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Bathish Y, Tuvia N, Eshel E, Tal Lange T, Sigrid Eberhardt C, Edelstein M, Abu-Jabal K. B and T cell responses to the 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in dialysis patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2292376. [PMID: 38191151 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2292376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients on dialysis (PoD) are at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Characterizing long-term vaccine immune responses in these patients will help optimize vaccine schedule for PoD. This study aimed to determine whether long-term humoral and B and T cell-responses post 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine differed between PoD and controls. Non-infected PoD and controls vaccinated with BNT162b2 were recruited in Ziv Medical Center, Israel, between 2021 and 2022. Specimens were collected 1-2 months pre 3rd dose; 1-3 months post 3rd dose; 4-5 months post 3rd dose and 3-5 months post the 4th dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (spike) specific antibodies, spike specific memory B cells, and spike specific CD154+ T cells as well as cytokines producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were measured using standardized assays and compared between PoD and controls at each time point using Mann Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. We recruited 22 PoD and 20 controls. Antibody levels in PoD were lower compared to controls pre 3rd dose but not post 3rd and 4th doses. Frequencies of spike specific memory B cell populations were similar between PoD and controls overall. Frequencies of spike specific T cells, including those producing IFNγ and TNFα, were not lower in PoD. B and T cell mediated immune response in PoD following a 3rd and a 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was not inferior to controls up to 5 months post vaccination. Our results suggest that standard BNT162b2 vaccination is suitable for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bathish
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Edelstein
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Kamal Abu-Jabal
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Li J, Xu J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yu L, Xiao X, Wang Q. Factors influencing antibody response after COVID-19 recombinant protein vaccination in adults: A cross-sectional observational study, in Chongqing, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2389602. [PMID: 39171541 PMCID: PMC11346555 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2389602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The factors affecting the antibody responses to the ZF2001 vaccine remain unknown. To address this, we conducted a cross-sectional serological study in the real world. Adults with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection history and received three doses of ZF2001 vaccine were invited to our study in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing between 7 April 2021 and 17 November 2021. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain demographic characteristics, health information, and the frequency of lifestyles at the time of enrollment. A total of 266 eligible subjects aged 18 to 86 years, with a median age of 56.00 (IQR: 34-66) participated. 68.80% of them were female. Hypertension (13.16%) and diabetes (6.02%) were common comorbidities. Serum samples were collected at one month after the third dose of ZF2001 vaccination, and serological testing was conducted using the Pseudovirus-Based Neutralization Assay. The chi-square test was employed to compare seropositivity rates, and the Mann-Whitney U test or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the neutralizing antibodies level in stratified groups. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the influencing factors. We observed that seropositivity rates was 76.32%, with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 70.85%-81.03%, and geometric mean titer (GMT) was 120.26, with 95%CI 100.38-144.08. Age, diabetes, and frequently of alcohol were negative associations with antibody response (β = -0.2021, 95% CI: -0.2507 to -0.1535, β = -0.2873, 95% CI: -0.5590 to -0.0155, β = -0.2082, 95% CI: -0.3419 to-0.0746, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0384, P = 0.0024). Conversely, the -interval between 1 and 2 dose and frequently of tea were positive associations with antibody response (β = 0.1369, 95% CI: 0.0463 to 0.2275, β = 0.0830, 95% CI: 0.0106 to 0.1554, P = 0.0032, P = 0.0247). Overall, the ZF2001 vaccine-induced antibody response was influenced by a multifactor that may provide a reference for the development of personalized antigen vaccines and vaccination strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Li
- Expand Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Expand Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Expand Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Expand Program on Immunization, Yuzhong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Expand Program on Immunization, Yubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Expand Program on Immunization, Jiulongpo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Expand Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
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Baig MMFA, Wong LY, Wu H. Development of mRNA nano-vaccines for COVID-19 prevention and its biochemical interactions with various disease conditions and age groups. J Drug Target 2024; 32:21-32. [PMID: 38010097 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2288996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This review has focused on the development of mRNA nano-vaccine and the biochemical interactions of anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines with various disease conditions and age groups. It studied five major groups of individuals with different disease conditions and ages, including allergic background, infarction background, adolescent, and adult (youngsters), pregnant women, and elderly. All five groups had been reported to have background-related adverse effects. Allergic background individuals were observed to have higher chances of experiencing allergic reactions and even anaphylaxis. Individuals with an infarction background had a higher risk of vaccine-induced diseases, e.g. pneumonitis and interstitial lung diseases. Pregnant women were seen to suffer from obstetric and gynecological adverse effects after receiving vaccinations. However, interestingly, the elderly individuals (> 65 years old) had experienced milder and less frequent adverse effects compared to the adolescent (<19 and >9 years old) and young adulthood (19-39 years old), or middle adulthood (40-59 years old) age groups, while middle to late adolescent (14-17 years old) was the riskiest age group to vaccine-induced cardiovascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lok Yin Wong
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Younes S, Nicolai E, Younes N, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Nizamuddin PB, Al-Sadeq DW, Daas HI, Ismail A, Yassine HM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Nasrallah GK. Comparable antibody levels in heterologous and homologous mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, with superior neutralizing and IgA antibody responses in mRNA homologous boosting. Vaccine 2024; 42:126042. [PMID: 38845303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priming with two doses of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; ChAd) followed by a third mRNA vaccine boosting is considered in several countries, yet comparisons between heterologous and homologous booster efficacy remain unexplored. AIM To evaluate and contrast the immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous boosting regimens. METHOD The study examined antibody responses in 1113 subjects, comprising 895 vaccine-naïve individuals across different vaccination strategies (partial, primary series, heterologous booster, homologous booster) and 218 unvaccinated, naturally infected individuals. Assessments included neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA levels. RESULTS The study found mRNA vaccines to exhibit superior immunogenicity in primary series vaccination compared to ChAd, with mRNA-1273 significantly enhancing NTAbs, TAbs, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA levels (p < 0.001). Both booster types improved antibody levels beyond primary outcomes, with no significant difference in TAbs and anti-S-RBD IgG levels between regimens. However, homologous mRNA boosters significantly outperformed heterologous boosters in enhancing NTAbs and anti-S1 IgA levels, with the BNT/BNT/BNT regimen yielding particularly higher enhancements (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study concludes that although TAbs and anti-S-RBD IgG antibody levels are similar for both regimens, homologous mRNA boosting outperform heterologous regimen by enhancing anti-S1 IgA and neutralizing antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Parveen B Nizamuddin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanin I Daas
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
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Abukhalil AD, Abushehadeh RR, Shatat SS, Al-Shami N, Naseef HA, Ladadweh H, Madia R. COVID-19 Vaccines Breakthrough Infections and Adverse Effects Reported by the Birzeit University Community in Palestine. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3349-3360. [PMID: 39100722 PMCID: PMC11297544 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s466838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines play an essential role in boosting immunity, preventing severe diseases, and alleviating the Covid-19 health crisis. Objective This study aimed to explore the type and severity of short-term adverse reactions associated with BNT162 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA 1273 (Moderna), and viral vector vaccines and to compare the incidence of post-vaccination Covid-19 infection among the Birzeit University community in Palestine. Methods This questionnaire-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals who were vaccinated with at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine offered in Palestine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included participants aged 18 years and older who were vaccinated with Pfizer, Moderna, Sputnik Light, or Sputnik v. Results A total of 558 participants who were administered COVID-19 vaccine were included in the study. Sputnik (239), Pfizer vaccine recipients (236), and Moderna vaccine recipients (83). Of the viral vector vaccine recipients, 57 (23.8%) had a post-vaccination infection, compared to 30 (12.7%) for Pfizer and seven (8.4%) for Moderna. Furthermore, the reported adverse effects in the viral victor group were higher than those in the Moderna and Pfizer groups (71.7, 66.3, and 61.9%, respectively). Chills, headache, fatigue, abdominal pain, and joint pain were significantly higher in the Viral Vector vaccine group than the Moderna and Pfizer vaccine. Vomiting, tiredness, and fatigue were significantly less likely to be complained of by Pfizer vaccine recipients compared to Moderna and Viral Vector vaccine recipients (p < 0.05). Conclusions Breakthrough infections were associated with both viral vectors and mRNA; however, the mRNA vaccine had less reported post-vaccine infection. Furthermore, the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine group reported fewer commonly reported side effects (fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea, and dizziness), followed by the Moderna and viral vector vaccines. Females and underweight participants experienced more adverse effects with both vaccines, and fewer common side effects were reported by all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Damin Abukhalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Raya Riyad Abushehadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Sireen Sultan Shatat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Ni’meh Al-Shami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Hani A Naseef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Hosniyeh Ladadweh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Raed Madia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
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Gromer DJ, Plikaytis BD, McCullough MP, Wimalasena ST, Rouphael N. The Relationship between Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Using Different Delivery Methods. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:809. [PMID: 39066447 PMCID: PMC11281354 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity depend on recipient and vaccine characteristics. We hypothesized that healthy adults reporting higher reactogenicity from seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) developed higher antibody titers compared with those reporting lower reactogenicity. We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized phase 1 trial of a trivalent IIV delivered by microneedle patch (MNP) or intramuscular (IM) injection. We created composite reactogenicity scores as exposure variables and used hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers as outcome variables. We used mixed-model analysis of variance to estimate geometric mean titers (GMTs) and titer fold change and modified Poisson generalized estimating equations to estimate risk ratios of seroprotection and seroconversion. Estimates of H3N2 GMTs were associated with the Systemic and Local scores among the IM group. Within the IM group, those with high reaction scores had lower baseline H3N2 GMTs and twice the titer fold change by day 28. Those with high Local scores had a greater probability of seroconversion. These results suggest that heightened reactogenicity to IM IIV is related to low baseline humoral immunity to an included antigen. Participants with greater reactogenicity developed greater titer fold change after 4 weeks, although the response magnitude was similar or lower compared with low-reactogenicity participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Gromer
- The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA; (M.P.M.); (S.T.W.); (N.R.)
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | | | - Michele P. McCullough
- The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA; (M.P.M.); (S.T.W.); (N.R.)
| | - Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA; (M.P.M.); (S.T.W.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA; (M.P.M.); (S.T.W.); (N.R.)
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Romine JK, Li H, Coughlin MM, Jones JM, Britton A, Tyner HL, Fuller SB, Bloodworth R, Edwards LJ, Etolue JN, Morrill TC, Newes-Adeyi G, Olsho LEW, Gaglani M, Fowlkes A, Hollister J, Bedrick EJ, Uhrlaub JL, Beitel S, Sprissler RS, Lyski Z, Porter CJ, Rivers P, Lutrick K, Caban-Martinez AJ, Yoon SK, Phillips AL, Naleway AL, Burgess JL, Ellingson KD. Hybrid Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Results of the HEROES-RECOVER Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 79:96-107. [PMID: 38466720 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether hybrid immunity differs by count and order of immunity-conferring events (infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] or vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). From a multi-site cohort of frontline workers, we examined the heterogeneity of the effect of hybrid immunity on SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. METHODS Exposures included event count and event order, categorized into 7 permutations. Outcome was level of serum antibodies against receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (total RBD-binding immunoglobulin). Means were examined up to 365 days after each of the first to seventh events. RESULTS Analysis included 5793 participants measured from 7 August 2020 to 15 April 2023. Hybrid immunity from infection before 1 or 2 vaccine doses elicited modestly superior antibody responses after the second and third events (compared with infections or vaccine doses alone). This superiority was not repeated after additional events. Among adults infected before vaccination, adjusted geometric mean ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of anti-RBD early response (versus vaccinated only) were 1.23 (1.14-1.33), 1.09 (1.03-1.14), 0.87 (.81-.94), and 0.99 (.85-1.15) after the second to fifth events, respectively. Post-vaccination infections elicited superior responses; adjusted geometric mean ratios (95% CI) of anti-RBD early response (versus vaccinated only) were 0.93 (.75-1.17), 1.11 (1.06-1.16), 1.17 (1.11-1.24), and 1.20 (1.07-1.34) after the second to fifth events, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of heterogeneity in antibody levels by permutations of infection and vaccination history could inform COVID-19 vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Romine
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Huashi Li
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Melissa M Coughlin
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jefferson M Jones
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amadea Britton
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Harmony L Tyner
- St. Luke's Regional Health Care System, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley Fowlkes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Hollister
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Edward J Bedrick
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ryan S Sprissler
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, Office for Research, Innovation and Impact, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Zoe Lyski
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia J Porter
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrick Rivers
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen Lutrick
- College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Sarang K Yoon
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew L Phillips
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Allison L Naleway
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katherine D Ellingson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Alshagrawi SS. Determinants of Intention to Uptake COVID-19 Vaccination Among Saudi Adults: Application of the Health Belief Model. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1803-1814. [PMID: 39007107 PMCID: PMC11244619 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s432153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had a profound effect on global health. Due to its potential impact on the efficacy of pandemic control measures, vaccine hesitancy (VH) in relation to COVID-19 has emerged as a significant concern. The attainment of herd immunity is contingent on the rate of COVID-19 vaccine adoption. Despite this, there have been reports of reluctance toward the COVID-19 vaccine. This study seeks to investigate the effect of constructs that influence adults' intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting Saudi Arabian adults as participants. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the proposed HBM model was evaluated. A total of 505 individuals replied to the survey. Results The suggested HBM model explained 68% of the variation in intention to get COVID-19 immunization. I found all HBM variables namely perceived susceptibility, greater levels of perceived behavioral control, severity, benefits, and barriers to be significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Among demographic variables, only married status had a significant relationship with the intention to obtain COVID-19 immunization. Discussion The findings of this study indicate that the HBM can be utilized effectively to obtain insight into the factors that influence COVID-19 prevention measure adherence. Understanding and recognizing individuals' perceived health beliefs and practices is essential for the development of effective COVID-19 intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah S Alshagrawi
- Saudi Electronic University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gütlin Y, Albertos Torres D, Gensch A, Schlotterbeck AK, Stöger L, Heller S, Infanti L, Barut GT, Thiel V, Leuzinger K, Hirsch HH, Buser A, Egli A. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulin and neutralising antibody responses in healthy blood donors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal observational study. Swiss Med Wkly 2024; 154:3408. [PMID: 39137369 DOI: 10.57187/s.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantifying antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and neutralising antibodies may help to understand protection at the individual and population levels. Determination of neutralising antibodies using classical virus neutralisation tests (VNT) is considered the gold standard, but they are costly and time-intensive. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate VNTs (sVNT) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain immunoglobulins (anti-S-RBD Ig) may be suitable alternatives to VNTs. We aimed to (a) explore the correlations between anti-S-RBD Ig, VNT, and sVNT measurements and (b) describe humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, natural infection, and vaccine breakthrough infection in healthy blood donors. METHODS We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig in 5714 serum samples from 2748 healthy individuals visiting the Swiss Red Cross Blood Donation Centre in Basel from 03/2020 to 04/2022. We used the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche) against the N- and S-receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. In a subset of 548 samples from 123 donors, we conducted sVNTs against the Wuhan wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Detection Kit; Adipogen™). In 100 samples from 40 donors, we correlated sVNT and VNTs against the wild-type (D614G WU1) virus. Surveys were sent to the blood donors to collect data on their SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. Using this data, donors were categorised as "vaccination only", "infection before vaccination", "post-vaccine breakthrough infection", and "natural infection only". RESULTS Our longitudinal observation study cohort consisted of 50.7% males with a median age of 31 years (range 18-75 y). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein positivity rates per month indicate 57.1% (88/154) of the cohort was infected up to 04/2022. No differences in seropositivity were found between sexes, age groups, blood types (AB0 or RhD), and cytomegalovirus serostatus. We observed a high correlation between anti-S-RBD Ig and inhibition percentage (Spearman's ρ = 0.92, Kendall's τ = 0.77, p <0.0001). We determined the sensitivity and specificity for the manufacturers' thresholds for detecting virus-neutralising effects and computed the "best" cut-off based on our real-world data. We categorised 722/1138 (63.5%) donors as vaccination only (82.3%), post-vaccine breakthrough infection (7.8%), infection before vaccination (5.8%), and natural infection only (4.2%). We observed a lower inhibition percentage in the natural infection-only group than in all other vaccinated groups. The infection before vaccination group had higher anti-S-RBD Ig titres after the first vaccine dose than the other vaccinated groups. CONCLUSION In total, 57.1% of healthy blood donors were infected with SARS-CoV-2, but natural infection without evidence of vaccination seems to result in substantially lower neutralising antibody levels. An estimate of antibody neutralisation may be helpful to assess reinfection risk. Total anti-S-RBD Ig correlates with surrogate virus neutralisation test results, a surrogate for neutralisation; therefore, we suggest that total anti-S-RBD Ig may estimate the level of neutralising antibodies. The threshold for protection from an unfavourable clinical outcome must be evaluated in prospective clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Gütlin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Albertos Torres
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gensch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Stöger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Heller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Güliz Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinical Virology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Macdonald C, Palmateer N, McAuley A, Lindsay L, Hasan T, Hameed SS, Hall E, Jeffrey K, Grange Z, Gousias P, Mavin S, Jarvis L, Cameron JC, Daines L, Tibble H, Simpson CR, McCowan C, Katikireddi SV, Rudan I, Fagbamigbe AF, Ritchie L, Swallow B, Moss P, Robertson C, Sheikh A, Murray J. Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:107. [PMID: 38877008 PMCID: PMC11178861 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several population-level studies have described individual clinical risk factors associated with suboptimal antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination, but none have examined multimorbidity. Others have shown that suboptimal post-vaccination responses offer reduced protection to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the level of protection from COVID-19 hospitalisation/death remains unconfirmed. We use national Scottish datasets to investigate the association between multimorbidity and testing antibody-negative, examining the correlation between antibody levels and subsequent COVID-19 hospitalisation/death among double-vaccinated individuals. We found that individuals with multimorbidity ( ≥ five conditions) were more likely to test antibody-negative post-vaccination and 13.37 [6.05-29.53] times more likely to be hospitalised/die from COVID-19 than individuals without conditions. We also show a dose-dependent association between post-vaccination antibody levels and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death, with those with undetectable antibody levels at a significantly higher risk (HR 9.21 [95% CI 4.63-18.29]) of these serious outcomes compared to those with high antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Macdonald
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK.
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, NW1 2BE, London, UK.
| | - Norah Palmateer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Andrew McAuley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Lindsay
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Taimoor Hasan
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Elliot Hall
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Jeffrey
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zoë Grange
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Petros Gousias
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Mavin
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Raigmore Hospital, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3UJ, UK
| | - Lisa Jarvis
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, 52 Research Avenue North, EH14 4BE, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Claire Cameron
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Daines
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Tibble
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Colin McCowan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley St., G3 7HR, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lewis Ritchie
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ben Swallow
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Cancer Sciences Building, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Robertson
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Richmond Street Glasgow, G1 1XH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Josie Murray
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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11
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Borgogna C, Ferrante D, Rosso G, Guglielmetti G, Lo Cigno I, Raviola S, Caneparo V, Quaglia M, Cantaluppi V, Gariglio M. A prospective humoral immune monitoring study of kidney transplant recipients receiving three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29710. [PMID: 38804187 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), like other solid organ transplant recipients display a suboptimal response to mRNA vaccines, with only about half achieving seroconversion after two doses. However, the effectiveness of a booster dose, particularly in generating neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), remains poorly understood, as most studies have mainly focused on non-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we have longitudinally assessed the humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in 40 KTRs over a year, examining changes in both anti-spike IgG and NAbs following a booster dose administered about 5 months post-second dose. We found a significant humoral response increase 5 months post-booster, a stark contrast to the attenuated response observed after the second dose. Of note, nearly a quarter of participants did not achieve protective plasma levels even after the booster dose. We also found that the higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlated with a more robust humoral response postvaccination. Altogether, these findings underscore the effectiveness of the booster dose in enhancing durable humoral immunity in KTRs, as evidenced by the protective level of NAbs found in 65% of the patients 5 months post- booster, especially those with higher eGFR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Borgogna
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Greta Rosso
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guglielmetti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Irene Lo Cigno
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Raviola
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Intrinsic Immunity Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- Intrinsic Immunity Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, CAAD - Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, "SS Biagio e Cesare" University Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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12
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Nirunrungraung B, Lattiwongsakorn W, Piyamongkol W. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance of Pregnant Women in Thailand. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:865-876. [PMID: 38779382 PMCID: PMC11110805 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s457740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among pregnant women in Thailand and explored factors influencing their willingness to receive the vaccine, to enhance vaccine uptake among hesitant pregnant women in the future. Methods A prospective study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, in October 2022. The data was collected using face-to-face questionnaires comprising 29 closed-end questions. Pregnant women aged 18 years old or over visiting the antenatal care clinic were included. Results The study included 200 participants, revealing a COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate of 17%. Healthcare provider recommendations significantly increased vaccine acceptance by nearly two-fold (30.77%, p-value < 0.01). The major cause of vaccine hesitancy was the concern about vaccine safety that potentially harmed their babies (77.44%). Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among pregnant women in Thailand was low. Healthcare provider recommendations played a pivotal role in positively impacting vaccine acceptance, highlighting their importance in increasing acceptance rates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bornpavi Nirunrungraung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Worashorn Lattiwongsakorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wirawit Piyamongkol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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13
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Senevirathne TH, Wekking D, Swain JWR, Solinas C, De Silva P. COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:127-141. [PMID: 38135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The vigorous spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the rapid infection of millions of people worldwide and devastation of not only public healthcare, but also social, educational, and economic infrastructures. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 over time is due to the mutations that occurred in the genome during each replication. These mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as variants, were categorized as variants of interest (VOI) or variants of concern (VOC) based on the increased risk of transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, decreased effectiveness of current social measures, and available vaccines and therapeutics. The swift development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a great success for biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses, including boosters, have been administered worldwide. BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) are the four major COVID-19 vaccines that received early regulatory authorization based on their efficacy. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants resulted in higher resistance to available vaccines or treatments. It has been four years since the first reported infection of SARS-CoV-2, yet the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still infecting people worldwide. Despite this, COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on evolution of VOC and vaccination strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Senevirathne
- Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Demi Wekking
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, P.O. Duilio Casula, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Shi J, Zhao F, Yang W, Zhu Y, Wang M, Yi B. The Status and Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination for 3-7-Year-Old Children Born Prematurely. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:787-796. [PMID: 38572223 PMCID: PMC10987788 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s451654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination for 3-7-year-old children born prematurely. Methods A questionnaire was administered to parents of preterm infants born between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019 in Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital using convenience sampling. Results It was found that 96.81% of 282 parents had known about COVID-19 vaccines and acquired COVID-19- and vaccine-related knowledge primarily through WeChat (104/282, 36.88%) and TikTok (91/282, 32.27%). Most parents of the group whose children were vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine believed that this approach was effective in preventing COVID-19 (49.75%), whereas most parents of the group whose children were not vaccinated were worried about the adverse reaction and safety of the vaccine (45.88%). According to the regression analysis, the risk factors of children born prematurely receiving a COVID-19 vaccine were no vaccination against COVID-19 in the mothers (odds ratio [OR]=48.489, 95% CI: 6.524-360.406) and in younger children (OR=12.157, 95% CI: 6.388-23.139). Previous history of referral (OR=0.229, 95% CI: 0.057-0.920), history of diseases (OR=0.130, 95% CI: 0.034-0.503) and high educational level of guardians (OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.112-0.557) were protective factors for children born prematurely to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion There is a relatively high proportion of children born prematurely receiving COVID-19 vaccination, but some people still have concerns. Publicity in the later stage can be conducted through WeChat, TikTok and other social media platforms, with special attention paid to the populations with lower education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Shi
- Department of NICU, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangping Zhao
- Department of NICU, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanyin Yang
- Department of NICU, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhu
- Department of NICU, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of NICU, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of NICU, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou City, Gansu, 730050, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Hayashi R, Takami Y, Fujigaki H, Amano K, Akita K, Yamana K, Maekawa A, Saito K, Takagi Y. Optimal timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination prior to cardiovascular surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:147-154. [PMID: 38415725 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241234475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became common. We investigated the optimal timing for inoculation against SARS-COV-2 in the candidates for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS In 100 patients with preoperative vaccination, who underwent CPB surgery between July 2021 and February 2022, the IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD-IgG), with a threshold of >100 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL for adequate immunity, was measured. RESULTS The vaccines, including 87 BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) and 13 mRNA-1273 (Moderna), were inoculated at 98.8 ± 59.4 days before surgery. The median RBD-IgG titers before surgery, 1 day after surgery, and 1 month after surgery were 166.8, 100.0, and 84.0 BAU/mL, respectively. The standby interval (SBI) from the vaccination to the surgery showed a significantly negative correlations with the RBD-IgG titer before the surgery (p < 0.001). A cut-off SBI for RBD-IgG >100 BAU/mL before surgery was <81 days with a sensitivity of 76%, specificity of 62%, and area under ROC value of 0.73 (p = 0.03). The patients with SBI <81 days (n = 48) had significantly higher RBD-IgG (>100 BAU/mL) than those with SBI ⩾81 days (n = 52) at all perioperative periods. CONCLUSIONS Although 40% of the RBD-IgG titers reduce 1 day after CPB surgery, the patients who received the SARS-COV-2 vaccination within an 81-day window prior to the surgery maintained a desirable RBD-IgG level, even up to 1 month after surgery. It may be important to schedule the surgery no later than 81 days after the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Amano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Akita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Chilmi S, Kesuma TA, Wibawa PA, Susianti H, Iskandar A, Wulanda IA, Wahono CS, Handono K. The Long-Term Serological Profile of CoronaVac Vaccine Based on Comorbidities and History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Indonesia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:40-46. [PMID: 37914294 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
CoronaVac is one of the most widely administered COVID-19 vaccines in Indonesia. Previous studies have documented its effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19 in several countries. This study aimed to assess the long-term immunogenicity of CoronaVac in individuals with comorbidities or a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The total anti-N Ig and anti-S-RBD Ig levels at 7 and 26 weeks after the second dose of vaccine were documented in 194 health workers. The participants were divided into groups based on their comorbidities and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antibody titers did not differ according to comorbidity status or history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The total anti-nucleocapsid Ig and total anti-S-RBD Ig levels were significantly lower in individuals without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results indicate that CoronaVac induces a lower specific antibody response than natural infection and less long-term immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahrul Chilmi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Tanti Adelia Kesuma
- Residency of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Purwa Adrianta Wibawa
- Residency of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Hani Susianti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Iskandar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Indah Adhita Wulanda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Caesarius Singgih Wahono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Indonesia
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17
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Shin J, Shim SR, Lee J, Ryu HS, Kim JY. Otorhinolaryngologic complications after COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS). Front Public Health 2024; 11:1338862. [PMID: 38269374 PMCID: PMC10807421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1338862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There have been reports of otolaryngological adverse event following immunization (AEFI) such as instances of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to analyze otolaryngological AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and the COVID-19 Data Tracker, which are both administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. Using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) concepts, AEFIs included: Considering the overall frequency and similarity of symptoms in the first 153 PTs, they were grouped into major 19 AEFIs groups. The incidence rates (IRs) of AEFIs per 100,000 were calculated on individual and cumulative AEFIs levels, involving people who received complete primary series and an updated bivalent booster dose with one of the available COVID-19 vaccines in the US. The proportions of AEFIs by age, sex, and vaccine manufacturer were reported. We also calculated the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of AEFIs. Results We identified 106,653 otorhinolaryngologic AEFIs from the VAERS database, and a total of 226,593,618 people who received complete primary series in the US. Overall, the IR of total Otorhinolaryngologic AEFIs was 47.068 of CPS (completed primary series) and 7.237 UBB (updated bivalent booster) per 100,000. For most symptoms, being female was associated with statistically significant higher AEFIs. Upon examining the impact of different vaccine manufacturers, the researchers found that Janssen's vaccine exhibited higher IRs for hearing loss (5.871), tinnitus (19.182), ear infection (0.709), dizziness (121.202), sinusitis (2.088), epistaxis (4.251), anosmia (5.264), snoring (0.734), allergies (5.555), and pharyngitis (5.428). The highest PRRs were for Anosmia (3.617), Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - Acid Reflux (2.632), and Tinnitus -Ringing in the ears (2.343), in that order, with these three significantly incidence than other background noises. Conclusion This study, utilizing an extensive sample sizes, represents a significant step toward comprehensively characterizing the otolaryngological AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. This large-scale analysis aims to move beyond isolated case reports and anecdotal evidence, providing a robust and detailed portrait of the otolaryngological AEFIs landscape in response to COVID-19 vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Konyang Medical data Research group-KYMERA, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Konyang Medical data Research group-KYMERA, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Shik Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeup Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Konyang Medical data Research group-KYMERA, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Padoan A, Cosma C, Di Chiara C, Furlan G, Gastaldo S, Talli I, Donà D, Basso D, Giaquinto C, Plebani M. Clinical and Analytical Performance of ELISA Salivary Serologic Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Children and Adults. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38247570 PMCID: PMC10801479 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a promising matrix with several purposes. Our aim is to verify if salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody determination is suitable for monitoring immune responses. One hundred eighty-seven subjects were enrolled at University-Hospital Padova: 105 females (56.1%) and 82 males (43.9%), 95 (50.8%) children and 92 (49.2%) adults. Subjects self-collected saliva using Salivette; nineteen subjects collected three different samples within the day. A serum sample was obtained for all individuals. The N/S anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgG (sal-IgG) and serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG (ser-IgG) were used for determining anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The mean (min-max) age was 9.0 (1-18) for children and 42.5 (20-61) for adults. Of 187 samples, 63 were negative for sal-IgG (33.7%), while 7 were negative for ser-IgG (3.7%). Spearman's correlation was 0.56 (p < 0.001). Sal-IgG and ser-IgG levels were correlated with age but not with gender, comorbidities, prolonged therapy, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, or time from last COVID-19 infection/vaccination. The repeatability ranged from 23.8% (7.4 kAU/L) to 4.0% (3.77 kAU/L). The linearity of the assay was missed in 4/6 samples. No significant intrasubject differences were observed in sal-IgG across samples collected at different time points. Sal-IgG has good agreement with ser-IgG. Noninvasive saliva collection represents an alternative method for antibody measurement, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Costanza Di Chiara
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Furlan
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Gastaldo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Ilaria Talli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Donà
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
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19
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Andresen K, Hinojosa-Campos M, Podmore B, Drysdale M, Qizilbash N, Cunnington M. Validity of Routine Health Data To Identify Safety Outcomes of Interest For Covid-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Context of the Emerging Pandemic: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2024; 16:1-17. [PMID: 38192299 PMCID: PMC10771726 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s415292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regulatory guidance encourages transparent reporting of information on the quality and validity of electronic health record data being used to generate real-world benefit-risk evidence for vaccines and therapeutics. We aimed to provide an overview of the availability of validated diagnostic algorithms for selected safety endpoints for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutics in the context of the emerging pandemic prior to December 2020. Methods We reviewed the literature up to December 2020 to identify validation studies for various safety events of interest, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, myocarditis, acute cardiac injury, vasculitis/vasculopathy, venous thromboembolism, stroke, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonitis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and renal failure. We included studies published between 2015 and 2020 that were considered high quality assessed with QUADAS and that reported positive predictive values (PPVs). Results Out of 43 identified studies, we found that diagnostic algorithms for cardiovascular outcomes were supported by the highest number of validation studies (n=17). Accurate algorithms are available for myocardial infarction (median PPV 80%; IQR 22%), arrhythmia (PPV range >70%), venous thromboembolism (median PPV: 73%) and ischaemic stroke (PPV range ≥85%). We found a lack of validation studies for less common respiratory and cardiac safety outcomes of interest (eg, pneumonitis and myocarditis), as well as for COVID-specific complications (CRS, RDS). Conclusion There is a need for better understanding of barriers to conducting validation studies, including data governance restrictions. Regulatory guidance should promote embedding validation within real-world EHR research used for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Andresen
- OXON Epidemiology, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Bélène Podmore
- OXON Epidemiology, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- OXON Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nawab Qizilbash
- OXON Epidemiology, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- OXON Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Mimpen M, Kreiter D, Kempkens T, Knippenberg S, Hupperts R, Gerlach O. Humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cladribine-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100445. [PMID: 38304878 PMCID: PMC10832451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis immunomodulatory treatments such as cladribine, which affects both B- and T-lymphocytes, can potentially alter the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This monocenter retrospective study reports on anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in cladribine treated MS patients and we compare the response in patients vaccinated before and after an 18-week interval after last cladribine dose. Of the 34 patients (5 patients ≤ 18 weeks and 29 patients > 18 weeks after last cladribine dose) that were included, 32 reached seropositivity (94 %). All patients vaccinated < 18 weeks after last cladribine dose reached seropositivity. This study confirms findings of earlier reports that cladribine-treated MS patients show an adequate humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, even when vaccinated early (≤18 weeks) after last cladribine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mimpen
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Kreiter
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T. Kempkens
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - S. Knippenberg
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Hupperts
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - O. Gerlach
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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21
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Yang R, Sun S. Campaign Governance and Partnerships: Unraveling COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion Efforts in China's Neighborhoods. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2915-2929. [PMID: 38164293 PMCID: PMC10758253 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s441874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine promotion helps counter vaccine hesitancy and raise vaccine acceptance. Therefore, the Chinese state created collaborative infrastructures of COVID-19 vaccine promotion programs to promote stakeholder engagement and unload the burden of policy practitioners. However, partnerships in COVID-19 vaccine promotion programs have been underrepresented. Methods To address this lacuna, we qualitatively explored how partnerships in the COVID-19 vaccine promotion campaign (CVPC) were organized in China's neighborhoods. Specifically, we recruited participants via personal networks, referrals from acquaintances, and snowballing approaches, and conducted the qualitative thematic analysis following interviews with 62 Chinese stakeholders. Results This study indicates that to promote partnerships in CVPCs, neighborhood managers formed leadership in CVPCs, expanded the collaborative network, trained Health Promotion Practitioners (HPPs), and coordinated with HPPs to shape partnership agreements, produced COVID-19 vaccine promotional materials and advertised COVID-19 vaccines via diverse media tools. Although coproduction of CVPCs to a certain extent promoted state-society interaction in neighborhoods and state responsiveness to public demands, partners' disagreements on strategies applied by states for promoting COVID-19 vaccines eroded partnerships in CVPCs. Conclusion To construct a robust partnership in CVPCs, depoliticizing CVPCs and creating shared values among stakeholders in CVPCs are expected. Our study will not only deepen global audiences' understanding of CVCPs in China but also offer potential neighborhood-level solutions for implementing local and global health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yang
- Department of Public Administration, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sirui Sun
- Department of Public Administration, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Li C, Islam N, Gutierrez JP, Gutiérrez-Barreto SE, Castañeda Prado A, Moolenaar RL, Lacey B, Richter P. Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012581. [PMID: 38097276 PMCID: PMC10729095 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks of severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is a need for estimating pooled risk estimates with adjustment for confounding effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled adjusted risk ratios of diabetes, hypertension and obesity on COVID-19 mortality. METHODS We searched 16 literature databases for original studies published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020. We used the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. Pooled risk ratios were estimated based on the adjusted effect sizes. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to account for the uncertainty in residual heterogeneity. We used contour-funnel plots and Egger's test to assess possible publication bias. RESULTS We reviewed 34 830 records identified in literature search, of which 145 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled adjusted risk ratios were 1.43 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.54), 1.19 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.30) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for diabetes, hypertension and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) on COVID-19 mortality, respectively. The pooled adjusted risk ratios appeared to be stronger in studies conducted before April 2020, Western Pacific Region, low- and middle-income countries, and countries with low Global Health Security Index scores, when compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality independent of other known risk factors, particularly in low-resource settings. Addressing these chronic diseases could be important for global pandemic preparedness and mortality prevention. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021204371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Li
- Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Gutierrez
- Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | | | - Andrés Castañeda Prado
- Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Ronald L Moolenaar
- Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ben Lacey
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patricia Richter
- Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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23
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Cao X, Xie YL, Zhou CL, Mu H. The value of age IgG and IL6 in estimating time of viral clearance in asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1256759. [PMID: 38125571 PMCID: PMC10731291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Age, immunoglobin G (IgG), immunoglobin M (IgM), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL6), and the time to clear viral nucleic acids in asymptomatic and mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as well as evaluated the predictive value of these biochemical indicators. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis on 1,570 individuals who were admitted to Tianjin First Central Hospital and diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild cases. Laboratory data were collected, including age, gender, levels of IgG, IgM, PCT and IL6, as well as results of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test. These data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, version 24.0. Results The results indicated that among mild patients, Age, IgG, and the time to clear viral nucleic acids were higher than asymptomatic patients (p < 0.05). And the time to clear viral nucleic acids was significantly correlated with Age, IgG, IgM, PCT, and IL6 (p < 0.05), IgG (r = -0.445, p < 0.001) showed moderate correlations. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified older age, high IL6 levels, and low IgG levels were risk factors for nucleic acid clearance exceeding 14 days (p < 0.05). When combining these three indicators to predict the probability of nucleic acid clearance exceeding 14 days in the 1,570 patients, the AUROC was found to be 0.727. Conclusion Age, IgG, and IL6 could potentially serve as useful predictors for nucleic acid clearance exceeding 14 days in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-lei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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24
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Mo C, Li X, Wu Q, Fan Y, Liu D, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Liao X, Zhou Z, Zhou L, Li Q, Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhou R, Tian X. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine requires signal peptide to induce antibody responses. Vaccine 2023; 41:6863-6869. [PMID: 37821314 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
New SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to prevail worldwide, and effective vaccines are needed to prevent an epidemic. mRNA vaccines are gradually being applied to the prevention and control of infectious diseases with significant safety and effectiveness. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the main target of mRNA vaccine design, but the impact of the signal peptide (SP), transmembrane region (TM), and cytoplasmic tail (CT) on mRNA vaccine remains unclear. In this study, we constructed three forms of mRNA vaccines related to the S protein: full-length, deletion of the TM and CT, and simultaneous deletion of the SP, TM and CT, and compared their immunogenicity. Our experimental data show that full-length S protein and deletion of the TM and CT could effectively induce neutralizing antibody production in mice, while S protein without the SP and TM could not. This indicates that the S protein SP is necessary for the design of mRNA vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Mice
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Female
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Antibody Formation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuru Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Panza F, Fiorino F, Pastore G, Fiaschi L, Tumbarello M, Medaglini D, Ciabattini A, Montagnani F, Fabbiani M. Does Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Influence the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2, Independently from Rebound? Microorganisms 2023; 11:2607. [PMID: 37894265 PMCID: PMC10609571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 viral load relapse have been reported in people treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NM/r). However, little is understood about the etiology of this phenomenon. Our aim was to investigate the relation between the host's immune response and viral rebound. We described three cases of COVID-19 rebound that occurred after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (group A). In addition, we compared spike-specific antibody response and plasma cytokine/chemokine patterns of the rebound cases with those of (i) control patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir who did not show rebound (group B), and (ii) subjects not treated with any anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug (group C). The anti-spike antibodies and plasma cytokines/chemokines were similar in groups A and B. However, we observed a higher anti-BA.2 spike IgG response in patients without antiviral treatment (group C) [geometric mean titer 210,807, 5.1- and 8.2-fold higher compared to group A (p = 0.039) and group B (p = 0.032)]. Moreover, the patients receiving antiviral treatment (groups A-B) showed higher circulating levels of platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-BB) and vascular endothelial growth Factors (VEGF) and lower levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukine-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted chemokine (RANTES) when compared to group C. In conclusion, we observed lower anti-spike IgG levels and different cytokine patterns in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir-treated patients compared to those not treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. This suggests that early antiviral treatment, by reducing viral load and antigen presentation, could mitigate the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The clinical relevance of such observation should be further investigated in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panza
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (L.F.); (M.T.)
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University “Giuseppe Degennaro”, Casamassima, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Lia Fiaschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (L.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Mario Tumbarello
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (L.F.); (M.T.)
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.F.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (L.F.); (M.T.)
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Fabbiani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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Hasanzarrini M, Salehi AM, Nirumandi Jahromi S. Development of Peptic Ulcer following Second Shot of Sputnik V Vaccine: A Case Report and Literature Review of Rare Side Effects of Sputnik V Vaccine. Case Rep Infect Dis 2023; 2023:9989515. [PMID: 37781635 PMCID: PMC10539083 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9989515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is expected that vaccination against its causative agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), will reduce the related morbidity and mortality. However, the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines and their potential and unknown side effects are a matter of concern. With the ongoing development and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programs around the world, the side effects, safety, and effectiveness of these vaccines are gradually being reported, providing researchers with valuable information that can affect the production and utilization of the COVID-19 vaccines. The present study intended to report a case of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) development following vaccination with Gam-COVID-Vac, a vector-based COVID-19 vaccine containing two recombinant human adenoviruses (rAd26 and rAd5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hasanzarrini
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, School of Medicine, Iran
| | - Samira Nirumandi Jahromi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Qashqari FS, Alfelali M, Barasheed O, Almaimani R, Alghamdi A, Alharbi SS, Balahmar E, S Alhothali A, Alsharif RH, Jalal NA, Makhdoom H. Evaluation of the Most Visible Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines Among the Residents of Makkah, Saudi Arabia: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5107-5119. [PMID: 37576522 PMCID: PMC10422958 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s409200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research evaluated the most visible symptoms associated with coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines among residents in Makkah of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among a representative sample of residents receiving COVID-19 vaccination at King Abdullah Medical City, Al Ukayshiyyah, and Umm Al-Qura University vaccination centers. A total of 805 participants selected by a census sampling method were included. Data regarding characteristics, medical history, and post-vaccination symptoms were obtained with an interview-based questionnaire. Results The participants' mean age was 25.20 ± 15.5 years. Of them, 61.7% and 38.3% received one and two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. 2.2% have an allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine. 25.3% were infected with COVID-19, 23% were infected before the first dose, and only 1.6% were infected after the first dose. Significant statistical associations were found between males and females in smoking status, age, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, and types of COVID-19 vaccines (P-value < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables, male participants had lower odds of having swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site, muscle or joint pain, headache, dizziness, and nausea compared to female participants [OR = 0.596, 95% CI = (0.388-0.916)], [OR = 0.272, 95% CI = (0.149-0.495)], [OR = 0.529, 95% CI = (0.338-0.828)], [OR = 0.263, 95% CI = (0.125-0.554)], and [OR = 0.145, 95% CI = (0.31-0.679), P < 0.05 for all], respectively. Conclusion The female participants may have a higher risk of post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms than males among Makkah residents of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi S Qashqari
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alfelali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Barasheed
- Research and Innovation Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Basira Center for Health Research Training and Consulting, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Almaimani
- Health Promotion and Education Department, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alghamdi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah S Alharbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Balahmar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar S Alhothali
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naif A Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Makhdoom
- Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Xu K, Gao B, Li J, Xiang Y, Cao L, Zhao M. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19 vaccine-associated Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2220630. [PMID: 37282614 PMCID: PMC10305503 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2220630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare and serious ocular adverse reaction following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 vaccine-associated VKH disease. Case reports of VKH disease after COVID-19 vaccination were collected up to February 11, 2023 for retrospective analysis. Twenty-one patients (9 males and 12 females) were included, with a median age of 45 years (range 19-78), from three main regions, Asia (12/21), the Mediterranean region (4/21), and South America (5/21). Fourteen patients developed symptoms after the first dose of the vaccine, and 8 after the second dose. Vaccines included mRNA vaccine (10 cases), virus vector vaccine (6 cases), and inactivated vaccine (5 cases). The average time interval from vaccination to onset of symptoms was 7.5 days (range 12 hours to 4 weeks). All 21 patients experienced visual impairment after vaccination, with 20 cases involving both eyes. Sixteen patients showed symptoms of meningitis. Serous retinal detachment was observed in 16 patients, choroidal thickening was observed in 14, aqueous cell in 9, and subretinal fluid in 6. CSF pleocytosis was detected in 7 patients and skin symptoms were found in 3 patients. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, and 8 also received immunosuppressive agents. All patients recovered well, with a mean recovery time of 2 months. Early diagnosis and early treatment are crucial to the prognosis of patients with VKH after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine. The risk of vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with a history of VKH disease should be evaluated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingqian Gao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixin Xiang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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29
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Saleh Z, Mehdipour F, Ataollahi MR, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Kabelitz D, Kalantar K. Frequency of B-Cell Subpopulations in Low Responders in Comparison with High Responders to Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Health Care Workers. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:296. [PMID: 37488238 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B (HB) infection. The goal of vaccination is to induce immunological memory. Hence, determining the frequency of memory B-cell (MBC) subsets is an important indicator of vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of different B-cell subpopulations and the expression of PD-1 on B-cell subsets in low responders (LR) and high responders (HR) to HB vaccine. According to our findings, the expression level of PD-1 was significantly higher on atypical MBC (atMBC) than that of naive B cell and classical MBC (cMBC) in LR and HR groups. Moreover, cMBCs had a significant higher PD-1 expression than naive B cells in LR group. No significant differences were found in the frequency of various B-cell subpopulations and the expression level of PD-1 on B-cell subsets between LR and HR groups. We observed a negative correlation between age and HBsAb titer and a positive correlation between age and PD-1 expression level on cMBC in LR group. It can be concluded that inadequate specific memory B-cell response, rather than total memory B-cell deficiency, may be implicated in low responsive rate to HB vaccine in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ataollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig, Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7134845794, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Reinkemeyer C, Khazaei Y, Weigert M, Hannes M, Le Gleut R, Plank M, Winter S, Noreña I, Meier T, Xu L, Rubio-Acero R, Wiegrebe S, Le Thi TG, Fuchs C, Radon K, Paunovic I, Janke C, Wieser A, Küchenhoff H, Hoelscher M, Castelletti N. The Prospective COVID-19 Post-Immunization Serological Cohort in Munich (KoCo-Impf): Risk Factors and Determinants of Immune Response in Healthcare Workers. Viruses 2023; 15:1574. [PMID: 37515259 PMCID: PMC10383736 DOI: 10.3390/v15071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody studies analyze immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, which is crucial for selecting vaccination strategies. In the KoCo-Impf study, conducted between 16 June and 16 December 2021, 6088 participants aged 18 and above from Munich were recruited to monitor antibodies, particularly in healthcare workers (HCWs) at higher risk of infection. Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays on dried blood spots were used to detect prior infections (anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies) and to indicate combinations of vaccinations/infections (anti-Spike antibodies). The anti-Spike seroprevalence was 94.7%, whereas, for anti-Nucleocapsid, it was only 6.9%. HCW status and contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were identified as infection risk factors, while vaccination and current smoking were associated with reduced risk. Older age correlated with higher anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels, while vaccination and current smoking decreased the response. Vaccination alone or combined with infection led to higher anti-Spike antibody levels. Increasing time since the second vaccination, advancing age, and current smoking reduced the anti-Spike response. The cumulative number of cases in Munich affected the anti-Spike response over time but had no impact on anti-Nucleocapsid antibody development/seropositivity. Due to the significantly higher infection risk faced by HCWs and the limited number of significant risk factors, it is suggested that all HCWs require protection regardless of individual traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Yeganeh Khazaei
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigert
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marlene Hannes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Noreña
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Meier
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Xu
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegrebe
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thu Giang Le Thi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Paunovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Szabó E, Modok S, Rónaszéki B, Faragó A, Gémes N, Nagy LI, Hackler L, Farkas K, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Balog A, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses in hematologic diseases following completed vaccination protocol with BBIBP-CorV, or AZD1222, or BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176168. [PMID: 37529238 PMCID: PMC10389666 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination has proven the potential to control the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Although recent evidence suggests a poor humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated hematological disease (HD) patients, data on vaccination in these patients is limited with the comparison of mRNA-based, vector-based or inactivated virus-based vaccines. Methods Forty-nine HD patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled who received two-doses complete vaccination with BNT162b2, or AZD1222, or BBIBP-CorV, respectively. The antibodies reactive to the receptor binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were assayed by Siemens ADVIA Centaur assay. The reactive cellular immunity was assayed by flow cytometry. The PBMCs were reactivated with SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the production of activation-induced markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD40L) was measured in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells ex vivo. Results The anti-RBD IgG level was the highest upon BNT162b2 vaccination in HDs (1264 BAU/mL) vs. HCs (1325 BAU/mL) among the studied groups. The BBIBP-CorV vaccination in HDs (339.8 BAU/mL ***p < 0.001) and AZD1222 in HDs (669.9 BAU/mL *p < 0.05) resulted in weaker antibody response vs. BNT162b2 in HCs. The response rate of IgG production of HC vs. HD patients above the diagnostic cut-off value was 100% vs. 72% for the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine; 93% vs. 56% for the vector-based AZD1222, or 69% vs. 33% for the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV, respectively. Cases that underwent the anti-CD20 therapy resulted in significantly weaker (**p < 0.01) anti-RBD IgG level (302 BAU/mL) than without CD20 blocking in the HD group (928 BAU/mL). The response rates of CD4+ TNF-α+, CD4+ IFN-γ+, or CD4+ CD40L+ cases were lower in HDs vs. HCs in all vaccine groups. However, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine resulted the highest CD4+ TNF-α and CD4+ IFN-γ+ T-cell mediated immunity in the HD group. Conclusion We have demonstrated a significant weaker overall response to vaccines in the immunologically impaired HD population vs. HCs regardless of vaccine type. Although, the humoral immune activity against SARS-CoV-2 can be highly evoked by mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccination compared to vector-based AZD1222 vaccine, or inactivated virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV, whereas the CD4+ T-cell mediated cellular activity was highest in HDs vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Modok
- Department of Medicine, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School-University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedek Rónaszéki
- Department of Medicine, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School-University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Faragó
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Avicor Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices, Kozarmisleny, Hungary
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32
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Augustyniak A, Szymański T, Porzucek F, Mieloch AA, Semba JA, Hubert KA, Grajek D, Krela R, Rogalska Z, Zalc-Budziszewska E, Wysocki S, Sobczak K, Kuczyński L, Rybka JD. A cohort study reveals different dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody formation after Comirnaty and Vaxzevria vaccination. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00665-5. [PMID: 37407407 PMCID: PMC10284451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide, prompting a collective effort from the global scientific community to develop a vaccine against it. This study purports to investigate the influence of factors such as sex, age, type of vaccination (Comirnaty, BNT162b2, Pfizer Inc. or Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1-S, Oxford/AstraZeneca), and time since vaccine administration on the process of antibody production. Both of them are based on the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) to the body using different mechanisms (mRNA and recombinant adenovirus, respectively). S protein is responsible for host cell attachment and penetration via its receptor-binding domain (RBD domain). The level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies was tested with an ELISA-based immunodiagnostic assay in serum samples from a total of 1395 patients at 3 time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. Our novel statistical model, the Generalized Additive Model, revealed variability in antibody production dynamics for both vaccines. Interestingly, no discernible variation in antibody levels between men and women was found. A nonlinear relationship between age and antibody production was observed, characterized by decreased antibody levels for people up to 30 and over 60 years of age, with a lack of correlation in the middle age range. Collectively, our findings further the understanding of the mechanism driving vaccine-induced immunity. Additionally, we propose the Generalized Additive Model as a standardized way of presenting data in similar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Porzucek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Anna Semba
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Hubert
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Grajek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rogalska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zalc-Budziszewska
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wysocki
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Yoshida M, Kobashi Y, Kawamura T, Shimazu Y, Nishikawa Y, Omata F, Saito H, Yamamoto C, Zhao T, Takita M, Ito N, Tatsuno K, Kaneko Y, Nakayama A, Kodama T, Wakui M, Takahashi K, Tsubokura M. Association of systemic adverse reaction patterns with long-term dynamics of humoral and cellular immunity after coronavirus disease 2019 third vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9264. [PMID: 37286720 PMCID: PMC10246541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the impact of adverse reactions on immune dynamics. We investigated the pattern of systemic adverse reactions after the second and third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and their relationship with immunoglobulin G against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike 1 protein titers, neutralizing antibody levels, peak cellular responses, and the rate of decrease after the third vaccination in a large-scale community-based cohort in Japan. Participants who received a third vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), had two blood samples, had not had COVID-19, and had information on adverse reactions after the second and third vaccinations (n = 2198) were enrolled. We collected data on sex, age, adverse reactions, comorbidities, and daily medicine using a questionnaire survey. Participants with many systemic adverse reactions after the second and third vaccinations had significantly higher humoral and cellular immunity in the peak phase. Participants with multiple systemic adverse reactions after the third vaccination had small changes in the geometric values of humoral immunity and had the largest geometric mean of cellar immunity in the decay phase. Systemic adverse reactions after the third vaccination helped achieve high peak values and maintain humoral and cellular immunity. This information may help promote uptake of a third vaccination, even among those who hesitate due to adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yoshida
- Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa Country, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Isotope Science Centre, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimazu
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa Country, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan
| | - Fumiya Omata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa Country, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Morihiro Takita
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Naomi Ito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science & Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0012, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Isotope Science Centre, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jyoban Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa Country, Fukushima, 963-8202, Japan.
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan.
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Aziz S, Waqas M, Mohanta TK, Halim SA, Iqbal A, Ali A, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Identifying non-nucleoside inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 through per-residue energy decomposition-based pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:501-519. [PMID: 36801630 PMCID: PMC9927802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered a worldwide health and economic crisis. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease and completes its life cycle using the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) enzyme, a prominent target for antivirals. In this study, we have computationally screened ∼690 million compounds from the ZINC20 database and 11,698 small molecule inhibitors from DrugBank to find existing and novel non-nucleoside inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. METHODS Herein, a combination of the structure-based pharmacophore modeling and hybrid virtual screening methods, including per-residue energy decomposition-based pharmacophore screening, molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity evaluation were employed to retrieve novel as well as existing RdRp non-nucleoside inhibitors from large chemical databases. Besides, molecular dynamics simulation and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method were used to investigate the binding stability and calculate the binding free energy of RdRp-inhibitor complexes. RESULTS Based on docking scores and significant binding interactions with crucial residues (Lys553, Arg557, Lys623, Cys815, and Ser816) in the RNA binding site of RdRp, three existing drugs, ZINC285540154, ZINC98208626, ZINC28467879, and five compounds from ZINC20 (ZINC739681614, ZINC1166211307, ZINC611516532, ZINC1602963057, and ZINC1398350200) were selected, and the conformational stability of RdRp due to their binding was confirmed through molecular dynamics simulation. The free energy calculations revealed these compounds possess strong binding affinities for RdRp. In addition, these novel inhibitors exhibited drug-like features, good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile and were found to be non-toxic. CONCLUSION The compounds identified in the study by multifold computational strategy can be validated in vitro as potential non-nucleoside inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and holds promise for the discovery of novel drugs against COVID-19 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, 2100, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aqib Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, 2100, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Peligro PJ, Velasco JV, Ver AT, Guerrero JJ, Liu J, Lippi G, Benoit SW, Henry BM, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Humoral Response in Hemodialysis Patients Post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040724. [PMID: 37112636 PMCID: PMC10142871 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 600 million individuals and caused nearly 7 million deaths worldwide (10 January 2023). Patients with renal disease undergoing hemodialysis are among those most adversely affected, with an increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. This systematic review aimed to pool evidence assessing the humoral response of hemodialysis patients (HDP) post-mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. A systematic search of the literature was performed through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers up to 10 January 2023. Cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported an immune response in one group of patients undergoing hemodialysis who received mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with another group of patients receiving the same vaccine but not on hemodialysis. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate due to the high heterogeneity between studies. From the 120 studies identified, nine (n = 1969 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 8/9, 88%) were of high or medium methodological quality (≥6/9 stars). The results revealed that HDP developed lower antibody levels across all timepoints post-vaccination when compared with controls. Patients with chronic kidney disease elicited the highest antibody immune response, followed by HDP and, lastly, kidney transplant recipients. Overall, post-vaccination antibody titers were comparatively lower than in the healthy population. Current results imply that robust vaccination strategies are needed to address waning immune responses in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | | | - Abbygail Therese Ver
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Jaime Guerrero
- Learning Unit IV, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1001, Philippines
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefanie W Benoit
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45103, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2023; 41:1783-1790. [PMID: 36774332 PMCID: PMC9905096 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and long COVID has not been firmly established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and long COVID. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on September 2022 without language restrictions (CRD42022360399) to identify prospective trials and observational studies comparing patients with and without vaccination before severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We also included studies reporting symptomatic changes of ongoing long COVID following vaccination among those with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Odds ratios (ORs) for each outcome were synthesized using a random-effects model. Symptomatic changes after vaccination were synthesized by a one-group meta-analysis. RESULTS Six observational studies involving 536,291 unvaccinated and 84,603 vaccinated (before SARS-CoV-2 infection) patients (mean age, 41.2-66.6; female, 9.0-67.3%) and six observational studies involving 8,199 long COVID patients (mean age, 40.0 to 53.5; female, 22.2-85.9%) who received vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Two-dose vaccination was associated with a lower risk of long COVID compared to no vaccination (OR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.92) and one-dose vaccination (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.83). Two-dose vaccination compared to no vaccination was associated with a lower risk of persistent fatigue (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.93) and pulmonary disorder (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.47-0.52). Among those with ongoing long COVID symptoms, 54.4% (95% CI, 34.3-73.1%) did not report symptomatic changes following vaccination, while 20.3% (95% CI, 8.1-42.4%) experienced symptomatic improvement after two weeks to six months of COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a lower risk of long COVID, while most of those with ongoing long COVID did not experience symptomatic changes following vaccination.
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Sabzian-Molaei F, Hosseini S, Alipour A, Ghaderi H, Fotouhi-Chahouki F, Hadi A, Shahsavarani H. Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) as a potential candidate for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: In silico prediction and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154648. [PMID: 36681052 PMCID: PMC9815882 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high number of mutations and consequent structure modifications in a Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 increased concerns about evading neutralization by antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. Thus, developing novel drugs with potent inhibitory activity can be considered an alternative for treating this highly transmissible variant. Considering that Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) displays antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, the potency of this lectin to inhibit the Receptor Binding Domain of the Omicron variant (RBDOmic) was examined in this study. PURPOSE This study examines how UDA inhibits the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 by blocking its RBD, using a combination of in silico and experimental methods. METHODS To investigate the interaction between UDA and RBDOmic, the CLUSPRO 2.0 web server was used to dock the RBDOmic-UDA complex, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed by the Gromacs 2020.2 software to confirm the stability of the selected docked complex. Finally, the binding affinity (ΔG) of the simulation was calculated using MM-PBSA. In addition, ELISA and Western blot tests were used to examine UDA's binding to RBDOmic. RESULTS Based on the docking results, UDA forms five hydrogen bonds with the RBDOmic active site, which contains mutated residues Tyr501, Arg498, Arg493, and His505. According to MD simulations, the UDA-RBDOmic complex is stable over 100 ns, and its average binding energy during the simulation is -87.201 kJ/mol. Also, the ELISA test showed that UDA significantly binds to RBDOmic, and by increasing the concentration of UDA protein, the attachment to RBDOmic became stronger. In Western blotting, RBDOmic was able to attach to and detect UDA. CONCLUSION This study indicates that UDA interaction with RBDOmic prevents virus attachment to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and, therefore, its entry into the host cell. Altogether, UDA exhibited a significant suppression effect on the Omicron variant and can be considered a new candidate to improve protection against severe infection of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sabzian-Molaei
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Alipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Hadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ahn MJ, Kang JA, Hong SM, Lee KS, Kim DH, Song D, Jeong DG. Evaluation of a biotin-based surrogate virus neutralization test for detecting postvaccination antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in sera. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 646:8-18. [PMID: 36696754 PMCID: PMC9850842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used to determine the degree of inhibition of binding between human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein by neutralizing antibodies in a biosafety level 2 facility. Here, to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial sVNT, we developed a new biotin based sVNT using biotinylated RBD and HRP conjugated streptavidin instead of HRP conjugated RBD for direct detection in an ELISA assay that strongly correlated to the FDA approved cPass sVNT commercial kit (R2 = 0.8521) and pseudo virus neutralization test (R2 = 0.9006) (pVNT). The biotin based sVNT was evaluated in 535 postvaccination serum samples corresponding to second and third boosts of AZD1222 and BNT162b2 vaccines of the wild type strain. We confirmed that the neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in second vaccination sera decreased after a median of 141.5 days. Furthermore, vaccination sera from BNT162b2-BNT162b2 vaccines maintained neutralizing antibodies for longer than those of AZD1222 only vaccination. In addition, both vaccines maintained high neutralizing antibodies in third vaccination sera against Omicron BA.2 after a median of 27 days, but neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased after a median of 141.5 days. Along with the cPass sVNT commercial kit, biotin based sVNTs may also be suitable for specifically detecting neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants; however, to initially monitor the neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated sera using high throughput screening, conventional PRNT could be replaced by sVNT to circumvent the inconvenience of a long test time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Ahn
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Hong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030539. [PMID: 36992123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines are mainly used as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite several issues concerning storage, stability, effective period, and side effects, viral vector vaccines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Recently, viral vector-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as useful tools, owing to their safety and ability to escape from neutral antibodies. Herein, we summarize the possible cellular mechanisms underlying EV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Shishido AA, Barnes AH, Narayanan S, Chua JV. COVID-19 Vaccines-All You Want to Know. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:143-172. [PMID: 36646092 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat the virus that have propelled the field of vaccinology forward. Significant challenges to universal vaccine effectiveness remain, including immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, waning of immune response, inadequate knowledge of correlates of protection, and dosing in special populations. This review serves as a detailed evaluation of the development of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, their effectiveness, and challenges to their deployment as a preventive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira A Shishido
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashley H Barnes
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shivakumar Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel V Chua
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Krifors A, Freyhult E, Rashid Teljebäck M, Wallin RPA, Winqvist O, Månsson E. Long-lasting T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens after vaccination-a prospective cohort study of HCWs working with COVID-19 patients. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:142-148. [PMID: 36369711 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2142662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of hospitalisation and death, but vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against the spike protein (IgG S) decline over time. Less is known about the nature of the vaccine-induced T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. METHODS IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid protein (IgG N), IgG S, and T-cell response towards SARS-CoV-2 antigens were determined in samples taken between November 2020 and November 2021 from a cohort of healthcare workers at an Infectious Diseases Department. RT-PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 was encouraged once every four weeks in addition to testing when symptomatic or identified through contact tracing. Vaccination data were collected at the end of the study. RESULTS At inclusion, T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was found in 10/15 (66.7%) of participants with a previous/current COVID-19 infection and in 9/54 (16.7%) of participants with no prior/current history of COVID-19 infection. All participants with complete follow-up (n = 59) received two doses of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during the study. All participants demonstrated detectable IgG (S) antibodies at the end of the study, in median 278 days (IQR 112) after the second vaccine dose. All but four participants displayed T-cell responses towards SARS-CoV-2 antigens. IgG S antibody levels correlated with time since the second vaccine dose. In addition, previous COVID-19 infection and the strength of the S1 T-cell response correlated with IgG S antibody levels. However, no correlation was demonstrated between the strength of the T-cell response and time since the second vaccine dose. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination induces robust T-cell responses that remain for at least nine months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Krifors
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Västmanlands Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Clinical Research, Region Västmanland-Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Freyhult
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Västmanlands Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Emeli Månsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Västmanlands Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.,Centre of Clinical Research, Region Västmanland-Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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B cell response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:13. [PMID: 36717688 PMCID: PMC9886211 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited longitudinal data are available on immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWHIV); therefore, new evidence on induction and persistence of spike-specific antibodies and B cells is needed. METHODS In this pilot study we investigated the spike-specific humoral and B cell responses up to six months after vaccination with two doses of mRNA vaccines in 84 PLWHIV under antiretroviral therapy compared to 79 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS Spike-specific IgG persisted six months in PLWHIV with no significant differences compared to HCs, even though a significantly lower IgG response was observed in patients with CD4+ T cells < 350/mmc. The frequency of subjects with antibodies capable of inhibiting ACE2/RBD binding was comparable between PLWHIV and HCs a month after the second vaccine dose, then a higher drop was observed in PLWHIV. A comparable percentage of spike-specific memory B cells was observed at month six in PLWHIV and HCs. However, PLWHIV showed a higher frequency of spike-specific IgD- CD27- double-negative memory B cells and a significantly lower rate of IgD- CD27+ Ig-switched memory B cells compared to HCs, suggesting a reduced functionality of the antigen-specific memory B population. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 elicits humoral and B cell responses quantitatively similar between PLWHIV and HCs, but there are important differences in terms of antibody functionality and phenotypes of memory B cells, reinforcing the notion that tailored vaccination policies should be considered for these patients.
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Li H, Cai D, Jiang D, Li X, Liao X, Liu D, Liu Z, Zhu P, Yin G, Ming J, Peng M, Chen M, Ling N, Lan Y, Zhang D, Hu P, Ren H. Risk of waning humoral responses after inactivated or subunit recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic diseases: Findings from a prospective observational study in China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28434. [PMID: 36571260 PMCID: PMC9880742 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of antibody responses has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recipients with underlying diseases. We investigated the impact of the presence of comorbidities on the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic disease (PWCD) and assessed the effect of the number of comorbidities on the humoral response to vaccination. In this study, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD-IgG) were monitored following a full-course vaccination. In total, 1400 PWCD (82.7%, inactivated vaccines; 17.3%, subunit recombinant vaccine) and 245 healthy controls (65.7% inactivated vaccines, 34.3% subunit recombinant vaccine) vaccinated with inactivated or subunit recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, were included. The seroconversion and antibody levels of the NAbs and RBD-IgG were different in the PWCD group compared with those in the control group. Chronic hepatitis B (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.93), cancer (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.99), and diabetes (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.89) were associated with lower seroconversion of NAbs. Chronic kidney disease (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.76), cancer (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.23-0.62), and diabetes (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20-0.69) were associated with lower seroconversion of RBD-IgG. Only the presence of autoimmune disease showed significantly lower NAbs and RBD-IgG titers. Patients with most types of chronic diseases showed similar responses to the controls, but humoral responses were still significantly associated with the presence of ≥2 coexisting diseases. Our study suggested that humoral responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are impaired in patients with certain chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of GerontologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zuojin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jia Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ning Ling
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yinghua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Hyun H, Jang AY, Park H, Heo JY, Seo YB, Nham E, Yoon JG, Seong H, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Yoon SY, Seok JH, Kim J, Park MS, Song JY. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous booster vaccination in Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals: Comparison by breakthrough infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131229. [PMID: 36960070 PMCID: PMC10027912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether or not a single-dose Ad26.COV2.S prime and boost vaccination induces sufficient immunity is unclear. Concerns about the increased risk of breakthrough infections in the Ad26.COV2.S-primed population have also been raised. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Participants included healthy adults who were Ad26.COV2.S primed and scheduled to receive a booster vaccination with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2.S. The IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers (against wild type [WT] and Omicron [BA.1 and BA.5]), and Spike-specific interferon-γ responses of the participants were estimated at baseline, 3-4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after booster vaccination. Results A total of 89 participants were recruited (26 boosted with BNT162b2, 57 with mRNA-1273, and 7 with Ad26.COV2.S). The IgG anti-RBD antibody titers of all participants were significantly higher at 6 months post-vaccination than at baseline. The NAb titers against WT at 3 months post-vaccination were 359, 258, and 166 in the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively. Compared with those against WT, the NAb titers against BA.1/BA.5 were lower by 23.9/10.9-, 16.6/7.4-, and 13.8/7.2-fold in the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively, at 3 months post-vaccination. Notably, the NAb titers against BA.1 were not boosted after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Breakthrough infections occurred in 53.8%, 62.5%, and 42.9% of the participants from the BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273-, and Ad26.COV2.S-boosted groups, respectively. No significant difference in humoral and cellular immunity was found between individuals with and without SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Conclusion Booster vaccination elicited acceptable humoral and cellular immune responses in Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals. However, the neutralizing activities against Omicron subvariants were negligible, and breakthrough infection rates were remarkably high at 3 months post-booster vaccination, irrespective of the vaccine type. A booster dose of a vaccine containing the Omicron variant antigen would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjun Hyun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineui Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Man-Seong Park, ; Joon Young Song,
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Research and Development, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Man-Seong Park, ; Joon Young Song,
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Yin J, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Seroconversion rate after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2119763. [PMID: 36161976 PMCID: PMC9746490 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with solid cancer have an increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated mortality than the general population. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the currently available evidence about the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with solid cancer. We included prospective studies comparing the immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines between patients with solid cancer and healthy individuals. Relative risks of seroconversion after the first and second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine were separately pooled with the use of random effects meta-analysis. Thirty studies with 11,245 subjects met the inclusion criteria. After first vaccine dose, the pooled RR of seroconversion in patients with solid cancer vs healthy individuals was 0.54 (95% CI 0.38-0.78, I2 = 94%). After a second dose, the pooled RR of seroconversion in patients with solid cancer vs healthy controls was 0.87 (0.86-0.88, I2 = 87%). Our review suggests that, compared with healthy individuals, COVID-19 vaccines show favorable immunogenicity and efficacy in patients with solid cancer. A second dose is associated with significantly improved seroconversion, although it is slightly lower in patients with solid cancer compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Retrospective study of the immunogenicity and safety of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with underlying medical conditions. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:151. [PMID: 36434092 PMCID: PMC9700702 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with chronic disease, particularly seniors (≥60 years old), made up of most severe symptom and death cases among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. However, they are lagging behind in the national COVID-19 vaccination campaign in China due to the uncertainty of vaccine safety and effectiveness. Safety and immunogenicity data of COVID-19 vaccines in people with underlying medical conditions are needed to address the vaccine hesitation in this population. METHODS We included participants (≥40 years old) who received two doses of CoronaVac inactivated vaccines (at a 3-5 week interval) and were healthy or had at least one of 6 common chronic diseases. The incidence of adverse events after vaccination was monitored. Vaccine immunogenicity was studied by determining neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses post vaccination. RESULTS Here we show that chronic diseases are associated with a higher rate of mild fatigue following the first dose of CoronaVac. By day 14-28 post vaccination, the neutralizing antibody level shows no significant difference between disease groups and healthy controls, except for people with coronary artery disease (p = 0.0287) and chronic respiratory disease (p = 0.0416), who show moderate reductions. Such differences diminish by day 90 and 180. Most people show detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses at day 90 and day 180 without significant differences between disease groups and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the comparable safety, immunogenicity and cellular immunity memory of CoronaVac in seniors and people living with chronic diseases. This data should reduce vaccine hesitancy in this population.
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Pettini E, Medaglini D, Ciabattini A. Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058748. [PMID: 36505416 PMCID: PMC9729280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a fundamental role in host defenses against viral infections. Profiling the B cell response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including the generation and persistence of antigen-specific memory B cells, is essential for improving the knowledge of vaccine immune responsiveness, beyond the antibody response. mRNA-based vaccines have shown to induce a robust class-switched memory B cell response that persists overtime and is boosted by further vaccine administration, suggesting that memory B cells are critical in driving a recall response upon re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Here, we focus on the role of the B cell response in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, offering an overview of the different technologies that can be used to identify spike-specific B cells, characterize their phenotype using machine learning approaches, measure their capacity to reactivate following antigen encounter, and tracking the maturation of the B cell receptor antigenic affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Franzese M, Coppola L, Silva R, Santini SA, Cinquanta L, Ottomano C, Salvatore M, Incoronato M. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers aged ≤60 years: One year of surveillance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947187. [PMID: 36248864 PMCID: PMC9566572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies induced by the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in a cohort of 163 healthcare workers aged ≤60 years. We have taken advantage of two study groups, both of whom received the first two doses in the same time window, but Group 1 (54 HCWs) received the third dose 2 months before Group 2 (68 HCWs) did. The cohorts were monitored from the 12th day after the first vaccine dose up to 1 month after the third vaccine dose for a total of eight time points and about 1 year of surveillance (T1 = 12 days after the first dose; T2 = 10 days after the second dose; T3 = 1 month after the second dose; T4 = 3 months after the second dose; T5 = 4 months after the second dose; T6 = 5 months after the second dose; T7 = 7 months after the second dose; T8 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 1; T8* = 9 months after the second dose for Group 2; T9 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 2). The mean value of anti-spike antibodies decreased faster over time, but at T7, its decline was significantly slowed (T7 vs. T8*). After the third dose, the anti-spike titer rose about 34-fold (T7 vs. T8 and T8* vs. T9) and the booster improved the anti-spike titer by about three times compared with that of the second dose (T3 vs. T8 and T3 vs. T9), and no difference was noted between the two groups. The neutralizing titer was evaluated at T3, T7, T8, and T9. Anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies were found to be strongly correlated (r2 = 0.980; p < 0.001). At T3, 70% of the participants had a neutralizing antibody titer >91% of total anti-spike antibodies that increased to 90% after the third dose (T8 and T9). However, when the anti-spike titer reached its lowest value (T7), the neutralizing antibody levels decreased even further, representing only 44% of total anti-spike antibodies (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that the third vaccine dose improves the humoral response, but the wane of the anti-spike and neutralizing antibody titers over time is more marked in the neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Franzese
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Silva
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Cinquanta
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo Ottomano
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Incoronato
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mariarosaria Incoronato,
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Fiorino F, Ciabattini A, Sicuranza A, Pastore G, Santoni A, Simoncelli M, Polvere J, Galimberti S, Baratè C, Sammartano V, Montagnani F, Bocchia M, Medaglini D. The third dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines enhances the spike-specific antibody and memory B cell response in myelofibrosis patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017863. [PMID: 36248803 PMCID: PMC9556722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 using mRNA-based vaccines has been highly recommended for fragile subjects, including myelofibrosis patients (MF). Available data on the immune responsiveness of MF patients to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the impact of the therapy with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, are still fragmented. Here, we profile the spike-specific IgG and memory B-cell response in MF patients, treated or not with ruxolitinib, after the second and the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 (BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples were collected before vaccination, post the second and the third doses and tested for spike-specific antibodies, ACE2/RBD antibody inhibition binding activity and spike-specific B cells. The third vaccine dose significantly increased the spike-specific IgG titers in both ruxolitinib-treated and untreated patients, and strongly enhanced the percentage of subjects with antibodies capable of in vitro blocking ACE2/RBD interaction, from 50% up to 80%. While a very low frequency of spike-specific B cells was measured in blood 7 days after the second vaccination dose, a strong and significant increase was elicited by the third dose administration, generating a B cell response similar to the one detected in healthy controls. Despite the overall positive impact of the third dose in MF patients, two patients that were under active concomitant immunosuppressive treatment at the time of vaccination, and a patient that received lymphodepleting therapies in the past, remained low responders. The third mRNA vaccine dose strongly increases the SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and B cell responses in MF patients, promoting a reactivation of the immune response similar to the one observed in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Adele Santoni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Simoncelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Polvere
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratè
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sammartano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donata Medaglini, ; Monica Bocchia,
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donata Medaglini, ; Monica Bocchia,
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Vremera T, Furtunescu FL, Leustean M, Rafila A, David A, Radu I, Cornienco AM, Gatea A, Ilie C, Iancu LS, Pistol A. Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike/RBD antibodies in vaccinated elderly from residential care facilities in Romania, April 2021. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:944820. [PMID: 38455297 PMCID: PMC10910916 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.944820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and related mortality in elderly from residential care facilities are high. The aim of this study was to explore the immune status after COVID-19 vaccination in people 65 years and older. Methods The study involved volunteer participants living in residential care facilities. The level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies was measured at 2-12 weeks after complete vaccination, using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Abbott). Results We have analyzed 635 serum samples collected from volunteers living in 21 Residential Care Facilities. With one exception, in which the vaccination was done with the Moderna vaccine, all volunteers received the Pfizer-Comirnaty vaccine. Individuals enrolled in the study had ages between 65-110 years (median 79 years). Of the people tested, 54.8% reported at least one comorbidity and 59.2% reported having had COVID-19 before vaccination. The presence of anti-S/RBD antibodies at a protective level was detected in 98.7% of those tested (n = 627 persons) with a wide variation of antibody levels, from 7.1 to 5,680 BAU/ml (median 1287 BAU/ml). Antibody levels appeared to be significantly correlated to previous infection (r = 0.302, p = 0.000). Conclusions The study revealed the presence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in a significant percentage of those tested (98.7%). Of these, more than half had high antibody levels. Pre-vaccination COVID-19 was the only factor found to be associated with higher anti-S/RBD levels. The significant response in elderly people, even in those with comorbidities, supports the vaccination measure for this category, irrespective of associated disabilities or previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Vremera
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, EUPHEM Path, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
- National Center for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ligia Furtunescu
- National Center for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Complementary Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Leustean
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Rafila
- Department of Complementary Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina David
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Radu
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Cornienco
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Gatea
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilie
- Seroepidemiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Regional Centre for Public Health Bucharest, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Smaranda Iancu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Regional Centre for Public Health Iasi, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Pistol
- National Center for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Complementary Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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