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Yoruk NG, Istanbullu Paksoy Ö. GC/MS evaluation of the composition of the Aloe vera gel and extract. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101536. [PMID: 38974202 PMCID: PMC11225652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential use of Aloe vera (AV) as a food additive given its critical importance in food safety and health. Specifically, the natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of AV were examined to prevent food spoilage and extend its shelf life. This study was conducted using commercially available aloe vera gel (AVG) and aloe vera extract (AVE). These samples were tested using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis involves identifying and quantifying the components using natural helium gas. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of these components were evaluated and compared with those reported in the literature. GC-MS analysis revealed that the Aloe vera gel and extract contained various volatile components, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinone glycosides, and different esters. According to GC-MS results of the two different forms of AV, the main volatile compounds of the gel form were levoglucosan, tridecanoic acid, decanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, nonadeca-1.18-diyn-4.16-diol and squalene, whereas the extract form contained volatile compounds with antifungal activity such as tridecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, nonanoic acid and eicosyl acetate. Both samples exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal activities, especially against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Escherichia coli. This study demonstrated the potential of Aloe vera gel and extract as a natural preservative for use in food because of its constituent components. This study highlights the potential use of Aloe vera as a natural additive in the food industry. Due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, Aloe vera offers an organic alternative to chemical additives. Aloe vera is effective at preventing food spoilage and extending shelf life, making it a suitable option for meeting consumer demand for organic and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Gamze Yoruk
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dokuz Eylül, İzmir, Turkey
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Wiart C, Tan PL, Rajagopal M, Chew YL, Leong MY, Tan LF, Yap VL. Review of Malaysian medicinal plants with potential wound healing activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:268. [PMID: 38997637 PMCID: PMC11245834 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound is defined as the damage to biological tissues including skin, mucous membranes and organ tissues. The acute wound heals in less than 4 weeks without complications, while a chronic wound takes longer than 6 weeks to heal. Wound healing occurs in 4 phases, namely, coagulation, inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. Triclosan and benzalkonium chloride are commonly used as skin disinfectants in wound healing. However, they cause allergic contact dermatitis and antibiotic resistance. Medicinal plants are widely studied due to the limited availability of wound healing agents. The present review included six commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia such as Aloe barbadensis Miller, Carica papaya Linn., Centella asiatica Linn., Cymbopogon nardus Linn., Ficus benghalensis Linn. and Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central and Research Gate. The review discussed the possible mechanism of action of medicinal plants and their active constituents in the wound healing process. In addition, their application in nanotechnology and wound dressings was also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Puay Luan Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Yee Leong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fang Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vi Lien Yap
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
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Catalano A, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Marra M, Conforti F, Lupi FR, Gabriele D, Borges F, Sinicropi MS. Aloe vera-An Extensive Review Focused on Recent Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2155. [PMID: 38998660 PMCID: PMC11241682 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Aloe vera L. (AV) has attracted scientific interest because of its multiple cosmetic and medicinal properties, attributable to compounds present in leaves and other parts of the plant. The collected literature data show that AV and its products have a beneficial influence on human health, both by topical and oral use, as juice or an extract. Several scientific studies demonstrated the numerous biological activities of AV, including, for instance, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal. Moreover, its important antidepressant activity in relation to several diseases, including skin disorders (psoriasis, acne, and so on) and prediabetes, is a growing field of research. This comprehensive review intends to present the most significant and recent studies regarding the plethora of AV's biological activities and an in-depth analysis exploring the component/s responsible for them. Moreover, its morphology and chemical composition are described, along with some studies regarding the single components of AV available in commerce. Finally, valorization studies and a discussion about the metabolism and toxicological aspects of this "Wonder Plant" are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca R Lupi
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabriele
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Kaur S, Bains K. Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera). INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:308-321. [PMID: 37915246 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV's bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, potential applications, its toxic and adverse effects, as well as the clinical evidence supporting AV's efficacy in disease prevention. AV contains over 200 bioactive compounds, with the inner clear gel of the leaves containing the majority of these compounds. These include phenolic acids (274.5-307.5 mg/100 g), flavonoids. (3.63-4.70 g/kg), polysaccharides (3.82-6.55 g/kg), saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinone derivatives. Findings from clinical studies involving both humans and animals highlight the therapeutic potential of AV across diverse health domains. The studies demonstrate AV's efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels, exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting the liver from damage, and displaying antimicrobial properties. In the fields of dermatology and dentistry, AV has also been observed to promote skin and oral health. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential risks, adhere to recommended dosages, and seek guidance from healthcare experts before employing AV as a natural therapeutic option. Moreover, considering safety concerns, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to substantiate the potential benefits of AV and comprehensively assess any associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Bains
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Wu X, Wang H, Xiong J, Yang GX, Hu JF, Zhu Q, Chen Z. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm: Formulation, regulatory, and emerging natural products-derived therapeutics. Biofilm 2024; 7:100175. [PMID: 38298832 PMCID: PMC10827693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can readily form biofilm which enhances the drug-resistance, resulting in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Biofilm formation occurs due to a series of developmental events including bacterial adhesion, aggregation, biofilm maturation, and dispersion, which are controlled by multiple regulatory systems. Rapidly increasing research and development outcomes on natural products targeting S. aureus biofilm formation and/or regulation led to an emergent application of active phytochemicals and combinations. This review aimed at providing an in-depth understanding of biofilm formation and regulation mechanisms for S. aureus, outlining the most important antibiofilm strategies and potential targets of natural products, and summarizing the latest progress in combating S. aureus biofilm with plant-derived natural products. These findings provided further evidence for novel antibiofilm drugs research and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Kuttiyachan Urumbil S, Ponnenkunnathu Govindankutty S, Kumar Ngangbam A, Devi Nongmaithem B. A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107465. [PMID: 38761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium responsible for multiple infections and is a primary cause of fatalities among patients in hospital environments. The advent of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus revealed the shortcomings of employing antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases. Quorum sensing enhances S. aureus's survivability through signaling processes. Targeting the key components of quorum sensing has drawn much interest nowadays as a promising strategy for combating infections caused by bacteria. Concentrating on the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing mechanism is the most commonly suggested anti-virulence approach for S.aureus. Quorum quenching is a common strategy for controlling illnesses triggered by microorganisms since it reduces the pathogenicity of bacteria and improves bacterial biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, thus providing an intriguing prospect for drug discovery. Quorum sensing inhibition reduces selective stresses and constrains the emergence of antibiotic resistance while limiting bacterial pathogenicity. This review examines the quorum sensing mechanisms involved in S. aureus, quorum sensing targets and gene regulation, environmental factors affecting quorum sensing, quorum sensing inhibition, natural products as quorum sensing inhibitory agents and novel therapeutical strategies to target quorum sensing in S. aureus as drug developing technique to augment conventional antibiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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Elmi A, Said Mohamed A, Mérito A, Charneau S, Amina M, Grellier P, Bouachrine M, Lawson AM, Abdoul-Latif FM, Kordofani MAY. The ethnopharmacological study of plant drugs used traditionally in Djibouti for malaria treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117839. [PMID: 38310984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Djibouti was a country where malaria has been endemic for centuries. The local population use the plants as repellents or first aid for uncomplicated malaria. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was, for the first time, to collect and identify plants used by the local population to treat malaria and select the most interesting plants (those that are more commontly used, more available, and have fewer studies). These plants were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity as well as their cytotoxicity on human cell lines for the most active ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS A semi-structured questionnaire was developed for this study to collect information about the use and identity of botanical drugs used to treat malaria. The use-reports (percentage) of each plant were recorded to determine their use importance. Also, the availability status of the plants was assessed; and those in critical condition were discarded excluded from further study. Fifteen plants, out of the 41 listed, were extracted with hydro alcohol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane for biological testing. Chloroquine-resistant strain FcB-1 of P. falciparum and a human diploid embryonic lung cell line were used for the antiplasmodial test, and to assess the cytotoxicity for human cells respectively. Preliminary analysis of extract constituents was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC). RESULTS This study identifies 41 plant taxa belonging to 32 families and records their use against malaria. Balanites rodunfolia, belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family, was the most commonly used plant, representing 44 % of use-reports. It was followed by Cadaba rodunfolia (15 %) from the Capparaceae family, and then the three species of Aloe: Aloe djiboutiensis (8.2 %), Aloe ericahenriettae (3.4 %), and Aloe rigens (3.4 %) from the Asphodelaceae family. The leaves are the most commonly used part of the plants to treat malaria, accounting for 76 % of usage. The preparation methods were decoction (52 %), maceration (29 %), and boiling (19 %). The administration routes were by oral (80 %), inhalation 19 %), and bathing (1 %). The best antiplasmodial activities were observed in the dichloromethane extracts of Cymbopogon commutatus and the ethyl acetate extracts of Aloe rigens and Terminalia brownii, with IC50 values of 9.8, 5, and 7.5 μg/mL, respectively. Their toxicity/activity levels were very favorable with selectivity indices of 5.6, 8.1, and 11.8 for C. commutatus, A. rigens, and T. Brownii, respectively. CONCLUSION Forty-one species of botanical drugs were listed as being used to treat malaria in Djibouti. All fifteen selected species showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 50 μg/mL). This work will help guide the valorization of botanical drugs used to treat malaria in Djibouti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Elmi
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti, Institut de Recherche Médicinale, Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti.
| | - A Said Mohamed
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti, Institut de Recherche Médicinale, Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti
| | - Ali Mérito
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti, Institut de Recherche Médicinale, Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mohamed Amina
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti, Institut de Recherche Médicinale, Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- High School of Technology EST-Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni mellal, Morocco
| | - Ata M Lawson
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, UR 3221, INC3M, FR-CNRS 3038, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Fatouma M Abdoul-Latif
- Centre d'Étude et de Recherche de Djibouti, Institut de Recherche Médicinale, Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti
| | - Maha A Y Kordofani
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
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Ushasree MV, Jia Q, Do SG, Lee EY. New opportunities and perspectives on biosynthesis and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108325. [PMID: 38395206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, the genus Aloe has been an indispensable part of both traditional and modern medicine. Decades of intensive research have unveiled the major bioactive secondary metabolites of this plant. Recent pandemic outbreaks have revitalized curiosity in aloe metabolites, as they have proven pharmacokinetic profiles and repurposable chemical space. However, the structural complexity of these metabolites has hindered scientific advances in the chemical synthesis of these compounds. Multi-omics research interventions have transformed aloe research by providing insights into the biosynthesis of many of these compounds, for example, aloesone, aloenin, noreugenin, aloin, saponins, and carotenoids. Here, we summarize the biological activities of major aloe secondary metabolites with a focus on their mechanism of action. We also highlight the recent advances in decoding the aloe metabolite biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic machinery linked with these pathways. Proof-of-concept studies on in vitro, whole-cell, and microbial synthesis of aloe compounds have also been briefed. Research initiatives on the structural modification of various aloe metabolites to expand their chemical space and activity are detailed. Further, the technological limitations, patent status, and prospects of aloe secondary metabolites in biomedicine have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudulakumari Vasudevan Ushasree
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 2121 South street suite 400 Tacoma, Washington 98405, USA
| | - Seon Gil Do
- Naturetech, Inc., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Marques AF, Silva NM, da Cruz M, Marques J, da Mata AD. Hyaluronic acid-based gels for oral application: Comparison of in vitro effects on gingival cells and bacteria. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:238-244. [PMID: 38533132 PMCID: PMC10963226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different topical hyaluronic acid-based gels on human gingival fibroblasts and oral bacteria. Methods Four different hyaluronate gels - Bexident® Aftas (BA), GUM® AftaClear (AfC), Gengigel®(G), Aloclair® Plus (AlC) and a chlorhexidine gel - Bexident®Gums(BG) were selected. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were seeded in 48-well plates with different gel/culture medium concentrations (v/v%) and cell viability was evaluated at 1 and 3 days of culture. Cell morphology was assessed, and alterations graded according to ISO 10993-5:2009(E). Streptococcus oralis CECT 907T colony was, seed on 48-well plate or spread onto the blood agar plates and exposed to the different gel's concentration. The optical density (OD) was assessed, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured (mm). Results BA and G elicited reduced HGF cytotoxicity, followed by AfC. AlC and BG were cytotoxic at concentrations up to 3% for all exposure times. PCM images of HGF showed moderate-to-severe alterations for AlC and BG and slight to mild changes, for BA, AfC and G. The highest antibacterial activity against S.oralis was observed on AlC and AfC, and no antibacterial activity was observed for BA and G. Inhibitory effect in sessile colonies was only observed in AlC and BG. Conclusions AlC demonstrated superior antibacterial activities against S.oralis but a higher cytotoxic potential in HGF. BA and G presented the lowest cytotoxicity with little to no antibacterial effect. AfC demonstrated bacteriostatic effects and low cytotoxicity on HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F.S. Marques
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neusa Marina Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana da Cruz
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Duarte da Mata
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), LIBPhys-FTC UID/FIS/04559/2013, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Cochrane Portugal, Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência (ISBE), Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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Nikolova D, Trajkovska M, Trpcevska EN, Andreevski V, Stardelova KG, Velic V. Evaluation of the Effects of Gastro Protect as an Alternative Medicine on Gastritis and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2024; 45:51-60. [PMID: 38575380 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of herbal medicine as a part of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine is increasing worldwide. Herbal remedies are used to better different conditions including gastritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized control clinical trial on a total sample of 72 patients with gastritis in order to examine the effects of the commercial herbal product Gastro Protect. After 6 weeks of conventional therapy the patients were divided into two groups with 36 patients each. As a continuation of the treatment, Group 1 received conventional therapy + Gastro Protect and Group 2 received conventional therapy + Placebo. We analyzed 14 selected gastrointestinal symptoms, five related to digestive problems, and nine related to stool and bowel problems. For assessing the selected symptoms we used seven point gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). RESULTS The Gastro Protect group had a significantly lower GSRS score (better condition) compared to the Placebo group related to all five selected symptoms of digestive problems as: abdominal pain (p=0.0250), hunger pain (p=0.0276), nausea (p=0.0019), heartburn (p=0.00001), and acid reflux (p=0.0017). The Gastro Protect group, also had a significantly lower GSRS score (better condition) compared to the Placebo group related to three out of nine selected bowel symptoms: rumbling (p=0.0022), abdominal distension (p=0.0029), and gas or flatus (p=0.0039). CONCLUSION Gastro protect was effective in treating gastritis and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It was safe for usage and showed almost no side effects. In our study, Gastro Protect reduced the examined gastric symptoms and related examined intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Nikolova
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Meri Trajkovska
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Emilija Nikolovska Trpcevska
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Andreevski
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Kalina Grivceva Stardelova
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vesna Velic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
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Huang TY, Lin JY, Su WT. Coaxial nanofibers encapsulated with Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract and green synthesized AgNPs for wound repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113771. [PMID: 38350205 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Aloe vera extract exhibited a pronounced antibacterial effect, while the Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract (ABE) showcased a high antioxidant capacity for wound healing. Spherical AgNPs with a particle size of 28.82 nm crystallized in a face-centered-cubic lattice. AgNPs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ABE/polycaprolactone (PCL) underwent electrospinning to produce coaxial and electrosprayed nanofibers, respectively. The developed coaxial nanofibers demonstrated a strain of 159%, a Young's modulus of elasticity of 7080.14 kPa, a 3.9-fold swelling ratio, a water contact angle of 38.91°, characteristic hydrophilicity, and an adequate water vapor transmission rate of 2272 g/m2/day. ABE exhibited no cytotoxicity to L929 cells and induced a twofold increase in the cell migration rate. Upon applying the developed coaxial nanofiber on an in vivo rat model with a 9 mm wound diameter, the wound rapidly and completely healed within 10 days, with a healing speed 60% greater than that of the control group. Histopathological analysis revealed that the coaxial group did not exhibit inflammation, showed complete epithelization, and featured a well-arranged deposition of collagen on the 10th day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jr-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ta Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Yu M, Kong XY, Chen TT, Zou ZM. In vivo metabolism combined network pharmacology to identify anti-constipation constituents in Aloe barbadensis Mill. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117200. [PMID: 37726070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe vera), is a homology of medicine and food plant, widely applied in functional food, cosmetics, and medicine. Aloe vera whole leaf extract, one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), is mainly used in China to treat functional constipation. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the active constituents of Aloe vera for treating functional constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prototype constituents and metabolites in rat plasma and excreta after oral administration of Aloe vera whole leaf extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and the pharmacokinetics (PK) properties of its key anti-constipation constituents speculated by network pharmacology were investigated via the established UFLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS A total of 13 prototype constituents and 56 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, and feces after oral administration of Aloe vera. Among them, aloesin, aloenin, aloin B, aloin A, and aloe-emodin were intimately connected to the core targets of constipation in network pharmacology analysis, and recognized as major anti-constipation constituents in Aloe vera. The validated quantitative method of the six active constituents in rat plasma exhibited good linearity, and lower limits of quantification (0.64-1.95 ng/mL). Aloin A, aloin B, aloeresin D and aloe-emodin exhibited better absorption and slower elimination rate, whereas the others, including aloesin and aloenin showed fast absorption and elimination in rat plasma after oral administration of Aloe vera. Aloin A and its isomer aloin B present similar Tmax and t1/2 but different AUC and Cmax values, indicating different relative bioavailability. The results suggested that aloin A, aloin B and aloe-emodin may be key constituents of Aloe vera for the treatment of constipation, and the other constituents including aloeresin D also contribute to its anti-constipation. CONCLUSIONS This study will benefit understanding the contributions of those constituents for the anti-constipation effect of Aloe vera and also provide valuable information for its application in functional food development and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Kong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Tong-Tong Chen
- Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Malek Hosseini A, Rostam Khani M, Abdi S, Abdi S, Sharifi N. Comparison of aloe vera gel dressing with conventional dressing on pressure ulcer pain reduction: a clinical trial. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38229162 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe Vera has a strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, and its use effectively controls pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe Vera gel versus saline on pain relief of pressure ulcers. METHODS This study is a double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted in Valiasr Hospital in Arak, Markazi Province, in the center of Iran from May 2020 to April 2022. Using the available sampling method, 95 patients with pressure ulcers were assessed for eligibility, 64 patients were selected, 33 patients were placed in the experimental and 34 patients in control. For the experimental group, the ulcers were first cleaned with normal saline to remove the slough and then the already prepared Aloe Vera gel was evenly applied. For control groups, the ulcers were first washed with normal saline to remove off the slough and then covered with a sterile cotton gage, and the wound was tightly bandaged with a cotton roll to keep the "daily dressing" in place. A visual pain scale was used to assess the patient's pain level. Data analysis was done using SPSS 17. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and greenhouse tests were used. The significance level was 0.05. RESULTS The results showed that the average pain score in both groups had a downward trend; that is, both dressings effectively reduced pressure ulcer pain (P < 0.001). The greenhouse test results showed that the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results showed the effect of Aloe Vera gel in reducing pressure ulcer pain. Dressing with Aloe Vera gel is preferable to reducing pain during dressing changes in patients with pressure ulcers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180715040478N2, 2021-08-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Malek Hosseini
- Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Sina Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Siavash Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nader Sharifi
- Department of Public Health, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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14
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Rana N, Gupta P, Singh H, Nagarajan K. Role of Bioactive Compounds, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, and Polyherbal Formulations in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:353-385. [PMID: 37711009 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230914103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that generally causes joint synovial inflammation as well as gradual cartilage and degenerative changes, resulting in progressive immobility. Cartilage destruction induces synovial inflammation, including synovial cell hyperplasia, increased synovial fluid, and synovial pane development. This phenomenon causes articular cartilage damage and joint alkalosis. Traditional medicinal system exerts their effect through several cellular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress suppression, cartilage degradation inhibition, increasing antioxidants and decreasing rheumatic biomarkers. The medicinal plants have yielded a variety of active constituents from various chemical categories, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, volatile oils, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. This review sheds light on the utilization of medicinal plants in the treatment of RA. It explains various phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants and their mechanism of action against RA. It also briefs about the uses of polyherbal formulations (PHF), which are currently in the market and the toxicity associated with the use of medicinal plants and PHF, along with the limitations and research gaps in the field of PHF. This review paper is an attempt to understand various mechanistic approaches employed by several medicinal plants, their possible drug delivery systems and synergistic effects for curing RA with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, NCR Campus, Delhi-NCR Campus, Delhi-Meerut Road, Modinagar, 201204, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hridayanand Singh
- Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Al-Huqail AA, Kumar P, Kumari S, Eid EM. Biosolids application enhances the growth of Aloe vera plants and provides a sustainable practice for nutrient recirculation in agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104246-104257. [PMID: 37702869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the fertilization potential of biosolids (sewage sludge; SS) for the cultivation of Aloe vera plants was investigated using block design. Pot experiments were conducted in this study using 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg of SS. Results showed that SS-fertilized soils significantly (p < 0.05) affected the proximate, biochemical, and heavy metal parameters of A. vera plants. In particular, the T4 treatment gave the best results with maximum plant height 62.21 ± 0.10 cm, number of leaves per plant 18.00 ± 4.00, shoot-to-root ratio 6:1, fresh weight 1972.10 ± 0.07 g per plant, dry weight 175.49 ± 0.15 g per plant, total chlorophyll content (TCC) 0.41 ± 0.02 mg/g fwt., carotenoids 0.25 ± 0.04 mg/g, total flavonoids 7.55 ± 0.05 mg/g, total tannins 3.87 ± 0.06 µg/g, ascorbic acid 532.14 ± 0.10 µg/g, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 46.28 ± 0.19 µg/g, catalase (CAT) 119.23 ± 0.17 µg/g, salicylic acid 3.05 ± 0.12 mg/ml and anthraquinones 0.45 ± 0.04 mg/ml, respectively. The proximate plant characteristics were 96.25 ± 2.71% moisture content, crude protein 0.93 ± 0.05%, crude fiber 5.78 ± 0.44%, crude lipid 3.25 ± 0.02%, lignin 10.74 ± 0.30%, cellulose 13.56 ± 1.06%, hemicellulose 7.24 ± 0.14%, ash 8.75 ± 0.03%, and carbohydrate contents 52.18 ± 1.10% in comparison with control treatment. The bioaccumulation factor showed that heavy metal accumulation was in the order of Cd < Ni < Cu < Pb < Cr < Zn < Fe. The prediction models developed on the basis of soil properties showed good fitness results for the prediction of heavy metal uptake by A. vera plants. The study presented a sustainable approach for managing SS in an eco-friendly way while producing good-quality A. vera plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, India
- Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sonika Kumari
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, India.
| | - Ebrahem M Eid
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
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Safiarian M, Ugboya A, Khan I, Marichev KO, Grant KB. New Insights into the Phototoxicity of Anthracene-Based Chromophores: The Chloride Salt Effect†. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1002-1020. [PMID: 37347986 PMCID: PMC10354805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the causes underlying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity is an essential step in understanding the harmful effects of these compounds in nature. Toward this end, we have studied the DNA interactions and photochemistry of N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride in the presence and absence of NaF, KF, NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr, NaI, and KI (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). Exposing pUC19 plasmid to UV light in solutions containing 400 mM KCl formed significantly more direct strand breaks in DNA compared to no-salt control reactions. In contrast, NaCl increased DNA damage moderately, while the sodium(I) and potassium(I) fluoride, bromide, and iodide salts generally inhibited cleavage (I- > Br- > F-). A halide anion-induced heavy-atom effect was indicated by monitoring anthracene photodegradation and by employing the hydroxyl radical (•OH) probe hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). These studies revealed that among no-salt controls and the eight halide salts, only NaCl and KCl enabled the anthracene to photosensitize the production of high levels of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-irradiation of N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride at 350 nm increased the amounts of chloride salt-induced •OH detected by HPF in subsequent anthracene photoactivation experiments. Taking into consideration that •OH and other highly reactive ROS are extremely short-lived, this result suggests that the pre-irradiation step might lead to the formation of oxidized anthracene photoproducts that are exceedingly redox-active. The fluorometric probes HPF and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green revealed that KCl concentrations ranging from 150 to 400 mM and from 100 to 400 mM, respectively, enhanced N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride photosensitized •OH and singlet oxygen (1O2) production over no-salt controls. Considering the relatively high levels of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions that exist in the environment and in living organisms, our findings may be relevant to the phototoxic effects exhibited by anthracenes and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kathryn B. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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17
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Chelu M, Musuc AM, Popa M, Calderon Moreno J. Aloe vera-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Properties and Therapeutic Effects. Gels 2023; 9:539. [PMID: 37504418 PMCID: PMC10379830 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera-based hydrogels have emerged as promising platforms for the delivery of therapeutic agents in wound dressings due to their biocompatibility and unique wound-healing properties. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the application of Aloe vera-based hydrogels for wound healing. The synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and properties of Aloe vera-based hydrogels are discussed. Mechanisms of therapeutic agents released from Aloe vera-based hydrogels, including diffusion, swelling, and degradation, are also analyzed. In addition, the therapeutic effects of Aloe vera-based hydrogels on wound healing, as well as the reduction of inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and tissue regeneration, are highlighted. The incorporation of various therapeutic agents, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ones, into Aloe vera-based hydrogels is reviewed in detail. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects of Aloe vera-based hydrogels for wound dressing applications are considered. This review provides valuable information on the current status of Aloe vera-based hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic agents in wound dressings and highlights their potential to improve wound healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Jose Calderon Moreno
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.P.)
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18
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Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Bitton E, Chen W, Hafezi F, Hamrah P, Hogg RE, Horwath-Winter J, Kontadakis GA, Mehta JS, Messmer EM, Perez VL, Zadok D, Willcox MDP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of elective medications and procedures on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:331-385. [PMID: 37087043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The word "elective" refers to medications and procedures undertaken by choice or with a lower grade of prioritization. Patients usually use elective medications or undergo elective procedures to treat pathologic conditions or for cosmetic enhancement, impacting their lifestyle positively and, thus, improving their quality of life. However, those interventions can affect the homeostasis of the tear film and ocular surface. Consequently, they generate signs and symptoms that could impair the patient's quality of life. This report describes the impact of elective topical and systemic medications and procedures on the ocular surface and the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, elective procedures performed for ocular diseases, cosmetic enhancement, and non-ophthalmic interventions, such as radiotherapy and bariatric surgery, are discussed. The report also evaluates significant anatomical and biological consequences of non-urgent interventions to the ocular surface, such as neuropathic and neurotrophic keratopathies. Besides that, it provides an overview of the prophylaxis and management of pathological conditions resulting from the studied interventions and suggests areas for future research. The report also contains a systematic review investigating the quality of life among people who have undergone small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Overall, SMILE refractive surgery seems to cause more vision disturbances than LASIK in the first month post-surgery, but less dry eye symptoms in long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvaro P Gomes
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP/EPM), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital & Vision Institute, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
| | - Etty Bitton
- Ecole d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Wei Chen
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Pedram Hamrah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor L Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Zadok
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated to the Hebrew University, School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Rai A, Shrivastava PK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Prasad K, Shakeel S, Ul Haque Z. Comparative Effectiveness of Medicinal Interventions for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Network Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101423. [PMID: 36781110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This network meta-analysis presents an exhaustive description and comparison of the available medical interventions for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted after registration with PROSPERO. (PROSPERO ID CRD42022303441). Databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, and others) were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT) trials from inception till September 2022 for the medical interventions in OSMF. The primary outcome was the improvement in mouth opening. The secondary outcomes were improvement in burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility. The interventions were ranked according to their efficacy based on the surface under the cumulative ranking. RESULTS 47 studies including 2393 patients were assessed for quantitative analysis. For mouth opening, the combined treatment with steroid, hyaluronidase, and antioxidant was most effective [MD, 7.05 (95%CI 1.76,12.34)], followed by the combination of oral antioxidants with injectable steroids, [MD, 3.80 (95%CI -0.44,8.03)]. Additionally, the combined treatment with steroid, hyaluronidase, and antioxidant was most effective in reducing the burning sensation [MD, -8.62(-10.95,-6.30)], followed by aloe vera [MD, -8.45(-10.40,-6.49)] and pentoxifylline [MD -7.57(-9.46,-5.68)]. For tongue protrusion, curcumin was most effective followed by antioxidants. Most of the drugs used were reported to cause negligible or mild adverse effects. CONCLUSION This network meta-analysis reported the efficacy of medicinal interventions in OSMF patients compared to the placebo in the improvement of mouth opening and burning sensation, and cheek flexibility. The methodological quality of included RCTs was low. Well-designed studies are recommended to obtain strong evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Rai
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | | | - Ansul Kumar
- CTVS Department, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Lab Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | - Saman Shakeel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025.
| | - Zeya Ul Haque
- Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, Ranchi, 834009, India.
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20
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The Therapeutic Wound Healing Bioactivities of Various Medicinal Plants. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020317. [PMID: 36836674 PMCID: PMC9960863 DOI: 10.3390/life13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the body's first line of defense, guarding against mechanical, chemical, and thermal damage to the interior organs. It includes a highly developed immune response that serves as a barrier against pathogenic infections. Wound healing is a dynamic process underpinned by numerous cellular activities, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, that require proper harmonious integration to effectively repair the damaged tissue. Following cutaneous damage, microorganisms can quickly enter the tissues beneath the skin, which can result in chronic wounds and fatal infections. Natural phytomedicines that possess considerable pharmacological properties have been widely and effectively employed forwound treatment and infection prevention. Since ancient times, phytotherapy has been able to efficiently treat cutaneous wounds, reduce the onset of infections, and minimize the usage of antibiotics that cause critical antibiotic resistance. There are a remarkable number of wound-healing botanicals that have been widely used in the Northern Hemisphere, including Achiella millefolium, Aloe vera, Althaea officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus, Jojoba, plantain, pine, green tea, pomegranate, and Inula. This review addresses the most often used medicinal plants from the Northern Hemisphere that facilitate the treatment of wounds, and also suggests viable natural alternatives that can be used in the field of wound care.
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Dimitrijević M, Stanković M, Nikolić J, Mitić V, Stankov Jovanović V, Stojanović G, Miladinović D. The effect of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead on the genotoxic activity of Boletaceae family mushrooms present in Serbia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:23-35. [PMID: 36445018 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2150992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids which are widely distributed in the environment and in food chain using wild edible mushrooms belonging to the Boletaceae family mushrooms. In addition, methanol extracts of mushrooms were tested for in vitro protective effect by the cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay using chromosome aberrations in human peripheral lymphocytes as a model. The genotoxic activity of methanol extracts prepared at 4 different concentrations (1, 2, 3 or 6 µg/ml) was examined using amifostine and mitomycin C as positive controls. Extracts of species B. regius and B. edulis exhibited the greatest reduction in the frequency of micronuclei (MN). Extract of B. regius at concentrations of 2 µg/ml showed the highest decrease in number of MN. In comparison, extract of mushroom B. edulis at a concentration of 3 µg/ml displayed less reduction. However, as heavy metals and metalloids are found in mushrooms, another aim was to examine whether these agents affected genotoxicity. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified clustering differences between control and heavy metals and metalloids groups and might explain the influence of heavy element content and genotoxic activity in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Stanković
- Nuclear Facilities of Serbia, Vinča, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Nikolić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - V Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - V Stankov Jovanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - G Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - D Miladinović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Nyagumbo E, Pote W, Shopo B, Nyirenda T, Chagonda I, Mapaya RJ, Maunganidze F, Mavengere WN, Mawere C, Mutasa I, Kademeteme E, Maroyi A, Taderera T, Bhebhe M. Medicinal plants used for the management of respiratory diseases in Zimbabwe: Review and perspectives potential management of COVID-19. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH (2002) 2022; 128:103232. [PMID: 36161239 PMCID: PMC9489988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2022.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have in the recent past become a health concern globally. More than 523 million cases of coronavirus disease (COVID19), a recent respiratory diseases have been reported, leaving more than 6 million deaths worldwide since the start of the pandemic. In Zimbabwe, respiratory infections have largely been managed using traditional (herbal) medicines, due to their low cost and ease of accessibility. This review highlights the plants' toxicological and pharmacological evaluation studies explored. It seeks to document plants that have been traditionally used in Zimbabwe to treat respiratory ailments within and beyond the past four decades. Extensive literature review based on published papers and abstracts retrieved from the online bibliographic databases, books, book chapters, scientific reports and theses available at Universities in Zimbabwe, were used in this study. From the study, there were at least 58 plant families comprising 160 medicinal plants widely distributed throughout the country. The Fabaceae family had the highest number of medicinal plant species, with a total of 21 species. A total of 12 respiratory ailments were reportedly treatable using the identified plants. From a total of 160 plants, colds were reportedly treatable with 56, pneumonia 53, coughs 34, chest pain and related conditions 29, asthma 25, tuberculosis and spots in lungs 22, unspecified respiratory conditions 20, influenza 13, bronchial problems 12, dyspnoea 7, sore throat and infections 5 and sinus clearing 1 plant. The study identified potential medicinal plants that can be utilised in future to manage respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Nyagumbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - William Pote
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Bridgett Shopo
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Trust Nyirenda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Ignatius Chagonda
- Department of Agriculture Practice, Faculty of Agriculture, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Ruvimbo J Mapaya
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Fabian Maunganidze
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - William N Mavengere
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Cephas Mawere
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ian Mutasa
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Emmanuel Kademeteme
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwa Taderera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Unit, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Michael Bhebhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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23
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Tavakol S, Hoveizi E, Tavakol H, Almasi A, Soleimani M, Rabiee Motmaen S, Azedi F, Joghataei MT. Strong Binding of Phytochemicals to the Catalytic Domain of Tyrosine Hydroxylase as a Trojan Horse Decreases Dopamine in Dopaminergic Cells: Pharmaceutical Considerations in Schizophrenia and Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3428-3445. [PMID: 36330626 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102151926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalances in dopamine levels result in neurological and psychological disorders such as elevated dopamine in Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE Despite a considerable number of advertisements claiming Aloe-vera's effectiveness in PD treatment, it has hidden long-term disadvantages for healthy people and PD patients. METHODS In the present investigation, the impacts of Aloe-vera on dopaminergic cells were evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) enhancement was in line with the Bax/Bcl2 ratio decrement, reactive oxygen specious (ROS) production, and nonsignificant alteration in the sub-G1phase of the cell cycle. It led to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) upregulation but did not significantly change the BDNF level involved in depression and motor impairment recovery. These events apparently resulted in the enhancement in dopaminergic cell viability and neurite length and attenuated PI+ cells. However, it also induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) overexpression and nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production. Notably, docking results of the catalytic domain in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) with the Aloe-vera constituents showed strong binding of most Aloe-vera constituents with the catalytic domain of TH, even stronger than L-tyrosine as an original substrate. Following the docking results, Aloe-vera downregulated TH protein and attenuated dopamine. CONCLUSION It can be hypothesized that Aloe-vera improves PD symptoms through enhancement in antiapoptotic markers and neurotrophic factors, while it suppresses TH and dopamine in the form of a Trojan horse, later resulting in the future deterioration of the disease symptoms. The results provide cues to pharmaceutical companies to use the active components of Aloe-vera as putative agents in neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases to decrease dopamine in patients with enhanced dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hani Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Azedi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ajjoun M, Kharchoufa L, Alami Merrouni I, Elachouri M. Moroccan medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases: From ethnobotany to clinical trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115532. [PMID: 35843409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Skin diseases are among the most common human health affections. A healthy skin promotes a healthy body that can be achieved through modern, allopathic and natural medicines. Therefore, medicinal plants can be a reliable therapy in treating skin diseases in humans through a diverse range of bioactive molecules they contain. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide for the first-time scientific evidence related to the dermatological properties of Morocco's medicinal plants and it aims to provide a baseline for the discovery of new drugs having activities against skin issues. METHODS This review involved an investigation with different search engines for Moroccan ethnobotanical surveys published between 1991 and 2021. The plants used to treat skin diseases have been determined. Information regarding pharmacological effects, phytochemical, and clinical trials related to the plants listed in this review was collected from different scientific databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. The data were analyzed and summarized in the review. RESULTS A total of 401 plants belonging to 86 families mainly represented by Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Apiaceae which have been documented to be in common use by Moroccans for managing skin diseases. Among those plants recorded, the most commonly used are Allium cepa L, Chamaeleon gummifer (L.) Cass and Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. Mill. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part, while powder and decoction were the most common method of traditional drug preparation. 107 of the 401 plants (27%) have undergone pharmacological validation. A total of 44 compounds isolated from 27 plants were investigated to treat different types of skin diseases, and 25 plants have been clinically studied for their activities against skin diseases. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of using Moroccan medicinal plants to treat skin diseases, according to traditional practices, have been proven in numerous scientific studies. Therefore, other studies should focus on isolating and identifying specific bioactive compounds from plant extracts, revealing more valuable therapeutic properties. Furthermore, additional reliable clinical trials are needed to confirm their beneficial effect on patients with skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajjoun
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Loubna Kharchoufa
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Cattaneo L, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Minuti A, Trevisi E. Drying-off dairy cows without antibiotic therapy and orally supplemented with lyophilized Aloe arborescens: effects on rumen activity, immunometabolic profile, and milk yield. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:794-807. [PMID: 36239181 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The drying-off is a stressful stage of the lactation cycle of dairy cows that deeply affects cows' metabolism, inflammatory status, and immune system. The promising effects observed during the transition period resulting from supplementation with Aloe arborescens Mill. suggest its potential utility during this phase. A group of 23 Holstein dairy cows with somatic cell count (SCC) less than 200 × 103 cells/ml and without intramammary infections were enroled in the study. Cows were divided into two groups: one orally receiving 10 g/day of A. arborescens Mill. lyophilized powder (AL; 11 cows) between -7 and 7 days from dry-off (DFD), and a control group (CTR; 12 cows). From -14 to 7 DFD and 7 and 28 days from calving, the body condition score and rectal temperature were determined, and rumen fluid, feces, milk, and blood samples were collected. Daily rumination times and milk yield were recorded. Data were analyzed through repeated measures mixed models. Compared to the CTR group, AL cows tended to show reduced production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen with acetate proportion that tended to be higher and valerate proportion that was lower. Moreover, Aloe supplementation caused a reduction in fecal dry matter. At the end of drying-off, AL cows presented better liver function, as suggested by higher paraoxonase plasma concentrations at 7 DFD, higher glucose, and lower urea, but showed increased reactive oxygen metabolites. Aloe supplementation at dry-off ameliorated inflammatory status after calving (lower haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin levels), and improved milk yield in the first weeks of subsequent lactation, without influencing milk composition, SCC, and incidence of intramammary infections. These results confirmed the positive effects of Aloe administration on liver function in dairy cows but indicate the need for further studies investigating the effects of Aloe on rumen fermentation profile and oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Centre for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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26
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Ahluwalia B, Magnusson MK, Larsson F, Savolainen O, Ross AB, Öhman L. Differences in Metabolite Composition of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Extracts Lead to Differential Effects on Human Blood T Cell Activity In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196643. [PMID: 36235182 PMCID: PMC9571688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) is used for diverse therapeutic properties including immunomodulation. However, owing to the compositionally complex nature of Aloe, bioactive component(s) responsible for its beneficial properties, though thought to be attributed to polysaccharides (acemannan), remain unknown. We therefore aimed to determine the metabolite composition of various commercial Aloe extracts and assess their effects on human blood T cell activity in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated polyclonally in presence or absence of various Aloe extracts. T cell phenotype and proliferation were investigated by flow cytometry. Aloe extracts were analyzed using targeted 1H-NMR spectroscopy for standard phytochemical quality characterization and untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolite profiling. Aloe extracts differing in their standard phytochemical composition had varying effects on T cell activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-death in vitro, although this was not related to the acemannan content. Furthermore, each Aloe extract had its own distinct metabolite profile, where extracts rich in diverse sugar and sugar-derivatives were associated with reduced T cell activity. Our results demonstrate that all commercial Aloe extracts are unique with distinct metabolite profiles, which lead to differential effects on T cell activity in vitro, independent of the acemannan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Larsson
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alastair B. Ross
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Lincoln 7674, New Zealand
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Barros Martins GL, Diaz RS, Schechter M, Piqueira JRC, Justo JF. Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas—Where Are We? Recent Updates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102004. [PMID: 36297440 PMCID: PMC9607275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that affects approximately 140,000 people worldwide each year, with a high fatality rate. Available treatment modalities show limited efficacy in more severe cases. Hence, the search for new treatment modalities, including immunotherapies, for curing, mitigating, and/or preventing cancer is important and urgently needed. Carbon nanoparticles associated with some plant materials, such as Aloe vera, have shown appealing antineoplastic activity, derived mainly from the compounds aloin, aloe-emodin, barbaloin acemannan, and octapeptide, thus representing new possibilities as antitumor agents. This systematic review aims to arouse interest and present the possibilities of using Aloe vera combined with carbon-based nanomaterials as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment and prevention of melanoma. Limitations and advances in melanoma treatment using functionalized carbon nanomaterials are discussed here. Moreover, this review provides the basis for further studies designed to fully explore the potential of carbon nanomaterials associated with Aloe vera in the treatment of various cancers, with a focus on melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-5647 or +55-11-96326-5550
| | - Guilherme Leão Barros Martins
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schechter
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 158, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
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Yang Y, Wu JJ, Xia J, Wan Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C. Can aloin develop to medicines or healthcare products? Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Li C, Xiong Z, Chen N, Wang X, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu L, Wu H, Huang C, Huang A, Tan J, Li Y, Li Q. Up-and-coming anti-epileptic effect of aloesone in Aloe vera: Evidenced by integrating network pharmacological analysis, in vitro, and in vivo models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962223. [PMID: 36034878 PMCID: PMC9411719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Aloe vera is a medically valuable plant with anti-epileptic activity; however, its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, network pharmacological, in vitro, and in vivo experiments were carried out to explore the potential anti-epileptic components and targets of Aloe vera.Methods: The main active components of Aloe vera were identified by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database. Targets of Aloe vera were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction, whereas information about the epilepsy disease targets was obtained from Gene Cards. The protein–protein interaction network and core targets were screened according to the topological structure and CytoNCA plugin. The glutamate-induced HT22 cell line and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure rats were used to confirm the effect of aloesone by detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, and predicting the targets.Results: A total of 14 core active components were selected based on the screening criteria of oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.10. Four compounds, namely linoleic acid, aloesone, isoeleutherol glucosiden qt, and anthranol, demonstrated the potential ability of crossing the blood-brain barrier. A total of 153 targets associated with epilepsy were predicted for the four compounds. Moreover, after network analysis with CytoNCA, 10 targets, namely, MAPK1, SRC, MARK3, EGFR, ESR1, PTGS2, PTPN11, JAK2, PPKCA, and FYN, were selected as the core genes, and SRC, which has been predicted to be the target of aloesone and anthranol, exhibited the highest subgraph centrality value. In vitro experiments confirmed that aloesone treatment significantly inhibited the glutamate-induced neuronal injury by reducing the intracellular ROS content and the early phase of apoptosis. Additionally, treatment with 50 mg/kg aloesone resulted in anti-seizure effects by reducing the seizure score and prolonging the latent period in acute and chronic rats. Furthermore, aloesone treatment increased the phosphorylation of c-SRC at Y418 and reduced the phosphorylation at Y529, simultaneously activating c-SRC.Conclusion: Integrating network pharmacology with in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that aloesone, which inhibited seizure by activating c-SRC, is a potential anti-seizure compound present in Aloe vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongyv Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Niangen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junyv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Longfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Caihui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Aiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajia Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwestern University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Youbin Li, ; Qifu Li,
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Youbin Li, ; Qifu Li,
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Shaji D, Suzuki R, Yamamoto S, Orihashi D, Kurita N. Natural inhibitors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease from Moringa oleifera, Aloe vera, and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: molecular docking and ab initio fragment molecular orbital calculations. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1771-1788. [PMID: 35938063 PMCID: PMC9340690 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide, and new drug treatments for COVID-19 are urgently required. To find the potential inhibitors against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, we investigated the inhibitory potential of naturally occurring compounds from the plants Moringa oleifera, Aloe vera, and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, using molecular docking, classical molecular mechanics optimizations, and ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations. Of the 35 compounds that we simulated, feralolide from Aloe vera exhibited the highest binding affinity against Mpro. Therefore, we proposed novel compounds based on the feralolide and investigated their binding properties to Mpro. The FMO results indicated that the introduction of a hydroxyl group into feralolide significantly enhances its binding affinity to Mpro. These results provide useful information for developing potent Mpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shaji
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Daisuke Orihashi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kurita
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580 Japan
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Molecular Docking and Efficacy of Aloe vera Gel Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles against Helicobacter pylori and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152994. [PMID: 35893958 PMCID: PMC9330094 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal administration of Aloe vera gel has become promising in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications particularly with the development of the nanotechnology concept. Nowadays, effective H. pylori treatment is a global problem; therefore, the development of natural products with nanopolymers such as chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of gastric infection of H. pylori. HPLC analysis of A. vera gel indicated the presence of chlorogenic acid as the main constituent (1637.09 µg/mL) with other compounds pyrocatechol (1637.09 µg/mL), catechin (1552.92 µg/mL), naringenin (528.78 µg/mL), rutin (194.39 µg/mL), quercetin (295.25 µg/mL), and cinnamic acid (37.50 µg/mL). CSNPs and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs were examined via TEM, indicating mean sizes of 83.46 nm and 36.54 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra showed various and different functional groups in CSNPs, A. vera gel, and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs. Two strains of H. pylori were inhibited using A. vera gel with inhibition zones of 16 and 16.5 mm, while A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs exhibited the highest inhibition zones of 28 and 30 nm with resistant and sensitive strains, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 15.62 and 3.9 µg/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 15.60 and 7.8 µg/mL with MBC/MIC 1 and 2 indexes using A. vera gel and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs, respectively, against the resistance strain. DPPH Scavenging (%) of the antioxidant activity exhibited an IC50 of 138.82 μg/mL using A.vera gel extract, and 81.7 μg/mL when A.vera gel was incorporated with CSNPs. A.vera gel incorporated with CSNPs enhanced the hemolysis inhibition (%) compared to using A.vera gel alone. Molecular docking studies through the interaction of chlorogenic acid and pyrocatechol as the main components of A. vera gel and CSNPs with the crystal structure of the H. pylori (4HI0) protein supported the results of anti-H. pylori activity.
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The Role of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2011945. [PMID: 35754694 PMCID: PMC9217581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2011945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, interest in medicinal plants and phytochemicals for the treatment of skin disorders, including acne vulgaris, has progressively increased. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which mainly occurs in adolescents and young adults. The treatment focuses on the four main factors involved in its pathogenesis: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation. The treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and oral isotretinoin. In this regard, the use of herbal medicine as a complementary and alternative medicine is a promising strategy. The main objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Three scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched from inception to January 2021. Clinical trials comparing herbal therapies with placebo or other medicines for the treatment of acne vulgaris were included and analyzed. Outcome measures of interest comprised acne lesions (inflammatory and noninflammatory), sebum production, acne severity, and quality of life. The risk of bias in the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A total of 34 clinical trials involving 1753 participants met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Most trials showed that herbal medicine significantly reduces inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions and has a relevant effect on acne severity. Some medicinal plants revealed equal or higher efficacy to standard treatments. No significant difference between groups in sebum production and quality of life was observed and no severe adverse events were reported. This systematic review provides evidence that medicinal plants and phytochemicals are promising treatments for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. However, more quality of evidence and standardized methodologies are needed to support their effectiveness and safety claims.
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Valorization of Aloe vera Skin By-Products to Obtain Bioactive Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061058. [PMID: 35739955 PMCID: PMC9220353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera skin (AVS) is a major by-product of Aloe processing plants all over the world. In this study, response surface methodology was used to optimize microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds from AVS. The influence of extraction parameters, such as ethanol concentration (%Et), extraction temperature (T), time (t) and solvent volume (V), on extraction yield (Y), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods) and aloin content, was studied. Optimum extraction conditions were determined as 80% ethanol, 80 °C, 36.6 min and 50 mL and optimized extracts showed interesting contents of polyphenols and antioxidant performance. The phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD/MS and some major phenolic compounds, such as aloin A, aloin B, aloesin, aloe-emodin, aloeresin D, orientin, cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid, were quantified while eight other compounds were tentatively identified. Moreover, structural and thermal properties were studied by FTIR and TGA analyses, respectively. The obtained results suggested the potential of AVS as a promising source of bioactive compounds, thus increasing the added value of this agricultural waste.
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Razia S, Park H, Shin E, Shim KS, Cho E, Kang MC, Kim SY. Synergistic effect of Aloe vera flower and Aloe gel on cutaneous wound healing targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway: In-vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115096. [PMID: 35182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae family) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant, that has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, for decades ranging from cancer to skin disorders including wounds. It has been included in the traditional and herbal healthcare systems of many cultures around the world, as well as the pharmacopeia of different countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also confirmed its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, etc. in the consistency of its historical and traditional uses. However, most studies to date are based on the A. vera gel and latex including its wound-healing effects. Very few studies have been focused on its flower, and rarely with its effects on cutaneous wound healing and its molecular mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the synergistic effect of the A. vera flower (AVF) and Aloe gel (PAG) on cutaneous wound-healing, as well as revealing its molecular mechanism targeting microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) and its associated signaling pathway. METHODS To investigate the synergistic effect of A. vera flower and Aloe gel in cutaneous wound healing, cell viability, and cell migration, as well proliferation assay was performed. This was followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses in wounded conditions to check the effects of this mixture on protein and mRNA levels in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated knockdown of MFAP4 in NHDF cells was performed followed by migration assay and cell cycle analysis, to confirm its role in cutaneous wound healing. Additionally, HaCaT cells were included in this study to evaluate its migratory and anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS Based on our obtained results, the PAG and AVF mixture synergistically induced the proliferation, migration, and especially ECM formation of NHDF cells by enhancing the expression of MFAP4. Other extracellular components associated with MFAP4 signaling pathway, such as fibrillin, collagen, elastin, TGF β, and α-SMA, also increased at both the protein and mRNA levels. Subsequently, this mixture initiated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling pathways, and the S-phase of the cell cycle was also slightly modified. Also, the mixture induced the migration of HaCaT cells along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted the crucial role of MFAP4 in cutaneous wound healing in NHDF cells. CONCLUSION This study showed that the mixture of PAG and AVF has significant wound healing effects targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway. Additionally, MFAP4 was recognized as a new potential biomarker of wound healing, which can be confirmed by further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Razia
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Eunju Shin
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Suk Shim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chol Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea.
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Españo E, Kim J, Kim JK. Utilization of Aloe Compounds in Combatting Viral Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050599. [PMID: 35631425 PMCID: PMC9145703 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants contain underutilized resources of compounds that can be employed to combat viral diseases. Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (syn. Aloe barbadensis Mill.) has a long history of use in traditional medicine, and A. vera extracts have been reported to possess a huge breadth of pharmacological activities. Here, we discuss the potential of A. vera compounds as antivirals and immunomodulators for the treatment of viral diseases. In particular, we highlight the use of aloe emodin and acemannan as lead compounds that should be considered for further development in the management and prevention of viral diseases. Given the immunomodulatory capacity of A. vera compounds, especially those found in Aloe gel, we also put forward the idea that these compounds should be considered as adjuvants for viral vaccines. Lastly, we present some of the current limitations to the clinical applications of compounds from Aloe, especially from A. vera.
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COVID-19 Crisis, Herbal Medicines, and Natural Products - Concerns and Suggestions. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the last days of 2019 in China, medical experts and organizations worldwide have proposed guidelines for its prevention and treatment. However, despite the availability of state-of-the-art technologies, modern medicine specialists have so far not been successful in controlling it. This has led traditional medicine experts to propagate their knowledge to prevent and cure COVID-19, creating an open debate. According to scientific literature, traditional medicine experts claim beneficial effects of herbal medicines against viral infections and their effectiveness in controlling the symptoms of respiratory disorders. Modern medicine specialists express their concerns about the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal medicines, in addition to the risk of herb-drug interactions and the lack of randomized clinical studies. Herbal medicines have been popular since prehistoric times, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, they are increasingly used worldwide. The lack of definite cure and the high cost of available modern medicines have also promoted the use of herbal medicines. An evidence-based approach using herbal medicines with proven antiviral activities or containing compounds providing symptomatic relief in COVID-19 can be considered for clinical studies. The interaction of herbal medicines with modern drugs should also be considered in patients taking them. Traditional and modern medicine aim to provide effective and safe treatment and prevent COVID-19 infection. Considering the ground realities of the COVID-19 crisis and keeping in view the worldwide use of herbal medicines, in our opinion, the pros and cons of their use should be carefully weighed, and practical solutions should be considered.
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Huwae TECJ. Preventing Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury after Tourniquet Application in Fracture using Aloe vera Ethanolic Extract. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A tourniquet is a typical equipment used in the orthopedics surgery to decrease blood loss and create a better operating environment. Ischemic-reperfusion damage, which happens when the tourniquet is deflated, is one of the tourniquet's negative effects. Antioxidants can be used to minimize oxidative stress, which is one strategy to mitigate ischemic-reperfusion injury. Aloe vera, for example, is widely known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Method: The tibias of male Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) were fractured in this experiment, and Aloe vera gel was given orally as an antioxidant. A total of 18 rats were utilized in this research, which were separated into 6 groups. Varying amounts of Aloe vera extract were given to the treatment groups: 40 mg/kgBW, 60 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW. The tourniquet would be inflated for two hours then deflated after application of the Aloe vera extract. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the tibia (MDA).
Result: Application of tourniquet increased oxidative stress marker in fracture state, marked by reduction of SOD and increase of MDA. After administration of Aloe vera extract, the oxidative stress parameters (SOD and MDA) were reduced significantly.
Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that tourniquet increased oxidative stress marker in fracture state and Aloe vera extract could be used to ameliorate this ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Aloe arborescens: In Vitro Screening of Genotoxicity, Effective Inhibition of Enzyme Characteristics for Disease Etiology, and Microbiological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072323. [PMID: 35408722 PMCID: PMC9000289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the genotoxicity, the possibility of inhibiting selected enzymes, and the microbial activity of lyophilisate from 3-year-old A. arborescens leaves obtained from controlled crops. The lyophilisate from 3-year-old A. arborescens leaves was standardized for aloin A and aloenin A content. Moreover, concentrations of polyphenolic compounds and phenolic acids were determined. The first stage of the research was to determine genotoxicity using the comet test, which confirmed the safety of A. arborescens. Assays of enzymatic inhibition were performed for hyaluronidase (IC50 = 713.24 ± 41.79 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 598.35 ± 12.58 µg/mL), acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (1.16 vs. 0.34 µM of eserine/g d.m., respectively). The next stage of the research was to determine the ability of the healing properties using the scratch test, which showed a positive response using the extract. Microbial activity was evaluated and obtained against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. We concluded that A. arborescens leaf gel meets the important conditions for plant raw materials to obtain semi-solid forms of herbal medicinal products.
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Development of an LC-DAD-MS-Based Method for the Analysis of Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives in Food Supplements and Plant Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061932. [PMID: 35335294 PMCID: PMC8955537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Products based on plants containing hydroxyanthracene derivatives (HADs)—such as Rheum, Cassia, and Aloe species—are widely used in food supplements or nutraceuticals due to their laxative effects. A more restricted control of HAD contents in food supplements has been implemented by EU Regulation 2021/468, in order to increase the safety of these preparations. Due to their toxicity, aloin A, aloin B, aloe emodin, emodin, and the synthetic derivative danthron have been listed as prohibited substances in food supplements, being tolerated in amounts < 1 mg kg−1 in marketed products. In this work, we report the development of a sensitive and fast LC−DAD−MS-based procedure for the determination of these five compounds in food supplements and plant materials or extracts. The entire procedure includes a simple sample preparation step, where target analytes are concentrated by means of solvent extraction and evaporative concentration (solid samples), or by lyophilisation (liquid samples). The average LOQ of 0.10 mg/L, LOD of 0.03 mg/L, accuracy, and precision with CVs below 12.72 were obtained for the studied analytes. This method is suitable for assessing the compliance of commercial products and raw materials with EU Regulation 2021/468. Furthermore, the proposed method can represent a starting point for the development of a unique and standardised analytical approach for the determination of other HADs under the attention of EU authorities.
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López Z, Salazar Zúñiga MN, Femenia A, Acevedo-Hernández GJ, Godínez Flores JA, Cano ME, Knauth P. Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050745. [PMID: 35267378 PMCID: PMC8909460 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera products, both in food and cosmetics, are becoming increasingly popular due to their claimed beneficial effects, which are mainly attributed to the active compound acemannan. Usually, these end products are based on powdered starting materials. High temperatures during the drying process to obtain the starting materials have several advantages, like shortening the drying time, eliminating toxic aloin and reducing bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, there are two major drawbacks: first, at temperatures of 80 °C or higher, structural changes in acemannan, especially its deacetylation (>46%), are triggered, which does not happen at lower temperatures (14% at 60 °C); secondly, a toxic principle is formed at higher temperatures, resulting in a higher cytotoxicity. Thus, two temperature-dependent but opposing effects cause with a median cytotoxic concentration of CC50 = 0.4× a peak of cytotoxicity at 80 °C; at 60 °C this cytotoxic substance is not formed and at 100 °C aloin is more readily eliminated, resulting in a CC50 = 1.1× and CC50 = 1.4×, respectively. The cytotoxic substance generated by dry heat at 80 °C is not a modified polysaccharide because its polysaccharide-enriched alcohol-insoluble fraction is with CC50 = 0.9× less cytotoxic. Moreover, this substance is polar enough to be washed away with ethanol. Additionally, when Aloe gel is heated at 80 °C under humid conditions (pasteurization), the cytotoxicity does not increase (CC50 = 1.6×). Finally, to produce powdered starting materials from Aloe gel, it is recommended to use temperatures of around 60 °C in order to preserve the acemannan structure (and thus biological activity) and the low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira López
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.L.); (M.N.S.Z.); (J.A.G.F.)
| | - Michelle N. Salazar Zúñiga
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.L.); (M.N.S.Z.); (J.A.G.F.)
| | - Antoni Femenia
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Gustavo J. Acevedo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Jaime A. Godínez Flores
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.L.); (M.N.S.Z.); (J.A.G.F.)
| | - M. Eduardo Cano
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Peter Knauth
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Avenida Universidad 1115, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.L.); (M.N.S.Z.); (J.A.G.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(392)-9259400-48354
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Alasbahi RH, Groot MJ. Ethnoveterinary Uses of Certain Yemeni Plants: A Review of the Scientific Evidence. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:237-253. [PMID: 34598289 DOI: 10.1055/a-1612-4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Livestock is an important and integral component of agriculture production in Yemen and contributes 28% of the total agricultural production income. Research in the field of Yemeni ethnoveterinary medicine is limited to a few studies. Therefore, our work aims to substantiate scientifically the ethnoveterinary use of some documented plant species based on a literature review of their bioactivities and toxicological properties. Searching the scientific literature has revealed various pharmacological activities that may support the claimed healing activities of 11 out of 14 plant species for some of their ethnoveterinary utilization. This comprises the use of Aloe spp. latex for constipation, worms, boils, and wounds; Boswellia sacra underbark for wounds and its oleo-gum resin for mastitis; Soqotraen Boswellia species as an insect repellent; Cissus rotundifolia for stomach pain; Cyphostemma digitatum as an appetite stimulant; Psiadia punctulate for bone fracture; Pulicaria undulata as an insect repellent; combinations of Aristolochia bracteolate with Sorghum bicolor grains for bloating; Rumex nervosus and salt for eye pimples; and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds with Hordeum vulgare grains for constipation. Some plants were found to demonstrate various toxic effects in in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. The local administration of Calotropis procera latex was also reported to induce an intense inflammatory response. It can be concluded that our work has provided valuable scientific information on the biological and toxic activities of some Yemeni ethnoveterinary remedies that could be utilized for the benefit of farmers to ration the use of these remedies and avoiding their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawiya H Alasbahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, Khormaksar, Aden, Yemen
| | - Maria J Groot
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Jangra A, Sharma G, Sihag S, Chhokar V. The dark side of miracle plant-Aloe vera: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5029-5040. [PMID: 35092563 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), commonly known as Ghritkumari/Gwarpatha, is a member of the Liliaceae family, used in the traditional medicine system for ages. Aloe vera has made its importance as a therapeutic agent, acting as a cure for various diseases such as skin problems, lungs, and heart disorders, diabetes, ulcers, various microbial infections, and asthma. Despite its tremendous health benefits, the dark side of the plant is a reason of concern as there are several active compounds present in the plant, raising questions on its safe oral consumption and application. METHODS AND RESULTS The literature review was compiled from information resourced from various national and international journals available at Google Scholar and curated with Mendeley. The data mining was carried out during the period of January to May 2021. This study explored and summarized the dark side of Aloe vera, subjected to various secondary metabolites present in it. Aloin, the most active compound of Aloe vera, is a type of anthraquinone metabolized by human gut microflora, resulting in the formation of aloe-emodin anthraquinone, later being associated with several harmful effects such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and purgative. Besides this, several alkaloids and polysaccharides present in the plant are reported to cause hepatotoxicity and male infertility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The harmful effects of the plants are not adequately discovered yet; hence there is a need to come up with some mechanism to understand and suppress the formation of such toxic compounds completely. This review examined the botany, active compounds, and adverse clinical effects in the range of metabolites associated with this herb - "Aloe vera".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jangra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Sihag
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Reinaldo RCPDS, Santoro FR, Albuquerque UP, de Medeiros PM. Taste and chemical composition as drives for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence: a case study in local medical systems in Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:4. [PMID: 35078497 PMCID: PMC8787910 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to verify whether the taste and chemical composition influence the selection of plants in each medicinal category, whether within a socio-ecological system or between different socio-ecological systems. To this end, we use the theoretical bases of the Utilitarian Redundancy Model and the Utilitarian Equivalence Model. We studied the local medical systems of four rural communities in northeastern Brazil, used as models to test our assumptions. METHODS The data on medicinal plants and local therapeutic function were obtained from semi-structured interviews associated with the free-listing method, allowing to generate indexes of similarity of therapeutic use between the plants cited in each region. During the interviews, each informer was also asked to report the tastes of the plants cited. Subsequently, we classified each plant in each region according to the most cited taste. The data about the chemical composition of each plant were obtained from a systematic review, using Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases. RESULTS Pairs of plants with similar tastes are 1.46 times more likely to have the same therapeutic function within a local medical system (redundancy), but not between medical systems (equivalence). We also find that chemical compounds are not primarily responsible for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence. However, there was a tendency for alkaloids to be doubly present with greater expressiveness in pairs of equivalent plants. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that each social group can create its means of using the organoleptic characteristics as clues to select new species as medicinal. Furthermore, this study corroborates the main prediction of the Utilitarian Equivalence Model, that people in different environments choose plants with traits in common for the same functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Corrêa Prota Dos Santos Reinaldo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Rosa Santoro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Hayes AW, Clemens RA, Pressman P. The absence of genotoxicity of a mixture of aloin A and B and a commercial aloe gel beverage. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:385-394. [PMID: 34979868 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2023828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aloe products are increasingly valued as ingredients in food supplements and as flavoring agents. The global Aloe vera market is varied, large, growing, and increasingly important in food, cosmetics, and medicines. Aloin, an anthraquinone glycoside, is one of the major components by weight of the anthraquinone derivatives of Aloe vera gel. Principal metabolites, aloe emodin and emodin, are a source of debate concerning toxic vs salutary effects, hence the accurate toxicological characterization of these compounds has become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to determine the genotoxic profile of a stabilized Aloe vera juice product derived from the inner filet and marketed as a beverage currently sold in the European Union containing 8 to 10 ppm aloin and a mixture of purified aloin A and B. The present data confirm that a commercial stabilized Aloe vera gel intended for consumption as a juice beverage is not genotoxic. Furthermore, both aloin A and B were negative in the same assays and therefore are also not genotoxic. These results are consistent with the work of other groups and contrast with data obtained using products containing the Aloe vera latex hydroxyanthracene derivatives (HADs).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- School of Pharmacy, International Center for Regulatory and Quality Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- Saba University School of Medicine, Caribbean Netherlands
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Girgis MMF, Fekete K, Homoródi N, Márton S, Fekete I, Horváth L. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients With Epilepsy and Diabetes Mellitus, Focusing on the Outcome of Treatment. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:787512. [PMID: 35087374 PMCID: PMC8787116 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.787512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Millions all over the world live with epilepsy, and they may require long-term drug treatment. The use and interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) have grown over the previous years. Coadministration of herbal products with medicines may result in adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and/or unfavorable interactions. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of CAM use among patients with epilepsy, to compare the results to those of the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), to reveal factors that may drive the use of CAM, and to measure outcomes and adherence. It was also our intent to have state-of-the-art information on CAM use in our region among patients with the two diseases above. Materials and Methods: We conducted a non-interventional study using a self-developed questionnaire. It was distributed among adult patients with either epilepsy or DM who also suffered from cardiovascular consequences. A database was compiled from the anonymous questionnaires filled in voluntarily by the patients. Basic statistics were used to analyze this database. Results: A total of 227 questionnaires were filled in by 127 patients (55.9%) with epilepsy and 100 patients (44.1%) with DM. Mean age was 54.54 ± 17.33 years. Of the patients, 50.2% were male. Average body weight was 80.3 ± 17.3 kg. Of the patients, 22 (9.7%) used CAM because they believed in CAM. Two of them reported ADRs. Among the patients with epilepsy, the ratio was only 7.9% compared to 12% among those with DM. While the number of CAM users was higher among younger patients with epilepsy, it was the elderly patients with DM who tended to use CAM. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to reliance on CAM during the follow-up. Our finding that health-conscious patients tend to use CAM more often (than the general population) may indicate it is necessary to discuss CAM usage sincerely. CAMs modulating cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were the most common, leading to interactions with medication used and resulting in ADRs. This shows the importance of educating patients and treating team including clinical pharmacists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Magdy Fahmy Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Surveillance and Economics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klára Fekete
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Homoródi
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Márton
- Institute of Political Science and Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Fekete
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Surveillance and Economics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: László Horváth,
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D’Alessandro C, Benedetti A, Di Paolo A, Giannese D, Cupisti A. Interactions between Food and Drugs, and Nutritional Status in Renal Patients: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010212. [PMID: 35011087 PMCID: PMC8747252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs and food interact mutually: drugs may affect the nutritional status of the body, acting on senses, appetite, resting energy expenditure, and food intake; conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. Therefore, the knowledge of these possible interactions is fundamental for the implementation of a nutritional treatment in the presence of a pharmacological therapy. This is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the medication burden could be a problem, and nutritional therapy plays an important role in the patient’s treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the interactions that take place between drugs and foods that can potentially be used in renal patients, and the changes in nutritional status induced by drugs. A proper definition of the amount of food/nutrient intake, an adequate definition of the timing of meal consumption, and a proper adjustment of the drug dosing schedule may avoid these interactions, safeguarding the quality of life of the patients and guaranteeing the effectiveness of drug therapy. Hence, a close collaboration between the nephrologist, the renal dietitian, and the patient is crucial. Dietitians should consider that food may interact with drugs and that drugs may affect nutritional status, in order to provide the patient with proper dietary suggestions, and to allow the maximum effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while preserving/correcting the nutritional status.
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Massoud D, Alrashdi BM, Fouda MMA, El-kott A, Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH. Aloe vera and wound healing: a brief review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Massoud
- Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; Fayoum University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Attalla El-kott
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Damanhour University, Egypt
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Sibhat G, Kahsay G, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Evaluation of aloins, pH and moisture in aloe leaf gel-based personal care products. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 44:74-81. [PMID: 34843131 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some easily applicable analytical methods were explored to evaluate the quality of personal care products containing aloe leaf gel. Aloins should be absent in these products in view of their side effects. To check this, liquid chromatography (LC) was applied. METHODS The LC method used a C18 monolithic column combined with gradient elution and ultraviolet (UV) detection. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Next, it was practically applied for the analysis of commercial samples. In addition, the pH and moisture content were determined. RESULTS The LC results indicated that aloins were detected in 25% of the analysed commercial samples. Further, it turned out that 42% of the test samples were found to be in the basic pH range and 33% of them contained excessive moisture. CONCLUSION Proper quality control and adequate labelling of aloe leaf gel-based cosmetics are mandatory to avoid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereziher Sibhat
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Kahsay
- College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Evaluation of Fermented Extracts of Aloe vera Processing Byproducts as Potential Functional Ingredients. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe is widely used as a cosmetic and medicinal plant. Numerous studies have reported that aloe gel extract has antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, immunity, and skin antiaging properties. However, few studies have investigated the properties of fermentation products of aloe processing byproducts. Aloe stalks and leaves remain as byproducts after the aloe beverage manufacturing process. This study evaluated whether fermentation products of blender and press extracts of aloe processing byproducts (BF and PF, respectively) that remain after beverage manufacturing were useful as functional biomaterial by investigating their effects on adipocyte differentiation, hyaluronic acid (HA) production, tyrosinase activity, and antioxidant activity. Co-fermentation of G. xylinus and S. cerevisiae was conducted for fermentation of aloe processing byproducts. The BF and PF products did not induce observable cytotoxicity effects. However, BF and PF products did inhibit a 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation compared with control, with the BF product displaying greater inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation than the PF product. HA production increased in HaCaT cell cultures as the concentration of the MF product increased, as compared with the untreated control. The levels of tyrosinase inhibition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity also depended on the MF product concentration. This study indicates that the fermented products of aloe processing byproducts have biological potential for applications in the manufacturing of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and beverages. These laboratory bench results provide the foundation for future studies of scaling and practical applications at the industrial level.
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Tong X, Li M, Li D, Lao C, Chen J, Xu W, Du J, Zhang M, Yang X, Li J. Aloe vera gel extract: Safety evaluation for acute and chronic oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats and anticancer activity in breast and lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114434. [PMID: 34274443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) collected in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version 2015). It has been traditionally used for the treatment of constipation, and its potential therapeutic activities have been widely evaluated, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. The wide application of Aloe vera in food and therapy has raised safety issues and there are multiple safety assessments with a diverse toxicity and adverse effects from clinics and animals. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the safety of Aloe vera barbadensis extract C (AVBEC) in rats and analyze its anticancer activity in cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administrated AVBEC orally in an acute toxicity study and a 6-month chronic toxicity study to observe and confirm its safety in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Additionally, we explored the cytotoxicity of AVBEC in cancer cells and non-cancer cells. We further investigated the anti-tumor activity of AVBEC, and in the meantime, probed the function of component from AVBEC. RESULTS No deaths or substance-relative toxicity were observed in the acute toxicity study or the 6-month chronic toxicity study with doses of 44.8 g·kg-1 and 4.48 g·kg-1, respectively. In the chronic toxicity study, AVBEC did not cause organ toxicity, including crucial organ structure and chemical function, and peripheral and central immune system damage. Additionally, we found that AVBEC could induce cancer cell apoptosis with a relatively higher apoptotic ratio than in non-cancer cells by decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We also identified components in AVBEC using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and probed the function of malic acid. This demonstrated that under the same circumstances, malic acid induced cell necrosis in cancer cells and non-cancer cells, while AVBEC did not. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel mechanism of aloe gel extract in regulating cancer cell apoptosis via modulating the mitochondrial metabolism and imply a possible application of AVBEC for the treatment of malignant cancer with the safety evaluation from rats and anticancer investigation from cancer cells and non-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Tong
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chunqin Lao
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jingmian Chen
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Junxi Du
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Meijiao Zhang
- Department of Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiangcai Yang
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jiejing Li
- Department of R&D, Biotech&Science Company of UP, Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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