has beneficial effects on kidney health due to the balanced magnesium and calcium levels in models of kidney injury caused by excessive sodium intake.
Collapse
|
12
|
Libera K, Konieczny K, Witkowska K, Żurek K, Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieslak A, Smulski S. The Association between Selected Dietary Minerals and Mastitis in Dairy Cows-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2330. [PMID: 34438787 PMCID: PMC8388399 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the association between selected dietary minerals and mastitis in dairy cows. Minerals are a group of nutrients with a proven effect on production and reproductive performance. They also strongly affect immune system function. In particular their deficiencies may result in immunosuppression, which is a predisposing factor for udder inflammation occurrence. The role of selected dietary minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, copper and zinc) has been reviewed. Generally, minerals form structural parts of the body; as cofactors of various enzymes they are involved in nerve signaling, muscle contraction and proper keratosis. Their deficiencies lead to reduced activity of immune cells or malfunction of teat innate defense mechanisms, which in turn promote the development of mastitis. Special attention was also paid to minerals applied as nanoparticles, which in the future may turn out to be an effective tool against animal diseases, including mastitis. To conclude, minerals are an important group of nutrients, which should be taken into account on dairy farms when aiming to achieve high udder health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Libera
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infection Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (K.W.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Kacper Konieczny
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Witkowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infection Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (K.W.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Katarzyna Żurek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infection Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (K.W.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Smulski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amin Yavari S, Castenmiller SM, van Strijp JAG, Croes M. Combating Implant Infections: Shifting Focus from Bacteria to Host. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002962. [PMID: 32914481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of biomaterials to support or replace body parts is increasingly threatened by the risk of implant-associated infections. In the quest for finding novel anti-infective biomaterials, there generally has been a one-sided focus on biomaterials with direct antibacterial properties, which leads to excessive use of antibacterial agents, compromised host responses, and unpredictable effectiveness in vivo. This review sheds light on how host immunomodulation, rather than only targeting bacteria, can endow biomaterials with improved anti-infective properties. How antibacterial surface treatments are at risk to be undermined by biomaterial features that dysregulate the protection normally provided by critical immune cell subsets, namely, neutrophils and macrophages, is discussed. Accordingly, how the precise modification of biomaterial surface biophysical cues, or the incorporation of immunomodulatory drug delivery systems, can render biomaterials with the necessary immune-compatible and immune-protective properties to potentiate the host defense mechanisms is reviewed. Within this context, the protective role of host defense peptides, metallic particles, quorum sensing inhibitors, and therapeutic adjuvants is discussed. The highlighted immunomodulatory strategies may lay a foundation to develop anti-infective biomaterials, while mitigating the increasing threat of antibacterial drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amin Yavari
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Castenmiller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197084. [PMID: 32992944 PMCID: PMC7582682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu M, Dudley SC. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E907. [PMID: 32977544 PMCID: PMC7598282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and treating Mg deficiency may help prevent cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which Mg deficiency plays detrimental roles in cardiovascular diseases and review the results of clinical trials of Mg supplementation for heart failure, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jefferies HJ, Lemoine S, McIntyre CW. High magnesium dialysate does not improve intradialytic hemodynamics or abrogate myocardial stunning. Hemodial Int 2020; 24:506-515. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Lemoine
- University of Lyon Lyon France
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute London Ontario Canada
| | - Christopher W. McIntyre
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute London Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Division of Nephrology London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villa-Bellosta R. Dietary magnesium supplementation improves lifespan in a mouse model of progeria. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12423. [PMID: 32875720 PMCID: PMC7539193 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with redox imbalance according to the redox theory of aging. Consistently, a mouse model of premature aging (LmnaG609G/+) showed an increased level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduced basal antioxidant capacity, including loss of the NADPH‐coupled glutathione redox system. LmnaG609G/+ mice also exhibited reduced mitochondrial ATP synthesis secondary to ROS‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment of LmnaG609G/+ vascular smooth muscle cells with magnesium‐enriched medium improved the intracellular ATP level, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and thereby reduced mitochondrial ROS production. Moreover, treatment of LmnaG609G/+ mice with dietary magnesium improved the proton pumps (complexes I, III, and IV), stimulated extramitochondrial NADH oxidation and enhanced the coupled mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby increased H+‐coupled mitochondrial NADPH and ATP synthesis, which is necessary for cellular energy supply and survival. Consistently, magnesium treatment reduced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo, and improved the longevity of mice. This antioxidant property of magnesium may be beneficial in children with HGPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lorenzoni G, Swain S, Lanera C, Florin M, Baldi I, Iliceto S, Gregori D. High- and low-inpatients' serum magnesium levels are associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients: a neglected marker? Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:407-413. [PMID: 31148098 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serum magnesium (Mg) level in the human body has been hypothesized to have a role in the prediction of hospitalization and mortality; however, the reported outcomes are not conclusive. AIMS The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum Mg and in-hospital mortality (IHM) in patients admitted to the medical ward of two hospitals in the Veneto region (Italy). METHODS Patients > 18 years hospitalized in the medical wards of the hospitals of Vittorio Veneto and Conegliano, Italy (from January 12, 2011, through December 27, 2016) with at least one measurement of serum Mg were included in the study. A logistic regression model was used to assess the unadjusted and adjusted (by age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity index, discharge diagnosis' class) association of serum Mg and IHM. RESULTS In total 5024 patients were analyzed, corresponding to 6980 total admissions. The unadjusted analysis showed that IHM risk was significantly higher with 0.2 mg/dl incremental serum Mg level change from 2.4 mg/dl to 2.6, (OR 1.71 95% CI 1.55-1.89) and with 0.2 mg/dl change from serum Mg level of 1.4 mg/dl to 1.2 mg/dl, (OR 1.28 95% CI 1.17-1.40). Such results were confirmed at adjusted analysis. DISCUSSION Present findings have relevant implications for the clinical management of patients suffering from medical conditions, highlighting the need for analyzing Mg concentration carefully. CONCLUSIONS Serum Mg levels seem to be a good predictor of IHM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Subhashisa Swain
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Corrado Lanera
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mihaela Florin
- Medical Department, Vittorio Veneto Hospital, Vittorio Veneto, Italy
| | - Ileana Baldi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan, 18, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Severe magnesium deficiency compromises systemic bone mineral density and aggravates inflammatory bone resorption. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 77:108301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
20
|
Mariño MM, Grijota FJ, Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Román VT, Muñoz D. Influence of physical training on erythrocyte concentrations of iron, phosphorus and magnesium. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 31996219 PMCID: PMC6988285 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine changes occurring in the erythrocyte concentrations of Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg) and Phosphorous (P) of subjects with different levels of physical training living in the same area of Extremadura (Spain). METHODS Thirty sedentary subjects (24.34 ± 3.02 years) without sports practice and a less active lifestyle, formed the control group (CG); 24 non-professional subjects (23.53 ± 1.85 years), who perform between 4 and 6 h/week of moderate sports practice without any performance objective and without following systematic training formed the group of subjects with a moderate level of training (MTG), and 22 professional cyclists (23.29 ± 2.73 years) at the beginning of their sports season, who performed more than 20 h/week of training, formed the high-level training group (HTG). Erythrocyte samples from all subjects were collected and frozen at - 80 °C until analysis. Erythrocyte analysis of Fe, Mg and P was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). All results are expressed in μg/g Hb. RESULTS The results showed that there were statistically significant lower concentrations of erythrocyte Fe, Mg and P in MTG and HTG than CG. All parameters (Fe, Mg and P concentrations in erythrocytes) correlated inversely with physical training. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise produces a decrease in erythrocyte concentrations of Fe, Mg and P. This situation could cause alterations in the performance of athletes given the importance of these elements. For this reason, we recommend an erythrocyte control at the beginning, and during the training period, to avoid harmful deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Maynar Mariño
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Grijota
- Education Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Victor Toro Román
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Costantino MD, Schuster A, Helmholz H, Meyer-Rachner A, Willumeit-Römer R, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJC. Inflammatory response to magnesium-based biodegradable implant materials. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:598-608. [PMID: 31610341 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradability and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are attractive for orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications. In order to study their cytotoxicity usually bone cells are used. However, after implantation, diverse and versatile cells are recruited and interact. Among the first ones coming into play are cells of the immune system, which are responsible for the inflammatory reaction. Macrophages play a central role in the inflammatory process due to the production of cytokines involved in the tissue healing but also in the possible failure of the implants. In order to evaluate the in vitro influence of the degradation products of magnesium-based alloys on cytokine release, the extracts of pure magnesium and two magnesium alloys (with gadolinium and silver as alloying elements) were examined in an inflammatory in vitro model. Human promonocytic cells (U937 cells) were differentiated into macrophages and further cultured with magnesium-based extracts for 1 and 3 days (simulating early and late inflammatory reaction phases), either at 37 °C or at 39 °C (mimicking normal and inflammatory conditions, respectively). All extracts exhibit very good cytocompatibility on differentiated macrophages. Results suggest that M1 and even more M2 profiles of macrophage were stimulated by the extracts of Mg. Furthermore, Mg-10Gd and Mg-2Ag extracts introduced a nuancing effect by rather inhibiting macrophage M1 profile. Magnesium-based biomaterials could thus induce a faster inflammation resolution while improving tissue repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Macrophage are the key-cells during inflammation and can influence the fate of tissue healing and implant performance. Magnesium-based implants are biodegradable and bioactive. Here we selected an in vitro system to model early and late inflammation and effect of pyrexia (37 °C versus 39 °C). We showed the beneficial and nuancing effects of magnesium (Mg) and the selected alloying elements (silver (Ag) and gadolinium (Gd)) on the macrophage polarisation. Mg extracts exacerbated simultaneously the macrophage M1 and M2 profiles while Mg-2Ag and Mg-10Gd rather inhibited the M1 differentiation. Furthermore, 39 °C exhibited protective effect by either decreasing cytokine production or promoting anti-inflammatory ones, with or without extracts. Mg-based biomaterials could thus induce a faster inflammation resolution while improving tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Costantino
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Schuster
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H Helmholz
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Rachner
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - R Willumeit-Römer
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B J C Luthringer-Feyerabend
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casanova AG, Hernández-Sánchez MT, López-Hernández FJ, Martínez-Salgado C, Prieto M, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of clinically tested protectants of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 76:23-33. [PMID: 31677116 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic drug that has been widely used to treat a number of solid tumors. However, a high incidence of renal damage observed in patients has led researchers to search for alternate strategies that prevent or at least reduce the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and a subsequent meta-analysis to evaluate and identify compounds with effective antitumor activity and lesser side effects that could provide protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS The study included all placebo-controlled trials published up to December 2017 that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 22 articles were finally included to extract the following information: number of patients, doses of cisplatin and protectant, qualitative (acute kidney injury incidence) and quantitative (plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance) indicators of renal function. The odds ratio or the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of each parameter was calculated for each study and group of studies. RESULTS The results of this meta-analysis show that there is great variability in the nephroprotective capacity of a variety of products evaluated. Of all the compounds tested, only magnesium sulfate and cystone were found to exert protective effects. However, more studies need to be conducted to confirm these results. CONCLUSIONS The administration of 1 g of Mg i.v. seems to be the best strategy for the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo G Casanova
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Sánchez
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Prieto
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Vicente-Vicente
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ana Isabel Morales
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, University of Salamanca, Laboratorio 223-226, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Magnesium is a vital cation that takes part in many cellular processes. Magnesium balance can be disturbed in multiple conditions, and differences in magnesium concentration can be responsible for numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is commonly associated with liver diseases, and may result from low nutrient uptake, greater urinary secretion, low serum albumin concentration, or hormone inactivation. In turn, low magnesium content in serum and liver tissue can lead to the progression of these diseases, due to a disruption in mitochondrial function, defective protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, or metabolic disorders. Furthermore, magnesium supplementation can improve liver function in certain liver diseases. This paper comprehensively reviews the changes in magnesium concentrations associated with liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), liver cancer, and viral hepatitis, and explains how such changes may in turn impact these disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dalisson B, Barralet J. Bioinorganics and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900764. [PMID: 31402608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings and the healing enhancement (increasing healing speed and quality) are two components of wound care that lead to a proper healing. Wound care today consists mostly of providing an optimal environment by removing waste and necrotic tissues from a wound, preventing infections, and keeping the wounds adequately moist. This is however often not enough to re-establish the healing process in chronic wounds; with the local disruption of vascularization, the local environment is lacking oxygen, nutrients, and has a modified ionic and molecular concentration which limits the healing process. This disruption may affect cellular ionic pumps, energy production, chemotaxis, etc., and will affect the healing process. Biomaterials for wound healing range from simple absorbents to sophisticated bioactive delivery vehicles. Often placing a material in or on a wound can change multiple parameters such as pH, ionic concentration, and osmolarity, and it can be challenging to pinpoint key mechanism of action. This article reviews the literature of several inorganic ions and molecules and their potential effects on the different wound healing phases and their use in new wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of OrthopaedicsDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal H4A 0A9 QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Córdova A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E, Caballero-García A, Fernandez-Lázaro D. Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081927. [PMID: 31426321 PMCID: PMC6723322 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is a cofactor of different enzymatic reactions involved in anabolic and catabolic processes that affect muscular performance during exercise. In addition, it has been suggested that magnesium could participate in maintaining muscle integrity during demanding effort. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of magnesium supplementation in preventing muscle damage in professional cyclists taking part in a 21-day cycling stage race. Eighteen male professional cyclists (n = 18) from two teams were recruited to participate in the research. They were divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 9) and the magnesium-supplemented group (n = 9). The supplementation consisted of an intake of 400 mg/day of magnesium during the 3 weeks of competition. Blood samples were collected according to World Anti-Doping Agency rules at three specific moments during competition: immediately before the race; mid competition; and before the last stage. Levels of serum and erythrocyte magnesium, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, myoglobin, aldolase, total proteins, cortisol and creatinine were determined. Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels decreased during the race. Circulating tissue markers increased at the end of the race in both groups. However, myoglobin increase was mitigated in the supplemented group compared with the controls. We conclude that magnesium supplementation seems to exert a protective effect on muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Health of Sciences, University of Valladolid Campus de Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Health of Sciences, University of Valladolid Campus de Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain.
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition and Institute of Bioengineering, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03550 Alicante, Spain
- CIBERobn (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Diego Fernandez-Lázaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dietary magnesium deficiency impaired intestinal structural integrity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Sci Rep 2018; 8:12705. [PMID: 30139942 PMCID: PMC6107577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp (223.85–757.33 g) were fed diets supplemented with magnesium (73.54–1054.53 mg/kg) for 60 days to explore the impacts of magnesium deficiency on the growth and intestinal structural integrity of the fish. The results demonstrated that magnesium deficiency suppressed the growth and damaged the intestinal structural integrity of the fish. We first demonstrated that magnesium is partly involved in (1) attenuating antioxidant ability by suppressing Nrf2 signalling to decrease antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels and activities (except CuZnSOD mRNA levels and activities); (2) aggravating apoptosis by activating JNK (not p38MAPK) signalling to upregulate proapoptotic protein (Apaf-1, Bax and FasL) and caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9 gene expression but downregulate antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2, IAP and Mcl-1b) gene expression; (3) weakening the function of tight junctional complexes (TJs) by promoting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling to downregulate TJ gene expression [except claudin-7, ZO-2b and claudin-15 gene expression]. Additionally, based on percent weight gain (PWG), against reactive oxygen species (ROS), against caspase-9 and claudin-3c in grass carp, the optimal dietary magnesium levels were calculated to be 770.38, 839.86, 856.79 and 811.49 mg/kg, respectively.
Collapse
|
27
|
da Silva Lima F, da Rocha Romero AB, Hastreiter A, Nogueira-Pedro A, Makiyama E, Colli C, Fock RA. An insight into the role of magnesium in the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:200-208. [PMID: 29554498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a mineral with the ability to influence cell proliferation and to modulate inflammatory/immune responses, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate the function of all major immune cell populations. Knowing that, the current work aimed to investigate the effects of Mg2+ enrichment, and its influence on the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs. Murine C3H/10T1/2 MSCs were cultivated in media with different concentrations of Mg2+ (0, 1, 3 and 5 mM), in order to evaluate the effects of Mg2+ on MSC immunomodulatory properties, cell proliferation rates, expression of NFκB and STAT-3, production of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10, PGE2 and NO, and TRPM7 expression. The results showed that TRPM7 is expressed in MSCs, but Mg2+, in the way that cells were cultivated, did not affect TRPM7 expression. Additionally, there was no difference in the intracellular concentration of Mg2+. Mg2+, especially at 5 mM, raised proliferation rates of MSCs, and modulated immune responses by decreasing levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and by increasing levels of IL-10 and PGE2 in cells stimulated with LPS or TNF-α. In addition, MSCs cultured in 5 mM Mg2+ expressed lower levels of pNFκB/NFκB and higher levels of pSTAT-3/STAT-3. Furthermore, conditioned media from MSCs reduced lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation, but Mg2+ did not affect this parameter. In addition, conditioned media from MSCs cultured at 5 mM of Mg2+ modulated the production profile of cytokines, especially of IL-1β and IL-6 in macrophages. In conclusion, Mg2+ is able to modulate some immunoregulatory properties of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana da Silva Lima
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Batista da Rocha Romero
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Colli
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen S, Jin X, Liu J, Sun T, Xie M, Bao W, Yu X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shan Z, Liu L. Association of Plasma Magnesium with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12763. [PMID: 28986547 PMCID: PMC5630593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the associations of plasma magnesium with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Chinese adults. We conducted a case-control analysis of 4447 participants: 867 newly diagnosed prediabetes patients, 1475 newly diagnosed T2D patients and 2105 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. In a subsample of 599 apparently healthy individuals, we measured plasma hs-CRP levels to examine their relation to plasma magnesium. Plasma magnesium and hs-CRP were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Plasma magnesium decreased from NGT to prediabetes to T2D, and was inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the ORs from the lowest to highest quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1, 0.57 (95%CI, 0.44–0.74), 0.49 (0.37–0.65) and 0.51 (0.37–0.70) for prediabetes, and 1, 0.26 (0.20–0.33), 0.15 (0.12–0.20) and 0.15 (0.11–0.20) for T2D. Consistently, plasma magnesium was inversely correlated with plasma hs-CRP in our subsample analysis; the geometric mean hs-CRP concentration for ascending quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1.29 (1.06–1.57), 1.16 (0.95–1.41), 1.00 (0.81–1.22), and 0.71 (0.58–0.88) mg/l. Plasma magnesium was independently and inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D in Chinese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Taoping Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kumar G, Solanki MH, Xue X, Mintz R, Madankumar S, Chatterjee PK, Metz CN. Magnesium improves cisplatin-mediated tumor killing while protecting against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F339-F350. [PMID: 28424213 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00688.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of all cancer patients treated with cisplatin, a widely used broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Almost all patients receiving cisplatin have magnesium (Mg) losses, which are proposed to aggravate AKI. Currently, there are no methods to successfully treat or prevent cisplatin-AKI. Whereas Mg supplementation has been shown to reduce AKI in experimental models and several small clinical trials, the effects of Mg status on tumor outcomes in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice and humans have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to further examine the effects of Mg deficiency (±Mg supplementation) on cisplatin-mediated AKI and tumor killing in immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 colon tumors. Using a model where cisplatin alone (20 mg/kg cumulative dose) produced minimal kidney injury, Mg deficiency significantly worsened cisplatin-mediated AKI, as determined by biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine) and histological renal changes, as well as markers of renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. By contrast, Mg supplementation blocked cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Using LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells, we observed that Mg deficiency or inhibition of Mg uptake significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, whereas Mg supplementation protected against cytotoxicity. However, neither Mg deficiency nor inhibition of Mg uptake impaired cisplatin-mediated killing of CT26 tumor cells in vitro. Mg deficiency was associated with significantly larger CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice when compared with normal-fed control mice, and Mg deficiency significantly reduced cisplatin-mediated tumor killing in vivo. Finally, Mg supplementation did not compromise cisplatin's anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Kumar
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Malvika H Solanki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Rachel Mintz
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Swati Madankumar
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Christine N Metz
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; .,The Center for Biomedical Sciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and.,Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hiromoto S, Yamazaki T. Micromorphological effect of calcium phosphate coating on compatibility of magnesium alloy with osteoblast. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:96-109. [PMID: 28179963 PMCID: PMC5259964 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1266238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were developed to control the degradation speed and to improve the biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys. Osteoblast MG-63 was cultured directly on OCP- and HAp-coated Mg-3Al-1Zn (wt%, AZ31) alloy (OCP- and HAp-AZ31) to evaluate cell compatibility. Cell proliferation was remarkably improved with OCP and HAp coatings which reduced the corrosion and prevented the H2O2 generation on Mg alloy substrate. OCP-AZ31 showed sparse distribution of living cell colonies and dead cells. HAp-AZ31 showed dense and homogeneous distribution of living cells, with dead cells localized over and around corrosion pits, some of which were formed underneath the coating. These results demonstrated that cells were dead due to changes in the local environment, and it is necessary to evaluate the local biocompatibility of magnesium alloys. Cell density on HAp-AZ31 was higher than that on OCP-AZ31 although there was not a significant difference in the amount of Mg ions released in medium between OCP- and HAp-AZ31. The outer layer of OCP and HAp coatings consisted of plate-like crystal with a thickness of around 0.1 μm and rod-like crystals with a diameter of around 0.1 μm, respectively, which grew from a continuous inner layer. Osteoblasts formed focal contacts on the tips of plate-like OCP and rod-like HAp crystals, with heights of 2-5 μm. The spacing between OCP tips of 0.8-1.1 μm was wider than that between HAp tips of 0.2-0.3 μm. These results demonstrated that cell proliferation depended on the micromorphology of the coatings which governed spacing of focal contacts. Consequently, HAp coating is suitable for improving cell compatibility and bone-forming ability of the Mg alloy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hiromoto
- Corrosion Property Group, Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Biosystem Control Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meisel P, Schwahn C, Luedemann J, John U, Kroemer HK, Kocher T. Magnesium Deficiency is Associated with Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2016; 84:937-41. [PMID: 16183794 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the multifactorial pathogenesis of periodontitis, there are still unknown factors influencing the outcome of the disease. An association between magnesium and periodontitis has been suggested by preliminary studies. However, relevant clinical data are lacking. We investigated the association between magnesium status and periodontal health in a population-based analysis. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation involving 4290 subjects aged 20–80 yrs. We recorded periodontal risk factors and determined concentrations of serum magnesium and calcium, relating them to periodontal parameters. In a matched-pair study, 60 subjects using oral magnesium-containing drugs and 120 without were compared. In subjects aged 40 yrs and older, increased serum Mg/Ca was significantly associated with reduced probing depth (p < 0.001), less attachment loss (p = 0.006), and a higher number of remaining teeth (p = 0.005). Subjects taking Mg drugs showed less attachment loss (p < 0.01) and more remaining teeth than did their matched counterparts. These results suggest that nutritional magnesium supplementation may improve periodontal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Meisel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, F.-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ozsoy O, Aras S, Ulker Karadamar P, Nasircilar Ulker S, Kocer G, Senturk UK, Basrali F, Yargicoglu P, Ozyurt D, Agar A. The Effect of Magnesium on Visual Evoked Potentials in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:372-379. [PMID: 26701333 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the literature, although there are many studies regarding complications of hypertension, information concerning its influence on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) is limited. This study aims to clarify the possible therapeutic effects of the preferential magnesium (Mg) treatment on VEPs in an experimental hypertension model. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, Mg treated (Mg), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension, and L-NAME hypertension + Mg treated (L-NAME + Mg). Hypertension was induced by L-NAME which was given to rats orally over 6 weeks (25 mg/kg/day in drinking water). A magnesium-enriched diet (0.8 g/kg) was given to treatment groups for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by using the tail-cuff method. Flash VEPs were recorded. Our results revealed that the SBP was significantly increased in the L-NAME group compared to control. Magnesium treatment significantly attenuated SBP in the hypertensive rats compared to the L-NAME group. The mean latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 components were significantly prolonged in hypertensive rats compared to control. Treatment with Mg provided a significant decrease in the latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 potentials in the L-NAME + Mg group compared to the L-NAME group. Plasma Mg levels were increased in the L-NAME + Mg group compared to the L-NAME group. No change was detected in the Mg levels of the brains in all experimental groups. Magnesium treatment had no effect on the brain nitrate/nitrite and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels in hypertensive rats compared to non-treated rats. There was a positive correlation between the brain TBARS levels and SBP of the rats. The present study suggests that Mg supplementation has the potential to prevent VEP changes in the L-NAME-induced hypertension model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sinem Aras
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ulker Karadamar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Seher Nasircilar Ulker
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Kocer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Umit Kemal Senturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Basrali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargicoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozyurt
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yuksel M, Isik T, Tanboga IH, Ayhan E, Erimsah ME, Topcu S, Demirelli S, Aksakal E, Sevimli S. The Importance of Magnesium Values in Patients With STEMI Admitted to the Emergency Department. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:329-335. [PMID: 27418637 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616658119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between initial magnesium (Mg) levels, electrocardiographic no-reflow, and long-term mortality in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS A total of 111 patients with pPCI participated in the study. Magnesium and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. The sum of ST-segment elevation was measured immediately before and 60 minutes after the restoration of coronary flow. The difference between the 2 measurements was taken as the amount of ST-segment resolution and defined as sum of ST-segment resolution (∑STR). The ∑STR <50% was determined as electrocardiographic sign of no-reflow phenomenon. After the patients were discharged, they were followed up for major adverse cardiac events for up to 51 months after discharge. RESULTS Forty patients in the no-reflow group and 71 patients in the normal-flow group were included in the study. Magnesium value ≤1.87 mg/dL initially measured had 77% sensitivity and 59% specificity in predicting no-reflow on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In multivariate analyses, Mg (odds ratio [OR]: 0.01, <95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.12; P = .004), hs-CRP (OR: 1.06, <95% CI: 1.00-1.14; P = .05), left anterior descending artery lesion (OR: 6.66, <95% CI: 1.45-3.05; P = .01), and reperfusion time (OR: 1.01, <95% CI: 1.00-1.01; P = .03) were still independent predictors of electrocardiographic no-reflow, and only Mg (OR: 0.08, <95% CI: 0.01-1.03; P = .05) was still an independent predictor of long-term mortality. CONCLUSION Serum Mg level is an independent predictor of electrocardiographic no-reflow and long-term mortality in patients with STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melih Yuksel
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isik
- 2 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Ayhan
- 2 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emre Erimsah
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Selim Topcu
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirelli
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enbiya Aksakal
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sevimli
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ago R, Shindo T, Banshodani M, Shintaku S, Moriishi M, Masaki T, Kawanishi H. Hypomagnesemia as a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients and the role of proton pump inhibitors: A cross-sectional, 1-year, retrospective cohort study. Hemodial Int 2016; 20:580-588. [PMID: 27329549 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and serum magnesium levels, and the role of hypomagnesemia and PPI use as a risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods An observational study, including a cross-sectional and 1-year retrospective cohort study. The study comprised 399 hemodialysis patients at a single center, and was conducted from January to September 2014. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the independent relationship between serum magnesium levels and baseline demographic and clinical variables, including PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonist use. Cox regression model was used to identify lower serum magnesium level and PPI as a predictor of 1-year mortality. Findings Serum magnesium levels were lower with PPI use than non-PPI use (2.39 ± 0.36 vs. 2.56 ± 0.39 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PPI use, low serum albumin levels, and low serum potassium and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly associated with low serum magnesium levels. A total of 29 deaths occurred during the follow-up period. According to Cox regression analysis stratified by hs-CRP, only high serum hs-CRP levels (>4.04 mg/L) in association with low serum magnesium levels was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.53-6.40, P < 0.001). Discussion Serum magnesium levels are lower in PPI use. In the inflammatory state, a low serum magnesium level is a significant predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ago
- Department of Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajimacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8655, Japan. .,Department of Nephrology, Miyoshi Central Hospital, 531 Higashisakeya-cho, Miyoshi, Hiroshima, 728-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Shindo
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masataka Banshodani
- Department of Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajimacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8655, Japan
| | - Sadanori Shintaku
- Department of Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajimacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8655, Japan
| | - Misaki Moriishi
- Department of Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajimacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawanishi
- Department of Artificial Organs, Akane-Foundation, Tsuchiya General Hospital, 3-30 Nakajimacho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8655, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of IL-33/ST2 pathway in acute inflammation on tissue damage, antioxidative parameters, magnesium concentration and cytokines profile. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:31-7. [PMID: 27222019 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the role of IL-33/ST2 pathway in a pathogenesis of acute inflammation and its effects on tissue damage, antioxidative capacity, magnesium concentration and cytokine profile in acutely inflamed tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male mice were randomly divided in four groups: wild-type control group (WT-C), ST2 knockout control group (KO-C), wild-type inflammatory group (WT-I), and ST2 knockout inflammatory group (KO-I). Acute inflammation was induced in WT-I and KO-I by intramuscular injection of turpentine oil, while mice in WT-C and KO-C were treated with saline. After 12h, animals were euthanized, and blood was collected for determination of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity. The treated tissue was used for histopathological analysis, determination of volume density of inflammatory infiltrate (Vdii) and necrotic fiber (Vdnf), gene expression of interleukin (IL)-33, ST2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-12p35, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), concentration of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. RESULTS Presence of inflammatory infiltration and necrosis in the treated tissue was histopathologically confirmed in WT-I and KO-I. Vdii was significantly higher in WT-I when compared to KO-I, whereas Vdnf did not significantly differ between WT-I and KO-I. CK and AST significantly increased in both inflammatory groups when compared to corresponding control groups. However, the values of CK and AST were significantly higher in WT-I than in KO-I. Mg in the treated tissue was significantly lower in WT-I in comparison to WT-C and KO-I, while there was no significant difference between KO-C and KO-I. There was no significant difference in Cu, Se, and Mn in the treated tissue between WT-C, KO-C, WT-I and KO-I. Gene expression of IL-33 in the treated tissue increased in both inflammatory groups when compared to the corresponding control groups, but it was significantly higher in KO-I than in WT-I. Gene expression of ST2 in the treated tissue was significantly higher in WT-I than in WT-C. Gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p35 in the treated tissue was significantly higher in WT-I and KO-I than in the corresponding control groups, and IL-6 was significantly higher in KO-C than in WT-C. TGF-beta gene expression in the treated tissue was significantly higher in KO-I when compared to WT-I, while there was no difference between WT-C and KO-C. SOD activity decreased at the site of acute inflammation in both inflammatory groups, while the GPx activity increased. GSH in the treated tissue was significantly higher in KO-I than in KO-C or WT-I. CONCLUSION The results of our study have indicated, to our knowledge for the first time, that IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a role in enhancing inflammation and tissue damage at the site of acute inflammation by affecting the concentration of magnesium and GSH, important for antioxidative capacity, as well as gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Over the past decades, hypomagnesemia (serum Mg(2+) <0.7 mmol/L) has been strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. Clinical studies demonstrate that T2DM patients with hypomagnesemia have reduced pancreatic β-cell activity and are more insulin resistant. Moreover, dietary Mg(2+) supplementation for patients with T2DM improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Intracellular Mg(2+) regulates glucokinase, KATP channels, and L-type Ca(2+) channels in pancreatic β-cells, preceding insulin secretion. Moreover, insulin receptor autophosphorylation is dependent on intracellular Mg(2+) concentrations, making Mg(2+) a direct factor in the development of insulin resistance. Conversely, insulin is an important regulator of Mg(2+) homeostasis. In the kidney, insulin activates the renal Mg(2+) channel transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 that determines the final urinary Mg(2+) excretion. Consequently, patients with T2DM and hypomagnesemia enter a vicious circle in which hypomagnesemia causes insulin resistance and insulin resistance reduces serum Mg(2+) concentrations. This Perspective provides a systematic overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Mg(2+) on insulin secretion and insulin signaling. In addition to providing a review of current knowledge, we provide novel directions for future research and identify previously neglected contributors to hypomagnesemia in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M M Gommers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ha BG, Park JE, Cho HJ, Shon YH. Stimulatory Effects of Balanced Deep Sea Water on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129972. [PMID: 26068191 PMCID: PMC4466323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, is increasing. Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a core feature of these diseases. Emerging evidence also suggests that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis, number, morphology, fusion, and fission, contribute to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Our previous studies revealed that balanced deep-sea water (BDSW) has potential as a treatment for diabetes and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which BDSW regulates diabetes and obesity by studying its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. To determine whether BDSW regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we investigated its effects on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial enzyme activity, and the expression of transcription factors and mitochondria specific genes, as well as on the phosphorylation of signaling molecules associated with mitochondria biogenesis and its function in C2C12 myotubes. BDSW increased mitochondrial biogenesis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that BDSW enhances gene expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM for mitochondrial transcription; MFN1/2 and DRP1 for mitochondrial fusion; OPA1 for mitochondrial fission; TOMM40 and TIMM44 for mitochondrial protein import; CPT-1α and MCAD for fatty acid oxidation; CYTC for oxidative phosphorylation. Upregulation of these genes was validated by increased mitochondria staining, CS activity, CytC oxidase activity, NAD+ to NADH ratio, and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules such as AMPK and SIRT1. Moreover, drinking BDSW remarkably improved mtDNA content in the muscles of HFD-induced obese mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the stimulatory effect of BDSW on mitochondrial biogenesis and function may provide further insights into the regulatory mechanism of BDSW-induced anti-diabetic and anti-obesity action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
El-Tanbouly DM, Abdelsalam RM, Attia AS, Abdel-Aziz MT. Pretreatment with magnesium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:914-20. [PMID: 26398385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. LPS administration induces systemic inflammation that mimics many of the initial clinical features of sepsis and has deleterious effects on several organs including the liver and eventually leading to septic shock and death. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of magnesium (Mg), a well known cofactor in many enzymatic reactions and a critical component of the antioxidant system, on hepatic damage associated with LPS-induced endotoxima in mice. METHODS Mg (20 and 40mg/kg, po) was administered for 7 consecutive days. Systemic inflammation was induced 1h after the last dose of Mg by a single dose of LPS (2mg/kg, ip) and 3h thereafter plasma was separated, animals were sacrificed and their livers were isolated. RESULTS LPS-treated mice suffered from hepatic dysfunction revealed by histological observation, elevation in plasma transaminases activities, C-reactive protein content and caspase-3, a critical marker of apoptosis. Liver inflammation was evident by elevation in liver cytokines contents (TNF-α and IL-10) and MPO activity. Additionally, oxidative stress was manifested by increased liver lipoperoxidation, glutathione depletion, elevated total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Pretreatment with Mg largely mitigated these alternations. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Mg protects the liver from the acute injury which occurs shortly after septicemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina S Attia
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Abdel-Aziz
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
João Matias P, Azevedo A, Laranjinha I, Navarro D, Mendes M, Ferreira C, Amaral T, Jorge C, Aires I, Gil C, Ferreira A. Lower serum magnesium is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Blood Purif 2015; 38:244-52. [PMID: 25573320 DOI: 10.1159/000366124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomagnesaemia is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pre-dialysis magnesium (Mg) and CV risk markers, [including pulse pressure (PP), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and vascular calcifications (VC)], and mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS We performed a 48-month prospective study in 206 patients under pre-dilution haemodiafiltration with a dialysate Mg concentration of 1 mmol/l. RESULTS Lower Mg concentrations were predictors of an increased PP (≥65 mm Hg) (p = 0.002) and LVMI (≥140 g/m(2)) (p = 0.03) and of a higher VC score (≥3) (p = 0.01). Patients with Mg <1.15 mmol/l had a lower survival at the end of the study (p = 0.01). Serum Mg <1.15 mmol/l was an independent predictor of all-cause (p = 0.01) and CV mortality (p = 0.02) when adjusted for multiple CV risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Lower Mg levels seem to be associated with increased CV risk markers, like PP, LVMI and VC, and with higher mortality in HD patients.
Collapse
|
40
|
In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour of a bioabsorbable magnesium alloy coated with octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:520-30. [PMID: 25257316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were formed on Mg-3 mass% Al-1 mass% Zn (AZ31) magnesium alloy by a single-step chemical solution deposition method. Chemically polished AZ31 (Cpol-AZ31) and HAp- and OCP-coated AZ31 (HAp- and OCP-AZ31) were immersed in a medium for 52 weeks or implanted in transgenic mice for 16 weeks to examine the long-term corrosion behaviour and in situ inflammation behaviour. In the medium, Mg-ion release was restricted for the initial several days and the corrosion rate thereafter was suppressed by approximately one-half with the HAp and OCP coatings. HAp-AZ31 showed a ∼20% lower corrosion rate than OCP-AZ31. Tissues of the transgenic mouse emit fluorescence in proportion to the degree of inflammation in situ. The luminescence intensity level was too low to be a problem regardless of the coatings. A thinner fibrous tissue layer was formed around OCP- and HAp-AZ31 than around Cpol-AZ31, indicating that the HAp and OCP coatings suppressed corrosion and foreign-body reaction in vivo. Visible pits were formed in filiform and round shapes in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Corrosion was observed underneath the coatings, and almost uniform corrosion took place in vitro, while local corrosion was predominant in vivo. These differences in corrosion morphology are attributed to the adhesion of tissues and the lower diffusivity on the surface in vivo than that in vitro. Dissolution behaviour of OCP crystals in vivo was different from that in vitro. It was demonstrated that the HAp and OCP coatings developed have great potential for a biocompatible and corrosion protection coating.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nascimento AF, Alves GJ, Massoco CO, Teodorov E, Felicio LF, Bernardi MM. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in lactating rats decreases ultrasonic vocalizations and exacerbates immune system activity in male offspring. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:213-21. [PMID: 25139475 DOI: 10.1159/000363350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study analyzed the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on maternal behavior during lactation and possible correlations with changes in emotional and immune responses in offspring. METHODS Lactating rats received 100 μg/kg LPS, and the control group received saline solution on lactation day (LD) 3. Maternal general activity and maternal behavior were observed on LD5 (i.e. the day that the peak of fever occurred). In male pups, hematological parameters and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were assessed on LD5. At weaning, an additional dose of LPS (50 µg/kg, i.p.) was administered in male pups, and open-field behavior, oxidative burst and phagocytosis were evaluated. RESULTS A reduction in the time in which dams retrieved the pups was observed, whereas no effects on maternal aggressive behavior were found. On LD5, a reduction of the frequency of USVs was observed in pups, but no signs of inflammation were found. At weaning, an increase in immune system activity was observed, but no differences in open-field behavior were found. CONCLUSION These results indicate that inflammation in lactating mothers disrupted mother/pup interactions and may have produced short- and long-term effects on pup behavior as well as biological pathways that modulate inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin challenge in pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Nascimento
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Sousa Rocha V, Della Rosa FB, Ruano R, Zugaib M, Colli C. Association between magnesium status, oxidative stress and inflammation in preeclampsia: A case-control study. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:1166-71. [PMID: 25559945 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Preeclampsia is responsible for more than one-third of all maternal deaths in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate magnesium status and its association with oxidative stress and inflammation in preeclamptic women, and to identify the predictor variables of the disorder. METHODS The study population consisted of 36 women divided into preeclamptic (n = 18) and control groups (n = 18). The preeclamptic group included women (≥20 weeks of pregnancy) with arterial pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria >0.3 g/24 h, while the control group comprised pregnant women with no clinical/obstetric complications. Magnesium intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire validated for pregnant women in Brazil. Plasma, erythrocyte and urinary magnesium levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, while oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were assessed using standard protocols. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of preeclampsia. RESULTS Preeclamptic and control groups were similar with respect to magnesium intake and urinary excretion, while plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were higher in the former group. Plasma magnesium was positively correlated with catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and with concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Regression analysis showed that plasma magnesium and urinary 8-isoprostane were associated with preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Magnesium status appears to result from homeostatic imbalance and physiological alterations typical of preeclampsia. Increased plasma magnesium and decreased urinary 8-isoprostane were considered predictors of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne de Sousa Rocha
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brunacci Della Rosa
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Departamento de Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, 01246903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Departamento de Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, 01246903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Colli
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chandrasekaran NC, Weir C, Alfraji S, Grice J, Roberts MS, Barnard RT. Effects of magnesium deficiency--more than skin deep. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1280-91. [PMID: 24928863 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214537745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dead Sea and magnesium salt therapy are two of the oldest forms of treatment for skin disease and several other disorders, supported by a body of largely anecdotal evidence. In this paper we review possible pathways for penetration of magnesium ions through the epidermis to reach the circulation, in turn replenishing cellular magnesium levels. We also discuss mechanisms for intercellular movement of magnesium ions and possible mechanisms for the interaction between magnesium ions and inflammatory mediators. Upon addition of magnesium ions in vitro, the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and nuclear factor κβ (NFκβ) is down regulated. Dysregulation of these and other inflammatory mediators has been linked to several inflammatory disorders, including asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Chandrakanth Chandrasekaran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Weir
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sumaya Alfraji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jeff Grice
- School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ross T Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Smith DJ, Anderson GJ, Bell SC, Reid DW. Elevated metal concentrations in the CF airway correlate with cellular injury and disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 13:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Kolisek M, Sponder G, Mastrototaro L, Smorodchenko A, Launay P, Vormann J, Schweigel-Röntgen M. Substitution p.A350V in Na⁺/Mg²⁺ exchanger SLC41A1, potentially associated with Parkinson's disease, is a gain-of-function mutation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71096. [PMID: 23976986 PMCID: PMC3744568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial ailment predetermined by the interplay of various environmental and genetic factors. Systemic and intracellular magnesium (Mg) deficiency has long been suspected to contribute to the development and progress of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular background is unknown. Interestingly, gene SLC41A1 located in the novel PD locus PARK16 has recently been identified as being a Na+/Mg2+ exchanger (NME, Mg2+ efflux system), a key component of cellular magnesium homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that the substitution p.A350V potentially associated with PD is a gain-of-function mutation that enhances a core function of SLC41A1, namely Na+-dependent Mg2+ efflux by 69±10% under our experimental conditions (10-minute incubation in high-Na+ (145 mM) and completely Mg2+-free medium). The increased efflux capacity is accompanied by an insensitivity of mutant NME to cAMP stimulation suggesting disturbed hormonal regulation and leads to a reduced proliferation rate in p.A350V compared with wt cells. We hypothesize that enhanced Mg2+-efflux conducted by SLC41A1 variant p.A350V might result, in the long-term, in chronic intracellular Mg2+-deficiency, a condition that is found in various brain regions of PD patients and that exacerbates processes triggering neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolisek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (MK); (MSR)
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Monika Schweigel-Röntgen
- Institute for Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (MK); (MSR)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu Z, Chang Y, Zhang J, Huang X, Jiang J, Li S, Wang Z. Magnesium deficiency promotes secretion of high-mobility group box 1 protein from lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages in vitro. J Surg Res 2013; 180:310-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Belluci MM, Schoenmaker T, Rossa-Junior C, Orrico SR, de Vries TJ, Everts V. Magnesium deficiency results in an increased formation of osteoclasts. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1488-98. [PMID: 23517915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) deficiency is a frequently occurring disorder that leads to loss of bone mass, abnormal bone growth and skeletal weakness. It is not clear whether Mg(2+) deficiency affects the formation and/or activity of osteoclasts. We evaluated the effect of Mg(2+) restriction on these parameters. Bone marrow cells from long bone and jaw of mice were seeded on plastic and on bone in medium containing different concentrations of Mg(2+) (0.8 mM which is 100% of the normal value, 0.4, 0.08 and 0 mM). The effect of Mg(2+) deficiency was evaluated on osteoclast precursors for their viability after 3 days and proliferation rate after 3 and 6 days, as was mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and Mg(2+)-related genes. After 6 days of incubation, the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRACP(+)) multinucleated cells was determined, and the TRACP activity of the medium was measured. Osteoclastic activity was assessed at 8 days by resorption pit analysis. Mg(2+) deficiency resulted in increased numbers of osteoclast-like cells, a phenomenon found for both types of marrow. Mg(2+) deficiency had no effect on cell viability and proliferation. Increased osteoclastogenesis due to Mg(2+) deficiency was reflected in higher expression of osteoclast-related genes. However, resorption per osteoclast and TRACP activity were lower in the absence of Mg(2+). In conclusion, Mg(2+) deficiency augmented osteoclastogenesis but appeared to inhibit the activity of these cells. Together, our in vitro data suggest that altered osteoclast numbers and activity may contribute to the skeletal phenotype as seen in Mg(2+) deficient patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Belluci
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP-Universidad Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Z, Zhang J, Huang X, Huang L, Li S, Wang Z. Magnesium sulfate inhibits the secretion of high mobility group box 1 from lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. J Surg Res 2012; 179:e189-95. [PMID: 22487382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important inflammatory factor that is closely related to mortality in patients with sepsis. High magnesium therapy has been proved to reduce sepsis-related mortality and sepsis-induced pathologic complications. These effects result from reduced expression and release of many inflammatory cytokines, although it is not clear whether high magnesium affects the expression and release of HMGB1. In the present study, we explored the effect of magnesium sulfate on the expression and release of HMGB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were incubated with LPS in the presence or absence of various concentrations of magnesium sulfate. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of HMGB1 in the culture supernatant. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of HMGB1 mRNA. The nuclear/cytoplasm extraction kit was used to extract the nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Western blotting was used to observe the changes in the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The nuclear factor (NF)-κB p50/p65 Transcription Factor Assay Kit was used to analyze NF-κB activity in the nuclear extract. RESULTS We found that magnesium sulfate inhibited translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its extracellular release in LPS-activated macrophages and also suppressed the expression of HMGB1 mRNA. Furthermore, magnesium sulfate inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study has demonstrated that magnesium sulfate inhibits the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism responsible for these effects involves the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Macêdo ÉMCD, Amorim MAF, Silva ACSD, Castro CMMBD. Efeitos da deficiência de cobre, zinco e magnésio sobre o sistema imune de crianças com desnutrição grave. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822010000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Esclarecer as repercussões da deficiência de cobre, zinco e magnésio sobre o sistema imune de crianças desnutridas graves. FONTES DE DADOS: Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica mediante consulta às bases de dados Pubmed Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, selecionando-se publicações científicas recentes, da última década, e representativas do tema por meio dos descritores: desnutrição infantil, cobre, zinco, magnésio e sistema imune. SÍNTESE DE DADOS: Os micronutrientes são compostos orgânicos essenciais. Além de sua função regulatória, atuam de maneira decisiva na modulação da resposta imune. Sua deficiência pode ocorrer devido à ingestão inadequada ou associada a doenças específicas. Quando associada à desnutrição, a multideficiência de minerais pode acarretar disfunções imunológicas e aumento na suscetibilidade a infecções, afetando gravemente a eficácia de intervenções terapêuticas. Cobre, zinco e magnésio atuam como cofatores de enzimas responsáveis tanto por diversas atividades metabólicas como na resposta imune inata e adquirida, além do papel importante na maturação dos tecidos e células linfoides. Sua deficiência acarreta neutropenia e linfopenia, comprometendo a imunocompetência. CONCLUSÕES: As alterações ocasionadas pelos déficits séricos dos minerais cobre, zinco e magnésio comprometem o funcionamento do sistema imune, levando à imunossupressão. A reposição desses elementos no manejo da desnutrição grave, como preconizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, é essencial, uma vez que tais alterações podem ser reversíveis.
Collapse
|