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Enriquez JP, Ader D. Associations between health issues and food consumption with overweight and obesity in three university students minorities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37819376 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2266045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the presence of overweight and obesity among minorities, and the factors contributing to this weight disparity. Participants: The study comprises 3405 students including nonwhite, international, and first-generation college students. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey collected data on demographics, height, weight, self-health perception, overall sleep quality, progress in school, and food consumption. Three logistic regressions tested abnormal weight associations with health issues and food consumption. Results: Being 31 years-old or older, perception of health and consumption of ultra-processed food was significant with abnormal weight (BMI > 25). Only nonwhite and international students were correlated with ultra-processed and fast-food consumption respectively. Conclusion: Each minority presented vulnerabilities to high percentages of weights exceeding the appropriate rates of BMI. The high consumption of fast and ultra-processed foods makes it important to consider factors related to health perception in each minority group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Enriquez
- Smith Center for International Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Ader
- Smith Center for International Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Li J, Yang H, Song X, Qiao M, Tao H, Niu W, Chen J, Wang L. Effectiveness of social media with or without wearable devices to improve physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior: A randomized controlled trial of Chinese postgraduates. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20400. [PMID: 37767499 PMCID: PMC10520806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to verify whether an integrating of wearable activity tracker device and a social media intervention strategy would be better than a standalone social media intervention for improving physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary time for Chinese postgraduate population. A total of 42 full-time postgraduate students participated in this study, which were randomized to receive a 4-week social media intervention through WeChat either with (Wearable Device group) or without (control group) a wearable activity tracker device. Energy expenditure, step counts, moderate to vigorous physical activity time (MVPA) and sedentary time were assessed before and after the intervention. Besides, anthropometric parameters of body weight, body mass index, body fat rate, waist-to-hip ratio, as well as self-reported quality of life were also evaluated. It was found that both energy expenditure and step counts were significantly increased, while sedentary time was significantly reduced during the post-intervention test compared to the baseline test for Wearable Device group. No significant difference of PA was found for the control group. The results demonstrated that the integrating of wearable activity tracker device and a social media intervention was effective in promoting PA, while a standalone social media intervention may have no effect on the influence of PA for Chinese postgraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Sports Science, No. 303 Zhangba East Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710065, China
| | - Xiaoqian Song
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Qiao
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Tao
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lejun Wang
- Sport and Health Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Physical Education Department, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Hutchesson MJ, Whatnall MC, Yazin N, Fenton S, Duncan MJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Burrows TL. Health behavior interventions for university students measuring mental health outcomes: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1063429. [PMID: 36568797 PMCID: PMC9771454 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1063429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many university students have poor mental health, and co-occurring health risk behaviors. Targeting health behavior change in this population may improve mental health outcomes. This scoping review describes the extent and range of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating interventions targeting health risk behaviors and measuring a mental health outcome, among university students. Methods Six electronic databases were searched for RCTs published until the 18th May 2021. Eligible RCTs included university students, evaluated interventions that promoted health behavior change (i.e., dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol and drug use, smoking, and sleep), and measured a mental health-related outcome. Results Fifty-nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria that were published from 2000 to 2021, and over half (n = 33) were conducted in the United States. Interventions evaluated within the RCTs (n = 92) predominantly targeted changes to dietary intake (n = 41 interventions), physical activity (n = 39), or alcohol intake (n = 35). Most interventions targeted one (n = 51) or two (n = 27) health behaviors only. Included RCTs considered mental ill health outcomes (n = 24), psychological wellbeing outcomes (n = 20), or both (n = 15). Discussion This scoping review identified a moderate volume of experimental research investigating the impact of health behavior interventions on university students' mental health. There is scope for further research examining health behavior interventions targeting university students, particularly interventions taking a multi-behavioral approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda J. Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Melinda J. Hutchesson
| | - Megan C. Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nazish Yazin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sasha Fenton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances J. Kay-Lambkin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Oliveira TW, Pereira PPDS, Fonseca LA, de Oliveira LML, Pereira DS, Neira CPD, Figueiredo ACMG. Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Adults in Weight Control: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224809. [PMID: 36432496 PMCID: PMC9696910 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Information and communication technologies are part of our day-to-day life in the execution of all activities, including health care. However, it is not known how much the use of technologies can contribute to the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether the use of information and communication technologies contributes to weight control among adults when compared to the traditional approach method. The search was performed in November 2021 in eight electronic databases in addition to gray literature bases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The standardized mean difference was used for the meta-analytic measurement using the random effects model using the Dersimonian-Laid method in the Stata statistical package version 17. The body mass index of the intervention group decreased by an average of 0.56 (95% CI: -0.83; -0.30) when compared to the control group. When comparing the before and after groups, the intervention group also had a greater reduction in BMI (summarized mean: -0.83; 95% CI: -1.40; -0.26). Information and communication technologies contribute to the reduction of the body mass index in the adult population when compared to the traditional model of monitoring. Prospero registration: number 42020186340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiana Wanessa Oliveira
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rondônia, Br 364, Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Perez da Silva Pereira
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rondônia, Br 364, Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-69-992586851
| | - Leonice Antunes Fonseca
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rondônia, Br 364, Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
| | | | - Dauster Souza Pereira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Novas Tecnologias na Educação (CINTED), Federal Institute of Rondônia, Avenida Lauro Sodré, 6500, Porto Velho 76804-124, Brazil
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Akam EY, Nuako AA, Daniel AK, Stanford FC. Racial Disparities and Cardiometabolic Risk: New Horizons of Intervention and Prevention. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:129-136. [PMID: 35175453 PMCID: PMC9908372 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Multiple factors contribute to this disparity including genetic and socioeconomic factors, the latter of which contributes to disparities both through systemic barriers such as healthcare access and by directly impacting metabolism through epigenetics and environment-related alterations in the gut microbiome. This review will discuss advances in medicine that can be used to identify, prognosticate, and treat cardiometabolic diseases, and how these may be used to address existing disparities. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing research aimed at identifying novel cardiometabolic disease targets and expanding the use of existing pharmacotherapies based on comorbidities. Advances in metabolomics and genomics can give insight into an individual's unique biochemical profile, providing the means for earlier identification of disease and specific treatment targets. Moreover, developments in telehealth and related medical device technologies can expand access to underserved minority populations and improve control of chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Precision medicine may be integral to bridging the racial gap in cardiometabolic disease outcomes. Developments in genomics, metabolomics, wearable medical devices, and telehealth can result in personalized treatments for patients that account for the socioeconomic and genetic factors that contribute to poor health outcomes in minorities. As research in this field rapidly progresses, special efforts must be made to ensure inclusion of racial and ethnic minority populations in clinical research and equal access to all treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftitan Y Akam
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Akua A Nuako
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Afkera K Daniel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Investigating Web-Based Nutrition Education Interventions for Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Diets in Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031691. [PMID: 35162714 PMCID: PMC8835600 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our current rapidly growing food systems are imposing a heavy burden on both environmental sustainability and human health. Sustainable and healthy diets aim to promote optimal health and have a minimal environmental impact. This study aimed to critically review and synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of web-based nutrition education interventions aiming to promote sustainable and healthy diets among young adults. Methods: A systematic search of four databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase) was conducted in March 2021. Studies were included if they used an online platform to deliver the intervention to young adults and measured at least one aspect of sustainable and healthy diets, such as plant-based food intake, food waste, and local and seasonal produce. Of the 2991 studies, a total of 221 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 22 were included in the final review. Results: A majority of the studies (82%) targeted fruit and vegetable consumption, and close to a quarter of studies (23%) targeted other aspects of a sustainable and healthy diet, such as red meat intake. Only one study included multiple aspects of a sustainable and healthy diet. Program delivery outcomes reported overall positive feedback and engagement. Conclusion: This review suggests that web-based interventions may be effective in promoting some sustainable diet-related outcomes in young adults. However, there is a need for developing and evaluating future programs to promote sustainable diets more comprehensively in order to help young adults make healthy and sustainable food choices.
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McEligot AJ, Mitra S, Beam W. The association between fitness and obesity in diverse multi-ethnic college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:290-297. [PMID: 31995450 PMCID: PMC8631309 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1665054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined differences and associations between physical fitness and behavioral factors with obesity in a multi-ethnic student population. Participants: Study population included non-Hispanic whites (NHW, n = 1,454); Hispanics (n = 1,436) and Asians (n = 1,016) at a metropolitan university from Fall 2006 to Fall 2013. Methods: Analyses of Variance and regression analyses, utilizing cross-sectional data, measured the association between fitness, and behavior with obesity. Results: BMI differences (p < .05) were observed between NHW (23.17 ± 3.67), Hispanics (24.32 ± 3.67), and Asians (22.92 ± 4.12). Fitness parameters, relative VO2 max, % body fat, and total fitness score were significantly (p < .0001) associated with obesity. Stress was strongly significantly associated with obesity in Hispanics (p < .001) and somewhat in NHW. Conclusions: Obesity disparities persist in college. Physical fitness and stress management interventions should be targeted towards Hispanic and NHW college students, which may curb current and/or adult-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jaiswal McEligot
- Department of Health Science/Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Sinjini Mitra
- Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University Fullerton, California, USA
| | - William Beam
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, California, USA
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8
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Recruiting and retaining young adults: what can we learn from behavioural interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity? A systematic review of the literature. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5686-5703. [PMID: 33722332 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe strategies used to recruit and retain young adults in nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity intervention studies, and quantify the success and efficiency of these strategies. DESIGN A systematic review was conducted. The search included six electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to 6 December 2019 that evaluated nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity interventions in young adults (17-35 years). Recruitment was considered successful if the pre-determined sample size goal was met. Retention was considered acceptable if ≥80 % retained for ≤6-month follow-up or ≥70 % for >6-month follow-up. RESULTS From 21 582 manuscripts identified, 107 RCT were included. Universities were the most common recruitment setting used in eighty-four studies (79 %). Less than half (46 %) of the studies provided sufficient information to evaluate whether individual recruitment strategies met sample size goals, with 77 % successfully achieving recruitment targets. Reporting for retention was slightly better with 69 % of studies providing sufficient information to determine whether individual retention strategies achieved adequate retention rates. Of these, 65 % had adequate retention. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights poor reporting of recruitment and retention information across trials. Findings may not be applicable outside a university setting. Guidance on how to improve reporting practices to optimise recruitment and retention strategies within young adults could assist researchers in improving outcomes.
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9
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Whatnall MC, Sharkey T, Hutchesson MJ, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Collins CE, Ashton LM. Effectiveness of interventions and behaviour change techniques for improving physical activity in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1754-1771. [PMID: 33685357 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) participation declines from adolescence to young adulthood. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve PA among healthy young adults (17-35 years), and the effectiveness of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used. Six electronic databases were searched up to December 2019, for randomized controlled trials aiming to achieve PA behaviour change among young adults. In total, 66 RCTs were included. Meta-analyses for moderate-vigorous PA (n = 11 studies), steps (n = 5 studies) and total PA (MET min/week, n = 11 studies) identified that intervention participants compared with control significantly increased PA at time points up to 3 months and >3 months. Narrative synthesis identified that 34 RCTs (52%) reported significant between group differences favouring the intervention for one or more PA outcome. BCTs with the highest effectiveness were material reward, valued self-identity and habit formation. However, the overall test of significance demonstrated no significant relationship between type or number of BCTs and effectiveness. This review identified interventions that improve steps, moderate-vigorous and total PA in young adults in the shorter-term, and BCTs associated with greater effectiveness. Further research is needed to determine strategies to achieve longer-term effectiveness of PA interventions in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Saif N, Niotis K, Dominguez M, Hodes JF, Woodbury M, Amini Y, Sadek G, Scheyer O, Caesar E, Hristov H, Knowlton N, Lee P, McInnis M, Isaacson RS. Education Research: Online Alzheimer education for high school and college students: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2020; 95:e2305-e2313. [PMID: 32665410 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease (AD) risk factors are present throughout the lifespan. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of various online education strategies concerning AD risk reduction and brain health in younger populations. METHOD High school and college students were recruited via social media (Facebook and Instagram) to join AlzU.org, an evidence-based education portal, and were randomized to 1 of 4 courses: highly interactive webinar lessons narrated by actor Seth Rogen (celebrity webinar) or a physician (doctor webinar), minimally interactive video lessons with Seth Rogen (celebrity video), or minimally interactive video lessons (control). Surveys were administered at baseline and postcourse. The primary outcome was change in knowledge of AD risk reduction assessed by pre vs post lesson quiz scores. Secondary outcomes included change in awareness of AD research, hopefulness about AD, interest in pursuing health care, willingness to volunteer, and likelihood of recommending AlzU.org. RESULT A total of 721 participants joined. A total of 281 (38.9%) completed the course. Among college students, quiz score improvements were greater in celebrity webinar and celebrity video vs doctor webinar and control. Among high school students, no differences were found in quiz scores. In both groups, celebrity webinar, celebrity video, and doctor webinar resulted in greater improvements in awareness that nutrition and exercise may reduce AD risk vs controls. Among college students, celebrity webinar and celebrity video group participants felt more hopeful about the future of AD and more likely to recommend AlzU.org vs doctor webinar and control participants. Among college students, celebrity webinar, celebrity video, and doctor webinar participants were more willing to volunteer for AD causes and pursue health care careers vs controls. CONCLUSION Online education involving a celebrity may be an effective strategy for educating college students about AD risk reduction strategies. Further studies are warranted in high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Saif
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kellyann Niotis
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Moises Dominguez
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - John F Hodes
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Michael Woodbury
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yasmin Amini
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - George Sadek
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Olivia Scheyer
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emily Caesar
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hollie Hristov
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Newman Knowlton
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paige Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mark McInnis
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard S Isaacson
- From the Department of Neurology (N.S., K.N., M.D., G.S., H.H., M.M., R.S.I.), Weill Cornell Medicine & New York-Presbyterian, New York; Pacific Brain Health Center (J.F.H.), Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Harvard Medical School (M.W.), Boston, MA; Mailman School of Public Health (Y.A.), Columbia University, New York, NY; School of Law (O.S.) and College of Letters and Science (P.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Loyola School of Medicine (E.C.), Chicago, IL; and Biostatistics (N.K.), Pentara Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Napolitano MA, Lynch SB, Mavredes M, Shambon B, Posey L. Evaluating an Interactive Digital Intervention for College Weight Gain Prevention. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:890-897. [PMID: 32456988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pilot a digital interactive intervention for weight gain prevention among college students. METHODS One sample pre-post study reporting on initial usability and changes in theoretical constructs (ie, self-efficacy, behavioral capability, elaboration) and program acceptability. Twenty college freshmen (mean age, 18.25 ± 0.72 years) reviewed a digital program providing self-assessment and brief tailored feedback on 8 behaviors that relate to a healthy weight: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and consumption of sugary beverages, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables, and pizza. RESULTS At posttest, improvements in self-efficacy were found for 5 behaviors (ie, physical activity, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables); improvements in behavioral capability were found for 3 behaviors (ie, high fat snacks, fried foods, and fruits and vegetables). Acceptability benchmarks included: positive impression (60%), relevance (95%), and ease of comprehension (75%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This program demonstrates acceptability for a digital weight gain prevention intervention, with improvements in behavioral mediators of change. Suggestions to simplify messaging and allowing for user control may enhance acceptability and comprehension. There is a need for further testing with larger more diverse populations before broader implementation by universities to address student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Napolitano
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
| | | | - Meghan Mavredes
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Benjamin Shambon
- Department of Prevention and Community, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Laurie Posey
- The George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC
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Yang XH, Yu HJ, Liu MW, Zhang J, Tang BW, Yuan S, Gasevic D, Paul K, Wang PG, He QQ. The impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors and mental health among Chinese college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:587-592. [PMID: 30849021 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors, self-efficacy, and well-being among college students. Participants: Between March and October 2016, a total of 532 undergraduates participated. Methods: A theory-based intervention was conducted at Wuhan University, China. Participants were assigned to a control or intervention group (IG). The IG attended a 7-week health education class on knowledge, attitude, and practice of health behaviors. Results: Participants in the IG, compared with those in the control group (CG), reported significantly increased prevalence of high physical activity and regular breakfast, as well as lower screen time, sugar beverage intake, and Internet addiction tendency. Furthermore, intervention students improved in health behavior scores (p = 0.040), compared with the CG, while the changes in subjective well-being and self-efficacy remained similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Health education may promote health behaviors among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hao Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly Paul
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Sharkey T, Whatnall MC, Hutchesson MJ, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Collins CE, Ashton LM. Effectiveness of gender-targeted versus gender-neutral interventions aimed at improving dietary intake, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity in young adults (aged 17-35 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:78. [PMID: 32731865 PMCID: PMC7393713 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adulthood has become synonymous with the development of poor lifestyle behaviours associated with an increased risk of preventable chronic disease in later years. Interventions aiming to improve health behaviours may be more engaging and effective if they are targeted to males or females than interventions with a gender-neutral approach. This review will examine the outcome effectiveness of gender-targeted and gender-neutral interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity or overweight/obesity in young adults (17-35 years). METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 2019 that evaluated nutrition, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity interventions in young adults (17-35 years). An effective intervention was one where the change in one or more primary outcome was positive and statistically significantly different from baseline, compared with control, or if no control comparator, compared with another active intervention. Effectiveness of outcomes was compared between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies. RESULTS In total 21,582 manuscripts were identified and 107 RCTs were included; 30 gender-targeted studies (28%) and 77 gender-neutral (72%). Most gender-targeted studies were female targeted (n = 22, 73%). Primary outcome/s were adiposity (n = 36, 34%), nutrition (n = 29, 27%), physical activity (n = 28, 26%), or a combination of (n = 14, 14%). A greater proportion of gender-targeted than gender-neutral studies were effective in improving nutrition (n = 6, 100% and n = 17, 74% of studies respectively) and physical activity outcomes (n = 6, 86% and n = 14, 67% respectively), where as a greater proportion of gender-neutral studies were effective in improving adiposity outcomes (n = 13, 59% and n = 5, 36% respectively). None of these differences were statistically significant. Meta-analyses for weight found no significant differences between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies for weight loss or weight gain prevention studies. Meta-analysis for fruit and vegetable intake demonstrated a significantly greater increase in intervention participants in gender-targeted studies of +158 g/day for > 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Although differences in outcome effectiveness were identified between gender-targeted and gender-neutral studies, these were not significantly different. This is likely due to an insufficient number of studies to detect a difference. The meta-analysis for fruit and vegetable intake findings should be interpreted with caution due to including only two gender-targeted studies. The findings collectively are suggestive of a potential difference requiring further investigation. To truly determine the effectiveness of gender-targeted interventions, well-designed RCTs comparing gender-targeted interventions with gender-neutral and control are needed. REGISTRATION This systematic review is a secondary analysis of studies included in a systematic review examining the effectiveness of interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity, or overweight/obesity in young adults, for which a predefined protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017075795).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Megan C. Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Melinda J. Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Lee M. Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
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14
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Ashton LM, Sharkey T, Whatnall MC, Haslam RL, Bezzina A, Aguiar EJ, Collins CE, Hutchesson MJ. Which behaviour change techniques within interventions to prevent weight gain and/or initiate weight loss improve adiposity outcomes in young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13009. [PMID: 32064761 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Young adulthood is associated with the highest rate of weight gain compared with any other adult age group. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions with adiposity outcomes among young adults and identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. BCT utilization was assessed using Michie's 93-item BCT Taxonomy v1. Six electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing change in adiposity in young adults (17-35 years) until December 2019; identifying 21,582 articles. Fifty-one studies were included. Meta-analyses for weight (n=19 studies), body mass index (BMI) (n=20 studies), and waist circumference (n=10 studies) demonstrated no significant between-group differences at ≤3 or >3 months. There were no differences between interventions focusing on weight loss or weight-gain prevention. Narrative synthesis showed significant between-group differences in weight change, favouring the intervention in 14/43 (33%) studies. In studies assessing BMI and waist circumference, this was 31% (11/36) and 25% (4/16). Two BCTs had a percentage effectiveness ratio >50% in weight loss interventions; social support (unspecified) and self-monitoring behaviour, and one in weight-gain prevention interventions; and goal-setting (outcome). Findings demonstrate initial potential for these types of BCTs and can help build cumulative evidence towards delivering effective, cost-efficient, and replicable interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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15
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Murimi MW, Nguyen B, Moyeda-Carabaza AF, Lee HJ, Park OH. Factors that contribute to effective online nutrition education interventions: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:663-690. [PMID: 31290970 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The use of the internet and technology as a medium for delivering online nutrition education (ONE) has increased; however, evidence-based studies exploring factors that contribute to best practices in online interventions have not emerged. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to identify factors that contributed to successful ONE interventions in relation to research studies published between 2009 and 2018. DATA SOURCES Following the PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) databases. DATA EXTRACTION Five authors screened and determined the quality of the studies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system and extracted the data from the articles. DATA ANALYSIS Twenty-seven studies were included: 21 studies were website-based, 3 were delivered through smartphone application, 2 were delivered as online courses, and 1 used text messages. Tailored messages/feedback, interaction between participants and investigators, identification of specific behaviors, use theory, adequate duration, and alignment between stated objectives and activities were factors that contributed to successful online interventions, while comparison bias and the lack of specific details on duration and dosage, tracking system, objective outcome measurements, and follow-up were factors that may have interfered with successful ONE interventions. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the importance of developing ONE intervention designs that utilize factors unique to online platforms for effective interventions aimed at behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary W Murimi
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Bong Nguyen
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Oak-Hee Park
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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16
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Napolitano MA, Lynch SB, Mavredes MN, Shambon BD, Posey L. Formative work to design a digital learning self-assessment and feedback tool to prevent weight gain among college students. Digit Health 2020; 6:2055207620979458. [PMID: 33414926 PMCID: PMC7750757 DOI: 10.1177/2055207620979458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While colleges have implemented brief, tailored interventions for health-risk areas such as alcohol prevention, theoretically-guided digital learning offerings for weight gain prevention have lagged behind in programming and implementation. Thus, the objective was to design and usability test a weight gain prevention digital learning platform for college students with modules targeting key nutrition and physical activity behaviors. METHODS Development occurred in iterative phases: formative research, descriptive normative data collection, prototype development, and usability testing. Formative research consisted of background work and survey administration to incoming and current freshmen. Prototype development was guided by theories of behavior change and cognitive processing, and consisted of brief assessment and feedback using written text, graphs, and videos. Iterative usability testing was conducted. RESULTS Current freshmen reported eating more quick order meals per week than incoming freshman, but fewer high-fat snacks and fewer sugary beverages. Current freshmen reported more sedentary time than incoming freshmen. Based on iterative testing results, eight behavioral targets were established: breakfast, high-fat snacks, fried foods, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetables, physical activity, pizza intake, and sedentary behavior. Initial usability testers indicated the modules were easy to understand, held their attention, and were somewhat novel. Analysis of qualitative feedback revealed themes related to content, layout, structure and suggested refinements to the modules. CONCLUSIONS A gap exists for evidence-based obesity prevention programs targeted to adolescents as they transition into adulthood. Brief, tailored digital learning interventions show promise towards addressing key behavioral nutrition and physical activity targets among students during the transition to college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Napolitano
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George
Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington,
USA
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George
Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington,
USA
| | | | - Meghan N Mavredes
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George
Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington,
USA
| | - Benjamin D Shambon
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George
Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington,
USA
| | - Laurie Posey
- The George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington,
USA
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17
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Odum M, Xu L. Racial and sex differences of fruit and vegetable self-efficacy and intake among college students in a rural, southern location. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:825-834. [PMID: 30365916 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine fruit and vegetable intake and self-efficacy among U.S. college students in a rural, Southern location. Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 1503) enrolled in a university-wide health class at one large public institution during the spring 2017 semester. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected online and analyzed using independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA, and regression. Results: On average, participants did not meet fruit or vegetable intake recommendations. Mean self-efficacy scores were 17.2 (SD = 3.4) and 16.42 (SD = 3.7) for fruit and vegetables, respectively, with statistically significant differences observed by sex and race (p < 0.05). Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated self-efficacy explained 20.9% (fruit) and 29.3% (vegetables) of the variance in consumption. Similar patterns were found for meeting daily fruit and vegetable intake recommendations. Conclusions: Health campaigns are needed to address sex and racial disparities in college student fruit and vegetable intake and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Odum
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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18
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Rodriguez Rocha NP, Kim H. eHealth Interventions for Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:947-959. [PMID: 31347403 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119859396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. An adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FVI) has shown benefits for reduced risk of manifesting chronic diseases. Thus, development of effective interventions to promote FVI is paramount. Aim. To assess the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for FVI targeted to healthy population, in comparison with control groups, and identify the moderators contributing to their effectiveness. Method. A database search was conducted in April 2016 and July 2018 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, SciELO, and RISS, yielding 19 eligible studies. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES) by weighted standardized mean differences. Results. This meta-analysis includes 19 studies and 6,894 participants. The most common eHealth tool used was Internet-based interventions (n = 10). Most of studies were conducted in adults (n = 11), followed by children (n = 4), and adolescents (n = 4). The minimum number of behavior change techniques (BCTs) used was one, and the maximum seven. The overall ES was small (0.26, p < .001), favoring eHealth interventions. The between-studies heterogeneity was large (I2 = 62.77%, p < .001). Subgroup analyses showed that the components with larger ES were tailored interventions (0.27, p < .001), computer-based interventions (0.44, p < .001), and use of ≥7 BCTs (0.42, p < .001). Discussion. All studies showed a positive ES favoring interventions. Large heterogeneity could be explained in part by the number of BCTs and type of eHealth tool used. Nonetheless, more concrete evidence regarding other intervention components effectiveness was limited by small sample size. Conclusion. The use of eHealth tools for the improvement of FVI showed to be more effective compared with nonintervention and interventions not using these technologies. Nonetheless, more research is needed to determine the specific combination of intervention components that could translate into larger effectiveness.
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Brown T, Moore THM, Hooper L, Gao Y, Zayegh A, Ijaz S, Elwenspoek M, Foxen SC, Magee L, O'Malley C, Waters E, Summerbell CD. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD001871. [PMID: 31332776 PMCID: PMC6646867 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001871.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of childhood obesity is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. The international evidence base for strategies to prevent obesity is very large and is accumulating rapidly. This is an update of a previous review. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a range of interventions that include diet or physical activity components, or both, designed to prevent obesity in children. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL in June 2015. We re-ran the search from June 2015 to January 2018 and included a search of trial registers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet or physical activity interventions, or combined diet and physical activity interventions, for preventing overweight or obesity in children (0-17 years) that reported outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks from baseline. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk-of-bias and evaluated overall certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We extracted data on adiposity outcomes, sociodemographic characteristics, adverse events, intervention process and costs. We meta-analysed data as guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and presented separate meta-analyses by age group for child 0 to 5 years, 6 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years for zBMI and BMI. MAIN RESULTS We included 153 RCTs, mostly from the USA or Europe. Thirteen studies were based in upper-middle-income countries (UMIC: Brazil, Ecuador, Lebanon, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey, US-Mexico border), and one was based in a lower middle-income country (LMIC: Egypt). The majority (85) targeted children aged 6 to 12 years.Children aged 0-5 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 16 RCTs (n = 6261) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (mean difference (MD) -0.07 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.14 to -0.01), and had a similar effect (11 RCTs, n = 5536) on zBMI (MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.01). Neither diet (moderate-certainty evidence) nor physical activity interventions alone (high-certainty evidence) compared with control reduced BMI (physical activity alone: MD -0.22 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.01) or zBMI (diet alone: MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.04; physical activity alone: MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.13) in children aged 0-5 years.Children aged 6 to 12 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 14 RCTs (n = 16,410) that physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (MD -0.10 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.05). However, there is moderate-certainty evidence that they had little or no effect on zBMI (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02). There is low-certainty evidence from 20 RCTs (n = 24,043) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced zBMI (MD -0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01). There is high-certainty evidence that diet interventions, compared with control, had little impact on zBMI (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01) or BMI (-0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.06).Children aged 13 to 18 years: There is very low-certainty evidence that physical activity interventions, compared with control reduced BMI (MD -1.53 kg/m2, 95% CI -2.67 to -0.39; 4 RCTs; n = 720); and low-certainty evidence for a reduction in zBMI (MD -0.2, 95% CI -0.3 to -0.1; 1 RCT; n = 100). There is low-certainty evidence from eight RCTs (n = 16,583) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, had no effect on BMI (MD -0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.05); or zBMI (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.07; 6 RCTs; n = 16,543). Evidence from two RCTs (low-certainty evidence; n = 294) found no effect of diet interventions on BMI.Direct comparisons of interventions: Two RCTs reported data directly comparing diet with either physical activity or diet combined with physical activity interventions for children aged 6 to 12 years and reported no differences.Heterogeneity was apparent in the results from all three age groups, which could not be entirely explained by setting or duration of the interventions. Where reported, interventions did not appear to result in adverse effects (16 RCTs) or increase health inequalities (gender: 30 RCTs; socioeconomic status: 18 RCTs), although relatively few studies examined these factors.Re-running the searches in January 2018 identified 315 records with potential relevance to this review, which will be synthesised in the next update. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions that include diet combined with physical activity interventions can reduce the risk of obesity (zBMI and BMI) in young children aged 0 to 5 years. There is weaker evidence from a single study that dietary interventions may be beneficial.However, interventions that focus only on physical activity do not appear to be effective in children of this age. In contrast, interventions that only focus on physical activity can reduce the risk of obesity (BMI) in children aged 6 to 12 years, and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. In these age groups, there is no evidence that interventions that only focus on diet are effective, and some evidence that diet combined with physical activity interventions may be effective. Importantly, this updated review also suggests that interventions to prevent childhood obesity do not appear to result in adverse effects or health inequalities.The review will not be updated in its current form. To manage the growth in RCTs of child obesity prevention interventions, in future, this review will be split into three separate reviews based on child age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Brown
- Durham UniversityDepartment of Sport and Exercise SciencesDurhamUK
- Fuse, the NIHR Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthDurhamUK
| | - Theresa HM Moore
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolCanynge HallBristolUKBS8 2PS
- NIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristol‐ None ‐UKBS1 2NT
| | - Lee Hooper
- University of East AngliaNorwich Medical SchoolNorwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkUKNR4 7TJ
| | - Yang Gao
- Hong Kong Baptist UniversityDepartment of Sport and Physical EducationKowloonHong Kong
| | - Amir Zayegh
- The Royal Children's HospitalGeneral MedicineMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
| | - Sharea Ijaz
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolCanynge HallBristolUKBS8 2PS
- NIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristol‐ None ‐UKBS1 2NT
| | - Martha Elwenspoek
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolCanynge HallBristolUKBS8 2PS
- NIHR CLAHRC West at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristol‐ None ‐UKBS1 2NT
| | - Sophie C Foxen
- Royal Air Force High WycombeDefence Medical ServicesNaphillBucksUKHP14 4UE
| | - Lucia Magee
- Royal United HospitalMedical DepartmentBathUK
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Durham UniversityDepartment of Sport and Exercise SciencesDurhamUK
- Fuse, the NIHR Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthDurhamUK
| | | | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- Durham UniversityDepartment of Sport and Exercise SciencesDurhamUK
- Fuse, the NIHR Centre for Translational Research in Public HealthDurhamUK
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Willmott T, Pang B, Rundle-Thiele S, Badejo A. Reported theory use in electronic health weight management interventions targeting young adults: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 13:295-317. [PMID: 31161877 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1625280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This review assesses the extent of reported theory use in electronic health weight management interventions targeting young adults aged 18-35 years. Twenty-four eligible studies were identified. Two independent reviewers extracted data and coded for theory use using the Theory Coding Scheme. Overall, the mean total use of theory score was 6/23 (SD = 5; Min. = 0, Max. = 17); 17 studies were classified as having weak application of theory, five as moderate, and two as strong. The majority (N = 18) of studies mentioned theory, however, most (N = 14) did not report how intervention techniques related to theoretical base. No study used theory to select intervention recipients and only four used theory to tailor intervention techniques to recipients. Limited studies reported theory testing (N = 6) and no study used intervention results to build and/or refine theory. Results indicate that weight-related outcomes may be enhanced when at least one or more theoretical constructs are explicitly linked to an intervention technique and when theoretical constructs are included in evaluations. Increases in theory application and reporting are needed to assist the scientific research community in systematically identifying which theories work, for whom, how, why, and when; thereby delivering an advanced understanding of how best to apply theory to enhance intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Willmott
- a Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University , Queensland , Australia
| | - Bo Pang
- a Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University , Queensland , Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- a Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University , Queensland , Australia
| | - Abi Badejo
- a Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University , Queensland , Australia
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21
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Ashton LM, Sharkey T, Whatnall MC, Williams RL, Bezzina A, Aguiar EJ, Collins CE, Hutchesson MJ. Effectiveness of Interventions and Behaviour Change Techniques for Improving Dietary Intake in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040825. [PMID: 30979065 PMCID: PMC6520715 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor eating habits are common during young adulthood and influence chronic disease morbidity. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve dietary intake among young adults and, identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. Six electronic databases were searched for RCTs published until October 2018, and evaluating behavioural interventions assessing change in dietary intake in young adults (17–35 years). Of the 18,779 articles identified, 54 were included. Forty studies focused on fruit and/or vegetable intake, of which 63% showed a significant between-group difference in favour of the intervention group. Meta-analysis (n = 17) demonstrated a significant increase in fruit and vegetable intake of +68.6 g/day after three months of intervention and +65.8 g/day for interventions >3 months when compared to control. A meta-analysis (n = 5) on total energy intake found no significant differences between groups. The BCTs with the highest effectiveness ratio were habit formation (100%), salience of consequences (83%) and adding objects to the environment (70%). The review highlights the potential of behavioural interventions to improve young adults’ fruit and vegetable intake but was less convincing for other dietary outcomes. Due to the lack of studies including each BCT, the BCTs imperative to success could not be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Thomas Sharkey
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Aaron Bezzina
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
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Willmott TJ, Pang B, Rundle-Thiele S, Badejo A. Weight Management in Young Adults: Systematic Review of Electronic Health Intervention Components and Outcomes. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e10265. [PMID: 30724736 PMCID: PMC6381405 DOI: 10.2196/10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young adulthood is a vulnerable period for unhealthy lifestyle adoption and excess weight gain. Scant attention has been focused on developing and evaluating effective weight gain prevention strategies for this age group. Electronic health (eHealth) offers potential as a cost-effective means of delivering convenient, individually-tailored, and contextually-meaningful interventions at scale. Objective The primary aim of this systematic review was to locate and synthesize the evidence on eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults, with a particular focus on (eHealth) intervention components and outcomes. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search strategy was executed across the following electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Emerald, Education Resources Information Center, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Ovid, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Furthermore, 2 reviewers independently assessed records for eligibility: peer-reviewed, published in English, and report evaluations of eHealth weight management interventions targeting healthy young adults (aged 18-35 years). Data were then extracted from studies that met the criteria for inclusion. The methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. A comprehensive narrative evidence synthesis was then completed. Results Out of the 1301 studies assessed for eligibility, 24 met the criteria for inclusion. According to the EPHPP quality assessment tool, overall, 19 studies were as rated weak, 5 as moderate, and none as strong. The narrative synthesis of intervention outcomes found 8 studies reported positive weight-related outcomes, 4 reported mixed outcomes, and 12 did not report any significant changes in weight-related outcomes. The narrative synthesis of (eHealth) intervention components led to 3 levels of classification. A total of 14 studies were classified as Web-based, 3 as mobile-based, and 7 as multicomponent interventions. Following the narrative synthesis, 5 key strategies were thematically identified: self-regulation (goal setting and self-monitoring), tailored or personalized feedback, contact with an interventionist, social support, and behavioral prompts (nudges and reminders) and booster messages. Conclusions Findings highlight the limited evidence base for eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults. The complex nature of weight management presents an ongoing challenge for interventionists to identify what works, for whom, how, and when. The quality of the evidence in this review was generally assessed as weak; however, assessment tools such as the EPHPP are principally concerned with what should be and this is seldom equivalent to what works. Thus, while sampling, study design and retention rates will remain key determining factors of reliability and validity, further research attention directed toward the development of guiding tools for community trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Jade Willmott
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Bo Pang
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Abi Badejo
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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23
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Juniar D, van Ballegooijen W, Karyotaki E, van Schaik A, Passchier J, Heber E, Lehr D, Sadarjoen SS, Riper H. Web-Based Stress Management Program for University Students in Indonesia: Systematic Cultural Adaptation and Protocol for a Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11493. [PMID: 30681970 PMCID: PMC6367666 DOI: 10.2196/11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of university students experiencing stress is increasing, which often leads to adverse effects such as poor grades, academic probation, and emotional problems. Unfortunately, most of these problems remain untreated because of limited professional resources and fear of stigma. Several Web-based stress management interventions are now available for student populations, but these treatments are not yet available in Indonesia. To make treatment for stress more acceptable in Indonesia, a cultural adaptation process is needed, and part of the process is assessing the feasibility of the adapted intervention. Objective This paper describes the first two stages of a cultural adaptation process and the protocol of a feasibility study that will assess the acceptability of a culturally adapted stress management intervention for university students in Indonesia. Methods Focus group discussions with Indonesian university students were held, and input from Indonesian psychologists was gathered for developing the adapted intervention. A single-group feasibility study with a pre-post design will be conducted. We will recruit at minimum 50 university students who have an elevated level of stress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales–42 stress subscale score ≥15), identify themselves as being of Indonesian culture (eg, able to speak Bahasa Indonesia fluently), and are studying at a university in Indonesia. The primary endpoints of this study will be rates of participant satisfaction, system usability, dropout rates, and level of adherence. We will also use qualitative data to assess the adapted intervention more thoroughly. Secondary study endpoints will be quality of life, stress, anxiety, and depression levels. Feasibility parameters (eg, participant satisfaction, system usability, and level of adherence) will be summarized with descriptive statistics. Two-tailed paired within-group t tests will be used to analyze stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Results The enrollment of pilot study is currently ongoing. First results are expected to be ready for analysis in the second half of 2019. The project was funded as part of a PhD trajectory in 2015 by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education. Conclusions This is one of the first studies to assess the feasibility of a culturally adapted Web-based stress management intervention for university students in Indonesia. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11493
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Heber
- GET.ON Institute for Online Health Training, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
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24
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Saleh D, Camart N, Sbeira F, Romo L. Can we learn to manage stress? A randomized controlled trial carried out on university students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200997. [PMID: 30183710 PMCID: PMC6124718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In our research, we examined the efficacy of an Internet-based stress management program. Our interest in evaluating this type of intervention is based on the increasing accessibility of the Internet today, the growth of Internet-based interventions for various psychopathological problems, and the observation that despite the prevalence of stress among university students, only a fraction of students ever seek professional help. Methodology: “I’m managing my stress” (“Je gère mon stresse”), an Internet-based self-help program composed of four sessions, was examined in this study. The aforementioned program is based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and was inspired by the “Funambule” program in Quebec. Four questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Scale of Satisfaction in Studies, and General Health Questionnaire) uploaded online were answered thrice: during “preintervention”, “postintervention”, and “follow-up” stages, the latter of which occurred three months after the intervention. The sample comprised 128 university students, with the majority being women (81.25%). The subjects were divided randomly into two groups (an experimental group and a control group that did not follow the program). Results: The self-esteem scores of the control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group at the preintervention stage, but this difference disappeared at the postintervention and follow-up stages. There were also significantly lower scores on the General Health Questionnaire subfactors of somatic symptoms and anxiety/insomnia in the experimental group than in the control group during the postintervention stage, though no differences were observed before the intervention. These differences no longer remained after three months. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the intervention over time in the experimental group. Effects were observed at both the postintervention and follow-up stages for self-esteem, perceived stress, satisfaction in studies, and in the somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia and severe depression aspects of the General Health Questionnaire (Cohen’s d = 0.38 to 4.58). In contrast, no effects were observed in the control group. Conclusion: This type of Internet-based program has the ability to reach a large number of students due to its rather short format and accessibility. It has already shown improvements in terms of the levels of perceived stress, psychological distress and satisfaction with studies. The option of online interventions could appeal specifically to students who do not seek professional help. However, even though these results are promising at the postintervention stage, they are limited, as indicated by the lack of significant differences between the two groups after the initial three months of follow-up. We still, specifically, need to improve this intervention program and, generally, need more research to address the methodological problems raised by this type of intervention. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN13709272
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saleh
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Counseling Psychology, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathalie Camart
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Fouad Sbeira
- Counseling Psychology, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- CMME, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Unité Inserm U864, CPN, Paris, France
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Royal KD, Hunt S, Scharf V, Correa M, Mariani C. Strategies Used for Making Healthy Eating Choices among Veterinary Medical Students. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 45:364-380. [PMID: 29897314 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0317-041r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy eating is a challenge for most college students, and students in the field of veterinary medicine are no exception. Health experts have recommended that universities emphasize the importance of healthy eating and promote healthy eating habits among students. However, before we can begin offering targeted interventions to promote healthy eating strategies and behaviors, we must first understand students' current strategies used for making healthy eating choices, self-reported eating habits, and perceptions of diet quality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand veterinary medical students' perceptions of current diet quality and to characterize their strategies for making healthy eating choices. Results indicate veterinary medical students employ a wide range of strategies and behaviors for healthy eating, yet few students reported eating a diet of poor quality. We conclude that while most students report eating a relatively healthy diet, variation in strategies used suggests room for improvement for many. This article discusses potential intervention strategies to promote healthy eating among veterinary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Royal
- Assistant Professor of Educational Assessment & Outcomes, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
| | - Suzanne Hunt
- North Carolina State University, Department of University Recreation, 2611 Cates Avenue, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Valery Scharf
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Maria Correa
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Christopher Mariani
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
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Stephens JD, Yager AM, Allen J. Smartphone Technology and Text Messaging for Weight Loss in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 32:39-46. [PMID: 26646593 PMCID: PMC4896848 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using smartphone technology and text messaging for health is a growing field. This type of technology is well integrated into the lives of young adults. However, few studies have tested the effect of this type of technology to promote weight loss in young adults OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of a behaviorally based smartphone application for weight loss combined with text messaging from a health coach on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in young adults as compared with a control condition. METHODS Sixty-two young adults, aged 18 to 25 years, were randomized to receive (1) a smartphone application + health coach intervention and counseling sessions or (2) control condition with a counseling session. All outcome measures were tested at baseline and 3 months. These included weight, BMI, waist circumference, dietary habits, physical activity habits, and self-efficacy for healthy eating and physical activity. RESULTS The sample was 71% female and 39% white, with an average age of 20 years and average BMI of 28.5 kg/m. Participants in the smartphone + health coach group lost significantly more weight (P = .026) and had a significant reduction in both BMI (P = .024) and waist circumference (P < .01) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of this weight loss trial support the use of smartphone technology and feedback from a health coach on improving weight in a group of diverse young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna D Stephens
- Janna D. Stephens, PhD, RN Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus Allison M. Yager, BS BSN Student, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Jerilyn Allen, RN, ScD, FAAN Professor, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Monroe CM, Turner-McGrievy G, Larsen CA, Magradey K, Brandt HM, Wilcox S, Sundstrom B, West DS. College Freshmen Students' Perspectives on Weight Gain Prevention in the Digital Age: Web-Based Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e71. [PMID: 29025698 PMCID: PMC5658646 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College freshmen are highly vulnerable to experiencing weight gain, and this phenomenon is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality in older adulthood. Technology offers an attractive and scalable way to deliver behavioral weight gain prevention interventions for this population. Weight gain prevention programs that harness the appeal and widespread reach of Web-based technologies (electronic health or eHealth) are increasingly being evaluated in college students. Yet, few of these interventions are informed by college students' perspectives on weight gain prevention and related lifestyle behaviors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess college freshmen students' concern about weight gain and associated topics, as well as their interest in and delivery medium preferences for eHealth programs focused on these topics. METHODS Web-based surveys that addressed college freshmen students' (convenience sample of N=50) perspectives on weight gain prevention were administered at the beginning and end of the fall 2015 semester as part of a longitudinal investigation of health-related issues and experiences in first semester college freshmen. Data on weight gain prevention-related concerns and corresponding interest in eHealth programs targeting topics of potential concern, as well as preferred program delivery medium and current technology use were gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A considerable proportion of the freshmen sample expressed concern about weight gain (74%, 37/50) and both traditional (healthy diet: 86%, 43/50; physical activity: 64%, 32/50) and less frequently addressed (stress: 82%, 41/50; sleep: 74%, 37/50; anxiety and depression: 60%, 30/50) associated topics within the context of behavioral weight gain prevention. The proportion of students who reported interest in eHealth promotion programs targeting these topics was also generally high (ranging from 52% [26/50] for stress management to 70% [35/50] for eating a healthy diet and staying physically active). Email was the most frequently used electronic platform, with 96% (48/50) of students reporting current use of it. Email was also the most frequently cited preferred eHealth delivery platform, with 86% (43/50) of students selecting it. Facebook was preferred by the second greatest proportion of students (40%, 20/50). CONCLUSIONS Most college freshmen have concerns about an array of weight gain prevention topics and are generally open to the possibility of receiving eHealth interventions designed to address their concerns, preferably via email compared with popular social media platforms. These preliminary findings offer a foundation to build upon when it comes to future descriptive investigations focused on behavioral weight gain prevention among college freshmen in the digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Monroe
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Chelsea A Larsen
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Karen Magradey
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Heather M Brandt
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Beth Sundstrom
- Department of Communication, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Delia Smith West
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Oosterveen E, Tzelepis F, Ashton L, Hutchesson MJ. A systematic review of eHealth behavioral interventions targeting smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and/or obesity for young adults. Prev Med 2017; 99:197-206. [PMID: 28130046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of randomized control trials (RCT) was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth behavioral interventions aiming to improve smoking rates, nutrition behaviors, alcohol intake, physical activity levels and/or obesity (SNAPO) in young adults. Seven electronic databases were searched for RCTs published in English from 2000 to April 2015 and evaluating eHealth interventions aiming to change one or multiple SNAPO outcomes, and including young adult (18-35years) participants. Of 2,159 articles identified, 45 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions targeted alcohol (n=26), followed by smoking (n=7), physical activity (n=4), obesity (n=4) and nutrition (n=1). Three interventions targeted multiple behaviors. The eHealth interventions were most often delivered via websites (79.5%). Most studies (n=32) compared eHealth interventions to a control group (e.g. waiting list control, minimal intervention), with the majority (n=23) showing a positive effect on a SNAPO outcome at follow-up. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly lower mean number of drinks consumed/week in brief web or computer-based interventions compared to controls (Mean Difference -2.43 [-3.54, -1.32], P<0.0001, n=10). Sixteen studies compared eHealth delivery modes, with inconsistent results across target behaviors and technology types. Nine studies compared eHealth to other modes of delivery (e.g. in person) with all finding no difference in SNAPO outcomes between groups at follow-up. This review provides some evidence for the efficacy of eHealth SNAPO interventions for young adults, particularly in the short-term and for alcohol interventions. But there is insufficient evidence for their efficacy in the longer-term, as well as which mode of delivery is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Oosterveen
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Hunter Building (HA12), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
| | - Lee Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Hunter Building (HA12), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Hunter Building (HA12), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Saleh D, Camart N, Romo L. Intervention de gestion du stress par Internet chez les étudiants : revue de la littérature. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rerksuppaphol L, Rerksuppaphol S. Internet Based Obesity Prevention Program for Thai School Children- A Randomized Control Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:SC07-SC11. [PMID: 28511471 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21423.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet based obesity prevention program is one approach in learning strategies to improve healthy behaviour. It has been advocated as one strategy to address the rising prevalence of childhood obesity; however, their efficacy is not seen consistently. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of internet based obesity prevention program in Thai school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy children studying in public schools in one township of central Thailand were randomly assigned to either the intervention (internet based) program or the control group. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded at baseline and for the next four following months at monthly intervals. Changes in the percentage of overweight/obese children and changes in BMI at the end of study were considered as the primary and secondary outcome, respectively. RESULTS A total of 217 children, mean age of 10.7 years, were included into the final analysis. Baseline anthropometric parameters and percentages of overweight/obesity were not significantly different between groups. At the end of the study, the control group had a higher percentage of overweight/obesity than the intervention group (56.6% vs. 39.6%, respectively; p-value=0.009). Children in the control group had a significantly higher increase in net BMI gains than those in the intervention group (1.24kg/m2 vs. 0.40kg/m2, p-value=0.027). The intervention group had no changes in BMI z-score (-0.001, 95%CI -0.19 to 0.18, p-value=0.988), contrary to those in the control group, which had significant gain of BMI z-score at the end of study (0.45, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.63, p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION Internet the based obesity prevention program was effective in modifying anthropometric outcome and helped to address the rising prevalence of overweight and obese status in Thai children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkana Rerksuppaphol
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
| | - Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol
- Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
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Mosdøl A, Lidal IB, Straumann GH, Vist GE. Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases in adult, ethnic minorities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD011683. [PMID: 28211056 PMCID: PMC6464363 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011683.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, a balanced diet, avoidance of tobacco exposure, and limited alcohol consumption may reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Mass media interventions are commonly used to encourage healthier behaviours in population groups. It is unclear whether targeted mass media interventions for ethnic minority groups are more or less effective in changing behaviours than those developed for the general population. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of mass media interventions targeting adult ethnic minorities with messages about physical activity, dietary patterns, tobacco use or alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of NCDs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, SweMed+, and ISI Web of Science until August 2016. We also searched for grey literature in OpenGrey, Grey Literature Report, Eldis, and two relevant websites until October 2016. The searches were not restricted by language. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for individual and cluster-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies (CBA) and interrupted time series studies (ITS). Relevant interventions promoted healthier behaviours related to physical activity, dietary patterns, tobacco use or alcohol consumption; were disseminated via mass media channels; and targeted ethnic minority groups. The population of interest comprised adults (≥ 18 years) from ethnic minority groups in the focal countries. Primary outcomes included indicators of behavioural change, self-reported behavioural change and knowledge and attitudes towards change. Secondary outcomes were the use of health promotion services and costs related to the project. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently reviewed the references to identify studies for inclusion. We extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in all included studies. We did not pool the results due to heterogeneity in comparisons made, outcomes, and study designs. We describe the results narratively and present them in 'Summary of findings' tables. We judged the quality of the evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) methodology. MAIN RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including three RCTs, two cluster-RCTs and one ITS. All were conducted in the USA and comprised targeted mass media interventions for people of African descent (four studies), Spanish-language dominant Latino immigrants (one study), and Chinese immigrants (one study). The two latter studies offered the intervention in the participants' first language (Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin). Three interventions targeted towards women only, one pregnant women specifically. We judged all studies as being at unclear risk of bias in at least one domain and three studies as being at high risk of bias in at least one domain.We categorised the findings into three comparisons. The first comparison examined mass media interventions targeted at ethnic minorities versus an equivalent mass media intervention intended for the general population. The one study in this category (255 participants of African decent) found little or no difference in effect on self-reported behavioural change for smoking and only small differences in attitudes to change between participants who were given a culturally specific smoking cessation booklet versus a booklet intended for the general population. We are uncertain about the effect estimates, as assessed by the GRADE methodology (very low quality evidence of effect). No study provided data for indicators of behavioural change or adverse effects.The second comparison assessed targeted mass media interventions versus no intervention. One study (154 participants of African decent) reported effects for our primary outcomes. Participants in the intervention group had access to 12 one-hour live programmes on cable TV and received print material over three months regarding nutrition and physical activity to improve health and weight control. Change in body mass index (BMI) was comparable between groups 12 months after the baseline (low quality evidence). Scores on a food habits (fat behaviours) and total leisure activity scores changed favourably for the intervention group (very low quality evidence). Two other studies exposed entire populations in geographical areas to radio advertisements targeted towards African American communities. Authors presented effects on two of our secondary outcomes, use of health promotion services and project costs. The campaign message was to call smoking quit lines. The outcome was the number of calls received. After one year, one study reported 18 calls per estimated 10,000 targeted smokers from the intervention communities (estimated target population 310,500 persons), compared to 0.2 calls per estimated 10,000 targeted smokers from the control communities (estimated target population 331,400 persons) (moderate quality evidence). The ITS study also reported an increase in the number of calls from the target population during campaigns (low quality evidence). The proportion of African American callers increased in both studies (low to very low quality evidence). No study provided data on knowledge and attitudes for change and adverse effects. Information on costs were sparse.The third comparison assessed targeted mass media interventions versus a mass media intervention plus personalised content. Findings are based on three studies (1361 participants). Participants in these comparison groups received personal feedback. Two of the studies recorded weight changes over time. Neither found significant differences between the groups (low quality evidence). Evidence on behavioural changes, and knowledge and attitudes typically found some effects in favour of receiving personalised content or no significant differences between groups (very low quality evidence). No study provided data on adverse effects. Information on costs were sparse. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is inadequate for understanding whether mass media interventions targeted toward ethnic minority populations are more effective in changing health behaviours than mass media interventions intended for the population at large. When compared to no intervention, a targeted mass media intervention may increase the number of calls to smoking quit line, but the effect on health behaviours is unclear. These studies could not distinguish the impact of different components, for instance the effect of hearing a message regarding behavioural change, the cultural adaptation to the ethnic minority group, or increase reach to the target group through more appropriate mass media channels. New studies should explore targeted interventions for ethnic minorities with a first language other than the dominant language in their resident country, as well as directly compare targeted versus general population mass media interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annhild Mosdøl
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
| | - Ingeborg B Lidal
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation HospitalTRS National Resource Centre for Rare DisordersNesoddtangenNorway1450
| | - Gyri H Straumann
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPrevention, Health Promotion and Organisation UnitPO Box 7004St Olavs PlassOsloNorway0130
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Pember SE, Knowlden AP. Dietary Change Interventions for Undergraduate Populations: Systematic Review and Recommendations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2016.1250018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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O'Brien LM, Palfai TP. Efficacy of a brief web-based intervention with and without SMS to enhance healthy eating behaviors among university students. Eat Behav 2016; 23:104-109. [PMID: 27619174 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy eating, such as the regular inclusion of fruits and vegetables in one's diet, is essential for maintaining optimal weight, maximizing brain and immune system functioning, and reducing the risk for disease. Despite its importance, few students meet recommended guidelines for healthy dietary behavior. The current study was designed to test the efficacy of two ehealth intervention approaches for increasing healthy eating behaviors among university students. METHODS Student volunteers from an introductory psychology class at a northeastern US university participated for class credit (n=154). Students were randomized to either an assessment only (AO), web-based nutrition intervention only (WBO), or web-intervention with daily text-messaging condition (WB+M). Participants completed measures of vegetable and fruit consumption and frequency of meals with designated healthy food selections at baseline and one-month follow-up. RESULTS Only the WB+M intervention significantly increased the likelihood of attaining vegetable consumption standards and increased the frequency of designated healthy food choice options guidelines at follow-up compared to the AO condition. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that delivering a brief web-based intervention with daily text messages about personal nutrition and fitness goals may support healthier eating patterns among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M O'Brien
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Allen JK, Stephens J, Patel A. Technology-assisted weight management interventions: systematic review of clinical trials. Telemed J E Health 2016; 20:1103-20. [PMID: 25409001 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2014.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than one-third of U.S. adults are obese, which greatly increases their risks for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. Busy healthcare professionals need effective tools and strategies to facilitate healthy eating and increase physical activity, thus promoting weight loss in their patients. Communication technologies such as the Internet and mobile devices offer potentially powerful methodologies to deliver behavioral weight loss interventions, and researchers have studied a variety of technology-assisted approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature from 2002 to 2012 was systematically reviewed by examining clinical trials of technology-assisted interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance among overweight and obese adults. RESULTS In total, 2,011 citations from electronic databases were identified; 39 articles were eligible for inclusion. Findings suggest that the use of technology-assisted behavioral interventions, particularly those that incorporate text messaging or e-mail, may be effective for producing weight loss among overweight and obese adults. CONCLUSIONS Only a small percentage of the 39 studies reviewed used mobile platforms such as Android(®) (Google, Mountain View, CA) phones or the iPhone(®) (Apple, Cupertino, CA), only two studies incorporated cost analysis, none was able to identify which features were most responsible for changes in outcomes, and few reported long-term outcomes. All of these areas are important foci for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerilyn K Allen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, Maryland
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Deliens T, Van Crombruggen R, Verbruggen S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B, Clarys P. Dietary interventions among university students: A systematic review. Appetite 2016; 105:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Walsh JC, Corbett T, Hogan M, Duggan J, McNamara A. An mHealth Intervention Using a Smartphone App to Increase Walking Behavior in Young Adults: A Pilot Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e109. [PMID: 27658677 PMCID: PMC5054234 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a growing concern for society and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the Accupedo-Pro Pedometer mobile phone app intervention, with the goal of increasing daily step counts in young adults. Methods Mobile phone users (n=58) between 17-26 years of age were randomized to one of two conditions (experimental and control). Both groups downloaded an app that recorded their daily step counts. Baseline data were recorded and followed-up at 5 weeks. Both groups were given a daily walking goal of 30 minutes, but the experimental group participants were told the equivalent goal in steps taken, via feedback from the app. The primary outcome was daily step count between baseline and follow-up. Results A significant time x group interaction effect was observed for daily step counts (P=.04). Both the experimental (P<.001) and control group (P=.03) demonstrated a significant increase in daily step counts, with the experimental group walking an additional 2000 steps per day. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that a mobile phone app can significantly increase physical activity in a young adult sample by setting specific goals, using self-monitoring, and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Walsh
- mHealth Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Nour M, Chen J, Allman-Farinelli M. Efficacy and External Validity of Electronic and Mobile Phone-Based Interventions Promoting Vegetable Intake in Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e58. [PMID: 27059765 PMCID: PMC4841894 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adults (18–35 years) remain among the lowest vegetable consumers in many western countries. The digital era offers opportunities to engage this age group in interventions in new and appealing ways. Objective This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and external validity of electronic (eHealth) and mobile phone (mHealth) -based interventions that promote vegetable intake in young adults. Methods We searched several electronic databases for studies published between 1990 and 2015, and 2 independent authors reviewed the quality and risk of bias of the eligible papers and extracted data for analyses. The primary outcome of interest was the change in vegetable intake postintervention. Where possible, we calculated effect sizes (Cohen d and 95% CIs) for comparison. A random effects model was applied to the data for meta-analysis. Reach and representativeness of participants, intervention implementation, and program maintenance were assessed to establish external validity. Published validation studies were consulted to determine the validity of tools used to measure intake. We applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to evaluate the overall quality of the body of evidence. Results Of the 14 studies that met the selection criteria, we included 12 in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, 7 studies found positive effects postintervention for fruit and vegetable intake, Cohen d 0.14–0.56 (pooled effect size 0.22, 95% CI 0.11–0.33, I2=68.5%, P=.002), and 4 recorded positive effects on vegetable intake alone, Cohen d 0.11–0.40 (pooled effect size 0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.28, I2=31.4%, P=.2). These findings should be interpreted with caution due to variability in intervention design and outcome measures. With the majority of outcomes documented as a change in combined fruit and vegetable intake, it was difficult to determine intervention effects on vegetable consumption specifically. Measurement of intake was most commonly by self-report, with 5 studies using nonvalidated tools. Longer-term follow-up was lacking from most studies (n=12). Risk of bias was high among the included studies, and the overall body of evidence was rated as low quality. The applicability of interventions to the broader young adult community was unclear due to poor description of external validity components. Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests that eHealth and mHealth strategies may be effective in improving vegetable intake in young adults; whether these small effects have clinical or nutritional significance remains questionable. With studies predominantly reporting outcomes as fruit and vegetable intake combined, we suggest that interventions report vegetables separately. Furthermore, to confidently establish the efficacy of these strategies, better-quality interventions are needed for young adults, using valid measures of intake, with improved reporting on costs, sustainability and long-term effects of programs. Trial registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42015017763; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015017763 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6fLhMgUP4)
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Nour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Gowin M, Cheney M, Gwin S, Franklin Wann T. Health and Fitness App Use in College Students: A Qualitative Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2015.1044140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hutchesson MJ, Rollo ME, Krukowski R, Ells L, Harvey J, Morgan PJ, Callister R, Plotnikoff R, Collins CE. eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16:376-92. [PMID: 25753009 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Eight databases were searched for studies published in English from 1995 to 17 September 2014. Eighty-four studies were included, with 183 intervention arms, of which 76% (n = 139) included an eHealth component. Sixty-one studies had the primary aim of weight loss, 10 weight loss maintenance, eight weight gain prevention, and five weight loss and maintenance. eHealth interventions were predominantly delivered using the Internet, but also email, text messages, monitoring devices, mobile applications, computer programs, podcasts and personal digital assistants. Forty percent (n = 55) of interventions used more than one type of technology, and 43.2% (n = 60) were delivered solely using eHealth technologies. Meta-analyses demonstrated significantly greater weight loss (kg) in eHealth weight loss interventions compared with control (MD -2.70 [-3.33,-2.08], P < 0.001) or minimal interventions (MD -1.40 [-1.98,-0.82], P < 0.001), and in eHealth weight loss interventions with extra components or technologies (MD 1.46 [0.80, 2.13], P < 0.001) compared with standard eHealth programmes. The findings support the use of eHealth interventions as a treatment option for obesity, but there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for weight loss maintenance or weight gain prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Plotnikoff RC, Costigan SA, Williams RL, Hutchesson MJ, Kennedy SG, Robards SL, Allen J, Collins CE, Callister R, Germov J. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:45. [PMID: 25890337 PMCID: PMC4393577 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving physical activity, diet, and/or weight-related behaviors amongst university/college students. Five online databases were searched (January 1970 to April 2014). Experimental study designs were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer using a standardized form developed by the researchers and checked by a second reviewer. Data were described in a narrative synthesis and meta-analyses were conducted when appropriate. Study quality was also established. Forty-one studies were included; of these, 34 reported significant improvements in one of the key outcomes. Of the studies examining physical activity 18/29 yielded significant results, with meta-analysis demonstrating significant increases in moderate physical activity in intervention groups compared to control. Of the studies examining nutrition, 12/24 reported significantly improved outcomes; only 4/12 assessing weight loss outcomes found significant weight reduction. This appears to be the first systematic review of physical activity, diet and weight loss interventions targeting university and college students. Tertiary institutions are appropriate settings for implementing and evaluating lifestyle interventions, however more research is needed to improve such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sarah A Costigan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sarah G Kennedy
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sara L Robards
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Allen
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Clare E Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - John Germov
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Stephens J, Moscou-Jackson G, Allen JK. Young adults, technology, and weight loss: a focus group study. J Obes 2015; 2015:379769. [PMID: 25789170 PMCID: PMC4348596 DOI: 10.1155/2015/379769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a major concern in young adults. Technology has been integrated into many weight loss interventions; however little is known about the use of this technology in young adults. The purpose of this study was to explore through focus group sessions the opinions of young adults on the use of technology for weight loss. A total of 17 young adults, between 18 and 25 years of age, participated in three focus group sessions. Major results indicated that young adults have very little knowledge on the use of Smartphone technology for weight loss but would like to use this type of technology to help them lose weight. Results also indicated that young adults struggle to make healthy food choices and have priorities that outweigh exercise and they need support and guidance to make better decisions. In conclusion, young adults would be open to using Smartphone technology for weight loss but also need feedback and guidance to help make healthy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Stephens
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- *Janna Stephens:
| | - Gyasi Moscou-Jackson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jerilyn K. Allen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wright K, Golder S, Rodriguez-Lopez R. Citation searching: a systematic review case study of multiple risk behaviour interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 24893958 PMCID: PMC4048585 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of citation searches as part of the systematic review process is currently unknown. While the major guides to conducting systematic reviews state that citation searching should be carried out in addition to searching bibliographic databases there are still few studies in the literature that support this view. Rather than using a predefined search strategy to retrieve studies, citation searching uses known relevant papers to identify further papers. METHODS We describe a case study about the effectiveness of using the citation sources Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and OVIDSP MEDLINE to identify records for inclusion in a systematic review.We used the 40 included studies identified by traditional database searches from one systematic review of interventions for multiple risk behaviours. We searched for each of the included studies in the four citation sources to retrieve the details of all papers that have cited these studies.We carried out two analyses; the first was to examine the overlap between the four citation sources to identify which citation tool was the most useful; the second was to investigate whether the citation searches identified any relevant records in addition to those retrieved by the original database searches. RESULTS The highest number of citations was retrieved from Google Scholar (1680), followed by Scopus (1173), then Web of Science (1095) and lastly OVIDSP (213). To retrieve all the records identified by the citation tracking searching all four resources was required. Google Scholar identified the highest number of unique citations.The citation tracking identified 9 studies that met the review's inclusion criteria. Eight of these had already been identified by the traditional databases searches and identified in the screening process while the ninth was not available in any of the databases when the original searches were carried out. It would, however, have been identified by two of the database search strategies if searches had been carried out later. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results from this investigation, citation searching as a supplementary search method for systematic reviews may not be the best use of valuable time and resources. It would be useful to verify these findings in other reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kath Wright
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A/B Block, Alcuin College, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Su Golder
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A/B Block, Alcuin College, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rocio Rodriguez-Lopez
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A/B Block, Alcuin College, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Kattelmann KK, White AA, Greene GW, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Hoerr SL, Horacek TM, Kidd T, Colby S, Phillips BW, Koenings MM, Brown ON, Olfert M, Shelnutt KP, Morrell JS. Development of Young Adults Eating and Active for Health (YEAH) internet-based intervention via a community-based participatory research model. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 46:S10-S25. [PMID: 24456834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a tailored, theory-based, Web-delivered intervention to prevent excessive weight gain in young adults using a Community-Based Participatory Research model. DESIGN Investigators from 14 universities developed the intervention and supporting administrative portal using the 4 phases of the PRECEDE model. Steering committees were composed of the target audience (aged 19-24 years) and key health/wellness personnel were formed at each institution and provided information during each phase that was used to guide development of the intervention, Project YEAH (Young Adults Eating and Active for Health). Piloting results were used to refine the curriculum and identify and avoid barriers to delivery. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative data collected at each phase informed Project YEAH development. In Phase 1, factors of highest priority to young adults were identified. In Phase 2, environmental supports for healthful lifestyles were elucidated. In Phase 3, behavior and environmental changes considered important and changeable were identified. In Phase 4, the 10-week, theory-based, stage-tailored, interactive-learning intervention with a 10-month reinforcement period was developed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Applying the PRECEDE model with fidelity during development of Project YEAH resulted in an intervention that pilot participants found relevant and useful, gained attention, instilled confidence in the ability to apply the information, and provided a sense of satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra K Kattelmann
- Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
| | - Adrienne A White
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Geoffrey W Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sharon L Hoerr
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Tanya M Horacek
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Tandalayo Kidd
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sarah Colby
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Beatrice W Phillips
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL
| | | | - Onikia N Brown
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Melissa Olfert
- Department of Human Nutrition, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Karla P Shelnutt
- Department of Family, Youth & Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jesse Stabile Morrell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
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Williams G, Hamm MP, Shulhan J, Vandermeer B, Hartling L. Social media interventions for diet and exercise behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e003926. [PMID: 24525388 PMCID: PMC3927930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the use of social media to promote healthy diet and exercise in the general population. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ERIC, PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Alt Health Watch, Health Source, Communication and Mass Media Complete, Web of Knowledge and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis (2000-2013). STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA RCTs of social media interventions promoting healthy diet and exercise behaviours in the general population were eligible. Interventions using social media, alone or as part of a complex intervention, were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We describe the studies according to the target populations, objectives and nature of interventions, outcomes examined, and results and conclusions. We extracted data on the primary and secondary outcomes examined in each study. Where the same outcome was assessed in at least three studies, we combined data in a meta-analysis. RESULTS 22 studies were included. Participants were typically middle-aged Caucasian women of mid-to-high socioeconomic status. There were a variety of interventions, comparison groups and outcomes. All studies showed a decrease in programme usage throughout the intervention period. Overall, no significant differences were found for primary outcomes which varied across studies. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences in changes in physical activity (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.13 (95% CI -0.04 to 0.30), 12 studies) and weight (SMD -0.00 (95% CI -0.19 to 0.19), 10 studies); however, pooled results from five studies showed a significant decrease in dietary fat consumption with social media (SMD -0.35 (95% CI -0.68 to -0.02)). CONCLUSIONS Social media may provide certain advantages for public health interventions; however, studies of social media interventions to date relating to healthy lifestyles tend to show low levels of participation and do not show significant differences between groups in key outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Joseph RP, Durant NH, Benitez TJ, Pekmezi DW. Internet-Based Physical Activity Interventions. Am J Lifestyle Med 2013; 8:42-68. [PMID: 25045343 DOI: 10.1177/1559827613498059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of Internet- and Website-based physical activity interventions targeting adult populations. Search procedures identified 72 unique Internet-based physical activity interventions published in peer-reviewed journals. Participants of the studies were predominately White, middle-aged (mean age = 43.3 years), and female (65.9%). Intervention durations ranged from 2 weeks to 13 months (median = 12 weeks). Forty-six of the studies were randomized controlled trials, 21 were randomized trials without a control condition, 2 were non-randomized controlled trials, and 3 used a single-group design. The majority of studies (n = 68) assessed outcomes immediately following the end of the intervention period, and 16 studies provided delayed postintervention assessments. Forty-four of the 72 studies (61.1%) reported significant increases in physical activity. Future directions for Internet-based physical activity interventions include increasing representation of minority and male populations in Internet-based efforts, conducting delayed postintervention follow-up assessments, and incorporating emerging technologies (ie, cellular and Smartphones) into Internet-based physical activity efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- School of Public Health (RPJ, TJB, DWP) and the Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (NHD), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nefertiti H Durant
- School of Public Health (RPJ, TJB, DWP) and the Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (NHD), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tanya J Benitez
- School of Public Health (RPJ, TJB, DWP) and the Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (NHD), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dorothy W Pekmezi
- School of Public Health (RPJ, TJB, DWP) and the Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (NHD), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
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