1
|
Kim JS, Liu L, Kant S, Orlicky DJ, Uppalapati S, Margolis A, Davenport BJ, Morrison TE, Matsuda J, McClelland M, Jones-Carson J, Vazquez-Torres A. Anaerobic respiration of host-derived methionine sulfoxide protects intracellular Salmonella from the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:411-424.e10. [PMID: 38307020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular Salmonella experiencing oxidative stress downregulates aerobic respiration. To maintain cellular energetics during periods of oxidative stress, intracellular Salmonella must utilize terminal electron acceptors of lower energetic value than molecular oxygen. We show here that intracellular Salmonella undergoes anaerobic respiration during adaptation to the respiratory burst of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in macrophages and in mice. Reactive oxygen species generated by phagocytes oxidize methionine, generating methionine sulfoxide. Anaerobic Salmonella uses the molybdenum cofactor-containing DmsABC enzymatic complex to reduce methionine sulfoxide. The enzymatic activity of the methionine sulfoxide reductase DmsABC helps Salmonella maintain an alkaline cytoplasm that supports the synthesis of the antioxidant hydrogen sulfide via cysteine desulfuration while providing a source of methionine and fostering redox balancing by associated dehydrogenases. Our investigations demonstrate that nontyphoidal Salmonella responding to oxidative stress exploits the anaerobic metabolism associated with dmsABC gene products, a pathway that has accrued inactivating mutations in human-adapted typhoidal serovars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sim Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sashi Kant
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Siva Uppalapati
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alyssa Margolis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Michael McClelland
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Jones-Carson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andres Vazquez-Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdi F, Mohammadzadeh M, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M. Dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among subjects with obesity; a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38355488 PMCID: PMC10865612 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is a growing global public health concern. Certain dietary amino acids have been shown to have a potential therapeutic role in improving metabolic syndrome parameters and body composition in individuals with obesity. However, some amino acids have been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 335 participants with obesity (57.9% males and 41.5% females) from Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. The participants were between the ages of 20-50, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher, and free from certain medical conditions. The study examined participants' general characteristics, conducted anthropometric assessments, dietary assessments, and biochemical assessments. The study also used principal component analysis to identify amino acid intake patterns and determined the association between these patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. RESULTS Upon adjusting for potential confounders, the study found that individuals in the third tertiles of pattern 1 and 2 were more likely to have lower LDL levels (OR = 0.99 and 95% CI (0.98-0.99)) for both. Additionally, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the third tertiles of pattern 2 in model II (OR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.98-0.99)). These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of these amino acid patterns in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study found that two identified amino acid patterns were associated with lower serum LDL and total cholesterol levels, while a third pattern was associated with higher serum triglycerides. The specific amino acids contributing to these patterns highlight the importance of targeted dietary interventions in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Islam M, Behura SK. Role of paralogs in the sex-bias transcriptional and metabolic regulation of the brain-placental axis in mice. Placenta 2024; 145:143-150. [PMID: 38134547 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duplicated genes or paralogs play important roles in the adaptive function of eukaryotic genomes. Animal studies have shown evidence for the functional role of paralogs in pregnancy, but our knowledge about the role of paralogs in the fetoplacental regulation remains limited. In particular, if fetoplacental metabolic regulation is modulated by differential expression of paralogs remains unexamined. METHODS In this study, gene expression profiles of day-15 placenta and fetal brain were compared to identify families or groups of paralogous genes expressed in the placenta and brain of male versus female fetuses in mice. A Bayesian modeling was applied to infer directional relationship of transcriptional variation of the paralogs relative to the phylogenetic variation of the genes in each family. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to perform untargeted metabolomics analysis of day-15 placenta and fetal brain of both sexes. RESULTS We identified paralog groups that were expressed in a sex and/or tissue biased manner between the placenta and fetal brain. Bayesian modeling showed evidence for directional relationship between expression and phylogeny of specific paralogs. These relationships were sex specific. GC-MS analysis identified metabolites that were expressed in a sex-bias manner between the placenta and fetal brain. By performing integrative analysis of the metabolomics and gene expression data, we showed that specific groups of metabolites and paralogous genes were expressed in a coordinated manner between the placenta and fetal brain. DISCUSSION The findings of this study collectively suggest that paralogs play an influential role in the regulation of the brain-placental axis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Islam
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA; MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, USA; Interdisciplinary Reproduction and Health Group, University of Missouri, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Savera G, Landi F, Marzetti E. Adherence to aerobic training combined with high protein intake is associated with low blood pressure in Italian older adults: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2613-2621. [PMID: 37682490 PMCID: PMC10627972 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle habits have a key role in cardiometabolic health. The effects of combined aerobic training (AT) and high protein intake (HPI) on cardiometabolic parameters in older adults are not well established. AIMS To investigate the association of AT and HPI with blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, and total blood cholesterol levels in a sample of Italian older adults enrolled in the Longevity Check-up 7 + (Lookup 7 +) study. METHODS Lookup 7 + is an ongoing project started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, health promotion campaigns) across Italy with the aim of fostering adoption of healthy lifestyles in the general population. For the present investigation, analyses were conducted in participants 65 + years and with body mass index values ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 (n = 3219). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), blood glucose, and total blood cholesterol were measured. Protein intake was estimated using a 12-item food frequency questionnaire. HPI was operationalized as a daily protein intake ≥ 0.8 g/kg of body weight. AT was operationalized as the practice of running and/or swimming for 60 + minutes at least twice weekly during the previous year. RESULTS The mean age of the 3219 participants was 72.7 ± 5.7 years, and 55.2% were women. Adherence to AT combined with a HPI was negatively and independently associated with SPB (β: - 4.976; 95% confidence interval: - 9.8 to - 0.08). No other significant associations were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AT combined with HPI was negatively associated with SBP in a large and relatively unselected sample of Italian older adults living in the community. These findings need confirmation by ad hoc designed studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Savera
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiachen Z, Paul Kwong Hang T, Kenneth Kak Yuen W, Vincent Chi Hang L. Pathological role of methionine in the initiation and progression of biliary atresia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1263836. [PMID: 37772039 PMCID: PMC10522914 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1263836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid, and its excessive dietary intake and/or its metabolism disturbance could lead to accumulation/depletion of hepatic Met and some of the key intermediates of these pathways, which would interfere normal liver function and would be associated with liver diseases. Biliary atresia (BA) is a life-threatening disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosclerosing changes of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary systems and is the primary cause of obstructive neonatal cholestasis with a rapid course of liver failure. However, its pathogenesis remains unknown. Previous studies reported elevated Met level in patients with obstructive cholestasis, suggesting a potential link between Met and BA. This paper reviews the Met metabolism in normal conditions and its dysregulation under abnormal conditions, the possible causes of hypermethioninemia, and its connection to BA pathogenesis: Abnormal hepatic level of Met could lead to a perturbation of redox homeostasis and mitochondrial functions of hepatocytes, enhancement of viral infectivity, and dysregulation of innate and adaptative immune cells in response to infection/damage of the liver contributing to the initiation/progression of BA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiachen
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tam Paul Kwong Hang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lui Vincent Chi Hang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Savera G, Landi F, Marzetti E. Protein Intake Is Associated with Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Italian Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:431. [PMID: 36984874 PMCID: PMC10059047 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test the association between protein intake and blood pressure, glucose levels, and blood cholesterol in a large sample of Italian older adults. Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) is an ongoing project that started in June 2015. The project is conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, health promotion campaigns) across Italy with the aim of fostering adoption of healthy lifestyles in the general population. For the present study, participants were eligible if they were 65+ years and provided written informed consent. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and blood glucose and cholesterol levels were assessed. Protein intake was estimated using a 12-item food frequency questionnaire. Three-thousand four-hundred and four older adults were included in the study. The results of the linear regression showed an inverse association between protein intake (as a continuous variable) and DBP, and a positive correlation with blood cholesterol levels. The findings of the present study indicate that a high intake of protein was negatively associated with DBP and positively associated with total blood cholesterol levels in a large cohort of Italian older adults, after adjustment for numerous covariates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (H.J.C.-J.); (G.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Savera
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (H.J.C.-J.); (G.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (H.J.C.-J.); (G.S.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (H.J.C.-J.); (G.S.); (E.M.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feeding of Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Synthesis and Fatty Liver Development in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020287. [PMID: 36678159 PMCID: PMC9861802 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary insect meal from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae attenuates the development of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia in the obese Zucker rat. To test the hypothesis, a 4-week trial with male, obese Zucker rats (n = 30) and male, lean Zucker rats (n = 10) was performed. The obese rats were assigned to three obese groups (group O-C, group O-HI25, group O-HI50) of 10 rats each. The lean rats served as a lean control group (L-C). Group L-C and group O-C were fed a control diet with 20% casein as protein source, whereas 25% and 50% of the protein from casein was replaced with protein from HI larvae meal in the diets of group O-HI25 and O-HI50, respectively. The staining of liver sections with Oil red O revealed an excessive lipid accumulation in the liver of group O-C compared to group L-C, whereas liver lipid accumulation in group O-HI25 and O-HI50 was markedly reduced compared to group O-C. Hepatic concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, the sum of total fatty acids and hepatic mRNA levels of several genes associated with lipid synthesis and plasma concentration of cholesterol were markedly higher in group O-C than in group L-C, but lower in group O-HI50 than in group O-C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, partial replacement of casein by HI larvae meal attenuates liver steatosis and dyslipidemia in obese Zucker rats. This suggests that HI larvae meal serves as a functional food protecting from obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abachi S, Pilon G, Marette A, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Beneficial effects of fish and fish peptides on main metabolic syndrome associated risk factors: Diabetes, obesity and lipemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7896-7944. [PMID: 35297701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) fairly varies from one to another guideline and health organization. Per description of world health organization, occurrence of hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia in addition to two or more factors of dyslipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and or large waist circumference factors would be defined as MetS. Conventional therapies and drugs, commonly with adverse effects, are used to treat these conditions and diseases. Nonetheless, in the recent decades scientific community has focused on the discovery of natural compounds to diminish the side effects of these medications. Among many available bioactives, biologically active peptides have notable beneficial effects on the management of diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Marine inclusive of fish peptides have exerted significant bioactivities in different experimental in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical settings. This review exclusively focuses on studies from the recent decade investigating hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic and anti-obesogenic fish and fish peptides. Related extraction, isolation, and purification methodologies of anti-MetS fish biopeptides are reviewed herein for comparison purposes only. Moreover, performance of biopeptides in simulated gastrointestinal environment and structure-activity relationship along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of selected oligopeptides have been discussed, in brief, to broaden the knowledge of readers on the design and discovery trends of anti-MetS compounds.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes (LTAPEM), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
OuYang YN, Zhou LX, Jin YX, Hou GF, Yang PF, Chen M, Tian Z. Reconstruction and analysis of correlation networks based on GC-MS metabolomics data for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:1-8. [PMID: 33752091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by the elevation of plasma total cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This disease is usually caused by a mutation in genes such as LDL receptor, apolipoprotein B, or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. However, a considerable number of patients with hypercholesterolemia do not have any mutation in these candidate genes. In this study, we examined the difference in the metabolic level between patients with hypercholesterolemia and healthy subjects, and screened the potential biomarkers for this disease. METHODS Analysis of plasma metabolomics in hypercholesterolemia patients and healthy controls was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabolic correlation networks were constructed using Gephi-0.9.2. RESULTS First, metabolic profile analysis confirmed the distinct metabolic footprints between the patients and the healthy ones. The potential biomarkers screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis included l-lactic acid, cholesterol, phosphoric acid, d-glucose, urea, and d-allose (Variable importance in the projection > 1). Second, arginine and methionine metabolism were significantly perturbed in hypercholesterolemia patients. Finally, we identified that l-lactic acid, l-lysine, l-glutamine, and l-cysteine had high scores of centrality parameters in the metabolic correlation network. CONCLUSION Plasma l-lactic acid could be used as a sensitive biomarker for hypercholesterolemia. In addition, arginine biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism were profoundly altered in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan OuYang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Lu-Xin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Yue-Xin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Guo-Feng Hou
- Shaanxi Keyi Sunshine Test Services Co.,Ltd, Xi'an, 710000, Shaan xi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moradi M, Chashnidel Y, Abdollahi A, Teimouri Yansari A, Khazari B, Mansouryar M. Moderate over-feeding of different sources of metabolizable energy and protein improved gestational insulin resistance markers and maternal metabolic status of sheep around lambing. Theriogenology 2020; 161:332-342. [PMID: 33373935 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moderate over-nutrition of energy (using flaxseed as a source of n-3 fatty acids) and protein (using rumen-protected lysine and methionine) around parturition on prepartal insulin resistance (IR) and periparturient metabolic status and performance of ewes. For this purpose, 32 apparently healthy ewes (2.5 ± 1 years old, 42.19 ± 1.65 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly selected out of 200 pregnant Zell ewes on d 50 before the expected lambing. After receiving a ten-day adaptation diet, eight ewes were randomly allocated to one of the following four dietary treatments: 1) the adaptation diet that meets the metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP) requirements of ewes during late pregnancy as recommended by National Research Council = NRC (2007) (Control = CON). 2) A diet with 10% higher levels of ME than NRC (2007) recommendations using corn grain as a source of extra ME (HEC). 3) A diet with 10% higher levels of ME compared to NRC (2007) recommendations using flaxseed for additional ME (HEF). 4) A diet with a 10% higher level of MP than NRC (2007) recommendations using rumen-protected lysine and methionine as a source of extra MP (PRO). While the dietary treatments did not affect animals' dry matter intake (DMI), the CON ewes lost more BW starting from d 10 to d 30 relative to parturition compared to others (P < 0.05). Milk protein and fat yield (g/d) were significantly higher for PRO and HEF compared to HEC and CON ewes (P < 0.05). Moderately over-fed ewes with MP and ME had an improved insulin sensitivity (IS) compared to CON ones. The source of additional ME also impacted IR indices because HEC showed an enhancement in IS than HEF animals (P < 0.05). A lower IS in CON ewes was parallel with higher concentrations of plasma urea at prepartum (P < 0.01), lower levels of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (P < 0.01) and glucose post-partum (P < 0.05), and a tendency for higher levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in CON ewes during both pre- and post-partum periods. There were negative correlations between plasma urea, BHB, and NEFA with IR markers on d 7 prepartum in line with these results. Comparing data, we could not find a significant change in metabolic status among ewes fed with either PRO or HEF/HEC. In conclusion, the inclusion of 10% extra MP and ME could improve late gestation maternal IS and the metabolic status of dams around lambing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moradi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Y Chashnidel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - A Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - A Teimouri Yansari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - B Khazari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - M Mansouryar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Violi JP, Bishop DP, Padula MP, Steele JR, Rodgers KJ. Considerations for amino acid analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A tutorial review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Blachier F, Andriamihaja M, Blais A. Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism. J Nutr 2020; 150:2524S-2531S. [PMID: 33000164 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of methionine and cysteine in the body tissues determines the concentrations of several metabolites with various biologic activities, including homocysteine, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), taurine, and glutathione. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is correlated with lower HDL cholesterol in blood in volunteers and animal models, has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. In humans, the relation between methionine intake and hyperhomocysteinemia is dependent on vitamin status (vitamins B-6 and B-12 and folic acid) and on the supply of other amino acids. However, lowering homocysteinemia by itself is not sufficient for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease progression. Other compounds related to methionine metabolism have recently been identified as being involved in the risk of atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis. Indeed, the metabolism of sulfur amino acids has an impact on phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism, and anomalies in PC synthesis due to global hypomethylation have been associated with disturbances of lipid metabolism. In addition, impairment of H2S synthesis from cysteine favors atherosclerosis and steatosis in animal models. The effects of taurine on lipid metabolism appear heterogeneous depending on the populations of volunteers studied. A decrease in the concentration of intracellular glutathione, a tripeptide involved in redox homeostasis, is implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases and steatosis. Last, supplementation with betaine, a compound that allows remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, decreases basal and methionine-stimulated homocysteinemia; however, it adversely increases plasma total and LDL cholesterol. The study of these metabolites may help determine the range of optimal and safe intakes of methionine and cysteine in dietary proteins and supplements. The amino acid requirement for protein synthesis in different situations and for optimal production of intracellular compounds involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism also needs to be considered for dietary attenuation of atherosclerosis and steatosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Blais
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meyer S, Schäfer L, Röhrig J, Maheshwari G, Most E, Zorn H, Ringseis R, Eder K, Gessner DK. Supplementation of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids or Essential Amino Acids Does Not Reverse the Hepatic Lipid-Lowering Effect of a Protein-Rich Insect Meal in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040987. [PMID: 32252339 PMCID: PMC7230462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that the liver lipid-lowering effect of insect meal (IM) is caused by its low methionine concentration. A total of fifty, male obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each (casein (C), IM, IM + Met, IM + Cys, and IM + EAA). While group C received a diet with casein, the IM-fed groups received a diet with IM as the protein source. In groups IM + Met, IM + Cys and IM + EAA, the diets were additionally supplemented with methionine, cysteine and essential amino acids (EAA), respectively. Hepatic concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol, and hepatic mRNA levels and activities of lipogenic and cholesterogenic enzymes were markedly lower in the IM-fed groups than in group C (p < 0.05). All of these parameters either did not differ across the IM-fed groups or were only slightly higher in groups IM + Met, IM + Cys and IM+EAA than in the group IM. In conclusion, the results indicate that a difference in the amino acid composition between IM and casein, a low concentration of methionine in IM and a reduced cysteine synthesis secondary to a decreased methionine availability resulting from feeding IM are not causative for the lipid-lowering effect of IM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Lea Schäfer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Julia Röhrig
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Str. 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-641-9939231
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar A, Pathak R, Palfrey HA, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. High levels of dietary methionine improves sitagliptin-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31921324 PMCID: PMC6945706 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met, a precursor for homocysteine) are risk factors for fatty liver disease. Since Western diets are rich in Cho and Met, we investigated the hepatic effects of feeding a diet enriched in Met and Cho. Further, based on the reported anti-oxidative and lipid lowering properties of sitagliptin (an antidiabetic drug), we tested whether it could counteract the negative effects of high Cho and Met. We therefore hypothesized that sitagliptin would ameliorate the development of liver pathology that is produced by feeding diets rich in either Cho, Met, or both. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum a) control diet, or b) high Met or c) high Cho, or d) high Met + high Cho diets for 35 days. From day 10 to 35, 50% of rats in each dietary group were gavaged with either vehicle or an aqueous suspension of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/day). Liver samples were harvested for histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses. Results The high Cho diet produced significant hepatic steatosis which was unaffected by sitagliptin. Contrary to expectation, sitagliptin exacerbated expression of hepatic markers of oxidative stress and fibrosis in rats fed high Cho. Corresponding increases in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and collagen deposition were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and sirius red staining. These hepatic changes were absent in rats on the high Met diet and they were comparable to controls. The inclusion of Met in the high Cho diet resulted in significant reduction of the hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis produced by high Cho alone. Conclusion Sitagliptin exacerbated the effects of high Cho on both oxidative stress and fibrosis, resulting in NASH like symptoms that were significantly reversed by the inclusion of Met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Henry A Palfrey
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- 2Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- 2Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Subramanyam N Murthy
- 1Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Wang P, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu X, Kaur L, Kumar M. Amelioration of cognitive deficits by Spirulina platensis in L-methionine-induced rat model of vascular dementia. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_438_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Salter AM. Insect Protein: A Sustainable and Healthy Alternative to Animal Protein? J Nutr 2019; 149:545-546. [PMID: 30949680 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Salter
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gessner DK, Schwarz A, Meyer S, Wen G, Most E, Zorn H, Ringseis R, Eder K. Insect Meal as Alternative Protein Source Exerts Pronounced Lipid-Lowering Effects in Hyperlipidemic Obese Zucker Rats. J Nutr 2019; 149:566-577. [PMID: 30726942 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific dietary proteins exert strong health-related effects compared with casein. OBJECTIVE Herein, the hypothesis was tested using screening and conventional biochemical and molecular biological techniques that protein-rich insect meal compared with casein influences metabolic health in hyperlipidemic rats. METHODS A 4-wk feeding trial with male, 8-wk-old homozygous obese Zucker rats (n = 36) and male, 8-wk-old heterozygous lean Zucker rats (n = 12) was performed. Obese rats were randomly divided into 3 obese groups (OC, OI50, and OI100) of 12 rats each and lean rats served as a lean control group (LC). LC and OC were fed a control diet with 20% casein as protein source, whereas in OI50 and OI100 50% and 100% of the casein, respectively, was replaced isonitrogenously by insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. All data were analyzed by 1-factor ANOVA, except transcriptomic data which were analyzed by groupwise comparisons with the OC group. RESULTS Transcript profiling revealed a coordinated inhibition by -17% to -521% and -37% to -859% of genes involved in fatty acid, triacylglycerol (TG), and cholesterol biosynthesis in the livers of OI100 and OI50, respectively, compared with OC (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities of fatty acid synthase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase in the liver were 100-150% greater in OC compared with LC, but reduced by 50-60% in OI100 compared with OC (P < 0.05), to the same level as in LC. Liver and plasma concentrations of TG and cholesterol were 250-1000%, 30-800%, and 40-600% higher in OC, OI50, and OI100, respectively, than in LC (P < 0.05), but 40-60% and 20-60% lower in OI100 and OI50, respectively, than in group OC (P < 0.05). Plasma and liver concentrations of homocysteine were 20-30% lower in group OI100 than in group OC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Insect meal exerts pronounced lipid-lowering effects in hyperlipidemic rats and, thus, might be useful for hyperlipidemic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Schwarz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology
| | - Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meyer S, Gessner DK, Wen G, Most E, Liebisch G, Zorn H, Ringseis R, Eder K. The Antisteatotic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Insect Meal in Obese Zucker Rats is Accompanied by Profound Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid and 1-Carbon Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801305. [PMID: 30688013 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The hypothesis is tested that insect meal, which has a low methionine content, reduces the hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC):phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio, which is a critical determinant of hepatic lipid synthesis, by decreasing availability of the methionine metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). METHODS AND RESULTS Obese rats (n = 24) are randomly divided into two groups (Obese Casein and Obese Insect) of 12 rats each. In addition, lean rats (n = 12) are used as control group (LC). Groups LC and OC receive a control diet with casein as protein source, whereas in the OI group, casein is replaced isonitrogenously by insect meal, which is found to be less digestible (-12% units). Plasma and liver concentrations of lipids and hepatic expression of lipid synthesizing genes are reduced in the OI group compared to the OC group. Plasma and liver concentration of PC and the PC:PE ratio are decreased in the OI group compared to the OC group, while hepatic concentration of SAM and the hepatic SAM:S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio is lower in the OI group than in the OC group. CONCLUSION The decrease of the hepatic PC:PE ratio is probably a key mechanism explaining the pronounced antisteatotic and hypolipidemic action of insect meal in obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Str. 2, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhar I, Svingen GF, Ueland PM, Lysne V, Svenningsson MM, Tell GS, Nygård OK. Plasma Cystathionine and Risk of Incident Stroke in Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008824. [PMID: 30371177 PMCID: PMC6201441 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cystathionine is an intermediate product in the transsulfuration pathway and formed during the B6-dependent conversion of methionine to cysteine. Elevated plasma cystathionine has been related to atherosclerosis, which is a major etiological factor for ischemic stroke. However, the role of cystathionine in stroke development is unknown. Therefore, we prospectively assessed the association of circulating levels of cystathionine with risk of total and ischemic stroke. Methods and Results Two-thousand thirty-six patients (64% men; median age, 62 years) undergoing coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris were included. Stroke cases were identified by linkage to the CVDNOR (Cardiovascular Disease in Norway) project. Hazard ratios with confidence intervals (95% confidence interval) were estimated by using Cox-regression analyses. During 7.3 years of median follow-up, 124 (6.1%) incident strokes were ascertained, which comprised 100 cases of ischemic stroke. There was a positive association of plasma cystathionine with risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke. Comparing the fourth versus the first cystathionine quartiles, age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 2.11 (1.19-3.75) and 2.56 (1.31-4.99) for total and ischemic stroke, respectively. Additional adjustment for major stroke risk factors only slightly attenuated the associations, which tended to be stronger in patients without previous or existing atrial fibrillation at baseline (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.43 [1.27-4.65] and 2.88 [1.39-5.98] for total and ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions In patients with suspected stable angina pectoris, plasma cystathionine was independently related to increased risk of total stroke and, in particular, ischemic stroke. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 00354081.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes ResearchUniversity of BergenNorway
| | - Gard F.T. Svingen
- Department of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenNorway
- Bevital ASBergenNorway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenNorway
| | | | - Grethe S. Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenNorway
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthBergenNorway
| | - Ottar K. Nygård
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes ResearchUniversity of BergenNorway
- Department of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shimada R, Ebihara K. Soybean amplifies the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine and improves its hypercholesterolemic effect. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:669-676. [PMID: 29207911 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1403886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether soybean (SB) and soy protein isolate (SPI) can prevent the betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol as well as maintain the betaine-induced reduction of plasma Hcy concentration. Rats were fed casein-, SB-, or SPI-based diet with or without betaine; SPI-based diet with betaine containing soybean fiber (SF) or soy lecithin (SL) or the combination of SF and SL. Plasma Hcy concentration was decreased by feeding betaine to rats fed the casein-, SB-, and SPI-based diets. Betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol was decreased by feeding the SB-based diet compared with the casein-based diet, but was not decreased by feeding the SPI-based diet. In rats fed the SPI-based diet, the increased concentration of plasma cholesterol by betaine feeding was not prevented by independent addition of SL or SF, but was prevented by a combination of SL and SF, and was associated with increased fecal excretion of bile acids.
Collapse
Key Words
- BHMT, betaine-homocysteine-S-methyltransferase
- Betaine
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthesis
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- HMG-CoA reductase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- Hcy, homocysteine
- MS, methionine synthesis
- MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine, SPI, soy protein isolate
- SB, soybean
- SF, soy fiber
- SL, soy lecithin
- TG, triglyceride
- plasma cholesterol
- plasma homocysteine
- soy protein isolate
- soybean
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Shimada
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Osaka Aoyama University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ebihara
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , Osaka Aoyama University , Osaka , Japan
- b Department of Biological Resources, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Myocardial metabolic alterations in mice with diet-induced atherosclerosis: linking sulfur amino acid and lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13597. [PMID: 29051579 PMCID: PMC5648757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the effect of diet on the atherosclerotic heart’s metabolism is unclear. We used an integrated metabolomics and lipidomics approach to evaluate metabolic perturbations in heart and serum from mice fed an atherogenic diet (AD) for 8, 16, and 25 weeks. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics revealed significant changes in sulfur amino acid (SAA) and lipid metabolism in heart from AD mice compared with heart from normal diet mice. Higher SAA levels in AD mice were quantitatively verified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Lipidomic profiling revealed that fatty acid and triglyceride (TG) levels in the AD group were altered depending on the degree of unsaturation. Additionally, levels of SCD1, SREBP-1, and PPARγ were reduced in AD mice after 25 weeks, while levels of reactive oxygen species were elevated. The results suggest that a long-term AD leads to SAA metabolism dysregulation and increased oxidative stress in the heart, causing SCD1 activity suppression and accumulation of toxic TGs with a low degree of unsaturation. These findings demonstrate that the SAA metabolic pathway is a promising therapeutic target for CVD treatment and that metabolomics can be used to investigate the metabolic signature of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Lin X, Zhou X, Wan D, Wang Z, Wu X, Yin Y. Effects of dynamic feeding low and high methionine diets on egg quality traits in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1459-1465. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
23
|
Zhang C, Zhang R, Li YM, Liang N, Zhao Y, Zhu H, He Z, Liu J, Hao W, Jiao R, Ma KY, Chen ZY. Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Tartary Buckwheat Protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1900-1906. [PMID: 28199789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that Tartary buckwheat flour is capable of reducing plasma cholesterol. The present study was to examine the effect of rutin and Tartary buckwheat protein on plasma total cholesterol (TC) in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. In the first animal experiment, 40 male hamsters were divided into four groups fed either the control diet or one of the three experimental diets containing 8.2 mmol rutin, 8.2 mmol quercetin, or 2.5 g kg-1 cholestyramine, respectively. Results showed that only cholestyramine but not rutin and its aglycone quercetin decreased plasma TC, which suggested that rutin was not the active ingredient responsible for plasma TC-lowering activity of Tartary buckwheat flour. In the second animal experiment, 45 male hamsters were divided into five groups fed either the control diet or one of the four experimental diets containing 24% Tartary buckwheat protein, 24% rice protein, 24% wheat protein, or 5 g kg-1 cholestyramine, respectively. Tartary buckwheat protein reduced plasma TC more effectively than cholestyramine (45% versus 37%), while rice and wheat proteins only reduced plasma TC by 10-13%. Tartary buckwheat protein caused 108% increase in the fecal excretion of total neutral sterols and 263% increase in the fecal excretion of total acidic sterols. real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses showed that Tartary buckwheat protein affected the gene expression of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 (NPC1L1), acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), and ATP binding cassette transporters 5 and 8 (ABCG5/8) in a down trend, whereas it increased the gene expression of hepatic cholesterol-7α -hydroxylase (CYP7A1). It was concluded that Tartary buckwheat protein was at least one of the active ingredients in Tartary buckwheat flour to lower plasma TC, mainly mediated by enhancing the excretion of bile acids via up-regulation of hepatic CYP7A1 and also by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol via down-regulation on intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2 and ABCG5/8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengnan Zhang
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changchun, China
| | - Yuk Man Li
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zouyan He
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Wangjun Hao
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jia Y, Ling M, Zhang L, Jiang S, Sha Y, Zhao R. Downregulation of miR-150 Expression by DNA Hypermethylation Is Associated with High 2-Hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic Acid-Induced Hepatic Cholesterol Accumulation in Nursery Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7530-7539. [PMID: 27648945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess 2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB) supplementation induces hyperhomocysteinemia, which contributes to hepatic cholesterol accumulation. However, it is unclear whether and how high levels of HMB break hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in nursery piglets. In this study, HMB oversupplementation suppressed food intake and decreased body weight in nursery piglets. Hyperhomocysteinemia and higher hepatic cholesterol accumulation were observed in HMB groups. Accordingly, HMB significantly increased the protein content of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) but decreased that of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1). Significant downregulation of miR-150, miR-181d-5p, and miR-296-3p targeting the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of GNMT and HMGCR was detected in the liver of HMB-treated piglets, and their functional validation was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, hypermethylation of miR-150 promoter was detected in association with suppressed miR-150 expression in the livers of HMB-treated piglets. This study indicated a new mechanism of hepatic cholesterol unhomeostasis by dietary methyl donor supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Luchu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Sha
- China Feed Industry Association, Ministry of Agriculture , Peking 100125, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mechanistic basis of hypermethioninemia. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2479-2489. [PMID: 27465642 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypermethioninemia is a condition defined as elevated plasma methionine levels and may be a consequence of different conditions that include non-genetic and genetic causes. In severe cases, hypermethioninemia may lead to development of neurological and hepatic impairments, but mechanisms are still not well elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to reunite the knowledge acquired about the methionine-induced brain and liver toxicity focusing on the results obtained by studies from patients, in vitro experiments, and in vivo animal models. In general, some studies have shown that methionine decreases Na+,K+-ATPase activity, induces oxidative stress, increases acetylcholinesterase activity, and leads to dendritic spine downregulation in brain. Concerning to liver, hypermethioninemia seems to provoke changes in cell morphology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ATP depletion. It is possible to infer that oxidative damage is one of the most important mechanisms responsible for methionine toxicity, since different studies showed that this amino acid induces oxidative stress in brain and liver tissues. Besides, reactive oxygen species may mediate other alterations induced by methionine, such as the reduction in brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and liver inflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R, Golian A, Zarghi H. Effect of digestible methionine + cystine concentration on performance, egg quality and blood metabolites in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:403-14. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1173199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H. Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1: Is It the Link between Sulfur Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism? BIOLOGY 2015; 4:383-96. [PMID: 26046927 PMCID: PMC4498306 DOI: 10.3390/biology4020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An association between sulfur amino acids (methionine, cysteine, homocysteine and taurine) and lipid metabolism has been described in several experimental and population-based studies. Changes in the metabolism of these amino acids influence serum lipoprotein concentrations, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. However, recent evidence has suggested that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) may be the link between these two metabolic pathways. SCD-1 is a key enzyme for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Its main substrates C16:0 and C18:0 and products palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the most abundant fatty acids in triglycerides, cholesterol esters and membrane phospholipids. A significant suppression of SCD-1 has been observed in several animal models with disrupted sulfur amino acid metabolism, and the activity of SCD-1 is also associated with the levels of these amino acids in humans. This enzyme also appears to be involved in the etiology of metabolic syndromes because its suppression results in decreased fat deposits (regardless of food intake), improved insulin sensitivity and higher basal energy expenditure. Interestingly, this anti-obesogenic phenotype has also been described in humans and animals with sulfur amino acid disorders, which is consistent with the hypothesis that SCD-1 activity is influenced by these amino acids, in particularly cysteine, which is a strong and independent predictor of SCD-1 activity and fat storage. In this narrative review, we discuss the evidence linking sulfur amino acids, SCD-1 and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
28
|
Radtke J, Schutkowski A, Brandsch C, Hirche F, Hasenkopf K, Stangl GI. Isolated Conglutin γ from Lupin, but not Phytate, Lowers Serum Cholesterol Without Influencing Vascular Lesion Development in the ApoE-deficient Mouse Model. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:113-118. [PMID: 25814378 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conglutin γ and phytate are considered as potential biofunctional compounds of lupin protein isolate, but their impact on vascular health is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of conglutin γ and phytate, respectively, on circulating levels of sterols, markers of cholesterol biosynthesis and minerals, and on the development and progression of aortic lesions in apoE-deficient mice. To this end, mice were fed a western diet with either casein (200 g/kg; served as a control), conglutin γ from L. angustifolius (200 g/kg) or casein (200 g/kg) supplemented with phytate (5 g/kg) for 16 weeks. Here we found that conglutin γ but not phytate was capable of reducing the circulating concentration of cholesterol. Plasma levels of desmosterol and lathosterol as markers of the cholesterol synthesis were not affected, and 7-dehydrocholesterol was even higher in mice fed conglutin γ than in mice fed casein or casein + phytate. All mice developed pronounced aortic lesions, but histological characterization of plaque area and composition showed no differences between the three groups of mice. Conclusively, conglutin γ exerts cholesterol-lowering effects but appears to have no anti-atherosclerotic properties in the apoE-deficient mice. Phytate neither affected plasma cholesterol nor aortic lesion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Radtke
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Circulating levels of apelin, glucagon-like peptide and visfatin in hypercholesterolemic–hyperhomocysteinemic guinea-pigs: their relation with NO metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:69-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Maternal dietary betaine supplementation modifies hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes via epigenetic mechanisms in newborn piglets. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1459-68. [PMID: 25216241 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of maternal dietary betaine supplementation on hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes in newborn piglets and the involved epigenetic mechanisms, we fed gestational sows with control or betaine-supplemented diets (3 g/kg) throughout pregnancy. Neonatal piglets born to betaine-supplemented sows had higher serum methionine concentration and hepatic content of betaine, which was associated with significantly up-regulated hepatic expression of glycine N-methyltransferase. Prenatal betaine exposure increased hepatic cholesterol content and modified the hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolic genes in neonatal piglets. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 was down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels, while 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) was down-regulated at the mRNA level, but up-regulated at the protein level, in betaine-exposed piglets. The transcriptional repression of HMGCR was associated with CpG island hypermethylation and higher repressive histone mark H3K27me3 (histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation) on the promoter, whereas increased HMGCR protein content was associated with significantly decreased expression of miR-497. Furthermore, LDL receptor was significantly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the liver of betaine-exposed piglets, which was associated with promoter CpG hypermethylation. In addition, the expression of cholesterol-27α-hydroxylase (CYP27α1) was up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels, while the expression of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7α1) was increased at the mRNA level, but unchanged at the protein level associated with increased expression of miR-181. These results indicate that maternal betaine supplementation increases hepatic cholesterol content in neonatal piglets through epigenetic regulations of cholesterol metabolic genes, which involve alterations in DNA and histone methylation and in the expression of microRNA targeting these genes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hashemi S, Loh T, Foo H, Zulkifli I, Bejo MH. Effects of putrescine supplementation on growth performance, blood lipids and immune response in broiler chickens fed methionine deficient diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Bhattacharyya S, Sarkar A, Dey SK, Jose GP, Mukherjee A, Sengupta TK. Copper(ii) complex of methionine conjugated bis-pyrazole based ligand promotes dual pathway for DNA cleavage. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11709-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
33
|
Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Graham IM, Palma Reis R, Sales Luis A, Smith AD, Refsum H. The association of fasting plasma sulfur-containing compounds with BMI, serum lipids and apolipoproteins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1031-1038. [PMID: 21550220 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sulfur amino acids are recognized as potent modulators of lipid metabolism. Plasma total cysteine (tCys) is associated with fat mass, obesity and serum LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)-B in large population studies. It is not known how fasting plasma concentrations of cysteine precursors and products relate to these associations in humans, given that sulfur-containing compounds (SCC) influence rodent weight gain and serum lipids. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the cross-sectional associations of fasting plasma SCC (methionine, total homocysteine, cystathionine, tCys, taurine and total glutathione) with BMI and fasting serum lipids and apolipoproteins in 854 men and women with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, CVD and other SCC, neither methionine, taurine, nor total glutathione was associated with BMI. Plasma taurine was, however, inversely related to HDL-cholesterol (partial r = -0.12, p = 0.004) and its associated apoA1 (partial r = -0.18, p < 0.001). Plasma cystathionine correlated positively with triglycerides and BMI, while tCys positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (partial r = 0.20, p < 0.001) and its associated apoB. The associations of SCC with serum lipids were independent of BMI. tCys was also independently associated with BMI (partial r = 0.20, p < 0.001) after adjustment for other SCC, glucose, lipids and apolipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Fasting tCys is associated with BMI independently of metabolically related SCC. Elevation of plasma SCC is generally associated with an unfavorable lipid profile. The negative relations of plasma taurine with HDL-C and apoA1 deserve further investigation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Viggiano A, Viggiano E, Monda M, Ingrosso D, Perna AF, De Luca B. Methionine-enriched diet decreases hippocampal antioxidant defences and impairs spontaneous behaviour and long-term potentiation in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1471:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
35
|
Vitvitsky V, Kabil O, Banerjee R. High turnover rates for hydrogen sulfide allow for rapid regulation of its tissue concentrations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:22-31. [PMID: 22229551 PMCID: PMC3342560 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a signaling molecule, which influences many physiological processes. While H(2)S is produced and degraded in many cell types, the kinetics of its turnover in different tissues has not been reported. In this study, we have assessed the rates of H(2)S production in murine liver, kidney, and brain homogenates at pH 7.4, 37°C, and at physiologically relevant cysteine concentrations. We have also studied the kinetics of H(2)S clearance by liver, kidney, and brain homogenates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. RESULTS We find that the rate of H(2)S production by these tissue homogenates is considerably higher than background rates observed in the absence of exogenous substrates. An exponential decay of H(2)S with time is observed and, as expected, is significantly faster under aerobic conditions. The half-life for H(2)S under aerobic conditions is 2.0, 2.8, and 10.0 min with liver, kidney, and brain homogenate, respectively. Western-blot analysis of the sulfur dioxygenase, ETHE1, involved in H(2)S catabolism, demonstrates higher steady-state protein levels in liver and kidney versus brain. INNOVATION By combining experimental and simulation approaches, we demonstrate high rates of tissue H(2)S turnover and provide estimates of steady-state H(2)S levels. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that tissues maintain a high metabolic flux of sulfur through H(2)S, providing a rationale for how H(2)S levels can be rapidly regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vitvitsky
- Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary Lupinus angustifolius proteins in adult rats through regulation of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Food Chem 2011; 132:1475-1479. [PMID: 29243638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a clear indication from previous studies, a rat study was designed to evaluate a possible hypolipidaemic effect of Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupin) proteins. Rats were fed for 28days Nath's hypercholesterolaemic diets containing 20% casein or blue lupin proteins. After 14 and 28days of dietary treatment, blue-lupin-fed rats had markedly lower plasma total cholesterol levels than rats fed casein (-53.0% and -55.3%, respectively, p<0.0005). No significant differences were instead observed for triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels between the two groups. Lupin-protein-fed rats displayed higher hepatic mRNA levels of SREBP-2, a major transcriptional regulator of intracellular cholesterol levels, and CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a marked cholesterol-lowering activity of proteins from L. angustifolius in rats. Moreover, blue lupin proteins appear to affect cellular lipid homeostasis by up-regulating SREBP-2 and CYP7A1 genes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee JH, Jun HJ, Jia Y, Kim W, Choi SG, Lee SJ. Critical role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ on body fat reduction in C57BL/6J and human apolipoprotein E2 transgenic mice fed delipidated soybean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11872-81. [PMID: 21894990 DOI: 10.1021/jf202910u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of soy protein and fiber reduces body fat accumulation; however, the mechanism of this effect has not been clearly understood. We investigated the antiobesogenic effect of soy protein and fiber in two different mouse models. Normolipidemic nonobese C57BL/6J and hyperlipidemic obese human apolipoprotein E2 transgenic mice were fed either delipidated soybean (DLSB) containing soy protein and fiber or a control diet. The DLSB-fed mice showed a significant reduction in body weight gain and adiposity compared with controls, in both C57BL/6J and apoE2 mice. All metabolic parameters were significantly improved in the DLSB group compared with controls: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and leptin levels were significantly reduced. Adiponectin concentrations were significantly elevated, and glucose tolerance was improved. In both types of DLSB-fed mice, the specific induction of PPAR-δ protein expression was evident in muscle and adipose tissues. The expression of PPAR-δ target genes in the DLSB-fed mice was also significantly altered. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthase levels in adipose tissue were downregulated, and uncoupling protein-2 in muscle was upregulated. Intestinal expression of fatty acid transport protein-4, cluster of differentiation-36, and acyl-CoA synthetase were significantly downregulated. We propose that marked activation of PPAR-δ is the primary mechanism mediating the antiobesogenic effect of soybean and that PPAR-δ has multiple actions: induction of thermogenesis in muscle, reduction of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue, and reduction of fatty acid uptake in intestinal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effect of ruminally protected methionine on body weight gain and growth of antlers in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the humid tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:681-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Yang L, Kadowaki M. Addition of Methionine to Rice Protein Affects Hepatic Cholesterol Output Inducing Hypocholesterolemia in Rats Fed Cholesterol-Free Diets. J Med Food 2011; 14:445-53. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rigamonti E, Parolini C, Marchesi M, Diani E, Brambilla S, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Hypolipidemic effect of dietary pea proteins: Impact on genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 1:S24-30. [PMID: 20077421 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controversial data on the lipid-lowering effect of dietary pea proteins have been provided and the mechanisms behind this effect are not completely understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible hypolipidemic activity of a pea protein isolate and to determine whether pea proteins could affect the hepatic lipid metabolism through regulation of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Rats were fed Nath's hypercholesterolemic diets for 28 days, the protein sources being casein or a pea protein isolate from Pisum sativum. After 14 and 28 days of dietary treatment, rats fed pea proteins had markedly lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels than rats fed casein (p<0.05). Pea protein-fed rats displayed higher hepatic mRNA levels of LDL receptor versus those fed casein (p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA concentration of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis, such as fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, was lower in pea protein-fed rats than in rats fed casein (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a marked cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering activity of pea proteins in rats. Moreover, pea proteins appear to affect cellular lipid homeostasis by upregulating genes involved in hepatic cholesterol uptake and by downregulating fatty acid synthesis genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rigamonti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Study of molecular targets influencing homocysteine and cholesterol metabolism in growing rats by manipulation of dietary selenium and methionine concentrations. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:520-32. [PMID: 20350341 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent results exist from human and animal studies for Se and methionine (Met) regarding their influence on homocysteine (HCys) and cholesterol (Chol) metabolism. To elucidate these contradictions, sixty-four weanling albino rats were divided into eight groups of 8, and were fed diets containing four different Se levels (15, 50, 150 and 450 microg/kg) either in combination with the recommended Met level of 3 g/kg (C15, C50, C150 and C450) or with an increased Met concentration of 15 g/kg (M15, M50, M150 and M450) for 8 weeks. Plasma HCys was twofold higher in the Se-supplemented C groups than in group C15. Met addition also doubled plasma HCys compared with the respective C groups. In contrast, the expression of the key enzymes of glutathione biosynthesis in the liver was significantly lowered by Se and in particular by Met. Liver Chol concentration was significantly higher in all the Se-supplemented C and M groups than in groups C15 and M15. Plasma Chol was, however, lowered. The uninfluenced expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 2 and of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, the increased LDL receptor expression and the reduced expression of the hepatobiliary Chol exporter ATP-binding-cassette-transporter 8 (ABCG8) by Se and/or Met explain these findings. We conclude that the elevation of plasma HCys in rats by Se and Met results from a higher export into plasma. The fact that Se in particular combined with Met increases liver Chol but reduces plasma Chol should be addressed in future investigations focussing on the regulation of ABCG8, which is also selectively involved in the reverse transport of phytosterols in the small intestine.
Collapse
|
42
|
Alimentary proteins, amino acids and cholesterolemia. Amino Acids 2009; 38:15-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
43
|
Koladiya RU, Jaggi AS, Singh N, Sharma BK. Beneficial Effects of Donepezil on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction-Associated Dementia Induced by L-Methionine in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.55.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University
| | - Bhupesh Kumar Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Koladiya RU, Jaggi AS, Singh N, Sharma BK. Ameliorative role of Atorvastatin and Pitavastatin in L-Methionine induced vascular dementia in rats. BMC Pharmacol 2008; 8:14. [PMID: 18691432 PMCID: PMC2529274 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely prescribed drugs for dyslipidemias. Recent studies have indicated number of cholesterol independent actions of statins including their beneficial effects on vascular endothelial dysfunction and memory deficits associated with dementia of Alzheimer's type. However the potential of statins in dementia of vascular origin still remains to be explored. Therefore, the present study has been designed to investigate the effect of Atorvastatin & Pitavastatin on vascular endothelial dysfunction associated memory deficits in rats. In this study L-Methionine induced vascular dementia was assessed by Morris water-maze (MWM) test. Biochemical analysis was also performed to unfold possible mechanism of statins mediated modulation of vascular dementia. RESULTS L-Methionine produced endothelial dysfunction as reflected by significant decrease in serum nitrite concentration. L-Methionine treated rats performed poorly on MWM indicating impairment of memory as well. These rats also showed a significant rise in brain oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and serum total cholesterol levels. Both Atorvastatin as well as Pitavastatin attenuated L-Methionine induced endothelial dysfunction associated memory deficits. Statins also reversed L-Methionine induced rise in brain oxidative stress, AChE activity and serum cholesterol. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of statins may be attributed to their multiple effects and the study highlights the potential of these drugs in vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshkumar U Koladiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Amteshwar S Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Bhupesh K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brandsch C, Shukla A, Hirche F, Stangl GI, Eder K. Effect of proteins from beef, pork, and turkey meat on plasma and liver lipids of rats compared with casein and soy protein. Nutrition 2006; 22:1162-70. [PMID: 16979322 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of dietary proteins isolated from beef, pork, and turkey meat on concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in plasma, lipoproteins, and liver and the composition of the microsomal membrane (fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio) compared with that of casein and soy protein in rats. METHODS Five groups of 12 rats each were fed semisynthetic diets for 20 d that contained 200 g/kg of proteins isolated from beef, pork, or turkey meat or, as controls, casein or soy protein. RESULTS Rats fed beef, pork, or turkey proteins did not differ in cholesterol concentrations of plasma, lipoproteins, and liver and in composition of microsomal membrane from rats fed the casein diet. All groups fed a protein from an animal source had higher very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and liver cholesterol concentrations than did rats fed soy protein. However, rats fed pork protein had lower concentrations of triacylglycerols in liver, plasma, and VLDL and lower mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase than did rats fed casein. However, concentrations of plasma and VLDL triacylglycerols in rats fed pork protein were not as low as those observed in rats fed soy protein. CONCLUSION Proteins isolated from beef, pork, or turkey meat do not differ from casein in their effects on cholesterol metabolism. Pork protein decreases plasma triacylglycerol concentrations compared with casein but not compared with soy protein. The triacylglycerol-lowering effect of pork protein compared with casein is suggested to be caused by decreased hepatic fatty acid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|