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Heidari N, Naji SA, Abdullahzadeh M. Understanding Family Reactions to Transgender Children in Iranian Culture: A Qualitative Study. J Transcult Nurs 2024:10436596241271281. [PMID: 39152740 DOI: 10.1177/10436596241271281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The family plays a crucial role in shaping children's identity and understanding of gender-based roles. This study aims to explore the experiences of Iranian transgender individuals with their families' reactions to their transgender identity disclosure. METHODS In 2018, nurse researchers conducted this qualitative study on 11 transgender individuals in Iran using a phenomenological approach, targeted and snowball sampling, and Colaizzi's seven-step method for data analysis. Rigor was ensured by adhering to Lincoln and Guba's standards. RESULTS The study found varied reactions to transgender children among Iranian families, including abuse to avoid stigma. The study revealed two main themes, maladaptive and adaptive reactions, and identified six categories: denial of reality, mourning, coercion, deprivation, support out of necessity, and compromise of family reactions. DISCUSSION Education and support systems may help address the cultural challenges that face families with transgender children. The findings offer insights for enhancing public awareness of the transgender community in conservative cultures.
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Esposito EC, Ellerkamp H, Eisenberg AM, Handley ED, Glenn CR. Suicide Ideation Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents: The Role of Parental Invalidation of Adolescents' Gender Identity. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01203-y. [PMID: 38767739 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth experience chronic and acute stress associated with their gender identity contributing to their increased risk of suicide and suicide ideation (SI) compared to non-TGD peers. This study examined how invalidating and accepting gender-related experiences with a parent impact SI severity among TGD adolescents cross-sectionally and longitudinally, within-person. Participants were 15 TGD adolescents with past month SI recruited across community and clinical settings. Adolescents completed a baseline assessment of validated interviews and self-report measures on parental invalidation and SI severity. Over a 14-day follow-up period, adolescents reported instances of parental gender invalidation and acceptance, relative stress of those experiences, and SI severity multiple times/day via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Bivariate associations of parental invalidation and acceptance with SI were examined at baseline, while multilevel models examined the relationship within-person over follow-up. Cross-sectionally, greater perceived invalidation and non-affirmation by their parents was associated with more severe SI. Over the follow up, instances of perceived parental invalidation were associated with passive SI within-person. Findings partially support the minority stress theory and social safety perspective by showing that perceived gender-invalidation from parents affects SI in TGD adolescents, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Further research is needed to identify specific emotional and cognitive factors, such as perceived stress, that contribute to the risk of SI among TGD youth and inform the development of targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Esposito
- Department of Psychology, Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 355 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Hannah Ellerkamp
- Northwell Health Physician Partners LGBTQ Transgender Program, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Hempstead, USA
| | - Alana M Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 355 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Handley
- Department of Psychology, Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 355 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Ferbežar N, Kopinič A, Gavriloski Tretjak M. Elements of Minority Stress and Resilience in LGBTQ+ Students' Experience of Education. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38470515 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2326473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the experiences of minority stress and resilience among LGBTQ+ students in educational settings and identifies critical contributors to their well-being. To highlight the unique educational experiences of LGBTQ+ participants a qualitative research strategy was employed. We conducted narrative interviews with 27 LGBTQ+ people aged 17 to 41 who are or have been enrolled in primary, secondary or tertiary education in Slovenia. The results indicate that minority stress is a significant in their educational experiences, with various deleterious effects. The testimonies of our respondents indicate, albeit to a lesser extent, that the education system can enhance the resilience of LGBTQ+ youth and mitigate the negative impacts of minority stress. This study confirms prior research on minority stress effects on LGBTQ+ individuals. It asserts that LGBTQ+ youth experience minority stress within the education system, while emphasizing that certain aspects of resilience can significantly mitigate these negative effects. As social support emerged as a significant factor in our study, it would be reasonable to investigate how school personnel can enhance LGBT youths' resilience in the future. Additionally, it would be beneficial to investigate how the support of peers and (chosen) families influences the school experiences of LGBTQ+ students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Ferbežar
- Department of Social Pedagogy, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alja Kopinič
- Adult Mental Health Department, Health Center, Sevnica, Slovenia
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Taube LN, Mussap AJ. Coming Out to Family and Friends in the Trans and Gender Diverse Context. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:147-165. [PMID: 35917138 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the risks of rejection and discrimination, "coming out" can be an important psychological milestone for transgender (trans) and gender diverse people (TGD). We evaluated the dimensions of identity that predict coming out to family and friends, and the role of social support in explaining the psychosocial benefits associated with coming out. An online survey was completed by 951 TGD adults, 516 (54.3%) who identify as gender binary (164 transwomen and 352 transmen) and 435 (45.7%) who identify as nonbinary. Overall, gender binary TGD people were more likely than nonbinary people to disclose their identity to family and friends. Hierarchical binary logistic regressions further revealed that appearance congruence and strength of TGD identity are associated with disclosure to family, whereas positive TGD identity is associated with disclosure to friends. Path analyses confirmed that coming out is associated with improved resilience, psychological adjustment, and wellbeing, and that social support is a partial mediator of these associations. The results highlight the importance of coming out in the TGD context and suggest that greater access to social support may account for some of these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee N Taube
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Kim E, Park H, Cho Y, Jeon K, An H. Invisibility and Stigma: Experiences of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals in South Korea. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:77-90. [PMID: 37950133 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this qualitative study, we explored the challenges that transgender and gender non-confirming (TGNC) individuals face in South Korea. For this, we conducted in-depth interviews with 14 South Korean TGNC younger adults attending colleges or graduate schools and analyzed their data through consensus qualitative research. Analyses revealed that issues related to interpersonal relationships and medical transiting were major challenges perceived by participants. Four categories emerged in the domain of challenges in interpersonal relationships, including issues associated with family, romantic partner, coming out and outing, and transphobia and cisnormativity. In addition, two categories (i.e., medical difficulties and physical appearance-related distress) were included in the domain of challenges related to medical transition. Unique sources of stress for South Korean TGNC younger adults included high risk of being outed due to Korean resident registration numbers, dissatisfaction with bodily changes when transitioning, and misgendering caused by Korean's different honorific titles depending on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - YeJi Cho
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - KyungAh Jeon
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyunju An
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcupro, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
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6
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Cork A, Everson R, Naserian E, Levine M, Koschate-Reis M. Collective self-understanding: A linguistic style analysis of naturally occurring text data. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4455-4477. [PMID: 36443583 PMCID: PMC9707163 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding what groups stand for is integral to a diverse array of social processes, ranging from understanding political conflicts to organisational behaviour to promoting public health behaviours. Traditionally, researchers rely on self-report methods such as interviews and surveys to assess groups' collective self-understandings. Here, we demonstrate the value of using naturally occurring online textual data to map the similarities and differences between real-world groups' collective self-understandings. We use machine learning algorithms to assess similarities between 15 diverse online groups' linguistic style, and then use multidimensional scaling to map the groups in two-dimensonal space (N=1,779,098 Reddit comments). We then use agglomerative and k-means clustering techniques to assess how the 15 groups cluster, finding there are four behaviourally distinct group types - vocational, collective action (comprising political and ethnic/religious identities), relational and stigmatised groups, with stigmatised groups having a less distinctive behavioural profile than the other group types. Study 2 is a secondary data analysis where we find strong relationships between the coordinates of each group in multidimensional space and the groups' values. In Study 3, we demonstrate how this approach can be used to track the development of groups' collective self-understandings over time. Using transgender Reddit data (N= 1,095,620 comments) as a proof-of-concept, we track the gradual politicisation of the transgender group over the past decade. The automaticity of this methodology renders it advantageous for monitoring multiple online groups simultaneously. This approach has implications for both governmental agencies and social researchers more generally. Future research avenues and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cork
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Richard Everson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Elahe Naserian
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Miriam Koschate-Reis
- Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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7
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Göksel P, Şahin AR, Böke Ö, Özyıldız H, Sarısoy G, Karabekiroğlu A, Özdin S, Turan E. "Just Because I Don't Conform to Societal Norms": A Qualitative Study of Transgender People's Experiences of Domestic Violence and Coping Methods. Cureus 2023; 15:e50730. [PMID: 38111810 PMCID: PMC10727116 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transgender people experience violence in various forms, primarily domestic violence. The aim of this study was to examine transgender people's experiences of domestic violence and their coping methods. Materials and methods This study was conducted using the phenomenological method, one of the five basic qualitative research methods, with 20 transgender participants who applied to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey, to start the gender-affirming treatment process. The participants comprised 19 transgender men and 1 transgender woman. A semi-structured interview form was used for data collection. The average interview duration was 75.7 minutes. Audio recordings were used in the interviews, which were then transcribed. The obtained data set was subjected to content analysis. Results As a result of the content analysis, three themes emerged: being a transgender individual and the family, experiences of domestic violence, and methods of coping. According to the study results, the participants had experienced domestic violence of different dimensions, primarily psychological violence. Defined gender roles and societal expectations were determined to trigger violent behaviors. The most frequently used coping methods were giving a direct reaction, seeking instrumental-social support, and ignoring the incidents. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that transgender people experience domestic violence at a high rate and that transphobic behaviors are triggered by societal norms. Our results are particularly noteworthy for clinicians regarding the importance of family support and accurate information for transgender people and the coping methods they use most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Göksel
- Psychiatry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
| | | | - Ömer Böke
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
| | | | | | | | - Selcuk Özdin
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
- Adult Psychiatry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
| | - Ece Turan
- Psychiatry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
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8
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Haldane C, Lou NM, Harley JM. Social-Historical Accounts of Hope and Resilience: Experiences of Prominent Sexual Orientation Minority Elders. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:387-426. [PMID: 34714717 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1990689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the challenges faced by sexual orientation minority (SOM) individuals, many SOM individuals are able to persist and develop resiliency over the course of their lives. The present study explored how prominent SOM elders perceived the LGBTQ+ community as developing hope and resiliency in relation to major events of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) rights development. Using a basic qualitative approach, we analyzed interview data and three categories emerged. More specifically, these categories were: (1) internalization of societal views; (2) fostering safety and acceptance by creating a sense of community; and (3) sources of inspiration for initiating change. The resulting categories show the complex interaction of social influences and resiliency during times of societal reformation. We discuss the implications of how group-based emotions and identity processes during times of societal reformation foster a life-long resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayse Haldane
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel Mantou Lou
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Youth & Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jason M Harley
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Baros JN. Linguistically Invisible: The Experiences of Transgender Students in Spanish Language Courses. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:2326-2347. [PMID: 34185616 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1938465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More research is needed to understand the experiences of transgender students, including nonbinary students, in K-12 educational settings. Transgender students may experience unique stressors in World Language courses which impact their learning outcomes. In this study, three transgender adults in their twenties were interviewed about their experiences studying Spanish. Findings revealed that while binary transgender students may not feel language- and culture-specific stressors, nonbinary student identities may be rendered linguistically and culturally impossible. However, the impact on learning outcomes is ambiguous and may be mitigated by other factors and coping mechanisms. Implications for educators include increased awareness of transgender student experiences, including those specific to nonbinary students, and explicit efforts to queer the curriculum and provide opportunities for critical analysis and discussion. Additional research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to understand transgender student experiences, perceptions, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillane N Baros
- Department of Education, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, Idaho, USA
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10
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Chakrapani V, Scheim AI, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Rawat S, Baruah D, Bhatter A, Nelson R, Jaya A, Kaur M. Affirming and negotiating gender in family and social spaces: Stigma, mental health and resilience among transmasculine people in India. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2022; 24:951-967. [PMID: 33847243 PMCID: PMC7612960 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1901991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on transmasculine people's health is scant globally, including in India. We explored transmasculine people's experiences in affirming their gender in family and social spaces, and how those experiences impact mental health. In 2019, we conducted four focus groups (n = 17 participants) and 10 in-depth interviews with transmasculine people in Mumbai and Chennai. Data analyses were guided by minority stress theory and the gender affirmation model. Within family, the pressure to conform to assigned gender roles and gender policing usually began in adolescence and increased over time. Some participants left parental homes due to violence. In educational settings, participants described the enforcement of gender-normative dress codes, lack of faculty support, and bullying victimisation, which led some to quit schooling. In the workplace, experiences varied depending on whether participants were visibly trans or had an incongruence between their identity documents and gender identity. Everyday discrimination experiences in diverse settings contributed to psychological distress. Amidst these challenges, participants reported resilience strategies, including self-acceptance, connecting with peers, strategic (non)disclosure, and circumventing gendered restrictions on dress and behaviour. Interventions at social-structural, institutional, family and individual levels are needed to reduce stigma and discrimination faced by transmasculine people in India and to promote their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Chakrapani
- Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India
- The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India
| | - Ayden I. Scheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A. Newman
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Murali Shunmugam
- Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Ruban Nelson
- Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India
- The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India
| | - A Jaya
- Sahodaran, Chennai, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Bridge L, Smith P, Rimes KA. Self-esteem in sexual minority young adults: a qualitative interview study exploring protective factors and helpful coping responses. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:257-265. [PMID: 36151827 PMCID: PMC9519121 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on mental health inequalities between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults has historically focussed on the additional stress processes that might explain this disparity. However, more recently there has been a shift towards research focussed on resilience factors that might promote mental health in sexual minority young adults. Self-esteem is one such proposed resilience factor. This study aimed to explore the factors that promote or protect self-esteem itself in sexual minority young adults. A semi-structured interview study was conducted with 20 sexual minority young adults (aged 16-24) to explore their perspectives on the factors, responses and strategies that have helped to protect or promote their self-esteem. Six themes were identified from thematic analysis: helpful responses to minority stress; sexuality acceptance; positive LGBTQ + social connections and representations; positive social relationships and evaluation; successes and positive qualities and general coping strategies for low self-esteem. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bridge
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,CONTACT Livia Bridge Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Patrick Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A. Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Bazán A, Mansilla M. La adaptación afirmativa de los tratamientos psicológicos para minorías sexuales: una revisión sistemática. CLÍNICA CONTEMPORÁNEA 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/cc2022a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Kiperman S, Saint J. There's no place like home: Exploring sexual and gender diverse youth's outcomes related to urban/nonurban settings, opted consent procedure, and social support. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kiperman
- Theoretical and Behavioral Foundations Department Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Jo Saint
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
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14
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Zarwell M, Walsh JL, Quinn KG, Kaniuka A, Patton A, Robinson WT, Cramer RJ. A psychometric assessment of a network social capital scale among sexual minority men and gender minority individuals. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1918. [PMID: 34686175 PMCID: PMC8539846 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital, the potential for individuals to access resources through group memberships, is linked to a constellation of health outcomes. We modified a previously evaluated Constructed Family Social Capital Scale for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men who belong to constructed families to create a new measure of social capital within sexual minority men and gender minority individuals' social networks. METHODS Participants were recruited from a Pride festival in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 2018 to complete a cross-sectional survey. This analysis is restricted to 383 participants who identified as sexual minority men or gender minority individuals and completed nine items measuring social capital within their social networks. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to assess factor structure. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS Reliability was high, indicating the scale's utility to assess Network Social Capital among sexual minority men and gender minority individuals. A single-factor solution with high factor loadings was found for the nine-item scale. CONCLUSIONS This study extended the psychometric properties of a preliminary social capital instrument modified from a prior study in a different population and context. The modified measure has implications for use among sexual minority men and gender minority individuals to measure social capital within social networks. Previous studies suggest that interventions to enhance social capital among sexual minority men and gender minority individuals may be beneficial for HIV prevention interventions. This tool may be relevant for the evaluation of social capital interventions within networks of sexual minority men and gender minority individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Zarwell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katherine G Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andréa Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Patton
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - William T Robinson
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Cusack CE, Cooper M, Libbey N, Galupo MP. Rumination & eating psychopathology among trans and nonbinary individuals: A path analysis integrating minority stress. Eat Behav 2021; 42:101544. [PMID: 34358854 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ruminative thought patterns, defined as repetitive negative self-focused attention, are considered an avoidant coping strategy for managing stress. As trans and nonbinary (TNB) individuals commonly experience prejudice and discrimination in response to their gender identities (i.e. minority stressors), rumination over these stressors may contribute to heightened risk of psychopathology in these groups. Although rumination is a general risk factor for eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, no studies to date have examined whether eating- or gender-related ruminative patterns relate to maintenance of ED psychopathology for TNB individuals. This cross-sectional study investigated whether levels of rumination (both gender-related and ED-specific) mediated the relationship between minority stress and ED psychopathology. METHOD Participants were 242 TNB adults (Mage = 24.92, SD = 6.5, Range = 18-70) recruited online, who completed measures of minority stress, gender-related rumination, ED-specific rumination, and ED psychopathology. We used Preacher-Hayes' approach to examine the parallel mediation model, with gender-related and ED-specific rumination as potential mediators. RESULTS Gender-related rumination did not mediate the relation between gender minority stress and ED psychopathology, Indirect B = -0.00 [95% BCa CI: -0.01, 0.00]; however, ED-specific rumination was significant, indicating partial mediation, Indirect B = 0.01 [95% BCa CI: 0.00, 0.02]. CONCLUSION As gender minority stress and ED-specific rumination relate to ED psychopathology, it is essential that clinicians adopt an intersectional minority stress framework in understanding ED psychopathology among TNB individuals.
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Fernandez MI, Harper GW, Hightow-Weidman LB, Kapogiannis BG, Mayer KH, Parsons JT, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Seña AC, Sullivan PS. Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e22279. [PMID: 33393918 PMCID: PMC7813632 DOI: 10.2196/22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth represent 21% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. Gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) youth, particularly those from communities of color, and youth who are homeless, incarcerated, in institutional settings, or engaging in transactional sex are most greatly impacted. Compared with adults, youth have lower levels of HIV serostatus awareness, uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherence. Widespread availability of ART has revolutionized prevention and treatment for both youth at high risk for HIV acquisition and youth living with HIV, increasing the need to integrate behavioral interventions with biomedical strategies. The investigators of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) completed a research prioritization process in 2019, focusing on research gaps to be addressed to effectively control HIV spread among American youth. The investigators prioritized research in the following areas: (1) innovative interventions for youth to increase screening, uptake, engagement, and retention in HIV prevention (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis) and treatment services; (2) structural changes in health systems to facilitate routine delivery of HIV services; (3) biomedical strategies to increase ART impact, prevent HIV transmission, and cure HIV; (4) mobile technologies to reduce implementation costs and increase acceptability of HIV interventions; and (5) data-informed policies to reduce HIV-related disparities and increase support and services for GBT youth and youth living with HIV. ATN’s research priorities provide a roadmap for addressing the HIV epidemic among youth. To reach this goal, researchers, policy makers, and health care providers must work together to develop, test, and disseminate novel biobehavioral interventions for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Fernandez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Gary W Harper
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lisa B Hightow-Weidman
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bill G Kapogiannis
- Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Arlene C Seña
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Sang JM, Louth-Marquez W, Henderson ER, Egan JE, Chugani CD, Hunter SC, Espelage D, Friedman MS, Coulter RWS. "It's Not Okay for You to Call Me That": How Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Cope with Bullying Victimization. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020:1-20. [PMID: 33164708 PMCID: PMC8106687 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1826831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) have higher rates of bullying than their heterosexual peers and must disproportionately cope with bullying victimization. The purpose of this research is to highlight various coping strategies employed by SGMY. We conducted 20 cross-sectional, semi-structured online interviews with SGMY about their bullying experiences and coping strategies. We coded interviews with descriptive qualitative research to illustrate a comprehensive summary of bullying-related coping methods. We found SGMY engage in multiple coping strategies that include (1) emotion-focused coping-rumination; self-harm and considering or attempting suicide; seeking social and emotional support; engaging in creative endeavors; self-acceptance and community connectedness-and (2) problem-focused coping-reporting the bully; confronting the bully; conceal orientation; ignoring the bullying; and changing environment. Additionally, most SGMY reported using multiple coping techniques or changing how they coped over time (i.e., coping flexibility). These findings can inform future interventions to promote positive coping mechanisms among SGMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Sang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Louth-Marquez
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmett R Henderson
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James E Egan
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla D Chugani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Hunter
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Dorothy Espelage
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark S Friedman
- Mark S. Friedman Psychotherapy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Taube LN, Mussap AJ. Evaluating the transgender positive identity measure (T-PIM) across intersecting identities. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1789019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee N. Taube
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Taube LN, Mussap AJ. Character strengths in transgender and gender diverse people. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2019.1668465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee N. Taube
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Taube LN, Mussap AJ. Growth from adversity in trans and gender diverse people of color. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2020; 23:194-213. [PMID: 35403108 PMCID: PMC8986204 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2020.1777615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trans-negativity and gender-based discrimination negatively impact on the wellbeing and mental health in transgender (trans) and gender diverse people (TGD). There is limited research on TGD people thriving under adversity, and no research to date has considered TGD people of color in this context. METHOD We used the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-X) to survey 125 TGD people of color and 625 white TGD adults (18 to 68 years old, M = 26.0, SD = 9.2) about their experiences of growth from adversity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using sub-sampling to compensate for our unequal sample sizes, supported a five-factor structure of the PTGI-X consisting of growth in relating to others, finding new possibilities, personal strength, greater appreciation of life, and spiritual/existential change. Measurement invariance tests confirmed configural, metric, and scalar invariance of this structure across the two TGD subgroups. RESULTS A MANOVA revealed that growth from adversity in TGD participants was generally greater than that reported by people who have recently been exposed to a traumatic event. T-tests revealed that TGD people of color experienced more growth in terms of relating to others and more personal strength than white TGD participants. Subsequent hierarchical regressions revealed that race moderated associations between PTGI-X scores and personal well-being, with TGD people of color reporting more benefits (more well-being) at high levels of growth but also more deficits (less well-being) at low levels of growth than the white TGD subgroup. CONCLUSION The results support the use of the PTGI-X with TGD populations and across racial TGD subgroups and indicate that growth from adversity is not only prevalent in TGD people but also relevant to positive outcomes, particularly in TGD people of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee N. Taube
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Verbeek MJA, Hommes MA, Stutterheim SE, van Lankveld JJDM, Bos AER. Experiences with stigmatization among transgender individuals after transition: A qualitative study in the Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2020; 21:220-233. [PMID: 33015671 PMCID: PMC7430421 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2020.1750529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Transgender individuals belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in society. Although the social stigma of transgender individuals has been examined many times, post transition stigma experiences among transgender individuals have received limited research attention. The aim of this study was to examine experiences with stigmatization among Dutch transgender individuals after their transition. Method: Ten trans women (age: M = 58.50, SD = 9.49) and 10 trans men (age: M = 42.90, SD = 13.62) participated in face-to-face semistructured interviews. Grounded theory was used to conceptualize and analyze the data. We examined the positive and negative reactions that transgender individuals experienced in the period after their transition. Furthermore, we explored differences between experiences of trans men and trans women. Finally, we examined differences between cisgender men and women regarding their reactions toward transgender individuals. Results: Participants reported improved psychological well-being since transition. However, they still experienced different forms of stigmatization. Trans women appeared to experience stronger social stigma than trans men. Trans women also experienced lower social status after their transition. They mainly experienced negative responses from cisgender men. Participants emphasized the importance of social and peer support. Conclusion: The current study findings demonstrate the presence of stigmatization after transition and argue for psychological aftercare. Social and peer support appeared to be important for coping with stigmatization, and improving the social network of transgender individuals is beneficial. Health providers and researchers are recommended to promote the development of constructive coping skills for transgender individuals with interventions especially targeting trans women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Hommes
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Stutterheim
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan E. R. Bos
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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22
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Magnus M, Edwards E, Dright A, Gilliam L, Brown A, Levy M, Sikka N, Siegel M, Criss V, Watson CC, Machtinger E, Kuo I. Development of a telehealth intervention to promote care-seeking among transgender women of color in Washington, DC. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:262-271. [PMID: 32017202 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender women of color (TWC) are an underserved population who often experience high rates of HIV and barriers to care including stigma, violence, and trauma. Few health information technology interventions are tailored to serve TWC. The purpose of this study was to inform the development of a TWC-specific telehealth intervention to increase access to care. METHODS Formative qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted to develop a customized telehealth intervention for TWC. Participants were TWC ≥ 18 years living in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, with at least one structural barrier to care and clinicians ≥18 years who provide care to TWC. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic coding and content analysis; barriers for TWC were categorized into Individual, Organizational, and Environmental levels. Several day-long meetings with TWC and stakeholders were convened to develop the intervention. RESULTS Saturation of theme on barriers to care was reached with 22 interviews. Identified barriers to service receipt included survival, instability, temporal discounting, and prioritizing hormone therapy over care, incongruence between providers and patients, pessimism, and lack of cultural competency. Each was intentionally addressed with the telehealth intervention. CONCLUSIONS Data informed the development of an innovative and customized telehealth intervention for TWC. Through the integration of technology and peer consultant outreach, we developed a novel approach that can address population-specific challenges to care. Further development of this model may be able to improve health outcomes among TWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Magnus
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aurnell Dright
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leandrea Gilliam
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Angela Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Levy
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neal Sikka
- Section of Innovative Practice, Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marc Siegel
- Medical Faculty Associates, Inc, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittoria Criss
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Chauncey Watson
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edwards Machtinger
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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23
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Analysis of Chest Masculinization Surgery Results in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients: Demonstrating High Satisfaction beyond Aesthetic Outcomes Using Advanced Linguistic Analyzer Technology and Social Media. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2356. [PMID: 32095382 PMCID: PMC7015616 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Satisfaction rates are reported as high after subcutaneous mastectomy for chest masculinization. We examined patient satisfaction based on linguistic analysis of social media posts showing postoperative results and compared them to aesthetic quality ratings from plastic surgeons. Methods: Fifty publicly available images of subcutaneous mastectomy postoperative results of female-to-male gender transition patients were selected from Instagram. The photograph’s corresponding post and comments were then analyzed for sentiment through the IBM Watson tone analyzer, which rated the presence of joy on a continuous scale from 0 to 1. Three plastic surgeons rated aesthetic quality on an ordinal scale of 1 to 10. Results of both analyses were then compared. Results: Joy was rated as a mean value of 0.74 (±0.13) in posts and 0.81 (±0.13) in comments. The mean ratings of results were found to be chest contour 6.1 of 10 (±1.7), scar position 5.3 of 10 (±1.8), scar quality 4.8 of 10 (±1.9), nipple position 5.2 of 10 (±1.9), and nipple quality 5.1 of 10 (±2.0). A positive relationship was found between post joy and nipple quality (r = 0.33, P = 0.0169). There were no other associations detected between level of joy and the ratings of results by plastic surgeons (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Despite wide variety in surgical appearance, there is a high level of satisfaction and community support. This is in contrast to the low-quality ratings by plastic surgeons. The results demonstrate the strong psychological and functional underpinnings chest masculinization has for patients. However, surgical results can be improved through a variety of techniques such that patients have both excellent surgical results and high satisfaction.
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24
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Puckett JA, Maroney MR, Wadsworth LP, Mustanski B, Newcomb ME. Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:176-194. [PMID: 31517999 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined types of discrimination encountered by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and the associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of coping responses. METHOD This online study included 695 TGD individuals ages 16 years and over (M = 25.52; standard deviation = 9.68). RESULTS Most participants (76.1%) reported discrimination over the past year. Greater exposure to discrimination was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. These associations were mediated by coping via detachment and via internalization, although a direct effect remained. CONCLUSIONS Many TGD people will encounter discrimination and this is associated with greater psychological distress. Engagement in the internalization of blame or detachment partially explains the association between discrimination and mental health issues. These findings elucidate possible avenues for interventions to bolster adaptive coping responses for TGD people and highlight that actions to decrease discrimination are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae A Puckett
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Meredith R Maroney
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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25
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Chodzen G, Hidalgo MA, Chen D, Garofalo R. Minority Stress Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:467-471. [PMID: 30241721 PMCID: PMC6528476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents and young adults experience mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, at an elevated rate as compared to their cisgender counterparts. A growing literature suggests that vulnerability to psychiatric problems in TGNC individuals results from social discrimination and minority stress. METHODS The sample consisted of adolescent TGNC patients (N = 109) who completed behavior health screening questionnaires as standard of care at their first clinical visit to an interdisciplinary gender program within a pediatric academic medical center in a metropolitan Midwestern city. Binary logistic regressions were used to assess whether the likelihood that participants met clinical diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) was predicted by gender identity appearance congruence, proximal forms of minority stress (e.g., negative expectations of the future related to gender identity; internalized transphobia) and community connectedness (i.e., resilience) . RESULTS Overall, 33% (n = 36) of the sample met diagnostic criteria for MDD and 48% (n = 53) met diagnostic criteria for GAD. Those with high levels of internalized transphobia were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for both MDD and GAD. Those with low levels of gender identity appearance congruence were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for MDD but not GAD. CONCLUSION There are several unique factors that may predict mental illness among TGNC youth. Understanding these factors may offer opportunities for targeted clinical and structural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Chodzen
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Marco A Hidalgo
- Center for Transyouth Health and Development, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diane Chen
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Jackson S, Jackson LTB. Self-esteem: Its mediating effects on the relationship between discrimination at work and employee organisation commitment and turn-over intention. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1568065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanice Jackson
- School of Industrial Psychology and Human Resource Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa
| | - Leon TB Jackson
- WorkWell: Research Unit for People, Policy and Performance North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West South Africa
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Sweileh WM. Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature in transgender health (1900 - 2017). BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2018; 18:16. [PMID: 29562909 PMCID: PMC5863490 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-018-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender community is marginalized and under-researched. Analysis of peer-reviewed literature in transgender health is needed to better understand health needs and human rights of transgender people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze global research activity in transgender health published in peer-reviewed journals. METHODS Peer-reviewed documents in transgender health were retrieved using Scopus database. VOSviewer was used to map frequently encountered author keywords while ArcGIS 10.1 was used to map the geographical distribution of the retrieved documents. Most active countries, institutions, and authors were presented. The study period was set from 1900 to 2017. RESULTS In total, 5772 peer-reviewed documents were obtained. English (5008; 86.8%) was the most frequently encountered language. A dramatic increase in the number of publications was seen in the last decade. The retrieved documents had an average of 12.1 citations per document and h-index of 92. Most frequently encountered author keywords were Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), mental health, and discrimination. Authors from 80 different countries contributed to publishing the retrieved documents. Publications originated mainly from Northern America, certain European countries, Australia, and Brazil. Professor Gooren, L.J.G. was the most active author in this field with 104 (1.88%) publications. Top active authors were in the fields of endocrinology, plastic surgery, psychiatry/psychology, public health, and sexology. Five of the top ten active authors were from the USA, three were from the Netherlands, and two were from Belgium. The most active institution was the VU University Medical Center (Netherlands) (184; 3.2%) followed by the University of California, San Francisco (USA) (157; 2.7%). The International Journal of Transgenderism was most active (284; 4.9%) in publishing articles in transgender health. However, documents published in the American Journal of Public Health had the highest impact with 53.5 citations per article. CONCLUSION There was a noticeable growth of research in transgender health in the last decade. Researchers from different world regions need to get involved in health and human rights research of transgender community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology/Toxicology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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