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Bone Turnover Markers and Osteokines in Adolescent Female Athletes of High- and Low-Impact Sports Compared With Nonathletic Controls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023; 35:41-47. [PMID: 35894972 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in resting concentrations of markers of bone formation and resorption, and osteokines between female adolescent (12-16 y) swimmers, soccer players, and nonathletic controls. Resting, morning blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast from 20 swimmers, 20 soccer players, and 20 nonathletic controls, matched for age. carboxyl-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), total osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were analyzed in serum. After controlling for percent body fat, there were no significant differences between swimmers and nonathletic controls in any of the measured markers. In contrast, soccer players had significantly higher P1NP (89.5 [25.6] ng·mL-1), OC (57.6 [22.9] ng·mL-1), and OPG (1052.5 [612.6] pg·mL-1) compared with both swimmers (P1NP: 66.5 [20.9] ng·mL-1; OC: 24.9 [12.5] ng·mL-1; OPG: 275.2 [83.8] pg·mL-1) and controls (P1NP: 58.5 [16.2] ng·mL-1; OC: 23.2 [11.9] ng·mL-1; OPG: 265.4 [97.6] pg·mL-1), with no differences in CTX, sclerostin, and RANKL. These results suggest that bone formation is higher in adolescent females engaged in high-impact sports like soccer compared with swimmers and controls.
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The Effect of Professional Sports Participation on Bone Content and Density in Elite Female Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm-119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of exercise in osteoporosis prevention has been proven. Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the types of sports, especially at professional levels. Non-impact sports such as swimming may have a negative effect or no effect. Objectives: Thus, the present study aimed to compare the effect of different sports on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of elite female athletes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 48 athletes in five groups of long-distance running, volleyball, basketball, swimming (n = 12 for each), and ten control subjects. For measuring the lumbar spine (L2 - L4) and proximal femur (femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward’s triangle), the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method was applied. Results: Indicated that the running, basketball, and volleyball groups had a significantly higher lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD than the swimming and control groups (P < 0.05). Running resulted in significantly higher lumbar spine BMC compared to volleyball, basketball, swimming, and control groups, respectively (P < 0.01), while basketball had higher proximal femur BMC than running and controls (P < 0.01). The Z-score of the lumbar spine in the running was significantly higher than in basketball, swimming, and controls (P < 0.05), while basketball had a significantly higher femur neck Z-score than volleyball, running, and controls (P < 0.001). Finally, the swimmers had significantly higher Z-scores in the lumbar and the proximal femur than non-athletes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although all sports are effective for improving the bone health, the swimmers had much better bone status than non-athletes, while the sports of long-distance running and basketball were more efficient than others; therefore, a combination of endurance and jumping exercises seems to be the best way to prevent osteoporosis.
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Lu M, Li M, Yi L, Li F, Feng L, Ji T, Zang Y, Qiu J. Effects of 8-week High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Bone Metabolism in Sedentary Young Females. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:77-83. [PMID: 35096081 PMCID: PMC8762074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been reported as effective exercise modes on bone metabolism. However, very few studies focused on young women with sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week HIIT on bone metabolism in sedentary young women. Methods 26 healthy, sedentary female participants were randomly assigned to either the HIIT (n = 13, age 23.2 ± 2.9 yr, weight 59.2 ± 7.2 kg, height 162.9 ± 3.3 cm, body mass index 22.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2) or MICT (n = 13, age 21.9 ± 1.7 yr, weight 59.3 ± 6.6 kg, height 160.9 ± 4.4 cm, body mass index 21.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2) group. Both groups completed 8 weeks (3 sessions/week) of training on the treadmill, where the HIIT group were asked to complete 6 × 3-min bouts of running at the intensity of 80–90% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) separated by 2-min active recovery at 30–40% VO2max and the MICT group completed 30-min continuous running at the intensity of 60–70% VO2max. The body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, bone turnover markers, and lower limb muscle strength were measured pre and post interventions. Results After 8-week interventions, 1) The total body BMD (HIIT, +8.5%; MICT, +5.5%) significantly increased (p < 0.05) without difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (CBUA) (HIIT, +16.0%; MICT, +4.6%) and calcaneus stiffness index (CSI) (HIIT, +16.7%; MICT, +2.5%) significantly increased in HIIT group (p < 0.05), but not in MICT group (p > 0.05). 2) The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (HIIT, +42.8%; MICT, +24.9%) level increased in both groups with significantly higher changes in HIIT (p < 0.05). 3) The score of standing long jump (HIIT, +10.3%; MICT, +3.8%) and vertical jump (HIIT, +5.3%; MICT, +2.0%) increased in both groups with significantly higher changes in HIIT (p < 0.05). Conclusions It suggested that 8-week HIIT and MICT interventions could improve bone metabolism. Compared with a similar workload of MICT, HIIT elicited superior benefits on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Lu
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Longyan Yi
- Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Feng
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Ji
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Zang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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de Almeida-Neto PF, de Matos DG, Jeffreys I, de Queiros VS, Aidar FJ, Pinto VCM, Bulhões-Correia A, Dantas PMS, de Araújo Tinôco Cabral BG. Muscle strength of the upper limbs & biological maturation: associations with bone mass in adolescent athletes of both sexes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hernandez-Martin A, Garcia-Unanue J, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Manzano-Carrasco S, Felipe JL, Carvalho MJ, Gallardo L, Sanchez-Sanchez J. The Effects of Football Practice on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2562. [PMID: 34444722 PMCID: PMC8401613 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns, exercise, sport, and physical activity have been shown to improve body composition in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis analyzed the effects of practicing football on body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral content) in children. An initial search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus was carried out in April 2021 to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria required children up to 12 years of age with a minimum football intervention duration of 10 weeks. Methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Between the 1803 articles originally founded, only 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1643 subjects between the 14 studies were identified. The review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used Review Manager and Full Meta-Analysis software. The results between the control and experimental groups showed significantly better lean body mass and fat mass values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Football practice was positively associated with increases in lean body mass (mean difference of 1.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 2.15), decreases in fat mass (mean difference of -0.81; 95% CI, -1.49, -0.13), and increases in whole body bone mineral content (mean difference of 117.68; 95% CI, 83.69, 151.67). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that football positively affects body composition in children. However, further research is needed to confirm the results for bone mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez-Martin
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.F.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Maria Jose Carvalho
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Sanchez
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.F.); (J.S.-S.)
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Denova-Gutiérrez E, Rivera-Paredez B, Velázquez-Cruz R, Muñoz-Aguirre P, Ramírez-Palacios P, Clark P, Ferretti JL, Salmerón J, Cointry GR. Relationship between physical activity, lean body mass, and bone mass in the Mexican adult population. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:94. [PMID: 34105036 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean mass (LM) in whole body (wb) and limbs of the Mexican adult population. Our results demonstrate that some types of LTPA with relatively high/medium impact on bones such as football, basketball, tennis, and weightlifting improve BMC and LM. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different kinds of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on bone mass values and its association with lean mass (LM) in the whole body (wb) and limbs of a large sample of Mexican men and premenopausal (pre-MP) women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Bone mineral content (BMC, kg), bone area (cm2), and LM (kg) were measured with DXA. The LTPA level and the "sedentary" condition were determined using a validated questionnaire adapted for the Mexican population. One-way ANOVA tests evaluated the differences in weight, height, body mass index, and wb, lower limb (ll) and upper limb (ul) BMC and LM between the active (those who engaged in LTPA) and sedentary group. Relationships between BMC and LM values were analyzed. Slopes of the curves and Z scores of LTPA groups with respect to the sedentary group were compared. RESULTS In men, both wb-BMC and ll-BMC were significantly higher in the groups performing basketball, football, tennis, weightlifting, and running, and all wb-LM, ll-LM, and ul-LM were higher in running, weightlifting, football, and basketball groups with respect to the sedentary group. Both the Z scores and the slopes of BMC-vs-LM relationships were higher than the controls, but only in the ll of male basketball and football players. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that some types of LTPA with relatively high/medium impact on bones, such as football, basketball, tennis, and weightlifting, improve both BMC and LM compared to sedentary individuals. Finally, this relationship is stronger for the bones found in the legs and it seems that women are less sensitive to this effect, possibly due to hormonal, dietary, and pharmacological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Unidad Académica de Investigación Epidemiológica, Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Paula Ramírez-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Patricia Clark
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose Luis Ferretti
- Centro de Estudios de Metabolismo Fosfocálcico, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Unidad Académica de Investigación Epidemiológica, Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Roberto Cointry
- Centro de Estudios de Metabolismo Fosfocálcico, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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Malina RM, Martinho DV, Valente-dos-Santos J, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Kozieł SM. Growth and Maturity Status of Female Soccer Players: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1448. [PMID: 33557121 PMCID: PMC7913875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reported mean ages, heights and weights of female soccer players aged <19 years in 161 studies spanning the years 1992-2020 were extracted from the literature or calculated from data available to the authors; 35 studies spanning the years 1981-2020 also included an indicator of biological maturation. Heights and weights were plotted relative to U.S. reference data. Preece-Baines Model 1 was fitted to moving averages to estimate ages at peak velocity. Maturity indicators included skeletal age, pubertal status, age at menarche, percentage of predicted adult height and predicted maturity offset. Heights and weights showed negligible secular variation across the time interval. Heights were slightly above or approximated the reference medians through 14 years old and then varied between the medians and 75th percentiles through 18 years old. Weights were above the reference medians from 9 to 18 years old. Mean ages at menarche ranged from 12.7 to 13.0 years. The trend in heights and weights suggested the persistence and/or selection of taller and heavier players during adolescence, while estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) and ages at menarche were within the range of mean ages in European and North American samples. Data for skeletal and sexual maturity status were limited; predicted maturity offset increased linearly with mean ages and heights at prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Diogo V. Martinho
- University of Coimbra, FCDEF, CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.V.M.); (M.J.C.-e.-S.)
| | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
- University of Coimbra, FCDEF, CIDAF (uid/dtp/042143/2020), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.V.M.); (M.J.C.-e.-S.)
| | - Sławomir M. Kozieł
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
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Hernandez-Martin A, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Felipe JL, Manzano-Carrasco S, Majano C, Gallardo L, Garcia-Unanue J. Physical Demands of U10 Players in a 7-a-Side Soccer Tournament Depending on the Playing Position and Level of Opponents in Consecutive Matches Using Global Positioning Systems (GPS). SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6968. [PMID: 33291228 PMCID: PMC7729596 DOI: 10.3390/s20236968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the physical demands of U10 players in a 7-a-side-soccer tournament based on the playing positions in 6 consecutive matches by global positioning systems (GPS). Variables of total distance, relative distance in different speed zones, maximum speed, time interval between accelerations, maximum speed acceleration, maximum acceleration, acceleration distance and the number of high-intensity accelerations were analysed. Differences between playing positions were found in the total distance covered by the midfielders. They covered higher total distances than the defenders (+1167 m; 95% CI: 411 to 1922 m; effect size (ES) = 1.41; p < 0.05) and forwards (+1388 m; CI 95%: 712 a 2063 m; TE = 0.85; p < 0.05). The total covered distance increased in the final rounds with respect to the group stage (p < 0.05; ES: 0.44 to 1.62), and high-intensity actions, such as the number of accelerations, were greater in the final rounds compared to the group stage (p < 0.05; ES: 0.44 to 1.62). The physical performance of young football players in a tournament with consecutive matches on a 40 × 62 m football field on the same day is influenced by the playing position and dependent on the level difference between opponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez-Martin
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (C.M.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Sanchez
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (C.M.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Carlos Majano
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (C.M.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (C.M.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (C.M.); (L.G.); (J.G.-U.)
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Basketball players possess a higher bone mineral density than matched non-athletes, swimming, soccer, and volleyball athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:123. [PMID: 32761271 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Basketball athletes possess a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than matched non-athletes and swimming, soccer, and volleyball athletes. Differences appear to be exacerbated with continued training and competition beyond adolescence. The greater BMD in basketball athletes compared to non-athletes, swimming, and soccer athletes is more pronounced in males than females. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine differences in total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) between basketball athletes, non-athletes, and athletes competing in swimming, soccer, and volleyball, considering age and sex. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched. Included studies consisted of basketball players and at least one group of non-athletes, swimming, soccer, or volleyball athletes. BMD data were meta-analyzed. Cohen's d effect sizes [95% confidence intervals (CI)] were interpreted as: trivial ≤ 0.20, small = 0.20-0.59, moderate = 0.60-1.19, large = 1.20-1.99, and very large ≥ 2.00. RESULTS Basketball athletes exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher BMD compared to non-athletes (small-moderate effect in total-body: d = 1.06, CI 0.55, 1.56; spine: d = 0.67, CI 0.40, 0.93; lumbar spine: d = 0.96, CI 0.57, 1.35; upper limbs: d = 0.70, CI 0.29, 1.10; lower limbs: d = 1.14, CI 0.60, 1.68; pelvis: d = 1.16, CI 0.05, 2.26; trunk: d = 1.00, CI 0.65, 1.35; and femoral neck: d = 0.57, CI 0.16, 0.99), swimming athletes (moderate-very large effect in total-body: d = 1.33, CI 0.59, 2.08; spine: d = 1.04, CI 0.60, 1.48; upper limbs: d = 1.19, CI 0.16, 2.22; lower limbs: d = 2.76, CI 1.45, 4.06; pelvis d = 1.72, CI 0.63, 2.81; and trunk: d = 1.61, CI 1.19, 2.04), soccer athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.58, CI 0.18, 0.97), and volleyball athletes (small effect in total-body: d = 0.32, CI 0.00, 0.65; and pelvis: d = 0.48, CI 0.07, 0.88). Differences in total and regional BMD between groups increased with age and appeared greater in males than in females. CONCLUSION Basketball athletes exhibit a greater BMD compared to non-athletes, as well as athletes involved in swimming, soccer, and volleyball.
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Krahenbühl T, Barros-Filho ADA, Barbeta CJDO, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Geometric indices of femur bone strength in female handball players. Women Health 2020; 60:1118-1128. [PMID: 32752949 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2020.1802637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The practice of sports during the growth phase has a positive influence on bone mineral accrual. However, the effects of different sports are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone geometry in adolescent handball players. This is a cross-sectional study in which 53 female adolescents (12-17 years old) were divided into two groups: handball players (HG: n = 26), who must have had at least six months of participation in official competitions, and a control group (CG: n = 27). Bone geometry properties, such as cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (Z), and femoral strength index (FSI) were measured using DXA. Tanner's sexual maturity, menarche, peak height velocity, sun exposure, and calcium intake were assessed. An unpaired Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analyzes were used to compare variables differences between groups. The HG group showed a significantly higher body mass index, weight and lean mass (LST), CSA, CSMI, Z, and FSI than the CG group. When the values were adjusted for LST, the differences disappeared. The LST has been shown to be relevant to the strength and bone stiffness of the femurs of female adolescents, and the competitive practice in handball may have contributed to its increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
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Bone accrual over 18 months of participation in different loading sports during adolescence. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:64. [PMID: 32335776 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density accrual in adolescents over 18 months. The impact sports were beneficial for bone health (accrual of bone density). In contrast, swimmers had similar or lower bone mineral density compared with the control group depending on the skeletal site. PURPOSE To investigate the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in adolescents over a period of 18 months METHODS: The sample was composed of 71 adolescents, avarage age of 12.7 (± 1.7) years old at baseline. Bone outcomes were compared according to the loading of the sports practiced (impact sports, n = 33 [basketball, karate, and judo], non-impact sport, n = 18 [swimming], and control group, n = 20). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) estimated through equation. The results were compared between the groups using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS Adjusted aBMD at lower limbs, whole body less head (WBLH), and adjusted WBLH BMAD were significantly greater in the impact sport group than the non-impact sport group at all time points. Adjusted upper limbs aBMD was significantly higher at the impact sports group compared to the non-impact sport group at 9 months and 18 months, besides compared to the control group at baseline and 18 months. Non-impact sport group presented a significant lower adjusted aBMD compared with control group at lower limbs and WBLH at 9 months, and at 9 months and 18 months in WBLH BMAD. There was a significant interaction (time × sport group) at upper limbs (p = 0.042) and WBLH aBMD (p = 0.006), and WBLH BMAD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Impact sports were more beneficial on accumulating aBMD and BMAD over a period of 18 months, while non-impact group (swimmers) had similar and lower aBMD and BMAD compared with the control group.
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Maillane-Vanegas S, Agostinete RR, Lynch KR, Ito IH, Luiz-de-Marco R, Rodrigues-Junior MA, Turi-Lynch BC, Fernandes RA. Bone Mineral Density and Sports Participation. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:294-302. [PMID: 30068490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to identify differences in bone mineral density (BMD) according to different sports among adolescents, as well as to identify assessments of relevant mediators. The sample consisted of 429 adolescents with a mean age of 13.3 ± 1.7 yr. The sports modalities that we evaluated were judo, karate, kung fu, swimming, basketball, and soccer. Nonsports group was composed of 111 adolescents. Bone density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regarding BMD values, female engaged in karate had higher BMD values than girls from the no sports group (p = 0.01). Boys engaged in soccer and karate presented the highest BMD values than all the other groups (p = 0.01). The most relevant mediators were the body mass index and lean soft tissue for boys and girls. Different sports presented different results regarding BMD gains, which were influenced by body mass index and whole-body lean soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo R Agostinete
- Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Kyle R Lynch
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Igor H Ito
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Mario A Rodrigues-Junior
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess bone mass in children and adolescent soccer players and to evaluate the influence of both gender and pubertal status on bone mass. A total of 110 soccer players (75 males / 35 females; 12.73 ± 0.65 / 12.76 ± 0.59 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups according to their pubertal status. Bone and lean masses were measured with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry. An independent t-test and an adjusted by subtotal lean and training experience multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyse the differences in bone mass values between genders and maturity status. Female soccer players presented higher bone mass values than their male counterparts in most of the measured weight-bearing sites. Moreover, when stratifying by pubertal status, peripubertal and postpubertal females had higher subtotal body and lumbar spine bone mass than males. Comparing between pubertal status groups before adjustment, both male and female postpubertal players showed higher bone mass than their pubertal counterparts. After adjusting, these differences disappeared and, in fact results were inverted as bone mass at the femoral neck was higher in both male and female peripubertal soccer players than in postpubertal players. Bone mass seems to be more intensely stimulated by playing soccer in female than male players, particularly in the lumbar spine. The results of peripubertal players showing higher bone mass at the femoral neck after adjusting suggest that playing soccer during the peripubertal stage could be an effective activity to achieve optimal bone mass values.
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Exupério IN, Agostinete RR, Werneck AO, Maillane-Vanegas S, Luiz-de-Marco R, Mesquita EDL, Kemper HCG, Fernandes RA. Impact of Artistic Gymnastics on Bone Formation Marker, Density and Geometry in Female Adolescents: ABCD-Growth Study. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:75-82. [PMID: 31223603 PMCID: PMC6561856 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare bone density accrual and markers of bone geometry and formation between female adolescents engaged and not engaged in artistic gymnastics (AGs). Methods This was a 12-month longitudinal study involving 20 female adolescents, including 10 controls and 10 gymnasts (AGs) aged 11 to 16 years. At baseline, the gymnasts had a minimum of 12 months of practice, and the controls reported no participation in any organized sport. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lower limbs, upper limbs, spine, and whole body. In addition, BMD and geometrical properties of the femur were assessed. As a bone formation marker, osteocalcin level was measured. Results Femoral aspects were increased in the gymnasts by 19% (P=0.009), 14% (P=0.047), and 10% (P=0.046) in the Ward's triangle, trochanter, and the overall bone, respectively, than in the control girls. Geometrical parameters, bone accrual, and osteocalcin levels were similar in both groups. The weekly training load explained 30.8% of all bone gains on the lower limbs and affected the density on parts of the femur. Conclusions The gymnasts, after a 12-month follow-up, demonstrated a higher BMD in the Ward's triangle and whole femur than the controls, as well as an improvement in femur density. These changes were mainly due to the weekly training load. Lastly, the gymnasts had significant bone accrual (after 12 months) in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Neto Exupério
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Werneck
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo D L Mesquita
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Han C G Kemper
- Department of Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Alonso AC, Ernandes RDC, Pereira RHM, Becker RA, Machado-Lima A, Silva-Santos PR, Greve JMD, Garcez-Leme LE. BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN ELDERLY RUNNERS: SIX-YEAR FOLLOW-UP. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2019; 27:92-94. [PMID: 30988653 PMCID: PMC6442713 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220192702214897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition over a six-year period in elderly long-distance runners. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of elderly athletes who were long-distance runners, were participants of the IOT-HCFMUSP Orthogeriatric Group, and had their BMD evaluated between 2001 and 2007; of these athletes, 11 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria: athletes should be long-distance runners, should not stop long-distance running during the six-year period, and should have undergone BMD and body composition evaluations. Body composition was evaluated using bone densitometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with a Lunar-DPX device. Results: Over the six-year period, body composition remained stable, but there was a significant increase only in the fat percentage (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Long-distance running may maintain BMD but may lead to an increase in the fat percentage in elderly runners. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic Study - Investigating the Effect of Patient Characteristics on Disease Outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Castilho Alonso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects of Zumba ® and Aquagym on Bone Mass in Inactive Middle-Aged Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55010023. [PMID: 30669665 PMCID: PMC6358983 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Regular exercise may stimulate bone formation and reduce the loss of bone mass in premenopausal women. This study aims to evaluate the effect of high-impact physical activity (Zumba®) and low-impact physical activity (Aquagym) on bone mass in inactive middle-aged women. Materials and methods: Fifty-five healthy inactive women (30⁻50 years old) were recruited in Spain in 2016 and were randomly allocated into one of three groups: High impact group (HIG: n = 15), low impact group (LIG: n = 12) and control group (CG: n = 28). HIG and LIG were recruited from Madrid and the CG from Toledo. HIG and LIG completed a 12-week intervention program with three 40' sessions per week of Zumba® or Aquagym; respectively. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine and right hip. Results: Post-intervention adjusted data showed no significant differences in BMC between any of the groups nor in aBMD between HIG and LIG. Interestingly; significant differences for the HIG vs. CG were found in the change in total hip aBMD (1.76% vs. -0.44%), femoral neck aBMD (1.80% vs. -2.71%), and intertrochanter aBMD (2.03% vs. -0.50%). Moreover, significant differences for the LIG vs. CG were also found in the change in femoral neck aBMD (-0.54% vs. -2.71%). Conclusions: The regular practice of Zumba® and Aquagym might reduce the progressive deterioration of bone mass in inactive middle-aged women.
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in bone mass between children and adolescents swimming competitively at nonelite levels (locally and regionally) and nonathletes and to assess changes in bone mass in these 2 groups over 24 months after taking into consideration several known confounders of bone mass. DESIGN Observational prospective study. PARTICIPANTS White nonelite swimmers (n = 128) and nonathletes (n = 106) 8 to 18 years of age from Memphis, Tennessee, USA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess total body and hip bone mineral content (BMC) at baseline and 12 and 24 months later. RESULTS At baseline, swimmers had 4.2% and 6.1% higher adjusted BMC for the total body and hip, respectively, compared with nonathletes (P values < 0.027). Averaging across assessment points, swimmers had 73.5 and 2.2 g higher BMC for the total body and hip, respectively, than nonathletes. Although there was a significant annual increase in total body and hip BMC in both groups (33.5 and 0.7 g, respectively), there was no difference in annualized bone accrual between swimmers and nonathletes for either total body BMC (swim by time effect; P = 0.213) or hip BMC (P = 0.265). CONCLUSIONS Competitive swimming at nonelite levels during childhood and adolescence does not seem to compromise bone accrual.
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18
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Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081075. [PMID: 30103535 PMCID: PMC6116035 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Analysis of Bone Mineral Density/Content of Paratroopers and Hoopsters. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:6030624. [PMID: 29887982 PMCID: PMC5985112 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The different mechanical stimulus affects the bone mass and bone strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of landing posture of the hoopster and paratrooper on the bone mass. In this study, 39 male participants were recruited including 13 paratroopers, 13 hoopsters, and 13 common students (control groups). Bone area (BA), BMD and BMC of calcaneus, and 1-5th of the metatarsus, hip, and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Also, the vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) of hoopsters and paratroopers were measured by the landing of 1.2 m 3D force platform. BA of hoopsters at the calcaneus, lumbar spine, and hip were significantly higher than the control group. The lumbar spine, hip, calcaneus, the 1st and 2nd metatarsals, BMC of paratroopers, and control groups were significantly lower than hoopsters. BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, and right and left femoral necks in hoopsters were significantly higher than the other participants. BMC and BMD of lower limber showed no significant difference between paratroopers and the control group. Besides, peak GRFs of paratroopers (11.06 times of BW) were significantly higher than hoopsters (6.49 times of BW). The higher GRF in the landing train is not always in accordance with higher BMD and BMC. Variable loads in hoopsters can improve bone remodeling and play an important role in bone expansions for trabecular bones. This will be considered by the method of training to prevent bone loss.
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20
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Soccer helps build strong bones during growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:295-310. [PMID: 29282554 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of soccer practice on bone in male and female children and adolescents. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles published up to and including October 2016. Twenty-seven studies were included in this systematic review (13 in the meta-analysis). The meta-analysis was performed by using OpenMeta[Analyst] software. It is well documented that soccer practice during childhood provides positive effects on bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) compared to sedentary behaviors and other sports, such as tennis, weightlifting, or swimming. Furthermore, soccer players present higher BMC and BMD in most weight-bearing sites such as the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and legs. Moreover, bone differences were minimized between groups during prepuberty. Therefore, the maturity status should be considered when evaluating bone. According to meta-analysis results, soccer practice was positively associated with whole-body BMD either in males (mean difference 0.061; 95%CI, 0.042-0.079) or in females (mean difference 0.063; 95%CI, 0.026-0.099). CONCLUSION Soccer may be considered a sport that positively affects bone mass during growth. Pubertal soccer players presented increased bone mass compared to controls or other athletes; however, these bone differences are minimized during the prepubertal stage. What is known: • It has been described that childhood and adolescence are important periods for bone mass and structure. • Previous studies have demonstrated that soccer participation improves bone mass in male and female children and adolescents. What is new: • The differences between soccer players and controls are more marked during puberty than prepuberty. • Weight-bearing sites such as lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric region and both legs are particularly sensitive to soccer actions.
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Seabra A, Fernandes RJ, Marques E, Moura M, Ubago-Guisado E, Hernando E, Gallardo L. Impact of Futsal and Swimming Participation on Bone Health in Young Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2018; 60:85-91. [PMID: 29339988 PMCID: PMC5765788 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays a crucial role in bone mass acquisition during childhood and adolescence, with weightbearing and high-impact sport activities being more beneficial. This study sought to evaluate the impact of different sports activities on bone mineral density and content in male Portuguese athletes. Seventy adolescent boys (aged 12-15 years) including 28 futsal players (FG), 20 swimmers (SG) and 22 non-athletic adolescents used as control subjects (CG), participated in the current study. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and areal bone mineral content (aBMC) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Futsal players had significantly higher aBMD (lumbar spine - FG: 0.95 ± 0.18, SG: 0.80 ± 0.13, CG: 0.79 ± 0.13 g/cm2, p = 0.001; pelvis - FG: 1.17 ± 0.21, SG: 0.91 ± 0.12, CG: 0.98 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p < 0.001; lower limbs - FG: 1.21 ± 0.19, SG: 0.97 ± 0.10, CG: 0.99 ± 0.09 g/cm2, p < 0.001) and aBMC (lumbar spine - FG: 51.07 ± 16.53, SG: 40.19 ± 12.47, CG: 40.50 ± 10.53 g, p = 0.013; pelvis - FG: 299.5 ± 110.61, SG: 170.02 ± 55.82, CG: 183.11 ± 46.78 g, p < 0.001; lower limbs - FG: 427.21 ± 117.11, SG: 300.13 ± 76.42, CG: 312.26 ± 61.86 g/cm2, p < 0.001) than swimmers and control subjects. Data suggest that futsal, as a weightbearing and high or odd-impact sport, may improve bone mass during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Portugal Football School - Portugal Football Federation, lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, Maia, ISMAI
| | - Miguel Moura
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Enrique Hernando
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Krahenbühl T, Guimarães RDF, Barros Filho ADA, Gonçalves EM. BONE GEOMETRY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 36:230-237. [PMID: 29412432 PMCID: PMC6038793 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;2;00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review on the practice of physical activity and/or sports in health and its influence on bone geometry of healthy children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE The method used as reference was the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Databases searched for articles published from 2006 to 2016, with "Bone geometry" AND (Sport* OR Exercise* OR "Physical Activity") as descriptors, were PubMed, BIREME/LILACS and SciELO. DATA SYNTHESES After the selection, 21 articles were included. Most studies stated that practice of physical activity and/or sports was beneficial for bone geometry and bone mineral density. Only two studies presented values of bone parameters for control individuals better than those of swimmers. Physical activities and sports studied were: gymnastics (n=7), rhythmic gymnastics (n=2), tennis (n=1), soccer (n=3), capoeira (n=1), swimming (n=4), cycling (n=0), jumping activities (n=2), studies relating physical activity with isokinetic peak torque (n=1), physical activity measured by questionnaire (n=4), and additional physical education classes (n=2). CONCLUSIONS Among the sports and physical activities found, gymnastics, soccer, and more intense physical activity assessed by questionnaires were mentioned along with better results in bone geometry compared to the absence of physical activity, whereas swimming and jumping exercises did not influence it. Therefore, sports activities with weight bearing and those practiced more frequently and intensively are beneficial for bone geometry.
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Ubago-Guisado E, Vlachopoulos D, Fatouros IG, Deli CK, Leontsini D, Moreno LA, Courteix D, Gracia-Marco L. Longitudinal determinants of 12-month changes on bone health in adolescent male athletes. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:106. [PMID: 30306385 PMCID: PMC6310711 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We identified the determinants of 12-month changes of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip geometry and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adolescent male athletes. Changes in region-specific lean mass and the type of sport are the most consistent determinants in this population. PURPOSE This study aims to identify the determinants of 12-month changes of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip geometry and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adolescent male athletes. METHODS The sample was 104 adolescent males aged 12-14 years at baseline that were followed over 12 months: 39 swimmers, 37 footballers (or soccer players) and 28 cyclists. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured aBMD at the whole body, lumbar spine and dual hip. Hip geometry estimates at the femoral neck were measured using hip structural analysis. Lumbar spine texture was measured by TBS. RESULTS Multivariate regression models significantly explained 38-60% of the variance in the aBMD changes, 36-62% in the hip geometry estimates changes and 45% in the TBS changes. Δregion-specific lean mass was the most consistent predictor of changes in aBMD outcomes (β = 0.591 to 0.696), followed by cycling participation (β = - 0.233 to - 0.262), swimming participation (β = - 0.315 to - 0.336) and ΔMVPA (β = 0.165). Cycling participation was the most consistent predictor of changes in hip geometry estimates (β = - 0.174 to - 0.268), followed by Δregion-specific lean mass (β = 0.587) and Δcardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.253). Finally, cycling and swimming participation (β = - 0.347 to - 0.453), Δregion-specific lean mass (β = 0.848) and Δstature (β = 0.720) were predictors of change in TBS. CONCLUSIONS Changes in region-specific lean mass and the type of sport are the most consistent determinants of 12-month changes in aBMD, hip geometry estimates and TBS in adolescent male athletes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17982776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100, Komotini, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 421 00, Trikala, Greece
| | - Diamanda Leontsini
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100, Komotini, Greece
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 13, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, 79 Heavitree Rd, Exeter, EX2 4TH, United Kingdom.
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 13, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain.
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Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Ubago-Guisado E, Williams CA, Gracia-Marco L. The effect of a high-impact jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescent athletes. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:128. [PMID: 30446875 PMCID: PMC6244891 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study demonstrates that a 9-month jumping intervention can improve bone mass gains and physical fitness performance in adolescent males participating in non-osteogenic sports, such as swimming and cycling. PURPOSE To examine the effect of a jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescents involved in different sports. METHODS Ninety-three adolescent male swimmers (SWI), footballers (FOO) and cyclists (CYC) were randomised to intervention (INT) and sport (INT-SWI = 19, INT-FOO = 15, INT-CYC = 14) or sport only (CON-SWI = 18, CON-FOO = 15, CON-CYC = 12) groups. The 9-month jumping intervention consisted of 3 levels (12 weeks each) of 20 repetitions per set of counter movement jumps (CMJ) using adjustable weight vests (level 1 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 0 kg, 3 sets/day, 3 times/week; level 2 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 2 kg, 4 sets/day, 3 times/week; level 3 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 5 kg, 4 sets/day, 4 times/week). Total body bone mineral content (BMC) at total body less head (TBLH) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone stiffness using quantitative ultrasound. Fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run (20mSRT), CMJ and standing long jump (SLJ) tests. RESULTS INT-SWI had significantly higher increase in BMC legs and bone stiffness compared to CON-SWI (4.2-12.7%). INT-CYC had significantly higher increase in BMC at TBLH and legs and bone stiffness compared to CON-CYC (5.0-12.3%). There were no significant differences between INT-FOO and CON-FOO in any bone outcomes (0.9-3.9%). The increase in CMJ performance was significantly higher in INT-SWI (3.1 cm) and INT-CYC (3.2 cm) compared to CON-SWI and CON-CYC groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A 9-month jumping intervention can improve bone mass, bone stiffness and muscular fitness in adolescent males participating in non-osteogenic sports, such as swimming and cycling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17982776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- 0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Alan R. Barker
- 0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- 0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK ,0000 0001 2194 2329grid.8048.4IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Craig A. Williams
- 0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- 0000 0004 1936 8024grid.8391.3Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK ,0000 0001 2152 8769grid.11205.37Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,0000000121678994grid.4489.1PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Ubago-Guisado E, Fatouros IG, Knapp KM, Williams CA, Gracia-Marco L. Longitudinal Adaptations of Bone Mass, Geometry, and Metabolism in Adolescent Male Athletes: The PRO-BONE Study. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2269-2277. [PMID: 28685886 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period for bone development, and exercise can enhance bone acquisition during this period of life. However, it is not known how the different loading sports practiced can affect bone acquisition in adolescent male athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the 1-year longitudinal bone acquisition among adolescent males involved in osteogenic (football) and non-osteogenic (swimming and cycling) sports and to compare with active controls. A total of 116 adolescent males aged 12 to 14 years at baseline were followed for 1 year: 37 swimmers, 37 footballers, 28 cyclists, and 14 active controls. Bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and section modulus (Z) at the femoral neck was assessed using hip structural analysis (HSA); and bone texture of the lumbar spine was assessed using trabecular bone score (TBS). Serum N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP), isomer of the Carboxi-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I), total serum calcium, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were analyzed. Footballers had significantly higher adjusted BMC at the lumbar spine (7.0%) and femoral neck (5.0%) compared with cyclists, and significantly greater BMC at the lumbar spine (6.9%) compared with swimmers. Footballers presented significantly greater TBS (4.3%) compared with swimmers, and greater CSMI (10.2%), CSA (7.1%), Z (8.9%) and TBS (4.2%) compared with cyclists. No differences were noted between cyclists and swimmers, both groups had similar bone acquisition compared with controls. PINP was significantly higher in footballers and controls compared with cyclists and swimmers (3.3% to 6.0%), and 25(OH)D was significantly higher in footballers and cyclists compared with swimmers and controls (9.9% to 13.1%). These findings suggest that bone acquisition is higher in adolescent male footballers compared with swimmers and cyclists at the femoral neck and lumbar spine sites of the skeleton. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Ubago-Guisado E, Vlachopoulos D, Ferreira de Moraes AC, Torres-Costoso A, Wilkinson K, Metcalf B, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Gallardo L, Gracia-Marco L. Lean mass explains the association between muscular fitness and bone outcomes in 13-year-old boys. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1658-1665. [PMID: 28672065 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the associations between fitness indices and bone outcomes in young males. METHODS Data were collected between autumn and winter 2014-2015 on 121 males with a mean age of 13.1 ± 0.1 years: 41 swimmers, 37 footballers, 29 cyclists and 14 nonathletes. Participants were recruited from athletic clubs and schools across South West England. Lean mass, areal bone mineral density and hip structural estimates were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationships between bone outcomes and the vertical jump, standing long jump and the 20-m shuttle run test were analysed using three regression models: model 1 was adjusted by age and stature, model 2 added vigorous physical activity and model 3 then added lean mass. RESULTS The boys' performance in the vertical jump and standing long jump was positively associated with the majority of bone outcomes in models 1 and 2, but most of these disappeared in model 3. The 20-m shuttle run test was positively associated with most bone outcomes in all three models. Lean mass played a key role in the association between muscular fitness and bone outcomes. CONCLUSION Vigorous physical activity did not explain the associations between fitness and bone outcomes, but lean mass did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- IGOID Research Group; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre; Sport and Health Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre; Sport and Health Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
- Department of Preventive Medicine; School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- School of Nursing and Physiotherapy; University of Castilla La Mancha; Toledo Spain
| | - Kelly Wilkinson
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre; Sport and Health Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Brad Metcalf
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre; Sport and Health Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
- University of Exeter Medical School; Exeter UK
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- IGOID Research Group; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
- School of Sport Sciences; European University; Madrid Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre; Sport and Health Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
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Vlachopoulos D, Barker AR, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Krustrup P, Metcalf B, Castro Pinero J, Ruiz JR, Knapp KM, Williams CA, Moreno LA, Gracia-Marco L. The effect of 12-month participation in osteogenic and non-osteogenic sports on bone development in adolescent male athletes. The PRO-BONE study. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:404-409. [PMID: 28886923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research investigating the longitudinal effects of the most popular sports on bone development in adolescent males is scarce. The aim is to investigate the effect of 12-month participation in osteogenic and non-osteogenic sports on bone development. DESIGN A 12-month study was conducted in adolescent males involved in football, swimming and cycling and compared with an active control group. METHODS 116 adolescent males (13.1±0.1years at baseline): 37 footballers, 37 swimmers, 28 cyclists and 14 active controls were followed for 12 months. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone stiffness was measured by quantitative ultrasound. Bone outcomes at 12 months were adjusted for baseline bone status, age, height, lean mass and moderate to vigorous physical activity. RESULTS Footballers had higher improvement in adjusted BMC at the total body, total hip, shaft, Ward's triangle, legs and bone stiffness compared to cyclists (6.3-8.0%). Footballers had significantly higher adjusted BMC at total body, shaft and legs compared to swimmers (5.4-5.6%). There was no significant difference between swimmers and cyclists for any bone outcomes. Swimming and cycling participation resulted in non-significant lower bone development at most sites of the skeleton compared to controls (-4.3 to -0.6%). CONCLUSIONS Football participation induces significantly greater improvements in BMC and bone stiffness over 12 months compared to cycling and swimming. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17982776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Brad Metcalf
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Castro Pinero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
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VLACHOPOULOS DIMITRIS, UBAGO-GUISADO ESTHER, BARKER ALANR, METCALF BRADS, FATOUROS IOANNISG, AVLONITI ALEXANDRA, KNAPP KARENM, MORENO LUISA, WILLIAMS CRAIGA, GRACIA-MARCO LUIS. Determinants of Bone Outcomes in Adolescent Athletes at Baseline. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1389-1396. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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VLACHOPOULOS DIMITRIS, BARKER ALANR, WILLIAMS CRAIGA, ARNGRíMSSON SIGURBJA, KNAPP KARENM, METCALF BRADS, FATOUROS IOANNISG, MORENO LUISA, GRACIA-MARCO LUIS. The Impact of Sport Participation on Bone Mass and Geometry in Male Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:317-326. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lynch KR, Kemper HCG, Turi-Lynch B, Agostinete RR, Ito IH, Luiz-De-Marco R, Rodrigues-Junior MA, Fernandes RA. Impact sports and bone fractures among adolescents. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2421-2426. [PMID: 28026207 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1272708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different sports on stress fractures among adolescents during a 9-month follow-up period. The sample was composed of 184 adolescents divided into three groups (impact sports [n = 102]; swimming [n = 35]; non-sports [n = 47]). The occurrence of stress fracture was reported by participants and coaches. As potential confounders we considered age, sex, resistance training, body composition variables and age at peak of height velocity. There were 13 adolescents who reported fractures during the 9-month period. Bone mineral density values were higher in adolescents engaged in impact sports (P-value = 0.002). Independently of confounders, the risk of stress fracture was lower in adolescents engaged in impact sports than in non-active adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05 to 0.98]), while swimming practice was not associated to lower risk of fracture (HR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.09 to 2.55]). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate the importance of sports participation among adolescents in the reduction of stress fracture risk, especially with impact sports. More importantly, these results could be relevant for recognising adolescents in danger of not reaching their potential for peak bone mass and later an increased risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Lynch
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Han C G Kemper
- c Department of Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bruna Turi-Lynch
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Agostinete
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,d Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
| | - Igor H Ito
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Rafael Luiz-De-Marco
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
| | - Mario A Rodrigues-Junior
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.,b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil.,d Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
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Ubago-Guisado E, García-Unanue J, López-Fernández J, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Gallardo L. Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1484-1492. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1223328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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