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Hammond CJ, Van Eck K, Adger H. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Substance Use and Substance-Related Risk Factors and Outcomes: Implications for Prevention, Treatment, and Policy. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:653-669. [PMID: 39003008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Youth substance use and substance use disorders (SUD) are major public health issues associated with significant societal cost. The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and pandemic-related lockdowns, school closures, and social distancing dramatically impacted the daily lives of young people worldwide, resulting in major disruptions to normal developmental trajectories and complex (and at times opposing effects) on different SUD risk and protective factors, which contributed to inconsistent outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, substance use prevalence rates decreased in the general population of US youth, but increased for certain vulnerable subgroups. Additionally, overdose deaths related to fentanyl rose significantly among US youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hammond
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 5500 Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Kathryn Van Eck
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1741 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hoover Adger
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Olderbak S, Möckl J, Rauschert C, Schäfer E, Helmer S, Seitz NN, Hoch E. Predictors of changes in marijuana consumption in Germany during the covid-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01861-5. [PMID: 38969751 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic Germany experienced its first increase in the proportion of heavy cannabis users since 1995. With the expected nationwide decriminalization of cannabis before 2025, we investigate the potential causes for that increase. Data were from the 2021 European Web Survey on Drugs (EWSD) including 762 12-month marijuana users from Germany (72.9% male, mean age = 29.5 years). Both heavy and regular cannabis consumers reported an increase in marijuana consumption during the pandemic, with infrequent users reporting a decrease. Using multinomial logistic regression, we found younger individuals (OR = 0.95 [95% CI = 0.92, 0.98]) and those not pursuing or completing higher education (OR = 1.86 [1.23, 2.81]) had increased use. Additionally, using cannabis to self-medicate (OR = 2.79 [1.56, 4.99]) and purchasing marijuana (OR = 2.26 [1.35, 3.77]) was associated with increased use. We found, relative to infrequent users, both regular (OR = 4.00 [2.39, 6.72]) and notably heavy users (OR = 31.17 [12.10, 80.32]) were more likely to use cannabis to self-medicate. Both regular (OR = 4.09 [2.47, 6.77]) and especially heavy users (OR = 13.53 [6.74, 27.16]) were also more likely to purchase marijuana. Heavy users were also more likely to be past 30-day tobacco users (OR = 5.92 [2.81, 12.45]). We identified the self-reported motivation of using cannabis to self-medicate as well as act of purchasing marijuana as having the strongest relation to being a heavy user and increasing marijuana use during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Olderbak
- IFT Center for Mental Health & Addiction Research, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Justin Möckl
- IFT Center for Mental Health & Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Evita Schäfer
- IFT Center for Mental Health & Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Helmer
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Hoch
- IFT Center for Mental Health & Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munich, Germany
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Tan Y, Pinder D, Bayoumi I, Carter R, Cole M, Jackson L, Watson A, Knox B, Chan-Nguyen S, Ford M, Davison CM, Bartels SA, Purkey E. Family and community resilience: a Photovoice study. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:62. [PMID: 38504281 PMCID: PMC10949719 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), in combination with adverse community environments, can result in traumatic stress reactions, increasing a person's risk for chronic physical and mental health conditions. Family resilience refers to the ability of families to withstand and rebound from adversity; it involves coping with disruptions as well as positive growth in the face of sudden or challenging life events, trauma, or adversities. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to family and community resilience from the perspective of families who self-identified as having a history of adversity and being resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study used Photovoice, a visual participatory research method which asks participants to take photographs to illustrate their responses to a research question. Participants consisted of a maximum variation sample of families who demonstrated family level resilience in the context of the pair of ACEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family members were asked to collect approximately five images or videos that illustrated the facilitators and barriers to well-being for their family in their community. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted using the SHOWeD framework to allow participants to share and elucidate the meaning of their photos. Using thematic analysis, two researchers then independently completed line-by-line coding of interview transcripts before collaborating to develop consensus regarding key themes and interpretations. RESULTS Nine families were enrolled in the study. We identified five main themes that enhanced family resilience: (1) social support networks; (2) factors fostering children's development; (3) access and connection to nature; (4) having a space of one's own; and (5) access to social services and community resources. CONCLUSIONS In the context of additional stresses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, resilient behaviours and strategies for families were identified. The creation or development of networks of intra- and inter-community bonds; the promotion of accessible parenting, housing, and other social services; and the conservation and expansion of natural environments may support resilience and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tan
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 80 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Danielle Pinder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Imaan Bayoumi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Rifaa Carter
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Michele Cole
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Logan Jackson
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Autumn Watson
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Bruce Knox
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Sophy Chan-Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
| | - Meghan Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Colleen M Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Susan A Bartels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 4V7, Canada
| | - Eva Purkey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 5E9, Canada.
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Mehra K, Rup J, Wiese JL, Watson TM, Bonato S, Rueda S. Changes in self-reported cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2139. [PMID: 37915021 PMCID: PMC10621278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting mental health and substance use (MHSU) issues worldwide. The purpose of this study was to characterize the literature on changes in cannabis use during the pandemic and the factors associated with such changes. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching peer-reviewed databases and grey literature from January 2020 to May 2022 using the Arksey and O'Malley Framework. Two independent reviewers screened a total of 4235 documents. We extracted data from 129 documents onto a data extraction form and collated results using content analytical techniques. RESULTS Nearly half (48%) of the studies reported an increase/initiation of cannabis use, while 36% studies reported no change, and 16% reported a decrease/cessation of cannabis use during the pandemic. Factors associated with increased cannabis use included socio-demographic factors (e.g., younger age), health related factors (e.g., increased symptom burden), MHSU factors (e.g., anxiety, depression), pandemic-specific reactions (e.g., stress, boredom, social isolation), cannabis-related factors (e.g., dependence), and policy-related factors (e.g., legalization of medical/recreational cannabis). CONCLUSION Public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to significantly impact cannabis use. The pandemic has placed urgency on improving coping mechanisms and supports that help populations adapt to major and sudden life changes. To better prepare health care systems for future pandemics, wide-reaching education on how pandemic-related change impacts cannabis use is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Mehra
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rup
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jessica L Wiese
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tara Marie Watson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Sarah Bonato
- Library Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Sergio Rueda
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Park S, Yon H, Ban CY, Shin H, Eum S, Lee SW, Shin YH, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Min C, Yeniova AÖ, Kim SY, Lee J, Hadalin V, Kwon R, Koo MJ, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim S, Hahn JW, Kim N, Lefkir E, Bondeville V, Rhee SY, Shin JI, Yon DK, Woo HG. National trends in alcohol and substance use among adolescents from 2005 to 2021: a Korean serial cross-sectional study of one million adolescents. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1071-1081. [PMID: 36977821 PMCID: PMC10049906 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents, more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during recent periods, including the mid-pandemic period. This study investigated the changes in alcohol and substance use, except tobacco use, throughout the pre-, early-, and mid-pandemic periods in adolescents using a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey from South Korea. METHODS Data on 1,109,776 Korean adolescents aged 13-18 years from 2005 to 2021 were obtained in a survey operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. We evaluated adolescents' alcohol and substance consumption prevalence and compared the slope of alcohol and substance prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to see the trend changes. We define the pre-COVID-19 period as consisting of four groups of consecutive years (2005-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2015, and 2016-2019). The COVID-19 pandemic period is composed of 2020 (early-pandemic era) and 2021 (mid-pandemic era). RESULTS More than a million adolescents successfully met the inclusion criteria. The weighted prevalence of current alcohol use was 26.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4-27.1] from 2005 to 2008 and 10.5% (95% CI 10.1-11.0) in 2020 and 2021. The weighted prevalence of substance use was 1.1% (95% CI 1.1-1.2) from 2005 to 2008 and 0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.7) between 2020 and 2021. From 2005 to 2021, the overall trend of use of both alcohol and drugs was found to decrease, but the decline has slowed since COVID-19 epidemic (current alcohol use: βdiff 0.167; 95% CI 0.150-0.184; substance use: βdiff 0.152; 95% CI 0.110-0.194). The changes in the slope of current alcohol and substance use showed a consistent slowdown with regard to sex, grade, residence area, and smoking status from 2005 to 2021. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use among over one million Korean adolescents from the early and mid-stage (2020-2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a slower decline than expected given the increase during the prepandemic period (2005-2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Ban
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoin Shin
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seounghyun Eum
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Özgür Yeniova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Vlasta Hadalin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Ji Koo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fond
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Namwoo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eléa Lefkir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Victoire Bondeville
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Sumbe A, Clendennen SL, Chen B, Messiah SE, Harrell MB. Depressive symptoms and the age of initiation of tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 252:110971. [PMID: 37757647 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated important associations between depressive symptoms and tobacco and marijuana use. However, to date, it is unknown if depressive symptoms predispose youth to tobacco and marijuana use at earlier ages over time. METHODS Data from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS) for the years 2019-2021 (Waves 9-14) were used. Eligible samples include individuals who had never used cigarette (n=1776), e-cigarette (n=1353), or marijuana (n=1505) at basline and had complete data on covariates. Interval-censoring survival analysis was used to examine the differences in the estimated age of first use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana by depressive symptoms. RESULTS 10th-grade cohort participants with depressive symptoms had increased risk of earlier age of first use of cigarette [AHR=1.45; 95% CI=1.02-2.04)], e-cigarette [AHR=1.65(1.27-2.15)], and marijuana [AHR=1.56(1.20-2.01)]. 12th-grade cohort participants with depressive symptoms had increased risk of earlier age of first use of cigarette [AHR=1.41(1.11-1.82), e-cigarette [AHR=1.35(1.10-1.87)] and marijuana [AHR=1.25(1.01-1.55)]. However, among the two-year post-high school cohort, depressive symptoms predicted the age of first use of marijuana only [AHR=1.34(1.13-1.60)]. Between ages 18-to-20 years, the estimated cumulative incidence of initiation almost doubled for all three products among depressive participants in 10th and 12th-grade cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Among 10th-grade, 12th-grade, and 2-year post-HS students, those with depressive symptoms initiate tobacco and marijuana use at earlier ages than peers without depressive symptoms. Early screening and management of depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults may be a promising target for preventing or delaying the age of first use of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara S Bataineh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Baojiang Chen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA; Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
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Greń J, Richards DK, Pearson MR, Ostaszewski K. Development and validation of the Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale (SUPSS) among Polish young adults using various psychoactive substances. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023:104216. [PMID: 37802721 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Research supports protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as effective in reducing substance use, intoxication, and/or related risks/harms. However, despite the predominance of polysubstance use and common co-occurrence of different substance use disorders (SUDs), previous PBS research has been limited in terms of substance-specific measurement. This study sought to develop and validate a measure of PBS that is not substance-specific. Building from initial pilot work, we tested the psychometric properties of the Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale (SUPSS) in a large sample of young adults (N = 7325, aged 18-30), who reported using multiple psychoactive substances (other than alcohol and nicotine), recruited via social media in Poland. By splitting the sample, we conducted exploratory (n = 3709) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 3614), which supported a 4-factor structure with 19 items (7 items dropped): Preparation for use (α = 0.66), Manner of use (α = 0.85), Additional concerns (α = 0.74), and Setting (α = 0.62). Configural, metric and scalar invariance were supported across sex, age, and user status for most substance types (cannabis, dissociatives, etc.). Further, the SUPSS factors were strongly associated with substance-related harms (R-squared = 0.495) and SUD symptoms (DUDIT, R-squared = 0.570). Our model fit was adequate (but not excellent), and two subscales had low internal consistency, highlighting the need for further improvement of the SUPSS. Despite its limitations, we found the SUPSS to have strong psychometric properties and it holds promise to enhance PBS research and harm reduction-oriented interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Greń
- Public Health Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Poland; Center of Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, USA.
| | - Dylan K Richards
- Center of Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, USA
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center of Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, USA
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Remesan AK, Sekaran VC, Jothikaran TAJ, Ashok L. Substance Use among Emerging Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review through the Lens of Sustainable Development Goals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6834. [PMID: 37835104 PMCID: PMC10572374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health initiatives, including lockdowns to reduce the spread of COVID-19, have resulted in societal stressors like loneliness, job loss, and economic collapse linked to worsening mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, and coping-related substance use. The various psychosocial stressors caused by the pandemic have potentially led to the increased use of substances across the globe, particularly among emerging adults. The current study summarises the literature on substance use among emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The terms "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "substance use", "substance abuse", "drug use", drug abuse", "emerging adults", and "young adults" were all used in different combinations throughout the search, using the Scopus, PubMed, and JSTOR databases. Using this method, a total of 28 English-language citations published between 2020 and 2023 were obtained. Following a study of the articles mentioned above, 16 papers were removed. The remaining 12 papers were included in this review. Even though substance use dropped when COVID-19 lockdowns began, it rose when restrictions were removed, particularly among those with prior substance use. Studies related to mental health need to assess substance use, as many emerging adults use substances to cope with distress, including isolation and loneliness, which are part of the current mental health crisis among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith K. Remesan
- Department of Health Policy, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran
- Department of Health Policy, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Teddy Andrews Jaihind Jothikaran
- Department of Social and Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (T.A.J.J.); (L.A.)
| | - Lena Ashok
- Department of Social and Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (T.A.J.J.); (L.A.)
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Romm KF, Cohn AM, Wang Y, Berg CJ. Psychosocial predictors of trajectories of dual cigarette and e-cigarette use among young adults in the US. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107658. [PMID: 36812780 PMCID: PMC10154740 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults have the highest prevalence of cigarette and e-cigarette use, warranting research to identify psychosocial correlates of their use trajectories. METHODS Repeated measures latent profile analyses (RMLPAs) examined past 6-month cigarette and e-cigarette trajectories across 5 waves of data (2018-2020) among 3,006 young adults (Mage = 24.56 [SD = 4.72], 54.8% female, 31.6% sexual minority, 60.2% racial/ethnic minority). Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations among psychosocial factors (i.e., depressive symptoms, adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], personality traits) and trajectories of cigarette and e-cigarette use, controlling for sociodemographics and past 6-month alcohol and cannabis use. RESULTS RMLPAs yielded a 6-profile solution, which were uniquely associated with predictors: stable low-level or nonusers of cigarettes and e-cigarettes (66.3%; referent group), stable low-level cigarette and high-level e-cigarette use (12.3%; greater depressive symptoms, ACEs, openness; male, White, cannabis use), stable mid-level cigarette and low-level e-cigarette use (6.2%; greater depressive symptoms, ACEs, extraversion; less openness, conscientiousness; older age, male, Black or Hispanic, cannabis use), stable low-level cigarette and decreasing e-cigarette use (6.0%; greater depressive symptoms, ACEs, openness; younger age, cannabis use), stable high-level cigarette and low-level e-cigarette use (4.7%; greater depressive symptoms, ACEs, extraversion; older age, cannabis use), and decreasing high-level cigarette and stable high-level e-cigarette use (4.5%; greater depressive symptoms, ACEs, extraversion, less conscientiousness; older age, cannabis use). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette and e-cigarette prevention and cessation efforts should be targeted both toward specific trajectories of use and their unique psychosocial correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Amy M Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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McLeish AC, Hart JL, Walker KL. Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on use behavior and risk perceptions of college student E-cigarette users. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36996419 PMCID: PMC10544669 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2194441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Work examining the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-cigarette use among college students is limited. Therefore, the current study examined differences in college student e-cigarette users' changes in use behavior and risk perceptions as the pandemic continues. Participants: 129 undergraduate current e-cigarette users (Mage = 19.68, SD = 1.85; 72.1% female; 85.3% White). Methods: Participants completed an online survey between October 2020 and April 2021. Results: In terms of changes in frequency of e-cigarette use, 30.5% of participants increased their use and 23.4% decreased their use. Greater e-cigarette dependence and anxiety were associated with increased use. Nearly half of e-cigarette users reported increased motivation to quit, and 32.5% had made at least one quit attempt. Conclusions: A substantial number of students increased their e-cigarette use as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cessation efforts targeting increased anxiety and dependence may be useful in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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11
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Clendennen SL, Chen B, Sumbe A, Harrell MB. Patterns in Mental Health Symptomatology and Cigarette, E-cigarette, and Marijuana Use Among Texas Youth and Young Adults Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:266-273. [PMID: 36018816 PMCID: PMC9825349 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined patterns in mental health symptomatology and smoking and vaping behaviors among youth and young adults over a 1-year period from before to during the first year of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIMS AND METHODS Participants (n = 2148) were 16-24-year-olds who completed three waves of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance Study (TATAMS). Descriptive statistics and mixed effects logistic regression models were used to examine changes in anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use from before COVID-19 (fall 2019) to 6-month follow-up (spring 2020) and 12-month follow-up (fall 2020) periods during COVID-19. Longitudinal associations between mental health symptomatology and smoking and vaping were examined. RESULTS Modest increases in symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed from before to during COVID-19. Perceived stress remained high and unchanged. Ever marijuana use increased at 6- and 12-month follow-up, while ever cigarette and e-cigarette use increased significantly only at 12-month follow-up. Marijuana use frequency increased significantly at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, increased symptoms of anxiety and depression predicted increases in ever cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use, and past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use, but not past 30-day marijuana use. Higher perceived stress predicted increases in ever use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes and past 30-day cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Changes in mental health symptomatology and smoking and vaping behaviors among young people in Texas varied during this period of the COVID era. Increases in mental health symptomatology predicted increases in cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use behaviors. IMPLICATIONS This study adds to the limited research on the longitudinal impact of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress on cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use from before to during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings warrant health messaging and interventions that address the significant impact of worse mental health on increased smoking and vaping behavior, especially during crises like COVID-19 that may exacerbate mental health and substance use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Clendennen
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Marchand K, Liu G, Mallia E, Ow N, Glowacki K, Hastings KG, Mathias S, Sutherland JM, Barbic S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol or drug use symptoms and service need among youth: a cross-sectional sample from British Columbia, Canada. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:82. [PMID: 36550587 PMCID: PMC9774070 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about youth alcohol and drug use have risen since the declaration of the global COVID-19 pandemic due to the pandemic's impact on known risk and protective factors for substance use. However, the pandemic's immediate and long-term impact on youths' substance use patterns has been less clear. Thus, this study sought to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted alcohol or drug use and its risk and protective factors among youth accessing integrated youth services. METHODS We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study of patient-reported outcomes data collected between May 2018 and February 2022 among youth (n = 6022) ages 10-24 accessing a provincial network of integrated youth services in Canada. The main exposure of interest was the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - February 2022) compared with a pre-pandemic period (May 2018 - February 2020). As measured by the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Short Screener, outcomes included the average number of past month alcohol or drug use symptoms and past month likelihood of service need for alcohol/drug use (moderate/high vs. low need). Interrupted time series (ITS) examined change in average monthly alcohol/drug use symptoms between the pre- and pandemic periods. Stratified multivariable logistic regression investigated how the pandemic modified the effects of established risk/protective factors on likelihood of alcohol/drug use service need. RESULTS Fifty-percent of youth met the criteria for moderate/high likelihood of alcohol/drug use service need, with the odds being 2.39 times (95% confidence interval = 2.04, 2.80) greater during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Results from the ITS indicated significant immediate effects of the pandemic on monthly substance use symptoms (p = 0.01). Significant risk/protective factors for service need included exposure to violence, engagement in meaningful activities, and self-rated physical and mental health; and the direction of their effects remained consistent across pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic corresponded with increased alcohol or drug use among youth accessing integrated services. This signals an urgent need for increased clinical capacity in existing youth services and policies that can respond to risk/protective factors for substance use earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Marchand
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
| | - Guiping Liu
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, 201- 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Emilie Mallia
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada
| | - Nikki Ow
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
| | - Krista Glowacki
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
| | - Katherine G. Hastings
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Steve Mathias
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1 Canada
| | - Jason M. Sutherland
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, 201- 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Skye Barbic
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada ,grid.498725.5Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, 588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
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Clausen M, Romm KF, Berg CJ, Ciceron AC, Fuss C, Bennett B, Le D. Exploring young adults' e-cigarette use behavior during COVID-19. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:45. [PMID: 36568488 PMCID: PMC9753572 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in daily life related to COVID-19 have impacted e-cigarette use, particularly in young adults. This cross-sectional mixed-methods study explored young adults' perceptions regarding how COVID-19 influenced their e-cigarette use. METHODS We analyzed Fall 2020 survey data from 726 past 6-month e-cigarette users (mean age=24.15 years, 51.1% female, 35.5% sexual minority, 4.4% Black, 10.2% Asian, 12.1% Hispanic) and Spring 2021 semi-structured interview data among a subset of 40 participants (mean age=26.30 years, 35.0% female, 45.0% sexual minority, 5.0% Black, 22.5% Asian, 12.5% Hispanic). Participants were drawn from 6 metropolitan statistical areas with varied tobacco and cannabis legislative contexts. RESULTS Among survey participants, 44.4% also smoked cigarettes, 54.0% other tobacco products, and 60.1% used cannabis. They reported various changes in their daily lives, including changes in the nature and/or status of employment (e.g. 15.3% were laid off, 72.8% experienced household income loss). Regarding changes in e-cigarette use since COVID-19, 22.6% tried to cut down and 16.0% tried to quit. Interview participants commonly indicated that they increased their use due to stress, boredom, changes in accessibility, and/or changes to daily environment that made e-cigarette use more feasible. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of promoting opportunities for young adults to build relationships to decrease stress, foster a sense of belonging, and increase quality of life (e.g. increasing the accessibility to mental health and social support services, intentionally engaging young adults in pandemic-appropriate community-building and extracurricular activities). This research may help to inform future e-cigarette cessation interventions that consider the unique challenges of societal stressors, such as pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Clausen
- Department of Policy, Populations, and Systems, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Katelyn F. Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Annie C. Ciceron
- Department of Policy, Populations, and Systems, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Caroline Fuss
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Breesa Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Daisy Le
- Department of Policy, Populations, and Systems, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, United States
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14
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Adzrago D, Sulley S, Mamudu L, Ormiston CK, Williams F. The Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Frequent Use of E-Cigarettes and Its Association with Substance Use and Mental Health Symptoms. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 36421749 PMCID: PMC9687156 DOI: 10.3390/bs12110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies examined the association between e-cigarettes, substance use, and mental health conditions, there is limited research on whether COVID-19-related stress and health outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use differ by the frequency of e-cigarette use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the association of past 30-day frequent use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, anxiety/depression, and COVID-19 impact. METHODS We conducted a national online cross-sectional survey among a random sample of US adults aged 18 years or older (N = 5065) between 13 May 2021, and 9 January 2022. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the study aims. RESULTS Of the participants, 7.17% reported once to several times per month (OSTPM), 6.95% reported once to several times per week (OSTPW), and 6.57% reported every day to several times per day (ESTPD) use of e-cigarettes in the past month. Alcohol and cannabis use ESTPD and once to several times per week/month (OSTPW/M) were associated with a higher likelihood of e-cigarette use ESTPD and OSTPW/M, respectively. Anxiety/depression was associated with e-cigarette use ESTPD and OSTPW. Individuals who considered social distancing to be stressful were more likely to use e-cigarettes ESTPD and OSTPW/M compared to those that considered social distancing as not stressful. CONCLUSION Individuals who engaged in the frequent use of alcohol or cannabis, had depression/anxiety, and considered social distancing to be stressful were more likely to engage in frequent e-cigarette use. Improving efforts geared toward reducing the use of substances may help decrease the health risks associated with e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Adzrago
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Saanie Sulley
- National Healthy Start Association, 1325 G Street, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Lohuwa Mamudu
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Cameron K. Ormiston
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Two White Flint North, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Two White Flint North, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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15
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Chung T, Sartor C, Hipwell AE, Grosso A, Jiang Y. Person-centered patterns of substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with COVID-related impacts on health and personal finances in young Black and White women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 240:109620. [PMID: 36126609 PMCID: PMC9444575 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-level statistics on pandemic-related change in substance use can obscure patterns of use (e.g., polysubstance use) within individuals. This longitudinal study used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups with respect to patterns of substance use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine profile correlates (e.g., socio-demographic characteristics), which can inform tailored intervention. METHODS The two youngest age cohorts of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n = 938; 59.1 % Black, 40.9 % White; mean age= 26.2 (SD= 0.8)), a longitudinal community sample, provided data on past year frequency of cigarette/e-cigarette use, binge drinking (>4 drinks per occasion), and cannabis use prior to and during the pandemic, and perceived change in use. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups. Profile correlates were examined (e.g., sociodemographics, COVID-19 infection status and reported exposure, COVID-19 impacts on psychological health and finances). RESULTS Seven profiles were identified: "Low use", "Occasional binge drinking", "Cannabis use", "Cigarette/e-cigarette & binge drinking", "Occasional binge drinking & cannabis", "Binge drinking & cannabis", and "Polysubstance use". Black women were overrepresented in "Low use", which was associated with fewer pandemic effects on health. Profiles associated with more frequent binge drinking were more likely to report COVID-19 infection, whereas "Cannabis use" had lower reported infection prevalence. "Polysubstance use" had more COVID-related depression and income loss, on average, than "Low use". CONCLUSIONS Distinct subgroups representing single substance use, co-use, and polysubstance use prior to and during the pandemic were identified. The profiles show differential response to COVID-19 impacts, ranging from relative hardiness to specific needs to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Carolyn Sartor
- Yale University, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 201 N. Craig Street, Floor 4, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashley Grosso
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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16
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Taubin D, Berger AF, Baek I, DiSalvo M, Wilens TE, Yule AM. Are adolescents and young adults in substance use disorder treatment as engaged in the research recruitment process as those in general behavioral health treatment? Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106967. [PMID: 36265809 PMCID: PMC9814169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While prior research suggests that individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) are generally more difficult to engage in research, little is known about the research engagement of adolescents and young adults (AYA) in SUD treatment as it compares to peers seen in general behavioral health settings. This study aimed to systematically compare engagement in virtual research recruitment between AYA in SUD treatment and AYA in behavioral health (BH) treatment. METHODS Study staff contacted patients ages 16-30 at three outpatient clinics to recruit them for a naturalistic longitudinal online study. Staff documented whether patients answered the phone, expressed interest in the study, answered questions regarding eligibility, and enrolled in the study. RESULTS Overall, 18% (n = 117) of those contacted by phone enrolled in the study. The rate of AYA reached did not significantly differ between those in SUD treatment (51%) and those in BH treatment (55%). Among those who were reached, those in SUD and BH treatment did not significantly differ (all p > 0.05) in rates of being interested in the study (SUD: 58%; BH: 49%), completing the phone screen (SUD: 46%; BH: 41%) or enrolling in the study (SUD: 33%; BH: 35%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found that engaging AYA in SUD treatment in virtual naturalistic longitudinal research was no more difficult than engaging AYA seen in general behavioral health settings. Future research should examine generalizability of engagement in naturalistic research to other study designs and explore the continuity of this effect into study retention and completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Taubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| | - Amy F Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - In Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Maura DiSalvo
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Timothy E Wilens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Amy M Yule
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
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17
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Almeda N, Díaz-Milanés D, Guiterrez-Colosia MR, García-Alonso CR. A systematic review of the international evolution of online mental health strategies and recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:621. [PMID: 36127666 PMCID: PMC9486794 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health (MH). As a response to the pandemic, international agencies and governmental institutions provided an initial response to the population's needs. As the pandemic evolved, the population circumstances changed, and some of these international agencies updated their strategies, recommendations, and guidelines for the populations. However, there is currently a lack of information on the attention given to response strategies by the different countries throughout the beginning of the pandemic. OBJECTIVES 1) To evaluate the evolution of online MH strategies and recommendations of selected countries to cope with the MH impact of COVID-19 from the early stages of the pandemic (15 April 2020) to the vaccination period (9 June 2021) and 2) to review and analyse the current structures of these online MH strategies and recommendations. METHODOLOGY An adaptation of the PRISMA guidelines to review online documents was developed with a questionnaire for MH strategies and recommendations assessment. The search was conducted on Google, including documents from April 2020 to June 2021. Basic statistics and Student's t test were used to assess the evolution of the documents, while a two-step cluster analysis was performed to assess the organisation and characteristics of the most recent documents. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found both in the number of symptoms and mental disorders and MH strategies and recommendations included in the initial documents and the updated versions generated after vaccines became available. The most recent versions are more complete in all cases. Regarding the forty-six total documents included in the review, the cluster analysis showed a broad distribution from wide-spectrum documents to documents focusing on a specific topic. CONCLUSIONS Selected governments and related institutions have worked actively on updating their MH online documents, highlighting actions related to bereavement, telehealth and domestic violence. The study supports the use of the adaptation, including the tailor-made questionnaire, of the PRISMA protocol as a potential standard to conduct longitudinal assessments of online documents used to support MH strategies and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Almeda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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Benowitz NL, Goniewicz ML, Halpern-Felsher B, Krishnan-Sarin S, Ling PM, O'Connor RJ, Pentz MA, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A. Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:900-915. [PMID: 35985357 PMCID: PMC9381032 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression underscores the urgent need to identify individual-level susceptibility factors that affect infection vulnerability and disease severity. Tobacco product use is a potential susceptibility factor. In this Personal View, we provide an overview of the findings of peer-reviewed, published studies relating tobacco product use to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, with most studies focusing on cigarette smoking in adults. Findings pertaining to the effects of tobacco product use on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection are inconsistent. However, evidence supports a role for cigarette smoking in increasing the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes, including hospital admission, progression in disease severity, and COVID-19-related mortality. We discuss the potential effects of tobacco use behaviour on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, and highlight the pathophysiological changes associated with cigarette smoking that could promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased disease severity. We consider the biological mechanisms by which nicotine and other tobacco product constituents might affect immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest priorities for research to address acute and post-acute health outcomes of COVID-19 during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela M Ling
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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19
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Coronavirus disease pandemic and adolescent substance use. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:334-340. [PMID: 35836392 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Substance use is common in adolescence and has distinct developmental, cognitive, and health consequences. Over the last 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has isolated adolescents, disrupted typical developmental milestones, and caused pervasive stress and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help by recognizing and addressing these effects on adolescent mental health and substance use. This update reviews the immediate effects of the pandemic on adolescent substance use, potential future implications, and opportunities to use new strategies to improve care for adolescents with problematic use. RECENT FINDINGS Initial findings suggest that fewer teens started using substances during the pandemic. This was likely influenced by stay at home orders that reduced opportunities for social use. However, increased time at home was not beneficial for all adolescents. Furthermore, adolescents who used substances prepandemic, experienced material hardship, or reported higher pandemic-related stress tended to intensify substance use during this time. SUMMARY The adverse effects of pandemic isolation, anxiety, and developmental disruption will likely have consequences for adolescent substance use for many years to come. To comprehensively address adolescent health, healthcare providers can be sensitive to these realities and use existing screening and brief intervention strategies to address use. Innovative telehealth strategies that allow for the expansion of substance use treatment offer promising opportunities to improve care for adolescents with substance use disorder.
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Romm KF, Wang Y, Duan Z, Bennett B, Fuss C, Ma Y, Blank MD, Bray BC, Ahluwalia JS, Berg CJ. Psychosocial predictors of longitudinal changes in tobacco and cannabis use among young adults. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107264. [PMID: 35134629 PMCID: PMC9021279 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, cigarette use has decreased, but alternative tobacco product and cannabis use has increased in young adults. Thus, research regarding intraindividual changes in tobacco product and cannabis use in this population, and related psychosocial predictors, is warranted. METHODS We analyzed data from 3,006 young adults (Mage = 24.56 [SD = 4.72], 54.8% female, 31.6% sexual minority, 60.2% racial/ethnic minority) in a 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal study (2018-2020). Latent growth modeling analyzed the outcomes of past 6-month use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, traditional cigars, little cigars/cigarillos, smokeless tobacco (SLT), hookah, and cannabis across Waves 1-5 among all participants; psychosocial predictors included depressive symptoms, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and personality traits. RESULTS Results indicated decreases in likelihood of using each tobacco product over time, but no significant change in likelihood of cannabis use. Psychosocial predictors of baseline use across products included depressive symptoms and extraversion, as well as ACEs and openness for nearly all products (e.g., except traditional cigars). Psychosocial predictors of less decreases in use likelihood over time included: for cigarettes and traditional cigars, ACEs; for e-cigarettes, extraversion; for little cigars/cigarillos, depressive symptoms and extraversion; for SLT, openness; and for hookah, neuroticism (controlling for sociodemographics). Predictors of greater decreases in likelihood of use over time included: for e-cigarettes and hookah, conscientiousness; and for cannabis, agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce young adults' use might target distinct risk/protective factors for using different products (and combinations). Moreover, results regarding decreasing likelihood of using tobacco products but not cannabis over time warrant replication and explanation in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Breesa Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Helath, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Caroline Fuss
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany C Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, The Univeristy of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL 60607, USA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, and Brown University Cancer Center, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Increased nicotine vaping due to the COVID-19 pandemic among US young adults: Associations with nicotine dependence, vaping frequency, and reasons for use. Prev Med 2022; 159:107059. [PMID: 35460719 PMCID: PMC9020511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has not examined increased vaping because of the pandemic using a national sample of young adults (YAs), which is a critical gap because pandemic-related increases in vaping among YAs could have important implications for nicotine dependence, prolonged regular use, and using substances to cope with stress. We examined self-reported increased vaping attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic among YAs, and its associations with outcomes that have important implications for future nicotine use. Data came from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Vaping Supplement. Participants were selected from a nationally representative sample of US 12th-graders who were surveyed at age 19 in fall 2020 (N = 1244). Cross-sectional analyses of the 2020 survey included YAs who vaped nicotine in the past year (35%; N = 440). Weighted descriptive analyses and logistic regression models examined self-reported pandemic-related increased vaping (vs. decreased vaping, or no change), and its associations with current nicotine dependence, vaping behavior, and reasons for vaping. Among YAs who vaped nicotine in the past year, 16.8% reported increased and 44.4% reported decreased vaping due to the pandemic, while 38.9% reported no change. Increased vaping (vs. decreased and/or no change) was significantly associated with nicotine dependence symptoms, current regular nicotine vaping, and vaping to relax, get high, and because of boredom. Self-reported increased vaping because of the pandemic was associated with increased risk for current nicotine dependence and frequent use. Increased vaping may have been a form of coping with pandemic-related stressors, which increases risk for future substance use problems.
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22
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Layman HM, Thorisdottir IE, Halldorsdottir T, Sigfusdottir ID, Allegrante JP, Kristjansson AL. Substance Use Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:307-324. [PMID: 35476186 PMCID: PMC9043089 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature on the trends in substance use among youth during the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The pandemic has given rise to concerns about the mental health and social well-being of youth, including its potential to increase or exacerbate substance use behaviors. This systematic review identified and included 49 studies of use across alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, e-cigarettes/vaping, and other drugs, and unspecified substances. The majority of studies across all categories of youth substance use reported reductions in prevalence, except in the case of other drugs and unspecified drug and substance use, which included three studies that reported an increase in use and three studies that reported decrease in use. Overall, the results of this review suggest that the prevalence of youth substance use has largely declined during the pandemic. Youth substance use in the post-pandemic years will require monitoring and continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Layman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ingibjorg Eva Thorisdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Allegrante
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfgeir Logi Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Bennett B, Romm KF, Berg CJ. Changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use among US young adults from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic: News exposure and risk perceptions as potential predictors. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35601562 PMCID: PMC9074834 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/148245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 impacted cigarette and e-cigarette use behaviors among some individuals. This study examined COVID-19 factors and prior substance use as predictors of cigarette and e-cigarette cessation and initiation among US young adults from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data from Wave 3 (Sept-Dec 2019) and Wave 5 (Sept-Dec 2020) of a 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal study of young adults across six US metropolitan areas. We examined COVID-19 news exposure, perceived smoking and e-cigarette use risk, and prior substance use, as predictors of cigarette and e-cigarette cessation and initiation, respectively. RESULTS Of W3 cigarette users (n=516), 37.8% (n=195) quit cigarettes at W5; predictors of cessation included younger age, fewer days of W3 past-month cigarette use, and no W3 e-cigarette use. Of W3 e-cigarette users (n=687), 38.7% (n=266) quit e-cigarettes at W5; predictors included greater COVID-19 news exposure, fewer days of W3 past-month e-cigarette use, and no W3 cigarette use. Of W3 cigarette non-users (n=1693), 5.0% (n=85) initiated cigarettes at W5; predictors of initiation included younger age, lower perceived smoking risk, lifetime cigarette and e-cigarette use, and W3 e-cigarette use. Of W3 e-cigarette non-users (n=1522), 6.3% (n=96) initiated e-cigarettes at W5; predictors included younger age, less news exposure, lifetime cigarette and e-cigarette use, and W3 cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need to address cigarette and e-cigarette co-use and related risk perceptions in prevention and cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breesa Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Katelyn F. Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Carla J. Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, United States
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Ramsey ML, Patel A, Sobotka LA, Lim W, Kirkpatrick RB, Han S, Hart PA, Krishna SG, Lara LF, Lee PJ, Conwell DL, Papachristou GI. Hospital Trends of Acute Pancreatitis During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Pancreas 2022; 51:422-426. [PMID: 35835114 PMCID: PMC9394202 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to changes in individuals' behaviors and healthcare delivery. We examined the impact of these changes on the rates and clinical course of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Hospitalizations for AP from March 1 through August 31 in 2019 (baseline group) and the same period in 2020 (pandemic group) were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for demographics and outcomes. RESULTS Two hundred eighty subjects (315 admissions) were identified in 2019 and 237 subjects (264 admissions) in 2020. Subjects in the pandemic group were more likely to have systemic inflammatory response syndrome (40% vs 25%, P < 0.01), pancreatic necrosis (14% vs 10%, P = 0.03), and persistent organ failure (17% vs 9%, P = 0.01) compared with prepandemic. There was no difference in etiology of AP. A multivariable model indicates that increased comorbidities, prior pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, and prescription of opiates at discharge were associated with 30-day readmissions during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Fewer patients were admitted for AP during the pandemic, suggesting that patients with milder symptoms avoided hospital interaction. Practices followed during the pandemic, especially avoidance of hospitalization and improved efficiency of hospital management, may reduce the burden of pancreatitis care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L. Ramsey
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Arsheya Patel
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Lindsay A. Sobotka
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Woobeen Lim
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert B. Kirkpatrick
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Samuel Han
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Phil A. Hart
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Luis F. Lara
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Peter J. Lee
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Darwin L. Conwell
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Georgios I. Papachristou
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
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Leatherdale ST, Bélanger RE, Gansaonré RJ, Cole AG, Haddad S. Youth Vaping During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Adjusted Annual Changes in Vaping Between the Pre-COVID and Initial COVID-Lockdown Waves of the COMPASS Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 25:193-202. [PMID: 35366319 PMCID: PMC8992345 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for vaping onset. The purpose of this article was to examine the effect of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth vaping. METHODS We used 3-year linked data from the COMPASS study, including 7585 Canadian (Quebec, Ontario) adolescents from which 1949 completed all three survey waves (pre-COVID-19 [2018, 2019] and online [2020] during the early pandemic period [May-July 2020]) and provided vaping data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and difference-in-difference (DD) models were used to estimate pre-COVID-19 to initial COVID-19 pandemic period change (2019-2020) in vaping (monthly, weekly, daily) compared with 2018-2019 change to adjust for age-related effects. Models were adjusted for age of entry into the cohort and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS In the SEM and DD models, the proportion of youth who were monthly and weekly vaping increased from 2018 to 2019 but decreased from 2019 to 2020; daily vaping increased across all waves. However, for all vaping outcomes modeled, the expected increases from the pre-COVID-19 wave (2019) to the initial COVID-19 period wave (2020) were lesser relative to the changes seen across the 2018 to 2019 waves. CONCLUSION The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period appear to be associated with a reduction in the proportion of youth who were monthly and weekly vapers in our adjusted longitudinal models. While daily vaping increased over this same period of time, the magnitude of the increase in our adjusted longitudinal models appears attenuated by the early stages of the pandemic. IMPLICATIONS This large prospective study of youth that included pre-pandemic data is unique in that we were able to identify that the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with a reduction in the proportion of youth who were monthly and weekly vapers in our adjusted longitudinal models. Conversely, the proportion of youth who were daily vaping increased over this same period of time, but the magnitude of the increase appears smaller than expected during the early stages of the pandemic in our adjusted longitudinal models. This study provides novel robust evidence that the patterns of vaping most aligned with onset and progression (i.e., monthly and weekly use) appear attenuated during the initial pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Leatherdale
- Corresponding Author: Scott T. Leatherdale, PhD, School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1. Telephone: +1 519 888 4567 ext 47812; E-mail:
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- VITAM—Centre de recherche en santé durable, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rabi Joël Gansaonré
- VITAM—Centre de recherche en santé durable, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Adam G Cole
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Slim Haddad
- VITAM—Centre de recherche en santé durable, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Patrick ME, Parks MJ, Fairlie AM, Kreski NT, Keyes KM, Miech R. Using Substances to Cope With the COVID-19 Pandemic: U.S. National Data at Age 19 Years. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:340-344. [PMID: 34916126 PMCID: PMC8666842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine predictors of using substances to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, including pandemic-related isolation, stress, economic hardship, demographics, and prepandemic substance use. METHODS A U.S. national sample (N = 1,244) was followed from the 12th grade in Spring 2019 to Fall 2020 (M = 19.6 years) when young adults were asked about their use of marijuana, vaping, drinking, and other drugs to cope. RESULTS In Fall 2020, 15.7% reported using marijuana, 8.9% increased vaping, and 8.2% increased drinking to cope with social distancing and isolation. In multivariable analyses controlling for demographics and prepandemic substance use, COVID-related isolation was associated with marijuana use (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.63) and economic hardship with increased drinking (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.92). There were few demographic differences. Most (>80%) who reported COVID-related substance use coping used that substance before pandemic. DISCUSSION Young people reported using substances to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, especially if they reported prepandemic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Address correspondence to: Megan E. Patrick, Ph.D., Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
| | - Michael J. Parks
- Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anne M. Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noah T. Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Richard Miech
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:702. [PMID: 35027590 PMCID: PMC8758672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies investigated changes in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use during pandemic restrictions. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 6,003 Italian adults during the strictest phase of the Covid-19 lockdown (April–May 2020). Participants were asked to report changes in e-cigarette and HTP use compared to before the pandemic. E-cigarette users increased from 8.1% to 9.1% and HTP users from 4.0% to 4.5%. Among e-cigarette non-users before lockdown, 1.8% started using e-cigarettes during lockdown. New users were more frequently younger (p for trend 0.001), men (odds ratio, OR 1.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03–2.34), cannabis users (OR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.33–4.13), gamblers (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 2.18–5.11) and individuals with anxiety symptoms (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.00–2.52). 1.0% of HTP non-users started using it during lockdown. New users were less frequently current than never cigarette smokers (OR 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.61) and more frequently gamblers (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22–4.07). E-cigarettes and HTPs played little role as smoking cessation tools for hardcore smokers but rather provided opportunities for young never smokers to engage in socially acceptable activities, perhaps reflecting the obstacles they faced in obtaining other addictive substances during confinement.
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Almeda N, Gómez-Gómez I. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smoking Consumption: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941575. [PMID: 35903638 PMCID: PMC9320170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global health crisis that has negatively impacted the mental health and wellbeing of the population. A large amount of scientific literature has emerged since 2019, but none of these studies have focused on assessing the impact of COVID-19 on smoking consumption. We aimed to analyse the changes in smoking consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic through longitudinal studies. This systematic review follows the PRISMA Statement. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021282235). MEDLINE, ERIC, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 24 October 2021. We completed an extensive assessment of all prospective cohort studies that aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco consumption habits. According to the PICOS's acronym, we included all population (P) types and studies developed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (I) with a change in nicotine consumption as the outcome (O), as well as prospective cohort studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The results showed that 14 cohorts reported in 11 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 58,052 participants were included in the review. Most of the studies pointed out a reduction in the number of cigarettes and e-cigarettes consumed from baseline (before the pandemic) to follow-up (during the pandemic). Only two studies reported an increase in cigarette or e-cigarette consumption from baseline to follow-up. The majority of studies presented a low risk of bias. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior is complex and uncertain. The decrease in smoking consumption during the pandemic could be related to the fear of becoming infected by COVID-19, the advancement of COVID-19, and the reduction in social gatherings. In several cases, the increases in nicotine consumption can be explained by psychological distress. These findings can be used to create strategies to prevent relapses during the post-vaccination phases of the pandemic. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021282235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Almeda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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