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Basir HS, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Hosseini A. Cacao consumption improves passive avoidance memory impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379264. [PMID: 38756381 PMCID: PMC11096498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive loss of cognitive function and synaptic plasticity, which is the most common form of dementia. The present study was designed to scrutinize the effects of cacao on passive avoidance memory function and to identify the roles of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress in an AD rat model induced by unilateral intracerebroventricular (UICV) injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Methods: Oral administration of cacao (500 mg/kg/ day) was given for 2 consecutive months. A memory retention test was conducted 24 h after passive avoidance training was completed. Subsequently, the amplitude of population spike (PS) and slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were assessed at hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. Moreover, total thiol group (TTG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were evaluated in the plasma. Furthermore, compact Aβ plaques were detected in the hippocampal DG by performing Congo red staining. Results: As a result of AD induction, passive avoidance memory was impaired; also, reduced fEPSP slopes, PS amplitudes, and content of TTG, and increase in MDA levels in the rats were observed. In contrast, cacao treatment ameliorated passive avoidance memory impairment, improved hippocampal LTP impairment, modulated oxidative-antioxidative status, and delayed Aβ plaques production in AD rats. Disscussion: Conclusively, cacao alleviates Aβ-induced cognitive deficit, probably by the amelioration of hippocampal LTP impairment, modulation of oxidative-antioxidative status, and inhibition of Aβ plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Shokati Basir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Ibrahim WW, Sayed RH, Abdelhameed MF, Omara EA, Nassar MI, Abdelkader NF, Farag MA, Elshamy AI, Afifi SM. Neuroprotective potential of Erigeron bonariensis ethanolic extract against ovariectomized/D-galactose-induced memory impairments in female rats in relation to its metabolite fingerprint as revealed using UPLC/MS. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1091-1112. [PMID: 38294617 PMCID: PMC11006746 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Erigeron bonariensis is widely distributed throughout the world's tropics and subtropics. In folk medicine, E. bonariensis has historically been used to treat head and brain diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia initiated via disturbances in brain function. Herein, the neuroprotective effect of the chemically characterized E. bonariensis ethanolic extract is reported for the first time in an AD animal model. Chemical profiling was conducted using UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Female rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) followed by 42 days of D-galactose (D-Gal) administration (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) to induce AD. The OVX/D-Gal-subjected rats received either donepezil (5 mg/kg/day) or E. bonariensis at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, given 1 h prior to D-Gal. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis identified 42 chemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and nitrogenous constituents. Several metabolites, such as isoschaftoside, casticin, velutin, pantothenic acid, xanthurenic acid, C18-sphingosine, linoleamide, and erucamide, were reported herein for the first time in Erigeron genus. Treatment with E. bonariensis extract mitigated the cognitive decline in the Morris Water Maze test and the histopathological alterations in cortical and hippocampal tissues of OVX/D-Gal-subjected rats. Moreover, E. bonariensis extract mitigated OVX/D-Gal-induced Aβ aggregation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, AChE activity, neuroinflammation (NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β), and apoptosis (Cytc, BAX). Additionally, E. bonariensis extract ameliorated AD by increasing α7-nAChRs expression, down-regulating GSK-3β and FOXO3a expression, and modulating Jak2/STAT3/NF-ĸB p65 and PI3K/AKT signaling cascades. These findings demonstrate the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of E. bonariensis extract in the OVX/D-Gal rat model, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I Nassar
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Cai J, Xiong W, Wang X, Tan H. Genetic architecture of hippocampus subfields volumes in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14110. [PMID: 36756718 PMCID: PMC10915996 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure, comprising histologically and functionally distinguishable hippocampal subfields. The volume reductions in hippocampal subfields have been demonstrated to be linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of our study is to investigate the hippocampal subfields' genetic architecture based on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set. METHODS After preprocessing the downloaded genetic variants and imaging data from the ADNI database, a co-sparse reduced rank regression model was applied to analyze the genetic architecture of hippocampal subfields volumes. Homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and Co-IP experiments for protein-protein interactions were used to verify the function of target protein on hippocampal subfields successively. After that, the association analysis between the candidated genes on the hippocampal subfields volume and clinical scales were performed. RESULTS The results of the association analysis revealed five unique genetic variants (e.g., ubiquitin-specific protease 10 [USP10]) changed in nine hippocampal subfields (e.g., the granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus [GC-ML-DG]). Among five genetic variants, USP10 had the strongest interaction effect with BACE1, which affected hippocampal subfields verified by MD and Co-IP experiments. The results of association analysis between the candidated genes on the hippocampal subfields volume and clinical scales showed that candidated genes influenced the volume and function of hippocampal subfields. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that hippocampal subfields have partly distinct genetic architecture and may improve the sensitivity of the detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cai
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | | | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of ManagementUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haizhu Tan
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rajkumar M, Navaneethakrishnan S, Muthukumar S, Thangaraj R, Sivanandam M, Vimala K, Kannan S. Gelatin/polyethylene glycol-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite to attenuate acetylcholinesterase, neurotoxicity, and activation of GPR55 protein in rat models of Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102337. [PMID: 37708946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, and neuronal cell loss. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has been used as a promising target for insulin receptors in diabetes therapy, but GPR55's role in AD is still unidentified. Gelatin (GE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric hydrogels are commonly used in the drug delivery system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the preparation of magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite using Clitoria ternatea (CT) flower extract, GE, and PEG (GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs) by the green precipitation method. The synthesized GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs were used to determine the effect of GPR55 activation of intracerebroventricular administration on streptozotocin (ICV-STC)-induced cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. The GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs were administered following bilateral ICV-STC administration (3 mg/kg) in experimental rats. Neurobehavioral assessments were performed using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a passive avoidance test (PA). Cholinergic and antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial complex activity were estimated in the cortex and hippocampus through biochemical analysis. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were determined using the ELISA method. Our study results demonstrated that the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs treatment significantly improved spatial and non-spatial memory functions in behavioral studies. Moreover, the treatment with GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs group significantly attenuated cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, and also highly improved anti-oxidant activity (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the cortex and hippocampus regions. The western blot results suggest the activation of the GPR55 protein expression through GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs. The histopathological studies showed clear cytoplasm and healthy neurons, effectively promoting neuronal activity. Furthermore, the molecular docking results demonstrated the binding affinity and potential interactions of the compounds with the AChE enzyme. In conclusion, the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs treated groups showed reduced neurotoxicity and have the potential as a therapeutic agent to effectively target AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Rajkumar
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundarraj Navaneethakrishnan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundarapandian Muthukumar
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Magudeeswaran Sivanandam
- Department of Physics, Center for Research and Development, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karuppaiya Vimala
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Belichenko VM, Bashirzade AA, Tenditnik MV, Dubrovina NI, Akopyan AA, Ovsyukova MV, Fedoseeva LA, Pupyshev AB, Aftanas LI, Amstislavskaya TG, Tikhonova MA. Comparative analysis of early neurodegeneration signs in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by two types of the central (Intracerebroventricular vs. Intrahippocampal) administration of Aβ 25-35 oligomers. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114651. [PMID: 37657512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrahippocampal (IH) administration of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are widely used in current research. It remains unclear whether these models provide similar outcomes or mimic pathological mechanisms of AD equally. The aim of the work was to compare two models induced by ICV or IH administration of Aβ25-35 oligomers to C57BL/6 mice. Parameters characterizing cognitive function (passive avoidance test), protein expression (IBA1, Aβ, LC3-II) and expression of genes for neuroinflammation (Aif1, Lcn2, Nrf2), autophagy (Atg8, Becn1, Park2), or markers of neurodegeneration (Cst3, Insr, Vegfa) were analyzed. Сognitive deficits, amyloid accumulation, and neuroinflammatory response in the brain evaluated by the microglial activation were similar in both models. Thus, both ways of Aβ administration appear to be equally suitable for modelling AD-like pathology in mice. Our findings strongly support the key role of Aβ load and neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex for the progression of AD-like pathology and development of cognitive deficits. There were certain minor differences between the models in the mRNA level of genes involved in the processes of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and autophagy. Modulating effects of the central administration of Aβ25-35 on the mRNA expression of Aif1, Lcn2, Park2, and Vegfa genes in different brain structures were revealed. The effects occurred to be more pronounced with the ICV method compared with the IH method. These findings give insight into the processes at initial stages of Aβ-induced pathology depending on a primary location of Aβ oligomers in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Belichenko
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alim A Bashirzade
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael V Tenditnik
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina I Dubrovina
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina V Ovsyukova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa A Fedoseeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics", Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander B Pupyshev
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubomir I Aftanas
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria A Tikhonova
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Rajkumar M, Kannan S, Thangaraj R. Voglibose attenuates cognitive impairment, Aβ aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2751-2771. [PMID: 37665449 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease hallmarked by Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, cognitive impairment, and neuronal and synaptic loss. In this study, AD was induced in male Wistar rats (n = 6) by the administration of intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ-3 mg/kg/day), and Voglibose (Vog) was administered at various doses (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg), while Galantamine (3 mg/kg) acted as a reference standard drug. Behavioral alterations in both spatial and non-spatial memory functions were evaluated in the experimental rats. At the end of the study, all experimental rats were sacrificed, and their brain parts, the cortex and hippocampus, were subjected to biochemical, western blot, and histopathological analysis. In our study results, the statistically significant dose-dependent results from the behavioral tests show the Voglibose-treated groups significantly improved (p < 0.0001) spatial and non-spatial memory functions when compared with ICV-STZ-treated group. Meanwhile, when compared with ICV-STZ-treated rats, treatment with Voglibose (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) showed the activities of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly attenuated (p < 0.0001), while the operation of antioxidant enzymes was considerably enhanced (p < 0.0001). The molecular estimation showed that it significantly attenuates (p < 0.0001) the TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP activity, and the western blot results demonstrate the significantly attenuated Aβ aggregation. The histopathological results showed that the Voglibose treatment had an effective improvement in clear cytoplasm and healthy neuronal cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that Voglibose has potent neuroprotective effects against the ICV-STZ-induced AD model. Furthermore, these results support the possibility of Voglibose as a therapeutic approach to improving cognitive function, suggesting that controlling Aβ aggregation might be a novel target for the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Rajkumar
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India.
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Vande Vyver M, Daeninck L, De Smet G, Aourz N, Sahu S, Engelborghs S, Pauwels K, De Bundel D, Smolders I. The intracerebral injection of Aβ 1-42 oligomers does not invariably alter seizure susceptibility in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1239140. [PMID: 37744393 PMCID: PMC10512828 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1239140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epileptiform activity and seizures are present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and genetic animal models of AD. Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomers are thought to be crucial in AD and can cause neuronal hyperexcitability in vitro. However, it is unclear whether these Aβ1-42 oligomers cause the increased seizure susceptibility in vivo in people with AD and in AD animal models, nor via which mechanisms it would do so. We investigated this question by injecting Aβ1-42 oligomers intracerebrally in mice and assessed its impact on seizure susceptibility. Materials and methods We performed a single intracerebral injection of synthetic Aβ1-42 oligomers or scrambled Aβ1-42 in NMRI mice in three different cohorts and subjected them to an i.v. infusion of a chemoconvulsant. We evoked the seizures 1.5 h, 1 week, or 3 weeks after the intracerebral injection of Aβ1-42 oligomers, covering also the timepoints and injection locations that were used by others in similar experimental set-ups. Results With a thioflavine T assay and transmission electron microscopy we confirmed that Aβ1-42 monomers spontaneously aggregated to oligomers. We did not find an effect of Aβ1-42 oligomers on susceptibility to seizures - evoked 1.5 h, 1 week or 3 weeks - after their intracerebral injection. Significance The lack of effect of Aβ1-42 oligomers on seizure susceptibility in our experiments contrasts with recent findings in similar experimental set-ups. Contradicting conclusions are frequent in experiments with Aβ1-42 and they are often attributed to subtle differences in the various aggregation forms of the Aβ1-42 used in different experiments. We confirmed the presence of Aβ1-42 oligomers with state-of-the-art methods but cannot ascertain that the protein aggregates we used are identical to those used by others. Whether our findings or those previously published best represent the role of Aβ1-42 oligomers on seizures in AD remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vande Vyver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- NEUR Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louise Daeninck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gino De Smet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Najat Aourz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Surajit Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- NEUR Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Pauwels
- RESEARCH Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Alves SS, Servilha-Menezes G, Rossi L, da Silva Junior RMP, Garcia-Cairasco N. Evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105326. [PMID: 37479008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the identification of insulin receptors in the central nervous system has fueled investigations of insulin functions in the brain. It is also already known that insulin can influence glucose reuptake by neurons, mostly during activities that have the highest energy demand. The identification of high density of insulin receptors in the hippocampus also suggests that insulin may present important roles related to memory. In this context, studies have reported worse performance in cognitive tests among diabetic patients. In addition, alterations in the regulation of central insulin pathways have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In fact, some authors have proposed AD as a third type of diabetes and recently, our group proposed insulin resistance as a common link between different AD hypotheses. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to revise and gather the evidence of disturbed insulin signaling in experimental animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva Junior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
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Tan TH, Li SW, Chang CW, Chen YC, Liu YH, Ma JT, Chang CP, Liao PC. Rat Hair Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Perturbations of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Phenylalanine, and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathways Are Associated with Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4373-4395. [PMID: 37095368 PMCID: PMC10293421 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Hair is a noninvasive valuable biospecimen for the long-term assessment of endogenous metabolic disturbance. Whether the hair is suitable for identifying biomarkers of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process remains unknown. We aim to investigate the metabolism changes in hair after β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) exposure in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted methods. Thirty-five days after Aβ1-42 induction, rats displayed significant cognitive deficits, and forty metabolites were changed, of which twenty belonged to three perturbed pathways: (1) phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis-L-phenylalanine, phenylpyruvate, ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and phenyllactic acid are up-regulated; (2) arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism-leukotriene B4 (LTB4), arachidonyl carnitine, and 5(S)-HPETE are upregulation, but ARA, 14,15-DiHETrE, 5(S)-HETE, and PGB2 are opposite; and (3) unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), FA 18:3 + 1O, and FA 18:3 + 2O are downregulated. Linoleic acid metabolism belonging to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid includes the upregulation of 8-hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic acid, 13-oxoODE, and FA 18:2 + 4O, and downregulation of 9(S)-HPODE and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. In addition, cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone belonging to steroid hormone biosynthesis are upregulated. These three perturbed metabolic pathways also correlate with cognitive impairment after Aβ1-42 stimulation. Furthermore, ARA, DHA, EPA, L-phenylalanine, and cortisone have been previously implicated in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients and show a similar changing trend in Aβ1-42 rats' hair. These data suggest hair can be a useful biospecimen that well reflects the expression of non-polar molecules under Aβ1-42 stimulation, and the five metabolites have the potential to serve as novel AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hoe Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.1, Nantai St., Yungkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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11
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Ulaganathan S, Pitchaimani A. Spontaneous and familial models of Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and advances in preclinical research. Life Sci 2023:121918. [PMID: 37422070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is progressive and irreversible in nature. Even after decades of dedicated research and paradigm-shifting hypotheses of AD etiology, very few well-founded credible improvements have been foreseen in understanding the actual underlying mechanisms involved in the development of the disorder. As for any disease to be well-comprehended, AD also requires optimal modelling strategies, which will then pave way for effective therapeutic interventions. Most of the clinical trials and research towards better treatment of AD fail in translation, due to the inefficacy of explored animal models to mimic the actual AD pathology, precisely. The majority of the existing AD models are developed based on the mutations found in the familial form of AD (fAD) which accounts for less than 5 % of the incidence of AD. Further, the investigations also face more challenges due to the additional complexities and lacunae found in etiology of sporadic form of AD (sAD), which accounts for 95 % of total AD. This review illustrates the gaps found in different models of AD, both sporadic and familial variants with additional focus on recent avenues for accurate simulation of AD pathology using in vitro and chimeric AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapriya Ulaganathan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India.
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12
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Khezri MR, Mohebalizadeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Therapeutic potential of ADAM10 modulation in Alzheimer's disease: a review of the current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36918870 PMCID: PMC10012555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by loss of neurons and synapses in central nervous system. Several causes for neuronal death in AD have been introduced, the most important of which are extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and aggregated tau proteins. Increasing evidence suggest that targeting the process of Aβ production to reduce its deposition can serve as a therapeutic option for AD management. In this regard, therapeutic interventions shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) 10, involved in non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein processing, is known to be a suitable candidate. Therefore, this review aims to examine the molecular properties of ADAM10, its role in AD, and introduce it as a therapeutic target to reduce the progression of the disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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13
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Intrahippocampal Inoculation of Aβ 1-42 Peptide in Rat as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease Identified MicroRNA-146a-5p as Blood Marker with Anti-Inflammatory Function in Astrocyte Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050694. [PMID: 36899831 PMCID: PMC10000752 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aβ1-42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic events of the early onset of non-familial AD disorder. Aβ1-42 peptides in the hippocampus led to cognitive impairments associated with an astrogliosis and downregulation of circulating miRNA-146a-5p, -29a-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-5p, and-191-5p. We established the kinetics of expression of selected miRNAs and found differences with those detected in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model. Of note, miRNA-146a-5p was exclusively dysregulated in the Aβ-induced AD model. The treatment of primary astrocytes with Aβ1-42 peptides led to miRNA-146a-5p upregulation though the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn downregulated IRAK-1 but not TRAF-6 expression. As a consequence, no induction of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α was detected. Astrocytes treated with a miRNA-146-5p inhibitor rescued IRAK-1 and changed TRAF-6 steady-state levels that correlated with the induction of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL1 production, indicating that miRNA-146a-5p operates anti-inflammatory functions through a NF-κB pathway negative feedback loop. Overall, we report a panel of circulating miRNAs that correlated with Aβ1-42 peptides' presence in the hippocampus and provide mechanistic insights into miRNA-146a-5p biological function in the development of the early stage of sporadic AD.
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14
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Khaleghi-Mehr M, Delshad AA, Shafie-Damavandi S, Roghani M. Metformin mitigates amyloid β 1-40-induced cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1127-1142. [PMID: 36723832 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic medicine widely used for management of type 2 diabetes with neuroprotective effects and promising potential to attenuate cognitive impairment. The efficacy of metformin in attenuation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology has not been well-documented. Thus, this study was designed to assess protective effect of metformin against Aβ1-40-instigared cognitive impairment. After intra-CA1 microinjection of aggregated Aβ1-40, rats received oral metformin (50 and/or 200 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Cognition function was analyzed in various behavioral tasks besides measurement of hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation along with H&E staining and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunohistochemistry. Obtained data showed significant improvement of discrimination score in novel object recognition test, higher alternation score in Y maze, greater latency in passive avoidance task, and lower working and reference memory errors in radial arm maze in metformin-treated Aβ-injured group. Moreover, metformin treatment attenuated hippocampal levels of nitrite, MDA, protein carbonyl, ROS, TNFα, GFAP, DNA fragmentation intensity, caspase 3 activity, AChE activity, and increased SOD activity and level of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory factor. In addition, metformin treatment was associated with lower CA1 neuronal loss and it also decreased intensity of 3-NT immunoreactivity as an indicator of nitrosative stress. Taken together, obtained findings showed neuroprotective and anti-dementia property of metformin in male rats and this may have potential benefit in attenuation of cognitive decline and related complications in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as AD besides diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Diddi S, Lohidasan S, Arulmozhi S, Mahadik KR. Standardization and Ameliorative effect of Kalyanaka ghrita in β-amyloid induced memory impairment in wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115671. [PMID: 36055476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kalyanaka ghrita (KG) is an Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used in the treatment of Daurbalya (debility) and Smritidaurbalya (impairment of intellectual activities). Clinical studies have reported the effect of KG in the treatment of Manasmandata or Buddhimandyata which is associated with impaired learning, social adjustment and maturation. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to standardization of KG and validation of its use in experimental models of neurodegeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS KG was Standardized for biomarkers curcumin, gallic acid, tannic acid, chebulagic acid, and berberine. In male wistar rats, neurodegeneration was induced by administration of intracerebroventricular Amyloid β (Aβ1-42). The effect of KG (oral and intranasal treatment) was evaluated through behavioral parameters such as Morris water maze, social recognition test, novel object recognition, locomotor activity, and molecular parameters, brain acetylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidants. Brain histopathology was performed for studying the architecture of the brain and plaque formation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A novel HPLC method has been developed for the standardization of KG. Treatment with KG significantly improved cognition and memory and increased brain BDNF and antioxidant status in Aβ1-42 induced rats. It also reduced brain acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines and prevented neuronal damage. There were more marked effects with intra-nasal administration compared to oral treatment. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that KG has neuroprotective potential and along with its nootropic property could be a promising therapy for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehalatha Diddi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, India
| | - S Arulmozhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, India.
| | - Kakasaheb R Mahadik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411038, India
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16
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Surya K, Manickam N, Jayachandran KS, Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M. Resveratrol Mediated Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroregenerative Plasticity via SIRT1 Pathway in Synergy with Wnt Signaling: Neurotherapeutic Implications to Mitigate Memory Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S125-S140. [PMID: 36463442 PMCID: PMC10473144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of dementia. Abnormal amyloidogenic event-mediated degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cognitive centers of the brain has been attributed to neuropathological sequelae and behavioral deficits in AD. Besides, impaired adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has experimentally been realized as an underlying cause of dementia regardless of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nourishing the neurogenic process in the hippocampus has been considered an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate memory loss. In the physiological state, the Wnt pathway has been identified as a potent mitogenic generator in the hippocampal stem cell niche. However, downstream components of Wnt signaling have been noticed to be downregulated in AD brains. Resveratrol (RSV) is a potent Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) enhancer that facilitates neuroprotection and promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult brain. While SIRT1 is an important positive regulator of Wnt signaling, ample reports indicate that RSV treatment strongly mediates the fate determination of stem cells through Wnt signaling. However, the possible therapeutic roles of RSV-mediated SIRT1 enhancement on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and reversal of memory loss through the Wnt signaling pathway have not been addressed yet. Taken together, this review describes RSV-mediated effects on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis via the activation of SIRT1 in synergy with the Wnt signaling. Further, the article emphasizes a hypothesis that RSV treatment can provoke the activation of quiescent neural stem cells and prime their neurogenic capacity in the hippocampus via Wnt signaling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Surya
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kesavan Swaminathan Jayachandran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Molecular Cardiology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Rajkumar M, Vimala K, Tamiliniyan DD, Thangaraj R, Jaganathan R, Kumaradhas P, Kannan S. Gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite attenuates neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease induced rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2122-2143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Chen D, Fang X, Zhu Z. Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration. IBRAIN 2022; 9:446-462. [PMID: 38680509 PMCID: PMC11045201 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well-known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine-like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Qin Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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19
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Panahzadeh F, Mirnasuri R, Rahmati M. Exercise and Syzygium aromaticum reverse memory deficits, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114871. [PMID: 34856360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common disease in the brain, is associated with cognitive and mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that endurance training and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry (Myrtaceae) (commonly referred to as clove) are effective interventions to maintain oxidative balance and improve cognitive function. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and clove oil affect spatial memory, apoptosis, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cognitive function in Alzheimer's rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups: Healthy (H), sham (sh), Healthy-exercise (HE), Healthy-clove (HC), Healthy-exercise-clove (HEC), Alzheimer's (A), Alzheimer's-exercise (AE), Alzheimer's-clove (AC), and Alzheimer's-exercise-clove (AEC). Alzheimer's induction was induced by the injection of 1-42 amyloid into the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The exercise training protocol was performed for 3 weeks, every day for 30 min in swimming training, and clove oil supplementation (0.1 mg/kg) was gavaged daily for 3 weeks in the supplement rat. Shuttle box test was used to measure spatial memory after the last training session, and to determine the mRNAs and protein levels and apoptosis, Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescent, and tunnel methods were used, respectively. RESULTS Alzheimer's caused a significant decrease in the PRDX6 and GCN5L1 mRNAs and protein levels and a significant increase in apoptosis in the hippocampus of the Alzheimer's group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Alzheimer's also reduced the time delay in entering the dark environment and increased the time spent in the dark environment (P = 0.001). Following endurance training and consumption of clove oil, spatial memory (P = 0.001), apoptosis (P = 0.001) and mRNAs and protein levels of PRDX6 (P = 0.001) and GCN5L1 (P = 0.017), were recovered in AE, AC and AEC groups, as compared with A group. CONCLUSION Swimming training and consumption of clove can possibly be considered as an effective intervention to maintain oxidative balance and improve mitochondrial homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Panahzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Rahim Mirnasuri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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20
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Trauma-like exposure alters neuronal apoptosis, Bin1, Fkbp5 and NR2B expression in an amyloid-beta (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 190:107611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Khan-Mohammadi-Khorrami MK, Asle-Rousta M, Rahnema M, Amini R. Neuroprotective effect of alpha-pinene is mediated by suppression of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in Alzheimer's disease rat model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23006. [PMID: 35174932 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene alpha-pinene possesses antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. We evaluated the effect of alpha-pinene on oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and molecular and behavioral changes induced by beta-amyloid (Aβ)1-42 in rats and investigated the possible mechanisms of these outcomes. Male Wistar rats received alpha-pinene (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 14 consecutive days after intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 . Alpha-pinene decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, increased glutathione content, and enhanced catalase activity in Aβ-injected rats. Also, messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor κB, and N-methyl- d-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B reduced in the hippocampus of these animals. Besides this, alpha-pinene repressed the Aβ1-42 -induced reduction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Treatment with alpha-pinene caused Aβ-receiving rats to spend more time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test and led to an increase in percentages of open arm entrance and time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus-maze test. We concluded that alpha-pinene strengthens the antioxidant system and prevents neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats receiving Aβ. It improves spatial learning and memory and reduces anxiety-like behavior in these animals. Consequently, alpha-pinene alleviates Aβ-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits. It is probably a suitable candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahim Amini
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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22
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Faborode OS, Dalle E, Mabandla MV. Inescapable footshocks induce molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex of rats in an amyloid-beta-42 model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113679. [PMID: 34826515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects several brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) involved in execution, working memory, and fear extinction. Despite these critical roles, the PFC is understudied in AD pathology. People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have twice the risk of developing AD, and the underlying mechanisms linking these two diseases are less understood. Here, we investigated the effect of footshock stress on behavioural vis-a-vis molecular changes in the PFC of an amyloid-beta (Aβ)-42 lesion rat model of AD. Trauma-like conditions were induced by exposing the animals to several footshocks. AD-like condition was induced via intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ-42 peptide. Following Aβ-42 injections, animals were tested for behavioural changes using the Open Field Test (OFT) and Y-maze test. The PFC was later harvested for neurochemical analyses. Our results showed an interactive effect of footshocks and Aβ-42 lesion on: reduced percentage alternation in the Y-maze test, suggesting memory impairment; reduced number of line crosses and time spent in the centre square of the OFT, indicating anxiogenic responses. Similarly, there was an interactive effect of footshocks and Aβ-42 lesion on: increased FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) expression, which can be associated with stress-induced anxiogenic behaviours; and increased neuronal apoptosis in the PFC of the animals. In addition, footshocks, as well as Aβ-42 lesion, reduced superoxide dismutase levels and Bridging Integrator-1 (BIN1) expression in the PFC of the animals, which can be linked to the observed memory impairment. In conclusion, our findings indicate that footshocks exaggerate PFC-associated behavioural and molecular changes induced by an AD-like pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/chemically induced
- Alzheimer Disease/etiology
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anxiety/chemically induced
- Anxiety/etiology
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electroshock
- Male
- Memory Disorders/chemically induced
- Memory Disorders/etiology
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/physiopathology
- Memory, Short-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Short-Term/physiology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/chemically induced
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Ernest Dalle
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Tuerxun M, Muhda A, Yin L. The molecular mechanisms of signal pathway activating effect of E2F-1/NF-κB/GSK-3β on cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer rats. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10000-10008. [PMID: 34839794 PMCID: PMC8809905 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1989261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) seriously harms human health and its onset is insidious. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the pathogenesis of AD disease for improving the prevention and treatment effect of the disease. The study drew attention to the influence of E2F-1/NF-κB/GSK-3β signaling pathway on cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer rats. 60 specific pathogen-free (SPF) SD rats were selected as research subjects. The, the AD model was created by injecting Aβ1-42 into hippocampus CA1 region of AD rats using a microscopic syringe. Besides, Morris water maze test and Western blot were performed to detect the cognitive function, the levels of destination protein and active oxidation products in the brain of rats. Compared to the Sham group, the escape latency and the distance of the model group significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the number of times to pass the target quadrant was significantly reduced (P < 0.05); the expression levels of E2F-1 and NF-κB protein in the hippocampus and the phosphorylation levels of Tau231, Tau262, Tau396, Tau404 and T216-GSK-3β protein of the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the ROS/RNS value in the hippocampus of the model group significantly increased (P < 0.05). AD model rats exhibit obvious cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with the activation of E2F-1/NF-κB/GSK-3β signaling pathway and the heightened Tau protein phosphorylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayila Tuerxun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ajar Muhda
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lixin Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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24
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Mohammadi N, Asle-Rousta M, Rahnema M, Amini R. Morin attenuates memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174506. [PMID: 34534533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of flavonoid morin on oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and histological, molecular, and behavioral changes caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ)1-42 in male Wistar rats (Alzheimer's disease model). Rats received morin (20 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 14 consecutive days after intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42. Morin decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, increased glutathione content, and enhanced catalase activity in the hippocampus of animals receiving Aβ1-42. It also reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-kappa B, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected rats. Besides, morin modified neuronal loss and histological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Morin allowed Aβ1-42-infused rats to swim more time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. It is concluded that morin may be suitable for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease by strengthening the antioxidant system, inhibiting neuroinflammation, preventing neuronal death, and enhancing memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahim Amini
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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25
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Tramontin NDS, Silveira PCL, Tietbohl LTW, Pereira BDC, Simon K, Muller AP. Effects of Low-Intensity Transcranial Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:2646-2656. [PMID: 34130881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. One of the main pathology markers of AD is the beta-amyloid plaques (βA1-42) created from residues of the badly processed amyloid precursor protein. The accumulation of these plaques can induce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and impair antioxidant mechanisms, culminating in cognitive and memory deficits. New therapies are necessary to treat AD as the approved drugs do not treat the progress of the disease. Transcranial low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) affects brain metabolism and could be tested as a treatment for AD. This study was aimed at evaluating the LIPUS treatment in a model of AD induced by βA1-42 intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and its effects on learning memory, neurotrophins, neuroinflammation and oxidative status. βA1-42 was administered ICV 24 h before the start of a 5-wk LIPUS treatment. The treatment with LIPUS improved recognition memory, as well as increasing nerve growth factor β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and cortex. There was a decrease in protein damage in the hippocampus treated with LIPUS. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were not present in the AD model used. The results indicated that LIPUS is a novel and promising adjuvant strategy for treatment of the late stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bárbara Da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kellen Simon
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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26
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Cuestas Torres DM, Cardenas FP. Synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:245-268. [PMID: 32250284 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The strength and efficiency of synaptic connections are affected by the environment or the experience of the individual. This property, called synaptic plasticity, is directly related to memory and learning processes and has been modeled at the cellular level. These types of cellular memory and learning models include specific stimulation protocols that generate a long-term strengthening of the synapses, called long-term potentiation, or a weakening of the said long-term synapses, called long-term depression. Although, for decades, researchers have believed that the main cause of the cognitive deficit that characterizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging was the loss of neurons, the hypothesis of an imbalance in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity underlying this deficit is currently widely accepted. An understanding of the molecular and cellular changes underlying the process of synaptic plasticity during the development of AD and aging will direct future studies to specific targets, resulting in the development of much more efficient and specific therapeutic strategies. In this review, we classify, discuss, and describe the main findings related to changes in the neurophysiological mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in excitatory synapses underlying AD and aging. In addition, we suggest possible mechanisms in which aging can become a high-risk factor for the development of AD and how its development could be prevented or slowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Cuestas Torres
- Departamento de Psicología and Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 N° 18A-12, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando P Cardenas
- Departamento de Psicología, Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 N° 18A-12, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
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27
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Exposure to footshock stress downregulates antioxidant genes and increases neuronal apoptosis in an Aβ(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105170. [PMID: 34419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that develops from exposure to trauma, mostly when normal psychological mechanisms fail. Studies have shown that people who have PTSD are susceptible to developing dementia, mostly Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting common underlying risk factors in the comorbidity. However, data elucidating links between these conditions is scarce. Here we show that footshock stress exacerbates AD-like pathology. To induce a trauma-like condition, the rats were exposed to multiple intense footshocks followed by a single reminder. This was followed by bilateral intrahippocampal lesions with amyloid-beta (Aβ) (1-42), to model AD-like pathology. We found that footshocks increased anxiety behavior and impaired fear memory extinction in Aβ(1-42) lesioned rats. We also found a reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and an increased expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the amygdala and hippocampus. Furthermore, oxidative stress level was sustained, which was associated with increased apoptosis in the amygdala and hippocampus. Our finding suggests that AD-like pathology can induce oxidative changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, which can be exaggerated by footshock stress.
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28
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:1-97. [PMID: 34560919 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD. In addition, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD and TBI for neuroprotection is the need of the hour. Since stem cells and neurotrophic factors play important roles in TBI and in AD, it is likely that nanodelivery of these agents exert superior neuroprotection in TBI induced exacerbation of AD brain pathology. In this review, these aspects are examined in details based on our own investigations in the light of current scientific literature in the field. Our observations show that TBI exacerbates AD brain pathology and TiO2 nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells together with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, and monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein thwarted the development of neuropathology following TBI in AD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Alisavari N, Soleimani-Asl S, Zarei M, Hashemi-Firouzi N, Shahidi S. Protective effect of chronic administration of pelargonidin on neuronal apoptosis and memory process in amyloid-beta-treated rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 11:407-416. [PMID: 34290971 PMCID: PMC8264223 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.17680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with impaired cognitive skills and learning and memory dysfunctions. It has been suggested that pelargonidin (PG), as an antioxidant agent, has a neuroprotective effect. PG could prevent damaging effects of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. The aim of this study was to determine the chronic effect of PG on hippocampal neurons and memory processes in a rat model of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight male adult rats were divided into sham, AD, AD+PG (5 μg, intracerebroventricular), and PG (5 μg, intracerebroventricular) groups. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ peptides (6 μg) was done using stereotaxic surgery. ICV administration of PG or saline was performed daily for 28 consecutive days. Behavioral analysis was performed using the novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance tests. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay in the hippocampus. RESULTS The ICV injection of Aβ reduced step-through latency and discrimination index in behavioral tests (p<0.001). Aβ increased the number of apoptotic neurons (p<0.001). PG treatment decreased the time spent in the dark compartment and neuronal apoptosis in the AD+PG rats (p<0.001). PG increased the discrimination index in the NOR test (p<0.001). Although PG did not change behavioral variables, it decreased cell death in the PG group. CONCLUSION PG attenuated neuronal apoptosis and improved cognition and memory deficiency in AD rats. The protective effect of PG against Aβ may be due to its anti-apoptotic property. It is suggested that PG can be useful to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazita Alisavari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani-Asl
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hashemi-Firouzi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Tofighi N, Asle-Rousta M, Rahnema M, Amini R. Protective effect of alpha-linoleic acid on Aβ-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory impairment by alteration of α7 nAChR and NMDAR gene expression in the hippocampus of rats. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:245-253. [PMID: 34111468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects many older people around the world. Numerous studies are underway to evaluate the protective effects of natural products in AD. Alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) is an essential unsaturated fatty acid that exhibits neuroprotective outcomes in rat models of ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease. This research aimed to investigate the effect of ALA on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and memory deficit induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. After intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42, rats received ALA (150 μg/kg, subcutaneously) for 14 consecutive days. ALA decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, enhanced glutathione content, and increased the activity of catalase in the hippocampus of the rat model of AD. It also reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-kappa B, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B mRNAs in the hippocampus, prevented the neuronal loss in the CA1 region, and enhanced the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In addition, ALA allowed Aβ1-42-injected rats to spend less time and distance to reach the hidden platform in the Morris water maze test and to swim longer in the target quadrant. We concluded that ALA reduces the biochemical, molecular, histological, and behavioral changes caused by Aβ1-42 and it may be an effective option for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahaleh Tofighi
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rahim Amini
- Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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31
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Khodagholi F, Hajipour MJ, Sadeghi P, Noruzi M, Moshtagh A, Behmadi H, Sharifzadeh M. PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) ameliorate learning and memory deficit in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential participation of STIMs. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:145-159. [PMID: 34058247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrillation process seems to execute a principal role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, novel therapeutic plans have concentrated on the inhibition or degradation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils. Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., gold and iron oxide NPs, take a unique capacity in redirecting Aβ fibrillation kinetics; nevertheless, their impacts on AD-related memory impairment have not been adequately evaluated in vivo. Here, we examined the effect of commercial PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the learning and memory of an AD-animal model. The outcomes demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of SPIONs on Aβ fibrillation and learning and memory processes. In vitro and in vivo findings revealed that Low doses of SPIONs inhibited Aβ aggregation and ameliorated learning and memory deficit in the AD model, respectively. Enhanced level of hippocampal proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein, p-CREB, and stromal interaction molecules, e.g., STIM1 and STIM2, were also observed. However, at high doses, SPIONs did not improve the detrimental impacts of Aβ fibrillation on spatial memory and hippocampal proteins expression. Overall, we revealed the potential capacity of SPIONs on retrieval of behavioral and molecular manifestations of AD in vivo, which needs further investigations to determine the mechanistic effect of SPIONs in the AD conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 47263, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Payam Sadeghi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Marzieh Noruzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Aynaz Moshtagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Homayoon Behmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran.
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李 智, 李 虎, 姚 尚, 程 明, 陈 建. [Effects of dexmedetomidine doses on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and serum β- amyloid and cytokine levels in elderly patients after spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:600-606. [PMID: 33963722 PMCID: PMC8110441 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the immunomodulatory mechanism and optimal dose of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE A total of 120 elderly patients undergoing elective spinal surgery with general anesthesia were randomized into 4 groups to receive a loading dose of 0.3 μg/kg DEX for 10 min before anesthesia induction followed by maintenance doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 μg · kg-1·h-1 (low-, medium-, and high-dose DEX groups, respectively) or an equal volume of normal saline (control group). DEX and saline was discontinued 40 min before the end of the surgery. Before induction (D0) and on day 1 (D1), day 3 (D2) and day 7 (D3) after the operation, the cognitive function of the patients was assessed using the MMSE scale and their serum levels of β-amyloid (Aβ), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured. The occurrence of adverse effects including bradycardia and hypotension and the recovery time of the patients were recorded. OBJECTIVE Compared with those on D0, serum levels of Aβ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α on D1 were markedly increased in all the groups (P < 0.05); the levels of Aβ decreased to the baseline level on D3 in medium- and high-dose DEX groups (P > 0.05) but remained high in the other two groups. On D2, TNF-α, L-1β and IL-6 recovered their baseline levels in medium- and high-dose DEX groups (P > 0.05) but remained elevated in the other two groups. The incidences of POCD in medium- and high-dose DEX groups were comparable but significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidences of hypotension and bradycardia were the highest in high-dose DEX group (P < 0.01), which also had longer recovery time than the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE With a loading dose of 0.3 μg/kg followed by a maintenance doses of 0.5 μg · kg-1·h-1, DEX can effectively reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery by inhibiting the production of Aβ and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- 智 李
- 汕头大学医学院,广东 汕头 515000Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
- 深圳市 福田区第二人民医院,广东 深圳 518000Department of Anesthesiology, Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - 虎 李
- 南方医科大学附属宝安医院麻醉科,广东 深圳 518000Department of Anesthesiology, Bao'an Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - 尚龙 姚
- 华中科技大学 同济医学院附属协和医院麻醉科,湖北 武汉 430000Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - 明华 程
- 汕头大学医学院第一附属医院,广东 汕头 515000Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - 建颜 陈
- 广东药科大学附属第一医院,广东 广州 510000Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- 广州医科大学附属深圳沙井医院,广东 深圳 518100Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Shajing Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- 陈建颜,主任医师,硕士生导师,E-mail:
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Abd el‐Rady NM, Ahmed A, Abdel‐Rady MM, Ismail OI. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog improves neuronal and behavioral impairment and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of aluminum-induced dementia. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14651. [PMID: 33355990 PMCID: PMC7757676 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide severe medical and social burden. Liraglutide (LIR) has neuroprotective effects in preclinical animal models. AIM To explore the probable neuroprotective impact of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on rats' behavior and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 24 male albino rats were assigned to control, LIR (300 µg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.)), AD only (100 mg/kg aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) orally) and LIR + AD treated groups. Eight radial arm maze was performed. Serum blood glucose, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers were measured and hippocampal tissue homogenate neurotransmitters were evaluated. Histopathological and immunofluorescent examinations were performed. RESULTS LIR prevents the impairment of learning and improves both working memory and reference memory through significant reduction of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and through the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. LIR also improves hippocampal histological features of ALCL3 administrated rats and decreases the percentage of neuronal loss. CONCLUSION LIR normalizes ALCL3 -induced dementia. It improves cognitive dysfunction and ameliorates cerebral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amel Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cell BiologyFaculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Omnia I. Ismail
- Department of Human Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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Wang P, Sui HJ, Li XJ, Bai LN, Bi J, Lai H. Melatonin ameliorates microvessel abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:757-764. [PMID: 33063739 PMCID: PMC8067916 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin can attenuate cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury, but it remains unclear whether melatonin can also ameliorate cerebral microvascular abnormalities. Rat models of Alzheimer’s disease were established by six intracerebroventricular injections of amyloid-beta 1–42, administered once every other day. Melatonin (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 13 successive days, with the first dose given 24 hours prior to the first administration of amyloid-beta 1–42. Melatonin ameliorated learning and memory impairments in the Morris water maze test, improved the morphology of microvessels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, increased microvessel density, alleviated pathological injuries of cerebral neurons, and decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2. These findings suggest that melatonin can improve microvessel abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by lowering the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, thereby improving the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinzhou Medical University, China (approval No. 2019015) on December 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Juan Sui
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Na Bai
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Toral-Rios D, Patiño-López G, Gómez-Lira G, Gutiérrez R, Becerril-Pérez F, Rosales-Córdova A, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, León-Rivera I, Soto-Cruz I, Florán-Garduño B, Campos-Peña V. Activation of STAT3 Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis and Neuronal Death Induced by AβO Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207458. [PMID: 33050466 PMCID: PMC7590075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO) have been proposed as the most potent neurotoxic and inflammation inducers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AβO contribute to AD pathogenesis by impairing the production of several cytokines and inflammation-related signaling pathways, such as the Janus kinases/signal transducer of transcription factor-3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway. STAT3 modulates glial activation, indirectly regulates Aβ deposition, and induces cognitive decline in AD transgenic models. However, in vivo studies using an AβO microinjection rat model have not yet explored STAT3 role. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate if a single microinjection of AβO could promote an increased expression of STAT3 in glial cells favoring neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We designed a model of intrahippocampal microinjection and assessed glial activation, cytokines production, STAT3 expression, and neurodegeneration in time. Our results showed robust expression of STAT3 in glial cells (mainly in astrocytes) and neurons, correlating with neuronal death in response to AβO administration. A STAT3 inhibition assay conducted in rat primary hippocampal cultures, suggested that the induction of the transcription factor by AβO in astrocytes leads them to an activation state that may favor neuronal death. Notwithstanding, pharmacological inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway should be focused on astrocytes because it is also essential in neurons survival. Overall, these findings strongly suggest the participation of STAT3 in the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Toral-Rios
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (D.T.-R.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico;
| | - Gisela Gómez-Lira
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico; (G.G.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rafael Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico; (G.G.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Fernando Becerril-Pérez
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Aldebarán Rosales-Córdova
- Departamento de Administración, Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Anáhuac de México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología, Sección Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Sección Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (J.C.L.-C.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico;
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 09230, Mexico;
| | - Benjamín Florán-Garduño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (D.T.-R.); (B.F.-G.)
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +555-6063-822 (ext. 2010)
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Bai Y, Ma X. Chlorzoxazone exhibits neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106790. [PMID: 32795892 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex and an age-related brain disease, is induced by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neuroinflammation. Chlorzoxazone (CZ) is a classical FDA-approved drug, and shows anti-inflammatory effects. However, up until now, its regulatory role in AD has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study we attempted to explore if CZ could be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. At first, the in vitro study was performed to mimic AD using Aβ. We found that Aβ caused p65 nuclear translocation in both primary microglial cells and astrocytes, which were, however, restrained by CZ treatments. Meanwhile, CZ incubation markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Aβ deposition was also markedly reduced in glial cells treated with CZ. Importantly, we found that glial activation and its-related pro-inflammation induced by Aβ led to obvious neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, which were effectively attenuated by CZ pre-treatment in the isolated primary cortical neurons. Then, the in vivo study was performed using APP/PS1 mice with AD. Behavior tests showed that CZ administration effectively improved cognitive deficits in AD mice. Neuron death in hippocampus of AD mice was also inhibited by CZ. Aβ accumulation in brain was markedly decreased in CZ-treated AD mice. We finally found that hippocampal glial activation in AD mice was obviously blocked by CZ supplementation, along with remarkable decreases in TNF-α, IL-1β and p65 nuclear translocation. Together, these findings above demonstrated that CZ could inhibit glial activation and inflammatory response, contributing to the suppression of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, CZ may be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Xinshun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, China.
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Yu B, Zhang J, Li H, Sun X. Silencing of aquaporin1 activates the Wnt signaling pathway to improve cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2020; 755:144904. [PMID: 32540373 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins robustly presenting in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of AQP1 in the pathogenesis of CNS injury but scarce data are provided for the potential role of AQP1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of AQP1 on cognitive function in a mouse model of AD. METHODS A mouse model of AD was established by using the β-amyloid isoform Aβ1-42, and then assessed by the step-through test and water maze experiment. The expression of AQP1 was quantified in the AD model. The effects of AQP1 on the cognitive function of AD mice and the Wnt signaling pathway were elucidated using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons were isolated and treated with Aβ1-42 for in vitro experiments and the effects of the Wnt signaling pathway on hippocampal neuron apoptosis were analyzed with the use of inhibitor or activator of this pathway. RESULTS AQP1 was highly-expressed in the AD mouse model while AQP1 silencing improved cognitive function in AD mice. Besides, silencing of AQP1 exhibited protective effects on hippocampal neurons in AD mice. Furthermore, AQP1 inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway while AQP1 promoted neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby damaging the cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS AQP1 silencing attenuates the cognitive impairment in AD through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, highlighting a novel therapeutic target against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 117000, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi 117000, PR China
| | - Junzhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi 117000, PR China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 117000, PR China.
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Dielectric Constant and Conductivity of Blood Plasma: Possible Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5756382. [PMID: 32148652 PMCID: PMC7042553 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5756382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex debilitating neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. The lack of reliable biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease has made the evaluation of the efficacy of new treatments difficult and reliant on only clinical symptoms. In an aged population where cognitive function may be deteriorating for other reasons, the dependence on clinical symptoms is also unreliable. However, it is well established that infusion of β-amyloid into the dorsal hippocampus of rats leads to cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the blood plasma of β-amyloid-lesioned rats exhibits a distinct variation of the dielectric constant and conductivity when compared to that of normal rats in a time-dependent manner. These two electric parameters of blood plasma may therefore act as potential biomarkers for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. This review is aimed at highlighting evidences that support blood plasma electrical properties, e.g., dielectric constant and conductivity as possible novel biomarkers for the early development and progression of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.
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Modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Ameliorates A β Synaptotoxicity in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8340192. [PMID: 31781354 PMCID: PMC6875425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8340192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cognitive dysfunction; however, the therapeutic strategies are not fully understood. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been widely used clinically to treat dementia. Recently, according to previous study and our clinical practice, we generate a new modification of HLJDD (named modified-HLJDD). In this study, we indicated that modified-HLJDD attenuated learning and memory deficiencies in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced AD model, and we confirmed the exact metabolites in modified-HLJDD solution, as compared with HLJDD by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Using GC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics, we identified adenosine as the potential significant metabolite, responsible for modified-HLJDD regulating energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity in AD model. We also revealed that the potential underlying mechanism of modified-HLJDD in AD model may involve NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission and adenosine/ATPase/AMPK cascade. Moreover, we also indicated the differential gut microbiota which mainly involved Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria at the phylum level upon modified-HLJDD treatment in AD model. Based on the correlation of metabolomic analysis with microbiome analysis, we clarified that Dorea is the most affected microbiota with adenosine upon modified-HLJDD treatment in AD model. Thus, our study suggests that modified-HLJDD may serve as a potential therapeutic drug in treating AD.
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Dara T, Vatanara A, Sharifzadeh M, Khani S, Vakilinezhad MA, Vakhshiteh F, Nabi Meybodi M, Sadegh Malvajerd S, Hassani S, Mosaddegh MH. Improvement of memory deficits in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease by erythropoietin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107082. [PMID: 31493483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic factor, is one of the promising neuroprotective candidates in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and rapid clearance from circulation, EPO could not completely pass the blood-brain barrier in the case of systemic administration. To overcome this limitation, EPO-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (EPO-SLN) was developed in this study using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method (W1/O/W2). Glycerin monostearate (GMS), span®80/span®60, Dichloromethane (DCM) and tween®80 were chosen as lipid, internal phase surfactants, solvent, and external aqueous phase surfactant, respectively. After physicochemical evaluations, the effect of EPO-SLN on the beta-amyloid-induced AD-like animal model was investigated. In vivo evaluations, it was demonstrated that the memory was significantly restored in cognitive deficit rats treated with EPO-SLN compared to the rats treated with native drug using the Morris water maze test. In addition, EPO-SLN reduced the oxidative stress, ADP/ATP ratio, and beta-amyloid plaque deposition in the hippocampus more effectively than the free EPO. Hence, the designed SLN can be regarded as a promising system for safe and effective delivery of EPO in the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Dara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Khani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi Meybodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Soroor Sadegh Malvajerd
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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