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Hong H, Deng A, Tang Y, Liu Z. How to identify biofouling species in marine and freshwater. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:130-152. [PMID: 38450626 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2324008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The identification and management of biofouling remain pressing challenges in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with significant implications for environmental sustainability and industrial operations. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state-of-the-art in biofouling identification technologies, examining eight prominent methodologies: Microscopy Examination, Molecular Biology, Remote Sensing, Community Involvement, Ecological Methods, Artificial Intelligence, Chemical Analysis, and Macro Photography. Each method is evaluated for its respective advantages and disadvantages, considering factors such as precision, scalability, cost, and data quality. Furthermore, the review identifies current obstacles that inhibit the optimal utilization of these technologies, ranging from technical limitations and high operational costs to issues of data inconsistency and subjectivity. Finally, the review posits a future outlook, advocating for the development of integrated, standardized systems that amalgamate the strengths of individual approaches. Such advancement will pave the way for more effective and sustainable strategies for biofouling identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heting Hong
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijuan Deng
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan, China
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2
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Daille LK, Spear JR, Beech I, Vargas IT, De la Iglesia R. Seasonal variation in the biological succession of marine diatoms over 316L stainless steel in a coastal environment of Chile. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:1-13. [PMID: 38213232 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing seasonal changes in diatom community profiles in coastal environments is scarce worldwide. Despite diatoms being prevalent in microfouling, their role in microbially influenced corrosion of metallic materials remains poorly understood. This study reports the effect of seasonal variations on the settlement of marine diatoms and corrosion of 316 L stainless steel surfaces exposed to Chilean coastal seawater. Electron microscopy imaging revealed a diverse assembly of diatoms, exhibiting pronounced differences at genus level between summer and winter seasons, with a significant delay in diatom settlement during winter. Electrochemical measurements indicated an active role of diatoms in increasing corrosion current during biofilm development. While the final diatom composition was similar irrespective of the season, the analyses of diatom assemblages over time differed, showing faster colonization when silicate and nitrate were available. This study lays the foundation for future research on the dominant season-specific genera of diatoms to unveil the microbial interactions that could contribute to corrosion and to evaluate their potential as bioindicators for alternative surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Daille
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, RM, Chile
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - John R Spear
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, CO School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Iwona Beech
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, MT State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago, RM, Chile
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3
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Dobretsov S, Rittschof D. "Omics" Techniques Used in Marine Biofouling Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10518. [PMID: 37445696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofouling is the growth of organisms on wet surfaces. Biofouling includes micro- (bacteria and unicellular algae) and macrofouling (mussels, barnacles, tube worms, bryozoans, etc.) and is a major problem for industries. However, the settlement and growth of some biofouling species, like oysters and corals, can be desirable. Thus, it is important to understand the process of biofouling in detail. Modern "omic" techniques, such as metabolomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide unique opportunities to study biofouling organisms and communities and investigate their metabolites and environmental interactions. In this review, we analyze the recent publications that employ metagenomic, metabolomic, and proteomic techniques for the investigation of biofouling and biofouling organisms. Specific emphasis is given to metagenomics, proteomics and publications using combinations of different "omics" techniques. Finally, this review presents the future outlook for the use of "omics" techniques in marine biofouling studies. Like all trans-disciplinary research, environmental "omics" is in its infancy and will advance rapidly as researchers develop the necessary expertise, theory, and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123, Muscat P.O. Box 34, Oman
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
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4
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Huang N, Yan X. Preparation of Aloe-Emodin Microcapsules and Its Effect on Antibacterial and Optical Properties of Water-Based Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071728. [PMID: 37050342 PMCID: PMC10096789 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, the function of waterborne coatings has been advanced to a higher standard, which requires researchers to innovate and expand the research on them. Aloe-emodin is a natural material with antibacterial properties. Applying its antibacterial effect to the coating can enrich its function and meet the diversified needs of consumers. In this study, the urea-formaldehyde resin was used as the wall material and the aloe-emodin as the core material to prepare the microcapsules. The coating rate, yield, and morphology of the microcapsules were characterized. Through an orthogonal experiment and a single factor experiment, the optimization scheme of microcapsule preparation was explored. The results indicated that the optimum preparation process of aloe-emodin microcapsules was as follows: the mass ratio of core material to wall material was 1:15, the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde was 1:1.2, the temperature of microencapsulation was 50 °C, and the stirring speed of microencapsulation was 600 rpm. On this basis, the aloe-emodin microcapsules with 0%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, and 12.0% contents were added to the waterborne coating to prepare the paint films, and their influence on the antibacterial and optical properties of the waterborne paint films was explored. The results demonstrated that the aloe-emodin microcapsules had antibacterial activity. When the content was 6.0%, the comprehensive performance of the film was better. The antibacterial rate of the film against Escherichia coli was 68.1%, and against Staphylococcus aureus it was 60.7%. The color difference of the film was 59.93, and the glossiness at 60° was 7.8%. In this study, the microcapsules that can improve the antibacterial performance of water-based coatings were prepared, which can expand the application of water-based coatings and provide a reference for the study of the functionalization of water-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Védie E, Barry-Martinet R, Senez V, Berglin M, Stenlund P, Brisset H, Bressy C, Briand JF. Influence of Sharklet-Inspired Micropatterned Polymers on Spatio-Temporal Variations of Marine Biofouling. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200304. [PMID: 36153836 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to show the influence of surface characteristics (microtopography, chemistry, mechanical properties) and seawater parameters on the settlement of marine micro- and macroorganisms. Polymers with nine microtopographies, three distinct mechanical properties, and wetting characteristics are immersed for one month into two contrasting coastal sites (Toulon and Kristineberg Center) and seasons (Winter and Summer). Influence of microtopography and chemistry on wetting is assessed through static contact angle and captive air bubble measurements over 3-weeks immersion in artificial seawater. Microscopic analysis, quantitative flow cytometry, metabarcoding based on the ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene amplification, and sequencing are performed to characterize the settled microorganisms. Quantification of macrofoulers is done by evaluating the surface coverage and the type of organism. It is found that for long static in situ immersion, mechanical properties and non-evolutive wettability have no major influence on both abundance and diversity of biofouling assemblages, regardless of the type of organisms. The apparent contradiction with previous results, based on model organisms, may be due to the huge diversity of marine environments, both in terms of taxa and their size. Evolutive wetting properties with wetting switching back and forth over time have shown to strongly reduce the colonization by macrofoulers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Védie
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, E.U. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 Cedex 9, France
| | - Raphaëlle Barry-Martinet
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, E.U. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Mattias Berglin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Arvid Wallgrens backe 20, Göteborg, SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Patrik Stenlund
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Arvid Wallgrens backe 20, Göteborg, SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Hugues Brisset
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, E.U. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 Cedex 9, France
| | - Christine Bressy
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, E.U. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Briand
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, E.U. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, Toulon, 83041 Cedex 9, France
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6
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The Presence of Marine Filamentous Fungi on a Copper-Based Antifouling Paint. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is undesirable growth on submerged substances, which causes a major problem for maritime industries. Antifouling paints containing toxic compounds such as copper are used to prevent marine biofouling. However, bacteria and diatoms are usually found in biofilms developed on such paints. In this study, plastic panels painted with a copper-based self-polishing antifouling paint were exposed to biofouling for 6 months in the Marina Bandar Rowdha, Sea of Oman. Clean panels were used as a control substratum. Marine filamentous fungi from protected and unprotected substrate were isolated on a potato dextrose agar. Pure isolates were identified using sequences of the ITS region of rDNA. Six fungal isolates (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. tubingensis, Cladosporium halotolerans, and C. omanense) were obtained from the antifouling paint. Four isolates (Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, C. omanense, and Parengyodontium album) were isolated from clean panels and nylon ropes. This is the first evidence of the presence of marine fungi on antifouling paints. In comparison with isolates from the unprotected substrate, fungi from the antifouling paint were highly resistant to copper, which suggests that filamentous fungi can grow on marine antifouling paints.
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7
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Papadatou M, Robson SC, Dobretsov S, Watts JEM, Longyear J, Salta M. Marine biofilms on different fouling control coating types reveal differences in microbial community composition and abundance. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1231. [PMID: 34459542 PMCID: PMC8383905 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biofouling imposes serious environmental and economic impacts on marine applications, especially in the shipping industry. To combat biofouling, protective coatings are applied on vessel hulls which are divided into two major groups: biocidal and non-toxic fouling release. The current study aimed to explore the effect of coating type on microbial biofilm community profiles to better understand the differences between the communities developed on fouling control biocidal antifouling and biocidal-free coatings. Biocidal (Intersmooth® 7460HS SPC), fouling release (Intersleek® 900), and inert surfaces were deployed in the marine environment for 4 months, and the biofilms that developed on these surfaces were investigated using Illumina NGS sequencing, targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. The results confirmed differences in the community profiles between coating types. The biocidal coating supported communities dominated by Alphaproteobacteria (Loktanella, Sphingorhabdus, Erythrobacter) and Bacteroidetes (Gilvibacter), while other taxa, such as Portibacter and Sva0996 marine group, proliferated on the fouling-release surface. Knowledge of these marine biofilm components on fouling control coatings will serve as a guide for future investigations of marine microfouling as well as informing the coatings industry of potential microbial targets for robust coating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadatou
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Samuel C. Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
- Centre for Enzyme InnovationUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and FisheriesCollege of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
- Centre of Excellence in Marine BiotechnologySultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - Joy E. M. Watts
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
- Centre for Enzyme InnovationUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | | | - Maria Salta
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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8
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Halder P, Hossain N, Pramanik BK, Bhuiyan MA. Engineered topographies and hydrodynamics in relation to biofouling control-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40678-40692. [PMID: 32974820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, the unwanted growth of microorganisms on submerged surfaces, has appeared as a significant impediment for underwater structures, water vessels, and medical devices. For fixing the biofouling issue, modification of the submerged surface is being experimented as a non-toxic approach worldwide. This technique necessitated altering the surface topography and roughness and developing a surface with a nano- to micro-structured pattern. The main objective of this study is to review the recent advancements in surface modification and hydrodynamic analysis concerning biofouling control. This study described the occurrence of the biofouling process, techniques suitable for biofouling control, and current state of research advancements comprehensively. Different biofilms under various hydrodynamic conditions have also been outlined in this study. Scenarios of biomimetic surfaces and underwater super-hydrophobicity, locomotion of microorganisms, nano- and micro-hydrodynamics on various surfaces around microorganisms, and material stiffness were explained thoroughly. The review also documented the approaches to inhibit the initial settlement of microorganisms and prolong the subsequent biofilm formation process for patterned surfaces. Though it is well documented that biofouling can be controlled to various degrees with different nano- and micro-structured patterned surfaces, the understanding of the underlying mechanism is still imprecise. Therefore, this review strived to present the possibilities of implementing the patterned surfaces as a physical deterrent against the settlement of fouling organisms and developing an active microfluidic environment to inhibit the initial bacterial settlement process. In general, microtopography equivalent to that of bacterial cells influences attachment via hydrodynamics, topography-induced cell placement, and air-entrapment, whereas nanotopography influences physicochemical forces through macromolecular conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Halder
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Nazia Hossain
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Muhammed A Bhuiyan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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Dennington SPJ, Jackson A, Finnie AA, Wharton JA, Longyear JE, Stoodley P. A rapid benchtop method to assess biofilm on marine fouling control coatings. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:452-464. [PMID: 34148448 PMCID: PMC8312500 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1929937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid benchtop method to measure the torque associated with minidiscs rotating in water using a sensitive analytical rheometer has been used to monitor the drag caused by marine fouling on coated discs. The method was calibrated using sandpaper surfaces of known roughness. Minidiscs coated with commercial fouling control coatings, plus an inactive control, were exposed in an estuarine harbour. After 176 days the drag on the fouling control-coated discs, expressed as a moment coefficient, was between 73% and 90% less than the drag on the control coating. The method has potential use as a screen for novel antifouling and drag reducing coatings and surfaces. Roughness functions derived using Granville's indirect similarity law are similar to patterns found in the general hydrodynamics literature, and so rotational minidisc results can be considered with reference to other fouling drag datasets.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2021.1929937 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. J. Dennington
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alexandra Jackson
- Marine, Protective and Yacht Coatings, International Paint Ltd., AkzoNobel, Felling, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear, UK
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alistair A. Finnie
- Marine, Protective and Yacht Coatings, International Paint Ltd., AkzoNobel, Felling, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear, UK
| | - Julian A. Wharton
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jennifer E. Longyear
- Marine, Protective and Yacht Coatings, International Paint Ltd., AkzoNobel, Felling, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear, UK
| | - Paul Stoodley
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Orthopedics Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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10
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Agostini VO, Muxagata E, Pinho GLL, Pessi IS, Macedo AJ. Bacteria-invertebrate interactions as an asset in developing new antifouling coatings for man-made aquatic surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116284. [PMID: 33360655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Economic losses can result from biofouling establishment on man-made structures. Macrofouling causes damage to artificial substrates, which justifies the need for its control. However, the antifouling coatings employed nowadays are typically not safe for the environment. Microfouling can affect macrofouling colonization, and thus represents a potential target for alternative antifouling control. From both ecological and economical points of view, information on the ecology and interactions between micro- and macrofouling are crucial to develop successful and safe control strategies, which will prevent biofouling development on man-made structures while preserving water quality and the safety of non-target organisms. This study presents a metabarcoding analysis of biofilm-associated marine bacteria (16S-rRNA-gene) and fungi (ITS-region), with the aim to understand invertebrate settlement over time on hard substrates exposed to natural condition (Control) and two treatments (Antimicrobials and Antifouling Painted). Biofouling composition changed with exposure time (up to 12 days) and showed differences among Control and Antimicrobials and Painted treatments. Antimicrobial treatment influenced more the biofouling composition than traditional antifouling paint (Cu2O-based). Both treatments caused microbial resistance. Macrofouling establishment was strongly influenced by Gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria (mostly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Nevertheless, each macrofouling taxon settled in response to a specific biofilm bacterial composition, although other factors can also affect the biofouling community as the condition of the substrate. We suggest that proper friendly antifouling technologies should be focused on inhibiting bacterial biofilm adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ochi Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-Doctoral fellow - Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES), Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Brazil.
| | - Erik Muxagata
- Laboratório de Zooplâncton - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, Km 8, Caixa Postal, 474, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Igor Stelmach Pessi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade Microbiana - Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Bairro Azenha, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Piola R, Leary M, Santander R, Shimeta J. Antifouling performance of copper-containing fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printing polymer filaments for marine applications. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:206-221. [PMID: 33691551 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1892085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3-D printing allows for rapid prototyping and manufacture of components in a cost effective and timely manner, becoming a popular technology for oceanographic and maritime engineering applications. However, 3-D printed components are at risk of accumulating marine biofouling. This study examined the antifouling (AF) performance of three Cu-containing 3-D printing polymer filaments for potential marine use. The amount of Cu present in each filament was the primary determinant of AF performance. The lowest Cu-content (30%) filament recording 29% biofouling cover after 1 month and near 100% cover after 3 months. These AF results were comparable to polylactide acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer filament controls. The medium (50%) Cu-content filament remained largely free of biofouling until 3 months (where 48% coverage was observed), after which fouling cover increased to 100% by ∼12 months. The highest Cu-content (80%) filament remained free of all macrofouling for the entire 24 months of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piola
- Maritime Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M Leary
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - R Santander
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - J Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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12
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Catao ECP, Gallois N, Fay F, Misson B, Briand JF. Metal resistance genes enrichment in marine biofilm communities selected by biocide-containing surfaces in temperate and tropical coastal environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115835. [PMID: 33099201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms able to form biofilms in marine ecosystems are selected depending on immersed surfaces and environmental conditions. Cell attachment directly on toxic surfaces like antifouling coatings suggests a selection of tolerant (or resistant) organisms with characteristics conferring adaptive advantages. We investigated if environment would drive metal resistance gene abundance in biofilms on artificial surfaces. Biofilms were sampled from three surfaces (a PVC reference and two antifouling coatings) deployed in three coastal waters with dissimilar characteristics: The Mediterranean Sea (Toulon) and Atlantic (Lorient) and Indian (Reunion) Oceans. The two coatings differed in metals composition, either Cu thiocyanate and Zn pyrithione (A3) or Cu2O (Hy). Metal resistance genes (MRG) specific to copper (cusA, copA, cueO) or other metals (czcA and pbrT) were monitored with qPCR in parallel to the microbial community using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. A lower α-diversity on A3 or Hy than on PVC was observed independent on the site. Weighted Unifrac suggested segregation of communities primarily by surface, with lower site effect. Metacoder log2 fold change ratio and LeFSe discrimination suggested Marinobacter to be specific of Hy and Altererythrobacter, Erythrobacter and Sphingorhabdus of A3. Likewise, the relative abundance of MRG (MRG/bacterial 16S rRNA) varied between surfaces and sites. A3 presented the greatest relative abundances for cusA, cueO and czcA. The latter could only be amplified from A3 communities, except at Toulon. Hy surface presented the highest relative abundance for copA, specifically at Lorient. These relative abundances were correlated with LeFSe discriminant taxa. Dasania correlated positively with all MRG except cueO. Marinobacter found in greater abundance in Hy biofilm communities correlated with the highest abundances of copA and Roseovarius with czcA. These results prove the selection of specific communities with abilities to tolerate metallic biocides forming biofilms over antifouling surfaces, and the secondary but significant influence of local environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa C P Catao
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323, Université de Toulon, 83041, Toulon, France
| | - Nicolas Gallois
- Univ Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
| | - Fabienne Fay
- Institut Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, Lorient, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- Univ Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France
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13
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Floating Wetland Islands Implementation and Biodiversity Assessment in a Port Marina. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Floating wetland islands (FWI) are considered nature-based solutions with great potential to promote several ecosystem services, such as biodiversity and water quality enhancement through phytoremediation processes. To our knowledge, the present work is the first to scientifically document the in-situ establishment of an FWI in a seawater port marina. The establishment and performance of a cork floating platform with a polyculture (Sarcocornia perennis, Juncus maritimus, Phragmites australis, Halimione portulacoides, Spartina maritima, Limonium vulgare) was evaluated. The diversity of organisms present in the FWI was undertaken based on the macrofauna assessment, taking into consideration marine water characterization, with a focus on hydrocarbons. Microbial communities were assessed based on metabarcoding approach to study 16S rRNA gene from environmental DNA retrieved from biofilm (from the planting media), marine biofouling (from the submerged platform) and surface marina water. S. perennis was the species with the highest survival rate and growth. The structure of the microbial community showed clear differences between those established in the FWI and those in the surrounding water, showing the presence of some bacterial groups that can be relevant for bioremediation processes (e.g., Saprospiraceae family). Concerning the macrofauna analysis, Mytilus sp. was the predominant taxa. To be of relevance, total petroleum hydrocarbons were detected at the marina up to ca. 6 mg/L. This study gives new insights into broadening FWI application to the saline environments of port marinas and to supporting a management strategy to promote several ecosystem services such biodiversity, species habitat, water quality enhancement and added aesthetic value to the marina landscape.
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14
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Al-Belushi MA, Myint MTZ, Kyaw HH, Al-Naamani L, Al-Mamari R, Al-Abri M, Dobretsov S. ZnO nanorod-chitosan composite coatings with enhanced antifouling properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1743-1751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Liu C, Yan B, Duan J, Hou B. Biofilm inhibition effect of an ivermectin/silyl acrylate copolymer coating and the colonization dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139599. [PMID: 32479963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is now being used as a substitute for toxic organic biocide in marine antifouling coatings due to its environmentally friendly nature and the efficacy against parasites. However, the release performance of ivermectin from the hydrolyzed acrylic-based resin into the seawater is not clear. Moreover, the efficiency and mechanism of ivermectin in preventing biofilm or slime formation have not been fully investigated. In this study, a coating was developed by mixing ivermectin with an acrylic-based resin, silyl acrylate copolymer, and a 45-day in situ antifouling test was conducted in the Yellow Sea. Direct observation and confocal microscope investigation indicated that the polymer coating with ivermectin was effective against biofilm formation. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that ivermectin can selectively inhibit the adhesion of microorganisms. Abundances of Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria decreased significantly with the increased concentration of ivermectin. As for the eukaryote community, species of Stolidobranchia and unidentified_Bacillariophyceae were proved to be sensitive to ivermectin. Therefore, the ivermectin/silyl acrylate copolymer coating is a promising substitute for marine antifouling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Baorong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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16
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Antunes JT, Sousa AGG, Azevedo J, Rego A, Leão PN, Vasconcelos V. Distinct Temporal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Early Marine Biofilms in a Portuguese Atlantic Port. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1938. [PMID: 32849482 PMCID: PMC7432428 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biofilms are known to influence the corrosion of metal surfaces in the marine environment. Despite some recent research, the succession of bacterial communities colonizing artificial surfaces remains uncharacterized in some temporal settings. More specifically, it is not fully known if bacterial colonizers of artificial surfaces are similar or distinct in the different seasons of the year. In particular the study of early biofilms, in which the bacterial cells communities first adhere to artificial surfaces, are crucial for the development of the subsequent biofilm communities. In this work, we used amplicon-based NGS (next-generation sequencing) and universal 16S rRNA bacterial primers to characterize the early biofilm bacterial communities growing on 316 L stainless steel surfaces in a Northern Portugal port. Sampling spanned 30-day periods in two distinct seasons (spring and winter). Biofilm communities growing in steel surfaces covered with an anti-corrosion paint and planktonic communities from the same location were also characterized. Our results demonstrated that distinct temporal patterns were observed in the sampled seasons. Specifically, a significantly higher abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Mollicutes was found on the first days of biofilm growth in spring (day 1 to day 4) and a higher abundance of Alphaproteobacteria during the same days of biofilm growth in winter. In the last sampled day (day 30), the spring biofilms significantly shifted toward a dominance of photoautotrophic groups (mostly diatoms) and were also colonized by some macrofouling communities, something not observed during the winter sampling. Our results revealed that bacterial composition in the biofilms was particularly affected by the sampled day of the specific season, more so than the overall effect of the season or overall sampling day of both seasons. Additionally, the application of a non-fouling-release anti-corrosion paint in the steel plates resulted in a significantly lower diversity compared with plates without paint, but this was only observed during spring. We suggest that temporal succession of marine biofilm communities should be taken in consideration for future antifouling/anti-biofilm applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge T. Antunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António G. G. Sousa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adriana Rego
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Azevedo J, Antunes JT, Machado AM, Vasconcelos V, Leão PN, Froufe E. Monitoring of biofouling communities in a Portuguese port using a combined morphological and metabarcoding approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13461. [PMID: 32778680 PMCID: PMC7417558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofouling remains an unsolved problem with a serious economic impact on several marine associated industries and constitutes a major vector for the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS). The implementation of biofouling monitoring programs allows for better fouling management and also for the early identification of NIS. However, few monitoring studies have used recent methods, such as metabarcoding, that can significantly enhance the detection of those species. Here, we employed monthly monitoring of biofouling growth on stainless steel plates in the Atlantic Port of Leixões (Northern Portugal), over one year to test the effect of commercial anti-corrosion paint in the communities. Fouling organisms were identified by combining morpho-taxonomy identification with community DNA metabarcoding using multiple markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and COI genes). The dominant colonizers found at this location were hard foulers, namely barnacles and mussels, while other groups of organisms such as cnidarians, bryozoans, and ascidians were also abundant. Regarding the temporal dynamics of the fouling communities, there was a progressive increase in the colonization of cyanobacteria, green algae, and red algae during the sampled period with the replacement of less abundant groups. The tested anticorrosion paint demonstrated to have a significant prevention effect against the biofouling community resulting in a biomass reduction. Our study also reports, for the first time, 29 NIS in this port, substantiating the need for the implementation of recurring biofouling monitoring programs in ports and harbours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azevedo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge T Antunes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André M Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Froufe
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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18
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Dobretsov S, Rittschof D. Love at First Taste: Induction of Larval Settlement by Marine Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030731. [PMID: 31979128 PMCID: PMC7036896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofilms are composed of many species of bacteria, unicellular algae, and protozoa. Biofilms can induce, inhibit, or have no effect on settlement of larvae and spores of algae. In this review, we focus on induction of larval settlement by marine bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and review publications from 2010 to September 2019. This review provides insights from meta-analysis on what is known about the effect of marine biofilms on larval settlement. Of great interest is the impact of different components of marine biofilms, such as bacteria and diatoms, extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing signals, unique inductive compounds, exoenzymes, and structural protein degradation products on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Molecular aspects of larval settlement and impact of climate change are reviewed and, finally, potential areas of future investigations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123 P.O. Box 50, Muscat 123, Oman
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud 123 P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Marine Science and Conservation, Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;
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19
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Agostini VO, Macedo AJ, Muxagata E, Pinho GLL. Surface coatings select their micro and macrofouling communities differently on steel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113086. [PMID: 31479812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the effect of surface coatings on biofouling; however, they did not take into account the interaction of the micro and macrofouling communities, the effect of substrate orientation and the zooplankton-zoobenthic coupling together. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zn- and Cu2O-based coatings on micro and macrofouling on steel surfaces, while also observing the role of substrate orientation and zooplankton supply. An experiment was carried out in the Patos Lagoon Estuary in southern Brazil for three months between spring and summer, where ASTM-36 steel plates represented different coatings (Zn- and/or Cu2O-based) and orientations (vertical and horizontal). To assess the zooplankton supply, sampling was carried out weekly using a 200 μm plankton net. Zn-based coating positively affected microfouling density compared to uncoated surfaces. The same pattern was observed with macrofouling, associated with vagile fauna preference, which represented 70% of the settled macrofoulers. Cu2O-based antifouling painted surfaces showed the highest microfouling density inhibition, while Zn + Cu2O-based coating did not affect the bacteria adhesion but showed lower density compared to Zn-based coating alone. The coatings combination showed the highest invertebrate inhibition. In this way, the macrofouling community was more sensitive than microfouling was to the antifouling coatings tested. The substrate orientation only affected macrofouling, horizontal surfaces being more attractive than vertical. Meroplankton, tychoplankton and holoplankton were recorded on the surfaces, although their representation in plankton was not proportional to the recruits recorded on the substrates. This was probably due to fast dispersion, the interactions of other factors and/or ecological succession stage. Surface coating, substrate orientation, and zooplankton supply interacted with the biofouling process on steel in different ways depending on the organism evaluated. Therefore, copper oxide- and zinc-based coatings were not suitable as coatings to avoid the total biofouling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ochi Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-Doctoral Fellow - Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES), Brazil.
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade Microbiana - Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Bairro Azenha, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Erik Muxagata
- Laboratório de Zooplâncton - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (PPGOB), Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Caixa Postal, 474, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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20
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Padmavathi AR, Sriyutha Murthy P, Das A, Nishad PA, Pandian R, Rao TS. Copper oxide nanoparticles as an effective anti-biofilm agent against a copper tolerant marine bacterium, Staphylococcus lentus. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:1007-1025. [PMID: 31718302 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1687689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on antifouling coatings is a serious concern in seawater cooling systems and the maritime industry. A prolific biofilm forming strain (Staphylococcus lentus), possessing high tolerance (>1,000 µg ml-1) to dissolved copper ions (Cu++) was isolated from titanium coupons exposed in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India. S. lentus formed increased biofilm (p < 0.05) at 100 µg ml-1 of Cu++ ions, when compared with the untreated control. To combat biofilm formation of this strain, the efficacy of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from copper nitrate by varying the concentrations of hexamine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), was investigated. Complete (100%) inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with plain CuO NP (0.5 M hexamine, uncapped) at 1,000 µg ml-1. Capping with CTAB, influenced the morphology and the purity of the synthesized CuO NPs but did not alter their surface charge. Capping reduced metal ion release from CuO NPs and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm property against S. lentus. Overall, uncapped CuO NPs were effective in controlling biofilm formation of S. lentus. Concurrent release of copper ions and contact mediated physical damage by CuO NPs offer a promising approach to tackle metal tolerant biofilm bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwar Ramanujam Padmavathi
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sriyutha Murthy
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arindam Das
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Chemical Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Padala Abdul Nishad
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathasamy Pandian
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Toleti Subba Rao
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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21
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Catão ECP, Pollet T, Misson B, Garnier C, Ghiglione JF, Barry-Martinet R, Maintenay M, Bressy C, Briand JF. Shear Stress as a Major Driver of Marine Biofilm Communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 31608016 PMCID: PMC6774042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While marine biofilms depend on environmental conditions and substrate, little is known about the influence of hydrodynamic forces. We tested different immersion modes (dynamic, cyclic and static) in Toulon Bay (north-western Mediterranean Sea; NWMS). The static mode was also compared between Toulon and Banyuls Bays. In addition, different artificial surfaces designed to hamper cell attachment (self-polishing coating: SPC; and fouling-release coating: FRC) were compared to inert plastic. Prokaryotic community composition was affected by immersion mode, surface characteristics and site. Rhodobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae dominated the biofilm community structure, with distinct genera according to surface type or immersion mode. Cell density increased with time, greatly limited by hydrodynamic forces, and supposed to delay biofilm maturation. After 1 year, a significant impact of shear stress on the taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic community developed on each surface type was observed. When surfaces contained no biocides, roughness and wettability shaped prokaryotic community structure, which was not enhanced by shear stress. Conversely, the biocidal effect of SPC surfaces, already major in static immersion mode, was amplified by the 15 knots speed. The biofilm community on SPC was 60% dissimilar to the biofilm on the other surfaces and was distinctly colonized by Sphingomonadaceae ((Alter)Erythrobacter). At Banyuls, prokaryotic community structures were more similar between the four surfaces tested than at Toulon, due possibly to a masking effect of environmental constraints, especially hydrodynamic, which was greater than in Toulon. Finally, predicted functions such as cell adhesion confirmed some of the hypotheses drawn regarding biofilm formation over the artificial surfaces tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Pollet
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, ENVA, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, University of Toulon – Aix-Marseille University, La Garde, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, University of Toulon – Aix-Marseille University, La Garde, France
| | - Jean-Francois Ghiglione
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Marine Maintenay
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Christine Bressy
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
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22
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Liang X, Peng LH, Zhang S, Zhou S, Yoshida A, Osatomi K, Bellou N, Guo XP, Dobretsov S, Yang JL. Polyurethane, epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane altered biofilm formation and mussel settlement. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:599-608. [PMID: 30502698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In many environments, biofilms are a major mode and an emergent form of microbial life. Biofilms play crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling and invertebrate recruitment in marine environments. However, relatively little is known about how marine biofilms form on different substrata and about how these biofilms impact invertebrate recruitment. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of a 28-day-old biofilm community on non-coated (a control glass) and coated substrata (polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (EP) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) and examined the settlement of Mytilus coruscus plantigrades on these biofilms. PU, EP and PDMS deterred the development of marine biofilms by reducing the biofilm biomass including the biofilm dry weight, cell density of the bacteria and diatoms and chlorophyll a concentrations. Further analysis of bacterial community revealed that EP altered the bacterial community composition compared with that on the glass substrata by reducing the relative abundance of Ruegeria (Alphaproteobacteria) and by increasing the relative abundance of Methylotenera (Betaproteobacteria) and Cyanobacteria in the biofilms. However, bacterial communities developed on PU and PDMS, as well as glass and PU, EP and PDMS did not exhibit differences from each other. The M. coruscus settlement rates on biofilms on PU, EP and PDMS were reduced by 20-41% compared with those on the glass after 28 days. Thus, the tested coatings impacted the development of marine biofilms by altering the biofilm biomass and/or the bacterial community composition. The mussel settlements decreased in the biofilms that formed on the coatings compared with those on non-coated glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asami Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Osatomi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nikoleta Bellou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Athens, Greece
| | - Xing-Pan Guo
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Dobretsov S, Abed RMM, Muthukrishnan T, Sathe P, Al-Naamani L, Queste BY, Piontkovski S. Living on the edge: biofilms developing in oscillating environmental conditions. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:1064-1077. [PMID: 30621450 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1539707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the densities and diversity of microorganisms developed on ocean gliders were investigated using flow cytometry and Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Ocean gliders are autonomous buoyancy-driven underwater vehicles, equipped with sensors continuously recording physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Microbial biofilms were investigated on unprotected parts of the glider and surfaces coated with base, biocidal and chitosan paints. Biofilms on the glider were exposed to periodical oscillations of salinity, oxygen, temperature, pressure, depth and light, due to periodic ascending and descending of the vehicle. Among the unprotected surfaces, the highest microbial abundance was observed on the bottom of the glider's body, while the lowest density was recorded on the glider's nose. Antifouling paints had the lowest densities of microorganisms. Multidimensional analysis showed that the microbial communities formed on unprotected parts of the glider were significantly different from those on biocidal paint and in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- a Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
- b Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Raeid M M Abed
- c Department of Biology, College of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Thirumahal Muthukrishnan
- a Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
- c Department of Biology, College of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Priyanka Sathe
- a Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Laila Al-Naamani
- a Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Bastien Y Queste
- d Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences , University of East Anglia , Norwich , UK
| | - Sergey Piontkovski
- a Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
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24
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Winfield MO, Downer A, Longyear J, Dale M, Barker GLA. Comparative study of biofilm formation on biocidal antifouling and fouling-release coatings using next-generation DNA sequencing. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:464-477. [PMID: 29745769 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1464152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial and eukaryotic communities forming biofilms on six different antifouling coatings, three biocidal and three fouling-release, on boards statically submerged in a marine environment were studied using next-generation sequencing. Sequenced amplicons of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA and eukaryotic ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer were assigned taxonomy by comparison to reference databases and relative abundances were calculated. Differences in species composition, bacterial and eukaryotic, and relative abundance were observed between the biofilms on the various coatings; the main difference was between coating type, biocidal compared to fouling-release. Species composition and relative abundance also changed through time. Thus, it was possible to group replicate samples by coating and time point, indicating that there are fundamental and reproducible differences in biofilms assemblages. The routine use of next-generation sequencing to assess biofilm formation will allow evaluation of the efficacy of various commercial coatings and the identification of targets for novel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Downer
- b School of Biological Sciences , AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd , Gateshead , UK
| | - Jennifer Longyear
- b School of Biological Sciences , AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd , Gateshead , UK
| | - Marie Dale
- b School of Biological Sciences , AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd , Gateshead , UK
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25
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von Ammon U, Wood SA, Laroche O, Zaiko A, Tait L, Lavery S, Inglis G, Pochon X. The impact of artificial surfaces on marine bacterial and eukaryotic biofouling assemblages: A high-throughput sequencing analysis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 133:57-66. [PMID: 29229186 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vessel hulls and underwater infrastructure can be severely impacted by marine biofouling. Knowledge on which abiotic conditions of artificial structures influence bacterial and eukaryotic community composition is limited. In this study, settlement plates with differing surface texture, orientation and copper-based anti-fouling coatings were deployed in a marina. After three months, biofouling samples were collected and bacterial and eukaryotic communities characterised using DNA metabarcoding. The copper anti-fouling coating treatments incurred the most significant compositional changes (p ≤ 0.001) within both domains. Bacterial diversity decreased, with Gammaproteobacteria becoming the dominant phylum. In contrast, protist diversity increased as well as opportunist nematodes and bryozoans; urochordates and molluscs became less abundant. Network analyses displayed complex relationships on untreated plates, while revealing a simpler, but disturbed and unstable community composition on the anti-fouling coated plates. These networks of copper treatments displayed opportunist taxa that appeared as key organisms in structuring the bacterial and eukaryotic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla von Ammon
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Laroche
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Leigh Tait
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
| | - Shane Lavery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Inglis
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
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26
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Hunsucker KZ, Vora GJ, Hunsucker JT, Gardner H, Leary DH, Kim S, Lin B, Swain G. Biofilm community structure and the associated drag penalties of a groomed fouling release ship hull coating. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:162-172. [PMID: 29347829 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1417395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Grooming is a proactive method to keep a ship's hull free of fouling. This approach uses a frequent and gentle wiping of the hull surface to prevent the recruitment of fouling organisms. A study was designed to compare the community composition and the drag associated with biofilms formed on a groomed and ungroomed fouling release coating. The groomed biofilms were dominated by members of the Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria as well the diatoms Navicula, Gomphonemopsis, Cocconeis, and Amphora. Ungroomed biofilms were characterized by Phyllobacteriaceae, Xenococcaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and the pennate diatoms Cyclophora, Cocconeis, and Amphora. The drag forces associated with a groomed biofilm (0.75 ± 0.09 N) were significantly less than the ungroomed biofilm (1.09 ± 0.06 N). Knowledge gained from this study has helped the design of additional testing which will improve grooming tool design, minimizing the growth of biofilms and thus lowering the frictional drag forces associated with groomed surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Z Hunsucker
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Gary J Vora
- b Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC , USA
| | - J Travis Hunsucker
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Harrison Gardner
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Dagmar H Leary
- b Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Seongwon Kim
- b Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Baochuan Lin
- b Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC , USA
- c Chemical and Biological Technologies , Defense Threat Reduction Agency , Fort Belvoir , VA , USA
| | - Geoffrey Swain
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
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27
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Xiao L, Finlay JA, Röhrig M, Mieszkin S, Worgull M, Hölscher H, Callow JA, Callow ME, Grunze M, Rosenhahn A. Topographic cues guide the attachment of diatom cells and algal zoospores. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:86-97. [PMID: 29283000 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1408801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography plays a key role in the colonization of substrata by the colonizing stages of marine fouling organisms. For the innovation of marine antifouling coatings, it is essential to understand how topographic cues affect the settlement of these organisms. In this study, tapered, spiked microstructures and discrete honeycombs of varying feature dimensions were designed and fabricated in order to examine the influence of topography on the attachment of zoospores of the green macroalga Ulva linza and cells of the diatom (microalga) Navicula incerta. Contrasting results were obtained with these two species of algae. Indeed, the preferred location of cells of N. incerta was dominated by attachment point theory, which suggested a positive correlation between the density of cells adhering and the amount of available attachment points, while the settlement of spores of U. linza was mainly regulated by both Wenzel roughness and local binding geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xiao
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - John A Finlay
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Röhrig
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Sophie Mieszkin
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Worgull
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Hendrik Hölscher
- d Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - James A Callow
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Maureen E Callow
- c School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grunze
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- a Applied Physical Chemistry , Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
- b Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
- e Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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28
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Ding W, Ma C, Zhang W, Chiang H, Tam C, Xu Y, Zhang G, Qian PY. Anti-biofilm effect of a butenolide/polymer coating and metatranscriptomic analyses. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:111-122. [PMID: 29334812 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1409891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Butenolide is an environmentally friendly antifouling natural product, but its efficiency and mechanism in preventing biofilm formation have not been examined. Furthermore, controlling the release of butenolide from paints into seawater is technically challenging. A coating was developed by mixing butenolide with a biodegradable polymer, poly (ε-caprolactone)-based polyurethane, and a one-month in situ anti-biofilm test was conducted in a subtidal area. The constant release of butenolide from the surface suggested that its release was well controlled. Direct observation and confocal microscope investigation indicated that the coating was effective against both biofilm formation and attachment of large fouling organisms. Metatranscriptomic analysis of biofilm samples implied that the coating selectively inhibited the adhesion of microbes from a variety of phyla and targeted particular functional pathways including energy metabolism, drug transport and toxin release. These integrated analyses demonstrated the potential application of this butenolide/polymer coating as an anti-biofilm material.
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Key Words
- ABC transporters, ATP-binding cassette transporters
- Anti-biofilm
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- COGs, Clusters of Orthologous Groups
- DBTDL, dibutyltin dilaurate
- DCOIT, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- PCA, principal component analysis
- RTX, repeats-in-toxin
- butenolide
- butenolide, 5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one
- metatranscriptomics
- polymer coating
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
- b Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Hoyin Chiang
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Chunkit Tam
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
- c College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- b Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- a Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong , PR China
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29
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Briand JF, Barani A, Garnier C, Réhel K, Urvois F, LePoupon C, Bouchez A, Debroas D, Bressy C. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Marine Biofilm Communities Colonizing Artificial Substrata Including Antifouling Coatings in Contrasted French Coastal Environments. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:585-598. [PMID: 28374061 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface colonization in seawater first corresponds to the selection of specific microbial biofilm communities. By coupling flow cytometry, microscopy and high throughput sequencing (HTS, 454 pyrosequencing) with artificial surfaces and environmental analyses, we intend to identify the contribution of biofilm community drivers at two contrasted French sites, one temperate and eutrophic (Lorient, Atlantic coast) and the other at a mesotrophic but highly contaminated bay (Toulon, North-Western Mediterranean Sea). Microbial communities were shaped by high temperatures, salinity and lead at Toulon by but nutrients and DOC at Lorient. Coatings including pyrithione exhibited a significant decrease of their microbial densities except for nanoeukaryotes. Clustering of communities was mainly based on the surface type and secondly the site, whereas seasons appeared of less importance. The in-depth HTS revealed that γ- and α-proteobacteria, but also Bacteroidetes, dominated highly diversified bacterial communities with a relative low β-diversity. Sensitivity to biocides released by the tested antifouling coatings could be noticed at different taxonomic levels: the percentage of Bacteroidetes overall decreased with the presence of pyrithione, whereas the α/γ-proteobacteria ratio decreased at Toulon when increased at Lorient. Small diatom cells (Amphora and Navicula spp.) dominated on all surfaces, whereas site-specific sub-dominant taxa appeared clearly more sensitive to biocides. This overall approach exhibited the critical significance of surface characteristics in biofilm community shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aude Barani
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), Université d'Aix-Marseille, Université de Toulon, Marseille, France
| | | | - Karine Réhel
- LBCM -EA 3883, IUEM, Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France
| | - Félix Urvois
- MAPIEM-EA 4323, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
| | | | - Agnès Bouchez
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon-Les-Bains, France
| | - Didier Debroas
- Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR 6023, LMGE, CNRS, F-63171, Aubiere, France
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30
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Muthukrishnan T, Dobretsov S, De Stefano M, Abed RMM, Kidd B, Finnie AA. Diatom communities on commercial biocidal fouling control coatings after one year of immersion in the marine environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:102-112. [PMID: 28499739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of commercial biocidal fouling control coatings on fouling diatom communities and their growth forms after long periods of exposure in the marine tropical environment. The current study investigated the abundance and composition of fouling diatom communities developed on 11 commercially available biocidal antifouling coatings, covering the three main technology types in recent historic use (Self-Polishing Copolymers, Self-Polishing Hybrid and Controlled Depletion Polymers) after one year of static immersion at two locations in Muscat, Oman (Marina Shangri La and Marina Bandar Rowdha). Light microscopy demonstrated that the total abundance of diatoms and the relative abundance of growth forms were significantly affected by the choice of biocidal antifouling coating and experimental location. Using scanning electron microscopy, a total of 21 diatom genera were identified which were grouped into adnate, motile, plocon and erect growth forms. The adnate growth forms, mainly the genera Amphora, Cocconeis and Mastogloia, dominated the other growth forms in terms of their relative abundance. Current results revealed the importance of exposure location and choice of biocidal antifouling coating on the relative abundance of diatom growth forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumahal Muthukrishnan
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 50, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman.
| | - Mario De Stefano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, The Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 80127, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raeid M M Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Barry Kidd
- AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd., Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair A Finnie
- AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd., Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, United Kingdom
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31
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Sathe P, Laxman K, Myint MTZ, Dobretsov S, Richter J, Dutta J. Bioinspired nanocoatings for biofouling prevention by photocatalytic redox reactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3624. [PMID: 28620218 PMCID: PMC5472575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a billion dollar industry and biofouling of aquaculture installations has heavy economic penalties. The natural antifouling (AF) defence mechanism of some seaweed that inhibits biofouling by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inspired us to mimic this process by fabricating ZnO photocatalytic nanocoating. AF activity of fishing nets modified with ZnO nanocoating was compared with uncoated nets (control) and nets painted with copper-based AF paint. One month experiment in tropical waters showed that nanocoatings reduce abundances of microfouling organisms by 3-fold compared to the control and had higher antifouling performance over AF paint. Metagenomic analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic fouling organisms using next generation sequencing platform proved that nanocoatings compared to AF paint were not selectively enriching communities with the resistant and pathogenic species. The proposed bio-inspired nanocoating is an important contribution towards environmentally friendly AF technologies for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sathe
- Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
- Chair in Nanotechnology, Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 17, Al Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Karthik Laxman
- Functional Materials Division, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Isafjordsgatan 22, SE-164 40, Kista Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myo Tay Zar Myint
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoudh, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box, 50 Al Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Jutta Richter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials Division, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Isafjordsgatan 22, SE-164 40, Kista Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Wenning BM, Martinelli E, Mieszkin S, Finlay JA, Fischer D, Callow JA, Callow ME, Leonardi AK, Ober CK, Galli G. Model Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Tailored Molecular Weight and Composition in PDMS-Based Films to Limit Soft Biofouling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16505-16516. [PMID: 28429593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A set of controlled surface composition films was produced utilizing amphiphilic block copolymers dispersed in a cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) network. These block copolymers contained oligo(ethylene glycol) (PEGMA) and fluoroalkyl (AF6) side chains in selected ratios and molecular weights to control surface chemistry including antifouling and fouling-release performance. Such properties were assessed by carrying out assays using two algae, the green macroalga Ulva linza (favors attachment to polar surfaces) and the unicellular diatom Navicula incerta (favors attachment to nonpolar surfaces). All films performed well against U. linza and exhibited high removal of attached sporelings (young plants) under an applied shear stress, with the lower molecular weight block copolymers being the best performing in the set. The composition ratios from 50:50 to 60:40 of the AF6/PEGMA side groups were shown to be more effective, with several films exhibiting spontaneous removal of the sporelings. The cells of N. incerta were also removed from several coating compositions. All films were characterized by surface techniques including captive bubble contact angle, atomic force microscopy, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to correlate surface chemistry and morphology with biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Wenning
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa , Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa , Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Sophie Mieszkin
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, U.K
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, U.K
| | - Daniel Fischer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James A Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, U.K
| | - Maureen E Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, U.K
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa , Pisa 56124, Italy
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33
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Thompson SEM, Coates JC. Surface sensing and stress-signalling in Ulva and fouling diatoms - potential targets for antifouling: a review. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:410-432. [PMID: 28508711 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1319473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying signalling pathways that enable fouling algae to sense and respond to surfaces is essential in the design of environmentally friendly coatings. Both the green alga Ulva and diverse diatoms are important ecologically and economically as they are persistent biofoulers. Ulva spores exhibit rapid secretion, allowing them to adhere quickly and permanently to a ship, whilst diatoms secrete an abundance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are highly adaptable to different environmental conditions. There is evidence, now supported by molecular data, for complex calcium and nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathways in both Ulva and diatoms being involved in surface sensing and/or adhesion. Moreover, adaptation to stress has profound effects on the biofouling capability of both types of organism. Targets for future antifouling coatings based on surface sensing are discussed, with an emphasis on pursuing NO-releasing coatings as a potentially universal antifouling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet C Coates
- a School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Sweat LH, Swain GW, Hunsucker KZ, Johnson KB. Transported biofilms and their influence on subsequent macrofouling colonization. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:433-449. [PMID: 28508710 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1320782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm organisms such as diatoms are potential regulators of global macrofouling dispersal because they ubiquitously colonize submerged surfaces, resist antifouling efforts and frequently alter larval recruitment. Although ships continually deliver biofilms to foreign ports, it is unclear how transport shapes biofilm microbial structure and subsequent macrofouling colonization. This study demonstrates that different ship hull coatings and transport methods change diatom assemblage composition in transported coastal marine biofilms. Assemblages carried on the hull experienced significant cell losses and changes in composition through hydrodynamic stress, whereas those that underwent sheltered transport, even through freshwater, were largely unaltered. Coatings and their associated biofilms shaped distinct macrofouling communities and affected recruitment for one third of all species, while biofilms from different transport treatments had little effect on macrofouling colonization. These results demonstrate that transport conditions can shape diatom assemblages in biofilms carried by ships, but the properties of the underlying coatings are mainly responsible for subsequent macrofouling. The methods by which organisms colonize and are transferred by ships have implications for their distribution, establishment and invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holly Sweat
- a Department of Ocean Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
- c Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University , Fort Pierce , FL , USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- b Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- b Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Kevin B Johnson
- a Department of Ocean Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
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Al-Naamani L, Dobretsov S, Dutta J, Burgess JG. Chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for the prevention of marine biofouling. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:408-417. [PMID: 27810541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem affecting maritime industries. Global concerns about the high toxicity of antifouling paints have highlighted the need to develop less toxic antifouling coatings. Chitosan is a natural polymer with antimicrobial, antifungal and antialgal properties that is obtained from partial deacetylation of crustacean waste. In the present study, nanocomposite chitosan-zinc oxide (chitosan-ZnO) nanoparticle hybrid coatings were developed and their antifouling activity was tested. Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle coatings showed anti-diatom activity against Navicula sp. and antibacterial activity against the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens. Additional antifouling properties of the coatings were investigated in a mesocosm study using tanks containing natural sea water under controlled laboratory conditions. Each week for four weeks, biofilm was removed and analysed by flow cytometry to estimate total bacterial densities on the coated substrates. Chitosan-ZnO hybrid coatings led to better inhibition of bacterial growth in comparison to chitosan coatings alone, as determined by flow cytometry. This study demonstrates the antifouling potential of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite hybrid coatings, which can be used for the prevention of biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Naamani
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Al-Khodh, Oman; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Al-Khodh, Oman; Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Al-Khodh, Oman.
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials Division, Materials and Nano Physics Department, ICT School, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-164 40, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Loriot M, Linossier I, Vallée-Réhel K, Faÿ F. Influence of Biodegradable Polymer Properties on Antifouling Paints Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E36. [PMID: 30970713 PMCID: PMC6432446 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new antifouling paints requires understanding the parameters involved in antifouling activity and to develop new analytical tools for their evaluation. A series of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone) copolymers varying by molecular weight and composition were synthesized, characterized and formulated as antifouling paints. The physico-chemical properties such as hydration, degradation, erosion and lixiviation of paints were studied. Microfouling (bacteria and microalgae) was observed by microscopic observations in a short delay, whereas macrofouling colonization was observed by visual inspection during one year. The antifouling activity of paints was modified by varying the composition and molecular weight of copolymer. The crystallinity appears to play a major role in antifouling activity, however the involvement of other properties such as hydration, degradation or erosion remains difficult to understand. Confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopes were used for the evaluation of antifouling paints. Results show that microalgae seem to be a pertinent indicator of antifouling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Loriot
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EA3884, LBCM, IUEM, 56321 Lorient CEDEX, France.
| | - Isabelle Linossier
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EA3884, LBCM, IUEM, 56321 Lorient CEDEX, France.
| | - Karine Vallée-Réhel
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EA3884, LBCM, IUEM, 56321 Lorient CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabienne Faÿ
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EA3884, LBCM, IUEM, 56321 Lorient CEDEX, France.
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Evaluating the Reliability of Counting Bacteria Using Epifluorescence Microscopy. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang JL, Li YF, Liang X, Guo XP, Ding DW, Zhang D, Zhou S, Bao WY, Bellou N, Dobretsov S. Silver Nanoparticles Impact Biofilm Communities and Mussel Settlement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37406. [PMID: 27869180 PMCID: PMC5116650 DOI: 10.1038/srep37406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrating good antimicrobial activity are widely used in many fields. However, the impact of AgNPs on the community structures of marine biofilms that drive biogeochemical cycling processes and the recruitment of marine invertebrate larvae remains unknown. Here, we employed MiSeq sequencing technology to evaluate the bacterial communities of 28-day-old marine biofilms formed on glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and PDMS filled with AgNPs and subsequently tested the influence of these marine biofilms on plantigrade settlement by the mussel Mytilus coruscus. AgNP-filled PDMS significantly reduced the dry weight and bacterial density of biofilms compared with the glass and PDMS controls. AgNP incorporation impacted bacterial communities by reducing the relative abundance of Flavobacteriaceae (phylum: Bacteroidetes) and increasing the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae (phylum: Proteobacteria) in 28-day-old biofilms compared to PDMS. The settlement rate of M. coruscus on 28-day-old biofilms developed on AgNPs was lower by >30% compared to settlement on control biofilms. Thus, the incorporation of AgNPs influences biofilm bacterial communities in the marine environment and subsequently inhibits mussel settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China.,Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xing-Pan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - De-Wen Ding
- Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuxue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yang Bao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nikoleta Bellou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Biofouling on Coated Carbon Steel in Cooling Water Cycles Using Brackish Seawater. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang JL, Li YF, Guo XP, Liang X, Xu YF, Ding DW, Bao WY, Dobretsov S. The effect of carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide incorporated in PDMS on biofilm community composition and subsequent mussel plantigrade settlement. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:763-777. [PMID: 27348759 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated in PDMS on biofilm formation and plantigrade settlement of Mytilus coruscus. TiO2 increased bacterial density, and CNTs also increased bacterial density but reduced diatom density in biofilms after 28 days. Further analysis was conducted between bacterial communities on glass, PDMS, CNTs (0.5 wt%) and TiO2 (7.5 wt%). ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences (R > 0.9) between seven, 14, 21 and 28 day-old bacterial communities. MiSeq sequencing showed that CNTs and TiO2 impacted the composition of 28 day-old bacterial communities by increasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The maximum decreased settlement rate in 28 day-old biofilms on CNTs and TiO2 was > 50% in comparison to those on glass and PDMS. Thus, CNTs and TiO2 incorporated in PDMS altered the biomass and community composition of biofilms, and subsequently decreased mussel settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Yang
- a Marine Ecology Research Center , The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Qingdao , PR China
- b Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , PR China
- c Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture , Ningbo , PR China
| | - Yi-Feng Li
- b Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xing-Pan Guo
- b Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- b Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yue-Feng Xu
- b Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources , Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , PR China
| | - De-Wen Ding
- a Marine Ecology Research Center , The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Wei-Yang Bao
- d Institute of Marine Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , PR China
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- e Department of Marine Science and Fisheries , College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
- f Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
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Zaiko A, Schimanski K, Pochon X, Hopkins GA, Goldstien S, Floerl O, Wood SA. Metabarcoding improves detection of eukaryotes from early biofouling communities: implications for pest monitoring and pathway management. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:671-684. [PMID: 27212415 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1186165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this experimental study the patterns in early marine biofouling communities and possible implications for surveillance and environmental management were explored using metabarcoding, viz. 18S ribosomal RNA gene barcoding in combination with high-throughput sequencing. The community structure of eukaryotic assemblages and the patterns of initial succession were assessed from settlement plates deployed in a busy port for one, five and 15 days. The metabarcoding results were verified with traditional morphological identification of taxa from selected experimental plates. Metabarcoding analysis identified > 400 taxa at a comparatively low taxonomic level and morphological analysis resulted in the detection of 25 taxa at varying levels of resolution. Despite the differences in resolution, data from both methods were consistent at high taxonomic levels and similar patterns in community shifts were observed. A high percentage of sequences belonging to genera known to contain non-indigenous species (NIS) were detected after exposure for only one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Zaiko
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
- b Marine Science and Technology Center , Klaipeda University , Klaipeda , Lithuania
| | - Kate Schimanski
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
- c School of Biological Sciences , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Xavier Pochon
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
- d Institute of Marine Science , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Grant A Hopkins
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
| | - Sharyn Goldstien
- c School of Biological Sciences , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Oliver Floerl
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
| | - Susanna A Wood
- a Coastal and Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
- e Environmental Research Institute , Waikato University , Hamilton , New Zealand
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Sathe P, Richter J, Myint MTZ, Dobretsov S, Dutta J. Self-decontaminating photocatalytic zinc oxide nanorod coatings for prevention of marine microfouling: a mesocosm study. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:383-95. [PMID: 26930216 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1146256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The antifouling (AF) properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod coated glass substrata were investigated in an out-door mesocosm experiment under natural sunlight (14:10 light: dark photoperiod) over a period of five days. The total bacterial density (a six-fold reduction) and viability (a three-fold reduction) was significantly reduced by nanocoatings in the presence of sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, coated and control substrata were colonized equally by bacteria. MiSeq Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed distinct bacterial communities on the nanocoated and control substrata in the presence and absence of light. Diatom communities also varied on nanocoated substrata in the presence and the absence of light. The observed AF activity of the ZnO nanocoatings is attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through photocatalysis in the presence of sunlight. These nanocoatings are a significant step towards the production of an environmentally friendly AF coating that utilizes a sustainable supply of sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sathe
- a Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- b Chair in Nanotechnology, Water Research Center , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jutta Richter
- a Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- c Hochschule Bremerhaven , Bremerhaven , Germany
| | - Myo Tay Zar Myint
- b Chair in Nanotechnology, Water Research Center , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- d Department of Physics, College of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- a Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- b Chair in Nanotechnology, Water Research Center , Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- e Functional Materials Division, Materials and Nano-Physics Department , ICT School, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Kista Stockholm , Sweden
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Davidson I, Scianni C, Hewitt C, Everett R, Holm E, Tamburri M, Ruiz G. Mini-review: Assessing the drivers of ship biofouling management--aligning industry and biosecurity goals. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:411-28. [PMID: 26930397 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1149572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by marine species. These negative consequences provide a unifying purpose for the maritime industry and biosecurity managers to prevent biofouling accumulation and transfer, but important gaps exist between these sectors. This mini-review examines the approach to assessments of ship biofouling among sectors (industry, biosecurity and marine science) and the implications for existing and emerging management of biofouling. The primary distinctions between industry and biosecurity in assessment of vessels biofouling revolve around the resolution of biological information collected and the specific wetted surface areas of primary concern to each sector. The morphological characteristics of biofouling and their effects on propulsion dynamics are of primary concern to industry, with an almost exclusive focus on the vertical sides and flat bottom of hulls and an emphasis on antifouling and operational performance. In contrast, the identity, biogeography, and ecology of translocated organisms is of highest concern to invasion researchers and biosecurity managers and policymakers, especially as it relates to species with known histories of invasion elsewhere. Current management practices often provide adequate, although not complete, provision for hull surfaces, but niche areas are well known to enhance biosecurity risk. As regulations to prevent invasions emerge in this arena, there is a growing opportunity for industry, biosecurity and academic stakeholders to collaborate and harmonize efforts to assess and manage biofouling of ships that should lead to more comprehensive biofouling solutions that promote industry goals while reducing biosecurity risk and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Davidson
- a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center , Edgewater , MD , USA
| | - Christopher Scianni
- b Marine Invasive Species Program , California State Lands Commission , Sacramento, CA , USA
| | - Chad Hewitt
- c School of Science , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Richard Everett
- d Environmental Standards Division , United States Coast Guard , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Eric Holm
- e Carderock Division , Naval Surface Warfare Center , West Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mario Tamburri
- f Chesapeake Biological Laboratory , University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Solomons , MD , USA
| | - Gregory Ruiz
- a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center , Edgewater , MD , USA
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Vasantha VA, Zainul Rahim SZ, Jayaraman S, Junyuan GH, Puniredd SR, Ramakrishna S, Teo SLM, Parthiban A. Antibacterial, electrospun nanofibers of novel poly(sulfobetaine) and poly(sulfabetaine)s. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2731-2738. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers have gained increasing attention due to their ability to form environmentally friendly antifouling surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Arjunan Vasantha
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 627833
| | - Siti Zarina Zainul Rahim
- Tropical Marine Science Institute
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 119227
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National University of Singapore
| | - Sundaramurthy Jayaraman
- Environmental & Water Technology Centre of Innovation
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic
- Singapore 599489
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
| | - Gabriel Han Junyuan
- Environmental & Water Technology Centre of Innovation
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic
- Singapore 599489
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Anbanandam Parthiban
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 627833
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Atalah J, Brook R, Cahill P, Fletcher LM, Hopkins GA. It's a wrap: encapsulation as a management tool for marine biofouling. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:277-286. [PMID: 26919588 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1137288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of fouled structures is an effective tool for countering incursions by non-indigenous biofoulers. However, guidelines for the implementation of encapsulation treatments are yet to be established. This study evaluated the effects of temperature, biomass, community composition, treatment duration and the biocide acetic acid on biofoulers. In laboratory trials using the model organisms Ciona spp. and Mytilus galloprovincialis, increasing the temperature or biomass speeded up the development of a toxic environment. Total mortality for Ciona spp. occurred within 72 and 24 h at 10 and 19°C, respectively. M. galloprovincialis survived up to 18 days, with high biomass increasing mortality at 10°C only. In a field study, three-month-old and four-year-old communities were encapsulated with and without acetic acid. Mortality took up to 10 days for communities encapsulated without acetic acid, compared to 48 h with acetic acid. The insights gained from this study will be useful in developing standardised encapsulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Atalah
- a Coastal & Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
| | - Rosemary Brook
- b School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Patrick Cahill
- a Coastal & Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
| | - Lauren M Fletcher
- a Coastal & Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
| | - Grant A Hopkins
- a Coastal & Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
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Paterson JS, Ogden S, Smith RJ, Delpin MW, Mitchell JG, Quinton JS. Surface modification of an organic hessian substrate leads to shifts in bacterial biofilm community composition and abundance. J Biotechnol 2015; 219:90-7. [PMID: 26721183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antifouling strategies to limit biofilms on submerged surfaces in the marine environment are of particular interest due to the economic and environmental impacts in industries such as shipping and aquaculture. Here, we investigate the influence of chemically modified hessian bag surfaces on the bacterial abundance and community composition of biofilm formation using flow cytometry and 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Hessian bags were coated with 5% and 10% Propyl(trimethoxy)silane (PTMS) and half of the bags had their lignin and hemicellulose removed via NaOH mercerisation. Significantly lower bacterial abundance was observed on mercerised bags treated with 5% PTMS (p<0.01). Significant shifts in bacterial taxa were also observed (p=0.0004), whereby unmercerised bags exhibited higher relative abundances of the anaerobic family Desulfovibrionaceae (4.5±1.7%), while mercerised bags displayed higher relative abundances of the aerobic family Phyllobacteriaceae (3.6±1.7%). This suggests that the mercerisation process may lower colonization rates and subsequently produce a thinner biofilm. This hypothesis is strengthened by the lower abundance of bacteria on mercerised bags, particularly on the 5% PTMS coating. Our results show that modifying a hessian surface via non-toxic coating and mercerisation reduces biofilm formation and also shifts the dominant taxa, increasing our understanding of antifouling strategies in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Paterson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2 Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Samuel Ogden
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2 Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Renee J Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Marina W Delpin
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2 Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - James G Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jamie S Quinton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2 Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Assessing the antimicrobial activity of polyisoprene based surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4392-415. [PMID: 25706513 PMCID: PMC4394427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an intense research effort in the last decades in the field of biofouling prevention as it concerns many aspects of everyday life and causes problems to devices, the environment, and human health. Many different antifouling and antimicrobial materials have been developed to struggle against bacteria and other micro- and macro-organism attachment to different surfaces. However the “miracle solution” has still to be found. The research presented here concerns the synthesis of bio-based polymeric materials and the biological tests that showed their antifouling and, at the same time, antibacterial activity. The raw material used for the coating synthesis was natural rubber. The polyisoprene chains were fragmented to obtain oligomers, which had reactive chemical groups at their chain ends, therefore they could be modified to insert polymerizable and biocidal groups. Films were obtained by radical photopolymerization of the natural rubber derived oligomers and their structure was altered, in order to understand the mechanism of attachment inhibition and to increase the efficiency of the anti-biofouling action. The adhesion of three species of pathogenic bacteria and six strains of marine bacteria was studied. The coatings were able to inhibit bacterial attachment by contact, as it was verified that no detectable leaching of toxic molecules occurred.
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Tribou M, Swain G. Grooming using rotating brushes as a proactive method to control ship hull fouling. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:309-319. [PMID: 25981344 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Grooming may be defined as the frequent and gentle cleaning of a ship hull coating, when it is in port or idle, to prevent the establishment of fouling. This study assessed the effectiveness of grooming with a five-headed rotating brush system on epoxy, ablative copper and two silicone fouling release (FR) coatings. These coatings were placed under static immersion at Port Canaveral, FL on a weekly and biweekly frequency. The results showed that grooming reduced fouling on all surfaces and was able to prevent fouling on the ablative copper and FR coatings when performed weekly. It was concluded that the grooming tool used for these tests was sufficient to remove biofilm and most hard fouling. However, when fouling pressure increased or when grooming was performed less frequently, insufficient forces were imparted by the brush to remove all of the established hard fouling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tribou
- a DMES , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
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Schultz MP, Walker JM, Steppe CN, Flack KA. Impact of diatomaceous biofilms on the frictional drag of fouling-release coatings. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:759-773. [PMID: 26652667 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin-friction results are presented for fouling-release (FR) hull coatings in the unexposed, clean condition and after dynamic exposure to diatomaceous biofilms for 3 and 6 months. The experiments were conducted in a fully developed turbulent channel flow facility spanning a wide Reynolds number range. The results show that the clean FR coatings tested were hydraulically smooth over much of the Reynolds number range. Biofilms, however, resulted in an increase in skin-friction of up to 70%. The roughness functions for the biofilm-covered surfaces did not display universal behavior, but instead varied with the percentage coverage by the biofilm. The effect of the biofilm was observed to scale with its mean thickness and the square root of the percentage coverage. A new effective roughness length scale (keff) for biofilms based on these parameters is proposed. Boundary layer similarity-law scaling is used to predict the impact of these biofilms on the required shaft power for a mid-sized naval surface combatant at cruising speed. The increase in power is estimated to be between 1.5% and 10.1% depending on the biofilm thickness and percentage coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Schultz
- a Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering , United States Naval Academy , Annapolis , USA
| | - J M Walker
- b National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics , Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
| | - C N Steppe
- c Department of Oceanography , United States Naval Academy , Annapolis , USA
| | - K A Flack
- d Department of Mechanical Engineering , United States Naval Academy , Annapolis , USA
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Hearin J, Hunsucker KZ, Swain G, Stephens A, Gardner H, Lieberman K, Harper M. Analysis of long-term mechanical grooming on large-scale test panels coated with an antifouling and a fouling-release coating. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:625-638. [PMID: 26359541 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term grooming tests were conducted on two large-scale test panels, one coated with a fluorosilicone fouling-release (FR) coating, and one coated with a copper based ablative antifouling (AF) coating. Mechanical grooming was performed weekly or bi-weekly using a hand operated, electrically powered, rotating brush tool. The results indicate that weekly grooming was effective at removing loose or heavy biofilm settlement from both coatings, but could not prevent the permanent establishment of low-profile tenacious biofilms. Weekly grooming was very effective at preventing macrofouling establishment on the AF coating. The effectiveness of weekly grooming at preventing macrofouling establishment on the FR coating varied seasonally. The results suggest that frequent mechanical grooming is a viable method to reduce the fouling rating of ships' hulls with minimal impact to the coating. Frequent grooming could offer significant fuel savings while reducing hull cleaning frequencies and dry dock maintenance requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hearin
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Geoffrey Swain
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Abraham Stephens
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Harrison Gardner
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Kody Lieberman
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Michael Harper
- a Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control (CCBC) , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
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