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Fitzgerald S, Chronister J, Zheng QM, Chou CC. The Meaning of Social Support for Mental Health Service-Users: The Case Managers' Perspective. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01349-5. [PMID: 39230859 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to understand the unique types of social support salient to mental health service-users from the perspective of case managers. The sample consisted of case managers working in county mental health agencies in the southwest and west coast. Data was gathered from three focus groups and analyzed using NVivo 10 and Consensual Qualitative Research. Six themes were described including relational support, consistency support, validation and affirmation support, social connection support, day-to-day living support and vocational support. While the social support domains described in this study share conceptual underpinnings with traditional conceptualizations of support, our findings reveal unique types of support from the perspective of case managers. Findings from this study offer an important perspective-case managers-to the extant body of research investigating the meaning of social support for people with lived mental health experiences. Of particular interest is the finding that relational support, affirmative and validation support, and consistency support are salient case manager functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fitzgerald
- Department of Counseling, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
| | - Julie Chronister
- Department of Counseling, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | | | - Chih-Chin Chou
- Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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2
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Roskam I, Aguiar J, Akgun E, Arena AF, Arikan G, Aunola K, Besson E, Beyers W, Boujut E, Brianda ME, Brytek-Matera A, Budak AM, Carbonneau N, César F, Chen BB, Dorard G, Dos Santos Elias LC, Dunsmuir S, Egorova N, Favez N, Fontaine AM, Foran H, Fricke J, Furutani K, Gannagé M, Gaspar M, Godbout L, Goldenberg A, Gross JJ, Gurza MA, Helmy M, Huynh MT, Kawamoto T, Lazarevic LB, Le Vigouroux S, Lebert-Charron A, Leme V, MacCann C, Manrique-Millones D, Matias M, Miranda-Orrego MI, Miscioscia M, Morgades-Bamba C, Mousavi SF, Muntean A, Olderbak S, Osman F, Oyarce-Cadiz D, Pérez-Díaz PA, Petrides KV, Pineda-Marin C, Prikhidko A, Ricci RT, Salinas-Quiroz F, Sarrionandia A, Scola C, Simonelli A, Cabrera PS, Soenens B, Sorbring E, Sorkkila M, Schrooyen C, Stănculescu E, Starchenkova E, Szczygiel D, Tapia J, Tri TMT, Tremblay M, van Bakel H, Verhofstadt L, Wendland J, Yotanyamaneewong S, Mikolajczak M. Three reasons why parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic countries: a mediation study in 36 countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:681-694. [PMID: 37195293 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children, varies dramatically across countries and is highest in Western countries characterized by high individualism. METHOD In this study, we examined the mediators of the relationship between individualism measured at the country level and parental burnout measured at the individual level in 36 countries (16,059 parents). RESULTS The results revealed three mediating mechanisms, that is, self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, high agency and self-directed socialization goals, and low parental task sharing, by which individualism leads to an increased risk of burnout among parents. CONCLUSION The results confirm that the three mediators under consideration are all involved, and that mediation was higher for self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, then parental task sharing, and lastly self-directed socialization goals. The results provide some important indications of how to prevent parental burnout at the societal level in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Roskam
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Joyce Aguiar
- University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ege Akgun
- Ankara University, Ankara Universitesi Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Okul Oncesi Egitimi AD Cebeci, 06590, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrew F Arena
- University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Gizem Arikan
- Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mah., Orman Sok., 34794, Cekmekoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. BoX 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Eliane Besson
- Saint-Joseph University, Campus des Sciences Humaines, Rue de Damas, Mar Mikhael, B.P. 17-5208, Beyrouth, 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Wim Beyers
- Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emilie Boujut
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | - A Meltem Budak
- Bahcesehir University, Guney Yerleskesi, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Noémie Carbonneau
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Filipa César
- University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, China
| | - Géraldine Dorard
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Sandra Dunsmuir
- University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Natalia Egorova
- EPSM de l'agglomération lilloise, 1 rue de Lommelet, 59871, Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Favez
- University of Geneva, 40 Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Heather Foran
- University of Klagenfurt, Universitaetsstr. 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Julia Fricke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Myrna Gannagé
- Saint-Joseph University, Campus des Sciences Humaines, Rue de Damas, Mar Mikhael, B.P. 17-5208, Beyrouth, 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maria Gaspar
- University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucie Godbout
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Amit Goldenberg
- Harvard University, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA, 02163, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2130, USA
| | | | | | - Mai Helmy
- Sultan Qaboos university, Muscat, Oman, Egypt
- Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mai Trang Huynh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Dương Vương, District 5, Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Taishi Kawamoto
- Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | | | - Sarah Le Vigouroux
- Université de Nîmes, 5 Rue du Docteur Georges Salan CS 13019, 30021, Nîmes, France
| | - Astrid Lebert-Charron
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Vanessa Leme
- State University of Rio de Janeiro, Place São Francisco Xavier, 524, B-10005c F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolyn MacCann
- The University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum 449, Manning Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | | | - Marisa Matias
- University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Isabel Miranda-Orrego
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, 170525, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Clara Morgades-Bamba
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Avda Valencia 13, 50005, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana Muntean
- West University in Timisoara, Oradea, str. Razboieni, nr.1, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Sally Olderbak
- Institut für Therapieforschung, Leopoldstraße 125, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Fatumo Osman
- Dalarna University, Sweden, Hogskolegatan 2, 791 88, Falun, Sweden
| | | | - Pablo A Pérez-Díaz
- Austral University of Chile, Institute of Psychology, Los Pinos Avenue, W/N, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Alena Prikhidko
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ricardo T Ricci
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Las Heras 429 7B (400), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Ainize Sarrionandia
- University of the Basque Country, Tolosa Hiribidea 70, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Céline Scola
- Aix Marseille Univ, 29 avenue Robert Schuman, 13621, Aix-en-Provence cedex 01, France
| | | | | | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Starchenkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Javier Tapia
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Thi Minh Thuy Tri
- Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Mélissa Tremblay
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Hedwig van Bakel
- Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaqueline Wendland
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Salsman JM, Awao S, George JR, Batt S, Park CL. Placing the US Federal Investment in Religion, Spirituality, and Health Research in Context: A Systematic Review and Comparison with Social Support and Optimism Funding Levels. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:393-409. [PMID: 38169027 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been linked to better physical and mental health. The US government has funded several research studies that include a focus on R/S but the amount of support over the last several years appears to be declining. To better understand these funding trends for R/S and health research, we chose relevant comparisons from projects that include a focus on social support and optimism. We identified total amount of funding, change in funding patterns over time, and characteristics of funded projects from a large database of US research projects (Federal RePORTER). We reviewed 5093 projects for social support and 6030 projects for optimism before narrowing the number of eligible studies to 170 and 13, respectively. Social support projects received the largest investment of $205 million dollars. Funded awards for social support and optimism remained stable over time while R/S decreased (p = 0.01), intervention research was more characteristic and studies of African-American/Black participants were less characteristic of funded projects in social support than of R/S (ps < 0.001). Future research for R/S and health would likely benefit from continued focus on minority communities and on identifying and developing appropriate interventions to support individual and community health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Salsman
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Sayaka Awao
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jamilah R George
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Steven Batt
- Hartford Campus Library, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Garmendia P, Fernández-Salinero S, Holgueras González AI, Topa G. Social Support and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Emotional Exhaustion. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2827-2840. [PMID: 38131894 PMCID: PMC10742909 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Social support at work has demonstrated itself to be an important variable for predicting desirable outcomes and helping to buffer the effects of adverse events. The main objective of this research is to understand the impact of social support on job satisfaction on the one hand and emotional exhaustion on the other. Furthermore, in order to gain a deeper understanding of intricate organizational relationships, the mediating effects of work recovery experiences are taken into consideration. The sample was composed of 496 workers (41.5% men and 58.5% women). The mean age was 42 years (SD = 9.82). A cross-sectional design was used. The results, both direct (r = 0.43; R2 = 0.19; p < 0.001) and indirect (B = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% C.I. = 0.01, 0.09), of the model relating social support to job satisfaction were statistically significant. On the other hand, in the model that links social support to emotional exhaustion, we observed statistically significant direct (r = 0.26; R2 = 0.07; p < 0.001) and indirect effects (B = -0.05; SE = 0.02; 95% C.I. = -0.10, -0.01). Only the relaxation factor was a significant mediator of these variables. Implications, limitations, and future research recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garmendia
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la UNED (EIDUNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Gabriela Topa
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Rimé B, Páez D. Why We Gather: A New Look, Empirically Documented, at Émile Durkheim's Theory of Collective Assemblies and Collective Effervescence. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1306-1330. [PMID: 36753611 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221146388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
For Durkheim, individuals' survival and well-being rest on cultural resources and social belonging that must be revived periodically in collective assemblies. Durkheim's concern was to clarify how these assemblies achieve this revitalization. An intensive examination of primitive religions led him to identify successive levels of engagement experienced by participants and to develop explanatory principles relevant to all types of collective gatherings. Durkheim's conception is widely referred to nowadays. However, the question of its empirical status remains open. We extracted from his text his main statements and translated them into research questions. We then examined each question in relation to current theories and findings. In particular, we relied on the plethora of recent cognitive and social-psychology studies that document conditions of reduced self-other differentiation. Abundant data support that each successive moment of collective assemblies contributes to blurring this differentiation. Ample support also exists that because shared emotions are increasingly amplified in collective context, they can fuel high-intensity experiences. Moreover, recent studies of self-transcendent emotions can account for the self-transformative effects described by Durkheim at the climax of collective assemblies. In conclusion, this century-old model is remarkably supported by recent results, mostly collected in experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Rimé
- Institut de Recherches en Sciences Psychologiques, Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Dario Páez
- Department of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
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Behrendt D, Boß L, Hannibal S, Kunzler AM, Wessa M, Lehr D. Feasibility and efficacy of a digital resilience training: A pilot study of the strengths-based training RESIST. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100649. [PMID: 37545556 PMCID: PMC10400467 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work-related stress is a risk factor for a number of adverse health and work outcomes. Resilience trainings are a promising approach for adequately dealing with work stress and keeping employees mentally healthy. However, results of previous resilience trainings have been heterogeneous, ranging from null findings to large effects. Existing digital resilience interventions show a lack of consistency in terms of an underlying theoretical framework and methods used to foster resilience. Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience offers an innovative conceptualization of resilience. Strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy is a corresponding therapeutically method reflecting resilience as a resource-oriented process of dealing with stress. Based on this background, a new hybrid web-and app-based digital resilience intervention for employees named RESIST was developed. Objective The first aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of the newly developed training RESIST regarding its usability, user behavior, user experience and motivation to use. Second, the study sought to explore preliminary effects of the intervention on reducing stress and enhancing resilience by conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial. Methods The feasibility study was conducted in three phases. First, the usability of the app was investigated in a pre-test with five participants using a thinking-aloud method. Second, the preliminary efficacy of the training was examined in a pilot randomized controlled trial. A sample of 30 employees were randomized either to receive the resilience training (n = 15) or to be member of a control group (n = 15). The primary outcome was measuring perceived stress. Secondary outcomes included measures of resilience and depressive symptoms. Third, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six participants of the resilience training group on training content, motivation for use, and user experience. Results Overall, results indicate that RESIST can be a feasible training for resilience promotion and stress reduction with high user satisfaction. Analysis of covariance showed that, relative to controls, participants who received RESIST reported significantly lower stress scores at post-intervention (F1,27 = 16.91, p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.57; 95 % CI 0.71-2.43) than controls. Significant differences, with moderate-to-large effect sizes, were also detected for general resilience and various resilience factors. Conclusions Results are promising and provide hope that a hybrid web- and app-based resilience intervention based on strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy can have a positive impact on dealing adequately with stress and improve resilience of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Behrendt
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Leif Boß
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Sandy Hannibal
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Lehr
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany
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Lüscher J, Scholz U, Bierbauer W. Social support, distress and well-being in individuals experiencing Long-COVID: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067166. [PMID: 36948566 PMCID: PMC10039976 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly attention of the COVID-19 pandemic is directed towards its long-term effects, also known as Long-COVID. So far, Long-COVID was examined mainly from a medical perspective, leaving psychosocial effects of Long-COVID understudied. The present study advances the current literature by examining social support in the context of Long-COVID. The study not only examines received support reported by individuals with Long-COVID, but also provided support reported by relatives of individuals with Long-COVID. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted from June to October 2021 in Austria, Germany and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS We examined 256 individuals with Long-COVID (MAge=45.05 years, 90.2% women) and 50 relatives of individuals with Long-COVID (MAge=48.34 years, 66.1% female) in two separate online surveys, assessing social support, well-being and distress. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were positive and negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceived stress. RESULTS For individuals with Long-COVID, receiving emotional support was related to higher well-being (positive affect: b=0.29, p<0.01; negative affect: b=-0.31, p<0.05) and less distress (anxiety: b=-1.45, p<0.01; depressive symptoms: b=-1.04, p<0.05; perceived stress: b=-0.21, p<0.05) but no effects emerged for receiving practical support. For relatives of individuals with Long-COVID, providing emotional support was only related to lower depressive symptoms (b=-2.57, p<0.05). Again, provided practical support was unrelated to the outcomes considered. CONCLUSIONS Emotional support is likely to play an important role in well-being and distress of patients and relatives, whereas practical support does not seem to make a difference. Future research should clarify under what conditions different kinds of support unfold their positive effects on well-being and distress in the context of Long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bierbauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Jahangir MS, Gadda ZH, Ganayee SA, Kumar HA, Ahmad M, Shafi A. Health(care) matters: where do the transgender individuals of Kashmir situate themselves? Health Promot Int 2023; 38:6974788. [PMID: 36617289 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While employing a phenomenological perspective, the present study aimed to explore the varied experiences of transgender individuals in Kashmir, concerning their health-seeking behavior, and the constraints they face while accessing healthcare resources on a day-to-day basis in their life world. Participants were recruited through the purposive and snowball sampling strategies and the sufficiency of sample size was determined by data saturation. Data were collected using face-to-face in-depth interviews and analyzed through Colaizzi's procedure of extracting recurrent themes and their interwoven relationships in qualitative research. Three main themes of awareness and the preferences for healthcare, gender identity and persistent stigmatization in care settings, and intra-community support and the resultant caregiving were prominent. Results of the study revealed that the transgender individuals in Kashmir experience inappropriate health-seeking behaviour primarily due to their unawareness regarding health, diseases and public healthcare programs/schemes, financial constraints, social exclusion, improper support and social stigma. They often prefer treating their health issues, mostly through local pharmacies or patent medicine vendors (PMVs), instead of visiting the medical professionals in the organized sector. Moreover, in many instances, they were also found to delay their decisions to seek care or simply decided to remain far from any medical intervention. As a result, the transgender individuals in Kashmir usually experience underutilization of formal healthcare services, which undermines their right to proper health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmad Saleem Jahangir
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zakir Hussain Gadda
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shameem Ahamad Ganayee
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Kumar
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mansoor Ahmad
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aneesa Shafi
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Bedrov A, Gable SL. Thriving together: the benefits of women's social ties for physical, psychological and relationship health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210441. [PMID: 36440568 PMCID: PMC9703221 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between social support and well-being is well established in social psychology, with evidence suggesting that these benefits are especially prominent among women. When faced with an environmental stressor, women are more likely to adopt a tend-and-befriend strategy rather than fight-or-flight. Furthermore, female friendships tend to be higher in self-disclosure and more frequently relied on for social support, which is associated with physical and psychological benefits. Women are also more effective at providing social support, further augmenting those benefits. We begin with an overview of the characteristics of women's social ties and how they can be especially useful in times of stress. We then transition to the benefits of female social networks even in the absence of negative events and incorporate research from health and social psychology to consider the positive implications of having strong social bonds and the negative implications of lacking such bonds. Additionally, we consider cross-cultural differences in tendencies to seek out social support and its subsequent benefits, as well as the need for more research with culturally diverse samples. It remains unclear the extent to which patterns of social support benefits for women vary cross-culturally. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Bedrov
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Shelly L. Gable
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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10
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Gull M, Kaur N, Akhouri D. Perceived social support as related to social wellbeing in patients with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD). MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
People diagnosed with EUPD also known as borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience different challenges in their lives. These challenges include compulsive behavior, irritability, depression, sadness, guilt, shame, loneliness, grandiosity, and feeling of worthlessness. It is noteworthy that such challenges trigger among them a self-destructive behaviour, in addition to social isolation, and impaired social relationships. It is also found to significantly impact their physical, mental, and social wellbeing. This study is a humble attempt to examine the role of perceived social support in improving the social wellbeing of BPD outpatients. Through the purposive sampling technique, 100 BPD outpatients were selected for the study. The mean age of the participant was 25 years.
Results
It was found that perceived social support (family, friends, and significant others) plays a vital role in the wellbeing of these participants. The correlation between the two is positive as well as statistically significant. This means higher the support these patients experience from their relatives, the better is their social wellbeing.
Conclusions
This study has practical implications for counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists working in the field.
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11
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Bentley SV, Young T, Álvarez B, Jetten J, Haslam C, Cruwys T, Casara BGS, Crimston CR, Dare M, Ionescu O, Krug H, Selvanathan HP, Tanjitpiyanond P, Steffens NK, Wang Z, Wibisono S. Double jeopardy: How lower levels of support during COVID-19 exacerbated the relationship between loneliness and distress. Front Public Health 2022; 10:976443. [PMID: 36091542 PMCID: PMC9459340 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.976443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While the relationship between loneliness and psychological distress is well documented, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are less clear. One factor known to be related to loneliness as well as psychological distress, is social support, with some studies suggesting that support-both received and provided-can serve as a mechanism to reduce the distress associated with loneliness. In this paper we examine the mediating role of both aspects of support in the relationship between loneliness and psychological distress in the COVID-19 context. We used a multi-country dataset collected at two timepoints during the pandemic; the first during the early stages (N = 6,842, 11 countries) and the second collected for a subset of countries (N = 1,299, 3 countries) 3 months later. Across all eleven countries, results revealed significant positive associations between loneliness and distress. Furthermore, using longitudinal data, we investigated the directionality of this relationship and found that increased loneliness over time was associated with increased psychological distress. The data also showed that both feeling unsupported and feeling unable to provide support to others mediated this relationship. These findings point to the need to facilitate people's ability to draw effective social support and help others-particularly at times when social connectedness is threatened-as a way of alleviating the psychological distress that commonly presents with loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Bentley
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tarli Young
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belén Álvarez
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jolanda Jetten
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Charlie R. Crimston
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Dare
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Octavia Ionescu
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris 8 Vincennes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Henning Krug
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Niklas K. Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhechen Wang
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susilo Wibisono
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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12
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Fisk GM. The complexity and embeddedness of grief at work: A social-ecological model. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Ellis LM. The interpersonal consequences of stealing ideas: Worse character judgments and less co-worker support for an idea (vs. money) thief. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Goins RT, Grant MK, Conte KP, Lefler L. Social Support and Diabetes Management Among Older American Indians. Front Public Health 2022; 10:780851. [PMID: 35801247 PMCID: PMC9253509 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.780851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Greater understanding how relationships that can facilitate or impede type 2 diabetes (T2D) management and control among older American Indian people is an overlooked, yet urgently needed strategy. Thus, we examined social support among older American Indian people in relation to their T2D management. Methods During the fall 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with 28 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were members of a federally-recognized tribe. Drawing upon the buffering and direct effects theoretical models of how social support affects health, we examined transcribed audio recordings of the interviews with a systematic text analysis approach. We used a low-inference qualitative descriptive design to provide a situated understanding of participants' life experiences using their naturalistic expressions. Results The mean age of our participants was 73.0 ± 6.4 years with a mean HbA1c of 7.3 ± 1.5. Main social support sources were family, clinicians/formal services, community/culture, and spiritual/God. All four common social support types were represented, namely emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support with most being instrumental in nature. A prominent gender difference was seen with respect to men receiving more instrumental support family/friends support than women. Discussion Value orientations among American Indian people often reflect extended social systems and interdependence. A deeper understanding is needed of how social relationships can be better leveraged to aid in effective T2D management among older American Indian people. The development and implementation of evidence-based social network interventions with an assets-based orientation that build upon the cultural value of reciprocity hold promise to improve T2D outcomes of older American Indian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Turner Goins
- Department of Social Work, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Turner Goins
| | - Molly K. Grant
- Department of Social Work, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen P. Conte
- Department of Public Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Lefler
- Department of Social Work, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States
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15
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Hughes IM, Freier LM, Barratt CL. "Your help isn't helping me!" Unhelpful workplace social support, strain, and the role of individual differences. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 6:387-423. [PMID: 35372670 PMCID: PMC8951663 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the reception of social support at work is generally considered a net positive for employees, researchers have identified that particular kinds of social support, such as unhelpful workplace social support (UWSS), tend to evoke stress and contribute to strain for recipients. Although (Gray et al. Work and Stress, 34(4), 359-385, 2020), when validating the novel UWSS measure, uncovered relations between UWSS and various outcomes, more research is needed to further understand the impacts of UWSS. Furthermore, the extant social support literature is currently lacking in its understanding of how individual differences strengthen or weaken the relations such support has with strain. Drawing from the Theory of Stress as Offense to Self (Semmer et al. Occupational Health Science, 3(3), 205-238. 10.1007/s41542-019-00041-5, 2019), we, through two studies (N 1 = 203, N 2 = 277), further explore the relations of UWSS, focusing on behavioral and psychological strain, and examine how these relations are influenced by relevant individual differences (e.g., Big Five traits). Results from our first study replicate key findings from (Gray et al. Work and Stress, 34(4), 359-385, 2020), providing additional validity evidence for the novel measure of UWSS, and demonstrate that UWSS is related to various types of behavioral strain. Our second study shows that the strength of these deleterious relations varies based on characteristics of the recipient of UWSS. Altogether, the present research contributes to the literature on social support as a stressor by elucidating further the effects of UWSS, and, perhaps more importantly, for whom UWSS is particularly deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA
| | - Lindsey M. Freier
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA
| | - Clare L. Barratt
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA
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16
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Oyanedel JC, Paez D. Editorial: Social Belongingness and Well-Being: International Perspectives. Front Psychol 2021; 12:735507. [PMID: 34531803 PMCID: PMC8439251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Oyanedel
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dario Paez
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
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Edes AN, Al-Kandari Y, Znidarsic KA, Crews DE. Individual measures of social support may have limited impact on physiological parameters among elderly Kuwaitis. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23655. [PMID: 34339552 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social support can buffer physiological stress responses, reducing morbidity and mortality risk, but research has occurred primarily in western populations. We examined whether social support was associated with physiological biomarkers in a non-western sample. METHODS We predicted evidence of increased physiological dysregulation in those with less social support among elderly Kuwaitis (≥60 years, n = 253). Measures of social support included marital status (married/unmarried), religiosity (low/high), whether adult children lived at home (yes/no), and perceived social support (low/medium/high). Using linear regression, we tested relationships between each social support measure and 17 biomarkers: cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and resting heart rate (RHR). We analyzed two models for each, one with the independent variable only and a second including age, smoking, and education as covariates. RESULTS Married participants had lower norepinephrine, but higher TC/HDL and LDL/HDL. Higher religiosity was negatively associated with TC (men only) but higher LDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL. Participants with low self-reported social support had higher DBP and HbA1c than those reporting medium or high levels. CONCLUSIONS Relatively few biomarkers associated significantly with individual social support measures in a way that suggests improved health for those with more support. As such, some measures of social support may not be universally beneficial across cultures. Additionally, the high degree of respect for and integration of elders in Kuwait society may collectively buffer against negative effects. Cross-cultural comparisons are critical to better understand how social support influences morbidity and mortality across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Edes
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Reproductive and Behavioral Sciences, Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yagoub Al-Kandari
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Kuwait University, Kifan, Kuwait
| | | | - Douglas E Crews
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Cooper S, Schobert K, Cheruvillil S, Porter A, Palmedo PC. Posts, Likes, Shares, and DMs: A Qualitative Exploration of How Social Media Is Related to Sexual Agency in Young People. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:121-126. [PMID: 33736576 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1890283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that social interactions have a crucial impact on all aspects of personal development for adolescents, however few studies have documented how social interactions affect a young person's sense of sexual agency. The aim of the current qualitative study was to examine young people's perceptions of their own sexual agency in relation to their social media attitudes and behaviors. Participants (n = 31) were recruited from a nonprofit organization and asked to complete a one-hour in-depth interview and a demographic survey. Using an inductive method, involving constant comparison, we identified four overarching themes: (a) Participants utilize different social media platforms for distinct purposes and are cognizant of each audience; (b) Based on past experiences, participants have negotiated and created their own rules of engagement for online behavior; (c) Participants have different expectations about how others should act online versus how they act in relation to flirty or sexual messages; (d) Participants were concerned about the authenticity of online identities and are aware of vulnerability in online interactions. Our results highlight the need for sexual health researchers to observe social network etiquette closely through the lens of autonomy and agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spring Cooper
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey Schobert
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Cheruvillil
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Porter
- University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - P Christopher Palmedo
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
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19
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Elkhalifa S, Jozaghi E, Marsh S, Thomson E, Gregg D, Buxton J, Jolly A. Social network support and harm reduction activities in a peer researcher-led pilot study, British Columbia, Canada. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:57. [PMID: 32825836 PMCID: PMC7441606 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People who smoke drugs (PWSD) are at high risk of both infectious disease and overdose. Harm reduction activities organized by their peers in the community can reduce risk by providing education, safer smoking supplies, and facilitate access to other services. Peers also provide a network of people who provide social support to PWSD which may reinforce harm reducing behaviors. We evaluated the numbers of supportive network members and the relationships between received support and participants’ harm-reducing activities. Methods Initial peer-researchers with past or current lived drug use experience were employed from communities in Abbotsford and Vancouver to interview ten friends from their social networks who use illegal drugs mainly through smoking. Contacts completed a questionnaire about people in their own harm reduction networks and their relationships with each other. We categorized social support into informational, emotional, and tangible aspects, and harm reduction into being trained in the use of, or carrying naloxone, assisting peers with overdoses, using brass screens to smoke, obtaining pipes from service organizations and being trained in CPR. Results Fifteen initial peer researchers interviewed 149 participants who provided information on up to 10 people who were friends or contacts and the relationships between them. People who smoked drugs in public were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.13-1.78) more likely to assist others with possible overdoses if they received tangible support; women who received tangible support were 1.24 (95% CI; 1.02-1.45) more likely to carry and be trained in the use of naloxone. There was no relationship between number of supportive network members and harm reduction behaviors. Conclusions In this pilot study, PWSD who received tangible support were more likely to assist peers in possible overdoses and be trained in the use of and/or carry naloxone, than those who did not receive tangible support. Future work on the social relationships of PWSD may prove valuable in the search for credible and effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaf Elkhalifa
- School of Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, KIH 8 M5, Canada
| | - Ehsan Jozaghi
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samona Marsh
- Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users, 380 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1P4, Canada.,British Columbia/Yukon Association of Drug War Survivors, 380 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1P4, Canada.,Sex Workers United Against Violence, 334 Alexander Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1C3, Canada.,Western Aboriginal Harm Reduction Society, 380 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1P4, Canada
| | - Erica Thomson
- University of Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V2S 7 M8, Canada.,The Fraser Health Authority, Suite 400, Central City Tower, 13450 - 102nd Avenue, Surrey, British Columbia, V3T 0H1, Canada
| | - Delilah Gregg
- Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users, 380 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1P4, Canada.,Western Aboriginal Harm Reduction Society, 380 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1P4, Canada
| | - Jane Buxton
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Ann Jolly
- School of Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, KIH 8 M5, Canada.
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20
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Edes AN, Edwards KL, Wolfe BA, Brown JL, Crews DE. Allostatic Load Indices With Cholesterol and Triglycerides Predict Disease and Mortality Risk in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920914585. [PMID: 32425494 PMCID: PMC7218307 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920914585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load, or the physiological dysregulation accumulated due to senescence and stress, is an established predictor of human morbidity and mortality and has been proposed as a tool for monitoring health and welfare in captive wildlife. It is estimated by combining biomarkers from multiple somatic systems into allostatic load indices (ALIs), providing a score representing overall physiological dysregulation. Such ALIs have been shown to predict disease and mortality risk in western lowland gorillas. In these prior analyses, we were unable to include lipid markers, a potential limitation as they are key biomarkers in human models. Recently, we were able to assay serum cholesterol and triglycerides and add them to our previous ALI. We then re-examined associations with health outcomes using binomial generalized linear models. We constructed ALIs using 2 pooling strategies and 2 methods. By itself, a 1-unit increase in allostatic load was associated with higher odds of all-cause morbidity and mortality, but results were mixed for cardiac disease. However, the best fit models for all-cause morbidity and cardiac disease included only age and sex. Allostatic load was retained alongside age in the best fit models for mortality, with a 1-unit increase associated with 23% to 45% higher odds of death. Compared with previous results, ALIs containing cholesterol and triglycerides better predict disease risk in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, as evidenced by larger effect sizes for some models and better goodness of fit for all ALIs. Based on these results, we address methodology for future allostatic load research on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Edes
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L Edwards
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Barbara A Wolfe
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janine L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Douglas E Crews
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Renger D, Miché M, Casini A. Professional Recognition at Work: The Protective Role of Esteem, Respect, and Care for Burnout Among Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 62:202-209. [PMID: 31790059 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research systematically investigates the role of recognition experiences at work as a protective factor for burnout. METHOD In two cross-sectional studies (N = 328 and N = 220) with employees we measured via online questionnaires three forms of recognition (achievement-based social esteem, equality-based respect, and need-based care) from coworkers and supervisors as predictors and burnout among employees as outcome. RESULTS Using multiple regression analyses, Study 1 provided initial evidence that both supervisor and coworker recognition were negatively associated with employees' burnout. Study 2 further demonstrated that whereas respect experiences were especially crucial for lowering emotional exhaustion, care was primarily linked to reduced depersonalization and esteem to heightened personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION We discuss how positive recognition experiences can be fostered in organizations in order to buffer the negative effects burnout can cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Renger
- Institute of Psychology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Ms Renger); Department of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Mr Miché); Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (Ms Casini)
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22
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Mo PKH, Xin M, Lau JTF. Testing the vulnerability and scar model of the relationship between self-concept, social support and anxiety symptoms among children of HIV-infected parents in China: A 3-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:441-450. [PMID: 31611002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illness is a great concern among children of HIV-infected parents (COHIP), who are at their crucial stage of psychosocial development. It has been shown that self-concept (SC) and social support (SS) are important correlates of anxiety symptoms (AS), however, nature of the causality remained unclear. METHODS A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted in rural Central China, where many people were infected with HIV through unhygienic blood donation. A total of 195 COHIP (mean age: 12.6 years, 49.2% male) completed the baseline assessment and were followed for three years. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling analyses were used to test competing theoretical models: vulnerability model (low SC/SS contributes to AS), scar model (AS erodes SC/SS) and reciprocity model (low SC/SS and AS predict each other). RESULTS At each wave, 104 (53.3%) and 67 (41.6%) participants presented with anxiety disorders respectively. Nested-model comparison supported the superiority of scar models wherein AS significantly predicted subsequent low SC (β=-0.24, p=0.013) and SS (β=-0.31, p= 0.033), controlling for synchronous and autoregressive effects of all measures. The most parsimonious multivariate model that included significant relations was finally identified with a good model fit. LIMITATIONS Findings might be subject to reporting bias; and could not inform the temporal relationship between SC and SS. CONCLUSION Prevalence of anxiety was high among Chinese COHIP. The present study provides empirical evidence for scarring effects of AS; thus, highlighted the importance of identifying and treating COHIP's anxiety to mitigate long-term negative impacts on their psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix K H Mo
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Xin
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to identify the employee characteristics which are most strongly associated with perceived requirements for different aspects of the workplace environment.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was completed by 364 employees from a large private-sector organisation. Respondents were surveyed on different work-related, personality and demographic characteristics. They then completed a series of items measuring perceived requirements for four aspects of the workplace environment (workspace segregation, workspace territoriality, individual environmental control and aesthetic quality). Associations between employee characteristics and perceived workplace requirements were explored using multiple regression analyses.
Findings
Numerous significant associations emerged. For example, the requirement for more segregated workspaces was associated with higher susceptibility to distraction, and the requirement for higher workspace territoriality was associated with less positive perceptions regarding the impact of flexible working on work effectiveness.
Originality/value
The individual difference factors which moderate satisfaction with the workplace environment have received relatively little attention in past research. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by including a wider range of employee characteristics and comprehensively investigating which of these most strongly predict differences in perceived requirements for the workplace.
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Bender M, van Osch Y, Sleegers W, Ye M. Social Support Benefits Psychological Adjustment of International Students: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022119861151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature is exploring the link between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment. So far, however, there has been no systematic assessment of the overall relationship, and no indication which types and sources of social support may be most strongly associated with psychological adjustment. Our meta-analysis of 257 effect sizes across 76 studies fills this gap and assesses (a) the magnitude of the overall association between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment, (b) how different types (subjective, objective, and mixed) and sources (host, conational, international, mixed, and unspecified) of social support moderate the relationship between social support and psychological adjustment, and (c) whether the relationship between social support and psychological adjustment holds across different operationalizations of psychological adjustment. We find a positive overall association ( r = .20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 0.23]) between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment. Types and sources of social support matter as well: Subjective social support relates more strongly to psychological adjustment than objective social support. The data revealed that only support from mixed sources (i.e., not distinguishing between internationals, host, or conationals) is associated with a stronger effect of social support than support from conationals or from fellow international students (compared with support from host sources). We find no differences in the relation between social support and positive or negative adjustment. We outline recommendations for future research based on the meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bender
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Gratia Christian College, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Mengyu Ye
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Voyer D, Voyer SD. Implications for school achievement and causality: A commentary. Soc Sci Med 2019; 232:33-35. [PMID: 31054401 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article is a commentary on a study published in this issue by Levine et al. (2019). They reported that the relation they observed between sex-related discrepancies in success on standardized tests and health outcomes is significant only in males. We suggest that this finding has important implications for educators and future research and we examine possibilities related to sex differences in school achievement. We also offer arguments suggesting that it is premature to propose a causal explanation for the results presented by Levine and colleagues, given that crucial conditions to establish such causality are not met in their studies. We conclude with a proposal for a study that could potentially determine whether the temporal ordering required to establish causality arises in the relation between health outcomes and the sex-related discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Voyer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Susan D Voyer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada
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Lin X, Lu R, Guo L, Liu B. Social Capital and Mental Health in Rural and Urban China: A Composite Hypothesis Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040665. [PMID: 30823510 PMCID: PMC6406475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to follow the composite theory approach to analyze the effect of social capital on self-rated mental health in rural and urban China. Our nationally representative sample includes 10,968 respondents from 130 county-level communities. Two-level random-coefficient linear regressions, which model individual and community variations in subjective mental health, were estimated by taking the hierarchical structure of the dataset into account. We found that a significant proportion of the total variations in self-rated mental health were explained at the community level. We also found an association between low contextual civic trust and poor self-rated mental health after adjusting for individual social capital and individual socioeconomic-demographic variables. The study also revealed that: (1) in rural areas a positive relationship between civic and political trust and mental health existed both at the individual and the community level, respectively; and (2) in urban areas, only political trust at the individual level contributed to better mental health. In addition, the individual and community level political participation exhibited a positive impact on mental health measures in both rural and urban China. The individual level civic participation was positively associated to the outcome variable. However, the community-level civic participation seemed to negatively impact mental health in urban area. Our findings emphasize the importance of both individual and community-level healthcare interventions in China. Finally, this study also found that human capital covariates remained important predictors of self-rated mental health status even after controlling social capital both at individual and community levels. This study suggested that the composite thesis could provide a more convincing narrative than other theories in explaining the effects of both human and social capital on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lin
- Department of Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Ruodan Lu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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McMullan AD, Lapierre LM, Li Y. A qualitative investigation of work-family-supportive coworker behaviors. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qian J, Li X, Wang B, Song B, Zhang W, Chen M, Qu Y. A Role Theory Perspective on How and When Goal-Focused Leadership Influences Employee Voice Behavior. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1244. [PMID: 30093874 PMCID: PMC6071398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increasing number of studies that identify leaders’ role in promoting employees’ voice behavior, little is known about the role that supervisors’ goal-focused leadership plays in this. The current study aims to address this research gap by using the role theory to explain how supervisors’ goal-focused leadership influences employees’ voice behavior and the conditions under which supervisors’ have maximum impact on employee voice. A field study of 197 employees and their immediate supervisors offered support for our model. The results indicated a positive association between goal-focused leadership and employees’ voice behavior that was mediated by leaders’ omission of reward and punishments. We also found that perceived helping and support from coworkers positively moderated the relationship between leaders’ reward and punishment omission and employees’ voice behavior such that the relationship was weaker when coworker helping and support was higher. The findings provide more comprehensive picture of the process by which goal-focused leadership influences employee voice and highlight how coworkers can buffer the negative effect of ineffective managerial reward and punishment omission. The practical implications of this research, its limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Business, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Baihe Song
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Bumpus E, Hershey T, Doty T, Ranck S, Gronski M, Urano F, Foster ER. Understanding activity participation among individuals with Wolfram Syndrome. Br J Occup Ther 2018; 81:348-357. [PMID: 29861534 PMCID: PMC5983031 DOI: 10.1177/0308022618757182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wolfram Syndrome (WFS) is a rare genetic disease associated with a variety of progressive metabolic and neurologic impairments. Previous research has focused on WFS-related impairments and biomarkers for disease progression; however, information about how WFS impacts participation in daily activities is lacking. METHODS WFS (n=45; 20 children, 25 adults) participants completed an online questionnaire about activity participation. Thirty-six non-WFS comparison participants (11 children; 25 adults) completed a portion of the questionnaire. Symptom data from a subset of WFS participants (n=20) were also examined in relation to participation data. RESULTS WFS children and adults had lower participation than non-WFS children and adults in almost all activity domains, and social and exercise-related activities were the most problematic. In the subset of WFS adults with symptom data, poorer vision, balance, gait, hearing, and overall symptom severity related to lower participation. CONCLUSIONS WFS appears to negatively impact participation in a variety of activities, and this effect may increase as people age and/or WFS progresses. The most functionally-pertinent WFS symptoms are those associated with neurodegeneration especially vision loss and walking and balance problems. This study revealed symptoms and activity domains that are most relevant for people with WFS and, thus, can inform current practice and treatment development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bumpus
- Occupational Therapy Doctoral Student, Program in Occupational Therapy at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Tasha Doty
- Professional Rater III, Program in Occupational Therapy and Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Samantha Ranck
- Professional Rater III, Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Meredith Gronski
- Director, Department of Occupational Therapy at Methodist University, USA
| | - Fumihko Urano
- Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, and Department of Pathology and Immunology at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Erin R Foster
- Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine, USA
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Tran Y, Blumgart E, Craig A. Mood state sub-types in adults who stutter: A prospective study. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 56:100-111. [PMID: 29089147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many adults who stutter have elevated negative mood states like anxiety and depressive mood. Little is known about how mood states change over time. The purpose of this study was to determine the trajectories or sub-types of mood states in adults who stutter over a 6 month period, and establish factors that contribute to these sub-types. METHOD Participants included 129 adults who stutter who completed an assessment regimen at baseline, including a measure of mood states (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). Three mood states were assessed (interpersonal sensitivity or IS, depressive mood and anxiety) once a month over 6 months. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to establish trajectories of change in these mood states over time. Logistic regression was then used to determine factors assessed at baseline that contribute to the IS trajectories. RESULTS Three-class trajectory models were accepted as the best fit for IS, depressive mood and anxiety mood sub-types. Stable and normal mood state sub-types were found, incorporating around 60% of participants. Up to 40% belonged to sub-types comprising elevated levels of negative mood states. The logistic regression was conducted only with the IS domain, and revealed four factors that significantly contributed to IS mood sub-types. Those with low perceived control, low vitality, elevated social fears and being female were more likely to belong to elevated IS classes. CONCLUSIONS This research revealed mood sub-types in adults who stutter, providing direction for the treatment of stuttering. Clarification of how much stuttering influences mood sub-types versus pre-existing mood is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tran
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065 NSW, Australia; Key University Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elaine Blumgart
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065 NSW, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065 NSW, Australia.
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Tajvar M, Grundy E, Fletcher A. Social support and mental health status of older people: a population-based study in Iran-Tehran. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:344-353. [PMID: 27976913 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1261800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate direct and stress-buffering associations between social support from family and the mental health of older people in Iran, a country which has recently undergone an exceptionally fast fertility transition and is consequently experiencing rapid population ageing. METHOD A cross-sectional stratified random survey of 800 people aged 60+ years resident in Tehran was conducted. In total, 644 people responded. The Social Provisions Scale and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure perceived social support and mental health, respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS The findings supported the hypothesis of a direct association between perceived and received social support and mental health. However, we did not find strong evidence to suggest that social support buffered the effects of stress arising from limitations of physical functioning. Lack of help doing paperwork was associated with worse mental health for women but not men. Source of support did not seem to be important. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that in Tehran, as in Western settings, social support is important for the mental well-being of older people. Recommendations for policy and further research priorities based on the study findings were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tajvar
- a Department of Health Management and Economic Sciences, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Emily Grundy
- b Department of Social Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Fletcher
- c Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom
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Gellert P, Häusler A, Suhr R, Gholami M, Rapp M, Kuhlmey A, Nordheim J. Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189849. [PMID: 29300741 PMCID: PMC5754077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects). Method A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models. Results Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (β = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (β = -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (β = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (β = .13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present. Conclusion The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Häusler
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralf Suhr
- Centre for Quality in Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryam Gholami
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Nordheim
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Schmälzle R, Brook O'Donnell M, Garcia JO, Cascio CN, Bayer J, Bassett DS, Vettel JM, Falk EB. Brain connectivity dynamics during social interaction reflect social network structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5153-5158. [PMID: 28465434 PMCID: PMC5441802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social ties are crucial for humans. Disruption of ties through social exclusion has a marked effect on our thoughts and feelings; however, such effects can be tempered by broader social network resources. Here, we use fMRI data acquired from 80 male adolescents to investigate how social exclusion modulates functional connectivity within and across brain networks involved in social pain and understanding the mental states of others (i.e., mentalizing). Furthermore, using objectively logged friendship network data, we examine how individual variability in brain reactivity to social exclusion relates to the density of participants' friendship networks, an important aspect of social network structure. We find increased connectivity within a set of regions previously identified as a mentalizing system during exclusion relative to inclusion. These results are consistent across the regions of interest as well as a whole-brain analysis. Next, examining how social network characteristics are associated with task-based connectivity dynamics, we find that participants who showed greater changes in connectivity within the mentalizing system when socially excluded by peers had less dense friendship networks. This work provides insight to understand how distributed brain systems respond to social and emotional challenges and how such brain dynamics might vary based on broader social network characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schmälzle
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Javier O Garcia
- Human Research and Engineering Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005
| | - Christopher N Cascio
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph Bayer
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean M Vettel
- Human Research and Engineering Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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Hämmig O. Health and well-being at work: The key role of supervisor support. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:393-402. [PMID: 29349232 PMCID: PMC5769068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether and in what way social support from different sources and domains makes an additional or different and independent contribution to various health and work-related outcomes. Cross-sectional data were used from an employee survey among the workforces of four service companies from different industries in Switzerland. The study sample covered 5,877 employees of working age. The lack of social support from a spouse, relatives, friends, direct supervisors, closest colleagues at work and other co-workers in case of problems at work and at home were assessed and studied individually and jointly as risk factors with respect to a total number of eight outcomes. Health-related outcomes covered poor self-rated health, musculoskeletal disorders, stress feelings and burnout symptoms. Work-related outcomes included feeling overwhelmed at work, difficulty with switching off after work, job dissatisfaction and intention to turnover. Social support from multiple sources in contrast to only individual sources in both life domains was found to be more frequent in women than in men and proved to be most protective and beneficial with regard to health and well-being at work. However, after mutual adjustment of all single sources of social support from both domains, a lack of supervisor support turned out to be the only or the strongest of the few remaining support measures and statistically significant risk factors for the studied outcomes throughout and by far. Being unable to count on the support of a direct supervisor in case of problems at work and even at home was shown to involve a substantially increased risk of poor health and work-related outcomes (aOR = up to 3.8). Multiple sources of social support, and particularly supervisor support, seem to be important resources of health and well-being at work and need to be considered as key factors in workplace health promotion. Social support from only few sources instead of multiple sources was observed to be more frequent in men than women. Social support from only few sources was found to be a strong risk factor for health and well-being at work. When examined individually but simultaneously, lack of supervisor support almost consistently turned out to be the only or the strongest risk factor by far. Associations found between lack of supervisor support and health/work outcomes were strongest in case of problems at work and for outcomes such as burnout, turnover intention and job dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hämmig
- University of Zurich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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Szalai M, Szirmai A, Füge K, Makai A, Erdélyi G, Prémusz V, Bódis J. Special aspects of social support: Qualitative analysis of oncologic rehabilitation through a belly dancing peer support group. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28194904 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-related peer support groups (PSGs) show long-term development in quality of life and coping, and decrease distress in cancer care. To clarify channels of social support in oncologic rehabilitation by combined exercise and psychosocial therapy, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted after 1 year additional belly dance rehabilitation in a closed PSG among 51 patients with malignant tumour diagnosis in Budapest, Hungary. Interview data were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis (ATLAS.ti 6 Win). Results suggest that group experience provides emotional-, practical- and informational support. We could point out specific social effects of "role model" function and extend the coping model. The group dispose all the features of effective suggestion and may be effectively applied as additional therapy for patients with malignancies. The extended coping model and the introduction of "role model" function could be useful for PSGs' efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szalai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Szirmai
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Füge
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Makai
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Erdélyi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - V Prémusz
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Bódis
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Au A. Low mental health treatment participation and Confucianist familial norms among East Asian immigrants: A critical review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2016.1264036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anson Au
- Department of Methodology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Effects of Social Determinants on Chinese Immigrant Food Service Workers' Work Performance and Injuries: Mental Health as a Mediator. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 57:806-13. [PMID: 26147549 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of social discrimination, job concerns, and social support on worker mental health and the influence of mental health on occupational health outcomes have been documented intermittently. We propose an integrated, theory-driven model to distinguish the impact of social determinants on work performance and injuries and the mediating effects of mental health problems. METHODS The US Chinese immigrant food service workers (N = 194) completed a multimeasure interview; we tested the integrated model using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Mental health problems, which were associated with decreased work performance and increased injuries, also mediated relationships between job/employment concerns and both work performance and injuries but did not mediate the influences of discrimination and social support. CONCLUSIONS This research reveals mechanisms by which social determinants influence immigrant worker health, pointing to complementary strategies for reducing occupational health disparities.
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Ditchman N, Sheehan L, Rafajko S, Haak C, Kazukauskas K. Predictors of social integration for individuals with brain injury: An application of the ICF model. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1581-1589. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1199900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ditchman
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Sheehan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Rafajko
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Haak
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Kazukauskas
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Janicki Deverts D, Cohen S, Doyle WJ. Dispositional Affect Moderates the Stress-Buffering Effect of Social Support on Risk for Developing the Common Cold. J Pers 2016; 85:675-686. [PMID: 27468129 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine whether trait positive and negative affect (PA, NA) moderate the stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on risk for developing a cold subsequent to being exposed to a virus that causes mild upper respiratory illness. METHOD Analyses were based on archival data from 694 healthy adults (Mage = 31.0 years, SD = 10.7 years; 49.0% female; 64.6% Caucasian). Perceived social support and perceived stress were assessed by self-report questionnaire and trait affect by aggregating responses to daily mood items administered by telephone interview across several days. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a virus that causes the common cold and monitored for 5 days for clinical illness (infection + objective signs of illness). RESULTS Two 3-way interactions emerged-Support × Stress × PA and Support × Stress × NA. The nature of these effects was such that among persons with high trait PA or low trait NA, greater social support attenuated the risk of developing a cold when under high but not low perceived stress; this stress-buffering effect did not emerge among persons with low trait PA or high trait NA. CONCLUSIONS Dispositional affect might be used to identify individuals who may be most responsive to social support and support-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William J Doyle
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Awasthi P, Mishra R. Role of Coping Strategies and Social Support in Perceived Illness Consequences and Controllability among Diabetic Women. PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPING SOCIETIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/097133360701900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the processes by which people cope with stress has grown dramatically over the past decade. In the present study the role of coping strategies and social support in perceived illness consequences and illness controllability beliefs among diabetic women (n = 100) were studied. It was found that approach coping strategies reduced the severity of perceived illness consequences, whereas avoidance coping strategies increased the severity of perceived illness consequences. The approach strategies of coping were positively correlated to self and doctors’ control. The patients characterised by high level of social support felt less severe consequences of illness. These findings are discussed in the context of the current analyses of lay theories and also folk models of illness find due representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Awasthi
- Purnima Awasthi is Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. She is primarily interested in the study of health beliefs and practices, and their application to community development.,
| | - R.C. Mishra
- R.C. Mishra is Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. He has published in the fields of cognition, acculturation, schooling and cross-cultural studies
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Musekamp G, Bengel J, Schuler M, Faller H. Improved self-management skills predict improvements in quality of life and depression in patients with chronic disorders. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 99:1355-1361. [PMID: 27050107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-management programs aim to improve patients' skills to manage their chronic condition in everyday life. Improvement in self-management is assumed to bring about improvements in more distal outcomes, such as quality of life. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that changes in self-reported self-management skills observed after participation in self-management programs predict changes in both quality of life and depressive symptoms three months later. METHODS Using latent change modeling, the relationship between changes in latent variables over three time points (start and end of rehabilitation, after three months) was analysed. The sample comprised 580 patients with different chronic conditions treated in inpatient rehabilitation clinics. The influence of additional predictor variables (age, sex, perceived social support) and type of disorder as a moderator variable was also tested. RESULTS Changes in self-reported self-management skills after rehabilitation predicted changes in both quality of life and depressive symptoms at the end of rehabilitation and the 3 months follow-up. These relationships remained significant after the inclusion of other predictor variables and were similar across disorders. CONCLUSION The findings provide support for the hypothesis that improvements in proximal outcomes of self-management programs may foster improvements in distal outcomes. Further studies should investigate treatment mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Musekamp
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bengel
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schuler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Faller
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Best P, Gil-Rodriguez E, Manktelow R, Taylor BJ. Seeking Help From Everyone and No-One: Conceptualizing the Online Help-Seeking Process Among Adolescent Males. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:1067-1077. [PMID: 27179020 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316648128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Online help-seeking is an emerging trend within the 21st century. Yet, despite some movement toward developing online services, little is known about how young people locate, access, and receive support online. This study aims to conceptualize the process of online help-seeking among adolescent males. Modified photo-elicitation techniques were employed within eight semi-structured focus group sessions with adolescent males aged 14 to 15 years (n = 56) across seven schools in Northern Ireland. Thematic analyses were conducted within an ontological framework of critical realism and an epistemological framework of contextualism. Informal online help-seeking pathways increased opportunity for social support and reduced stigma but also included loss of control and reduced anonymity. Formal pathways offered increased anonymity but concerns were raised regarding participants' ability to locate and appraise the quality of information online. A conceptual model of online help-seeking has been developed to highlight the key help-seeking pathways taken by adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Best
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Roger Manktelow
- Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Brian J Taylor
- Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
Increased family demands during the postpartum period together with having to cope with symptoms and curtailed everyday functioning associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest the need for additional support for mothers with MS throughout the first postpartum year. This study investigated factors (MS duration, MS relapse, symptoms, social support) that affect functional performance of 172 mothers with MS during the second 6-month postpartum period. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and path analysis. Findings indicated a good fit of the path models to the data at 9 and 12 months. Significant effects at both 9 and 12 months included positive relationships between duration of MS and symptoms and between social support and functional performance. Significant negative relationships were observed between symptoms and both social support and functional performance. Social support mediated the relationship between symptoms and functional performance. Findings suggest the importance of continued social support throughout the first postpartum year.
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Abstract
A growing literature documents the positive effect of social relationships on health, in general, and in reducing mortality, in particular. Much remains to be learned about which relationships have this effect, particularly among the elderly. This research, a secondary analysis of a national sample of community-dwelling elderly aged 70 and over, addresses these questions. Data come from the Longitudinal Study on Aging. Five scales constructed from relationship questions asked in the survey are related to respondent mortality over a 4-year follow-up using multiple logistic regression . The research confirms that certain relationships appear to reduce subsequent mortality: going to church/temple, volunteering, seeing friends or neighbors, and talking with them on the phone (socioexpressive relationships). The effect can be seen among healthy and more infirm elders. Helping relationships and household and kin relationships do not seem to reduce the risk of elder moriality.
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Cameron RP, Wells JD, Hobfoll SE. Stress, Social Support and Coping in Pregnancy. J Health Psychol 2016; 1:195-208. [DOI: 10.1177/135910539600100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The social support literature, despite its focus on women's strengths in relationships, has not fully addressed the social realities of women of diverse ethnic backgrounds and socio economic conditions. Specifically, the emphasis on marital relationships as primary sources of support during pregnancy marginalizes those women for whom these partnerships are unhelpful or unavailable. In addition, women's greater use of social support as a coping strategy is often portrayed in the coping literature as an ineffective approach to stress. Data from two studies of pregnant women are presented to illustrate these points and to present a new model of coping that reframes women's coping as prosocial, active and effective. Our article is designed to challenge researchers to examine the relevance of work on social support and coping to women of varying ethnicities and economic circumstances.
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Schoberberger R, Schmeiser-Rieder A, Kunze M. Problems in Treatment and Nursing of Cancer Patients. J Health Psychol 2016; 1:241-50. [DOI: 10.1177/135910539600100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment and nursing of cancer patients place great demands on physicians, nurses and the patients' families. The enormous emotional strain on the patient may lead to frustration and 'burnout' among health-care professionals. This article consists of three steps: (a) a qualitative analysis based on a discussion with experts in oncology; (b) a questionnaire investigation of physicians and nurses; and (c) training courses for interested physicians and nurses. The majority of physicians and nurses pointed out that: the value of psychological support is generally underestimated, therapeutic complaints are often due to the patients' lack of information and administrative problems negatively influenced their relationship with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kunze
- Institute of Social Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria
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Li L, Lin C, Liang LJ, Ji G. Exploring Coping and Social Support with Gender and Education Among People Living with HIV in China. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:317-24. [PMID: 26494110 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Social support promotes positive coping strategies among people living with HIV (PLH); however, little is known about the various aspects of social support and their distinct effects on coping. The present study investigates the specific links between coping and perceived social support with respect to gender and education among PLH. A total of 522 PLH in Anhui, China, participated in an assessment that collected data on demographics, perceived tangible and emotional support, and cognitive and behavioral coping. The assessment was conducted using the computer-assisted personal interviewing method. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Emotional support was significantly associated with both cognitive and behavioral coping. Tangible support was significantly associated with behavioral coping but not with emotional coping. Women reported significantly lower levels of emotional support, cognitive coping, and behavioral coping than men did. Significant associations between tangible support and coping were found only among illiterate males. Women living with HIV are in greater need of social support and coping strategies. Future interventions should be gender specific, with targeted support for women with lower education levels to enhance their coping strategies.
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Ponce de León LP, Lévy JP, Fernández T, Ballesteros S. Modeling Active Aging and Explicit Memory: An Empirical Study. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2015; 40:183-190. [PMID: 26285357 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the population of older adults and their concomitant psychological status and health needs have captured the attention of researchers and health professionals. To help fill the void of literature available to social workers interested in mental health promotion and aging, the authors provide a model for active aging that uses psychosocial variables. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among the latent variables of the state of explicit memory, the perception of social resources, depression, and the perception of quality of life in a sample of 184 older adults. The results suggest that explicit memory is not a direct indicator of the perception of quality of life, but it could be considered an indirect indicator as it is positively correlated with perception of social resources and negatively correlated with depression. These last two variables influenced the perception of quality of life directly, the former positively and the latter negatively. The main outcome suggests that the perception of social support improves explicit memory and quality of life and reduces depression in active older adults. The findings also suggest that gerontological professionals should design memory training programs, improve available social resources, and offer environments with opportunities to exercise memory.
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Craig A, Blumgart E, Tran Y. A model clarifying the role of mediators in the variability of mood states over time in people who stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2015; 44:63-73. [PMID: 25825349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated negative mood states such as social anxiety and depressive mood have been found in adults who stutter. Research is needed to assist in the development of a model that clarifies how factors like self-efficacy and social support contribute to the variability of negative mood states over time. METHOD Participants included 200 adults who stutter. A longitudinal design was employed to assess change in mood states over a period of five months. Hierarchical directed regression (path analysis) was used to determine contributory relationships between change in mood states and self-efficacy, social support, socio-demographic and stuttering disorder variables. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment regimen, including validated measures of mood states, perceived control (self-efficacy) and social support. RESULTS Results confirmed that self-efficacy performs a protective role in the change in mood states like anxiety and depressive mood. That is, self-efficacy cushioned the impact of negative mood states. Social support was only found to contribute a limited protective influence. Socio-demographic variables had little direct impact on mood states, while perceived severity of stuttering also failed to contribute directly to mood at any time point. CONCLUSIONS Mood was found to be influenced by factors that are arguably important for a person to cope and adjust adaptively to the adversity associated with fluency disorder. A model that explains how mood states are influenced over time is described. Implications of these results for managing adults who stutter with elevated negative mood states like social anxiety are discussed. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES The reader will be able to describe: (a) the method involved in hierarchical (directed) regression used in path analysis; (b) the variability of mood states over a period of five months; (c) the nature of the mediator relationship between factors like self-efficacy and social support and mood states like anxiety, and (d) the contribution to mood states of socio-demographic factors like age and education and stuttering disorder variables like stuttering frequency and perceived severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Elaine Blumgart
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Yvonne Tran
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Key University Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB, Doyle WJ. Does hugging provide stress-buffering social support? A study of susceptibility to upper respiratory infection and illness. Psychol Sci 2014; 26:135-47. [PMID: 25526910 DOI: 10.1177/0956797614559284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived social support has been hypothesized to protect against the pathogenic effects of stress. How such protection might be conferred, however, is not well understood. Using a sample of 404 healthy adults, we examined the roles of perceived social support and received hugs in buffering against interpersonal stress-induced susceptibility to infectious disease. Perceived support was assessed by questionnaire, and daily interpersonal conflict and receipt of hugs were assessed by telephone interviews on 14 consecutive evenings. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a virus that causes a common cold and were monitored in quarantine to assess infection and illness signs. Perceived support protected against the rise in infection risk associated with increasing frequency of conflict. A similar stress-buffering effect emerged for hugging, which explained 32% of the attenuating effect of support. Among infected participants, greater perceived support and more-frequent hugs each predicted less-severe illness signs. These data suggest that hugging may effectively convey social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | | | - Ronald B Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center
| | - William J Doyle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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