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Zhao W, Zhu J, Yang S, Liu J, Sun Z, Sun H. Microalgal metabolic engineering facilitates precision nutrition and dietary regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175460. [PMID: 39137841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for precision nutrition and dietary regulation due to their versatile metabolic capabilities. This review innovatively applies system metabolic engineering to utilize microalgae for precision nutrition and sustainable diets, encompassing the construction of microalgal cell factories, cell cultivation and practical application of microalgae. Manipulating the metabolic pathways and key metabolites of microalgae through multi-omics analysis and employing advanced metabolic engineering strategies, including ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas system, enhances the production of valuable bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential amino acids. This work begins by providing an overview of the metabolic diversity of microalgae and their ability to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. It then delves into the principles and strategies of metabolic engineering, emphasizing the genetic modifications employed to optimize microalgal strains for enhanced nutritional content. Enhancing PSY, BKT, and CHYB benefits carotenoid synthesis, whereas boosting ACCase, fatty acid desaturases, and elongases promotes polyunsaturated fatty acid production. Here, advancements in synthetic biology, evolutionary biology and machine learning are discussed, offering insights into the precision and efficiency of metabolic pathway manipulation. Also, this review highlights the potential impact of microalgal precision nutrition on human health and aquaculture. The optimized microalgal strains could serve as sustainable and cost-effective sources of nutrition for both human consumption and aquaculture feed, addressing the growing demand for functional foods and environmentally friendly feed alternatives. The tailored microalgal strains are anticipated to play a crucial role in meeting the nutritional needs of diverse populations and contributing to sustainable food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiale Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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2
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Zampiga M, Laghi L, Soglia F, Piscitelli R, Dayan J, Petracci M, Bonaldo A, Sirri F. Partial substitution of soybean meal with microalgae meal (Arthrospira spp. - Spirulina) in grower and finisher diets for broiler chickens: implications on performance parameters, footpad dermatitis occurrence, breast meat quality traits, amino acid digestibility and plasma metabolomics profile. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103856. [PMID: 38908124 PMCID: PMC11253657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with microalgae meal (MM; Arthrospira spp.) during grower and finisher phases on productive performance, footpad dermatitis (FPD) occurrence, breast meat quality, amino acid digestibility and plasma metabolomics profile of broiler chickens. One thousand day-old Ross 308 male chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups (8 replicates, 25 birds/each): CON, fed a commercial soybean-based diet throughout the trial (0-41 d); F3 and F6, fed the CON diet up to 28 d of age and then a finisher diet (29-41 d) with either 30 or 60 g MM/kg, respectively; and GF3 and GF6, receiving CON diet until 14 d and then diets containing 30 or 60 g MM/kg from 15 to 41 d, respectively. All diets were iso-energetic and with a similar amino acid profile. Growth performances were recorded on a pen basis at the end of each feeding phase and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility was determined at 41 d. Footpad dermatitis occurrence was assessed on all processed birds, while breast and plasma samples were collected for meat quality and metabolomics analysis (proton nuclear magnetic resonance - 1H-NMR). At 41 d, CON group showed higher body weight than F6 and GF6 ones (2,541 vs. 2,412 vs. 2,384 g, respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, GF6 group exhibited the highest feed conversion ratio, while F3 did not present significant differences compared to CON (1.785 vs. 1.810 vs. 1.934 g feed/g gain, respectively for CON, F3 and GF6; P < 0.01). The occurrence and the risk of developing FPD were similar among groups. MM administration increased breast meat yellowness and reduced amino acid digestibility (P < 0.001). The 1H-NMR analysis revealed variations in the levels of some circulating metabolites, including histidine, arginine and creatine, which play important metabolic roles. Overall, these findings can contribute to expand the knowledge about the use of Arthrospira spp. as protein source in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piscitelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy; Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
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3
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Mendes AR, Spínola MP, Lordelo M, Prates JAM. Impact of Chlorella vulgaris Intake Levels on Performance Parameters and Blood Health Markers in Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2024; 11:290. [PMID: 39057974 PMCID: PMC11281427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examines the effects of cumulative Chlorella vulgaris intake levels on broiler chickens, focusing on growth performance and systemic health markers. The review establishes a clear relationship between cumulative C. vulgaris intake and significant outcomes in poultry nutrition and health through a detailed analysis of various studies. The correlation analysis revealed that cumulative C. vulgaris intake levels ranging from 0.8 to 718 g/bird influenced growth rates and feed efficiency, following sigmoid models. Specifically, intakes of approximately 20 g/bird maximized final body weight (R2 = 0.616, p < 0.001), cumulative body weight gain (R2 = 0.627, p < 0.001) and daily weight gain (R2 = 0.639, p < 0.001). The feed conversion ratio also improved with increasing C. vulgaris intakes up to this level, although this was non-significant (R2 = 0.289, p = 0.117). In addition, similar cumulative C. vulgaris intake levels impacted plasma health markers in broilers, leading to reductions in triacylglycerols and cholesterol and improvements in immunoglobulin levels. These findings underscore the importance of carefully calibrated C. vulgaris supplementation strategies to optimise poultry growth and health without adverse effects. Future research should focus on refining C. vulgaris dosing guidelines and further exploring its long-term effects and mechanisms of action to enhance poultry health and production sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Mendes
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (M.L.)
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P. Spínola
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Lordelo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.R.M.); (M.L.)
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Wang Q, Higgins B, Fallahi A, Wilson AE. Engineered algal systems for the treatment of anaerobic digestate: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120669. [PMID: 38520852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to provide quantitative insights into algal growth and nutrient removal in anaerobic digestate. To synthesize the relevant literature, a meta-analysis was conducted using data from 58 articles to elucidate key factors that impact algal biomass productivity and nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate. On average, algal biomass productivity in anaerobic digestate was significantly lower than that in synthetic control media (p < 0.05) but large variation in productivity was observed. A mixed-effects multiple regression model across study revealed that biological or chemical pretreatment of digestate significantly increase productivity (p < 0.001). In contrast, the commonly used practice of digestate dilution was not a significant factor in the model. High initial total ammonia nitrogen suppressed algal growth (p = 0.036) whereas initial total phosphorus concentration, digestate sterilization, CO2 supplementation, and temperature were not statistically significant factors. Higher growth corresponded with significantly higher NH4-N and phosphorus removal with a linear relationship of 6.4 mg NH4-N and 0.73 mg P removed per 100 mg of algal biomass growth (p < 0.001). The literature suggests that suboptimal algal growth in anaerobic digestate could be due to factors such as turbidity, high free ammonia, and residual organic compounds. This analysis shows that non-dilution approaches, such as biological or chemical pretreatment, for alleviating algal inhibition are recommended for algal digestate treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Wang
- Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Brendan Higgins
- Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alireza Fallahi
- Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Oretomiloye F, Adewole D. Exploring the modulatory effects of brown seaweed meal and extracts on intestinal microbiota and morphology of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103562. [PMID: 38417338 PMCID: PMC10909895 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is known for its prebiotic roles and can improve animal intestinal health by enhancing the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting pathogenic ones. However, the gut health-modulatory roles of brown seaweed on chickens challenged with heat stress (HS) are rarely studied. The current study examined the effects of brown seaweed meal (SWM) and extract (SWE) on the ceca microbiota and small intestinal morphology of chickens challenged or unchallenged with HS. Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1°C); or HS room (HS; 32-34°C, 8 h/d from d 21 to 27). All birds in each room were randomly allotted to 4 treatments - control (CON), CON + 1 mL/L seaweed extract (SWE) in drinking water, CON + 2 mL/L SWE in drinking water, and CON + 2% seaweed meal (SWM) in feed and raised for 28 d. On d 14 and 28, 12 and 24 birds per treatment group, respectively, were euthanized to collect the ceca content for gut microbiota analysis and small intestinal tissues for morphological examination. On d 14, 2% SWM increased (P = 0.047) the relative abundance of cecal Fecalibacterium and all brown seaweed treatments improved jejunal villus height (VH) and VH:CD compared to the CON diet. On d 28, HS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) ileal VH, VW, and VH:CD, and duodenal VH and VH:CD. Among the HS group, 2% SWM and 2 mL/L SWE significantly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Sellimonas, and Fournierella, compared to the CON diet. HS birds fed with 2% SWM had higher ileal VH and VH:CD compared to other treatments. In summary, SWM and SWE enhanced the abundance of beneficial microbes and improved small intestinal morphology among HS chickens. This implies that seaweed could potentially alleviate HS-induced intestinal impairment in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo Oretomiloye
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Uguz S, Sozcu A. Pollutant Gases to Algal Animal Feed: Impacts of Poultry House Exhaust Air on Amino Acid Profile of Algae. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:754. [PMID: 38473139 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Algae provide a rich source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, making them valuable feed ingredients in animal nutrition. Beyond their nutritional benefits, algae have been recognized for their potential to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of poultry production. Poultry production is crucial for the global food supply but contributes to environmental concerns, particularly in terms of ammonia and carbon dioxide gas emissions. This study emphasizes the importance of reducing greenhouse gas and ammonia production in poultry operations by utilizing algae species suitable for animal consumption, highlighting the need for sustainable feed sources. This study investigated the effects of poultry exhaust air and culture conditions on the amino acid profiles of three microalgae species, namely, Scenedesmus sp. (AQUAMEB-60), Ankistrodesmus sp. (AQUAMEB-33), and Synechococcaceae (AQUAMEB 32). The experiments were conducted in a commercial broiler farm in Bursa, Turkey, focusing on reducing pollutant gas emissions and utilizing poultry exhaust air in algae cultivation. The highest protein content of 50.4% was observed in the biomass of Synechococcaceae with BBM and DI water. Scenedesmus sp. had the highest carbohydrate content of 33.4% cultivated with DI water. The algae biomass produced from Synechococcaceae growth with DI water was found to have the highest content of essential and nonessential amino acids, except for glutamic acid and glycine. The arsenic, cadmium, and mercury content showed variations within the following respective ranges: 1.076-3.500 mg/kg, 0.0127-0.1210 mg/kg, and 0.1330-0.0124 mg/kg. The overall operating costs for producing 1.0 g L-1 d-1 of dry algal biomass with the existing PBR system were $0.12-0.35 L-1 d-1, $0.10-0.26 L-1 d-1, and $0.11-0.24 L-1 d-1 for Scenedesmus sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., and Synechococcaceae, respectively. The operating cost of producing 1.0 g L-1 d-1 of protein was in the range of $0.25-0.88 L-1 d-1 for the three algae species. The results provide insights into the potential of algae as a sustainable feed ingredient in animal diets, emphasizing both environmental and economic considerations. The results demonstrated a considerable reduction in the production costs of dry biomass and protein when utilizing poultry house exhaust air, highlighting the economic viability and nutritional benefits of this cultivation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Uguz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66200, Turkey
| | - Arda Sozcu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Mishra P, Das R, Chaudhary A, Mishra B, Jha R. Effects of microalgae, with or without xylanase supplementation, on serum immunoglobulins, cecal short-chain fatty acids, microbial diversity, and metabolic pathways of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103325. [PMID: 38096670 PMCID: PMC10762467 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern broilers are highly susceptible to environmental and pathogenic threats, leading to gut disorders and poor nutrient utilization if not managed properly. Nutritional programming using several feedstuffs and coproducts to manage gut health has been studied. This study used microalgae as a functional compound and xylanase enzyme in broilers' diets as a strategy to manage gut health. A total of 162 one-day-old unsexed Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatments: a) corn-soybean meal-based control diet (CON), b) 3% microalgae (MAG), and c) MAG with xylanase enzyme (MAG+XYN). The chicks were reared for 35 days (d) on a floor pen system maintaining standard environment conditions to evaluate the effects of microalgae, with or without xylanase supplementation, on serum immunoglobulins, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, cecal microbial diversity, and metabolic pathways. No significant differences were found for serum immunoglobulin and cecal SCFA among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Relative microbial abundance at the genus level showed that MAG and MAG+XYN groups had a diverse microbial community on d 3 and d 35. However, no bacterial genus had a significant difference (P > 0.05) in their relative abundance on d 3, but 16 genera showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in their relative abundance among the dietary treatments on d 35. Most of these bacteria were SCFA-producing bacteria. Moreover, MAG and MAG+XYN-fed broilers had better responses than CON groups for metabolic pathways (D-mannose degradation, pectin degradation I and II, β-1-4-mannan degradation, tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione-peroxide redox reactions, lactate fermentation to propionate, acetate, and hydrogen, etc.) both on d 3 and d 35. The results suggest that using microalgae, with or without xylanase, had no statistical impact on serum immunoglobulins and cecal SCFA production in broilers. However, an improvement in the cecal microbial diversity and metabolic pathways, which are essential indicators of gut health and nutrient utilization, was observed. Most of the improved metabolic pathways were related to fiber utilization and oxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Razib Das
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ajay Chaudhary
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Uguz S, Sozcu A. Nutritional Value of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Produced with Batch and Continuous Cultivation: Potential Use as Feed Material in Poultry Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3431. [PMID: 37958186 PMCID: PMC10650744 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for new alternative feedstuffs that do not contain chemical residue and are not genetically modified has been increased for sustainability in poultry production. In this respect, the usage of algae as animal feed is very promising as an alternative feed ingredient that reduces pollutant gases from animal production facilities. The aim of the current study is to investigate the usage possibility of algae, through determining nutritional value and production cost, as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. Three microalgae species, including Scenedesmus sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., and Synechococcaceae, were produced with batch and continuous cultivation to determine the difference in the lipid, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles, as well as the color characteristics and production cost. The highest lipid content of 72.5% was observed in algae biomass produced from Synechococcaceae with batch cultivation, whereas the highest protein level was found in algae biomass produced by Synechococcaceae under continuous cultivation practice (25.6%). The highest content of PUFA was observed in Scenedesmus sp. harvested from both batch and continuous cultivation (35.6 and 36.2%), whereas the lowest content of PUFA was found in Synechococcaceae harvested with continuous cultivation (0.4%). Continuously cultivated of Scenedesmus sp. had higher carbohydrate content than batch-cultivated Scenedesmus sp. (57.2% vs. 50.1%). The algae biomass produced from Synechococcaceae was found to have a higher content of essential amino acids, except lysine and histidine, compared to Scenedesmus sp. and Ankistrodesmus sp. Cultivation practices also affected the amino acid level in each algae species. The continuous cultivation practice resulted in a higher level of essential amino acids, except glycine. Synechococcaceae had richer essential amino acid content except for proline and ornithine, whereas continuous cultivation caused an incremental increase in non-essential amino acids. The lightness value was found to be the lowest (13.9) in Scenedesmus sp. that was continuously cultivated. The current study indicated that Scenedesmus sp. could be offered for its high PUFA and lysine content, whereas Synechococcaceae could have potential due to its high content of methionine and threonine, among the investigated microalgae and Cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Uguz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Arda Sozcu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey;
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González-Meza GM, Elizondo-Luevano JH, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R. New Perspective for Macroalgae-Based Animal Feeding in the Context of Challenging Sustainable Food Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3609. [PMID: 37896072 PMCID: PMC10610262 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Food production is facing challenging times due to the pandemic, and climate change. With production expected to double by 2050, there is a need for a new paradigm in sustainable animal feed supply. Seaweeds offer a highly valuable opportunity in this regard. Seaweeds are classified into three categories: brown (Phaeophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and green (Chlorophyceae). While they have traditionally been used in aquafeed, their demand in the feed market is growing, parallelly increasing according to the food demand. Additionally, seaweeds are being promoted for their nutritional benefits, which contribute to the health, growth, and performance of animals intended for human consumption. Moreover, seaweeds contain biologically active compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants (polyphenols), and pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), which possess beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and act as prebiotics. This review offers a new perspective on the valorization of macroalgae biomass due to their nutritional profile and bioactive components, which have the potential to play a crucial role in animal growth and making possible new sources of healthy food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M. González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Joel H. Elizondo-Luevano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Sara P. Cuellar-Bermudez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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10
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Dansou DM, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:315-333. [PMID: 37635928 PMCID: PMC10448277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens' diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M. Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Racines MP, Solis MN, Šefcová MA, Herich R, Larrea-Álvarez M, Revajová V. An Overview of the Use and Applications of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1944. [PMID: 37630504 PMCID: PMC10459855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of government regulations on antibiotic use, along with the public's concern for drug resistance, has strengthened interest in developing alternatives not only aimed at preserving animal production but also at reducing the effects of pathogenic infections. Probiotics, in particular, are considered microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host after consumption of adequate amounts; they have been established as a potential strategy for improving growth, especially by stimulating intestinal homeostasis. Probiotics are commonly associated with lactic acid bacteria, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a well-studied species recognized for its favorable characteristics, including adhesion to epithelial cells, production of antimicrobial compounds, and activation of receptors that prompt the transcription of immune-associated genes. Recently, this species has been used in animal production. Different studies have shown that the application of L. fermentum strains not only improves the intestinal ecosystem but also reduces the effects caused by potentially pathogenic microorganisms. These studies have also revealed key insights into the mechanisms behind the actions exerted by this probiotic. In this manuscript, we aim to provide a concise overview of the effects of L. fermentum administration on broiler chicken health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Racines
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Maria Nicole Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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12
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Lee JY, Yoon JH, An SH, Cho IH, Lee CW, Jeon YJ, Joo SS, Ban BC, Lee JY, Jung HJ, Kim M, Kim ZH, Jung JY, Kim M, Kong C. Intestinal Immune Cell Populations, Barrier Function, and Microbiomes in Broilers Fed a Diet Supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2380. [PMID: 37508157 PMCID: PMC10376636 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the distribution of immune cells, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant markers, and the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, with body weight as the blocking factor. Birds fed a diet containing CV showed an increase in CD4+ T cells (p < 0.05) compared to those fed the control diet. The relative mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial barrier function-related markers (occludin and avian β-defensin 5) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the CV-supplemented group compared to the control group. The alpha diversity indices (Chao1 and observed features) of the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old birds increased (p < 0.05), indicating higher richness within the cecal bacterial community. In the microbiome analysis, enriched genera abundance of Clostridium ASF356 and Coriobacteriaceae CHKCI002 was observed in birds fed the diet containing CV compared to those fed the control diet. Taken together, dietary CV supplementation might alter intestinal barrier function, immunity, and microbiomes in 10-day-old broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hyeok Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun An
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Ban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Lee
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jung
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim YB, Park J, Heo YJ, Lee HG, Kwon BY, Joo SS, Joo SY, Kim M, Kim ZH, Lee KW. Effect of Dietary Chlorella vulgaris or Tetradesmus obliquus on Laying Performance and Intestinal Immune Cell Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101589. [PMID: 37238018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) or Tetradesmus obliquus (TO) on laying performance, egg quality, and gut health indicators of laying hens. A total of 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 21 weeks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments with eight replicates of six hens. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; CV, basal diet + 5 g C. vulgaris/kg of diet; TO, basal diet + 5 g T. obliquus/kg of diet. The results showed that diets supplemented with CV or TO had insignificant effects on laying performance, egg quality (i.e., Haugh unit and eggshell strength and thickness), jejunal histology, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and antioxidant/immune markers in ileal mucosa samples of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the egg yolk color score was higher (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed on diets containing CV and TO, although the former was a more intense yellow than the latter. Small intestinal lamina propria cells were isolated using flow cytometry to examine the percentages of immune cell subpopulations. Dietary microalgae did not affect B cells or monocytes/macrophages but altered the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD8- TCR γδ T cells. Collectively, diets supplemented with C. vulgaris or T. obliquus can improve egg yolk color and would modulate host immune development and competence in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Joo
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Deparment, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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14
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Enhancing Digestibility of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Monogastric Diets: Strategies and Insights. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061017. [PMID: 36978557 PMCID: PMC10044532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, such as Chlorella vulgaris (CV), have been identified as promising animal feed sources due to their high content of essential nutrients, including proteins, total lipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments. This study aimed to review the digestibility, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of nutrients from CV biomass, and to analyse strategies to enhance their digestibility in monogastric animal diets. The study conducted a systematic review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, up until the end of January 2023. The results of adding CV to poultry and swine diets were diverse and depended on a number of variables. However, pre-treatments applied to CV biomass improved nutrient digestibility and accessibility. CV biomass, produced in a cost-effective manner, has the potential to serve as a supplement or substitute for expensive feed ingredients and improve animal health, physiology, and immune status. Variations in results may be due to differences in microalgal strain, cultivation conditions, and dietary inclusion levels, among other factors. This study provides new insights and perspectives into the utilization of CV biomass in animal diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient to improve nutrient utilization.
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15
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Zampiga M, Brugaletta G, Ceccaroni F, Bonaldo A, Pignata S, Sirri F. Performance response of broiler chickens fed diets containing dehydrated microalgae meal as partial replacement for soybean until 22 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Lee W, Matthews A, Moore D. Safety Evaluation of a Novel Algal Feed Additive for Poultry Production. Avian Dis 2022; 66:1-11. [PMID: 36214407 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Feed additives are critical components for poultry health and the economic viability of antibiotic-free poultry production. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of a novel algal-derived feed additive, a dried biomass powder produced from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain crAL082, modified to express an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (EC 3.5.1.28) and a lysozyme-type enzyme (EC 3.2.1.17). A 42-day oral toxicity study showed that the crAL082 dried biomass powder was fully tolerated by broiler chicken based on the lack of detrimental effects found in performance, mortality, hematology, blood clinical chemistry, and histopathologic results compared with those of a nontreated control group, resulting in a "No Observed Adverse Effect Level" of 5000 ppm, the highest dose tested. The study demonstrates the first-ever safety result of a C. reinhardtii microalgae dried biomass powder used as a feed additive in broiler chickens. Furthermore, safety is shown for the two additional enzymes expressed within the C. reinhardtii crAL082 strain and ingested by the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiluo Lee
- Axitan Ltd., Ground Floor Offices, Whittle Way, SG1 2FS, Stevenage, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Daniel Moore
- Colorado Quality Research, Inc., Wellington, CO 80549
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17
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A PMAxxTM qPCR Assay Reveals That Dietary Administration of the Microalgae Tetraselmis chuii Does Not Affect Salmonella Infantis Caecal Content in Early-Treated Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090487. [PMID: 36136705 PMCID: PMC9503589 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars cause infections in humans. S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis is considered relevant and is commonly reported in poultry products. Evaluating innovative approaches for resisting colonization in animals could contribute to the goal of reducing potential human infections. Microalgae represent a source of molecules associated with performance and health improvement in chickens. Tetraselmis chuii synthesizes fermentable polysaccharides as part of their cell wall content; these sugars are known for influencing caecal bacterial diversity. We hypothesized if its dietary administration could exert a positive effect on caecal microbiota in favor of a reduced S. Infantis load. A total of 72 one-day-old broiler chickens (COBB 500) were randomly allocated into three groups: a control, a group infected with bacteria (day 4), and a group challenged with S. Infantis but fed a microalgae-based diet. Caecal samples (n = 8) were collected two days post-infection. A PMAxxTM-based qPCR approach was developed to assess differences regarding bacterial viable load between groups. The inclusion of the microalga did not modify S. Infantis content, although the assay proved to be efficient, sensitive, and repeatable. The utilized scheme could serve as a foundation for developing novel PCR-based methodologies for estimating Salmonella colonization.
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18
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Willett M, Campbell M, Schoenfeld E, Callcott E. Review of Associated Health Benefits of Algal Supplementation in Cattle with Reference to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Feedlot Systems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151943. [PMID: 35953932 PMCID: PMC9367321 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Australian beef industry bovine respiratory disease is considered one of the most common disease and costs the industry an average net loss of $1647.53 Australian dollars per animal death to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). This is due to the disease overwhelming the animal’s immune system during a period where they experience multiple stressors that consequently increase the animal’s susceptivity to disease. Research into the bioactive compounds commonly found in marine algae is rapidly increasing due to its positive health benefits and potential immune modulating properties. Algal supplementation within previous studies has resulted in improved reproduction potential, growth performance, increases antioxidant activity and decreased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Additional research is required to further understand the aetiology of BRD and complete analysis of the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds within marine algae to fully explore the potential of marine algae supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Willett
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Campbell
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Ebony Schoenfeld
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Callcott
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (M.W.); (M.C.); (E.S.)
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-4582
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Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, coupled with ocean acidification and warming, results in an increased concentration of marine algae, severely impacting some regions. Several algae are a rich source of protein and minerals. Marine algae are rich in bioactive molecules with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial properties. These properties make them attractive for usage in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. for use as poultry feed. Chemical analyses show that crude protein (CP) in analyzed algae was 9.07–63.63%, with a fiber content of 0.15–17.20%, and a crude fat range of 0.152–2.11%, suggesting that algae can partially substitute imported protein sources used for poultry feed. A rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) was used to assess the environmental footprint of algae usage in poultry feed. The environmental assessment results show promising opportunities to help harvest the algae from the marine area. However, the feasibility of establishing outdoor algal ponds is not environmentally viable in the Middle East.
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Roques S, Koopmans SJ, Mens A, van Harn J, van Krimpen M, Kar SK. Effect of Feeding 0.8% Dried Powdered Chlorella vulgaris Biomass on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology during Grower Phase in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091114. [PMID: 35565541 PMCID: PMC9102271 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was performed to study the effects of a low inclusion level of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) biomass in broiler diets on performance, immune response related to inflammatory status, and the intestinal histomorphology. The study was performed with 120 Ross 308 male broiler chickens from 0−35 days of age. The broilers were housed in 12 floor pens (1.5 m2) bedded with wood shavings. The broilers received a three phase diet program, either with 0.8% CV biomass (CV) or without CV (CON). Each diet program was replicated in six pens. The final body weight increased (p = 0.053), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR), corrected for body weight, was reduced (p = 0.02) in birds fed CV compared to birds fed CON. In addition, decreased haptoglobins (p = 0.02) and interleukin-13 (p < 0.01) responses were observed during the grower phase of birds fed CV compared to the birds fed CON. A strong correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) was observed between haptoglobin response and FCR. Histomorphology parameters of the jejunum were not different between the groups. It was concluded that the inclusion of 0.8% CV biomass in broiler diets is effective in influencing immune responses related to inflammatory status and promoting broiler growth.
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21
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Spirulina platensis and biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles improve performance, antioxidant status, humoral immunity and dietary and ileal microbial populations of heat-stressed broilers. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Šefcová MA, Santacruz F, Larrea-Álvarez CM, Vinueza-Burgos C, Ortega-Paredes D, Molina-Cuasapaz G, Rodríguez J, Calero-Cáceres W, Revajová V, Fernández-Moreira E, Larrea-Álvarez M. Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3601. [PMID: 34944376 PMCID: PMC8698060 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from Tysochrysis lutea, Tetraselmis chuii, and Porphyridium cruentum over 30 days and a control group. T. chuii and P. cruentum had a positive effect with regard to body weight. In treated animals, duodenal and ileal sections showed characteristic tall and thin villi, with serrated surfaces and goblet cell differentiation. In both sections, values of the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio were increased by microalgae ingestion. The thawing weight loss of fillets was reduced in T. chuii-fed animals. The positive effects exerted by T. chuii and P. cruentum on intestinal architecture were associated with the improved body weight. Arguably, these outcomes exhibit the potential of using these species to enhance growth performance in broiler chickens by promoting gut homeostasis and thus nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), Quito 170102, Ecuador; (M.A.Š.); (C.M.L.-Á.)
| | - Francisco Santacruz
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | | | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Molina-Cuasapaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Esteban Fernández-Moreira
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
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Elgamoudi BA, Korolik V. Campylobacter Biofilms: Potential of Natural Compounds to Disrupt Campylobacter jejuni Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12159. [PMID: 34830039 PMCID: PMC8617744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam A. Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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