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Huang L, Wang W, Wang K, Li Y, Zhou J, Pang A, Zhang B, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Protein rational design and modification of erythrose reductase for the improvement of erythritol production in Yarrowia lipolytica. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:1659-1668. [PMID: 38969832 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Erythritol is a natural non-caloric sweetener, which is produced by fermentation and extensively applied in food, medicine and chemical industries. The final step of the erythritol synthesis pathway is involved in erythritol reductase, whose activity and NADPH-dependent become the limiting node of erythritol production efficiency. Herein, we implemented a strategy combining molecular docking and thermal stability screening to construct an ER mutant library. And we successfully obtained a double mutant ERK26N/V295M (ER*) whose catalytic activity was 1.48 times that of wild-type ER. Through structural analysis and MD analysis, we found that the catalytic pocket and the enzyme stability of ER* were both improved. We overexpressed ER* in the engineered strain ΔKU70 to obtain the strain YLE-1. YLE-1 can produce 39.47 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 35% increase compared to the unmodified strain, and a 10% increase compared to the strain overexpressing wild-type ER. Considering the essentiality of NADPH supply, we further co-expressed ER* with two genes from the oxidative phase of PPP, ZWF1 and GND1. This resulted in the construction of YLE-3, which exhibited a significant increase in production, producing 47.85 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 63.90% increase compared to the original chassis strain. The productivity and the yield of the engineered strain YLE-3 were 0.33 g/L/h and 0.48 g/g glycerol, respectively. This work provided an ER mutation with excellent performance, and also proved the importance of cofactors in the process of erythritol synthesis, which will promote the industrial production of erythritol by metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Pang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Li Y, Guo B, You J, Zhang X, Shao M, Rao Z. Comparative transcriptomics analysis-guided metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for improved erythritol and fructooligosaccharides production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131188. [PMID: 39089656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Currently, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are converted from sucrose by purified enzymes or fungal cells, but these methods are costly and time-consuming. Here, the optimal fermentation conditions for strain E326 were determined through fermentation optimization: initial glucose 200 g/L, NaCl 25 g/L, inoculum volume 20 %, dissolved oxygen 20-30 %, pH 3, and glucose feeding concentration 100 g/L, which increased erythritol titer by 1.5 times. The co-expression of HGT1 and APC11 genes alleviated the erythritol synthesis stagnation, shorten the fermentation time by 16.7 %, and increased the erythritol productivity by 17.2 %. The episomal plasmids based on yeast mitochondrial replication origins (mtORIs) were constructed to surface display fructosyltransferase, effectively utilizing waste yeast cells generated during erythritol fermentation. Under the conditions of 60℃ and pH 6, the FOS yield reached 65 %, which to our best of knowledge is so-far the highest yield of FOS obtained. These findings will contribute to the industrial production of erythritol and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yanan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Baomin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiajia You
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China.
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Benucci I, Lombardelli C, Esti M. A comprehensive review on natural sweeteners: impact on sensory properties, food structure, and new frontiers for their application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39154209 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2393204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the worldwide increase in lifestyle diseases and metabolic disorders has been ascribed to the excessive consumption of sucrose and added sugars. For this reason, many approaches have been developed in order to replace sucrose in food and beverage formulations with alternative sweetening compounds. The raising awareness concerning the synthetic sweeteners due to their negative impact on health, triggered the need to search for alternative substances. Natural sweeteners may be classified in: (i) non-nutritive (e.g., neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin mogroside and stevia) and (ii) bulk sweeteners, including both polyols (e.g., maltitol, mannitol, erythritol) and rare sugars (e.g., tagatose and allulose). In this review we discuss the most popular natural sweeteners and their application in the main food sectors (e.g., bakery, dairy, confectionary and beverage), providing a full understanding of their impact on the textural and sensory properties in comparison to sucrose. Furthermore, we analyze the use of natural sweeteners in blends, which in addition to enabling an effective replacement of sugar, in order to complement the merits and limits of individual compounds. Finally, microencapsulation technology is presented as an alternative strategy to solving some issues such as aftertaste, bitterness, unpleasant flavors, but also to enhance their stability and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Benucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudio Lombardelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Esti
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, Italy
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Hou Z, Yan B, Zhao Y, Peng B, Zhang S, Su B, Li K, Zhang C. Terahertz Spectra of Mannitol and Erythritol: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study. Molecules 2024; 29:3154. [PMID: 38999105 PMCID: PMC11243331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar substitutes, which generally refer to a class of food additives, mostly have vibration frequencies within the terahertz (THz) band. Therefore, THz technology can be used to analyze their molecular properties. To understand the characteristics of sugar substitutes, this study selected mannitol and erythritol as representatives. Firstly, PXRD and Raman techniques were used to determine the crystal structure and purity of mannitol and erythritol. Then, the THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system was employed to measure the spectral properties of the two sugar substitutes. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to simulate the crystal configurations of mannitol and erythritol. The experimental results showed good agreement with the simulation results. Finally, microfluidic chip technology was used to measure the THz spectroscopic properties of the two sugar substitutes in solution. A comparison was made between their solid state and aqueous solution state, revealing a strong correlation between the THz spectra of the two sugar substitutes in both states. Additionally, it was found that the THz spectrum of a substance in solution is related to its concentration. This study provides a reference for the analysis of sugar substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Hou
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bingxin Yan
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
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Masi A, Stark G, Pfnier J, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. Exploration of Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:90. [PMID: 38937852 PMCID: PMC11210129 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol, a natural polyol, is a low-calorie sweetener synthesized by a number of microorganisms, such as Moniliella pollinis. Yet, a widespread use of erythritol is limited by high production costs due to the need for cultivation on glucose-rich substrates. This study explores the potential of using Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production, as this saprotrophic fungus can be cultivated on lignocellulosic biomass residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether such an alternative host would lead to a more sustainable and economically viable production of erythritol by identifying suitable carbon sources for erythritol biosynthesis, the main parameters influencing erythritol biosynthesis and evaluating the feasibility of scaling up the defined process. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that T. reesei can synthesize erythritol from glucose but not from other carbon sources like xylose and lactose. T. reesei is able to consume erythritol, but it does not in the presence of glucose. Among nitrogen sources, urea and yeast extract were more effective than ammonium and nitrate. A significant impact on erythritol synthesis was observed with variations in pH and temperature. Despite successful shake flask experiments, the transition to bioreactors faced challenges, indicating a need for further scale-up optimization. CONCLUSIONS While T. reesei shows potential for erythritol production, reaching a maximum concentration of 1 g/L over an extended period, its productivity could be improved by optimizing the parameters that affect erythritol production. In any case, this research contributes valuable insights into the polyol metabolism of T. reesei, offering potential implications for future research on glycerol or mannitol production. Moreover, it suggests a potential metabolic association between erythritol production and glycolysis over the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Masi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stark
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Pfnier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Song X, Luo Y, Zhao W, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang H. Preparation and Characterization of Lutein Co-Amorphous Formulation with Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution. Foods 2024; 13:2029. [PMID: 38998535 PMCID: PMC11241110 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein is an oxygenated fat-soluble carotenoid and a functional compound with proven health benefits for the human body. Nevertheless, the poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability of lutein greatly limit its application. To address this, we developed an effective approach to enhance the water solubility of lutein through co-amorphous formulation. Specifically, the lutein-sucralose co-amorphous mixture was prepared at a molar ratio of 1:1 using ethanol and water as solvents by employing the solvent evaporation method, followed by solid-state characterization and dissolution testing conducted to assess the properties of the formulation. The X-ray diffraction pattern with an amorphous halo and the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram with no sharp melting peaks confirmed the formation of a binary co-amorphous system. Changes in peak shape, position, and intensity observed in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum revealed intermolecular interactions between lutein and sucralose molecules, while molecular dynamics simulations identified interaction sites between their hydroxyl groups. Additionally, dissolution testing demonstrated better dissolution performance of lutein in the co-amorphous form compared to pure lutein and physical mixture counterparts. Our findings present a novel strategy for improving the water solubility of lutein to make better use of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingting Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenduo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Simiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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Li M, Ni Z, Li Z, Yin Y, Liu J, Wu D, Sun Z, Wang L. Research progress on biosynthesis of erythritol and multi-dimensional optimization of production strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:240. [PMID: 38867081 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Erythritol, as a new type of natural sweetener, has been widely used in food, medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties and physiological functions. In recent years, with the continuous development of strategies such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, omics-based systems biology and high-throughput screening technology, people's understanding of the erythritol biosynthesis pathway has gradually deepened, and microbial cell factories with independent modification capabilities have been successfully constructed. In this review, the cheap feedstocks for erythritol synthesis are introduced in detail, the environmental factors affecting the synthesis of erythritol and its regulatory mechanism are described, and the tools and strategies of metabolic engineering involved in erythritol synthesis are summarized. In addition, the study of erythritol derivatives is helpful in expanding its application field. Finally, the challenges that hinder the effective production of erythritol are discussed, which lay a foundation for the green, efficient and sustainable production of erythritol in the future and breaking through the bottleneck of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zifu Ni
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhongzeng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453001, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Li H, Zhao X, Liu L, Yao M, Han Y, Li R, Liu J, Zhang J. Resin screening and process optimization for erythritol mother liquor chromatographic separation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38742596 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2349936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In order to improve the utilization value of the erythritol mother liquor, the separation and purification of the erythritol mother liquor was selected in this study. The selected chromatographic separation programme for erythritol crystallizing mother liquor is as follows: Firstly, erythritol is resolved from mannitol and arabitol with DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) resin and then mannitol is resolved from arabitol with 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resin. At the same time, the chromatographic conditions of the DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins were optimized, resulting in an optimal separation temperature and mobile phase flow rate of 70 °C, 10 ml/min. On this basis, a single-column chromatographic model was used to calculate the TD model parameter (N ) and the mass transfer coefficient (k m ) of the separation of erythritol mother liquor by DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins. The adsorption isotherms, TD model parameter (N ) and the mass transfer coefficient (k m ) provides data references for the design and operation of the simulated moving beds (SMB) separation system for the industrial-scale separation of erythritol crystallizing mother liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mingjing Yao
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanlei Han
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiguo Li
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Rywińska A, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Juszczyk P, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Bogusz A, Rymowicz W. Enhanced Production of Erythritol from Glucose by the Newly Obtained UV Mutant Yarrowia lipolytica K1UV15. Molecules 2024; 29:2187. [PMID: 38792051 PMCID: PMC11124037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a polyol with a sweet taste but low energy value. Thanks to its valuable properties, as well as growing social awareness and nutritional trends, its popularity is growing rapidly. The aim of this study was to increase the effectiveness of erythritol production from glucose using new UV mutants of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica obtained in the Wratislavia K1 strain. The ability of the new strains to biosynthesize erythritol and utilize this polyol was examined in shake-flask cultures and fed-batch processes conducted in a stirred tank reactor with a total glucose concentration of 300 and 400 g/L. The Wratislavia K1 strain produced erythritol most efficiently (97.5 g/L; 192 h) at an initial glucose concentration of 250 g/L (total: 300 g/L). New strains were assessed under such conditions, and it was noted that the highest erythritol concentration (145 g/L; 183 h) was produced by the K1UV15 strain. A significant improvement in the erythritol biosynthesis efficiency (148 g/L; 150 h) was achieved upon the increase in (NH4)2SO4 to 3.6 g/L. Further, in the culture with such a concentration of the nitrogen source and increased total glucose level (400 g/L), the K1UV15 strain produced 226 g/L of erythritol within 281 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (P.J.); (M.R.-P.); (W.R.)
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Khatape AB, Rangaswamy V, Dastager SG. Strain improvement for enhanced erythritol production by Moniliella pollinis Mutant-58 using jaggery as a cost-effective substrate. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:581-596. [PMID: 37525085 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol has been produced by various microorganisms including Yarrowia, Moniliella, Aureobasidium, and Candida strains. Due to its relatively high price, erythritol sweetener is used lesser than other polyols despite having many advantages. Therefore, in this study, Moniliella pollinis strain was improved for erythritol production by chemical mutagenesis and subsequently screening for cost-effective carbon sources for the enhanced erythritol yield. M. pollinis was subjected to N-methyl N-nitro N-nitroso guanidine (NTG), ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS), and UV mutagenesis for improved erythritol production. The fmutant strains were evaluated for enhanced erythritol production medium optimization by using different carbon substrates at the shake flask level. To enhance the production of erythritol and statistical media, optimization was carried out using a central composite design (CCD). Among 198 isolated mutants, Mutant-58 strain generated by EMS mutagenesis was selected for further assessment. The Mutant-58 strain showed significant morphological changes as compared to the parent strain. Furthermore, statistically optimized media composition resulted in the higher production of erythritol (91.2 ± 3.4 g/L) with a yield of 40.7 ± 3.4 % in shake flask experiments. The optimized medium composition for erythritol production constitutes (g/L) 225 jaggery, 4.4 yeast extract (YE), 4.4 KH2PO4, 0.31 MgSO4, and pH 5.5. The present study demonstrated strain improvement, media, and process optimization resulting in a 30% increase in the erythritol production in the Mutant-58 as compared to the parent strain. This is also the first instance where jaggery has been used as a cost-effective carbon source alternative to glucose for industrial-scale erythritol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Khatape
- NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, -411008, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Vidhya Rangaswamy
- High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, -411008, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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11
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Zheng H, Jiang J, Huang C, Wang X, Hu P. Effect of sugar content on characteristic flavour formation of tomato sour soup fermented by Lacticaseibacillus casei H1 based on non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101116. [PMID: 38282824 PMCID: PMC10818199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the formation mechanism of the characteristic flavour of tomato sour soup (TSS), metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to investigate the effect of sugar addition on TSS metabolomics during fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus casei H1. A total of 254 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the 10% added-sugar group, which mainly belonged to organic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, and organic oxygen compounds. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine leucine and isoleucine metabolism and butanoate metabolism were the potential pathways for the flavour of TSS formation. Lactic acid, acetic acid, Ala, Glu and Asp significantly contributed to the acidity and umami formation of TSS. This study showed that sugar regulation played an important role in the formation of the characteristic TSS flavour during fermentation, providing important support for understanding the formation mechanism of organic acids as the main characteristic flavour of TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisheng Zheng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingzhu Jiang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaobing Huang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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12
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Zhang X, Wu S, Feng T, Yan Y, Wu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Hu N, Wang L. Visualized sensing of erythritol using a simple enzyme-free catechol-based hydrogel film. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1686-1696. [PMID: 38421030 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Based on the versatile properties of bio-derived materials, non-enzymatic assays in combination with electronic devices have attracted increasing interest. Here, we report a novel enzyme-free visualization approach for the detection of erythritol, which is a zero-calorie natural sweetener and serves as an ideal sucrose substitute for diabetics or overweight people who need sugar control. The recognition element of the electrochemical biosensor was constructed by catechol modification on a chitosan-based hydrogel film. The signal transduction was achieved by the competitive binding assay of sweeteners. The results show that 2-fluorophenylboronic acid (FPBA) can form a cyclic boronate ester with the ortho-hydroxyls of both reduced catechol and oxidized quinone, impeding the electron transfer and leading to redox signal attenuation. The addition of sweeteners caused a competitive reaction resulting in bonding between the 1,2-diols and FPBA moieties, and in the recovery of the redox signals. Importantly, the pattern of redox signal changes of catechol can be detected optically, as the oxidized quinone state is darker in color than the reduced catechol state. Using a simple cell phone imaging application, we demonstrate that erythritol can be distinguished from other sweeteners in real samples using the oxidized catechol-Chit0/agarose hydrogel film. Thus, we envision that this method could allow diabetics and people who need to control their sugar intake to detect whether the product contains only erythritol in the field or at home. In addition, this work further illustrates the potential of bio-derived materials for performing redox-based functions and enzyme-free visualization assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Si Wu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yuanhao Yan
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Shijing Wu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Yinyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Qingmiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Ning Hu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
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13
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Borodina I, Neuvéglise C, Mirończuk AM. Transcriptome analysis reveals multiple targets of erythritol-related transcription factor EUF1 in unconventional yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 38475794 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol is a four-carbon polyol with an unclear role in metabolism of some unconventional yeasts. Its production has been linked to the osmotic stress response, but the mechanism of stress protection remains unclear. Additionally, erythritol can be used as a carbon source. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, its assimilation is activated by the transcription factor Euf1. The study investigates whether this factor can link erythritol to other processes in the cell. RESULTS The research was performed on two closely related strains of Y. lipolytica: MK1 and K1, where strain K1 has no functional Euf1. Cultures were carried out in erythritol-containing and erythritol-free media. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of Euf1 on the regulation of more than 150 genes. Some of these could be easily connected with different aspects of erythritol assimilation, such as: utilization pathway, a new potential isoform of transketolase, or polyol transporters. However, many of the upregulated genes have never been linked to metabolism of erythritol. The most prominent examples are the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the glyoxylate cycle. The high transcription of genes affected by Euf1 is still dependent on the erythritol concentration in the medium. Moreover, almost all up-regulated genes have an ATGCA motif in the promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be particularly relevant given the increasing use of erythritol-induced promoters in genetic engineering of Y. lipolytica. Moreover, use of this yeast in biotechnological processes often takes place under osmotic stress conditions. Erythritol might be produce as a by-product, thus better understanding of its influence on cell metabolism could facilitate processes optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences (LIFE), Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - I Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Neuvéglise
- INRAE, Institut Agro, SPO, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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14
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Rangel LI, Leveau JHJ. Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:211. [PMID: 38358509 PMCID: PMC10869387 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The phyllosphere, or plant leaf surface, represents a microbial ecosystem of considerable size, holding extraordinary biodiversity and enormous potential for the discovery of new products, tools, and applications in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, and elsewhere. This mini-review highlights the applied microbiology of the phyllosphere as an original field of study concerning itself with the genes, gene products, natural compounds, and traits that underlie phyllosphere-specific adaptations and services that have commercial and economic value for current or future innovation. Examples include plant-growth-promoting and disease-suppressive phyllobacteria, probiotics and fermented foods that support human health, as well as microbials that remedy foliar contamination with airborne pollutants, residual pesticides, or plastics. Phyllosphere microbes promote plant biomass conversion into compost, renewable energy, animal feed, or fiber. They produce foodstuffs such as thickening agents and sugar substitutes, industrial-grade biosurfactants, novel antibiotics and cancer drugs, as well as enzymes used as food additives or freezing agents. Furthermore, new developments in DNA sequence-based profiling of leaf-associated microbial communities allow for surveillance approaches in the context of food safety and security, for example, to detect enteric human pathogens on leafy greens, predict plant disease outbreaks, and intercept plant pathogens and pests on internationally traded goods. KEY POINTS: • Applied phyllosphere microbiology concerns leaf-specific adaptations for economic value • Phyllobioprospecting searches the phyllosphere microbiome for product development • Phyllobiomonitoring tracks phyllosphere microbial profiles for early risk detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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15
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Yang S, Pan X, You J, Guo B, Liu Z, Cao Y, Li G, Shao M, Zhang X, Rao Z. Systematic metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for the enhanced production of erythritol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129918. [PMID: 37884093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a growing interest in exploring microbial strains that exhibit enhanced erythritol productivity. Nonetheless, the lack of advanced synthetic biology tools has limited rapid strain development. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to genetically modify Yarrowia lipolytica at the chromosomal level, which could improve the production of erythritol while saving the time required to markers recovery, and realizing the rapid construction of high-erythritol strains. Firstly, the basic strain E004 was generated by increasing the efficiency of homologous recombination and regulating the erythritol degradation pathway. Secondly, eleven key gene targets and a strong promoter 8UAS1BXPR2-PTEFin was obtained by target screening and promoter engineering. Finally, based on modular pathway engineering and morphological engineering, the high production of erythritol was achieved successfully. The best-engineered strain E326 produced 256 g/L erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor, which is the highest production level reported so far in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Baomin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zuyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Ying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Guomin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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16
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Veenhoven J, Saverwyns S, van Keulen H, van Bommel M, Lynen F. Polysaccharide metabolism in Anacardiaceae (Asian lacquer) cross-linked polymers elucidated using in situ trimethylsilylation pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121373. [PMID: 37940270 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates from polysaccharides in natural thermoset Anacardiaceae polymers of Gluta usitata, Toxicodendron succedaneum and Toxicodendron vernicifluum were identified using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with in situ trimethylsilylation. Pyrolysates resulting from the pyrolytic intermolecular chain scission of the polysaccharides were used to elucidate monomeric units. Polysaccharides, dispersed in the phenolic lacasse catalysed cross-linked macromolecules, showed to be metabolised through various catabolic and anabolic routes. Galactose functionalities, abundantly present in the polysaccharides were determined to be enzymatically converted to glucose-6-phosphate, followed by conversion via glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. Determination of specific routes of carbohydrate modification via glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways facilitated differentiating G. usitata, T. succedaneum and T. vernicifluum polymers, based on the carbohydrate content. It was also found that uronic type acids, present as end groups of the branched polysaccharide structure, were biochemically converted to aldonic acids. Following the pentose phosphate and glycolysis routes, carbohydrates in G. usitata and T. vernicifluum polymers showed to be further modified via shikimate and cinnamate pathways to produce phenylpropanoid compounds. Parent molecules and pyrolysis products thereof were verified using analytical standards of high purity. The mass spectra and Kovats retention indices were compiled in an AMDIS library, which can be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Veenhoven
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Paintings Lab, Laboratories Department, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture (AHM), Faculty of Humanities, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94552, 1090 GN Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven Saverwyns
- Paintings Lab, Laboratories Department, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Henk van Keulen
- Cultural Heritage Laboratory, Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maarten van Bommel
- Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture (AHM), Faculty of Humanities, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94552, 1090 GN Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Analytical Sciences, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Yang W, Zhao X, Han M, Li Y, Tian Y, Rong Z, Zhang J. Recent advances in biosynthesis mechanisms and yield enhancement strategies of erythritol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37791716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol naturally produced by microorganisms as an osmoprotectant. As a new sugar substitute, erythritol has recently been popular on the ingredient market because of its unique nutritional characteristics. Even though the history of erythritol biosynthesis dates from the turn of the twentieth century, scientific advancement has lagged behind other polyols due to the relative complexity of making it. In recent years, biosynthetic methods for erythritol have been rapidly developed due to an increase in market demand, a better understanding of metabolic pathways, and the rapid development of genetic engineering tools. This paper reviews the history of industrial strain development and focuses on the underlying mechanism of high erythritol production by strains gained through screening or mutagenesis. Meanwhile, we highlight the metabolic pathway knowledge of erythritol biosynthesis in microorganisms and summarize the metabolic engineering and research progress on critical genes involved in different stages of the synthetic pathway. Lastly, we talk about the still-contentious issues and promising future research directions that will help break the erythritol production bottleneck and make erythritol production greener and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mo Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhangbo Rong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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18
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Mirończuk AM. Mutation in yl-HOG1 represses the filament-to-yeast transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37582747 PMCID: PMC10428635 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic fungus, which switches from yeast to filament form in response to environmental conditions. For industrial purposes it is important to lock cells in the yeast or filamentous form depending on the fermentation process. yl-Hog1 kinase is a key component of the HOG signaling pathway, responsible for activating the osmotic stress response. Additionally, deletion of yl-Hog1 leads to increased filamentation in Yarrowia lipolytica, but causes significant sensitivity to osmotic stress induced by a high concentration of a carbon source. RESULTS In this study, we tested the effect of point mutations on the function of yl-Hog1 protein kinase. The targets of modification were the phosphorylation sites (T171A-Y173A) and the active center (K49R). Introduction of the variant HOG1-49 into the hog1∆ strain partially improved growth under osmotic stress, but did not recover the yeast-like shape of the cells. The HOG1-171/173 variant was not functional, and its introduction further weakened the growth of hog1∆ strains in hyperosmotic conditions. To verify a genetic modification in filament form, we developed a new system based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) for easier screening of proper mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the functions of yl-Hog1 protein in dimorphic transition and constitute a good starting point for further genetic modification of Y. lipolytica in filament form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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Liang P, Cao M, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Expanding sugar alcohol industry: Microbial production of sugar alcohols and associated chemocatalytic derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108105. [PMID: 36736865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are polyols that are widely employed in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Chemical synthesis of polyols, however, is complex and necessitates the use of hazardous compounds. Therefore, the use of microbes to produce polyols has been proposed as an alternative to traditional synthesis strategies. Many biotechnological approaches have been described to enhancing sugar alcohols production and microbe-mediated sugar alcohol production has the potential to benefit from the availability of inexpensive substrate inputs. Among of them, microbe-mediated erythritol production has been implemented in an industrial scale, but microbial growth and substrate conversion rates are often limited by harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, the four representative sugar alcohols. The main metabolic engineering strategies, such as regulation of key genes and cofactor balancing, for improving the production of these sugar alcohols were reviewed. The feasible strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of chassis cells, especially thermotolerance, were also summarized. Different low-cost substrates like glycerol, molasses, cellulose hydrolysate, and CO2 employed for producing these sugar alcohols were presented. Given the value of polyols as precursor platform chemicals that can be leveraged to produce a diverse array of chemical products, we not only discuss the challenges encountered in the above parts, but also envisioned the development of their derivatives for broadening the application of sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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20
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Ziuzia P, Janiec Z, Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Lazar Z, Rakicka-Pustułka M. Honey's Yeast-New Source of Valuable Species for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097889. [PMID: 37175595 PMCID: PMC10178026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a rich source of compounds with biological activity; moreover, it is a valuable source of various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify yeast from a sample of lime honey from Poland as well as to assess its ability to biosynthesize value-added chemicals such as kynurenic acid, erythritol, mannitol, and citric acid on common carbon sources. Fifteen yeast strains belonging to the species Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida magnolia, and Starmerella magnoliae were isolated. In shake-flask screening, the best value-added compound producers were chosen. In the last step, scaling up of the culture in the bioreactor was performed. A newly isolated strain of Y. lipolytica No. 12 produced 3.9 mg/L of kynurenic acid growing on fructose. Strain Y. lipolytica No. 9 synthesized 32.6 g/L of erythritol on technical glycerol with a low concentration of byproducts. Strain Y. lipolytica No. 5 produced 15.1 g/L of mannitol on technical glycerol, and strain No. 3 produced a very high amount of citric acid (76.6 g/L) on technical glycerol. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report the use of yeast isolates from honey to produce valuable chemicals. This study proves that natural products such as lime honey can be an excellent source of wild-type yeasts with valuable production properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ziuzia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Janiec
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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Determination of antioxidant capacity, citric acid, phenolic compounds, physicochemical and sensory properties of Pepino marmalade yogurts enriched with erythritol and amaranth flour at different concentrations. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:531-542. [PMID: 36911321 PMCID: PMC9992480 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of fortifying Pepino marmalade containing erythritol and amaranth flour (1, 2, and 3%) as the source of antioxidants, dietary fiber, and polyphenols in yogurt for increasing nutritional value and improving storability. Both Pepino marmalade and amaranth flour increased the phenolic content, citric acid value, viscosity, and WHC of the yogurt samples. The diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (DPPH), radical cation (ABTS*+) scavenging assay, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were found to be in the range of 4.5-46.6%, 166.2-1022 µg AAE/g, 2.61-4.49 µmol Trolox/g, and 4.9-23.88 µmol Fe2+/g respectively. As the concentration of marmalade and amaranth flour increased, the samples showed higher b* and lower a* and L* values. In addition, the panelists stated that they enjoyed the yogurt samples with Pepino marmalade and amaranth flour.
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22
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Bartkiene E, Tolpeznikaite E, Klupsaite D, Starkute V, Bartkevics V, Skrastina A, Pavlenko R, Mockus E, Lele V, Batkeviciute G, Budrikyte A, Janulyte R, Jomantaite I, Kybartaite A, Knystautaite K, Valionyte A, Ruibys R, Rocha JM. Bio-Converted Spirulina for Nutraceutical Chewing Candy Formulations Rich in L-Glutamic and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acids. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020441. [PMID: 36838408 PMCID: PMC9959499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating changes of microalgae Spirulina during its fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum No. 122 strain, and further at incorporating Spirulina bio-converted for nutraceuticals rich in L-glutamic (L-Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) into sucrose-free chewing candy (gummy) preparations. Fermented Spirulina had higher b* (yellowness) coordinates than untreated (non-fermented), and fermentation duration (24 and 48 h) had a statistically significant effect on colour coordinates. The highest contents of L-glutamic and gamma-aminobutyric acids (4062 and 228.6 mg/kg, respectively) were found in 24 and 48 h-fermented Spirulina, respectively. Fermentation increased the content of saturated fatty acids and omega-3 in Spirulina, while monounsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 were reduced. The addition of fermented Spirulina (FSp) significantly affected hardness, decreased lightness and yellowness, and increased the greenness of chewing candies. All chewing candy samples (with xylitol) prepared with 3 and 5 g of FSp and 0.2 µL of Citrus paradise essential oil received the highest scores for overall acceptability, and the highest intensity (0.052) of emotion "happy" was elicited by the sample group containing xylitol, agar, ascorbic acid, 3 g of FSp, and 0.1 µL of Mentha spicata essential oil. As an outcome of this research, one may conclude that fermented Spirulina has significant potential as an innovative ingredient in the production of healthier sucrose-free nutraceutical chewing candies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-601-35837
| | - Ernesta Tolpeznikaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Zemgales Priekšpilsēta, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna Skrastina
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Zemgales Priekšpilsēta, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Romans Pavlenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Zemgales Priekšpilsēta, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabija Batkeviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ausrine Budrikyte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rusne Janulyte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Jomantaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Auguste Kybartaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Knystautaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Valionyte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romas Ruibys
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Mazi TA, Stanhope KL. Erythritol: An In-Depth Discussion of Its Potential to Be a Beneficial Dietary Component. Nutrients 2023; 15:204. [PMID: 36615861 PMCID: PMC9824470 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohol erythritol is a relatively new food ingredient. It is naturally occurring in plants, however, produced commercially by fermentation. It is also produced endogenously via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Consumers perceive erythritol as less healthy than sweeteners extracted from plants, including sucrose. This review evaluates that perspective by summarizing current literature regarding erythritol's safety, production, metabolism, and health effects. Dietary erythritol is 30% less sweet than sucrose, but contains negligible energy. Because it is almost fully absorbed and excreted in urine, it is better tolerated than other sugar alcohols. Evidence shows erythritol has potential as a beneficial replacement for sugar in healthy and diabetic subjects as it exerts no effects on glucose or insulin and induces gut hormone secretions that modulate satiety to promote weight loss. Long-term rodent studies show erythritol consumption lowers body weight or adiposity. However, observational studies indicate positive association between plasma erythritol and obesity and cardiometabolic disease. It is unlikely that dietary erythritol is mediating these associations, rather they reflect dysregulated PPP due to impaired glycemia or glucose-rich diet. However, long-term clinical trials investigating the effects of chronic erythritol consumption on body weight and risk for metabolic diseases are needed. Current evidence suggests these studies will document beneficial effects of dietary erythritol compared to caloric sugars and allay consumer misperceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Yeast Lipid Produced through Glycerol Conversions and Its Use for Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino Acid-Based Biosurfactants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010714. [PMID: 36614154 PMCID: PMC9820740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to obtain microbial lipids (single-cell oils and SCOs) from oleaginous yeast cultivated on biodiesel-derived glycerol and subsequently proceed to the enzymatic synthesis of high-value biosurfactant-type molecules in an aqueous medium, with SCOs implicated as acyl donors (ADs). Indeed, the initial screening of five non-conventional oleaginous yeasts revealed that the most important lipid producer was the microorganism Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509. SCO production was optimised according to the nature of the nitrogen source and the initial concentration of glycerol (Glyc0) employed in the medium. Lipids up to 50% w/w in dry cell weight (DCW) (SCOmax = 6.1 g/L) occurred at Glyc0 ≈ 70 g/L (C/N ≈ 80 moles/moles). Thereafter, lipids were recovered and were subsequently used as ADs in the N-acylation reaction catalysed by aminoacylases produced from Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 under aqueous conditions, while Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was used as a reference enzyme. Aminoacylases revealed excellent activity towards the synthesis of acyl-lysine only when free fatty acids (FAs) were used as the AD, and the rare regioselectivity in the α-amino group, which has a great impact on the preservation of the functional side chains of any amino acids or peptides. Aminoacylases presented higher α-oleoyl-lysine productivity and final titer (8.3 g/L) with hydrolysed SCO than with hydrolysed vegetable oil. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the three main FAs found in SCO was studied, and a new parameter was defined, viz., Specificity factor (Sf), which expresses the relative substrate specificity of an enzyme towards a FA present in a FA mixture. The Sf value of aminoacylases was the highest with palmitic acid in all cases tested, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0, while that of CALB was with linoleic acid (0.9-1.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a microbial oil has been successfully used as AD for biosurfactant synthesis. This bio-refinery approach illustrates the concept of a state-of-the-art combination of enzyme and microbial technology to produce high-value biosurfactants through environmentally friendly and economically sound processes.
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Battling S, Engel T, Herweg E, Niehoff PJ, Pesch M, Scholand T, Schöpping M, Sonntag N, Büchs J. Highly efficient fermentation of 5-keto-D-fructose with Gluconobacter oxydans at different scales. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:255. [PMID: 36496372 PMCID: PMC9741787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global market for sweeteners is increasing, and the food industry is constantly looking for new low-caloric sweeteners. The natural sweetener 5-keto-D-fructose is one such candidate. 5-Keto-D-fructose has a similar sweet taste quality as fructose. Developing a highly efficient 5-keto-D-fructose production process is key to being competitive with established sweeteners. Hence, the 5-keto-D-fructose production process was optimised regarding titre, yield, and productivity. RESULTS For production of 5-keto-D-fructose with G. oxydans 621H ΔhsdR pBBR1-p264-fdhSCL-ST an extended-batch fermentation was conducted. During fructose feeding, a decreasing respiratory activity occurred, despite sufficient carbon supply. Oxygen and second substrate limitation could be excluded as reasons for the decreasing respiration. It was demonstrated that a short period of oxygen limitation has no significant influence on 5-keto-D-fructose production, showing the robustness of this process. Increasing the medium concentration increased initial biomass formation. Applying a fructose feeding solution with a concentration of approx. 1200 g/L, a titre of 545 g/L 5-keto-D-fructose was reached. The yield was with 0.98 g5-keto-d-fructose/gfructose close to the theoretical maximum. A 1200 g/L fructose solution has a viscosity of 450 mPa∙s at a temperature of 55 °C. Hence, the solution itself and the whole peripheral feeding system need to be heated, to apply such a highly concentrated feeding solution. Thermal treatment of highly concentrated fructose solutions led to the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which inhibited the 5-keto-D-fructose production. Therefore, fructose solutions were only heated to about 100 °C for approx. 10 min. An alternative feeding strategy was investigated using solid fructose cubes, reaching the highest productivities above 10 g5-keto-d-fructose/L/h during feeding. Moreover, the scale-up of the 5-keto-D-fructose production to a 150 L pressurised fermenter was successfully demonstrated using liquid fructose solutions (745 g/L). CONCLUSION We optimised the 5-keto-D-fructose production process and successfully increased titre, yield and productivity. By using solid fructose, we presented a second feeding strategy, which can be of great interest for further scale-up experiments. A first scale-up of this process was performed, showing the possibility for an industrial production of 5-keto-D-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Battling
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Herweg
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul-Joachim Niehoff
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Pesch
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Scholand
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie Schöpping
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Sonntag
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Hijosa-Valsero M, Paniagua-García AI, Díez-Antolínez R. Cell Immobilization for Erythritol Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121286. [PMID: 36547619 PMCID: PMC9785647 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, commercial erythritol synthesis is performed by free-cell fermentation with fungi in liquid media containing high concentrations of pure carbon sources. Alternative fermentation techniques, such as cell immobilization, could imply an economic and energetic improvement for erythritol-producing factories. The present work describes, for the first time, the feasibility of achieving cell immobilization during erythritol production. Cells of the fungus Moniliella pollinis were successfully immobilized on a cotton cloth which was placed inside a 2-L bioreactor, where they were fed with red grape must supplemented with yeast extract. They produced 47.03 ± 6.16 g/L erythritol in 96 h (yield 0.18 ± 0.04 g/g) over four consecutive fermentation batches. The immobilized cells remained stable and operative during a 456 h period. The erythritol concentration attained was similar (p > 0.05; Tukey HSD test) to the reference value obtained with the use of free cells (41.88 ± 5.18 g/L erythritol) under the same fermentation conditions. The comparable results observed for free and immobilized cells evidences the efficiency of the immobilization system. Therefore, the proposed method for erythritol bioproduction eliminates the need for the continuous preparation of fungal inocula before each fermentation batch, thus reducing the costs of the reagents and energy.
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Engineering thermotolerant Yarrowia lipolytica for sustainable biosynthesis of mannitol and fructooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Diamantopoulou P, Papanikolaou S. Biotechnological production of sugar-alcohols: focus on Yarrowia lipolytica and edible/medicinal mushrooms. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Development and physicochemical properties of reformulated, high-protein, untempered sugar-free dark chocolates with addition of whey protein isolate and erythritol. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Ortiz SR, Heinz A, Hiller K, Field MS. Erythritol synthesis is elevated in response to oxidative stress and regulated by the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in A549 cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:953056. [PMID: 36276829 PMCID: PMC9582529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.953056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythritol is a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases and is produced from glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Little is known regarding the regulation of endogenous erythritol synthesis in humans. Objective In the present study, we investigated the stimuli that promote erythritol synthesis in human lung carcinoma cells and characterized potential points of regulation along the PPP. Methods Human A549 lung carcinoma cells were chosen for their known ability to synthesize erythritol. A549 cells were treated with potential substrates for erythritol production, including glucose, fructose, and glycerol. Using siRNA knockdown, we assessed the necessity of enzymes G6PD, TKT, TALDO, and SORD for erythritol synthesis. We also used position-specific 13C-glucose tracers to determine whether the carbons for erythritol synthesis are derived directly from glycolysis or through the oxidative PPP. Finally, we assessed if erythritol synthesis responds to oxidative stress using chemical and genetic models. Results Intracellular erythritol was directly associated with media glucose concentration. In addition, siRNA knockdown of TKT or SORD inhibited erythritol synthesis, whereas siG6PD did not. Both chemically induced oxidative stress and constitutive activation of the antioxidant response transcription factor NRF2 elevated intracellular erythritol. Conclusion Our findings indicate that in A549 cells, erythritol synthesis is proportional to flux through the PPP and is regulated by non-oxidative PPP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira R. Ortiz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martha S. Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Martha S. Field,
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Zhang K, Wang M, Liu T, Chu Z, Jin W. Scalable Printing of Prussian Blue Analogue@Au Edge-Rich Microcubes as Flexible Biosensing Microchips Performing Ultrasensitive Sucrose Fermentation Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40569-40578. [PMID: 36048570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is one of the most applied carbon sources in the fermentation process, and it directly determines the microbial metabolism with its concentration fluctuation. Meanwhile, sucrose also plays a key role of a protective agent in the production of biological vaccines, especially in the new mRNA vaccines for curing COVID-19. However, rapid and precise detection of sucrose is always desired but unrealized in industrial fermentation and synthetic biology research. In order to address the above issue, we proposed an ultrasensitive biosensor microchip achieving accurate sucrose recognition within only 12 s, relying on the construction of a Prussian blue analogue@Au edge-rich (PBA@AuER) microarchitecture. This special geometric structure was formed through exactly inducing the oriented PBA crystallization toward a certain plane to create more regular and continuous edge features. This composite was further transformed to a screen-printed ink to directly and large-scale fabricate an enzymatic biosensor microchip showing ultrahigh sensitivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit to the accurate sucrose recognition. As confirmed in a real alcohol fermentation reaction, the as-prepared microchip enabled us to accurately detect the sucrose and glucose concentrations with outstanding reusability (more than 300 times) during the whole process through proposing a novel analytical strategy for the binary mixture substrate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Fang R, Jiang H, Lin C, Xia T, Xu S, Chen Q, Xiao G. Characterization and shelf stability of sweetened condensed milk formulated with different sucrose substitutes during storage. Food Chem 2022; 404:134402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lei P, Chen H, Ma J, Fang Y, Qu L, Yang Q, Peng B, Zhang X, Jin L, Sun D. Research progress on extraction technology and biomedical function of natural sugar substitutes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952147. [PMID: 36034890 PMCID: PMC9414081 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved human material living standards have resulted in a continuous increase in the rate of obesity caused by excessive sugar intake. Consequently, the number of diabetic patients has skyrocketed, not only resulting in a global health problem but also causing huge medical pressure on the government. Limiting sugar intake is a serious problem in many countries worldwide. To this end, the market for sugar substitute products, such as artificial sweeteners and natural sugar substitutes (NSS), has begun to rapidly grow. In contrast to controversial artificial sweeteners, NSS, which are linked to health concepts, have received particular attention. This review focuses on the extraction technology and biomedical function of NSS, with a view of generating insights to improve extraction for its large-scale application. Further, we highlight research progress in the use of NSS as food for special medical purpose (FSMP) for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yimen Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu X, Yu X, He A, Xia J, He J, Deng Y, Xu N, Qiu Z, Wang X, Zhao P. One-pot fermentation for erythritol production from distillers grains by the co-cultivation of Yarrowia lipolytica and Trichoderma reesei. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127053. [PMID: 35337991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A co-fermentation process involving Yarrowia lipolytica and Trichoderma reesei was studied, using distillers grains (DGS) as feedstocks for erythritol production. DGS can be effectively hydrolyzed by cellulase in the single-strain culture of T. reesei. One-pot solid state fermentation for erythritol production was then established by co-cultivating Y. lipolytica M53-S with the 12 h delay inoculated T. reesei Rut C-30, in which efficient saccharification of DGS and improved production of erythritol were simultaneously achieved. The 10:1 inoculation proportion of Y. lipolytica and T. reesei contributed to the maximum erythritol production of 267.1 mg/gds under the optimal conditions including initial moisture of 55%, pH of 5.0, NaCl addition of 0.02 g/gds and DGS mass of 200 g in 144 h co-cultivation. Being compared with the attempts to produce erythritol from other raw materials, the one-pot SSF with DGS is proposed to be a potential strategy for efficient and economical erythritol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China.
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
| | - Pusu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, PR China
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35
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Jach ME, Malm A. Yarrowia lipolytica as an Alternative and Valuable Source of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds for Humans. Molecules 2022; 27:2300. [PMID: 35408699 PMCID: PMC9000428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleagineous species of yeast, is a carrier of various important nutrients. The biomass of this yeast is an extensive source of protein, exogenous amino acids, bioavailable essenctial trace minerals, and lipid compounds as mainly unsaturated fatty acids. The biomass also contains B vitamins, including vitamin B12, and many other bioactive components. Therefore, Y. lipolytica biomass can be used in food supplements for humans as safe and nutritional additives for maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, including for vegans and vegetarians, athletes, people after recovery, and people at risk of B vitamin deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Wang X, Luo X. Precursor Quantitation Methods for Next Generation Food Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:849177. [PMID: 35360389 PMCID: PMC8960114 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is essential for human survival. Nowadays, traditional agriculture faces challenges in balancing the need of sustainable environmental development and the rising food demand caused by an increasing population. In addition, in the emerging of consumers' awareness of health related issues bring a growing trend towards novel nature-based food additives. Synthetic biology, using engineered microbial cell factories for production of various molecules, shows great advantages for generating food alternatives and additives, which not only relieve the pressure laid on tradition agriculture, but also create a new stage in healthy and sustainable food supplement. The biosynthesis of food components (protein, fats, carbohydrates or vitamins) in engineered microbial cells often involves cellular central metabolic pathways, where common precursors are processed into different proteins and products. Quantitation of the precursors provides information of the metabolic flux and intracellular metabolic state, giving guidance for precise pathway engineering. In this review, we summarized the quantitation methods for most cellular biosynthetic precursors, including energy molecules and co-factors involved in redox-reactions. It will also be useful for studies worked on pathway engineering of other microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Kumar V, Bansal V, Madhavan A, Kumar M, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Binod P, Saran S. Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) chemicals: a critical review of current biotechnological approaches. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4309-4327. [PMID: 35135435 PMCID: PMC8973766 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to generate a framework of bio-based economy by an effective utilization of biomass from the perspectives of agriculture for developing potential end bio-based products (e.g. pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients). Our discussion is also extended to the conservatory ways of bioenergy along with development of bio-based products and biofuels. This review article further showcased the fundamental principles for producing these by-products. Thereby, the necessity of creating these products is to be efficaciously utilization by small-scale farmers that can aid the local needs for bio-based materials and energy. Concurrently, the building up of small markets will open up the avenues and linkages for bigger markets. In nutshell, the aim of the review is to explore the pathway of the biotechnological approaches so that less chosen producers and underdeveloped areas can be allied so that pressure on the systems of biomass production can be relaxed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad-India
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government Home Science College, Affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, - Trivandrum- India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad-India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Deapartment of Food Technology, Tkm Institute of Technology, Kollam-India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- Department of Resource and Environmental Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&f University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, PR China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary, Science and Technology (Csir-niist), Trivandrum- India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Csir- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Csir-iiim), J & K, India
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Pal L, Agrawal S, Gautam A. Voacanga grandifolia (Miq.) Rolfe protects against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.363876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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39
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Deshpande MS, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar PS, Ghosalkar AR. Erythritol production from sugar based feedstocks by Moniliella pollinis using lysate of recycled cells as nutrients source. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Alamri HS, Akiel MA, Alghassab TS, Alfhili MA, Alrfaei BM, Aljumaa M, Barhoumi T. Erythritol modulates the polarization of macrophages: Potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α and Akt pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13960. [PMID: 34923647 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-calorie sweeteners are substitutes for sugar and frequently used by patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Erythritol, a natural low-calorie sugar alcohol, was linked to cardiometabolic diseases in several recent metabolomics studies. However, the characterization of its role in disease development is lacking. Macrophage polarization orchestrates the immune response in various inflammatory conditions, most notably cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, the physiological effects of Erythritol on THP-1 macrophages were investigated. We observed an increased cellular abundance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, characterized by CD11c, TNF-α, CD64, CD38, and HLA-DR markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, characterized by mannose receptor CD206. The, Erythritol increased ROS generation, and the activation of the AKT pathway, cytosolic calcium overload, and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Concomitantly, an increased population of necroptotic macrophages was observed. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Erythritol induced the proinflammatory phenotype in THP-1 macrophages and this was associated with an increased population of necroptotic macrophages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This assessment provides evidence of the effects of Erythritol on macrophages, particularly THP-1-derived macrophages. Our results support the role of Erythritol in driving the inflammation that is associated with cardiometabolic diseases and provide insights in the role of Erythritol as an inducer of necroptosis in THP-1 derived macrophages that could be associated the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Talal S Alghassab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC)/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljumaa
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Szczepańczyk M, Rzechonek DA, Dobrowolski A, Mirończuk AM. The Overexpression of YALI0B07117g Results in Enhanced Erythritol Synthesis from Glycerol by the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247549. [PMID: 34946639 PMCID: PMC8705655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used to produce erythritol from glycerol. In this study, the role of the erythrose reductase (ER) homolog YALI0B07117g in erythritol synthesis was analyzed. The deletion of the gene resulted in an increased production of mannitol (308%) and arabitol (204%) before the utilization of these polyols began. The strain overexpressing the YALI0B07117g gene was used to increase the erythritol yield from glycerol as a sole carbon source in batch cultures, resulting in a yield of 0.4 g/g. The specific consumption rate (qs) increased from 5.83 g/g/L for the WT strain to 8.49 g/g/L for the modified strain and the productivity of erythritol increased from 0.28 g/(L h) for the A101 strain to 0.41 g/(L h) for the modified strain. The application of the research may prove positive for shortening the cultivation time due to the increased rate of consumption of the substrate combined with the increased parameters of erythritol synthesis.
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42
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Bioconversions of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol into Sugar Alcohols by Newly Isolated Wild-Type Yarrowia lipolytica Strains. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of crude glycerol, generated as a by-product from the biodiesel production process, for the production of high value-added products represents an opportunity to overcome the negative impact of low glycerol prices in the biodiesel industry. In this study, the biochemical behavior of Yarrowia lipolytica strains FMCC Y-74 and FMCC Y-75 was investigated using glycerol as a carbon source. Initially, the effect of pH value (3.0–7.0) was examined to produce polyols, intracellular lipids, and polysaccharides. At low pH values (initial pH 3.0–5.0), significant mannitol production was recorded. The highest mannitol production (19.64 g L−1) was obtained by Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 at pH = 3.0. At pH values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, intracellular polysaccharides synthesis was favored, while polyols production was suppressed. Subsequently, the effect of crude glycerol and its concentration on polyols production was studied. Y. lipolytica FMCC Y-74 showed high tolerance to impurities of crude glycerol. Initial substrate concentrations influence polyols production and distribution with a metabolic shift toward erythritol production being observed when the initial glycerol concentration (Gly0) increased. The highest total polyols production (=56.64 g L−1) was obtained at Gly0 adjusted to ≈120 g L−1. The highest polyols conversion yield (0.59 g g−1) and productivity (4.36 g L−1 d−1) were reached at Gly0 = 80 g L−1. In fed-batch intermittent fermentation with glycerol concentration remaining ≤60 g L−1, the metabolism was shifted toward mannitol biosynthesis, which was the main polyol produced in significant quantities (=36.84 g L−1) with a corresponding conversion yield of 0.51 g g−1.
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Rakicka-Pustułka M, Miedzianka J, Jama D, Kawalec S, Liman K, Janek T, Skaradziński G, Rymowicz W, Lazar Z. High value-added products derived from crude glycerol via microbial fermentation using Yarrowia clade yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:195. [PMID: 34627248 PMCID: PMC8502345 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary biotechnology focuses on many problems related to the functioning of developed societies. Many of these problems are related to health, especially with the rapidly rising numbers of people suffering from civilization diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. One factor contributing to the development of these diseases is the high consumption of sucrose. A very promising substitute for this sugar has emerged: the polyhydroxy alcohols, characterized by low caloric value and sufficient sweetness to replace table sugar in food production. RESULTS In the current study, yeast belonging to the Yarrowia clade were tested for erythritol, mannitol and arabitol production using crude glycerol from the biodiesel and soap industries as carbon sources. Out of the 13 tested species, Yarrowia divulgata and Candida oslonensis turned out to be particularly efficient polyol producers. Both species produced large amounts of these compounds from both soap-derived glycerol (59.8-62.7 g dm-3) and biodiesel-derived glycerol (76.8-79.5 g dm-3). However, it is equally important that the protein and lipid content of the biomass (around 30% protein and 12% lipid) obtained after the processes is high enough to use this yeast in the production of animal feed. CONCLUSIONS The use of waste glycerol for the production of polyols as well as utilization of the biomass obtained after the process for the production of feed are part of the development of modern waste-free technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Miedzianka
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Jama
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kawalec
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Liman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skaradziński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
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Paulino BN, Molina G, Pastore GM, Bicas JL. Current perspectives in the biotechnological production of sweetening syrups and polyols. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Effects of Potential Probiotic Strains on the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:545-562. [PMID: 31301059 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both aging and diet play an important role in influencing the gut ecosystem. Using premature senescent rats induced by D-galactose and fed with high-fat diet, this study aims to investigate the effects of different potential probiotic strains on the dynamic changes of fecal microbiome and metabolites. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with D-galactose for 12 weeks to induce aging. The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7, L. fermentum DR9, and L. reuteri 8513d administration on the fecal microbiota profile, short-chain fatty acids, and water-soluble compounds were analyzed. It was found that the administration of the selected strains altered the gut microbiota diversity and composition, even at the phylum level. The fecal short-chain fatty acid content was also higher in groups that were administered with the potential probiotic strains. Analysis of the fecal water-soluble metabolites revealed that administration of L. plantarum DR7 and L. reuteri 8513d led to higher fecal content of compounds related to amino acid metabolism such as tryptophan, leucine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, valine, and lysine; while administration of L. fermentum DR9 led to higher prevalence of compounds related to carbohydrate metabolism such as erythritol, xylitol, and arabitol. In conclusion, it was observed that different strains of lactobacilli can cause difference alteration in the gut microbiota and the metabolites, suggesting the urgency to explore the specific metabolic impact of specific strains on the host.
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Vouros I, Antonoglou GN, Anoixiadou S, Kalfas S. A novel biofilm removal approach (Guided Biofilm Therapy) utilizing erythritol air-polishing and ultrasonic piezo instrumentation: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:381-390. [PMID: 34218516 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of biofilm removal of a treatment protocol combining an air-abrasive device using erythritol powder (AIRFLOW®) and an ultrasonic piezon instrumentation (Guided Biofilm Therapy/GBT) compared with the conventional mechanical approach (Scaling and Root Planing/SRP) during supportive periodontal treatment (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients, scheduled for supportive periodontal treatment at the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki were randomly assigned to either a GBT (group A: 24 participants) or a SRP (Group B: 26 participants) treatment protocol. Therapeutic interventions and clinical measurements were performed at baseline and repeated at 6 weeks. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced at each visit. A questionnaire was handed to the participants for evaluation of patient perception of both utilized approaches. RESULTS At 6 weeks, the two groups showed statistically significant reduction in plaque score and in gingival bleeding index compared with baseline. GBT required approximately 15% less chair-time than SRP with a mean difference of 5.1 min, which was statically significant (p = 0.049). Patient perception was more favourable for GBT than SRP. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm removal using erythritol AIRFLOW® and ultrasonic piezo-electric instruments (GBT) can be considered equally efficient compared with the conventional SRP. Moreover, GBT seemed to require shorter treatment time and to exhibit a more favourable patient perception than the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vouros
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios N Antonoglou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Styliani Anoixiadou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kalfas
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lv X, Wu Y, Gong M, Deng J, Gu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Ledesma-Amaro R, Liu L, Chen J. Synthetic biology for future food: Research progress and future directions. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Daza-Serna L, Serna-Loaiza S, Masi A, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR, Friedl A. From the culture broth to the erythritol crystals: an opportunity for circular economy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4467-4486. [PMID: 34043080 PMCID: PMC8195806 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The reduction of sugar intake by adults has been stated by the World Health Organization as an important strategy to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol that is considered as a highly suitable substitution for sucrose. This review article covers approaches for the separate stages of the biotechnological production of erythritol from cultivation to the downstream section. The first part focuses on the cultivation stage and compares the yields of erythritol and arising by-products achieved with different types of substrates (commercial versus alternative ones). The reported numbers obtained with the most prominently used microorganisms in different cultivation methods (batch, fed-batch or continuous) are presented. The second part focuses on the downstream section and covers the applied technologies for cell removal, recovery, purification and concentration of erythritol crystals, namely centrifugation, membrane separation, ion and preparative chromatography, crystallization and drying. The final composition of the culture broth and the preparative chromatography separation performance were identified as critical points in the production of a high-purity erythritol fraction with a minimum amount of losses. During the review, the challenges for a biotechnological production of erythritol in a circular economy context are discussed, in particular regarding the usage of sustainable resources and minimizing waste streams. Key points • Substitution of sucrose by erythritol can be a step towards a healthier society • Biotechnological production of erythritol should follow a circular economy concept • Culture broth composition and preparative chromatography are keys for downstreaming • Substrate, mother liquor and nutrients are challenges for circular economy
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Daza-Serna
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-active Enzymes, Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastián Serna-Loaiza
- Research Unit of Bioresource and Plant Science, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Audrey Masi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-active Enzymes, Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Ludwig Mach
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Rosa Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-active Enzymes, Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anton Friedl
- Research Unit of Bioresource and Plant Science, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Sabatini JJ, Johnson EC. A Short Review of Nitric Esters and Their Role in Energetic Materials. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11813-11821. [PMID: 34056335 PMCID: PMC8154001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A review of energetic materials based on the nitric ester functionality is presented. Examined are materials that are classified as primary explosives, pressable secondary explosives, melt-castable secondary explosives, and rocket- and gun-propellant materials. Disclosed are the molecular structures, physical properties, performances, and sensitivities of the most important legacy nitric esters, as well as the relevant new materials developed within the past several years. Where necessary, discussions of the synthetic protocols to synthesize these materials are also presented.
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Hui Y, Zhan Y, Hou W, Gao L, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Product Control and Insight into Conversion of C6 Aldose Toward C2, C4 and C6 Alditols in One-Pot Retro-Aldol Condensation and Hydrogenation Processes. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:560-566. [PMID: 33945238 PMCID: PMC8095293 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohols have a wide range of applicability, and their functions vary with the carbon numbers. C6 and C4 alditols are alternative of sweetener, as well as significant pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates, which are mainly obtained through the fermentation of microorganism currently. Similarly, as a bulk chemical, C2 alditol plays a decisive role in chemical synthesis. However, among them, few works have been focused on the chemical production of C4 alditol yet due to its difficult accumulation. In this paper, under a static and semi-flowing procedure, we have achieved the product control during the conversion of C6 aldose toward C6 alditol, C4 alditol and C2 alditol, respectively. About C4 alditol yield of 20 % and C4 plus C6 alditols yield of 60 % are acquired in the one-pot conversion via a cascade retro-aldol condensation and hydrogenation process. Furthermore, in the semi-flowing condition, the yield of ethylene glycol is up to 73 % thanks to its low instantaneous concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Hui
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
| | - Yulu Zhan
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
| | - Wenrong Hou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
| | - Lou Gao
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University200433 postcode is missingShanghai city is missingP. R. China
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