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Zubkova E, Kalinin A, Bolotskaya A, Beloglazova I, Menshikov M. Autophagy-Dependent Secretion: Crosstalk between Autophagy and Exosome Biogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2209-2235. [PMID: 38534758 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular secretome is pivotal in mediating intercellular communication and coordinating responses to stressors. Exosomes, initially recognized for their role in waste disposal, have now emerged as key intercellular messengers with significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Similarly, autophagy has transcended its traditional role as a waste removal mechanism, emerging as a regulator of intracellular communication pathways and a contributor to a unique autophagy-dependent secretome. Secretory authophagy, initiated by various stress stimuli, prompts the selective release of proteins implicated in inflammation, including leaderless proteins that bypass the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi secretory pathway. This reflects the significant impact of stress-induced autophagy on cellular secretion profiles, including the modulation of exosome release. The convergence of exosome biogenesis and autophagy is exemplified by the formation of amphisomes, vesicles that integrate autophagic and endosomal pathways, indicating their synergistic interplay. Regulatory proteins common to both pathways, particularly mTORC1, emerge as potential therapeutic targets to alter cellular secretion profiles involved in various diseases. This review explores the dynamic interplay between autophagy and exosome formation, highlighting the potential to influence the secretome composition. While the modulation of exosome secretion and cytokine preconditioning is well-established in regenerative medicine, the strategic manipulation of autophagy is still underexplored, presenting a promising but uncharted therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zubkova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kalinin
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya Bolotskaya
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Chaaya C, Zgheib G, El Karak F. Pharmacotherapy developments in autophagy inhibitors for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1853-1860. [PMID: 37668151 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is an intracellular process that plays a key role in the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been described as a potential therapeutic target in oncology, whether by activating or inhibiting its different cascades. Autophagy inhibitors interact with different molecular processes of the hallmarks of cancer. AREAS COVERED Multiple proteins of the autophagy cascade could be aimed by specific inhibitors in many tumors, notably bladder cancer. In fact, bladder cancer has been increasing in prevalence over the last decade, and resistance to conventional treatment has been extensively reported in the literature. Autophagy inhibitors in bladder cancer have been described in preclinical studies to increase the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper is a review of the literature, which selected randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies documenting the relationship between autophagy inhibitors and bladder cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Autophagy is a promising pathway for cancer cell targeting that opens the horizons for a potential new therapeutic area in particular the multidisciplinary management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chaaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghady Zgheib
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Shi Z, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Ohgaki R, Xu M, Okanishi H, Endou H, Nagamori S, Kanai Y. Inhibition of cancer-type amino acid transporter LAT1 suppresses B16-F10 melanoma metastasis in mouse models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13943. [PMID: 37626086 PMCID: PMC10457391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is a Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter highly expressed in various cancers to support their growth. Although high LAT1 expression is closely associated with cancer metastasis, its role in this process remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LAT1 inhibition on cancer metastasis using B16-F10 melanoma mouse models. Our results demonstrated that nanvuranlat (JPH203), a high-affinity LAT1-selective inhibitor, suppressed B16-F10 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Similarly, LAT1 knockdown reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LAT1 inhibitors and LAT1 knockdown diminished B16-F10 lung metastasis in a lung metastasis model. Furthermore, nanvuranlat and LAT1 knockdown suppressed lung, spleen, and lymph node metastasis in an orthotopic metastasis model. We discovered that the LAT1 inhibitor reduced the cell surface expression of integrin αvβ3. Our findings revealed that the downregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway, induced by LAT1 inhibitors, decreased the expression of integrin αvβ3, contributing to the suppression of metastasis. These results highlight the critical role of LAT1 in cancer metastasis and suggest that LAT1 inhibition may serve as a potential target for anti-metastasis cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Shi
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- MS-CORE, FRC, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Division of Science, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Cha SR, Jang J, Park SM, Ryu SM, Cho SJ, Yang SR. Cigarette Smoke-Induced Respiratory Response: Insights into Cellular Processes and Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1210. [PMID: 37371940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) poses a significant risk factor for respiratory, vascular, and organ diseases owing to its high content of harmful chemicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These substances are known to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and senescence due to their exposure to environmental pollutants and the presence of oxidative enzymes. The lung is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Persistent oxidative stress caused by chronic exposure to CS can lead to respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and lung cancer. Avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants, like cigarette smoke and air pollution, can help mitigate oxidative stress. A comprehensive understanding of oxidative stress and its impact on the lungs requires future research. This includes identifying strategies for preventing and treating lung diseases as well as investigating the underlying mechanisms behind oxidative stress. Thus, this review aims to investigate the cellular processes induced by CS, specifically inflammation, apoptosis, senescence, and their associated biomarkers. Furthermore, this review will delve into the alveolar response provoked by CS, emphasizing the roles of potential therapeutic target markers and strategies in inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ryul Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Min Ryu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Association of Serum Zinc and Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020340. [PMID: 36678211 PMCID: PMC9861200 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection can spread in the host body without any adequate immune response. Zinc is an essential trace element with strong immunoregulatory and antiviral properties and its deficiency might lead to inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the current study was to determine the association of serum zinc and inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19 infection. This was a prospective observational study in which 123 COVID-19-positive adult patients and 48 controls were recruited. The initial comparative analysis was conducted between COVID-19 patients and controls. COVID-19-positive patients were further divided into three different groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the severity of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower serum zinc levels (8.8 ± 2.3 µmol/L) compared to healthy controls (11.9 ± 1.8 µmol/L). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and the severity of COVID-19 infection (r = −0.584, p < 0.0001) and this effect was independent of age (r = −0.361, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, inflammatory markers showed a positive correlation with the severity of COVID-19 infection and a negative correlation with the levels of serum zinc. The study demonstrated an association between COVID-19 infection with low serum zinc levels and elevated inflammatory markers. Further studies to assess the significance of this observation are needed, which may justify zinc supplementation to mitigate the severity of COVID-19 infection.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Liu H, Zhou Y, Huang C, Liang L, Liu Y, Wang X. Anticancer effect evaluation of iridium(III) complexes targeting mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112054. [PMID: 36335745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ligand HMSPIP (2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and its iridium(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2(HMSPIP)]PF6 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, Ir1) and [Ir(bzq)2(HMSPIP)]PF6 (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline, Ir2) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectra. The cytotoxicity of the complexes toward cancer cells were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, the scratch wound healing and colony-forming were also investigated. MTT assay certificated that the complexes show high toxic effect on the HeLa cells. The cell cycle assay illustrated that the complexes blocked cell growth at G0/G1 phase in HeLa cells. A series of subsequent experiments showed that the complexes first enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then enter the mitochondria, leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ultimately resulting in apoptosis. In addition, the experimental results revealed that the complexes not only increase the level of ROS but also inhibit the production of GSH and eventually produce large amounts of MDA and further leading to cell death. Taken together, we consider that the complexes can be used as potential candidate drugs for HeLa cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yizhen Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haimei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Juárez-Montiel M, Clark-Flores D, Tesillo-Moreno P, de la Vega-Camarillo E, Andrade-Pavón D, Hernández-García JA, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Villa-Tanaca L. Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:948477. [PMID: 37746183 PMCID: PMC10512327 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.948477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a survival and virulence mechanism of different eukaryotic pathogens. Autophagosomes sequester cytosolic material and organelles, then fuse with or enter into the vacuole or lysosome (the lytic compartment of most fungal/plant cells and many animal cells, respectively). Subsequent degradation of cargoes delivered to the vacuole via autophagy and endocytosis maintains cellular homeostasis and survival in conditions of stress, cellular differentiation, and development. PrA and PrB are vacuolar aspartyl and serine endoproteases, respectively, that participate in the autophagy of fungi and contribute to the pathogenicity of phytopathogens. Whereas the levels of vacuolar proteases are regulated by the expression of the genes encoding them (e.g., PEP4 for PrA and PRB1 for PrB), their activity is governed by endogenous inhibitors. The aim of the current contribution is to review the main characteristics, regulation, and role of vacuolar soluble endoproteases and Atg proteins in the process of autophagy and the pathogenesis of three fungal phytopathogens: Ustilago maydis, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Alternaria alternata. Aspartyl and serine proteases are known to participate in autophagy in these fungi by degrading autophagic bodies. However, the gene responsible for encoding the vacuolar serine protease of U. maydis has yet to be identified. Based on in silico analysis, this U. maydis gene is proposed to be orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes PRB1 and PBI2, known to encode the principal protease involved in the degradation of autophagic bodies and its inhibitor, respectively. In fungi that interact with plants, whether phytopathogenic or mycorrhizal, autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process regulated through the TOR, PKA, and SNF1 pathways by ATG proteins and vacuolar proteases. Autophagy plays a preponderant role in the recycling of cell components as well as in the fungus-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Manhas J, Lohani LR, Seethy A, Kumar U, Gamanagatti S, Sen S. Case report: Characterization of a rare pathogenic variant associated with loss of COL3A1 expression in vascular Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:939013. [PMID: 36304539 PMCID: PMC9595653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.939013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular subtype of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by spontaneous arterial, bowel or organ rupture. The diagnosis of vEDS is established in a proband by identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the alpha-1 gene of type III collagen (COL3A1) by molecular analysis. In this report, we present a case of vEDS with life threatening, spontaneous arterial dissections in association with an uncharacterized rare variant of COL3A1, exon19:c.1340G > A. Primary culture of patient skin fibroblasts followed by immunofluorescence revealed a complete absence of COL3A1 protein expression as well as altered morphology. Electron microscopy of the cultured fibroblasts showed abnormal vacuoles in the cytoplasm suggestive of a secretory defect. In this study, we have performed functional characterization of the COL3A1 exon19:c.1340G > A variant for the first time and this may now be classified as likely pathogenic in vEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvie Manhas
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lov Raj Lohani
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Uma Kumar,
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudip Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Vijayakumar KA, Cho GW, Maharajan N, Jang CH. A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:232-242. [PMID: 36050223 PMCID: PMC9471415 DOI: 10.5607/en22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems is one of the causes of tinnitus. This damage has numerous causes, such as loud noise, aging, and ototoxicity. All these sources excite the cells of the auditory pathway, producing reactive oxygen species that leads to the death of sensory neural hair cells. This causes involuntary movement of the tectorial membrane, resulting in the buzzing noise characteristic of tinnitus. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic scavenging activity inside a cell that has evolved as a cell survival mechanism. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of autophagy against oxidative stress, which is one of the reasons for cell excitation. This review compiles several studies that highlight the role of autophagy in protecting sensory neural hair cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. This could facilitate the development of strategies to treat tinnitus by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan A Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Gwang-Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Nagarajan Maharajan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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Cell Autophagy in NASH and NASH-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147734. [PMID: 35887082 PMCID: PMC9322157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process, involves the degradation of targeted cell components such as damaged organelles, unfolded proteins, and intracellular pathogens by lysosomes. It is a major quality control system of the cell and plays an important role in cell differentiation, survival, development, and homeostasis. Alterations in the cell autophagic machinery have been implicated in several disease conditions, including neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, cancer, infection, inflammatory diseases, and aging. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including its inflammatory form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a decrease in cell autophagic activity, has been implicated in the initial development and progression of steatosis to NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present an overview of autophagy as it occurs in mammalian cells with an insight into the emerging understanding of the role of autophagy in NASH and NASH-related HCC.
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Wlodkowic D, Bownik A, Leitner C, Stengel D, Braunbeck T. Beyond the behavioural phenotype: Uncovering mechanistic foundations in aquatic eco-neurotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154584. [PMID: 35306067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been an increase in awareness of how anthropogenic pollution can alter behavioural traits of diverse aquatic organisms. Apart from understanding profound ecological implications, alterations in neuro-behavioural indices have emerged as sensitive and physiologically integrative endpoints in chemical risk assessment. Accordingly, behavioural ecotoxicology and broader eco-neurotoxicology are becoming increasingly popular fields of research that span a plethora of fundamental laboratory experimentations as well as applied field-based studies. Despite mounting interest in aquatic behavioural ecotoxicology studies, there is, however, a considerable paucity in deciphering the mechanistic foundations underlying behavioural alterations upon exposure to pollutants. The behavioural phenotype is indeed the highest-level integrative neurobiological phenomenon, but at its core lie myriads of intertwined biochemical, cellular, and physiological processes. Therefore, the mechanisms that underlie changes in behavioural phenotypes can stem among others from dysregulation of neurotransmitter pathways, electrical signalling, and cell death of discrete cell populations in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They can, however, also be a result of toxicity to sensory organs and even metabolic dysfunctions. In this critical review, we outline why behavioural phenotyping should be the starting point that leads to actual discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying actions of neurotoxic and neuromodulating contaminants. We highlight potential applications of the currently existing and emerging neurobiology and neurophysiology analytical strategies that should be embraced and more broadly adopted in behavioural ecotoxicology. Such strategies can provide new mechanistic discoveries instead of only observing the end sum phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carola Leitner
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Chen YC, Chen KF, Lin KYA, Chen JK, Jiang XY, Lin CH. The nephrotoxic potential of polystyrene microplastics at realistic environmental concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127871. [PMID: 34862106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As microplastics (MPs) dispersed into the environment, people might be exposed to MPs. Most pollutants either pass through or concentrate in the kidney. Therefore, nephrotoxicity tests are needed to verify the toxic potential of MPs. Here we used human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells to determine the association between nephrotoxicity and round-shape polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) (3.54 ± 0.39 μm) under realistic environmental exposure concentrations. Results revealed that PSMPs can adhere to the cell membrane and get entirely engulfed by HEK293 cells. PSMPs can induce cytotoxicity by oxidative stress via inhibition of the antioxidant haem oxygenase-1. Depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and formation of autophagosomes confirmed that apoptosis and autophagy can be simultaneously induced by PSMPs. The inflammatory factor was only activated (33 cytokines) by noncytotoxic concentration of PSMPs (3 ng/mL); however, the cytotoxic concentration (300 ng/mL) of PSMPs induced autophagy, which might further reduce NLRP3 expression, thus contributing to dampening inflammation (35 cytokines) in HEK293 cells. PSMPs (300 ng/mL) can impair kidney barrier integrity and increase the probability of developing acute kidney injury through the depletion of the zonula occludens-2 proteins and α1-antitrypsin. Altogether, our results demonstrated that environmental exposure to PSMPs may lead to an increased risk of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Laboratory Animal Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan.
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13
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Feng W, Argüello-Miranda O, Qian S, Wang F. Cdc14 spatiotemporally dephosphorylates Atg13 to activate autophagy during meiotic divisions. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213046. [PMID: 35238874 PMCID: PMC8919667 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic lysosomal degradation pathway that responds to environmental and cellular cues. Autophagy is essential for the meiotic exit and sporulation in budding yeast, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that autophagy is maintained during meiosis and stimulated in anaphase I and II. Cells with higher levels of autophagy complete meiosis faster, and genetically enhanced autophagy increases meiotic kinetics and sporulation efficiency. Strikingly, our data reveal that the conserved phosphatase Cdc14 regulates meiosis-specific autophagy. Cdc14 is activated in anaphase I and II, accompanying its subcellular relocation from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm, where it dephosphorylates Atg13 to stimulate Atg1 kinase activity and thus autophagy. Together, our findings reveal a meiosis-tailored mechanism that spatiotemporally controls meiotic autophagy activity to ensure meiosis progression, exit, and sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Suhong Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence to Fei Wang:
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14
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Chen YY, Liang JJ, Wang DL, Chen JB, Cao JP, Wang Y, Sun CD. Nobiletin as a chemopreventive natural product against cancer, a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6309-6329. [PMID: 35089821 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death, second only to heart disease, cancer has always been one of the burning topics in medical research. When targeting multiple signal pathways in tumorigenesis chemoprevention, using natural or synthetic anti-cancer drugs is a vital strategy to reduce cancer damage. However, toxic effects, multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs) all prominently limited the clinical application of conventional anticancer drugs. With low side effects, strong biological activity, unique mechanism, and wide range of targets, natural products derived from plants are considered significant sources for new drug development. Nobiletin is one of the most attractive compounds, a unique flavonoid primarily isolated from the peel of citrus fruits. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that nobiletin and its derivatives possess the eminent potential to become effective cancer chemoprevention agents through various cellular and molecular levels. This article aims to comprehensively review the anticancer efficacy and specific mechanisms of nobiletin, enhancing our understanding of its chemoprevention properties and providing the latest research findings. At the end of this review, we also give some discussion and future perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities in nobiletin efficient exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deng-Liang Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Liao HY, Wang ZQ, Ran R, Zhou KS, Ma CW, Zhang HH. Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:761273. [PMID: 34988074 PMCID: PMC8721099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains metabolism and homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Many studies have reported that autophagy plays an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the spatiotemporal patterns of autophagy activation after traumatic SCI are contradictory. Most studies show that the activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis have neuroprotective effects on traumatic SCI. However, reports demonstrate that autophagy is strongly associated with distal neuronal death and the impaired functional recovery following traumatic SCI. This article introduces SCI pathophysiology, the physiology and mechanism of autophagy, and our current review on its role in traumatic SCI. We also discuss the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis and the therapeutic effect of activating or inhibiting autophagy in promoting functional recovery. Thus, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the biological therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Ran
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Wei Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Foerster EG, Mukherjee T, Cabral-Fernandes L, Rocha JD, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. How autophagy controls the intestinal epithelial barrier. Autophagy 2022; 18:86-103. [PMID: 33906557 PMCID: PMC8865220 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1909406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of intracellular pathogens. Its role in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium is of particular interest, as several autophagy-related genes have been associated with intestinal disease. Autophagy and its regulatory mechanisms are involved in both homeostasis and repair of the intestine, supporting intestinal barrier function in response to cellular stress through tight junction regulation and protection from cell death. Furthermore, a clear role has emerged for autophagy not only in secretory cells but also in intestinal stem cells, where it affects their metabolism, as well as their proliferative and regenerative capacity. Here, we review the physiological role of autophagy in the context of intestinal epithelial maintenance and how genetic mutations affecting autophagy contribute to the development of intestinal disease.Abbreviations: AKT1S1: AKT1 substrate 1; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APC: APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; atg16l1[ΔIEC] mice: mice with a specific deletion of Atg16l1 in intestinal epithelial cells; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; bsk/Jnk: basket; CADPR: cyclic ADP ribose; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP3: caspase 3; CD: Crohn disease; CDH1/E-cadherin: cadherin 1; CF: cystic fibrosis; CFTR: CF transmembrane conductance regulator; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CLDN2: claudin 2; CoPEC: colibactin-producing E. coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1; DC: dendritic cell; DDIT3: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; HSPA5/GRP78: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IEC: intestinal epithelial cell; IFN: interferon; IFNG/IFNγ:interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LGR5: leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MAP1LC3A/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAPK/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK14/p38 MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; MAPKAP1: MAPK associated protein 1; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; miRNA: microRNA; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MNV: murine norovirus; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NLRP: NLR family pyrin domain containing; NOD: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; OPTN: optineurin; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; P: phosphorylation; Patj: PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component; PE: phosphatidyl-ethanolamine; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PRR5: proline rich 5; PRR5L: proline rich 5 like; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SH3GLB1: SH3 domain containing GRB2 like, endophilin B1; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TA: transit-amplifying; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TGM2: transglutaminase 2; TJ: tight junction; TJP1/ZO1: tight junction protein 1; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF/TNFα: tumor necrosis factor; Tor: target of rapamycin; TRAF: TNF receptor associated factor; TRIM11: tripartite motif containing 11; TRP53: transformation related protein 53; TSC: TSC complex subunit; Ub: ubiquitin; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USO1/p115: USO1 vesicle transport factor; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WNT: WNT family member; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapas Mukherjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana J. Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Corral-Juan M, Casquero P, Giraldo-Restrepo N, Laurie S, Martinez-Piñeiro A, Mateo-Montero RC, Ispierto L, Vilas D, Tolosa E, Volpini V, Alvarez-Ramo R, Sánchez I, Matilla-Dueñas A. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac030. [PMID: 35310830 PMCID: PMC8928420 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias consist of a highly heterogeneous group of inherited movement disorders clinically characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia variably associated with additional distinctive clinical signs. The genetic heterogeneity is evidenced by the myriad of associated genes and underlying genetic defects identified. In this study, we describe a new spinocerebellar ataxia subtype in nine members of a Spanish five-generation family from Menorca with affected individuals variably presenting with ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, polyneuropathy, pyramidal signs, cerebellar atrophy and distinctive cerebral demyelination. Affected individuals presented with horizontal and vertical gaze-evoked nystagmus and hyperreflexia as initial clinical signs, and a variable age of onset ranging from 12 to 60 years. Neurophysiological studies showed moderate axonal sensory polyneuropathy with altered sympathetic skin response predominantly in the lower limbs. We identified the c.1877C > T (p.Ser626Leu) pathogenic variant within the SAMD9L gene as the disease causative genetic defect with a significant log-odds score (Zmax = 3.43; θ = 0.00; P < 3.53 × 10−5). We demonstrate the mitochondrial location of human SAMD9L protein, and its decreased levels in patients’ fibroblasts in addition to mitochondrial perturbations. Furthermore, mutant SAMD9L in zebrafish impaired mobility and vestibular/sensory functions. This study describes a novel spinocerebellar ataxia subtype caused by SAMD9L mutation, SCA49, which triggers mitochondrial alterations pointing to a role of SAMD9L in neurological motor and sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Corral-Juan
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Casquero
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Section, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Mahón, Menorca, Spain
| | | | - Steve Laurie
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez-Piñeiro
- Neuromuscular and Functional Studies Unit, Neurology Service, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Ispierto
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Vilas
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramiro Alvarez-Ramo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivelisse Sánchez
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence to: Dr Antoni Matilla-Dueñas Head of the Neurogenetics Unit Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Ctra. de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain E-mail:
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18
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Karim MM, Sultana S, Sultana R, Rahman MT. Possible Benefits of Zinc supplement in CVD and COVID-19 Comorbidity. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1686-1692. [PMID: 34649043 PMCID: PMC8489295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As far as comorbidity is concerned, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) appear to be accounted for the highest prevalence, severity, and fatality among COVID 19 patients. A wide array of causal links connecting CVD and COVID-19 baffle the overall prognosis as well as the efficacy of the given therapeutic interventions. At the centre of this puzzle lies ACE2 that works as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, and functional expression of which is also needed to minimize vasoconstriction otherwise would lead to high blood pressure. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to reduce the functional expression of ACE2. Given these circumstances, it might be advisable to consider a treatment plan for COVID-19 patients with CVD in an approach that would neither aggravate the vasodeleterious arm of the renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system (RAAS) nor compromise the vasoprotective arm of RAAS but is effective to minimize or if possible, inhibit the viral replication. Given the immune modulatory role of Zn in both CVD and COVID-19 pathogenesis, zinc supplement to the selective treatment plan for CVD and COVID-19 comorbid conditions, to be decided by the clinicians depending on the cardiovascular conditions of the patients, might greatly improve the therapeutic outcome. Notably, ACE2 is a zinc metalloenzyme and zinc is also known to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), New Elephant Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Rokaia Sultana
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), New Elephant Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tariqur Rahman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia,Corresponding author
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19
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Hamdan JN, Cohen AA, Cardenas SM, Saucedo S, Lodoza GA, Gosselink KL. Neonatal Maternal Separation Modifies Proteostasis Marker Expression in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:661993. [PMID: 34447296 PMCID: PMC8383781 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.661993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) can persistently modify neuronal circuits and functions, and contribute to the expression of misfolded and aggregated proteins that are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. The healthy brain is able to clear dysfunctional proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Accumulating evidence indicates that impairment of these pathways contributes to enhanced protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. While stress is a known precipitant of neurological decline, few specific mechanistic links underlying this relationship have been identified. We hypothesized that neonatal maternal separation (MatSep), a well-established model of ELS, has the ability to alter the levels of UPS and ALP components in the brain, and thus has the potential to disrupt proteostasis. The expression of proteostasis-associated protein markers was evaluated by immunoblotting in the hippocampus and cortex of adult Wistar rats that were previously subjected to MatSep. We observed multiple sex- and MatSep-specific changes in the expression of proteins in the ALP, mitophagy, and UPS pathways, particularly in the hippocampus of adult animals. In contrast, MatSep had limited influence on proteostasis marker expression in the cortex of adult animals. Our results indicate that MatSep can selectively modify the intracellular protein degradation machinery in ways that may impact the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Sierra-Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jameel N Hamdan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alexis A Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States
| | - Sonia M Cardenas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sigifredo Saucedo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Gabriel A Lodoza
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kristin L Gosselink
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology and Pathology, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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20
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Pereira GJDS, Leão AHFF, Erustes AG, Morais IBDM, Vrechi TADM, Zamarioli LDS, Pereira CAS, Marchioro LDO, Sperandio LP, Lins ÍVF, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Reckziegel P, Smaili SS, Bincoletto C. Pharmacological Modulators of Autophagy as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4067. [PMID: 33920748 PMCID: PMC8071111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of coronaviruses (CoVs) uses the autophagy machinery of host cells to promote their growth and replication; thus, this process stands out as a potential target to combat COVID-19. Considering the different roles of autophagy during viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review, we discuss several clinically used drugs that have effects at different stages of autophagy. Among them, we mention (1) lysosomotropic agents, which can prevent CoVs infection by alkalinizing the acid pH in the endolysosomal system, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, artemisinins, two-pore channel modulators and imatinib; (2) protease inhibitors that can inhibit the proteolytic cleavage of the spike CoVs protein, which is necessary for viral entry into host cells, such as camostat mesylate, lopinavir, umifenovir and teicoplanin and (3) modulators of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, such as rapamycin, heparin, glucocorticoids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (IECAs) and cannabidiol. Thus, this review aims to highlight and discuss autophagy-related drugs for COVID-19, from in vitro to in vivo studies. We identified specific compounds that may modulate autophagy and exhibit antiviral properties. We hope that research initiatives and efforts will identify novel or "off-label" drugs that can be used to effectively treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, reducing the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo José da Silva Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Anderson Henrique França Figueredo Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ingrid Beatriz de Melo Morais
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Talita Aparecida de Moraes Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Lucas dos Santos Zamarioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Cássia Arruda Souza Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Laís de Oliveira Marchioro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ísis Valeska Freire Lins
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘La Zaro Spallanzani’, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘La Zaro Spallanzani’, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil; (A.H.F.F.L.); (A.G.E.); (I.B.d.M.M.); (T.A.d.M.V.); (L.d.S.Z.); (C.A.S.P.); (L.d.O.M.); (L.P.S.); (Í.V.F.L.); (P.R.); (S.S.S.); (C.B.)
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21
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Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective anti-viral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Zahir Idid
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia
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22
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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23
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Cao S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. Deficiency of the oxidative stress-responsive kinase p70S6K1 restores autophagy and ameliorates neural tube defects in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:753.e1-753.e14. [PMID: 32416155 PMCID: PMC7609618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is highly active in neuroepithelial cells of the developing neuroepithelium, and impairment of autophagy leads to neural tube defects. In this study, we have found that maternal diabetes suppresses autophagy that leads to neural tube defects and consequent cellular imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum where critical events occur, leading to the induction of diabetic embryopathy. Because the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses autophagy, we hypothesized that 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), a major downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy in the developing neuroepithelium. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether p70S6K1 mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy during neurulation. We also examined whether p70S6K1 deficiency restores autophagy and therefore relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis, which leads to reduction in neural tube defect incidence in diabetic embryopathy. STUDY DESIGN Female p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice were bred with male p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice to generate wild-type (WT), p70S6K1+/- and p70S6K1 knockout (p70S6K1-/-) embryos. Embryos at embryonic day 8.5 were harvested for the assessment of indices of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Neural tube defect incidence in embryos was determined at embryonic day 10.5. For in vitro studies, small interfering RNA knockdown of p70S6K1 in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells was used to determine the effect of p70S6K1 deficiency on autophagy impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress under high glucose conditions. RESULTS Knockout of the Rps6kb1 gene, which encodes for p70S6K1, ameliorated maternal diabetes-induced NTDs and restored autophagosome formation in neuroepithelial cells suppressed by maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes-suppressed conversion of LC3-I (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) to LC3-II, an index of autophagic activity, in neurulation stage embryos was abrogated in the absence of p70S6K1. p70S6K1 knockdown in neural stem cells also restored autophagosome formation and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The activation of the major unfolded protein response, indicated by phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein, were induced by maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro. Unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by maternal diabetes or high glucose were reduced by Rps6kb1 deletion or p70S6K1 knockdown, respectively. Rps6kb1 knockout blocked maternal diabetes-induced caspase cleavage and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol abolished high glucose-induced p70S6K1 activation. CONCLUSION The study revealed the critical involvement of p70S6K1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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24
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Chadha S, Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar A, Kaur R, Venkatachalam T, Gupta A, Kandhwal M, Chandel D. Focus on the Multimodal Role of Autophagy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2020; 44:1-12. [PMID: 32954452 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy exerts its dual role in eukaryotic cells and exerts its cytoprotective action through degradation mechanism and by regulating catabolic processes which results in elimination of pathogens. Under suitable conditions, autophagy is associated with recycling of cytoplasmic components which causes regeneration of energy whereas deregulated autophagy exerts its implicated role in development and pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The immune, innate, and adaptive responses are regulated through the development, proliferation, and growth of lymphocytes. Such innate and adaptive responses can act as mediator of arthritis; along with this, stimulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption takes place via transferring citrullinated peptides towards MHC (major histocompatibility complex) compartments, thereby resulting in degradation of bone. Processes such as apoptosis resistance are also regulated through autophagy. In this review, the current knowledge based on role of autophagy in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is summarized along with proteins associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Mimansa Kandhwal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Chandel
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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25
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CDC20 Knockdown and Acidic Microenvironment Collaboratively Promote Tumorigenesis through Inhibiting Autophagy and Apoptosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:94-106. [PMID: 32322666 PMCID: PMC7163048 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reconstitution of the tumorigenesis process would shed light on the tumor development study and further drug selection strategies. To construct a tumorigenesis model and explore potential mechanism is of great importance. In our study, we observed that CDC20-knockdown cells cultured in acidic environment exhibited chromosomal instability and better survival ability. The tumorigenic metabolism transformation was confirmed through the increase of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and decrease of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in CDC20-knockdown cells. After a long-term culture for 3–4 months, CDC20-knockdown cells in acidic medium showed a strong tumor formation ability by subcutaneous injection into mice that is similar to that of tumor cells. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis of cells from different stages showed that stage D cells almost resembled the phenotype of immortal cancer cells. The oncogene accumulation laid a firm foundation in the development of the tumorigenesis process by suppressing autophagy and p53-induced apoptosis. Several autophage- and apoptosis-related genes showed inhibition during this tumorigenesis process. In summary, chromosomal instability induced by CDC20 knockdown and acidic microenvironment could collaboratively promote cell tumorigenesis through the downregulation of autophagy and apoptosis.
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26
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Rahman MT. Potential benefits of combination of Nigella sativa and Zn supplements to treat COVID-19. J Herb Med 2020; 23:100382. [PMID: 32834942 PMCID: PMC7313527 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic while there is no specific medicine against its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. As an complementary medicine Nigella sativa (black seed) could be considered for its bioactive components such as thymoquinone which was proven to have anti-viral activity. Further benefits to use N. sativa could be augmented by Zn supplement. Notably, Zn has been proven to improve innate and adaptive immunity in course of microbial infection. The effectiveness of the Zn salt supplement can be enhanced with N. sativa as its major bioactive component might work as ionophore to allow Zn2+ to enter pneumocytes and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by stopping its replicase enzyme system.
An effective vaccine to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 is yet to be approved. Further there is no drug that is specific to treat COVID-19. A number of antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Azithromycin and Doxycycline have been recommended or are being used to treat COVID-19 patients. In addition to these drugs, rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine to treat COVID-19, arguably with certain precautions and criticism. In line with the proposed use of chloroquine, Nigella sativa (black seed) could be considered as a natural substitute that contains a number of bioactive components such as thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and nigellimine. Further benefits to use N. sativa could be augmented by Zn supplement. Notably, Zn has been proven to improve innate and adaptive immunity in the course of any infection, be it by pathogenic virus or bacteria. The effectiveness of the Zn salt supplement could also be enhanced with N. sativa as its major bioactive component might work as ionophore to allow Zn2+ to enter pneumocytes – the target cell for SARSCoV-2. Given those benefits, this review paper describes how N. sativa in combination with Zn could be useful as a complement to COVID-19 treatment.
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27
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Cao DS, Jiang SL, Guan YD, Chen XS, Zhang LX, Zhang Y, Chen AF, Yang JM, Cheng Y. A multi-scale systems pharmacology approach uncovers the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of Ixabepilone. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112421. [PMID: 32428794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been realized that FDA approved drugs may have more molecular targets than is commonly thought. Thus, to find the exact drug-target interactions (DTIs) is of great significance for exploring the new molecular mechanism of drugs. Here, we developed a multi-scale system pharmacology (MSSP) method for the large-scale prediction of DTIs. We used MSSP to integrate drug-related and target-related data from multiple levels, the network structural data formed by known drug-target relationships for predicting likely unknown DTIs. Prediction results revealed that Ixabepilone, an epothilone B analog for treating breast cancer patients, may target Bcl-2, an oncogene that contributes to tumor progression and therapy resistance by inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ixabepilone could bind with Bcl-2 and decrease its protein expression in breast cancer cells. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 by Ixabepilone is resulted from promoting its degradation by affecting p-Bcl-2. We further found that Ixabepilone could induce autophagy by releasing Beclin1 from Beclin1/Bcl-2 complex. Inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of Beclin1 or pharmacological inhibitor augmented apoptosis, thus enhancing the antitumor efficacy of Ixabepilone against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Ixabepilone also decreases Bcl-2 protein expression and induces cytoprotective autophagy in human hepatic carcinoma and glioma cells. In conclusion, this study not only provides a feasible and alternative way exploring new molecular mechanisms of drugs by combing computation DTI prediction, but also reveals an effective strategy to reinforce the antitumor efficacy of Ixabepilone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shi-Long Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yi-Di Guan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xi-Sha Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Liu-Xia Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 215000, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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28
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Ajoolabady A, Aghanejad A, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Aslkhodapasandhukmabad H, Abhari A, Ren J. Enzyme-based autophagy in anti-neoplastic management: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188366. [PMID: 32339608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-cannibalization process commonly found in all eukaryotic cells. Through autophagy, long-lived or damaged organelles, superfluous proteins, and pathogens are sequestered and encapsulated into the double-membrane autophagosomes prior to fusion with lysosomes for ultimate degradation and recycling. Given that autophagy is deemed both protective and detrimental in malignancies, the clinical therapeutic utilization of autophagy modulators in cancer has attracted immense attentions over the past decades. Dependence of tumor cells on autophagy during amino acid insufficiency or deprivation has prompted us to explore the underlying autophagy regulatory mechanisms to inject amino acid degrading enzymes and enzyme-based strategies into therapeutic maneuvers of autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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29
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Yang N, Shen HM. Targeting the Endocytic Pathway and Autophagy Process as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1724-1731. [PMID: 32226290 PMCID: PMC7098027 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of enveloped, single-stranded positive genomic RNA viruses and some of them are known to cause severe respiratory diseases in human, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). One key element in viral infection is the process of viral entry into the host cells. In the last two decades, there is increasing understanding on the importance of the endocytic pathway and the autophagy process in viral entry and replication. As a result, the endocytic pathway including endosome and lysosome has become important targets for development of therapeutic strategies in combating diseases caused by CoVs. In this mini-review, we will focus on the importance of the endocytic pathway as well as the autophagy process in viral infection of several pathogenic CoVs inclusive of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the new CoV named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and discuss the development of therapeutic agents by targeting these processes. Such knowledge will provide important clues for control of the ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211800, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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30
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Adhikari M, Adhikari B, Ghimire B, Baboota S, Choi EH. Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Silymarin Nanoemulsion Activate Autophagy in Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061939. [PMID: 32178401 PMCID: PMC7139470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy is reported as a survival or death-promoting pathway that is highly debatable in different kinds of cancer. Here, we examined the co-effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SN) treatment on G-361 human melanoma cells via autophagy induction. Methods: The temperature and pH of the media, along with the cell number, were evaluated. The intracellular glucose level and PI3K/mTOR and EGFR downstream pathways were assessed. Autophagy-related genes, related transcriptional factors, and autophagy induction were estimated using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Results: CAP treatment increased the temperature and pH of the media, while its combination with SN resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP with the downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival and RAS/MEK transcriptional pathways. Co-treatment blocked downstream paths of survival pathways and reduced PI3K (2 times), mTOR (10 times), EGFR (5 times), HRAS (5 times), and MEK (10 times). CAP and SN co-treated treatment modulates transcriptional factor expressions (ZKSCAN3, TFEB, FOXO1, CRTC2, and CREBBP) and specific genes (BECN-1, AMBRA-1, MAP1LC3A, and SQSTM) related to autophagy induction. Conclusion: CAP and SN together activate autophagy in G-361 cells by activating PI3K/mTOR and EGFR pathways, expressing autophagy-related transcription factors and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Bhagirath Ghimire
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.H.C.)
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31
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Khan T, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Magnano S, Zisterer D, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1002-1060. [PMID: 31742748 DOI: 10.1002/med.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC. Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Napoli Federico IL, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Petukhova L, Patel AV, Rigo RK, Bian L, Verbitsky M, Sanna-Cherchi S, Erjavec SO, Abdelaziz AR, Cerise JE, Jabbari A, Christiano AM. Integrative analysis of rare copy number variants and gene expression data in alopecia areata implicates an aetiological role for autophagy. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:243-253. [PMID: 31169925 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease that attacks the hair follicle and leads to hair loss that can range from small patches to complete loss of scalp and body hair. Our previous linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) generated strong evidence for aetiological contributions from inherited genetic variants at different population frequencies, including both rare mutations and common polymorphisms. Additionally, we conducted gene expression (GE) studies on scalp biopsies of 96 patients and controls to establish signatures of active disease. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis on these two datasets to test the hypothesis that rare CNVs in patients with AA could be leveraged to identify drivers of disease in our AA GE signatures. We analysed copy number variants (CNVs) in a case-control cohort of 673 patients with AA and 16 311 controls independent of the case-control cohort of 96 research participants used in our GE study. Using an integrative computational analysis, we identified 14 genes whose expression levels were altered by CNVs in a consistent direction of effect, corresponding to gene expression changes in lesional skin of patients. Four of these genes were affected by CNVs in three or more unrelated patients with AA, including ATG4B and SMARCA2, which are involved in autophagy and chromatin remodelling, respectively. Our findings identified new classes of genes with potential contributions to AA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aakash V Patel
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rachel K Rigo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Verbitsky
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie O Erjavec
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alexa R Abdelaziz
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jane E Cerise
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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33
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Wang G, Xue Y, Wang Y, Dong F, Shen M, Zong R, Liu Z, Li C. The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of exposure keratitis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4217-4228. [PMID: 30973208 PMCID: PMC6533494 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete tear film spreading and eyelid closure can cause defective renewal of the ocular surface and air exposure-induced epithelial keratopathy (EK). In this study, we characterized the role of autophagy in mediating the ocular surface changes leading to EK. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and C57BL/6 mice were employed as EK models, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluated changes in HCECs after air exposure. Each of these models was treated with either an autophagy inhibitor [chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA)] or activator [Rapamycin (Rapa)]. Immunohistochemistry assessed autophagy-related proteins, LC3 and p62 expression levels. Western blotting confirmed the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins [Beclin1 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)], the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins (PERK, eIF2α and CHOP) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) determined IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP9 gene expression levels. The TUNEL assay detected apoptotic cells. TEM identified autophagic vacuoles in both EK models. Increased LC3 puncta formation and decreased p62 immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting confirmed autophagy induction. CQ treatment increased TUNEL positive staining in HCECs, while Rapa had an opposite effect. Similarly, CQ injection enhanced air exposure-induced apoptosis and inflammation in the mouse corneal epithelium, which was inhibited by Rapa treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylation status of PERK and eIF2α and CHOP expression increased in both EK models indicating that ER stress-induced autophagy promoted cell survival. Taken together, air exposure-induced autophagy is indispensable for the maintenance of corneal epithelial physiology and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Mei Shen
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China
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Moura J, Madureira P, Leal EC, Fonseca AC, Carvalho E. Immune aging in diabetes and its implications in wound healing. Clin Immunol 2019; 200:43-54. [PMID: 30735729 PMCID: PMC7322932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune systems have evolved to recognize and eliminate pathogens and damaged cells. In humans, it is estimated to recognize 109 epitopes and natural selection ensures that clonally expanded cells replace unstimulated cells and overall immune cell numbers remain stationary. But, with age, it faces continuous repertoire restriction and concomitant accumulation of primed cells. Changes shaping the aging immune system have bitter consequences because, as inflammatory responses gain intensity and duration, tissue-damaging immunity and inflammatory disease arise. During inflammation, the glycolytic flux cannot cope with increasing ATP demands, limiting the immune response's extent. In diabetes, higher glucose availability stretches the glycolytic limit, dysregulating proteostasis and increasing T-cell expansion. Long-term hyperglycemia exerts an accumulating effect, leading to higher inflammatory cytokine levels and increased cytotoxic mediator secretion upon infection, a phenomenon known as diabetic chronic inflammation. Here we review the etiology of diabetic chronic inflammation and its consequences on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Madureira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Immunethep, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - E C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Fonseca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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35
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Pharmacological Targeting of Pore-Forming Toxins as Adjunctive Therapy for Invasive Bacterial Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120542. [PMID: 30562923 PMCID: PMC6316385 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For many of the most important human bacterial infections, invasive disease severity is fueled by the cell damaging and pro-inflammatory effects of secreted pore-forming toxins (PFTs). Isogenic PFT-knockout mutants, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus lacking α-toxin or Streptococcus pneumoniae deficient in pneumolysin, show attenuation in animal infection models. This knowledge has inspired multi-model investigations of strategies to neutralize PFTs or counteract their toxicity as a novel pharmacological approach to ameliorate disease pathogenesis in clinical disease. Promising examples of small molecule, antibody or nanotherapeutic drug candidates that directly bind and neutralize PFTs, block their oligomerization or membrane receptor interactions, plug establishment membrane pores, or boost host cell resiliency to withstand PFT action have emerged. The present review highlights these new concepts, with a special focus on β-PFTs produced by leading invasive human Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Such anti-virulence therapies could be applied as an adjunctive therapy to antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant strains alike, and further could be free of deleterious effects that deplete the normal microflora.
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36
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The induction of apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells by an iridium(III) complex through lysosome–mitochondria pathway. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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The role of autophagy in morphogenesis and stem cell maintenance. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:721-732. [PMID: 30382373 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells need to undergo a number of morphological changes that are decisive for the shaping of the embryo's body, initiating organogenesis and differentiation into functional tissues. These remodeling processes are accompanied by profound changes in the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton, organelles, and extracellular matrix composition. While considerably detailed insight into the role of autophagy in stem cells biology has been gained in the recent years, information regarding the participation of autophagy in morphogenetic processes is only sparse. This review, therefore, focuses on the role of autophagy in cell morphogenesis through its regulatory activity in TGFβ signaling, expression of adhesion molecules and cell cycle modification. It also discusses the role of autophagy in stem cell maintenance which is very fundamental for cell renewal and replacement during development, pathogenesis of certain diseases and development of therapies. We are thus addressing here perspectives for further potentially rewarding research topics.
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38
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Labu ZK, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. Autophagic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Cellular and molecular mechanistic approaches to halt Alzheimer's pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8094-8112. [PMID: 30362531 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a preserved cytoplasmic self-degradation process and endorses recycling of intracellular constituents into bioenergetics for the controlling of cellular homeostasis. Functional autophagy process is essential in eliminating cytoplasmic waste components and helps in the recycling of some of its constituents. Studies have revealed that neurodegenerative disorders may be caused by mutations in autophagy-related genes and alterations of autophagic flux. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irrevocable deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the hippocampus and cortex. In the central nervous system of healthy people, there is no accretion of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides due to the balance between generation and degradation of Aβ. However, for AD patients, the generation of Aβ peptides is higher than lysis that causes accretion of Aβ. Likewise, the maturation of autophagolysosomes and inhibition of their retrograde transport creates favorable conditions for Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, increasing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling raises tau levels as well as phosphorylation. Alteration of mTOR activity occurs in the early stage of AD. In addition, copious evidence links autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction in AD. Compromised mitophagy is also accountable for dysfunctional mitochondria that raises Alzheimer's pathology. Therefore, autophagic dysfunction might lead to the deposit of atypical proteins in the AD brain and manipulation of autophagy could be considered as an emerging therapeutic target. This review highlights the critical linkage of autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD, and avows a new insight to search for therapeutic target for blocking Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zubair Khalid Labu
- Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Langer R, Neppl C, Keller MD, Schmid RA, Tschan MP, Berezowska S. Expression Analysis of Autophagy Related Markers LC3B, p62 and HMGB1 Indicate an Autophagy-Independent Negative Prognostic Impact of High p62 Expression in Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090281. [PMID: 30134604 PMCID: PMC6162479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. It also plays an important role in various diseases including cancer. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (pSQCC) at present lack targetable molecular alterations, and demand alternative therapeutic options. We assessed the expression levels of autophagy related proteins LC3B, p62, and HMGB1 in 271 primary resected pSQCC by immunohistochemistry, in correlation with clinical and pathological parameters, as a rationale for a potential autophagy directed therapy. LC3B, p62, and HMGB1 staining showed various patterns. LC3Bhighp62low levels, suggested to indicate intact activated autophagy, were associated with prolonged disease specific survival (DSS) and LC3Bhighp62high levels, indicating activated but late stage impaired autophagy, with shorter DSS (p = 0.024). p62high expression regardless of LC3B, however, showed an even stronger association with shorter DSS (p = 0.015) and was also an independent negative prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.99; 95% CI 1.38–6.52; p = 0.006). HMGB1 expression correlated neither with the expression of LC3B and p62, nor with patients’ outcome. Different states of autophagy characterized by distinct p62 and LC3B expression patterns may be linked to patient’s prognosis in pSQCC. Our results, however, point also to an autophagy independent role of p62 with an even more pronounced prognostic impact compared to autophagy related p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christina Neppl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel D Keller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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40
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Zeinvand-Lorestani M, Kalantari H, Khodayar MJ, Teimoori A, Saki N, Ahangarpour A, Rahim F, Alboghobeish S. Autophagy upregulation as a possible mechanism of arsenic induced diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11960. [PMID: 30097599 PMCID: PMC6086829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by high fat diet (HFD) in combination with arsenic (As) exposure (pronounced glucose intolerance despite a significant decrease in insulin resistance) are different from those expected for T2DM. Autophagy has been considered as a possible link between insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore in this study, we utilized autophagy gene expression profiling via real-time RT-PCR array analysis in livers of NMRI mice exposed to an environmentally relevant and minimally cytotoxic concentration of arsenite (50 ppm) in drinking water while being fed with a HFD for 20 weeks. Out of 84 genes associated with autophagy under study, 21 genes were related to autophagy machinery components of which 13 genes were downregulated when HDF diet was applied. In this study, for the first time, it was shown that the exposure to arsenic in the livers of mice chronically fed with HFD along with increased oxidative stress resulted in the restoration of autophagy [upregulation of genes involved in the early phase of phagophore formation, phagophore expansion and autophagosome-lysosome linkage stages]. Considering the role of arsenic in the induction of autophagy; it can be argued that reduced insulin resistance in HFD - As induced diabetes may be mediated by autophagy upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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41
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Yang X, Xu S, Su Y, Chen B, Yuan H, Xu A, Wu L. Autophagy-Src Regulates Connexin43-Mediated Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in Irradiated HepG2 Cells. Radiat Res 2018; 190:494-503. [PMID: 30095367 DOI: 10.1667/rr15073.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Connexin molecules are an important component of the gap junction, with connexin43 (Cx43) being the most abundantly expressed type. Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinase that affects Cx43 activity by multiple mechanisms. However, it is not clear how Src regulates Cx43 to influence radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs). In this study, we demonstrated that Cx43 on Tyr265 was phosphorylated by activated Src in α-irradiated HepG2 cells, with the total expression of Cx43 unchanged. After inhibition of Cx43 phosphorylation in irradiated cells, the frequency of γ-H2AX foci formation in adjacent nonirradiated bystander cells was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, this study showed that autophagy regulated the activity of Src and phosphorylation of Cx43, and the level of autophagy was correlated with the radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that ROS and autophagy play an important role in regulating the Src-Cx43 axis to affect the RIBEs. Our findings provide new insights into the Cx43-mediated gap junction intercellular communication, as well as the underlying mechanism of RIBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Yang
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,d Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yao Su
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Chen
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,b University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,d Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - An Xu
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,d Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- a Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,c Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601.,d Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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42
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Thrasher PR, Scofield SLC, Dalal S, Crawford CC, Singh M, Singh K. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase deficiency impairs the autophagic response early during myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H48-H57. [PMID: 29652546 PMCID: PMC6087781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is activated in response to DNA damage. We have previously shown that ATM plays a critical role in myocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that ATM deficiency results in autophagic impairment in the heart early during MI. MI was induced in wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Structural and biochemical parameters of the heart were measured 4 h after left anterior descending artery ligation. M-mode echocardiography revealed that MI worsens heart function, as evidenced by reduced percent ejection fraction and fractional shortening in both groups. However, MI-induced increase in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and volumes were significantly lower in hKO hearts. ATM deficiency resulted in autophagic impairment during MI, as evidenced by decreased microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II increased p62, decreased cathepsin D protein levels, and increased aggresome accumulation. ERK1/2 activation was only observed in WT-MI hearts. Activation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was lower, whereas activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was higher in hKO-MI hearts. Inhibition of ATM using KU-55933 resulted in autophagic impairment in cardiac fibroblasts, as evidenced by decreased light chain 3-II protein levels and formation of acidic vesicular organelles. This impairment was associated with decreased activation of Akt and AMPK but enhanced activation of GSK-3β and mTOR in KU-55933-treated fibroblasts. Thus, ATM deficiency results in autophagic impairment in the heart during MI and cardiac fibroblasts. This autophagic impairment may occur via the activation of GSK-3β and mTOR and inactivation of Akt and AMPK. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) plays a critical role in myocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we provide evidence that ATM deficiency results in autophagic impairment during MI. Further investigation of the role of ATM in autophagy post-MI may provide novel therapeutic targets for patients with ataxia telangiectasia suffering from heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy R Thrasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Claire C Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee
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43
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Vinatier C, Domínguez E, Guicheux J, Caramés B. Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29988615 PMCID: PMC6026810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease causing chronic disability in adults. Studying cartilage aging, chondrocyte senescence, inflammation, and autophagy mechanisms have identified promising targets and pathways with clinical translatability potential. In this review, we highlight the most recent mechanistic and therapeutic preclinical models of aging with particular relevance in the context of articular cartilage and OA. Evidence supporting the role of metabolism, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, cell senescence, and circadian rhythms in the development of musculoskeletal system degeneration assure further translational efforts. This information might be useful not only to propose hypothesis and advanced models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying joint degeneration, but also to translate our knowledge into novel disease-modifying therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinatier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Eduardo Domínguez
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Beatriz Caramés
- Grupo de Biología del Cartílago, Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain
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44
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Li H, Song Y, He Z, Chen X, Wu X, Li X, Bai X, Liu W, Li B, Wang S, Han Y, Xu L, Zhang D, Li J, Chai R, Wang H, Fan Z. Meclofenamic Acid Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Apoptosis, Inhibits Excessive Autophagy, and Protects Hair Cell-Like HEI-OC1 Cells From Cisplatin-Induced Damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:139. [PMID: 29875633 PMCID: PMC5974247 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in humans, and a significant number of cases is due to the ototoxicity of drugs such as cisplatin that cause hair cell (HC) damage. Thus, there is great interest in finding agents and mechanisms that protect HCs from ototoxic drug damage. It has been proposed that epigenetic modifications are related to inner ear development and play a significant role in HC protection and HC regeneration; however, whether the m6A modification and the ethyl ester form of meclofenamic acid (MA2), which is a highly selective inhibitor of FTO (fatmass and obesity-associated enzyme, one of the primary human demethylases), can affect the process of HC apoptosis induced by ototoxic drugs remains largely unexplored. In this study, we took advantage of the HEI-OC1 cell line, which is a cochlear HC-like cell line, to investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in cisplatin-induced cell death. We found that cisplatin injury caused reactive oxygen species accumulation and increased apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells, and the cisplatin injury was reduced by co-treatment with MA2 compared to the cisplatin-only group. Further investigation showed that MA2 attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. We next found that the cisplatin-induced upregulation of autophagy was significantly inhibited after MA2 treatment, indicating that MA2 inhibited the cisplatin-induced excessive autophagy. Our findings show that MA2 has a protective effect and improves the viability of HEI-OC1 cells after cisplatin treatment, and they provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianmin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Boqin Li
- Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yuechen Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daogong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China.,Institute of Eye and ENT, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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45
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Sensitization of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells by Z-ligustilide through inhibiting autophagy and accumulating DNA damages. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29300-29317. [PMID: 28431397 PMCID: PMC5438731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a pro-survival role in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Herein we found that autophagy was concomitantly induced in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7TR5) cells through the dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin 1 and subsequent enhancement of interaction among the ATG14-Beclin1-PI3KC3 complex. Moreover, higher level of DNA damage was observed in MCF-7TR5 cells with the decreased BRCA1 and RAD51 level and the increased Ku80 level. Interestingly, Nur77 was selectively degraded by autophagy, which causes the release of Ku80 from the Nur77-Ku80 complex, resulting in the increase of the DNA binding of Ku80 and DNA-PKcs. Meanwhile, Z-ligustilide, a phthalide compound from Radix Angelica sinensis, was shown to inhibit the autophagic flux by blocking the autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Importantly, Z-ligustilide-mediated autophagy inhibition restored Nur77 expression in MCF-7TR5 cells. Furthermore, Z-ligustilide promoted the interaction of Nur77 with Ku80 and thereby abolished the association of DNA-PKcs with DNA ends. Moreover, Z-ligustilide sensitized MCF-7TR5 cells in a caspase-independent cell death and enhanced the DNA damage caused by tamoxifen, which was found to be attenuated by shNur77. Together, these findings not only provide important insights into the formation of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells, but also suggest Z-ligustilide may function as a novel autophagy inhibitor to overcome chemoresistance.
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46
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Esterline RL, Vaag A, Oscarsson J, Vora J. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: SGLT2 inhibitors: clinical benefits by restoration of normal diurnal metabolism? Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R113-R125. [PMID: 29371333 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with inhibition of autophagic and lysosomal housekeeping processes that detrimentally affect key organ functioning; a process likely to be exacerbated by conventional insulin-driven anabolic therapies. We propose that the cardio-renal benefits demonstrated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment in T2D partly may be explained by their ability to drive consistent, overnight periods of increased catabolism brought about by constant glucosuria. Key steps driving this catabolic mechanism include: a raised glucagon/insulin ratio initially depleting glycogen in the liver and ultimately activating gluconeogenesis utilizing circulating amino acids (AAs); a general fuel switch from glucose to free fatty acids (accompanied by a change in mitochondrial morphology from a fission to a sustained fusion state driven by a decrease in AA levels); a decrease in circulating AAs and insulin driving inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which enhances autophagy/lysosomal degradation of dysfunctional organelles, eventually causing a change in mitochondrial morphology from a fission to a sustained fusion state. Resumption of eating in the morning restores anabolic biogenesis of new and fully functional organelles and proteins. Restoration of diurnal metabolic rhythms and flexibility by SGLT2is may have therapeutic implications beyond those already demonstrated for the cardio-renal axis and may therefore affect other non-diabetes disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD) Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiten Vora
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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47
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Berberine induces autophagy in glioblastoma by targeting the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66944-66958. [PMID: 27557493 PMCID: PMC5341849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Previous studies have shown that berberine (BBR), a natural plant alkaloid, has potent anti-tumor activity. However, the mechanisms leading to cancer cell death have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we show that BBR has profound effects on the metabolic state of GBM cells, leading to high autophagy flux and impaired glycolytic capacity. Functionally, these alterations reduce the invasive properties, proliferative potential and induce apoptotic cell death. The molecular alterations preceding these changes are characterized by inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that BBR significantly reduces tumor growth in vivo, demonstrating the potential clinical benefits for autophagy modulating plant alkaloids in cancer therapy.
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48
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Tol MJ, van der Lienden MJC, Gabriel TL, Hagen JJ, Scheij S, Veenendaal T, Klumperman J, Donker-Koopman WE, Verhoeven AJ, Overkleeft H, Aerts JM, Argmann CA, van Eijk M. HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution. Autophagy 2018; 14:437-449. [PMID: 29455584 PMCID: PMC5915011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1419118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of “master lysosomal regulators”. Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members–TFEB, TFE3 and MITF–from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Tol
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | - Tanit L Gabriel
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Saskia Scheij
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Donker-Koopman
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco van Eijk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
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49
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Yang W, Li L, Huang X, Kan G, Lin L, Cheng J, Xu C, Sun W, Cong W, Zhao S, Cui S. Levels of Leydig cell autophagy regulate the fertility of male naked mole-rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98677-98690. [PMID: 29228719 PMCID: PMC5716759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertility is abolished in nonbreeding males in colonies of natal naked mole-rats (NMRs). Although spermatogenesis occurs in both breeding and nonbreeding male NMRs, the mechanisms underlying the differences in fertility between breeders and nonbreeders remain unexplored. In this study, a significant decrease in autophagy was observed in Leydig cells of the testis from nonbreeding male NMRs. This alteration was visualised as a significant decrease in the levels of autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), Atg5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/B light chain 3 (LC3-II/I) and the number of autophagosomes and an increase in P62 levels using Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and Western blot analyses revealed that testosterone production decreased in nonbreeding male NMR Leydig cells, this decrease was associated with a reduction in autophagy. Primary Leydig cells from breeding and nonbreeding male NMRs were processed to investigate the effect of an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA, 3-methyladenine) or an autophagy activator (rapamycin) on testosterone production. Rapamycin induced an increase in testosterone production in NMR Leydig cells, whereas 3-MA had the opposite effect. Consequently, spermatogenesis, the weight of the testis, and androgen levels were dramatically reduced in nonbreeding male NMRs. While rapamycin treatment restored the fertility of nonbreeding male NMRs. Based on these results, inadequate autophagy correlates with a decrease in steroid production in nonbreeding male NMR Leydig cells, which may ultimately influence the spermatogenesis and fertilities of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Training, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Medical Record Department, Ministry of Information, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jishuai Cheng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanmin Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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50
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He Z, Guo L, Shu Y, Fang Q, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu D, Lu L, Zhang X, Ding X, Liu D, Tang M, Kong W, Sha S, Li H, Gao X, Chai R. Autophagy protects auditory hair cells against neomycin-induced damage. Autophagy 2017; 13:1884-1904. [PMID: 28968134 PMCID: PMC5788479 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1359449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are toxic to sensory hair cells (HCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential and highly conserved self-digestion pathway that plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular function and viability under stress. However, the role of autophagy in aminoglycoside-induced HC injury is unknown. Here, we first found that autophagy activity was significantly increased, including enhanced autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin or gentamicin injury, suggesting that autophagy might be correlated with aminoglycoside-induced cell death. We then used rapamycin, an autophagy activator, to increase the autophagy activity and found that the ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death were significantly decreased after neomycin or gentamicin injury. In contrast, treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or knockdown of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins resulted in reduced autophagy activity and significantly increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death after neomycin or gentamicin injury. Finally, after neomycin injury, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could successfully prevent the increased apoptosis and HC loss induced by 3-MA treatment or ATG knockdown, suggesting that autophagy protects against neomycin-induced HC damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. We also found that the dysfunctional mitochondria were not eliminated by selective autophagy (mitophagy) in HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin treatment, suggesting that autophagy might not directly target the damaged mitochondria for degradation. This study demonstrates that moderate ROS levels can promote autophagy to recycle damaged cellular constituents and maintain cellular homeostasis, while the induction of autophagy can inhibit apoptosis and protect the HCs by suppressing ROS accumulation after aminoglycoside injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingna Guo
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yilai Shu
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Han Zhou
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Yongze Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Dingding Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Ling Lu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ding
- g Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong Liu
- c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Weijia Kong
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Suhua Sha
- h Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Huawei Li
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Xia Gao
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
| | - Renjie Chai
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
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