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Snir O, Elgart M, Gnainsky Y, Goldsmith M, Ciabrelli F, Dagan S, Aviezer I, Stoops E, Cavalli G, Soen Y. Organ transformation by environmental disruption of protein integrity and epigenetic memory in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002629. [PMID: 38805504 PMCID: PMC11161060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in understanding epigenetic reprogramming of cells, the mechanistic basis of "organ reprogramming" by (epi-)gene-environment interactions remained largely obscure. Here, we use the ether-induced haltere-to-wing transformations in Drosophila as a model for epigenetic "reprogramming" at the whole organism level. Our findings support a mechanistic chain of events explaining why and how brief embryonic exposure to ether leads to haltere-to-wing transformations manifested at the larval stage and on. We show that ether interferes with protein integrity in the egg, leading to altered deployment of Hsp90 and widespread repression of Trithorax-mediated establishment of active H3K4me3 chromatin marks throughout the genome. Despite this global reduction, Ubx targets and wing development genes preferentially retain higher levels of H3K4me3 that predispose these genes for later up-regulation in the larval haltere disc, hence the wing-like outcome. Consistent with compromised protein integrity during the exposure, the penetrance of bithorax transformations increases by genetic or chemical reduction of Hsp90 function. Moreover, joint reduction in Hsp90 and trx gene dosage can cause bithorax transformations without exposure to ether, supporting an underlying epistasis between Hsp90 and trx loss-of-functions. These findings implicate environmental disruption of protein integrity at the onset of histone methylation with altered epigenetic regulation of developmental patterning genes. The emerging picture provides a unique example wherein the alleviation of the Hsp90 "capacitor function" by the environment drives a morphogenetic shift towards an ancestral-like body plan. The morphogenetic impact of chaperone response during a major setup of epigenetic patterns may be a general scheme for organ transformation by environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Snir
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Elgart
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Gnainsky
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Filippo Ciabrelli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shlomi Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iris Aviezer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Stoops
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yoav Soen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Kc A, Halme S, Gurung R, Basnet O, Olsson E, Malmqvist E. Association between usage of household cooking fuel and congenital birth defects-18 months multi-centric cohort study in Nepal. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:144. [PMID: 37568204 PMCID: PMC10416396 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND - An estimated 240,000 newborns die worldwide within 28 days of birth every year due to congenital birth defect. Exposure to poor indoor environment contributes to poor health outcomes. In this research, we aim to evaluate the association between the usage of different type household cooking fuel and congenital birth defects in Nepal, as well as investigate whether air ventilation usage had a modifying effect on the possible association. METHODS - This is a secondary analysis of multi-centric prospective cohort study evaluating Quality Improvement Project in 12 public referral hospitals of Nepal from 2017 to 2018. The study sample was 66,713 women with a newborn, whose information was available in hospital records and exit interviews. The association between cooking fuel type usage and congenital birth defects was investigated with adjusted multivariable logistic regression. To investigate the air ventilation usage, a stratified multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS -In the study population (N = 66,713), 60.0% used polluting fuels for cooking and 89.6% did not have proper air ventilation. The prevalence rate of congenital birth defect was higher among the families who used polluting fuels for cooking than those who used cleaner fuels (5.5/1000 vs. 3.5/1000, p < 0.001). Families using polluting fuels had higher odds (aOR 1.49; 95% CI; 1.16, 1.91) of having a child with a congenital birth defect compared to mothers using cleaner fuels adjusted with all available co-variates. Families not using ventilation while cooking had even higher but statistically insignificant odds of having a child with congenital birth defects (aOR 1.34; 95% CI; 0.86, 2.07) adjusted with all other variates. CONCLUSION - The usage of polluted fuels for cooking has an increased odds of congenital birth defects with no significant association with ventilation. This study adds to the increasing knowledge on the adverse effect of polluting fuels for cooking and the need for action to reduce this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kc
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinargatan 18, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sanni Halme
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rejina Gurung
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Division, Golden Community, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Omkar Basnet
- Research Division, Golden Community, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Erik Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Huang W, Fu J, Yuan Z, Gu H. Impact of prenatal exposure to metallic elements on neural tube defects: Insights from human investigations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114815. [PMID: 36948008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metallic elements play a pivotal role in maternal and fetal health. Metals can cross the placental barrier and be absorbed by fetuses, where they may affect closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. Neural tube defects (NTDs), which result from aberrant closure of the neural tube three to four weeks post-conception, have a multifactorial and complex etiology that combines genetic variants and environmental exposure. Recent advances in population-level association studies have investigated the link between maternal environmental exposure and NTDs, particularly the influence of metals on the incidence of NTDs. Herein, we present a broad and qualitative review of current literature on the association between maternal and prenatal metal exposure via the maternal peripheral blood, amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord, and maternal hair, and the risk of developing NTDs. Specifically, we identify the various aggravating or attenuating effects of metallic exposure on the risk of NTD formation. This review provides novel insights into the association between environmental metals and NTDs and has important applications for NTD prevention and mitigating environmental exposure to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Diagnostic Value and High-Risk Factors of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography Combined with Four-Dimensional Ultrasonography in Prenatal Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Congenital Malformations. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7082832. [PMID: 35866037 PMCID: PMC9296308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7082832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study mainly analyzes the diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US) combined with four-dimensional ultrasonography (4D-US) in prenatal ultrasound screening of fetal congenital malformations (CMs) and explores the high-risk factors affecting fetal malformations. Methods. The clinical and imaging data of 2247 pregnant women who underwent prenatal fetal malformation screening in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between February 2020 and October 2021 were collected and analyzed, retrospectively. All pregnant women underwent 2D-US, and those with suspected fetal malformations were further inspected by 4D-US. The accuracy of ultrasound examination results relative to actual pregnancy outcomes was analyzed, taking the neonatal malformation after induced labor or actual delivery as the gold standard, and the risk factors influencing the occurrence of fetal malformations were discussed. Results. A total of 87 cases (3.87%) of fetal malformations were detected out of the 2247 parturients examined. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 2D-US diagnosis were 81.40%, 43.68%, and 82.92%, respectively, while the data were 83.67%, 51.72%, and 84.95% for 4D-US, respectively, and 93.59%, 90.80%, and 93.70%, respectively, for 2D-US +4D-US. The combined diagnosis of 2D-US +4D-US achieved statistically higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than either of them alone. One-way analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the independent risk factors affecting fetal malformation were
, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, medication during pregnancy, toxic exposure during pregnancy, and history of seropositive for TORCH-IgM. Folic acid supplementation was a protective factor. Conclusions. Prenatal US is an effective approach for screening fetal malformations. 2D-US +4D-US can effectively improve the diagnostic rate of fetal malformations. For pregnant women with high-risk factors, prevention should be given priority, and prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis should be standardized to reduce the occurrence of fetal malformations.
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Yin S, Tian T, Wang C, Wang D, Pi X, Liu M, Jin L, Liu J, Wang L, Li Z, Ren A, Yin C. Prenatal uranium exposure and risk for fetal neural tube defects: A case-control study in women living in a rural area of northern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127466. [PMID: 34653865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of uranium exposure on human health are well-known; less is known, however, regarding its association with congenital malformations. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between prenatal exposure to uranium and risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) using the concentration of uranium in placental tissue as an exposure marker in 408 NTD cases and 593 healthy controls. Uranium concentration was quantified with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The odds ratios of NTDs for uranium exposure levels, categorized into quartiles, were estimated using logistic regression. The median concentration of uranium in the NTD group (0.409 ng/g) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.218 ng/g). The risk for NTDs increased 2.52-fold (95% CI, 1.85-3.45) for concentrations of uranium above the median value for all participants. After adjusting for confounders, the risk for NTDs increased 1.36-fold (95% CI, 1.25-6.17), 1.77-fold (95% CI, 1.09-2.85), and 3.60-fold (95% CI, 2.30-5.64) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of uranium concentrations compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. Prenatal exposure to uranium is a risk factor for NTDs in this population. Prospective studies are needed to further validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital); Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Eales J, Bethel A, Galloway T, Hopkinson P, Morrissey K, Short RE, Garside R. Human health impacts of exposure to phthalate plasticizers: An overview of reviews. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106903. [PMID: 34601394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review of reviews, we overview the current global body of available evidence from structured reviews of epidemiological studies that explore human health outcomes associated with exposure to phthalates (chemical plasticisers commonly found in plastics). We found robust evidence for an association with lower semen quality, neurodevelopment and risk of childhood asthma, and moderate to robust evidence for impact on anogenital distance in boys. We identified moderate evidence for an association between phthalates/metabolites and low birthweight, endometriosis, decreased testosterone, ADHD, Type 2 diabetes and breast/uterine cancer. There was some evidence for other outcomes including anofourchette distance, fetal sex hormones, pre-term birth, lower antral follicle count, reduced oestrodiol, autism, obesity, thyroid function and hearing disorders. We found no reviews of epidemiological human studies on the impact of phthalates from recycled plastics on human health. We recommend that future research should use urine samples as exposure measures, consider confounders in analyses and measure impacts on female reproductive systems. Our findings align with emerging research indicating that health risks can occur at exposure levels below the "safe dose" levels set out by regulators, and are of particular concern given potential additive or synergistic "cocktail effects" of chemicals. This raises important policy and regulatory issues for identifying and controlling plastics and health related impacts and highlights a need for more research into substances of concern entering plastics waste streams via recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eales
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, UK.
| | - A Bethel
- PenARC, University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - T Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Streatham Campus, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - P Hopkinson
- Exeter Centre for Circular Economy, University of Exeter Business School, Streatham Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - K Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - R E Short
- Stockholm University, Frescativägen, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Garside
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, UK
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7
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Wang L, Duan W, Zhao Y, Sun G, Lin Y, Gao Y. The exposure levels of phthalates in pregnant women and impact factors of fetal malformation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S622-S631. [PMID: 34766523 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211049551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Urine samples were collected from 157 women with fetal malformations (case group) and 147 women with normal fetuses (control group). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to detect the content of eight metabolites of phthalate compounds in urine, including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mononbutyl phthalate (MBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). Demographic data were collected from questionnaires administered in specimen collection. RESULTS The exposure level of MEOHP and MEHP in the case group was higher than the others. And there were significant differences between structural malformations and chromosomal malformations in the levels of MEHHP and MEOHP. Pregnant women with low income, high body mass index (BMI), frequent plastic contact, and low nutrients intake were at risk of suffering from fetal malformation. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the correlation between the concentration of phthalates and fetal malformation. In addition, decreasing plastic exposure and supplementing nutrients may reduce the incidence of fetal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Nursing Department, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, 477167Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Mesquita I, Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Update about the disrupting-effects of phthalates on the human reproductive system. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:650-672. [PMID: 34617353 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are synthetic chemicals used in the plastic industry as plasticizers and consumable products. According to United Nations, about 400 million tons of plastic are produced every year. In parallel with increased production, the concerns about its effects on human health have increased because phthalates are endocrine-disrupting compounds. Humans are continuously exposed to phthalates through different routes of exposure. Experimental data have associated the phthalates exposure to adverse effects on development and reproduction in women (e.g., earlier puberty, primary ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, preterm birth, or in vitro fertilization) and men (e.g., anogenital distance, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and changes in adult reproductive function) although there is no consensus. Therefore, one question arises: could the increase in infertility be related to phthalates exposure? To answer this question, we aimed to assess the disrupting-effects of phthalates on the human reproductive system. For this, we reviewed the current literature based on epidemiological and experimental data and experimental studies in humans. The phthalate effects were discussed in a separate mode for female and male reproductive systems. In summary, phthalates induce toxicity in the reproductive system and human development. The increased plastic production may be related to the increase in human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mesquita
- CHUCB, University Hospital Centre of Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lorigo
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Yan F, Liu H, Zhang H, Yi L, Wu Y, Deng C, Qiu Y, Ma X, Li Q, Yang F, Xu W, Tao J, Buonocore JJ, Zhan Y, Dai L. Association between maternal exposure to gaseous pollutants and atrial septal defect in China: A nationwide population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111472. [PMID: 34097890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollutants and congenital heart defects (CHD) remains unclear. The concentration-response relationship and the time windows of susceptibility to gaseous pollutants may vary by pollutant species and CHD subtypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal exposures to four species of gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and CO) and atrial septal defect (ASD), which is a common subtype of CHD, and to determine the critical time windows of susceptibility for each gaseous pollutant. METHODS Among 1,253,633 infants born between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016 in China, 1937 newborns were diagnosed with isolated ASD, a prevalence of 1.55‰. Maternal exposures to the gaseous pollutants were estimated by matching the geocoded maternal addresses with the gridded ambient concentrations. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) between exposures and ASD were quantified by using mixed-effects logistic regression models. RESULTS We found significantly positive associations between ASD and maternal exposures to NO2, O3, SO2, and CO during entire pregnancy, first-, second-, and third-trimester. However, no statistically significant association was found between maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and ASD risk (P > 0.05). In the fully adjusted model with respect to average exposure over entire pregnancy, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each 10 μg/m3 increment of NO2, O3, SO2 were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22-1.45), 1.13 (95% CI: 1.10-1.16), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.20-1.35), respectively; the aOR for each 100 μg/m3 increment of CO was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06-1.15). The observed concentration-response relationships varied by exposure periods and pollutants, with the strongest association for NO2 during the 1st-8th embryology weeks, for O3 during the third trimester, for SO2 during the second trimester, and for CO without obvious variation. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an increased risk of ASD in association with maternal exposures to four common gaseous pollutants. From the perspective of birth defects prevention and ASD risk mitigation, it is critical to reduce maternal exposure to gaseous pollutants especially during the most susceptible time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yi
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Changfei Deng
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xia Ma
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Tao
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jonathan J Buonocore
- Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Li Dai
- The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Gaspari L, Tessier B, Paris F, Bergougnoux A, Hamamah S, Sultan C, Kalfa N. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disorders of Penile Development in Humans. Sex Dev 2021; 15:213-228. [PMID: 34438394 DOI: 10.1159/000517157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current knowledge on the environmental effects on penile development in humans. The specific focus is on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of natural or manmade substances that interfere with endocrine function, and whether they can induce hypospadias and micropenis in male neonates. Epidemiological data and animal observations first raised suspicions about environmental effects, leading to the testis dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. More recent research has provided stronger indications that TDS may indeed be the result of the direct or indirect effects of EDCs. Drawing on epidemiological and toxicological studies, we also report on the effects of maternal diet and substances like pesticides, phthalates, bisphenol A, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Proximity to contamination hazards and occupational exposure are also suspected to contribute to the occurrence of hypospadias and micropenis. Lastly, the cumulative effects of EDCs and the possibility of transgenerational effects, with the penile development of subsequent generations being affected, raise concerns for long-term public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaspari
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Tessier
- Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Paris
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bergougnoux
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Hamamah
- Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction/DPI et CECOS, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Sultan
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Kalfa
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Surdyk S, Itani M, Al-Lobaidy M, Kahale LA, Farha A, Dewachi O, Akl EA, Habib RR. Weaponised uranium and adverse health outcomes in Iraq: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2020-004166. [PMID: 33619039 PMCID: PMC7903104 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The US military first deployed depleted uranium (DU) weapons in Iraq during the Gulf War in 1990 and in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Research into the health impacts of DU has been mired in debate and controversy. Research funded by the US government has denied the health risks posed by DU to the Iraqi population, while opponents have claimed that DU is responsible for increased rates of birth defects and cancers in Iraq. Others assert that the public health impacts of DU weapons remain uncertain. This systematic review identified, appraised and synthesised all human observational studies assessing adverse health outcomes associated with DU exposure among the Iraqi population. To our knowledge, no systematic review has been conducted on the topic previously. Methods We searched 11 electronic databases for human observational studies published between 1990 and 2020 that measured association between exposure to weaponised uranium and health outcomes (including cancer, birth defects, immune system function and mortality) among the Iraqi population. We assessed risk of bias using the Navigation Guide’s risk of bias tool and rated certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach (PROSPERO: CRD42018108225). Results Our searches identified 2601 records, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. We identified five additional eligible reports from other sources. Two articles reported the results of multiple relevant studies; our final set included 33 articles reporting on 36 eligible studies. Most studies (n=30, 83%) reported a positive association between uranium exposure and adverse health outcomes. However, we found that the reviewed body of evidence suffers from a high risk of bias. Conclusion The available evidence suggests possible associations between exposure to depleted uranium and adverse health outcomes among the Iraqi population. More primary research and the release of missing data are needed to design meaningful health and policy interventions in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Surdyk
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moustapha Itani
- Nature Conservation Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mais Al-Lobaidy
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara A Kahale
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Farha
- Saab Medical Library, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Dewachi
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima R Habib
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Androgens and the masculinization programming window: human-rodent differences. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1725-1735. [PMID: 32779695 PMCID: PMC7458408 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human male reproductive disorders are common and may have a fetal origin - the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. In rats, experimentally induced TDS disorders result from disruption of fetal androgen production/action specifically in the masculinization programming window (MPW). MPW androgen action also programs longer anogenital distance (AGD) in male versus female rats; shorter male AGD is correlated with risk and severity of induced TDS disorders. AGD thus provides a lifelong, calibrated readout of MPW androgen exposure and predicts likelihood of reproductive dysfunction. Pregnant rat exposure to environmental chemicals, notably certain phthalates (e.g. diethyl hexl phthalate, DEHP; dibutyl phthalate, DBP), pesticides or paracetamol, can reduce fetal testis testosterone and AGD and induce TDS disorders, provided exposure includes the MPW. In humans, AGD is longer in males than females and the presumptive MPW is 8-14 weeks' gestation. Some, but not all, epidemiological studies of maternal DEHP (or pesticides) exposure reported shorter AGD in sons, but this occurred at DEHP exposure levels several thousand-fold lower than are effective in rats. In fetal human testis culture/xenografts, DEHP/DBP do not reduce testosterone production, whereas therapeutic paracetamol exposure does. In humans, androgen production in the MPW is controlled differently (human chorionic gonadotrophin-driven) than in rats (paracrine controlled), and other organs (placenta, liver, adrenals) contribute to MPW androgens, essential for normal masculinization, via the 'backdoor pathway'. Consequently, early placental dysfunction, which is affected by maternal lifestyle and diet, and maternal painkiller use, may be more important than environmental chemical exposures in the origin of TDS in humans.
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13
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Nalbandyan M, Papadopoulos EA, Leckman-Westin E, Browne ML. Nongenetic risk factors for infantile cataracts: Systematic review of observational studies. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1112-1129. [PMID: 33949794 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While infantile cataracts are a major cause of childhood blindness, risk factors remain unknown for approximately two-thirds of cases. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception through March 2018, to identify relevant cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, case reports, and case series. We also manually screened bibliographies and consulted with experts in the field to identify additional publications. We reviewed cross-sectional studies, case reports, and case series and provided a narrative summary of the reported potential risk factors. We evaluated methodological qualities of cohort and case-control studies, extracted relevant data, and described statistically significant associations with infant, maternal, and paternal characteristics. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. All discrepancies were discussed with the senior author and resolved by consensus. RESULTS Overall, 110 publications were included in the review, 33 of which were cohort and case-control studies. Most of these studies (n = 32) used population-based data and had either excellent (n = 31) or good (n = 2) methodological quality. Nine studies reported statistically significant associations with infant characteristics (preterm birth, low birth weight), maternal occupations and diseases during pregnancy (untreated hypertension, infections), and paternal sociodemographics (younger age, employment in sawmill industry during pregnancy). CONCLUSIONS This systematic literature review provided a comprehensive summary of the known nongenetic risk factors for infantile cataracts, identified gaps in the literature, and provided directions for future research. Studies identifying modifiable risk factors are warranted to design interventions aimed at primary prevention of infantile cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Nalbandyan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Eleni A Papadopoulos
- Birth Defects Research Section, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Emily Leckman-Westin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA.,New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Marilyn L Browne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA.,Birth Defects Research Section, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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14
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Bourque DK, Meng L, Dougan S, Momoli F, Riddell C, Walker M, Armour CM. Gastroschisis in Ontario, Canada: 2012-2018. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1044-1051. [PMID: 33871183 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the abdomen in which the intestines are found outside of the body at birth. While no clear causative factors have been identified, it is strongly associated with young maternal age. Other reported associations include low maternal socioeconomic status, low maternal body mass index (BMI), and smoking. METHODS This is a retrospective review of epidemiologic data relating to cases of gastroschisis in Ontario from 2012-2018 in the Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario database, which is the province's prescribed maternal-newborn registry. We describe the epidemiology of gastroschisis in Ontario with respect to birth prevalence, maternal age, health, exposures, and geography. RESULTS The birth prevalence of gastroschisis is 2.31 cases/10,000 births. There was no apparent change in birth prevalence over the study period and there was no difference between male and female infants. Gastroschisis was associated with younger maternal ages and was inversely correlated with maternal BMI. Gastroschisis was associated with first completed pregnancy. Maternal diabetes was associated with a lower birth prevalence of gastroschisis than average. Mothers of babies with gastroschsis were more likely to report use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs during pregnancy than those without gastroschisis, with marijuana use showing the largest increase in birth prevalence of gastroschisis. Mothers living in rural areas were more likely to have a baby with gastroschisis than those in urban centers, even after controlling for maternal age. CONCLUSIONS This Ontario registry study reveals that mothers with babies with gastroschisis are more likely to be young and thin, live in rural areas, and report prenatal smoking, alcohol use, and drug use than women whose pregnancies do not have gastroschsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Meng
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley Dougan
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Riddell
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Armour
- Regional Genetics Program, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the pathogenesis of hypospadias; developmental and toxicological perspectives. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:179-191. [PMID: 34345859 PMCID: PMC8320613 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Penis development is regulated by a tight balance of androgens and estrogens. EDCs that impact androgen/estrogen balance during development cause hypospadias. Cross-disciplinary collaborations are needed to define a mechanistic link.
Hypospadias is a defect in penile urethral closure that occurs in approximately 1/150 live male births in developed nations, making it one of the most common congenital abnormalities worldwide. Alarmingly, the frequency of hypospadias has increased rapidly over recent decades and is continuing to rise. Recent research reviewed herein suggests that the rise in hypospadias rates can be directly linked to our increasing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially those that affect estrogen and androgen signalling. Understanding the mechanistic links between endocrine disruptors and hypospadias requires toxicologists and developmental biologists to define exposures and biological impacts on penis development. In this review we examine recent insights from toxicological, developmental and epidemiological studies on the hormonal control of normal penis development and describe the rationale and evidence for EDC exposures that impact these pathways to cause hypospadias. Continued collaboration across these fields is imperative to understand the full impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the increasing rates of hypospadias.
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Key Words
- Androgen
- BBP, benzyl butyl phthalate
- BPA, bisphenol A
- DBP, Σdibutyl phthalate
- DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DEHP, Σdi-2(ethylhexyl)-phthalate
- DHT, dihydrotestosterone
- EDC, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- Endocrine disruptors
- Estrogen
- GT, genital tubercle
- Hypospadias
- NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level
- PBB, polybrominated biphenyl
- PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether
- PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl
- PCE, tetrachloroethylene
- Penis
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Li N, Li J, Zhang Q, Gao S, Quan X, Liu P, Xu C. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in host health: Three-way interactions between environmental exposure, host phenotypic responses, and gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116387. [PMID: 33401209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gradually become a global health hazard in recent decades. Gut microbiota (GM) provides a crucial interface between the environment and the human body. A triad relationship may exist between EDCs exposure, host phenotypic background, and GM effects. In this review, we attempted to parse out the contribution of GM on the alteration of host phenotypic responses induced by EDCs, suggesting that GM intervention may be used as a therapeutic strategy to limit the expansion of pathogen. These studies can increase the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, and help to identify the modifiable environmental factors and microbiota characteristics in people with underlying disease susceptibility for prevention and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, HaiKou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenshen Gao
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Quan
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chundi Xu
- Pediatric Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University. School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chen H, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhao H, Xu S, Xia W, Cai Z, Li Y. Characteristics of exposure to multiple environmental chemicals among pregnant women in Wuhan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142167. [PMID: 32916497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on environmental pollutant exposure during pregnancy have mostly focused on individual chemical substances or single urine measurements. Thus, our understanding of the potential cumulative or interactive effects of exposure is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to ascertain the characteristics and predictors of exposure to environmental chemicals over three trimesters among pregnant women. METHODS We measured the concentrations of 34 chemicals in spot urine samples provided by 745 participants in their early, middle, and late pregnancy. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) between exposure levels of multiple chemicals in each trimester. K-means clustering and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to classify the populations and reduce data dimensionality. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to confirm predictors of each cluster and principal component. RESULTS SCC showed that the correlations of chemical concentrations from the same classes were higher than those among concentrations of different classes. Cluster analysis categorized participants into three clusters, and each cluster represented different chemical concentrations. We restricted the principal components to six, which explained more than 50% of the data variations. Several physiological, socio-demographic factors, and behavior patterns were related to different clusters and principal components. CONCLUSION Distinct exposure patterns and dominant exposure components of multiple environmental chemicals among pregnant women might help research the potential health effects of exposure to chemical mixtures and develop relevant public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ge W, Chen M, Tian W, Chen J, Zhao Y, Xian H, Chen J, Xu Y. Global 3'UTR shortening and down-regulation of repeated element related piRNA play crucial roles in boys with cryptorchidism. Genomics 2021; 113:633-645. [PMID: 33485952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital defect in children's genitourinary system. Decades of research have identified both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology. METHODS Small-RNA/mRNA-seq were performed on testicular tissues from cryptorchidism patients. Downstream analysis included mRNA expression, piRNA expression and miRNA expression. RESULTS We find a global downregulation of repeated element related piRNA expression as well as a global 3'UTR shortening of mRNAs in patients with cryptorchidism. We also find that genes with shortened 3'UTR which are highly enriched in vascular endothelial growth and protein ubiquitination, tend to be up-regulated in cryptorchidism. These results indicate that boys with cryptorchidism may not have normal piRNA functions to protect developmental tissues from transposon invasion. Dysregulated shortened 3'UTR genes may affect normal testicular tissue development. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings also provided the first landscape of gene regulation in cryptorchidism, especially in terms of post-transcriptional regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Ge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinshuang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Xian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunzhao Xu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Yalçin SS, Dönmez Y, Aypar E, Yalçin S. Element profiles in blood and teeth samples of children with congenital heart diseases in comparison with healthy ones. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126662. [PMID: 33126039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some elements were claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects (CHD) and influence the general well-being and health of these children. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the levels of some elements simultaneously in the blood and teeth samples of children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD compared with healthy children. METHODS A total of 39 children with CHD (11 with cyanotic and 28 with acyanotic CHD) and 42 age- and sex-adjusted controls were enrolled. Levels of 13 elements, including magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, strontium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and molybdenum, were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD had significantly lower teeth calcium and calcium/phosphorus ratio as compared to the controls after adjusting for confounders. The mean blood iron level was found to be significantly higher in the cyanotic CHD group compared to the other groups. In addition, children with acyanotic CHD had significantly higher teeth copper levels, higher blood molybdenum and lower blood magnesium levels compared to the healthy control group. Blood cadmium and mercury levels were found to be significantly elevated in both the cyanotic and acyanotic CHD groups compared to the healthy control group. There were no differences in toxic metal levels of teeth in cases with CHD. CONCLUSION Monitoring adequate and balanced gestational micronutrient intake might support not only maternal health but also fetal cardiac development and infant well-being. Supplementation of magnesium should be evaluated in patients having CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıddıka Songül Yalçin
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Dönmez
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Aypar
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Yalçin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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20
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Singleman C, Zimmerman A, Harrison E, Roy NK, Wirgin I, Holtzman NG. Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners and Aroclors on Embryonic Growth and Development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:187-201. [PMID: 33118622 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause significant health and reproductive problems in many vertebrates. Exposure during embryogenesis likely leads to defects in organ development, compromising survival and growth through adulthood. The present study identifies the impact of PCBs on the embryonic development of key organs and resulting consequences on survival and growth. Zebrafish embryos were treated with individual PCB congeners (126 or 104) or one of 4 Aroclor mixtures (1016, 1242, 1254, or 1260) and analyzed for changes in gross embryonic morphology. Specific organs were assessed for defects during embryonic development, using a variety of transgenic zebrafish to improve organ visualization. Resulting larvae were grown to adulthood while survival and growth were assayed. Embryonic gross development on PCB treatment was abnormal, with defects presenting in a concentration-dependent manner in the liver, pancreas, heart, and blood vessel organization. Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 treatment resulted in the most consistently severe and fatal phenotypes, whereas treatments with PCB 104 and Aroclors resulted in a range of more subtle organ defects. Survival of fish was highly variable although the growth rates of surviving fish were relatively normal, suggesting that maturing PCB-treated fish that survive develop compensatory strategies needed to reach adulthood. Life span analyses of fish from embryogenesis through adulthood, as in the present study, are scarce but important for the field because they help identify foci for further studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:187-201. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Singleman
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison Zimmerman
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Elise Harrison
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Nirmal K Roy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isaac Wirgin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathalia G Holtzman
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Costa NZ, Nora CRD, Souto LHD, Carlotto FD, Afonso RDS, Riquinho DL. EXPOSURE TO TOXIC AGROCHEMICALS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS: A SCOPING REVIEW. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to assess whether maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals throughout life causes congenital malformations. Method: a scoping review was carried out on the PUBMED, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science and ATHENA databases between August and September 2019 and updated in December 2020. A cohort and case control study were included, which addressed the effects of parents' exposure throughout their lives to toxic agrochemicals which caused congenital malformation outcomes. Results: the review covered 32 studies published between 2005 and 2020. The main malformations presented are related to the reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, transverse limb deficiencies, digestive system and other malformations such as fetal growth restrictions, cleft palate and congenital heart disease. The most investigated toxic agrochemicals in the studies were the herbicides represented by atrazine. Conclusion: maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals can be associated with greater chances of children being born with congenital malformations, especially those related to the male reproductive system.
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Krajewski AK, Rappazzo KM, Langlois PH, Messer LC, Lobdell DT. Associations between cumulative environmental quality and ten selected birth defects in Texas. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:161-172. [PMID: 32864854 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes of most birth defects are largely unknown. Genetics, maternal factors (e.g., age, smoking) and environmental exposures have all been linked to some birth defects, including neural tube, oral cleft, limb reduction, and gastroschisis; however, the contribution of cumulative exposures across several environmental domains in association with these defects is not well understood. METHODS The Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its domains (air, water, land, sociodemographic, built) were used to estimate county-level cumulative environmental exposures from 2006-2010 and matched to birth defects identified from Texas Birth Defects Registry and live birth records from births in years 2007-2010 (N = 1,610,709). Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 10 birth defects and the EQI. RESULTS We observed some positive associations between worst environmental quality and neural tube, anencephaly, spina bifida, oral cleft, cleft palate, cleft lip with and without cleft palate, and gastroschisis [PR range: 1.12-1.55], but near null associations with limb reduction defects. Among domain specific results, we observed the strongest positive associations with the sociodemographic domain across birth defects but varied positive associations among the air and water domains, and negative or null associations with the land and built domains. Overall, few exposure-response patterns were evident. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the complexities of cumulative, simultaneous environmental exposures in the prevalence rates of 10 selected birth defects. We were able to explore the impact of overall and domain specific environmental quality on birth defects and identify potential domain specific drivers of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Krajewski
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow at United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen M Rappazzo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Danelle T Lobdell
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Lou J, Sun M, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Yuan H, Dai Y, Liang F, He Y, Liu Y. Analysis of tissue from pregnancy loss and aborted fetus with ultrasound anomaly using subtelomeric MLPA and chromosomal array analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3064-3069. [PMID: 32811234 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1808612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and types of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy loss and aborted fetuses with anomaly and compare the performance of subtelomeric MLPA and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in these specimens. METHODS Samples were collected from spontaneous miscarriages, stillbirths and aborted fetuses with anomaly between January 2015 and April 2019. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected using subtelomeric MLPA and CMA. RESULTS Among the 172 miscarriage samples, CMA detected pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities in 88 cases. MLPA could identified all aneuploidies and most pathogenic CNVs, missing all polyploidies; Of the 30 stillbirths, one pathogenic CNV and two VOUS were identified by CMA, all of which were missed from MLPA; Of the 135 aborted fetuses with anomaly, CMA identified pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities in 32 fetuses (23.7%); 18.95% in fetuses with isolated, and 35% in fetuses with multiple anomalies. MLPA can identify all aneuploidies but missing most pathogenic CNVs. CONCLUSION Our systematical comparison of subtelomeric MLPA and CMA for chromosomal analysis of tissue from pregnancy loss and aborted fetuses with anomaly is useful for assessing clinical utility of these techniques. MLPA screening, coupled with CMA analysis, is a cost-effective approach to detect chromosomal abnormalities in miscarriage and anomalous fetuses. However, MLPA might not be appropriate for chromosome analysis in stillbirth without structural anomaly; further research with more samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwu Lou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Manna Sun
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Youqing Fu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Haiming Yuan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yunshi Dai
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Fuxiao Liang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
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Kilcoyne KR, Mitchell RT. Effect of environmental and pharmaceutical exposures on fetal testis development and function: a systematic review of human experimental data. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:397-421. [PMID: 30869130 PMCID: PMC6601394 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall, the incidence of male reproductive disorders has increased in recent decades. Testicular development during fetal life is crucial for subsequent male reproductive function. Non-genomic factors such as environmental chemicals, pharmaceuticals and lifestyle have been proposed to impact on human fetal testicular development resulting in subsequent effects on male reproductive health. Whilst experimental studies using animal models have provided support for this hypothesis, more recently a number of experimental studies using human tissues and cells have begun to translate these findings to determine direct human relevance. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive description of the evidence for effects of prenatal exposure(s) on human fetal testis development and function. We present the effects of environmental, pharmaceutical and lifestyle factors in experimental systems involving exposure of human fetal testis tissues and cells. Comparison is made with existing epidemiological data primarily derived from a recent meta-analysis. SEARCH METHODS For identification of experimental studies, PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English between 01/01/1966 and 13/07/2018 using search terms including ‘endocrine disruptor’, ‘human’, ‘fetal’, ‘testis’, ‘germ cells’, ‘testosterone’ and related search terms. Abstracts were screened for selection of full-text articles for further interrogation. Epidemiological studies involving exposure to the same agents were extracted from a recent systematic review and meta-analysis. Additional studies were identified through screening of bibliographies of full-texts of articles identified through the initial searches. OUTCOMES A total of 25 experimental studies and 44 epidemiological studies were included. Consistent effects of analgesic and phthalate exposure on human fetal germ cell development are demonstrated in experimental models, correlating with evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models. Furthermore, analgesic-induced reduction in fetal testosterone production, which predisposes to the development of male reproductive disorders, has been reported in studies involving human tissues, which also supports data from animal and epidemiological studies. However, whilst reduced testosterone production has been demonstrated in animal studies following exposure(s) to a variety of environmental chemicals including phthalates and bisphenol A, these effects are not reproduced in experimental approaches using human fetal testis tissues. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Direct experimental evidence for effects of prenatal exposure(s) on human fetal testis development and function exists. However, for many exposures the data is limited. The increasing use of human-relevant models systems in which to determine the effects of environmental exposure(s) (including mixed exposures) on development and function of human tissues should form an important part of the process for assessment of such exposures by regulatory bodies to take account of animal–human differences in susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Kilcoyne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.,Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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Fabregues F, González-Foruria I, Peñarrubia J, Carmona F. Ovarian response is associated with anogenital distance in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1696-1704. [PMID: 30016431 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the length of the anogenital distance (AGD) a biomarker of ovarian reserve and response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Shorter AGD is associated with presence of poor ovarian response. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Organ development during prenatal life is influenced by the prevailing intrauterine environment, and it has been suggested that nutritional, environmental and toxic factors could affect ovarian reserve set prenatally. AGD is a biomarker of prenatal-hormonal environment and observational studies have shown an association between its length and reproductive parameters in both sexes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a prospective cohort study of 437 women treated with IVF/ICSI conducted in a tertiary-care university hospital between January and December 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All women underwent their first COS for IVF/ICSI and reached criteria for oocyte retrieval. Based on the number of oocytes obtained, patients were divided into three groups: poor responders (≤3 oocytes) (n = 50), normoresponders (4-15 oocytes) (n = 332) and high responders (>15 oocytes) (n = 55). Before retrieval, the following patient data were recorded: age, body mass index (BMI), ovarian reserve markers (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], antral follicle count [AFC] and follicular stimulation hormone [FSH]), cause of infertility, total doses of gonadotropins used and ovarian sensitivity index (OSI). Patients with previous pregnancies, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis and previous ovarian or genital surgery were excluded. Anthropometric biomarkers of AGDAC (anus-clitoris) and AGDAF (anus-fourchette) were measured in all patients under sedation on the day of retrieval and before proceeding to oocyte pick-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between both AGD and ovarian reserve markers, the total units of gonadotropins used, the number of oocytes obtained and the OSI. Logistic regression was used to predict poor response in COS for IVF/ICSI, while accounting for confounders such as age and BMI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Baseline FSH, AMH, AFC and age were significantly different among the three groups of ovarian response, as were the units of gonadotropin used, and the ovarian sensitivity index (OSI) (P < 0.001). Both AGDAC and AGDAF measurements were positively correlated with AMH levels (r = 0.38 and r = 0.21; P < 0.05), AFC (r = 0.41 and r = 0.20; P < 0.05), the OSI (r = 0.24 and r = 0.19; P < 0.05) and the number of oocytes retrieved (r = 0.29 and r = 0.28, respectively; P < 0.05). Conversely, there was a negative correlation between both AGD measurements and the doses of gonadotropins used (r= -0.19 and r= -0.15; P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of poor response of AGDAC was 0.70 (95% CI 0.66, 0.75), which was comparable to the classic ovarian reserve markers, such as AFC and AMH. AGDAF showed a significantly worse predictive capacity for poor ovarian response (AUC 0.60 [95% CI 0.55, 0.60]) than AMH and AFC. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The population used for the study was a highly selected group of infertile women who underwent COS for IVF, so the findings of this research may not be applicable for general population. Besides, measurement or selection biases might have been possible and must be considered. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings of this study suggest that in utero exposure to certain hormonal environments could affect the ovarian reserve set prenatally. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fabregues
- Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - I González-Foruria
- Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Peñarrubia
- Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Carmona
- Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Spain
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de Mello Santos T, Hinton BT. We, the developing rete testis, efferent ducts, and Wolffian duct, all hereby agree that we need to connect. Andrology 2019; 7:581-587. [PMID: 31033257 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which the rete testis joins the efferent ducts, which joins the Wolffian duct during development, are not known. Mouse and chick models have been helpful in identifying genes that are important for the development of each part, but genes have not been identified as to those that play a role in the joining of each part. Clinical implications of the failure of the male reproductive tract to form a fully functional conduit for spermatozoa are not trivial. Epididymal disjunction, the failure of the efferent ducts to join the testis, is one of several epididymal anomalies that have been observed in some boys who were cryptorchid at birth. OBJECTIVE A systematic review of studies focusing on the morphogenesis of the mesonephric duct and mesonephric tubules in different species, and identification of clinical issues should there be failure of these tissues to develop. DESIGN PubMed and GUDMAP databases, and review of books on kidney development were searched for studies reporting on the mechanisms of morphogenesis of the kidney and epididymis. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Gaps in our knowledge were identified, and hypotheses coupled with suggestions for future experiments were presented. RESULTS A total of 64 papers were identified as relevant, of which 53 were original research articles and 11 were book chapters and reviews covering morphogenesis and clinical issues. Investigators utilized multiple species including, human, mouse, chick, Xenopus, bovine, and sheep. CONCLUSION Fundamental understanding of the morphogenesis of the male reproductive tract is limited, especially the morphogenesis of the rete testis and efferent ducts. Therefore, it is not surprising that we do not understand how each part unites to form a whole. Only one mechanism of joining of one part of the tract to another was identified: the joining of the Wolffian duct to the cloaca via controlled apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Mello Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - B T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Zarean M, Keikha M, Feizi A, Kazemitabaee M, Kelishadi R. The role of exposure to phthalates in variations of anogenital distance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:172-179. [PMID: 30677661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals such as phthalate esters may have adverse effects on anogenital distance (AGD), but the evidence in both genders has not been reviewed systematically. The objective of the present study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that analyzed the relationship between exposure to phthalates and AGD. English papers published up to March 2018 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate-Web of Science, and Google scholar. We applied fixed-effects models to calculate pooled beta coefficient [β]. In the case of heterogeneity, random-effects models were used. Using the comprehensive search strategies, 313 papers were identified and after screening, 10 of them were included in this study. In primary analyses, we found that exposure to phthalates was not associated with short AGD (β = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.27, 0.06; I2 = 0%). However, results of subgroup analyses indicated that in boys, the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (∑DEHP) metabolites had significant association with the risk of shortened anopenile distance (AGDAP) (β = -0.915, 95% CI: 1.629, -0.2) and anoscrotal distance (AGDAS) (β = -0.857, 95% CI: 1.455, -0.26). In addition, urinary monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were associated with short AGDAP. We also observed significant association between monobenzylphthalate (MBzP) and anofourchette distance (AGDAF) in girls. Our study provided findings on significant association of exposure to ∑DEHP metabolites, MBP, MEP, and MiBP with shortened AGDAP in boys. The mechanisms of phthalates effect on AGD may involve receptors and enzymes involved in steroidgenesis, negative influence on Leydig cells, cell proliferation, gonocyte cell numbers, and testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarean
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environmental Health Department, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keikha
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Fu F, Li R, Li Y, Nie ZQ, Lei T, Wang D, Yang X, Han J, Pan M, Zhen L, Ou Y, Li J, Li FT, Jing X, Li D, Liao C. Whole exome sequencing as a diagnostic adjunct to clinical testing in fetuses with structural abnormalities. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:493-502. [PMID: 28976722 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic yield of prenatal whole exome sequencing (WES) for monogenic disorders in fetuses with structural malformations and normal results on cytogenetic testing, and to describe information on pathogenic variants that is provided by WES. METHODS Karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and WES were performed sequentially on stored samples from a cohort of 3949 pregnancies with fetal structural abnormalities detected on ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging, referred between January 2011 and December 2015. Diagnostic rates of the three techniques were investigated overall, for phenotypic subgroups and for proband-only vs fetus-mother-father samples. Information on pathogenic variants was identified by WES. RESULTS Overall, 18.2% (720/3949) of fetuses had an abnormal karyotype. Pathogenic copy number variants were detected on CMA in 8.2% (138/1680) of fetuses that had a normal karyotype result. WES performed on a subgroup of 196 fetuses with normal CMA and karyotype results revealed the putative genetic variants responsible for the abnormal phenotypes in 47 cases (24%). The molecular diagnosis rates for fetus-mother-father and proband-only samples were 26.5% (13/49) and 23.1% (34/147), respectively. Variants of uncertain significance were detected in 12.8% (25/196) of fetuses, of which 22 were identified in the fetal proband-only group (15%; 22/147) and three in the fetus-mother-father group (6.1%; 3/49). The incidental finding rate was 6.1% (12/196). CONCLUSIONS WES is a promising method for the identification of genetic variants that cause structural abnormalities in fetuses with normal results on karyotyping and CMA. This enhanced diagnostic yield has the potential to improve the clinical management of pregnancies and to inform better the reproductive decisions of affected families. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Li
- Guanzghou Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z-Q Nie
- Epidemiology Division, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T Lei
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - D Wang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Han
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Pan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Ou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - F-T Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Jing
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - D Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Fazzo L, Minichilli F, Santoro M, Ceccarini A, Della Seta M, Bianchi F, Comba P, Martuzzi M. Hazardous waste and health impact: a systematic review of the scientific literature. Environ Health 2017; 16:107. [PMID: 29020961 PMCID: PMC5637250 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Waste is part of the agenda of the European Environment and Health Process and included among the topics of the Sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health. Disposal and management of hazardous waste are worldwide challenges. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the evidence of the health impact of hazardous waste exposure, applying transparent and a priori defined methods. The following five steps, based on pre-defined systematic criteria, were applied. 1. Specify the research question, in terms of "Population-Exposure-Comparators-Outcomes" (PECO). POPULATION people living near hazardous waste sites; Exposure: exposure to hazardous waste; Comparators: all comparators; Outcomes: all diseases/health disorders. 2. Carry out the literature search, in Medline and EMBASE. 3. Select studies for inclusion: original epidemiological studies, published between 1999 and 2015, on populations residentially exposed to hazardous waste. 4. Assess the quality of selected studies, taking into account study design, exposure and outcome assessment, confounding control. 5. Rate the confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome taking into account the reliability of each study, the strength of the association and concordance of results.Fifty-seven papers of epidemiological investigations on the health status of populations living near hazardous waste sites were selected for the evidence evaluation. The association between 95 health outcomes (diseases and disorders) and residential exposure to hazardous waste sites was evaluated. Health effects of residential hazardous waste exposure, previously partially unrecognized, were highlighted. Sufficient evidence was found of association between exposure to oil industry waste that releases high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and acute symptoms. The evidence of causal relationship with hazardous waste was defined as limited for: liver, bladder, breast and testis cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, asthma, congenital anomalies overall and anomalies of the neural tube, urogenital, connective and musculoskeletal systems, low birth weight and pre-term birth; evidence was defined as inadequate for the other health outcomes. The results, although not conclusive, provide indications that more effective public health policies on hazardous waste management are urgently needed. International, national and local authorities should oppose and eliminate poor, outdated and illegal practices of waste disposal, including illegal transboundary trade, and increase support regulation and its enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fazzo
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Environmental and Social Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Minichilli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Unit of Environmental epidemiology and disease registries, National Research Council, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Santoro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Unit of Environmental epidemiology and disease registries, National Research Council, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Ceccarini
- Documentation Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Della Seta
- Documentation Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Unit of Environmental epidemiology and disease registries, National Research Council, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Comba
- Department of Environment and Health, Unit of Environmental and Social Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Martuzzi
- Centre for Environment and Health, World Health Organization - Regional Office for Europe, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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Sánchez-Ferrer ML, Mendiola J, Hernández-Peñalver AI, Corbalán-Biyang S, Carmona-Barnosi A, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Nieto A, Torres-Cantero AM. Presence of polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with longer anogenital distance in adult Mediterranean women. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:2315-2323. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María L Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Hernández-Peñalver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Shiana Corbalán-Biyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Ana Carmona-Barnosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - María T Prieto-Sánchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Aníbal Nieto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
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