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Watanabe H, Kadokura Y, Sugi T, Saito K, Nagashima K. Influence of sustained mild dehydration on thermoregulatory and cognitive functions during prolonged moderate exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05548-6. [PMID: 38985305 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study investigated whether sustained mild dehydration affects thermoregulatory function and cognitive performance during prolonged exercise. METHODS Twelve young adults performed a test consisting of three sets of 20-min exercise with 2-min intervals under euhydrated (control, CON) and mildly dehydrated conditions (MDEH) at an ambient temperature of 30 °C and 60% relative humidity. MDEH was established by restricting water intake for 24 h, resulting in urine specific gravity of ≥ 1.020. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), skin blood flow (SkBF), sweat rate (SR) on the chest and forearm, and ear canal and mean skin surface temperatures (Tear and mean Tskin, respectively) were continuously recorded. For each exercise set, thermal and humid sensations and thermal discomfort were assessed using visual analog scales (VAS), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was estimated. Cognitive performance on the Go/No-Go (easy) and incongruent Stroop (difficult) tasks was assessed before and after the test. RESULTS No differences were observed in HR, MAP, SkBF, SR, Tear, and mean Tskin between the CON and MDEH. Thermal and humidity sensations, thermal discomfort, and RPE were higher in MDEH than in CON. Moreover, response time to the Stroop task was prolonged in MDEH. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sustained mild dehydration does not affect autonomic thermoregulation during exercise. Augmented thermal perception and perceived exertion, which are necessary for behavioral thermoregulation, were noted; however, cognitive function may be attenuated under MDEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Watanabe
- Institute for Energy and Environmental System, Sustainable Energy & Environmental Society Open Innovation Research Organization, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1698555, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 3591192, Japan
- Body Temperature and Fluid Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 3591192, Japan
| | - Yuma Kadokura
- Infrastructure Systems Research & Development Center, Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 2129595, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sugi
- Body Temperature and Fluid Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 3591192, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Saito
- Institute for Energy and Environmental System, Sustainable Energy & Environmental Society Open Innovation Research Organization, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1698555, Japan
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1698555, Japan
| | - Kei Nagashima
- Institute for Energy and Environmental System, Sustainable Energy & Environmental Society Open Innovation Research Organization, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1698555, Japan.
- Body Temperature and Fluid Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 3591192, Japan.
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Neubrand LB, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Towards non-invasive tissue hydration measurements with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300532. [PMID: 38735734 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The attenuation coefficient ( μ OCT ) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to determine tissue hydration. Previous dual-wavelength OCT systems could not attain the needed precision, which we attribute to the absence of wavelength-dependent scattering of tissue in the underlying model. Assuming that scattering can be described using two parameters, we propose a triple/quadrupole-OCT system to achieve clinically relevant precision in water volume fraction. In this study, we conduct a quantitative analysis to determine the necessary precision of μ OCT measurements and compare it with numerical simulation. Our findings emphasize that achieving a clinically relevant assessment of a 2% water fraction requires determining the attenuation coefficient with a remarkable precision of 0.01 m m - 1 . This precision threshold is influenced by the chosen wavelength for attenuation measurement and can be enhanced through the inclusion of a fourth wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda B Neubrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang B, Wan B, Chen S, Zhang Y, Bai X, Xiao W, Tang C, Long B. A Systematic review of the factors that affect soccer players' short-passing ability-based on the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:96. [PMID: 38671510 PMCID: PMC11055388 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study synthesizes evidence from the Loughborough Passing Test to evaluate the short-passing ability of soccer players and summarizes the reported variables that affect this ability to provide support for the development and improvement of short-passing abilities in soccer players. METHODS In this systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOhost from inception to July 2023 to identify relevant articles from the accessible literature. Only studies that used the Loughborough test to assess athletes' short-passing ability were included. The quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the PEDro scale, and two authors independently completed the data extraction. RESULTS Based on the type of intervention or influencing factor, ten studies investigated training, nine studies investigated fatigue, nine studies investigated supplement intake, and five studies investigated other factors. CONCLUSION Evidence indicates that fitness training, small-sided games training, and warm-up training have positive effects on athletes' short-passing ability, high-intensity special-position training and water intake have no discernible impact, mental and muscular exhaustion have a significantly negative effect, and the effect of nutritional ergogenic aid intake is not yet clear. Future research should examine more elements that can affect soccer players' short-passing ability. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://inplasy.com/ ., identifier: INPLASY20237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Bin Wan
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Changfa Tang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China.
| | - Bo Long
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China.
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Soósné Kiss Z, Vitrai J, Takács J, Lukács J, Falus A, Feith H. Peer education program to improve fluid consumption in primary schools-lessons learned from an innovative pilot study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26769. [PMID: 38439890 PMCID: PMC10909701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is widely recognized that more attention needs to be paid to children's fluid intake, there is little information on how to improve it. Peer education has been suggested as an effective approach to changing health behaviors among school children. As a new approach, our study piloted a peer education program to improve children's fluid intake in primary schools. Methods University students were prepared for their role as peer educators in an elective university course, including the concept of peer education and different pedagogical methods. The peer educators evaluated the training process by completing a questionnaire. The intervention took place during a School Health Day led by the peer educators. An anonymous survey with a questionnaire on knowledge of fluid intake was administered two weeks before, at the end of, and 15 weeks after the intervention. Changes in hydration knowledge were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. Results The pilot program showed increased knowledge about fluid consumption (p < 0.001) in lower and upper primary school children (N = 326) at the end of the School Health Day compared to pre-intervention measures. A positive change was observed after 15 weeks only in upper primary students. Feedback from peer educators was useful for fine-tuning the program. Conclusions This innovative program induced positive changes in knowledge about fluid intake in primary school children. The persistence of the changes differed between lower and upper primary school children. Based on the results, the intervention should be replicated to adapt the program to the needs of lower primary school children. Because the training of peer educators and the peer education program appeared to be successful, this program is worthy of international replication. This approach may also be suggested for other behavior change issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs. Soósné Kiss
- Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences Department of Preventive Health Sciences, Győr, Hungary
| | - J. Vitrai
- Széchenyi István University, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences Department of Preventive Health Sciences, Győr, Hungary
| | - J. Takács
- Semmelweis University, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J.Á. Lukács
- Semmelweis University, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- EDUVITAL Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H.J. Feith
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- EDUVITAL Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
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Tian S, Liang Z, Qiu F, Wang X. Physical activity on executive function in sedentary individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294251. [PMID: 38060501 PMCID: PMC10703253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been demonstrated to promote cognitive performance. However, the relationship between physical activity and executive function (EF) in sedentary individuals is not fully understood. This meta-analysis examined the impact of physical activity on EF in sedentary individuals and evaluated potential moderators of the relationship between physical activity and EF. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched. Included studies had to report sedentary individuals randomized to either a physical activity group or a control group. Subgroup analyses of EF sub-domains, exercise prescription and age were conducted alongside the overall meta-analysis. Thirteen RCT studies were included, with a total of 752 participants. Results showed a small to moderate beneficial effect of physical activity on EF (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.40). In subgroup analysis by EF sub-domains, physical activity enhanced inhibitory control (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.63) and working memory (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.49), but not cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.41). Interventions with an intervention length > 12 weeks improved overall EF (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46), but intervention length ≤ 12 weeks did not (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.47). Interventions with session time ≥ 45 minutes improved overall EF (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77), but session time < 45 minutes did not (0.17, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.44). Physical activity improves EF for older adults (age ≥ 60 years) (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.42), but not for younger individuals (age < 60 years) (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.59). Overall, physical activity has a beneficial effect on EF in sedentary individuals, although the influence may be domain specific and influenced by exercise prescription and age. These findings have practical implications for those seeking to improve EF in sedentary individuals through physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Tian
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zhide Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fanghui Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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Shaw DM, Harrell JW. Integrating physiological monitoring systems in military aviation: a brief narrative review of its importance, opportunities, and risks. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:2242-2254. [PMID: 36946542 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2194592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Military pilots risk their lives during training and operations. Advancements in aerospace engineering, flight profiles, and mission demands may require the pilot to test the safe limits of their physiology. Monitoring pilot physiology (e.g. heart rate, oximetry, and respiration) inflight is in consideration by several nations to inform pilots of reduced performance capacity and guide future developments in aircraft and life-support system design. Numerous challenges, however, prevent the immediate operationalisation of physiological monitoring sensors, particularly their unreliability in the aerospace environment and incompatibility with pilot clothing and protective equipment. Human performance and behaviour are also highly variable and measuring these in controlled laboratory settings do not mirror the real-world conditions pilots must endure. Misleading or erroneous predictive models are unacceptable as these could compromise mission success and lose operator trust. This narrative review provides an overview of considerations for integrating physiological monitoring systems within the military aviation environment.Practitioner summary: Advancements in military technology can conflictingly enhance and compromise pilot safety and performance. We summarise some of the opportunities, limitations, and risks of integrating physiological monitoring systems within military aviation. Our intent is to catalyse further research and technological development.Abbreviations: AGS: anti-gravity suit; AGSM: anti-gravity straining manoeuvre; A-LOC: almost loss of consciousness; CBF: cerebral blood flow; ECG: electrocardiogram; EEG: electroencephalogram; fNIRS: functional near-infrared spectroscopy; G-forces: gravitational forces; G-LOC: gravity-induced loss of consciousness; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart rate variability; LSS: life-support system; NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation; PE: Physiological Episode; PCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PO2: partial pressure of oxygen; OBOGS: on board oxygen generating systems; SpO2: peripheral blood haemoglobin-oxygen saturation; STANAG: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Standardisation Agreement; UPE: Unexplained Physiological Episode; WBV: whole body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Shaw
- Aviation Medicine Unit, Royal New Zealand Air Force Base Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John W Harrell
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
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Song Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Lin G, He L, Lin Z, Zhang N, Ma G. The Amount of Fluid Intake among Pregnant Women in China Increases with Pregnancy Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4720. [PMID: 38004114 PMCID: PMC10675010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may have influences on maternal and infant health. However, few studies have recorded and analyzed total fluid intake (TFI) levels during the whole pregnancy. This study mainly aimed to investigate the TFI levels of pregnant women in three trimesters, and further to assess their hydration status. The relationships of TFI and hydration status were also analyzed. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit pregnant women from the Haikou Maternity and Child Health Hospital in China in this prospective cohort study. A 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire was used for recording the fluid intake of the participants in their three trimesters. Fasting blood samples and first morning urine samples were also collected and tested. Hydration status was evaluated using urine osmolality. Finally, 142 pregnant women completed the study. The median TFIs in the first, second, and third trimesters were 1336, 1477, and 1584 mL, respectively. The TFI levels increased with pregnancy progression (χ2 = 134.155, p < 0.05). Out of 142 participants, 100.0%, 97.2%, and 85.2% of participants did not reach the recommendation amount for an adequate TFI among Chinese pregnant women in the three trimesters, respectively (χ2 = 29.840, p < 0.05). Plain water was the main source of fluid intake, accounting for 92.0%, 94.2%, and 93.4% of TFI, respectively. The median values of dairy product intake were 61, 57, and 59 mL in the three trimesters. The frequency of participants without an optimal hydration status in the three trimesters was 71.8%, 76.1%, and 83.1%, respectively (χ2 = 29.909, p < 0.05). The participants of each trimester were divided into four groups according to quartiles of TFI, including participants with a lower fluid intake (LFI1 and LFI2) and higher fluid intake (HFI1 and HFI2). As the TFI values increased from the LFI1 group to the HFI2 group, the urine osmolality decreased (all p < 0.05). Moderate-intensity negative correlations were found between urine osmolality, hydration status, and TFI (all p < 0.05). It is suggested that fluid intake strategies should be promoted and health education should be conducted to improve the hydration status of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China; (F.Z.)
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Guotian Lin
- School of Health Medicine, University of Sanya, 191 Xue Yuan Road, Jiyang District, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Limin He
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China; (F.Z.)
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, 6 Wen Tan Road, Guo Xing Avenue, Qiongshan District, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (G.M.)
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (G.M.)
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Wu D, Qu C, Huang P, Geng X, Zhang J, Shen Y, Rao Z, Zhao J. Water Intake and Handgrip Strength in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES 2011-2014 Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:4477. [PMID: 37892552 PMCID: PMC10609934 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily total intake of water (DTIW) and handgrip strength (HGS) among US adults and to explore the impact of water intake on muscle function and health, providing a reference for public health policies and health education. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted to analyze 5427 adults (48.37% female and 51.63% male) aged 20 years and above. DTIW was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recall interviews, and the HGS level was measured using a Takei Dynamometer. Weighted generalized linear regression models and restricted cubic spline plots were used to analyze the linear and nonlinear associations between DTIW and HGS level and to conduct a gender subgroup analysis and an interaction effect test. The results showed that there were significant differences in HGS and other characteristics among different quartile groups of DTIW (p < 0.05). There was a significant nonlinear trend (exhibiting an inverted U-curve) between DTIW and HGS (p for nonlinear = 0.0044), with a cut-off point of 2663 g/day. Gender subgroup analysis showed that the nonlinear trend (exhibiting an inverted U-curve) was significant only in males (p for nonlinear = 0.0016), with a cut-off point of 2595 g/day. None of the stratified variables had an interaction effect on the association between DTIW and HGS (p for interaction > 0.05). In conclusion, this study found a nonlinear association between DTIW and HGS levels, as well as a gender difference. This finding provides new clues and directions for exploring the mechanism of the impact of DTIW on muscle function and health and also provides new evidence and suggestions for adults to adjust their water intake reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Wu
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100763, China;
| | - Yulin Shen
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijian Rao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (D.W.); (C.Q.); (P.H.); (X.G.); (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
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9
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Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Hydration Status in Older Adults: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112609. [PMID: 37299572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate hydration is essential for the maintenance of health and physiological functions in humans. However, many older adults do not maintain adequate hydration, which is under-recognized and poorly managed. Older adults are more vulnerable to dehydration, especially those living with multiple chronic diseases. Dehydration is associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, and acts as an independent factor of the hospital length of stay, readmission, intensive care, in-hospital mortality, and poor prognosis. Dehydration is a prevalent health problem in older adults, accounting for substantial economic and social burden. This review attempts to provide current knowledge of hydration including patterns of body water turnover, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, the effects of dehydration on the health of the body, and practical guidance for low-intake dehydration in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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10
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Gbadago BK, Antiaye J, Boachie J, Adu P. Drinking recommended daily water significantly alters haemato-biochemical parameters in prospective blood donors; a one-center quasi-experimental study in a tropical setting. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 102:102757. [PMID: 37267697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevailing high ambient temperatures should warrant increased daily water intake (DWI) to prevent haemo-concentration and its potential to confound patients' laboratory data. AIM To assess the impact that the recommended DWI has on the haemato-biochemical variables in a tropical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS This quasi-experimental study recruited 101 apparently healthy individuals (18-60 years) in the Bawku municipality. DWI, anthropometrics, and haemato-biochemical variables were assessed at baseline. Participants were encouraged to increase their DWI to ≥4 L over a 30-day period; haemato-biochemical variables were re-evaluated. Total body water (TBW) was anthropometrically estimated. RESULTS The median post-treatment DWI significantly increased; consequently, anaemia cases increased by >20-fold (2.0 % vs 47.5 % post-treatment). RBC count, platelet count, WBC count, and median haemoglobin significantly decreased compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). Biochemically, median plasma osmolality (p < 0.0001), serum sodium (p < 0.0001), serum potassium (p = 0.0012) and random blood sugar (p = 0.0403) significantly decreased. Compared to baseline, significantly higher proportion of participants classified as thrombocytopenic (8.9 % vs 3.0 %), hyponatraemia (10.9 % vs 2.0 %), or normal osmolarity (77.2 % vs 20.8 %). There were differential bivariate correlations between pre- and post-treatment haemato-biochemical variables. CONCLUSION Sub-optimal DWI is a likely confounder in haemato-biochemical data interpretation in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Kekeli Gbadago
- Bawku Presbyterian Hospital, Bawku, Upper East Region, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health, Sciences College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Juliet Antiaye
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joseph Boachie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health, Sciences College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Patrick Adu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health, Sciences College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
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11
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Song Y, Zhang F, Lin G, Wang X, He L, Li Y, Zhai Y, Zhang N, Ma G. A Study of the Fluid Intake, Hydration Status, and Health Effects among Pregnant Women in Their Second Trimester in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071739. [PMID: 37049579 PMCID: PMC10096982 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may influence the health outcomes of both the mother and the fetus. However, there are few studies related to this. The aim of the present study was to investigate fluid intake behaviors among pregnant women in their second trimester, to evaluate their hydration status and pregnancy complications, and to further explore the association of fluid intake and the amniotic fluid index (AFI). Participants’ total fluid intake (TFI) levels were determined using a 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. The levels of water intake from food were not recorded or measured. Morning urine samples were collected, and both urine osmolality levels and urine specific gravity (USG) were tested to evaluate their hydration status. Fasting blood samples were also collected and measured for osmolality and complete blood count (CBC). A total of 324 participants completed the study. They were divided into four groups based on quartiles of TFI, including participants with lower (LFI1 and LFI2) and higher (HFI1 and HFI2) fluid intake levels. The median TFI was 1485 mL, and the median values of the four groups with different TFI levels were 1348, 1449, 1530, and 1609 mL, respectively. Only 3.4% of the participants attained the recommended value following an adequate water intake (1.7 L) level for pregnant women in China. Plain water was the main TFI resource (78.8~100.00%), and differences in the plain water intake levels among the four groups were evident (χ2 = 222.027, p < 0.05). The urine osmolality decreased sequentially with increasing TFI values from the LFI1 to HFI2 group, and significant differences in the urine osmolality levels among the four groups were evident (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of dehydrated participants decreased from 26.8% in the LFI1 group to 0.0% in the HFI2 group (χ2 = 131.241, p < 0.05). Participants with higher TFI values had higher AFI values (χ2 = 58.386, all p < 0.05), and moderate-intensity correlations were found between TFI and urine osmolality, hydration status, and AFI (all p < 0.05). A large proportion of the participants had insufficient TFIs during the second trimester of pregnancy, and a proportion of the participants were dehydrated. The preliminary analysis showed that the AFI was correlated with the TFI during the second trimester of pregnancy. A sufficient TFI is necessary for pregnant women to improve their hydration status and may have effects on their health. The results can provide appropriate scientific references for the development of beneficial recommendations concerning adequate water intake levels for pregnant women in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Guotian Lin
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Limin He
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yufei Zhai
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xue Yuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Nishi SK, Babio N, Paz-Graniel I, Serra-Majem L, Vioque J, Fitó M, Corella D, Pintó X, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Diez-Ricote L, Martinez JA, Gómez-Martínez C, González-Botella A, Castañer O, Alvarez-Sala A, Montesdeoca-Mendoza C, Fanlo-Maresma M, Cano-Ibáñez N, Bouzas C, Daimiel L, Zulet MÁ, Sievenpiper JL, Rodriguez KL, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Salas-Salvadó J. Water intake, hydration status and 2-year changes in cognitive performance: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:82. [PMID: 36882739 PMCID: PMC9993798 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water intake and hydration status have been suggested to impact cognition; however, longitudinal evidence is limited and often inconsistent. This study aimed to longitudinally assess the association between hydration status and water intake based on current recommendations, with changes in cognition in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS A prospective analysis was conducted of a cohort of 1957 adults (aged 55-75) with overweight/obesity (BMI between ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2) and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants had completed bloodwork and validated, semiquantitative beverage and food frequency questionnaires at baseline, as well as an extensive neuropsychological battery of 8 validated tests at baseline and 2 years of follow-up. Hydration status was determined by serum osmolarity calculation and categorized as < 295 mmol/L (hydrated), 295-299.9 mmol/L (impending dehydration), and ≥ 300 mmol/L (dehydrated). Water intake was assessed as total drinking water intake and total water intake from food and beverages and according to EFSA recommendations. Global cognitive function was determined as a composite z-score summarizing individual participant results from all neuropsychological tests. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations between baseline hydration status and fluid intake, continuously and categorically, with 2-year changes in cognitive performance. RESULTS The mean baseline daily total water intake was 2871 ± 676 mL/day (2889 ± 677 mL/day in men; 2854 ± 674 mL/day in women), and 80.2% of participants met the ESFA reference values for an adequate intake. Serum osmolarity (mean 298 ± 24 mmol/L, range 263 to 347 mmol/L) indicated that 56% of participants were physiologically dehydrated. Lower physiological hydration status (i.e., greater serum osmolarity) was associated with a greater decline in global cognitive function z-score over a 2-year period (β: - 0.010; 95% CI - 0.017 to - 0.004, p-value = 0.002). No significant associations were observed between water intake from beverages and/or foods with 2-year changes in global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Reduced physiological hydration status was associated with greater reductions in global cognitive function over a 2-year period in older adults with metabolic syndrome and overweight or obesity. Future research assessing the impact of hydration on cognitive performance over a longer duration is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry, ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Diez-Ricote
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olga Castañer
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Montesdeoca-Mendoza
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Fanlo-Maresma
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada, IBS-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly L Rodriguez
- Departament of Occupational Risk Prevention, Virgen de la Arrixaca's Hospital (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Donnan KJ, Williams EL, Stanger N. The effect of exercise-induced fatigue and heat exposure on soccer-specific decision-making during high-intensity intermittent exercise. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279109. [PMID: 36520792 PMCID: PMC9754236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and the globalisation of sport has increased the prevalence of sports competitions being held in hot environments. However, there is currently limited research investigating the impact of the heat on soccer-specific decision-making skills during exercise reflective of the physical demands of match-play. Therefore, the effects of heat exposure on physical and soccer-specific decision-making performance, biological markers (i.e., metanephrines), appraisal (i.e., challenge vs. threat) and affective states, during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise were investigated. Nine well-trained male soccer players completed a 92-min cycling intermittent sprint protocol (CISP), whilst simultaneously responding to a series of soccer-specific decision-making trials at various time points, in two temperature conditions: hot (32°C, 50%rh) and temperate (18°C, 50%rh). Results showed that decision-making score (p = .030) was impaired in the hot compared to the temperate condition. There was a reduced workload in the second half during the hot condition (p = .016), which coincided with a heightened threat state (p = .007) and more unpleasant feelings (p = .008) experienced in the hot, compared to temperate, condition. Furthermore, plasma normetanephrine (NMET) was higher at half-time (p = .012) and post-CISP (p ≤ .001). Also, plasma metanephrine (MET) was higher post-CISP (p = .009) in the hot compared to temperate condition, reflecting a heightened stress response. Our findings highlight the need for practitioners to consider the detrimental effects heat exposure can have on both physical and decision-making performance when looking to facilitate performance in hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J. Donnan
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily L. Williams
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stanger
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Storey HM, Austin J, Davies-White NL, Ransley DG, Hodkinson PD. Navigating Pregnancy for Employees in Civilian Rotary-Wing Aeromedicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:866-876. [PMID: 36757253 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6115.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Women of child-bearing age make up an ever-increasing element of the aeromedical workforce in Australia and the UK. However, policy relating to the management of risk for pregnant employees in this sector is often missing or inadequate, with many women facing detrimental impacts on their career progression and financial well-being. For women who choose to continue flying, there is a lack of transparent guidance about the risks of flying within a helicopter in an aeromedical role. While grounding pregnant employees removes some risks, it is at the cost of autonomy and brings other adverse effects for the employee and employer. Updated reflections on this important topic will empower the audience to make informed discussions around pregnancy in aeromedical roles.TOPIC: Applying principles from literature surrounding commercial, military, and medical aviation, the risks to pregnant employees and the fetus are reviewed. These risks are complex and dynamic depending on gestation and underlying medical problems; thus, individualization of risk management is of key importance. In low-risk pregnancies, incapacitation risk is below the usual threshold adopted for safety-sensitive aviation activities. Based on available evidence we have quantified risks where possible and provide guidance on the relevant factors to consider in creating a holistic risk-management framework. The greatest unknown surrounds the risk from vibration, noise, and winching. These are reviewed and suggestions given for discussing this risk. We also highlight the need for policy providing acceptable nonflying options to remove the pressure to continue flying in pregnancy.APPLICATION: Based on a literature review we have generated a framework for understanding and assessing risk relating to pregnant employees in the aeromedical sector. This is intended for use by aeromedical organizations, pregnant employees, and their treating medical practitioners to provide rational and sensible policy and guidance.Storey HM, Austin J, Davies-White NL, Ransley DG, Hodkinson PD. Navigating pregnancy for employees in civilian rotary-wing aeromedicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(12):866-876.
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15
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Reid MB. Redox Implications of Extreme Task Performance: The Case in Driver Athletes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050899. [PMID: 35269521 PMCID: PMC8909750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis and redox-mediated signaling mechanisms are fundamental elements of human biology. Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) modulate a range of functional processes at the cellular, tissue, and systemic levels in healthy humans. Conversely, excess ROS or RNS activity can disrupt function, impairing the performance of daily activities. This article analyzes the impact of redox mechanisms on extreme task performance. Such activities (a) require complex motor skills, (b) are physically demanding, (c) are performed in an extreme environment, (d) require high-level executive function, and (e) pose an imminent risk of injury or death. The current analysis utilizes race car driving as a representative example. The physiological challenges of this extreme task include physical exertion, g loading, vibration, heat exposure, dehydration, noise, mental demands, and emotional factors. Each of these challenges stimulates ROS signaling, RNS signaling, or both, alters redox homeostasis, and exerts pro-oxidant effects at either the tissue or systemic levels. These redox mechanisms appear to promote physiological stress during race car driving and impair the performance of driver athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Reid
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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16
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Campbell-Staton SC, Walker RH, Rogers SA, De León J, Landecker H, Porter W, Mathewson PD, Long RA. Physiological costs of undocumented human migration across the southern United States border. Science 2021; 374:1496-1500. [PMID: 34914507 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Campbell-Staton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reena H Walker
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Savannah A Rogers
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jason De León
- Department of Anthropology and Chicana, Chicano, and Central American Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Landecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Sociology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul D Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan A Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Ali-Baya G, Zenile E, Aikins BO, Amoaning RE, Simpong DL, Adu P. Poor haemoglobin-haematocrit agreement in apparently healthy adult population; a cross-sectional study in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07720. [PMID: 34401592 PMCID: PMC8353477 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study estimated total body water (TBW), daily water intake (DWI) and haemoglobin-haematocrit relationship in adults in a tropical environment where active lifestyles could precipitate plasma volume contraction. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 170 participants, and was carried out between February 2018 and May 2018 at University of Cape Coast. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain demographic data and DWI. Five ml of venous blood sample was drawn for full blood count, haemoglobin variant determination, serum sodium and potassium levels. TBW was estimated using Chumlea's anthropometric equation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 under two-tail assumption. Results Whereas 72.3% had low haematocrit, only 22.4% were anaemic per haemoglobin cut-off demonstrating a poor haemoglobin-haematocrit correlation. Also, whereas 30% of participants had low TBW, 22.9% had hypernatraemia, with 97.1% reporting DWI of <3 L. Bland-Altman plot showed that calculated haematocrit (HCT = Hb∗3) underestimated HCT by a factor of 1.788 (p = 0.0314). A scatter-plot showed a trend towards higher haematocrit-haemoglobin deviations as haemoglobin increased. Furthermore, 32.6% of participants with normal haemoglobin levels had low TBW. Moreover, whereas haemoglobin and serum K+ significantly positively correlated to TBW, serum Na+ was inversely related to TBW. Conclusion The low DWI is suggestive that measuring plasma volume and/or haemoglobin mass may be required to correctly diagnose anaemia.
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Périard JD, Eijsvogels TMH, Daanen HAM. Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1873-1979. [PMID: 33829868 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on how exercise-heat stress disrupts these homeostatic processes, leading to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances, and in some cases exertional heat illness. The impact of heat stress on human performance is also examined, including the underlying physiological mechanisms that mediate the impairment of exercise performance. Similarly, the influence of hydration status on performance in the heat and how systemic and peripheral hemodynamic adjustments contribute to fatigue development is elucidated. This review also discusses strategies to mitigate the effects of hyperthermia and hypohydration on exercise performance in the heat by examining the benefits of heat acclimation, cooling strategies, and hyperhydration. Finally, contemporary controversies are summarized and future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australia
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A M Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ashworth ET, Cotter JD, Kilding AE. Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment. Mil Med Res 2020; 7:58. [PMID: 33248459 PMCID: PMC7700709 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation (HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice (< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tom Ashworth
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Rosedale, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
| | - James David Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9016 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Edward Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Rosedale, Auckland, 0632 New Zealand
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Armstrong LE, Giersch GEW, Colburn AT, Lopez V, Sekiguchi Y, Muñoz CX, Lee EC. Progression of human subjective perceptions during euhydration, mild dehydration, and drinking. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113211. [PMID: 33141048 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thirst motivates consumption of water necessary for optimal health and cognitive-physiological functions. Other than thirst, little is known about coexisting perceptions and moods that provide information to the brain and participate in body water homeostasis. The purpose of this investigation was to observe perceptions, somatic sensations, and moods during controlled changes of hydration status. During routine daily activities interspersed with laboratory visits, 18 healthy young men (age, 23±3 y; body mass, 80.13±10.61 kg) self-reported hourly ratings (visual analog scales, VAS) of 17 subjective perceptions, across two 24-h periods (ad libitum food and water intake while euhydrated; water restriction with dry food intake [WR]) and during a 30-min rehydration session (R30, 1.46±0.47 L water intake). At the end of WR, body mass loss reached 1.67 kg (2.12%). Distinct perceptions were identified during euhydration, WR and immediately after R30. Starting approximately 4 h after WR began (body mass loss of ∼0.5%), perceptual changes included progressively intensifying ratings of thirst, mouth dryness, desire for water, and pleasantness of drinking. In comparison, immediately after R30, participants reported a reversal of the perceptions observed during WR (above) plus cooler thermal sensation, increased satisfaction, and stomach fullness. These VAS ratings suggested that aversive moods contributed to drinking behavior and supported previously published animal studies. In conclusion, this investigation delineates previously unreported perceptions and their evolution (e.g., appearance, extinction, time course) that motivated drinking during WR and discouraged overdrinking after R30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Armstrong
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Gabrielle E W Giersch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Abigail T Colburn
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Virgilio Lopez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Colleen X Muñoz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, 06117 United States.
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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21
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[The importance of water consumption in health and disease prevention: the current situation]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:1072-1086. [PMID: 32960634 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Water is an essential nutrient for life and the most abundant component in the human body. However, its dietary recommendations or clinical management guidelines do not receive as much attention as they deserve. In addition, there are some obstacles to establishing optimal values, both for the amount of water the body must contain and for water ingestion. Water intake and elimination depend on unsteady factors that are difficult to measure and, at the same time, compensated by the body's ability to regulate homeostasis. Since scientific evidence is lacking for establishing recommendations, "adequate intakes" (to maintain an adequate hydration state) have been estimated using data on water intake from groups of healthy people. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also considers desirable the use of urine osmolarity to estimate the adequacy of water intake in adults. Clinical studies have generally shown the benefits of adequate hydration and the damage caused by water imbalance, whether quantitative (dehydration and overhydration) or qualitative (extracellular and intracellular water). Unfortunately, these studies are few and often have poor cross-sectional, case-control, or prospective designs, and use small samples or indirect methods to assess hydration status. This article presents up-to-date information on subjects such as: 1) compliance with water consumption recommendations and suggestions for improvement; 2) techniques available to measure hydration status and their clinical applications; 3) effects of hydration/dehydration on physical or cognitive activities and chronic diseases; and 4) existing Spanish regulations on the quality and salubrity of water.
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Adams WM, Wininger M, Zaplatosch ME, Hevel DJ, Maher JP, McGuirt JT. Influence of Nutrient Intake on 24 Hour Urinary Hydration Biomarkers Using a Clustering-Based Approach. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102933. [PMID: 32992692 PMCID: PMC7600929 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work focusing on understanding nutrient intake and its association with total body water homeostasis neglects to consider the collinearity of types of nutrients consumed and subsequent associations with hydration biomarkers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze consumption patterns of 23 a priori selected nutrients involved in osmotic homeostasis, as well as their association with 24 h urinary hydration markers among fifty African–American first-year college students through a repeated measures observation in a daily living setting. Through application of hierarchical clustering, we were able to identity four clusters of nutrients based on 24 h dietary recalls: (1) alcohol + pinitol, (2) water + calcium + magnesium + erythritol + inositol + sorbitol + xylitol, (3) total calories + total fat + total protein + potassium + sodium + zinc + phosphorous + arginine, and (4) total carbohydrates + total fiber + soluble fiber + insoluble fiber + mannitol + betaine. Furthermore, we found that consumption of nutrients in Cluster #2 was significantly predictive of urine osmolality (p = 0.004); no other clusters showed statistically significant associations with 24 h urinary hydration biomarkers. We conclude that there may be some nutrients that are commonly consumed concomitantly (at the day level), across a variety of settings and populations, and that a limited subset of the clustering of these nutrients may associate with body water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.E.Z.); (D.J.H.); (J.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-256-1455
| | - Michael Wininger
- Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT 06516, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mitchell E. Zaplatosch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.E.Z.); (D.J.H.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Derek J. Hevel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.E.Z.); (D.J.H.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Jaclyn P. Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.E.Z.); (D.J.H.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Jared T. McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
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Paternoster N, Baggio E, Pelosi E. Personalized hydratation status in endurance and ultra-endurance: A review. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to investigate the physiological mechanisms that underlie the hydro-electrolyte balance of the human body and the most appropriate hydration modalities for individuals involved in physical and sports activities, with a focus on ultra-endurance events. The role of effective hydration in achieving optimal sports performance is also investigated. An adequate pre-hydration is essential to perform physical and sporting activity in a condition of eu-hydration and to mantain physiologic levels of plasma electrolyte. To achieve these goals, athletes need to consume adequate drinks together with consuming meals and fluids, in order to provide an adequate absorption of the ingested fluids and the expulsion of those in excess through diuresis. Therefore, there are important differences between individuals in terms of sweating rates, the amount of electrolytes loss and the specific request of the discipline practiced and the sporting event to pursue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Paternoster
- Centro di Medicina, Venice, Italy
- Centro Medico Fisioterapico, Magenta, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Pelosi
- Poliambulatorio Vitalia, Torino, Italy
- Centro PET Irmet – Affidea, Torino, Italy
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Arena SK, Ellis E, Maas C, Pieters A, Quinnan A, Schlagel R, Hew-Butler T. Orthostatic Hypotension and Urine Specific Gravity Among Collegiate Athletes. Cureus 2020; 12:e8792. [PMID: 32724741 PMCID: PMC7381880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to describe orthostatic blood pressure (BP) and urine specific gravity (USG) among collegiate athletes and then to examine if correlations between these variables could support use of orthostatic hypotension (OH) measures to screen for dehydration. Methods A prospective observational study was performed using a sample of convenience of collegiate athletes. Athlete's sex and sport were recorded in addition to height, weight, seated and standing BP and USG measured at a pre- and post-season encounter. An OH response was defined as either the systolic BP decreasing ≥ 15 mmHg or the diastolic BP decreasing ≥ 7 mmHg when transitioning from sit to stand. The USG was considered positive for dehydration if >1.020. Descriptive statistics, pairwise t-tests, and the Spearman version of the correlation coefficient were used with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results Eighty athletes met inclusion criteria. Six athletes had an OH response during pre-season and three during post-season. Increased frequencies of athletes testing positive for dehydration were identified during the post-season compared to pre-season measures. No significant association was identified between OH and elevated USG. A secondary analysis identified significant associations between athletes with increased height and OH responses and correlations between higher BP and USG. Conclusion This study identified collegiate athletes with pre- and post-season OH as well as athletes with USG measures meeting the threshold for dehydration. While no correlation between OH and USG was identified, findings suggest screening of both BP and hydration status among collegiate athletes may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Arena
- Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
| | - Emily Ellis
- Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
| | - Carly Maas
- Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
| | - Alex Pieters
- Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
| | - Amy Quinnan
- Physical Therapy, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Tamara Hew-Butler
- College of Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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Teachers' Perceptions and Understanding of Children's Fluid Intake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114050. [PMID: 32517146 PMCID: PMC7312562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
No public health data exists on elementary teachers’ perceptions of both their own fluid intake and of their elementary school aged children’s fluid intake. A total of 271 (20 males, 251 females) teachers in developed areas of Australia, Belgium, England, Ireland, United Arab Emirates, and the United States of America completed an online questionnaire (Feb–Mar 2019) on: (i) their fluid intake, (ii) their perception and understanding of children’s fluid intake and (iii) barriers in the school day that they felt prevented school children consuming fluids. Overall, the data indicated that teachers consume considerably lower amounts than recommended themselves, but have a good awareness of children’s fluid intake and estimate children drink approximately half (1 litre (34% n = 93)) of what is recommended per day. The results were also similar to those reported by children previously. Yet, the data highlighted a lack of active encouragement of drinking water throughout the school day by teachers, with only 11% (n = 29) suggesting they actively encourage children to drink and 45% (n = 123) reporting no active encouragement at all. It is recommended as a public health measure that all school children consume an extra cup of water during lunch times in those schools where water intake was recognized as sub optimal. Furthermore, depending on weather conditions, a cup of water before, during and after Physical Education lessons should be encouraged by teachers. Water coolers or bottles may be used as a supplementary resource, provided that hygiene is maintained. From an educational perspective, more professional development needs to be provided to teachers on the importance of regular water consumption, and more time dedicated across the elementary curriculum to educational understanding of fluid consumption.
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Gerhart HD, Fiorentini AB, Storti KL, Alman R, Bayles MP, Pesci L, Seo Y. Psychophysiological Responses in Emergency Medical Technician Students during Simulated Work Activities in a Hot Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103443. [PMID: 32429061 PMCID: PMC7277656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compared physiological responses and cognitive performance during simulated work activities in heat to a thermoneutral condition. First responders perform physically demanding activities in a hot environment which may impose additional burdens on tactical personnel during daily tasks. Ten healthy (8 men and 2 women) participants performed two consecutive simulated work activities with two repetitions of each activity (10 min walking on treadmill and 15 sandbag lifts) under heat and thermoneutral conditions. A Stroop color word test (SCWT) and total mood disturbance (TMD) were obtained at first and second baseline (B1, B2), after a 30-min resting period (B3), and recovery (R1). At the end of the trial, core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (tsk), and mean body temperature (Tb) were higher in the heat condition compared to neutral condition (all p ≤ 0.05), whereas oxygen uptake, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were not significantly different between conditions. There were no differences in scores of SCWT and TMD between conditions. However, TMD was significantly improved after two successive bouts of exercise compared to B3 (all p ≤ 0.05). This investigation shows that two successive simulated work activities did not induce the detrimental influence on thermoregulatory and cognitive responses. Extended work activities in a hot and humid environment may impose a psychophysiological burden and need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden D. Gerhart
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Amy B. Fiorentini
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Kristi L. Storti
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Robert Alman
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Madeline P. Bayles
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Louis Pesci
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (H.D.G.); (A.B.F.); (K.L.S.); (R.A.); (M.P.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Yongsuk Seo
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-805-1342
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Zheng H, Fei J, Zhang L, Zhou W, Ding Z, Hu W. Risk factor analysis of insufficient fluid intake among urban adults in Wuxi, China: a classification and regression tree analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32131783 PMCID: PMC7057576 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydration due to insufficient fluid intake (IFI) is detrimental to health. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the fluid intake of urban adults in Wuxi, China, and to identify potential risk factors contributing to IFI. Methods Adults were selected from the urban area of Wuxi, China, using a multiple-stage random sampling method. The fluid intake information was obtained with a 24-h self-reported diary over seven consecutive days in both summer and winter of 2015. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was conducted to detect the potential risk factors associated with IFI. CART is a machine-learning algorithm that portions the data into subsets by threshold. Results A total of 584 adults aged 18–87 years were included. The results showed that the median (P25–P75) values of daily fluid intake of the participants were 1100 (800–1550) mL in summer and 1000 (750–1300) mL in winter. Women had a higher prevalence of IFI than men in both summer (odds ratio (OR) = 2.683, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.830–3.934) and winter (OR = 2.636, 95% CI: 1.677–4.142). The results of CART analysis showed that, in summer, BMI < 25 kg/m2 (probability: 64.2%) and age < 64 years (probability: 67.4%) were main risk factors of IFI for men, and BMI < 29 kg/m2 (probability: 81.6%) and living in C Community (probability: 86.7%) were main risk factors for women. In winter, age < 40 years (probability: 81.8%) and BMI < 20 kg/m2 (probability: 94.5%) were identified as main risk factors of IFI for men and women, respectively. Conclusions Most of the participants living in the study site had IFI. The fluid consumption varied by gender, age, location, and BMI. The findings could be useful for the implementation and optimization of intervention programs by identifying the individuals who may at greater risk of dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Juan Fei
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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Dehydration Impairs Physical Growth and Cognitive Development in Young Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030670. [PMID: 32121420 PMCID: PMC7146499 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infancy and childhood are periods of physical and cognitive development that are vulnerable to disruption by dehydration; however, the effects of dehydration on cognitive development during the periods have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study used a murine model to examine the effects of sustained dehydration on physical growth and cognitive development. Three-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either ad libitum (control group) or time-limited (15 min/day; dehydration group) access to water for 4 weeks. Physical growth was examined via a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scan, and cognitive development was assessed using the Barnes maze test. RNA-sequencing and qPCR analyses were carried out to assess the hippocampal transcriptome and the expression of key neurotrophic factors, respectively. These analyses showed that dehydrated mice exhibited a reduced body mass and tail length, and they spent four times longer completing the Barnes maze test than control mice. Moreover, dehydration significantly dysregulated long-term potentiation signaling and specifically decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression. Collectively, these data confirm dehydration inhibits physical growth and suggest that it impairs cognitive development by altering the hippocampal transcriptional network in young mice; thus, they highlight the importance of water as a vital nutrient for optimal growth and development during infancy and childhood.
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Martin K, Périard J, Rattray B, Pyne DB. Physiological Factors Which Influence Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel. HUMAN FACTORS 2020; 62:93-123. [PMID: 31009241 DOI: 10.1177/0018720819841757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and detail physiological factors that influence cognition in military personnel. BACKGROUND Maintenance of cognitive and task performance is important under several scenarios, none more so than in a military context. Personnel are prepared for and trained to tolerate many of the stressors they encounter; however, consideration of stressors typically extends only as far as the physical, psychological, and environmental requirements of a given task. While considering these factors certainly characterizes the broader picture, several physiological states and traits can influence cognition and thus, should also be considered. METHOD A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to January 2019. Eligibility criteria included current military personnel, an outcome of cognition, and the assessment of a physiological factor. RESULTS The search returned 60,564 records, of which 60 were included in the review. Eleven studies examined the impact of demographic factors on cognition, 16 examined fatigue, 10 investigated nutrition, and 24 the impact of biological factors on cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Factors identified as having a positive impact on cognition include aerobic fitness, nutritional supplementation, and visual acuity. In contrast, factors identified as having a negative impact include fatigue arising from sustained operations, dehydration, undernutrition, and an exaggerated physiological stress response to a cognitive task or a stressor. A further subset of these factors was considered modifiable. APPLICATION The modifiable factors identified provide avenues for training and preparation to enhance cognition in ways previously unconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Martin
- 2234 University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julien Périard
- 2234 University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- 2234 University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- 2234 University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Abstract
In the context of a rapidly ageing population, with an increasing prevalence of mood disorders and a greater incidence of physical illness in older adults, it is imperative that their healthcare needs are effectively addressed. Nutritional vulnerability increases in later life for various reasons, related to the physiological impact of ageing as well as social and economic challenges. Specific nutrients and overall diet quality may impact on mood. Depression and anxiety in turn impact on interest in and ability to eat and may further distort intake and exacerbate symptoms. Whether working with older adults living at home or in the care setting, nurses need to be aware of and able to identify, refer and support those who need help. This article aims to raise awareness and provides some practical guidance for nurses working with older adults experiencing mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Harbottle
- Freelance consultant in nutrition and dietetics ( www.lynnharbottle.co.uk )
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Tang D, Mitchell P, Liew G, Burlutsky G, Flood V, Gopinath B. Evaluation of a Novel Tool for Screening Inadequate Food Intake in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3031. [PMID: 31842257 PMCID: PMC6949902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet assessment tools provide valuable nutrition information in research and clinical settings. With growing evidence supporting dietary modification to delay development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an AMD-specific diet assessment tool could encourage eye-care practitioners to refer patients in need of further dietary behavioural support to a dietitian and/or support network. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical use of a novel, short dietary questionnaire (SDQ-AMD) to screen for inadequate food intake in AMD patients by comparing it against a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Recruitment sources included Sydney-based private eye clinics and research databases (N = 155; 57% female; 78 ± 8 years). Scoring criteria based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and dietary recommendations for AMD in literature were developed and applied to dietary data from the FFQ and SDQ-AMD. Bland-Altman plot of difference suggests agreement between the FFQ and SDQ-AMD as most mean difference scores were within the 95% CI (6.91, -9.94), and no significant bias between the scores as the mean score increased ((regression equation: y = 0.11x - 2.60) (95% CI: -0.058, 0.275, p-value = 0.20)). Scores were also significantly correlated (0.57, p ≤ 0.0001). The SDQ-AMD shows potential as a diet screening tool for clinical use, however, additional studies are warranted to validate the SDQ-AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.T.); (P.M.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.T.); (P.M.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.T.); (P.M.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - George Burlutsky
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.T.); (P.M.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Victoria Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW 2151, Australia;
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead 2151, NSW 2151, Australia
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.T.); (P.M.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
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Khan NA, Westfall DR, Jones AR, Sinn MA, Bottin JH, Perrier ET, Hillman CH. A 4-d Water Intake Intervention Increases Hydration and Cognitive Flexibility among Preadolescent Children. J Nutr 2019; 149:2255-2264. [PMID: 31504690 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydration effects on cognition remain understudied in children. This is concerning since a large proportion of US children exhibit insufficient hydration. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of water intake on urinary markers of hydration and cognition among preadolescents. METHODS A 3-intervention crossover design was used among 9- to 11-y-olds [n = 75 (43 males, 32 females); 58.2 ± 28.5 BMI percentile]. Participants maintained their water intake [ad libitum (AL)] or consumed high (2.5 L/d) or low (0.5 L/d) water for 4 d. The primary outcomes were performance on cognitive tasks requiring inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility assessed using a modified flanker, go/no-go, and color-shape switch tasks, respectively. Secondary outcomes included urine hydration indices [i.e., color, urine specific gravity (USG), osmolality] assessed using 24-h urine collected during day 4 of each intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to assess intervention effects. RESULTS There was a significant difference in hydration across all 3 interventions. Urine color during the low intervention [median (IQR): 6 (2)] was greater than during AL [5 (2)], and both were greater than during the high intervention [18 (0)] (all P ≤ 0.01). Similarly, osmolality [low (mean ± SD): 912 ± 199 mOsmol/kg, AL: 790 ± 257.0 mOsmol/kg, high: 260 ± 115 mOsmol/kg] and USG [low (mean ± SD): 1.023 ± 0.005, AL: 1.020 ± 0.007, high: 1.005 ± 0.004] during the low intervention were greater during AL, and both were greater than during the high intervention (all P ≤ 0.01). USG and osmolality AL values were related to switch task measures (β: 0.21 to -0.31, P < 0.05). Benefits of the high intervention were observed during the switch task, whereby participants exhibited 34% lower working memory cost relative to the low intervention. No significant changes in cognition were observed for the flanker and go/no-go tasks. CONCLUSIONS The water intervention improved urinary markers of hydration and had selective benefits during task switching. Furthermore, children's cognitive flexibility selectively benefits from greater habitual hydration and water intake. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02816450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Alicia R Jones
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Macie A Sinn
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeanne H Bottin
- Health, Hydration, and Nutrition Science Department, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - Erica T Perrier
- Health, Hydration, and Nutrition Science Department, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Cognitive performance in relation to hydration status and water intake among older adults, NHANES 2011–2014. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3133-3148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Management of Dehydration in Patients Suffering Swallowing Difficulties. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111923. [PMID: 31717441 PMCID: PMC6912295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Swallowing difficulties, also called dysphagia, can have various causes and may occur at many points in the swallowing process. The treatment and rehabilitation of dysphagia represent a major interdisciplinary and multiprofessional challenge. In dysphagic patients, dehydration is frequent and often accelerated as a result of limited fluid intake. This condition results from loss of water from the intracellular space, disturbing the normal levels of electrolytes and fluid interfering with metabolic processes and body functions. Dehydration is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Dysphagic patients at risk of dehydration thus require close monitoring of their hydration state, and existing imbalances should be addressed quickly. This review gives an overview on dehydration, as well as its pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical signs/symptoms in general. Available management strategies of dehydration are presented for oral, enteral, and parenteral fluid replacement.
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Giersch GEW, Charkoudian N, Stearns RL, Casa DJ. Fluid Balance and Hydration Considerations for Women: Review and Future Directions. Sports Med 2019; 50:253-261. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Developing a national research agenda to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increase safe water access and consumption among 0- to 5-year-olds: a mixed methods approach. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:22-33. [PMID: 31486348 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in early childhood is a public health concern. Adequate hydration in early childhood is also important. We developed a national research agenda to improve beverage consumption patterns among 0-5-year-olds. This article focuses on the process used to develop this research agenda. DESIGN A mixed methods, multi-step process was used to develop the research agenda, including: (i) a scientific advisory committee; (ii) systematic reviews on strategies to reduce SSB consumption and increase water access and consumption; (iii) two stakeholder surveys to first identify and then rank strategies to reduce SSB consumption and increase water access and consumption; (iv) key informant interviews to better understand determinants of beverage consumption and strategies to improve beverage consumption patterns among high-risk groups; (v) an in-person convening with experts; and (vi) developing the final research agenda. SETTING This process included research and stakeholders from across the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 276 participants completed survey 1 and 182 participants completed survey 2. Key informant interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders. Thirty experts attended the convening, representing academia, government, and non-profit sectors. RESULTS Thirteen key issue areas and 59 research questions were developed. Priority topics were beverage consumption recommendations, fruit-flavoured drink consumption, interventions tailored to high-risk groups, and family engagement in childcare. CONCLUSIONS This research agenda lays the groundwork for research efforts to improve beverage patterns of young children. The methods used can be a template to develop research agendas for other public health issues.
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Cradock AL, Poole MK, Agnew KE, Flax C, Plank K, Capdarest-Arest N, Patel AI. A systematic review of strategies to increase drinking-water access and consumption among 0- to 5-year-olds. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1262-1286. [PMID: 31250960 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify promising strategies for improving drinking-water access and consumption among children aged 0 to 5 years. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, ERIC, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched in this review. Studies included peer-reviewed, full-text studies from high-income countries, published in English between January 1, 2000, and January 12, 2018, that evaluated interventions to increase water access or consumption in children aged 0 to 5 years. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria; 19 used an effective intervention strategy to increase water access or water consumption. Three studies addressed both water access and consumption. Frequently used strategies included policy and practice changes, increasing water access and convenience, and education, training, or social support for caregivers. Studies were of fair methodological quality (average score: 18.8 of 26) for randomized studies and of moderate quality (5.1 of 9) for non-randomized studies. To date, few high-quality studies with objectively measured outcomes have clearly demonstrated strategies that may influence water intake and consumption among young children aged 0 to 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L Cradock
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Poole
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaylan E Agnew
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chasmine Flax
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaela Plank
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Anisha I Patel
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Cousins AL, Young HA, Thomas AG, Benton D. The Effect of Hypo-Hydration on Mood and Cognition Is Influenced by Electrolyte in a Drink and Its Colour: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31450591 PMCID: PMC6769552 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, it has been thought necessary to lose 2% of body mass due to dehydration to disrupt functioning, although recently, adverse effects have been reported, with a loss of 0.5%-0.7%. It is, however, unclear whether the response to small reductions in mass reflects dehydration as homeostatic mechanisms are thought to be effective. As psychological responses are most commonly reported, it is strange that the possibility of a placebo response has not been considered. Individuals were therefore subject to a temperature of 30 °C for three hours, and mood and cognition were monitored. To consider changes in hydration status, drinks were compared, differing in their ability to rehydrate due to the presence or absence of electrolytes. The possibility of a placebo response was considered by comparing the response to plain or coloured water. Not drinking was disruptive, although a combination of plain water and electrolyte tended to be the most effective means of preventing a decline in mood, indicating a role for rehydration after a loss of 0.66% body mass. There was, however, also evidence of a placebo response: a combination of plain water and electrolyte tended to be better able to prevent a decline in mood than coloured water and electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia L Cousins
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Hayley A Young
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andrew G Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Santollo J, Myers KE, Rainer IL, Edwards AA. Gonadal hormones in female rats protect against dehydration-induced memory impairments in the novel object recognition paradigm. Horm Behav 2019; 114:104547. [PMID: 31228420 PMCID: PMC6732238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration impairs cognitive performance in humans and rodents, although studies in animal models are limited. Estrogens have both protective effects on fluid regulation and improve performance in certain cognitive tasks. We, therefore, tested whether sex and gonadal hormones influence object recognition memory during dehydration. Because past studies used fluid deprivation to induce dehydration, which is a mixture of intracellular and extracellular fluid loss, we tested the effects of osmotic (loss of intracellular fluid) and hypovolemic (loss of extracellular fluid) dehydration on object recognition memory. After training trials consisting of exposure to two identical objects, rats were either treated with hypertonic saline to induce osmotic dehydration, furosemide to induce hypovolemic dehydration, or received a control injection and then object recognition memory was tested by presenting the original and a novel object. After osmotic dehydration, regardless of group or treatment, all rats spent significantly more time investigating the novel object. After hypovolemic dehydration, regardless of treatment, both the males and estrous females spent significantly more time investigating the novel object. While the control-treated diestrous females also spent significantly more time investigating the novel object, the furosemide-treated diestrous females spent a similar amount of time investigating the novel and original object. Follow up studies determined that loss of ovarian hormones after ovariectomy, but not loss of testicular hormones after castration, resulted in impaired memory performance in the object recognition test after hypovolemic dehydration. This series of experiments provides evidence for a protective role of ovarian hormones on dehydration-induced memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Santollo
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
| | - Katherine E Myers
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Ivanka L Rainer
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Andrea A Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
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Butler T, Deshpande A, Harvey P, Li Y, Rusinek H, Pirraglia E, Osorio RS, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Madelin G, Yu WW, Gallagher D, Masaeka J. Precisely-Measured Hydration Status Correlates with Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:653-654. [PMID: 30879941 PMCID: PMC6925571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Butler
- Department of Psychiatry (TB, AD, PH, YL, HR, EP, RSO, LG, MJdL), New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York.
| | - Anup Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Patrick Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Elizabeth Pirraglia
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Center for Brain Health, New York
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Wen W. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Body Composition Unit, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Department of Medicine, Body Composition Unit, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - John Masaeka
- Department of Nephrology, New York University Winthrop University, Mineola, New York
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41
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Wittbrodt MT, Millard-Stafford M. Dehydration Impairs Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:2360-2368. [PMID: 29933347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration (DEH) is believed to impair cognitive performance but which domains are affected and at what magnitude of body mass loss (BML) remains unclear. PURPOSE To conduct systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine the effect size (ES) of DEH on cognitive performance and influence of experimental design factors (e.g., DEH > 2% BML). METHODS Thirty-three studies were identified, providing 280 ES estimates from 413 subjects with DEH ranging from 1% to 6% BML. Outcome variables (accuracy, reaction time), cognitive domains, and methods to induce DEH varied. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences and multivariate meta-analysis. RESULTS Impairment of cognitive performance (all domains/outcomes) with DEH was small but significant (ES = -0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.31 to -0.11; P < 0.0001) with significant heterogeneity (Q(279) = 696.0, P < 0.0001; I = 37.6%). Tasks of executive function (ES = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.12), attention (ES = -0.52; 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.37), and motor coordination (ES = -0.40 to 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.17) were significantly impaired (P ≤ 0.01) after DEH, and attention/motor coordination was different (P < 0.001) from reaction time specific tasks (ES = -0.10; 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.02). Body mass loss was associated with the ES for cognitive impairment (P = 0.04); consequently, impairment was greater (P = 0.04) for studies reporting >2% BML (ES = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.16) compared with ≤2%; (ES = -0.14; 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Despite variability among studies, DEH impairs cognitive performance, particularly for tasks involving attention, executive function, and motor coordination when water deficits exceed 2% BML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wittbrodt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Stoler J, Brewis A, Harris LM, Wutich A, Pearson AL, Rosinger AY, Schuster RC, Young SL. Household water sharing: a missing link in international health. Int Health 2019; 11:163-165. [PMID: 30576501 PMCID: PMC6484635 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water insecurity massively undermines health, especially among impoverished and marginalized communities. Emerging evidence shows that household-to-household water sharing is a widespread coping strategy in vulnerable communities. Sharing can buffer households from the deleterious health effects that typically accompany seasonal shortages, interruptions of water services and natural disasters. Conversely, sharing may also increase exposure to pathogens and become burdensome and distressing in times of heightened need. These water sharing systems have been almost invisible within global health research but need to be explored, because they can both support and undermine global public health interventions, planning and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stoler
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Global Health, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leila M Harris
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amber Wutich
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Global Health, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Amber L Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Roseanne C Schuster
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Global Health, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Białecka-Dębek A, Pietruszka B. The association between hydration status and cognitive function among free-living elderly volunteers. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:695-703. [PMID: 30128663 PMCID: PMC6491399 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is inevitably associated with a progressive cognitive decline. With the rising percentage of the elderly in society, the number of people with dementia and cognitive impairment increases. Water is a vital ingredient that must be included in the diet. The impact of hydration status on cognitive performance has been studied only a little so far. Aims The objective of the study was to investigate the relation between the hydration status and the cognitive function. Methods The study was conducted among 60 free-living volunteers, aged 60–93 years. Data on water consumption were gathered based on 3-day records. The hydration status was assessed in morning urine samples by evaluating urine specific gravity. The cognitive function was tested using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Babcock Story Recall Test and the Trail Making Test. Information about depression was gathered by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results The mean daily total water intake was 2441 ± 622 ml, and 70% of respondents met the reference values for an adequate intake. The mean urine specific gravity (1.013 g/cm3, range of 1.004–1.025 g/cm3) indicated that most of the individuals were in a good hydration state. The average result of MMSE was 27.8, which is connected with mild cognitive impairment. There was no significant relationship between the hydration status and the results of the cognitive function test in the studied population. Discussion/conclusion As the elderly volunteers had a good hydration status, there was no significant relationship between cognitive performance and urine specific gravity. It is necessary to replicate the findings of this study with a larger and more diverse sample of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Białecka-Dębek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Goodman SP, Moreland AT, Marino FE. The effect of active hypohydration on cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:297-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Merhej R. Dehydration and cognition: an understated relation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GOVERNANCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhg-10-2018-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Merhej
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Haigazian University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Presently, sports and energy drinks are widely spread not only among athletes, but also among ordinary people of different ages. The purpose of these beverages is to effectively compensate for the loss of water, energy and electrolytes in the human body before or after some exhausting activities. A questionnaire survey on energy drinks conducted in all eight federal districts of the Russian Federation shows that the younger groups of the Russian population (aged 12–17 and 18–30) drink tonic beverages more often than the older groups (aged 31–45 and 45–60). Further, a recent rise in unreasonable consumption of sports and energy drinks among teenagers may lead to various diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and tooth enamel erosion. Finally, the authors analyse the composition of energy beverages and thoroughly describe each of their main components (L-carnitine, creatine, caffeine, taurine, and juice-containing products). These components are used by athletes due to their effects: L-carnitine helps reduce the signs of physical and mental overstrain, and stimulates working capacity; creatine improves endurance and anaerobic activity; caffeine raises aerobic endurance by increasing the oxidation of fats, thereby helping preserve glycogen in the muscles; taurine plays an important role as an antioxidant protector in the regulation of Ca++ transport, and as a regulator of osmotic pressure in the tissues.
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47
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Sekiguchi Y, Adams WM, Curtis RM, Benjamin CL, Casa DJ. Factors influencing hydration status during a National Collegiate Athletics Association division 1 soccer preseason. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:624-628. [PMID: 30587437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles that training load and environmental conditions have on fluid balance during a collegiate men's soccer preseason. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Twenty-eight male collegiate soccer players (mean±SD; age, 20±1.7y; body mass (BM), 79.9±7.3kg; height, 180.9±6.8cm; body fat, 12.7±3.1%; VO2max, 50.7±4.3ml·kg-1·min-1) participated in this study. Prior to (PRE) and following (POST) each team session, BM, percent BM loss (%BML) and hydration status was measured. Participants donned a heart rate and GPS enabled monitor to measure training load. For all team activities, ambient temperature (TAMB) and relative humidity (RH) were obtained from the nearest local weather station. Participants consumed 500mL of water as part of the team-based hydration strategy before and after training session. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the variables that predicted %BML. Significance was set a-priori p<0.05. RESULTS Total distance covered predicted %BML during all preseason activities (r2=0.253, p<0.001), with TAMB and RH further adding to the model (r2=0.302, p<0.001). %BML never exceeded 2% of BM during any one session and daily variation in BM was <1% from baseline measures. Urine specific gravity was greater than 1.020 on 12/15days and UCOL was above 4 on 13/15days, indicating a state of hypohydration. CONCLUSIONS Total distance covered was the best predictor for the extent of body water losses during a collegiate preseason. While the team-based hydration strategy during preseason was successful in minimizing fluid losses during activity, participants arrived hypohydrated 80% of the time, necessitating a greater focus on daily fluid needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, USA.
| | - William M Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Ryan M Curtis
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Courteney L Benjamin
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, USA
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Shaheen NA, Alqahtani AA, Assiri H, Alkhodair R, Hussein MA. Public knowledge of dehydration and fluid intake practices: variation by participants' characteristics. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1346. [PMID: 30518346 PMCID: PMC6282244 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dehydration results from a decrease in total body water content either due to less intake or more fluid loss. Common symptoms of dehydration are dry mouth/tongue, thirst, headache, and lethargy. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes, prevention, water intake recommendations and water intake practices among people living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaire was employed. Participants were invited during their visit to shopping malls. The shopping malls were selected based on geographical location covering east, west, north and southern part of the city. Self-filled questionnaires were distributed to 393 participants, using systematic sampling technique. Variables recorded included demographics, past medical history, knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes, prevention and daily water intake practices. Descriptive statistics were summarised as mean, standard deviation and proportions. Negative binomial model was used to identify the predictors of water intake. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Results Out of 393 participants, 273(70%) were Saudi, 209(53%) were female, average age was 32.32 ± 8.78 years. Majority 366(93%) had good knowledge of dehydration definition, 332(84%) for dehydration prevention, and 293(74%) of water intake recommendation. Top three recognized dehydration symptoms were: dry lips (87%), thirst (84%), dry tongue (76%) and recognized dehydration causes were: diarrhoea (81%), sweating (68%) and vomiting (62%). The less recognized symptoms were fatigue 176(44.78%), lack of focus 171(43.5%), headache/dizziness 160(40.71%), light headedness 117(29.7%), muscle weakness 98(24.94%), rapid breathing 90(22.9%), and muscle cramps 64(16.28%).The participants had reported an average of 5.39 ± 3.32 water glasses intake per day. The total volume of water intake was significantly different between males n = 184 (3.935 ± 2.10 l) and females n = 209 (3.461 ± 2.59 l) (p = 0.046). The participants’ weight status, intake of juice or tea were the significant predictors of more water intake. Conclusion The participants displayed good knowledge of dehydration definition, prevention, and water intake recommendation. The participants also displayed good knowledge of the common symptoms, however knowledge was lacking for uncommon symptoms. Moreover, participants had reported adequate water intake, meeting the daily water intake recommendation of ≥3.7 l for men and ≥ 2.7 l for women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6252-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila A Shaheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hussam Assiri
- King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alkhodair
- Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Hussein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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El-Shafei DA, Bolbol SA, Awad Allah MB, Abdelsalam AE. Exertional heat illness: knowledge and behavior among construction workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32269-32276. [PMID: 30225693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Construction workers are considered one of the most vulnerable health group workers. Exertional heat illness (EHI) is a well-recognized health hazard that causes significant sickness and death. The purpose of this study was to assess construction workers' environment and hydration status and to evaluate the effect of health education program on workers. An interventional study was conducted on 89 construction workers in Port Said City. Assessments of workplace environment and workers' hydration status were done by using workplace evaluation checklist, wet-bulb globe temperature, urine specific gravity, and urine color chart. A pre-post-test design was used in the evaluation of workers' knowledge and behavior regarding EHI. A health education program was conducted to improve workers' knowledge and behavior; then, evaluation was done after 1 month. The most reported symptoms of heat illness were sweating (100.0%), dizziness (98.0%), and muscle pain (82.0%). Most workers showed signs of minimal dehydration (78.7%). There was a significant improvement in workers' knowledge about EHI and behavioral action for prevention after health education. Construction workers are at high risk of exposure to EHI which raised the attention to provide educational programs which can guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent EHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A El-Shafei
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sarah A Bolbol
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa B Awad Allah
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Abdelsalam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Piil JF, Lundbye-Jensen J, Christiansen L, Ioannou L, Tsoutsoubi L, Dallas CN, Mantzios K, Flouris AD, Nybo L. High prevalence of hypohydration in occupations with heat stress-Perspectives for performance in combined cognitive and motor tasks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205321. [PMID: 30356308 PMCID: PMC6200230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of dehydration in occupational settings and contextualize findings to effects on performance in cognitively dominated tasks, simple and complex motor tasks during moderate and high heat stress. Methods The study included an occupational part with hydration assessed in five industries across Europe with urine samples collected from 139 workers and analyzed for urine specific gravity. In addition, laboratory experiments included eight male participants completing mild-intensity exercise once with full fluid replacement to maintain euhydration, and once with restricted water intake until the dehydration level corresponded to 2% bodyweight deficit. Following familiarization, euhydration and dehydration sessions were completed on separate days in random order (cross-over design) with assessment of simple motor (target pinch), complex motor (visuo-motor tracking), cognitive (math addition) and combined motor-cognitive (math and pinch) performance at baseline, at 1°C (MOD) and 2°C (HYPER) delta increase in body core temperature. Results The field studies revealed that 70% of all workers had urine specific gravity values ≥1.020 corresponding to the urine specific gravity (1.020±0.001) at the end of the laboratory dehydration session. At this hydration level, HYPER was associated with reductions in simple motor task performance by 4±1%, math task by 4±1%, math and pinch by 9±3% and visuo-motor tracking by 16±4% (all P<0.05 compared to baseline), whereas no significant changes were observed when the heat stress was MOD (P>0.05). In the euhydration session, HYPER reduced complex (tracking) motor performance by 10±3% and simple pinch by 3±1% (both P<0.05, compared to baseline), while performance in the two cognitively dominated tasks were unaffected when dehydration was prevented (P>0.05). Conclusion Dehydration at levels commonly observed across a range of occupational settings with environmental heat stress aggravates the impact of hyperthermia on performance in tasks relying on combinations of cognitive function and motor response accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F. Piil
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Christiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonidas Ioannou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Lydia Tsoutsoubi
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Constantinos N. Dallas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mantzios
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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