1
|
Bigwanto M, Pénzes M, Urbán R. Does sensation-seeking behavior influence the patterns of flavored e-cigarette use? A cross-sectional study among Indonesian adolescents and young adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1140. [PMID: 38658887 PMCID: PMC11040837 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variety of available flavors in e-cigarettes may be a driver for young people to start using these products. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between sensation-seeking behavior and e-cigarette use, and to identify the predictors of flavor use patterns among adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS Students aged 15 to 24 years participated from randomly selected high schools and universities in Indonesia. Participants answered questions about their demographic data, e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette use, and sensation-seeking. Flavor preferences were identified from eight different flavor categories. Multivariate multinomial regression analysis was employed to predict conventional cigarette and e-cigarette use among students. A latent class analysis was conducted to determine the number of latent classes of flavor use. RESULTS One thousand six hundred high school and university students, with a mean age of 18.2 years (SD 2.19), were recruited between March and August, 2023. Conventional cigarette use in the past 30 days was higher (16.3%) compared to e-cigarette use (13.3%, p = 0.017), with approximately 8.5% of students were being dual users. Higher levels of sensation-seeking significantly increased the odds of being a current e-cigarette user (OR = 2.54, 95%CI 1.99-3.25) and a current conventional cigarette smoker (OR = 2.38, 95%CI 1.85-3.07). Three groups of flavor classes were identified: 1) primarily menthol flavor users (14%), who had a strong association with current conventional cigarette use; 2) experimenters, who mostly preferred fruit-flavored e-cigarettes (76%); and 3) the multi-flavor user group (10%), who had a higher sensation-seeking tendency. CONCLUSIONS Flavors, especially menthol and fruit flavors, attract youth, broaden the e-cigarette audience and are particularly appealing to high sensation-seekers. Banning these flavors could significantly deter e-cigarette initiation among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Bigwanto
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, Jl Limau II, Jakarta, 12210, Indonesia.
| | - Melinda Pénzes
- Data-Driven Health Division of the National Laboratory for Health Security, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, Budapest, H-1125, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella U. 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stanley AK, Frederickson K, Pokhrel P. Electronic Cigarette Use and Anxiety Among College Students: "Trapped in That Cycle". J Addict Nurs 2024; 35:59-66. [PMID: 38829995 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette use is the most prevalent form of tobacco among young college adults between 18 and 25 years old. In addition, during the young adult years, mental health issues surface, such as anxiety. As a result of these factors, it is imperative to describe the experience of electronic cigarettes among college students to better understand the cycle of addiction among electronic cigarette users. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore and describe the experience of electronic cigarette use among college students who report feelings of anxiety. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study design with the Roy Adaptation Model as the theoretical framework was used to describe the experience. The setting was at one medium-sized private university on the east coast of the United States. Twenty participants met the study inclusion criteria of traditional undergraduate students aged 18-25 years. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a smoking status questionnaire, a self-report feelings of anxiety questionnaire, and a semistructured interview guide. RESULTS Data analysis synthesized three themes: the perfect storm, the power of ripping the nic, and trapped in that cycle. It was found through interviews that feelings of anxiety and the vape culture, along with the college experience, led to the powerful draw to electronic cigarette use among this population. CONCLUSION This study reflects findings that the college life experience, the vape culture, and the feelings of anxiety contribute to electronic cigarette use and, finally, lead to intense addiction.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin SY, Cheng X, Rossheim ME, Gress D, Cuellar AE, Cheskin L, Xue H. Associations between use of specific social media sites and electronic cigarette use among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2217-2224. [PMID: 34469259 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1965149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine dose-response associations between use of specific social media sites and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and traditional cigarettes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 298 first-year college students enrolled in the fall 2019 semester at a large state university. Heckman selection and Probit model were used to estimate associations between use of specific social media sites and e-cigarette/traditional cigarette use. RESULTS Each additional hour per day spent on Snapchat was associated with a 4.61% increase in the probability of lifetime e-cigarette use. In addition, among current e-cigarette users, more time spent on Snapchat was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use (marginal effects: 0.13, p = 0.001). Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and Instagram were not associated with traditional cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION Snapchat was the only major social media platform associated with both lifetime and current e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yu Lin
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Dustin Gress
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Alison Evans Cuellar
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loukas A, Li X, Wilkinson AV, Marti CN. Longitudinal Examination of ENDS Use Among Young Adult College Students: Associations with Depressive Symptoms and Sensation Seeking. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1068-1077. [PMID: 37428392 PMCID: PMC11210527 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined (1) intraindividual changes in the frequency of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use across young adulthood, 18 to 30 years old, and (2) if depressive symptoms and sensation-seeking tendencies, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Data were from a longitudinal study of students recruited from 24 Texas colleges and followed across six waves from fall 2015 to spring 2019. Participants (n = 1298; 36.3% non-Hispanic white, 56.3% women) were 18 to 26 years old in fall 2015 and all reported past 30-day ENDS use on at least one wave. We used growth curve modeling for an accelerated longitudinal design to examine if ENDS use frequency changed with increasing age and if depressive symptoms and sensation seeking, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Results showed that ENDS use frequency increased with increasing age. Depressive symptoms and sensation seeking were not independently associated with more frequent ENDS use or an accelerated increase in ENDS use frequency across increasing age. However, a significant two-way interaction indicated that young adults with elevated depressive symptoms used ENDS more frequently, but only when they had higher levels of sensation seeking. Findings indicate that young adults with depressive symptoms are a heterogeneous population and that those with high levels of sensation-seeking tendencies are at elevated risk for more frequent ENDS use. Interventions for young adults high in both sensation-seeking and depressive symptoms may help prevent and decrease ENDS use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enlow PT, Williford DN, Romm KF, Dino GA, Blank MD, Murray PJ, Banvard CA, Duncan CL. Predicting Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Differences by Never, Ever, and Current Users. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1-11. [PMID: 34524431 PMCID: PMC9125499 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rising rates of adolescent electronic cigarette (ECIG) use is concerning because it can lead to adverse health outcomes and increased risk behavior. There are known predictors of ever versus never ECIG use, but less are known about risk factors for ever versus current use of ECIGs. Problem behavior theory (PBT) was used to evaluate possible risk factors for different ECIG use status. METHODS Participants were 573 high school students who completed questionnaires measuring ECIG use, as well as constructs within the Social Environment, Perceived Environment, Personality, and Behavior domains of PBT. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate how predictor variables differentiated between participants who reported (a) never use, (b) ever ECIG use, or (c) current ECIG use. RESULTS Adolescents were more likely to endorse ever ECIG use than never use if they reported peer ECIG use, perceived more benefits and fewer costs (e.g., health) of ECIG use, higher extraversion, alcohol and cigarette use (never vs. ever vs. past 30 days), or attended a school with a higher percentage of socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Adolescents were more likely to report current ECIG use than ever ECIG use if they perceived fewer costs of ECIG use or used cannabis in their lifetime (yes/no). CONCLUSIONS PBT variables differentiated between ever ECIG use and never ECIG use. However, these variables did not differentiate between ever and current ECIG use. Identifying unique risk factors for current versus ever ECIG use is important to understanding persistent ECIG use and subsequent targeted prevention and intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Katelyn F Romm
- Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Geri A Dino
- WV Prevention and Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, WVU School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- WV Prevention and Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, WVU School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Pamela J Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christine A Banvard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mantey DS, Clendennen SL, Springer AE, Harrell MB. Perceived Parental Knowledge Reduces Risk for Initiation of Nicotine and Cannabis Vaping: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:623-632. [PMID: 35030966 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211061941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the role of perceived parental knowledge on initiation of nicotine and cannabis vaping among youth. DESIGN Longitudinal study from a self-administered online survey. Three waves of data collected in 6-month intervals. SETTING 79 public and private schools in Texas. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents who self-reported never using e-cigarette to vape nicotine (n=1907; weighted sample [N] = 304371) or vape cannabis (n=2212; N=351955) at baseline. Participants were in 8th, 10th, and 12th grade at baseline. MEASURES Self-reported measures of nicotine and cannabis vaping. ANALYSES Weighted multivariate logistic regression models examined role of perceived parental knowledge at baseline (Spring 2016) as a predictor of nicotine and cannabis vaping initiation at 6-month (Fall 2016) and 12 month (Spring 2017) follow-up. Covariates were age, sex, race/ethnicity, and other tobacco use. RESULTS Initiation rates were 5.9% for nicotine vaping and 8.6% for cannabis vaping, at 12-month follow-up overall. Higher perceived parental knowledge was associated with lower odds of nicotine vaping initiation at 6 months (adj OR: .69; 95% CI: .50-.93) and 12 months (adj OR: .68; 95% CI: .50-.92). Similarly, higher perceived parental knowledge was associated with lower odds of cannabis vaping initiation at 6 months (adj OR: .58; 95% CI: .38-.87) and 12 months (adj OR: .53; 95% CI: .38-.74). CONCLUSION E-cigarette prevention efforts directed at adolescents should incorporate parent engagement strategies as a method of increasing actual and perceived parental knowledge of their child's location, activities and peer groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Mantey
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew E Springer
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alayli AFG, Kotz D, Kastaun S. Recreational Cannabidiol: Awareness, Prevalence of use, and Associated Factors in a Representative Sample of the German Population. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1417-1424. [PMID: 35686726 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2083175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recreational cannabidiol (CBD) is frequently promoted as a medicinal or therapeutic cannabis product worldwide. Nationwide population-based data on awareness and use of recreational CBD are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE This study estimates the prevalence of recreational CBD awareness and use among the population in Germany. It also explores potential associations with socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco smoking, and e-cigarette use. METHODS We used data from a cross-sectional household survey (German Study on Tobacco Use, DEBRA) fielded across two waves in October-November 2020 and February-March 2021. Data were collected using computer-assisted face-to-face interviews among participants aged ≥14 years (n = 4026). Outcome variables were CBD awareness (yes/no) and CBD ever use (yes/no). The sample was weighted to ensure representativeness of the prevalence estimates. Associations with socio-demographic variables, tobacco smoking, and e-cigarette use were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Approximately half of the population in Germany (48.3%, 95% CI: 46.8-49.9) was aware of recreational CBD products, and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.7-5.0) had ever used them (including 1.1% current users). Awareness was associated with younger age, higher education levels, female sex, living in urban regions, no migration background, tobacco smoking, and e-cigarette use. Ever use was associated with higher education levels, living in urban regions, tobacco smoking, and e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of recreational CBD products is high but ever use is currently low in Germany. Given the uncertain legal framework regarding the marketing of recreational CBD products, the changing retail landscape, and potential harms of CBD use, structured monitoring is warranted for public health purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F G Alayli
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - D Kotz
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Kastaun
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Longitudinal Associations of Substance Use Risk Profiles with the Use of Alternative Tobacco Products and Conventional Smoking among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413248. [PMID: 34948856 PMCID: PMC8701906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although personality is associated with the onset of substance use (i.e., conventional smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use) during adolescence, it is unclear whether personality traits are also associated with the onset of use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs), i.e., electronic cigarettes, shisha-pens, and water pipes. This study examines whether personality traits are associated with the onset of use of both conventional cigarettes and ATPs. Longitudinal data (baseline and 18-month follow-up) were used. The sample consisted of 1114 non-user adolescents (mean age = 13.36, SD = 0.93, 56% female) at baseline. To measure personality traits, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale was used with four subscales: anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, sensation seeking, and impulsivity. Structural equation models were conducted using Mplus 7.3. Results showed that both hopelessness and sensation seeking were associated with the onset of use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Further, sensation seeking and impulsivity were associated with the onset of use of shisha-pens and water pipes. In conclusion, to prevent adolescents from using ATPs and/or conventional cigarettes, it is important to take their personality traits into account. More research on other (shared) risk factors and on more advanced stages of ATP use is needed before effective prevention strategies can be developed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi R, Kang HG. Intention to quit smoking according to smoking preferences and perceptions of electronic cigarettes among university students in South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28133. [PMID: 35049244 PMCID: PMC9191613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to alleviate unhealthy smoking habits among university students and provide the basic data necessary for public health-oriented approaches such as developing regulations and policies on electronic cigarettes by analyzing the relationship between university students' smoking preferences, perceptions of electronic cigarettes, and intention to quit smoking.This study involved 567 college students and conducted frequency and chi-squared analyses of the general characteristics, smoking preferences, and perceptions of electronic cigarettes. This study also performed logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship between intention to quit smoking stratified by smoking preferences and the perceptions about electronic cigarettes. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis.This study showed that electronic cigarette smokers were approximately 6.4 to 10.8 times more likely to think that electronic cigarettes positively affect smoking cessation attitude than nonsmokers. This study showed that regular cigarette smokers were approximately 1.7 to 2.2 times and other smoker 3.3 to 3.9 times more likely to think that electronic cigarettes positively affect smoking cessation attitude than nonsmokers. Those who perceived harmless to the human body, capable of reducing the frequency of smoking, and less harmful than tobacco were approximately 2.6 to 2.9, 11.6 to 12.8, and 3.3 to 3.7 times more likely have intention to quit smoking, respectively.Regular health education, advertising awareness of health hazards, and public health science-oriented approaches and policies for smoking cessation support services are needed to create awareness on electronic cigarettes among university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoung Choi
- Department of Health Administration, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee A, Park S, Kim J. Factors Associated with Former and Current E-Cigarette Use Among Lifetime Cigarette-Smoking College Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Teah GE, Conner TS. Psychological and Demographic Predictors of Vaping and Vaping Susceptibility in Young Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 12:659206. [PMID: 34484026 PMCID: PMC8415821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as vaping, is becoming popular among young adults. Few studies have explored the psychological factors that predict ENDS use and susceptibility in young adults, in addition to known demographic predictors. Method In a cross-sectional survey design, 521 young adults (37% male), ages 18-25 from the United States, were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in 2019, to answer an online survey measuring demographic characteristics and psychological characteristics related to mental health and the Big Five personality traits. The survey also included measures of ENDS ever-use, current use, and susceptibility (never users open to trying ENDS), which we predicted from the demographic and psychological measures using independent and multiple binary logistic regression analyses. Results Of those surveyed (n = 521), 282 (54.1%) were ENDS ever-users, 93 (17.9%) were current ENDS users, and 61 (11.7%) were ENDS susceptible; 62 (11.9%) were current smokers. Demographically, young adults lower in adulthood socioeconomic-status (SES), not pursuing education further than high school, and current smokers were more likely to be ENDS users. Psychologically, young adults higher in anxiety and lower in conscientiousness more likely to have ever-used ENDS. Lower conscientiousness further predicted current ENDS use and ENDS susceptibility. Conclusion In this sample of MTurk workers, young adults with experience in vaping were more demographically and psychologically vulnerable than young adults with no experience in vaping. Young adults interested in vaping, but without prior experience, were less conscientious than their non-interested peers. Interventions to target vaping use should focus on economically disadvantaged young adults and those lower in conscientiousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Teah
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tamlin S Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Swann AC, Graham DP, Wilkinson AV, Kosten TR. Nicotine Inhalation and Suicide: Clinical Correlates and Behavioral Mechanisms. Am J Addict 2021; 30:316-329. [PMID: 34109688 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Extensive evidence links smoking and suicide independently of psychiatric diagnoses, but there are questions about the pathophysiology and specificity of this relationship. We examined characteristics of this linkage to identify potential transdiagnostic mechanisms in suicide and its prevention. METHODS We reviewed literature that associated suicide with smoking and e-cigarettes, including the temporal sequence of smoking and suicide risk and their shared behavioral risk factors of sensitization and impulsivity. RESULTS Smoking is associated with increased suicide across psychiatric diagnoses and in the general population, proportionately to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Rapid nicotine uptake into the brain through inhalation of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette), or even second-hand smoke can facilitate long-term sensitization and short-term impulsivity. Both impair action regulation and predispose to negative affect, continued smoking, and suicidal behavior. Intermittent hypoxia, induced by cigarettes or e-cigarettes, synergistically promotes impulsivity and sensitization, exacerbating suicidality. Two other shared behavioral risks also develop negative urgency (combined impulsivity and negative affect) and cross-sensitization to stressors or to other addictive stimuli. Finally, early smoking onset, promoted by e-cigarettes in never-smokers, increases subsequent suicide risk. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Prevention or cessation of nicotine inhalation can strategically prevent suicidality and other potentially lethal behavior regardless of psychiatric diagnoses. Medications for reducing smoking and suicidality, especially in younger smokers, should consider the neurobehavioral mechanisms for acute impulsivity and longer-term sensitization, potentially modulated more effectively through glutamate antagonism rather than nicotine substitution. (Am J Addict 2021;30:316-329).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Swann
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David P Graham
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Thomas R Kosten
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perry CL, Creamer MR, Chaffee BW, Unger JB, Sutfin EL, Kong G, Shang C, Clendennen SL, Krishnan-Sarin S, Pentz MA. Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1063-1076. [PMID: 31127298 PMCID: PMC7457341 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tobacco Regulatory Science Program is a collaborative research effort between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, the NIH funded 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS), which serve as partners in establishing research, training, and professional development programs to guide FDA. Each of the fourteen TCORS, and two other NIH-funded research programs, the Center for the Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC) and the Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco (COMET), pursued specific research themes relevant to FDA's priorities. A key mandate for FDA is to reduce tobacco use among young people. This article is a review of the peer-reviewed research, including published and in-press manuscripts, from the TCORS, CENIC, and COMET, which provides specific data or other findings on youth (ages 10-18 years) and/or young adults (ages 18-34 years), from 2013 to 2018. Citations of all TCORS, CENIC, and COMET articles from September 2013 to December 2017 were collected by the TCORS coordinating center, the Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training and Research. Additional citations up to April 30, 2018 were requested from the principal investigators. A scoring rubric was developed and implemented to assess study type, primary theme, and FDA priority area addressed by each article. The major subareas and findings from each priority area are presented. There were 766 articles in total, with 258 (34%) focusing on youth and/or young adults. Findings relevant to FDA from this review concern impact analysis, toxicity, health effects, addiction, marketing influences, communications, and behavior. IMPLICATIONS The Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science, CENIC, and COMET have had a high output of scientific articles since 2013. These Centers are unique in that the FDA supports science specifically to guide future regulatory actions. The 258 articles that have focused on youth and/or young adults are providing data for regulatory actions by the FDA related to the key priority areas such as the addictiveness of non-cigarette products, the effects of exposure to electronic cigarette marketing on initiation and cessation, and the impact of flavored products on youth and young adult tobacco use. Future regulations to reduce tobacco use will be guided by the cumulative evidence. These Centers are one innovative mechanism to promote important outcomes to advance tobacco regulatory science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Perry
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | - MeLisa R Creamer
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | | | - Jennifer B Unger
- Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Ce Shang
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- School of Public Health at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX
| | | | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loukas A, Paddock EM, Li X, Harrell MB, Pasch KE, Perry CL. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Marketing and Initiation Among Youth and Young Adults. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-3601. [PMID: 31451608 PMCID: PMC6855816 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have become the most popular tobacco products among young people, yet ENDS marketing remains unregulated, and its effects on ENDS use behavior across age groups is poorly understood. In this study, using a longitudinal design, we examined how recall of ENDS marketing through 5 different channels predicted subsequent ENDS initiation up to 2.5 years later among youth (ages 12-17 years) and young adults (ages 18-29 years). METHODS Data were drawn from 2 large cohort studies in Texas. The analysis included school-going youth (n = 2288) and college-going young adults (n = 2423) who reported never having used ENDS at baseline in 2014. Logistic regression was used to assess the influence of recalled ENDS marketing exposure via television (TV), radio or Internet radio, billboards, retail stores, and the Internet on subsequent ENDS initiation, with adjustment for these channels, baseline sociodemographics, other past-30-day tobacco use, sensation seeking, and peer ENDS use. RESULTS Recall of retail store-based ENDS marketing at baseline was associated with significantly higher odds of subsequent ENDS initiation among youth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-3.17) and young adults (aOR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.61) up to 2.5 years later. Young adult initiation was also associated with recalled ENDS marketing on TV at baseline (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.63). CONCLUSIONS Marketing of ENDS at retail stores predicts youth and young adult ENDS initiation, and marketing on TV predicts young adult initiation. Future research and regulation should be used to address the most influential marketing channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loukas
- Department Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas;
| | - Ellen M. Paddock
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, Texas; and
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Melissa B. Harrell
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, Texas; and
| | - Keryn E. Pasch
- Department Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Cheryl L. Perry
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, Texas; and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu SJ, Lan Y, Wu L, Yan WS. Profiles of Impulsivity in Problematic Internet Users and Cigarette Smokers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:772. [PMID: 31019482 PMCID: PMC6458249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) has been gradually recognized as a mental health issue among adolescents and young students. PIU shows many similarities with substance use disorders, but the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying them are unclear. The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationships between impulsive traits and PIU as well as cigarette smoking behaviors among young adults. Two independent samples of university students (N 1 = 1281, N 2 = 1034, respectively) over 3 years were assessed with multiple measurements of impulsivity, including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the UPPSP Impulsive Behaviors Scale (UPPSP), and the Delay-discounting Test (DDT). Logistic regression models revealed that across the two independent samples, BIS-11 Attentional Impulsiveness was the common trait positively predicting both PIU and cigarette smoking. While BIS-11 Motor Impulsiveness as well as UPPSP Lack of Perseverance, Lack of Premeditation, and Negative Urgency were the typical traits linked to PIU as positive predictors, UPPSP Sensation Seeking was the unique trait linked to cigarette smoking as a positive predictor. These results suggested that specific dimensions of impulsivity might be concurrently implicated in PIU and cigarette smoking among young adults, putatively representing important trait marks for addictive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jiao Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Sen Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hookah use as a predictor of other tobacco product use: A longitudinal analysis of Texas college students. Addict Behav 2018; 87:131-137. [PMID: 30016762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hookah use is particularly prevalent among U.S. college students; however, few studies have investigated whether hookah use is a risk factor for the initiation of other tobacco products. This study examined whether hookah use predicted subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products (conventional cigarettes and cigar products) and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) among Texas college students during a 2.5-year study period. METHODS This study involved a longitudinal analysis of data from Waves 1-6, with 6 months between each wave, of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas Project (Project M-PACT). Two separate multilevel discrete-time survival analyses were used to model the associations between past 30-day hookah use and subsequent initiation of 1) other combustible tobacco products, and 2) ENDS during the 2.5 year study period, after controlling for demographic, other tobacco use, and risk-taking personality characteristics (i.e. sensation seeking and impulsivity). RESULTS After controlling for covariates, past 30-day hookah use was associated with significantly higher odds of subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products. Past 30-day hookah use also predicted subsequent initiation of ENDS after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to demonstrate that hookah use is a predictor of subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products and ENDS among college students. These findings suggest that hookah may prime individuals to use other tobacco products, which has important implications for prevention programs and future research.
Collapse
|
17
|
Doran N, Tully L. Impulsivity and tobacco product use over time. Addict Behav 2018; 85:153-157. [PMID: 29907346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity has been consistently associated with greater likelihood and intensity of cigarette smoking, but most studies have been cross-sectional. Additionally, while some initial studies are suggestive, less is known about links between impulsivity and use of e-cigarettes or hookah tobacco. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the urgency and sensation seeking aspects of impulsivity would be prospectively associated with patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and hookah tobacco use over time. Young adults (n = 335; 56% male) aged 18-24 who were non- and never-daily cigarette smokers at baseline completed 9 online assessments of tobacco product use over two years. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate relationships between impulsivity components and product use. Frequency of use of all three products declined over time. Higher levels of positive urgency (cigarette), negative urgency (hookah), and lack of premeditation (e-cigarette, hookah) were associated with smaller reductions in frequency of specific products. Additionally, higher negative urgency predicted greater quantity of cigarettes consumed, and higher sensation seeking was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use. Findings suggest impulsivity components differentially predict tobacco use over time, indicating that motives and/or risk factors for tobacco use may be product-specific.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cooper M, Loukas A, Case KR, Marti CN, Perry CL. A longitudinal study of risk perceptions and e-cigarette initiation among college students: Interactions with smoking status. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 186:257-263. [PMID: 29626778 PMCID: PMC5911205 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that lower perceived risks of e-cigarettes are associated with e-cigarette use in young adults; however, the temporality of this relationship is not well-understood. We explore how perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness of e-cigarettes influence e-cigarette initiation, and specifically whether this association varies by cigarette smoking status, in a longitudinal study of tobacco use on college campuses. METHODS Data are from a 5-wave 24-college study in Texas. Only students who reported never using e-cigarettes at wave 1 were included (n = 2565). Multilevel discrete-time hazard models, accounting for school clustering, were used. The dependent variable, ever e-cigarette use, was assessed at each wave. Both time-varying (e-cigarette perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness, age, use of cigarettes, use of other tobacco products, and use of other substances) and time-invariant demographic covariates were included. Two-way interactions between each e-cigarette perception variable and current conventional cigarette use were tested to determine if the hypothesized relationship differed among smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS 21% of all never e-cigarette users at baseline had initiated e-cigarette ever use by wave 5. Significant two-way interactions qualified the relationship between risk perceptions and e-cigarette initiation. Specifically, perceptions of a lower degree of harmfulness (OR = 1.13, p = .047) and addictiveness (OR = 1.34, p < .001) of e-cigarettes predicted initiation among non-smokers, but not among current smokers. CONCLUSION Perceiving a lower degree of risk of e-cigarettes contributes to subsequent e-cigarette initiation among non-smokers, but not among current smokers. FINDINGS have implications for prevention campaigns focusing on the potential harm of e-cigarettes for non-smoking college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cooper
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Kathleen R Case
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Perry
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|