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Zhang H, Dong L, Guo T, Zhang G, Ye X, He X, Gao Q, Bello MG, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang J. Lutein Loaded in β-Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stability and Solubility Enhancements. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:135. [PMID: 38862657 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein (Lut) is a recognized nutritional supplement known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, crucial in mitigating ocular disease. However, enhancements to Lut stability and solubility remain challenges to be addressed in the healthcare industry. Herein, we fabricated and evaluated a food-grade highly porous β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) for its ability to encapsulate Lut. Lut stability considerably improved when loaded into β-CD-MOF to form a Lut@β-CD-MOF complex, which exhibited better stability than Lut loaded into the γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (Lut@γ-CD-MOF), Lut@β-CD, and commercial product (Blackmores™) at 40°C, 60°C, and 70°C, respectively. The solubility of Lut@β-CD-MOF in water increased by 26.8-fold compared to raw Lut at 37°C. Lut@β-CD-MOF exhibited greater hydrophilicity, as determined by measuring the water contact angle. Molecular docking and other characterizations of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that Lut was successfully encapsulated in the chamber formed by the three cyclodextrins in β-CD-MOF. Thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that Lut distributed in the β-CD-MOF cavity deeply improved Lut stability and solubility. In conclusion, our findings underscored the function of β-CD-MOF in enhancing Lut stability and solubility for formulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Liyun Dong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xiaojian He
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Qingfang Gao
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Mubarak G Bello
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Can Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong, 226000, China.
- Jiangsu Yunshi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226000, China.
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Akkewar AS, Mishra KA, Kamble MG, Kumar S, Dey J, Sethi KK. A mechanistic review on growing multiple therapeutic applications of lutein and its global market research. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3190-3217. [PMID: 38634408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid synthesized by plants and algae that has a beneficial effect on several biological processes and associated ailments. Its immediate application is in ophthalmology, where it significantly lowers the incidences of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also has anti-inflammatory action, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, and enhancement of visual contrast. To critically assess lutein biosynthesis, therapeutic applicability, and market research literature. We have discussed its theoretical frameworks, experimental evidence, limitations, as well as clinical trial results, and future research prospects. The literature for this review article was mined and compiled by collecting and analyzing articles from several databases, including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Patentscope, and ClinicalTrials.gov published until March 30, 2022. Patent publications were identified using the search terms like IC:(C07C67/56) AND EN_AB:(lutein) OR EN_TI:(lutein) OR EN_AB:(extraction) OR EN_TI:(process). According to the literature, lutein is an essential nutrient given that it cannot be synthesized in the human body and acts as an antioxidant, affecting AMD, diabetic retinopathy, Rheumatic diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Due to inadequate production and laborious extraction, lutein is expensive despite its high demand and applicability. Market research predicts a 6.3% compound annual growth rate for lutein by 2032. Optimizing lutein extraction for high yield and purity is necessary. Lutein has proven applicability in various ailments as well as cosmetics that can be developed as a candidate drug for various diseases discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sunil Akkewar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Km Abha Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mahesh Gopichand Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Juhi Dey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Wang H, Han J, Dmitrii G, Zhang XA. Potential Targets of Natural Products for Improving Cardiac Ischemic Injury: The Role of Nrf2 Signaling Transduction. Molecules 2024; 29:2005. [PMID: 38731496 PMCID: PMC11085255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is the leading cause of health loss from cardiovascular disease worldwide. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia during exercise trigger the risk of sudden exercise death which, in severe cases, will further lead to myocardial infarction. The Nrf2 transcription factor is an important antioxidant regulator that is extensively engaged in biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and mitochondrial malfunction. It has a significant role in the prevention and treatment of several cardiovascular illnesses, since it can control not only the expression of several antioxidant genes, but also the target genes of associated pathological processes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 will have great potential in the treatment of myocardial ischemic injury. Natural products are widely used to treat myocardial ischemic diseases because of their few side effects. A large number of studies have shown that the Nrf2 transcription factor can be used as an important way for natural products to alleviate myocardial ischemia. However, the specific role and related mechanism of Nrf2 in mediating natural products in the treatment of myocardial ischemia is still unclear. Therefore, this review combs the key role and possible mechanism of Nrf2 in myocardial ischemic injury, and emphatically summarizes the significant role of natural products in treating myocardial ischemic symptoms, thus providing a broad foundation for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Juanjuan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.W.); (J.H.)
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gorbachev Dmitrii
- General Hygiene Department, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443000, Russia;
| | - Xin-an Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China; (H.W.); (J.H.)
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Botella MÁ, Hellín P, Hernández V, Dabauza M, Robledo A, Sánchez A, Fenoll J, Flores P. Chemical Composition of Wild Collected and Cultivated Edible Plants ( Sonchus oleraceus L. and Sonchus tenerrimus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:269. [PMID: 38256822 PMCID: PMC10819898 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigates the nutritional and bioactive composition, as well as the organoleptic and sensory properties, of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, two wild plant species traditionally used in the gastronomy of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, the effect of cultivation on leaf composition was assessed to explore their potential for large-scale production and commercialization from the point of view of possible losses or gains in quality. Both species were characterized as a good source of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, pro-vitamins and carotenoids, with health-promoting and antioxidant properties that are highly appreciated. The sensory profile revealed a good general acceptance of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, indicating that they could be included in the diet. Although the cultivation of S. oleraceus resulted in a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds when compared to wild-harvested plants, the opposite occurred for vitamin C. In S. tenerrimus, cultivation also increased the concentration of other compounds with important nutritional and healthy properties, such as sugars, organic acids and β-carotene. The results of the composition, organoleptic and sensory properties of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus support the idea of their potential to be used as edible leafy vegetables and as promising assets for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), CIAGRO-Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Virginia Hernández
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Mercedes Dabauza
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Antonio Robledo
- ISLAYA Consultoría Ambiental, S.L., c/Ntra. Sra. de Fátima 34, 30151 Santo Ángel, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alicia Sánchez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - José Fenoll
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Pilar Flores
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Murcia, Spain; (P.H.); (V.H.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (J.F.)
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Wei W, Xu X, Luo Q, Cao L. Associations Between Serum Polar Oxygenated Carotenoids Level and Erectile Dysfunction in Men Older Than 40 Years. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231216905. [PMID: 38102781 PMCID: PMC10725125 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231216905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin are polar oxygenated carotenoids found to be detectable in more than 95% of the population in the United States. Research has linked these carotenoids with lower coronary heart disease prevalence. This study investigates the association of serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin with erectile dysfunction (ED) among middle-aged and older men in the United States. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were independent variables. The outcome variable was ED. Analyzed data from 1,302 men (≥40 years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 cross-sectional study were included. After adjusting for all covariates, serum lutein/zeaxanthin negatively correlated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 0.972, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.951, 0.994], p = .011). However, a U-shaped association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin and ED was detected in men with diabetes or prevalent cardiovascular disease. A U-shaped non-linear association was observed between β-cryptoxanthin levels and ED. These findings suggest that while both lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin are recognized as essential antioxidants, maintaining lower serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and appropriate serum β-cryptoxanthin levels may offer potential benefits for individuals with ED. Further investigations, particularly prospective studies, are warranted to determine the role of serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin in the biological mechanism associated with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangyun Xu
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Leihua Cao
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
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6
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Higuera-Coelho RA, Basanta MF, Rossetti L, Pérez CD, Rojas AM, Fissore EN. Antioxidant pectins from eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit exocarp, calyx and flesh isolated through high-power ultrasound and sodium carbonate. Food Chem 2023; 412:135547. [PMID: 36716626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dried and milled eggplant fruit peel and calyces (PC) and mesocarp, placenta and core (Mes) were utilized as natural sources of valuable chemicals. Pectins were extracted with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (1 h; 23 °C). A high-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment (10 min net time; 12.76 W/cm2 power intensity) in 10:200 (g/mL) powder:water ratio led to the lowest solvent and energy consumptions after the subsequent 0.1 M Na2CO3 stirring, permitting the highest recoveries of uronic acid (UA) from PC and Mes (80.25 and 93.8 %, respectively). Homogalacturonans (>65 % w/w UA) of low degree of methylesterification, of acetylation, and 90,214-138,184 Da molecular weights with low polydispersity (≈1.32-1.40) were obtained. They included released ferulate (≈3.5 mg/100 g) esterified pectins. Antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acid, putrescine and spermidine derivatives, β-carotene, lutein) gave additional technological value to their thickening effect as pectins protected tryptophan, tyrosine, alkyl side chains and sulfhydryl of skim milk proteins from UV-C photo-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Higuera-Coelho
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Basanta
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Rossetti
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB-Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB-Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana N Fissore
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Superfine Marigold Powder Improves the Quality of Sponge Cake: Lutein Fortification, Texture, and Sensory Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030508. [PMID: 36766037 PMCID: PMC9914822 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and optimize the quality and sensory properties of baked products with lutein-enriched marigold flower powder (MP). Lutein-enriched marigold flowers produced via hydroponic methods using LED lights were used as a functional material in sponge cakes to increase lutein content. MP particles were divided into coarse (Dv50 = 315 μm), fine (Dv50 = 119 μm), and superfine MP (Dv50 = 10 μm) fractions and added to the sponge cake after being designated to control (sponge cake prepared without MP), coarse MPS (sponge cake prepared with coarse MP), fine MPS (sponge cake prepared with fine MP), and superfine MPS (sponge cake prepared with superfine MP) groups. The sizes and surface properties of superfine MP particles were more homogeneous and smoother than the other samples. As the particle size decreased, the specific volume increased, whereas baking loss, hardness, and chewiness of the sponge cake decreased. Superfine MP and superfine MPS had the highest lutein content. The flavor of marigold and the overall acceptability of sponge cake with superfine MP were 7.90 ± 0.97 and 7.55 ± 0.76, which represents the highest values among the samples. The results of this study have shown that jet milling can contribute to improvements in texture, lutein content, and sensory qualities for baked products with MP.
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Characterization and Bioactive Potential of Carotenoid Lutein from Gordonia rubripertncta GH-1 Isolated from Traditional Pixian Douban. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223649. [PMID: 36429243 PMCID: PMC9689138 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization and bioactive properties of carotenoid produced by Gordonia rubripertincta GH-1 originating from Pixian Douban (PXDB), the Chinese traditional condiment, was investigated. The produced and purified yellow pigment was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and was identified as carotenoid lutein. Additionally, the bioactive activity of lutein from G. rubripertincta GH-1 was evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging capacity in vitro and feeding zebrafish lutein through aqueous solution. The results showed that the carotenoid lutein had strong antioxidant capacity and a protective effect on zebrafish eye cells, which could inhibit the apoptosis of eye cells in a concentration dependent manner. The results suggested that carotenoid lutein from G. rubripertincta GH-1 could be utilized as a potential source of natural antioxidants or functional additives for food/pharmaceutical industries.
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Chen W, Gao S, Huang Y, Chang K, Zhao X. Addition of Chlorella sorokiniana meal in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Influence on fish growth, gut histology, oxidative stress, immune response, and disease resistance against Aeromonas salmonicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:243-250. [PMID: 36031040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary addition with Chlorella sorokiniana on fish growth, gut histology, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and disease resistance in rainbow trout. Three diets with similar proximate composition and different Chlorella meal levels were formulated. The control diet, 5% Chlorella diet, and 10% Chlorella diet contained 0%, 5% Chlorella meal, and 10% Chlorella meal, respectively. Each diet was assigned to triplicate tanks containing 30 fish (165.3 ± 0.6 g) in each tank. Fish were fed experimental diets for ninety days. The results showed that the addition of 5% Chlorella in the diet significantly increased feed intake by 19.3% and weight gain rate by 17.3% (P < 0.05) without affecting feed efficiency and gut histology. Diets containing Chlorella meal significantly decreased malonaldehyde contents in the plasma after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal significantly increased lysozyme (LZM) activity levels (in the head kidney) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (in the head kidney) and complement component 3 (C3) (in the spleen) contents before the LPS challenge, and simultaneously increased LZM activity levels (in the plasma) and C3 contents (in the plasma and head kidney) after the LPS challenge (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary administration of Chlorella meal significantly increased the survival rate of fish infected with Aeromonas salmonicida (P < 0.05). In conclusion, C. sorokiniana can be used to improve fish growth, antioxidant capacity, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Shiyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Yuchao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Kuo Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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Xiao S, Ahn DU. Enhanced lutein stability under UV-Light and high temperature by loading it into alginate-chitosan complex. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Xanthophyll Carotenoid Lutein Reduces the Invasive Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Increases Its Susceptibility to Tobramycin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137199. [PMID: 35806201 PMCID: PMC9266958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the xanthophyll carotenoid lutein has been qualified as a potential quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To address the potential of this xanthophyll compound as a relevant antivirulence agent, we investigated in depth its impact on the invasion capabilities and aggressiveness of P. aeruginosa PAO1, which rely on the bacterial ability to build and maintain protective barriers, use different types of motilities and release myriad virulence factors, leading to host cell and tissue damages. Our data, obtained on the PAO1 strain, indicate that all-trans lutein (Lut; 22 µM) disrupts biofilm formation and disorganizes established biofilm structure without affecting bacterial viability, while improving the bactericidal activity of tobramycin against biofilm-encapsulated PAO1 cells. Furthermore, this xanthophyll affects PAO1 twitching and swarming motilities while reducing the production of the extracellular virulence factors pyocyanin, elastase and rhamnolipids as well as the expression of the QS-regulated lasB and rhlA genes without inhibiting the QS-independent aceA gene. Interestingly, the expression of the QS regulators rhlR/I and lasR/I is significantly reduced as well as that of the global virulence factor regulator vfr, which is suggested to be a major target of Lut. Finally, an oxidative metabolite of Lut, 3′-dehydrolutein, induces a similar inhibition phenotype. Taken together, lutein-type compounds represent potential agents to control the invasive ability and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa.
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Characterization of Inhibitory Capability on Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Caused by Lutein (β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-Diol), a Dietary Xanthophyll Carotenoid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137186. [PMID: 35806190 PMCID: PMC9266545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein (β,ε-carotene-3,3′-diol), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is found in high concentrations in the macula of the human retina. It has been recognized to exert potential effectiveness in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether and how its modifications on varying types of plasmalemmal ionic currents occur in electrically excitable cells remain incompletely answered. The current hypothesis is that lutein produces any direct adjustments on ionic currents (e.g., hyperpolarization-activated cation current, Ih [or funny current, If]). In the present study, GH3-cell exposure to lutein resulted in a time-, state- and concentration-dependent reduction in Ih amplitude with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. There was a hyperpolarizing shift along the voltage axis in the steady-state activation curve of Ih in the presence of this compound, despite being void of changes in the gating charge of the curve. Under continued exposure to lutein (3 μM), further addition of oxaliplatin (10 μM) or ivabradine (3 μM) could be effective at either reversing or further decreasing lutein-induced suppression of hyperpolarization-evoked Ih, respectively. The voltage-dependent anti-clockwise hysteresis of Ih responding to long-lasting inverted isosceles-triangular ramp concentration-dependently became diminished by adding this compound. However, the addition of 10 μM lutein caused a mild but significant suppression in the amplitude of erg-mediated or A-type K+ currents. Under current-clamp potential recordings, the sag potential evoked by long-lasting hyperpolarizing current stimulus was reduced under cell exposure to lutein. Altogether, findings from the current observations enabled us to reflect that during cell exposure to lutein used at pharmacologically achievable concentrations, lutein-perturbed inhibition of Ih would be an ionic mechanism underlying its changes in membrane excitability.
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Zafar J, Aqeel A, Shah FI, Ehsan N, Gohar UF, Moga MA, Festila D, Ciurea C, Irimie M, Chicea R. Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10910. [PMID: 34681572 PMCID: PMC8535525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Zafar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Naureen Ehsan
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Dana Festila
- Radiology and Maxilo Facial Surgery Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Radu Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
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Leitão DDSTC, Siqueira FC, de Sousa SHB, Mercadante AZ, Chisté RC, Lopes AS. Amazonian Eryngium foetidum leaves exhibited very high contents of bioactive compounds and high singlet oxygen quenching capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1811311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francilia Campos Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Brabo de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Campos Chisté
- Postgraduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Santos Lopes
- Postgraduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
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Nagai N, Minami S, Suzuki M, Shinoda H, Kurihara T, Sonobe H, Watanabe K, Uchida A, Ban N, Tsubota K, Ozawa Y. Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length as Predisease Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051347. [PMID: 32380638 PMCID: PMC7290696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore predisease biomarkers, which may help screen for the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at very early stages, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were analyzed. Thirty late AMD fellow eyes, which are at high risk and represent the predisease condition of AMD, were evaluated and compared with 30 age-matched control eyes without retinal diseases; there was no early AMD involvement in the AMD fellow eyes. MPOD was measured using MPS2® (M.E. Technica Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and PROS length was measured based on optical coherence tomography images. MPOD levels and PROS length in the AMD fellow eyes were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than in control eyes. MPOD and PROS length were positively correlated in control eyes (R = 0.386; p = 0.035) but not in AMD fellow eyes. Twenty (67%) AMD fellow eyes met the criteria of MPOD < 0.65 and/or PROS length < 35 μm, while only five (17%) control eyes did. After adjusting for age and sex, AMD fellow eyes more frequently satisfied the definition (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.50–60.4; odds ratio, 14.6). The combination of MPOD and PROS length may be a useful biomarker for screening predisease AMD patients, although further studies are required in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Sakiko Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Hajime Shinoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideki Sonobe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Atsuro Uchida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Norimitsu Ban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
- St. Luke’s International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
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Nagai N, Asato T, Minami S, Suzuki M, Shinoda H, Kurihara T, Sonobe H, Watanabe K, Uchida A, Ban N, Tsubota K, Ozawa Y. Correlation between Macular Pigment Optical Density and Neural Thickness and Volume of the Retina. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040888. [PMID: 32218119 PMCID: PMC7230595 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular pigment (MP), which is composed of lutein/zeaxanthin/mezo-zeaxanthin, is concentrated in the central part of the retina, the macula. It protects the macula by absorbing short-wavelength light and suppressing oxidative stress. To evaluate whether MP levels are related to retinal neural protection and resulting health, we analyzed the association between the MP optical density (MPOD), and the macular thickness and volumes. Forty-three eyes of 43 healthy adult volunteers (21 men and 22 women; age: 22–48 (average 31.4 ± 1.1) years) were analyzed. Highly myopic eyes (<-6 diopters) were excluded. MPOD was measured using MPS2®, and the neural retinal thickness and volume were measured using optical coherence tomography. The mean MPOD was 0.589 ± 0.024, and it positively correlated with the central retinal thickness (P = 0.017, R = 0.360) and retinal volume of the fovea (1-mm diameter around the fovea; P = 0.029, R = 0.332), parafovea (1–3-mm diameter; P = 0.002, R = 0.458), and macula (6-mm diameter; P = 0.003, R = 0.447). In the macular area (diameter: 6 mm), MPOD was correlated with the retinal neural volume of the ganglion cell layer (P = 0.037, R = 0.320), inner plexiform layer (P = 0.029, R = 0.333), and outer nuclear layer (P = 0.020, R = 0.353). Thus, MPOD may help in estimating neural health. Further studies should determine the impact of MP levels on neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Teru Asato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Sakiko Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Hajime Shinoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideki Sonobe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Atsuro Uchida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Norimitsu Ban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.N.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.A.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (K.W.); (A.U.); (N.B.); (K.T.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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18
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Abstract
Retinal carotenoids are dietary nutrients that uniquely protect the eye from light damage and various retinal pathologies. Their antioxidative properties protect the eye from many retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. As many retinal diseases are accompanied by low carotenoid levels, accurate noninvasive assessment of carotenoid status can help ophthalmologists identify the patients most likely to benefit from carotenoid supplementation. This review focuses on the different methods available to assess carotenoid status and highlights disease-related changes and potential nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sauer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA;, ,
| | - Binxing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA;, ,
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA;, ,
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Carotenoids: How Effective Are They to Prevent Age-Related Diseases? Molecules 2019; 24:E1801. [PMID: 31075966 PMCID: PMC6539799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in life expectancy that indicates positive human development, a new challenge is arising. Aging is positively associated with biological and cognitive degeneration, for instance cognitive decline, psychological impairment, and physical frailty. The elderly population is prone to oxidative stress due to the inefficiency of their endogenous antioxidant systems. As many studies showed an inverse relationship between carotenoids and age-related diseases (ARD) by reducing oxidative stress through interrupting the propagation of free radicals, carotenoid has been foreseen as a potential intervention for age-associated pathologies. Therefore, the role of carotenoids that counteract oxidative stress and promote healthy aging is worthy of further discussion. In this review, we discussed the underlying mechanisms of carotenoids involved in the prevention of ARD. Collectively, understanding the role of carotenoids in ARD would provide insights into a potential intervention that may affect the aging process, and subsequently promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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20
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Fu Y, Yang J, Jiang L, Ren L, Zhou J. Encapsulation of Lutein into Starch Nanoparticles to Improve Its Dispersity in Water and Enhance Stability of Chemical Oxidation. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education); College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jingde Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education); College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Longwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education); College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education); College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education); College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
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21
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Effect of Freeze-Thaw Pretreatment on Extraction Yield and Antioxidant Bioactivity of Corn Carotenoids (Lutein and Zeaxanthin). J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/9843503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a green and low-energy pretreatment method, the effect of freeze-thaw (FT) pretreatment on extraction yield and antioxidant bioactivity of carotenoids of the corn gluten meal (CGM) were evaluated in this study. The CGM particles ruptured in FT treatment due to the repeated damage caused by FT to CGM particles. The carotenoid compounds of pretreated CGM were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Among them, the major carotenoids are lutein and zeaxanthin. The optimized FT pretreatment conditions included freezing temperature of −20°C, moisture content of 100%, and 2 cycles. An increase in the yield of lutein and zeaxanthin was observed in the range of 2.23–16.39 µg/g and 4.66–36.3 µg/g as a result of pretreatment as against 1.17 and 2.52 µg/g of the untreated sample, respectively. Moreover, the release of lutein and zeaxanthin from CGM was facilitated by FT pretreatment and increased the antioxidant activity of the carotenoids.
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22
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An attempt to cast light into lutein extraction and its alkali optimization. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Avalos J, Bonet ML, Boronat A, Gomez-Gomez L, Hornero-Mendez D, Limon MC, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Palou A, Ribot J, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L, Zhu C. A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:62-93. [PMID: 29679619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gomez-Gomez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Damaso Hornero-Mendez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limon
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Color & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria J Rodrigo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Optimization of trans lutein from pumpkin ( Cucurbita moschata ) peel by ultrasound-assisted extraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Merle BMJ, Buaud B, Korobelnik JF, Bron A, Delyfer MN, Rougier MB, Savel H, Vaysse C, Creuzot-Garcher C, Delcourt C. Plasma long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and macular pigment in subjects with family history of age-related macular degeneration: the Limpia Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e763-e769. [PMID: 28271618 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In numerous epidemiological studies, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Beyond their structural, functional and neuroprotective roles, omega-3 PUFAs may favour the retinal accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin and thus increase macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We examined the associations of MPOD with plasma omega-3 PUFAs in subjects with family history of AMD. METHODS The Limpia study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective randomized clinical trial performed in 120 subjects. Subjects with at least one parent treated for neovascular AMD, aged 40-70, with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) >20/25, free of late AMD and other major eye conditions and with no use of supplement containing lutein or zeaxanthin the preceding year were recruited in Bordeaux and Dijon, France. At baseline, MPOD within 1° of eccentricity was measured by modified Heidelberg retinal analyser (Heidelberg, Germany) and plasma omega-3 PUFAs by gas chromatography. Medical history and lifestyle data were collected from a standardized questionnaire. Associations of MPOD with plasma omega-3 PUFAs were assessed at the baseline examination, using mixed linear models adjusted for age, gender, centre, body mass index, smoking, plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lutein+zeaxanthin. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, high MPOD was significantly associated with higher level of plasma docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (β = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.055; p = 0.03). Plasma alpha linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were not significantly associated with MPOD. CONCLUSION In the Limpia study, high MPOD within 1° was significantly associated with higher plasma levels of omega-3 DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte M. J. Merle
- Inserm; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Benjamin Buaud
- ITERG - Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé; Bordeaux France
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Inserm; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Ophthalmology Department; CHU of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Alain Bron
- Ophthalmology Department; CHU of Dijon; Dijon France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Delyfer
- Inserm; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- Ophthalmology Department; CHU of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Hélène Savel
- Pôle Santé Publique USMR; CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG - Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme & Santé; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Cécile Delcourt
- Inserm; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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Jia YP, Sun L, Yu HS, Liang LP, Li W, Ding H, Song XB, Zhang LJ. The Pharmacological Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Visual Disorders and Cognition Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E610. [PMID: 28425969 PMCID: PMC6154331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are dietary carotenoids derived from dark green leafy vegetables, orange and yellow fruits that form the macular pigment of the human eyes. It was hypothesized that they protect against visual disorders and cognition diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), age-related cataract (ARC), cognition diseases, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, uveitis and diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism by which they are involved in the prevention of eye diseases may be due their physical blue light filtration properties and local antioxidant activity. In addition to their protective roles against light-induced oxidative damage, there are increasing evidences that L and Z may also improve normal ocular function by enhancing contrast sensitivity and by reducing glare disability. Surveys about L and Z supplementation have indicated that moderate intakes of L and Z are associated with decreased AMD risk and less visual impairment. Furthermore, this review discusses the appropriate consumption quantities, the consumption safety of L, side effects and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - He-Shui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Li-Peng Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Hui Ding
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xin-Bo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Lai WT, Khong NM, Lim SS, Hee YY, Sim BI, Lau KY, Lai OM. A review: Modified agricultural by-products for the development and fortification of food products and nutraceuticals. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Associations between reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of carotenoids in plasma: a validation study of a web-based food recall for children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3265-3275. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo validate estimated intakes of carotenoid-rich foods from a web-based food recall (WebFR) using carotenoids in blood as an objective reference method.DesignCross-sectional validation study using carotenoids in plasma to evaluate estimated intakes of selected carotenoid-rich foods. Participants recorded their food intake in the WebFR and plasma concentrations of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were measured.SettingSchools and homes of families in a suburb of the capital of Norway.SubjectsA total of 261 participants in the age groups 8–9 and 12–14 years.ResultsSpearman’s rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0·30 to 0·44, and cross-classification showed that 71·6–76·6 % of the participants were correctly classified, when comparing the reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of the corresponding carotenoids in plasma, not including lutein and zeaxanthin.ConclusionsCorrelations were acceptable and cross-classification analyses demonstrated that the WebFR was able to rank participants according to their reported intake of foods rich in α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. The WebFR is a promising tool for dietary assessment among children and adolescents.
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Peng ML, Chiu HF, Chou H, Liao HJ, Chen ST, Wong YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Influence/impact of lutein complex (marigold flower and wolfberry) on visual function with early age-related macular degeneration subjects: A randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Bernstein PS, Li B, Vachali PP, Gorusupudi A, Shyam R, Henriksen BS, Nolan JM. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 50:34-66. [PMID: 26541886 PMCID: PMC4698241 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. In this review article, we first examine the chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, we turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Binxing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Preejith P Vachali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Rajalekshmy Shyam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Bradley S Henriksen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Vision Research Centre, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland.
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Are folates, carotenoids and vitamin C affected by cooking? Four domestic procedures are compared on a large diversity of frozen vegetables. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fratianni A, Mignogna R, Niro S, Panfili G. Determination of Lutein from Fruit and Vegetables Through an Alkaline Hydrolysis Extraction Method and HPLC Analysis. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C2686-91. [PMID: 26540023 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of lutein content, successfully used for cereal matrices, was evaluated in fruit and vegetables. The method involved the determination of lutein after an alkaline hydrolysis of the sample matrix, followed by extraction with solvents and analysis by normal phase HPLC. The optimized method was simple, precise, and accurate and it was characterized by few steps that could prevent loss of lutein and its degradation. The optimized method was used to evaluate the lutein amounts in several fruit and vegetables. Rich sources of lutein were confirmed to be green vegetables such as parsley, spinach, chicory, chard, broccoli, courgette, and peas, even if in a range of variability. Taking into account the suggested reference values these vegetables can be stated as good sources of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fratianni
- Dipt. Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DiAAA), Univ. degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rossella Mignogna
- Dipt. Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DiAAA), Univ. degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Serena Niro
- Dipt. Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DiAAA), Univ. degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Panfili
- Dipt. Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DiAAA), Univ. degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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Lutein Leads to a Decrease of Factor D Secretion by Cultured Mature Human Adipocytes. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:430741. [PMID: 26504594 PMCID: PMC4609459 DOI: 10.1155/2015/430741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Complement plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and trials are currently being conducted to investigate the effect of complement inhibition on AMD progression. We previously found that the plasma level of factor D (FD), which is the rate limiting enzyme of the complement alternative pathway, was significantly decreased following lutein supplementation. FD is synthesized by adipose tissue, which is also the main storage site of lutein. In view of these findings we tested the hypothesis whether lutein could affect FD synthesis by adipocytes. Methods. A cell line of mature human adipocytes was incubated with 50 μg/mL lutein for 24 and 48 h, whereafter FD mRNA and protein expression were measured. Results. Lutein significantly inhibited adipocyte FD mRNA expression and FD protein release into adipocyte culture supernatants. Conclusions. Our earlier observations showing that a daily lutein supplement in individuals with early signs of AMD lowered the level of circulating FD might be caused by blocking adipocyte FD production.
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Association of macular pigment optical density with serum concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in healthy adults. Retina 2015; 35:820-6. [PMID: 25473786 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which reflects lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) in the macula, and background characteristics. METHODS Fifty-five healthy adult volunteers were analyzed. Macular pigment optical density was measured using a heterochromatic flicker photometry technique, and serum concentrations of carotenoids and lipoproteins were by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dietary intake of nutrient was determined by a validated self-administered questionnaire on ingestion frequency. RESULTS Macular pigment optical density was positively correlated with serum concentrations of L and Z and dietary L intake and inversely correlated with serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although MPOD decreased with age (95% confidence interval, -0.011 to -0.002; correlation coefficient, -0.269; P = 0.007), serum L/Z and dietary L intake did not. In contrast, serum oxidized LDL was positively correlated with age (95% confidence interval, 0.69-2.34; correlation coefficient, 0.333; P = 0.0004). After adjusting for age, sex, and oxidized LDL, serum L was positively correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.69; P = 0.000001). After adjusting for age, sex, and serum L, serum oxidized LDL was inversely correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, -0.002 to -0.0004; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Macular pigment optical density was inversely correlated with serum oxidized LDL. Further study to know the impact of oxidized LDL on MPOD may be warranted.
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Lutein intake at the age of 1 year and cardiometabolic health at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:970-8. [PMID: 26286042 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties. Previous studies in adults suggest a beneficial role of lutein on cardiometabolic health. However, it is unknown whether this relation also exists in children; therefore, we aimed to assess the relation between lutein intake at 13 months of age and cardiometabolic outcomes at the age of 6 years. We included 2044 Dutch children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. Diet was measured at 13 months of age with an FFQ. Lutein intake was standardised for energy and β-carotene intake. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, serum lipids and insulin were measured at the age of 6 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure total and regional fat and lean mass. A continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score was created, including the components body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores were created for all outcomes. Multivariable linear regression was performed, including socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Median (energy-standardised) lutein intake was 1317 mcg/d (95% range 87, 6069 mcg/d). There were no consistent associations between lutein intake at 13 months and anthropometrics and body composition measures at 6 years of age. In addition, lutein intake was not associated with a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score, nor was it associated with any of the individual components of the cardiometabolic risk factor score. Results from this large population-based prospective cohort study do not support the hypothesis that lutein intake early in life has a beneficial role for later cardiometabolic health.
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Clean recovery of antioxidant compounds from plant foods, by-products and algae assisted by ultrasounds processing. Modeling approaches to optimize processing conditions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wani TA, Shah AG, Wani SM, Wani IA, Masoodi FA, Nissar N, Shagoo MA. Suitability of Different Food Grade Materials for the Encapsulation of Some Functional Foods Well Reported for Their Advantages and Susceptibility. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2431-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.845814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Antioxidants in Varieties of Chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and Wild Poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.) of Southern Italy. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/923142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenol, flavonoid, tocochromanol (tocopherol and tocotrienol), and carotenoid contents in the edible portion of wild and cultivated varieties of chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and in the basal rosette leaves of the wild species of poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.), known by natives as “paparina,” collected in the countryside of Salento (South Apulia, Italy). We analyzed (1) two cultivars of chicory, the “Catalogna” harvested in the area between S. Pietro Vernotico and Tuturano (Brindisi) and the “Otrantina” harvested in Otranto (Lecce); (2) two wild chicory ecotypes harvested in S. Pietro Vernotico (Brindisi) and Statte (Taranto), respectively; (3) the basal leaves of wild poppy harvested in Sternatia (Lecce). In all samples, our results showed that the hydrophilic antioxidant activity is, generally, higher than the lipophilic activity. Poppy leaves exhibited the highest hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities and the highest concentration of total phenols and flavonoids. Tocopherols were detected only as traces. Among the extracted carotenoids, lutein andβ-carotene were the most abundant in all analyzed samples. Total carotenoid content was greater in wild than in cultivated plants.
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Zhang LH, Xu XD, Shao B, Shen Q, Zhou H, Hong YM, Yu LM. Physicochemical Properties and Bioavailability of Lutein Microencapsulation(LM). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhang
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
| | - Xin-De Xu
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
| | - Bin Shao
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
| | - Qian Shen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Yi-Min Hong
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
| | - Lei-Ming Yu
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory
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Svendsen M, Tonstad S, Heggen E, Pedersen TR, Seljeflot I, Bøhn SK, Bastani NE, Blomhoff R, Holme IM, Klemsdal TO. The effect of kiwifruit consumption on blood pressure in subjects with moderately elevated blood pressure: a randomized, controlled study. Blood Press 2014; 24:48-54. [PMID: 25483553 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2014.976979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kiwifruit contains bioactive substances that may lower blood pressure (BP) and improve endothelial function. We examined the effects of adding kiwifruit to the usual diet on 24-h ambulatory BP, office BP and endothelial function. METHODS In a parallel-groups study, 118 subjects with high normal BP or stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 130-159 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 85-99 mmHg) were randomized to intake of three kiwifruits (intervention) or one apple (control) a day for 8 weeks. Office and 24-h ambulatory BP was measured along with biomarkers of endothelial function including metabolites of nitric oxide (NO) formation and finger photo-plethysmography. RESULTS At randomization, mean 24-h ambulatory systolic/diastolic BP was 133 ± 13/82 ± 9 mmHg (n = 106). After 8 weeks, BP was lower in the group assigned to kiwifruit versus apple intake (between group difference, - 3.6 mmHg [95% CI - 6.5 to - 0.7], p = 0.017 and - 1.9 mmHg [95% CI - 3.6 to - 0.3]; p = 0.040, for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively). Changes in office BP and endothelial function did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Among men and women with moderately elevated BP, intake of three kiwifruits was associated with lower systolic and diastolic 24-h BP compared with one apple a day. The effect may be regulated by mechanisms other than improvement of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Svendsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Section for Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Šivel M, Fišera M, Klejdus B, Kráčmar S, Kubáň V, Golian J, Svobodová B. Lutein in food supplements available on the markets of the Viszegrad countries. POTRAVINARSTVO 2014. [DOI: 10.5219/387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RP-HPLC method with UV-VIS detection was implemented for determination of contents of lutein in food supplements available on the markets in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Altogether, 48 samples of food supplements in three dosage forms (22 samples of tablets, 18 samples of soft capsules, and 8 samples of hard capsules) were analysed. The amounts of lutein specified by the producer complied with their real contents only in 7 samples of the food supplements. Lutein in soft capsules showed the highest stability against oxidation; lutein in tablets was more prone to oxidation and lutein in hard capsules was most susceptible to oxidation process. Out of 21 Czech products, only four fell into the category of satisfactory products, three of them were soft capsules and one was a tablet. Out of 27 products manufactured abroad, only three were evaluated as satisfactory products, all of them were soft capsules, out of 48 analysed food supplement samples just seven fell into the category of satisfactory preparations, eight were evaluated as less satisfactory preparations, five were found inadequate products and 28 samples were labelled unsatisfactory. Only one in six analyzed samples contained the amount of lutein specified by the manufacturer, almost 60% of monitored lutein containing food supplement samples fell into the unsatisfactory product category.
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Functional characterization of extruded rice noodles with corn bran: Xanthophyll content and rheology. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rafi MM, Kanakasabai S, Gokarn SV, Krueger EG, Bright JJ. Dietary lutein modulates growth and survival genes in prostate cancer cells. J Med Food 2014; 18:173-81. [PMID: 25162762 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid pigment present in fruits and vegetables that has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. In this study, we examined the effect of lutein on proliferation and survival-associated genes in prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. We found that in vitro culture of PC-3 cells with lutein induced mild decrease in proliferation that improved in combination treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and other chemotherapeutic agents. Flow cytometry analyses showed that lutein improved drug-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Gene array and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that lutein altered the expression of growth and apoptosis-associated biomarker genes in PC-3 cells. These findings highlight that lutein modulates the expression of growth and survival-associated genes in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Rafi
- 1 Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Promphet P, Bunarsa S, Sutheerawattananonda M, Kunthalert D. Immune enhancement activities of silk lutein extract from Bombyx mori cocoons. Biol Res 2014; 47:15. [PMID: 25027489 PMCID: PMC4101717 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Declining immune function poses an important clinical challenge worldwide and supplementation with natural products that possessing immune enhancing properties is a promising approach for preventing or delaying immune function decline. Cocoons from yellow silkworms are a significant source of lutein, and this unexplored silk extract could be a viable alternative source for dietary lutein. This study assessed immunomodulatory activities of the silk lutein extract. Female BALB/c mice orally received lutein, either as silk or marigold extracts (10 or 20 mg/kg daily), or vehicle only (1% tween 80 in PBS pH 7.4) for 4 weeks. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, specific antibody production, lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production were examined. Results Silk lutein extract increased NK cell activity, and the effect was dose-related whereas marigold lutein extract was ineffective. Silk lutein extract dose-dependently enhanced antibody production in pre-immunized mice but marigold lutein extract had no effect. Feeding with silk lutein extract increased the populations of CD3+ and CD4 + CD3 + cells. Silk lutein extract also stimulated concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, silk lutein extract increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production while the effect of marigold lutein extract was undetectable. Conclusions Together, silk lutein extract enhanced both innate and adaptive immune functions. This preparation may prove to be an effective supplement for strengthened immunity.
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Domingos L, Xavier A, Mercadante A, Petenate A, Jorge R, Viotto W. Oxidative stability of yogurt with added lutein dye. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:616-23. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee J, Hwang YS, Lee JD, Chang WS, Choung MG. Metabolic alterations of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of two soybean sprout varieties. Food Chem 2013; 141:3177-82. [PMID: 23871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic changes of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) sprout varieties, 'Pungsannamulkong' and 'Bosug', have been studied. Seeds were germinated at 20 °C with 80% humidity in the darkness and sampled at 2 day intervals for 10 days. Partial least squares (PLS) scores plot showed that the responses of three metabolites during germination were linearly linked with each other except for day 2 in both varieties. PLS loading plots indicated that lutein content in whole sprout and cotyledon was closely associated with germination in 'Pungsannamulkong' while the chlorophyll a content in whole sprouts was highly linked with germination in 'Bosug'. Heatmap analyses revealed that lutein and β-carotene levels, but not those of chlorophyll a, accumulated in whole soybean sprouts and cotyledon. While hypocotyls did not accumulate lipophilic pigments during germination, the accumulation of lutein and β-carotene in the cotyledons was greater in 'Pungsannamulkong' than in 'Bosug' sprouts. In addition, the contents of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a increased from those in the seeds. Overall, the metabolic changes of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination are affected not only by variety but also by organ type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Lee
- USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
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Nidhi B, Baskaran V. Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of lutein in lutein-deficient mice. J Food Sci 2013; 78:T1636-T1642. [PMID: 24024482 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lutein consumption is lower than the actual recommended allowances to prevent macular degeneration; thus dietary lutein supplements have been recommended. This study aimed to investigate potential adverse effect of lutein from Tagetes erecta in lutein-deficient (LD) male mice. Preliminary acute toxicity study revealed that the LD50 exceeded the highest dose of 10000 mg/kg BW. In a subacute study, male mice were gavaged with 0, 100, 1000 mg/kg BW/day for a period of 4 wk. Plasma lutein levels increased dose dependently (P < 0.01) after acute and subacute feeding of lutein in LD mice. Compared to the control (peanut oil without lutein) group, no treatment-related toxicologically significant effects of lutein were prominent in clinical observation, ophthalmic examinations, body, and organ weights. Further, no toxicologically significant findings were eminent in hematological, histopathological, and other clinical chemistry parameters. In the oral subacute toxicity study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for lutein in LD mice was determined as 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhatiwada Nidhi
- Dept. of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst., Mysore-570 020, India
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Dept. of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst., Mysore-570 020, India
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