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Otmar CD, Merolla AJ. Social Determinants of Message Exposure and Health Anxiety Among Young Sexual Minority Men in the United States During the 2022 Mpox Outbreak. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39225351 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2397272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study tested the structural influence model of communication in the context of the 2022 global outbreak of the Mpox virus among young sexual minority men. The primary objective was to understand how distinct social determinants, including education, race/ethnicity, and interpersonal discrimination, influenced exposure to Mpox messages in daily life and affected health anxiety concerning the Mpox virus in the United States. We also explored the significance of LGBTQ+ community connectedness as a crucial form of social capital during the outbreak. We collected a three-wave longitudinal dataset and examined within-person and between-person associations using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. Participants (N = 254) reported that internet sources and social media were their primary information sources for Mpox messages during the outbreak. Educational attainment, racial minority status, and LGBTQ+ community connectedness were significantly associated with message exposure. Young sexual minority men who faced greater interpersonal discrimination in their daily lives also reported higher rates of Mpox-related health anxiety. Longitudinal analysis indicated that (at the within-person level) Mpox anxiety was significantly associated with greater Mpox message exposure in the month following the outbreak, but that relationship waned in the subsequent month. The theoretical implications highlight the relevance of minority stress variables in the structural influence model of communication framework and suggest the importance of community connectedness as a distinct form of social capital shaping message exposure and health anxiety during the Mpox outbreak in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andy J Merolla
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara
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2
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Lee AR, Gonzalez A, Garcia JM, Martinez LS, Oren E. COVID-19 risk perceptions, self-efficacy, and prevention behaviors among California undergraduate students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1707-1716. [PMID: 35816746 PMCID: PMC9837940 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the viral agent responsible for COVID-19. We aim to understand risk perceptions, self-efficacy, and adoption of prevention behaviors in this population to inform prevention strategies. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students attending a large public university. METHODS A convenience sample of students were surveyed (April-June 2020). Participants self-reported risk perceptions, perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, self-efficacy, and prevention behavior engagement. RESULTS A total of 1,449 students were included in the analysis. The majority were women (71.2%) and aged 18-24 (86.6%). Freshmen had the lowest risk and threat perceptions, as did men; men also had lower self-efficacy. Women engaged significantly more in prevention behaviors compared to men. CONCLUSIONS Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was low, but overall adoption of prevention behaviors was high due to local mandates. Freshmen men were identified as having the greatest need for changing perceptions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R. Lee
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA 92093
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
- College of Letters and Arts, Division of Latin American Studies, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
| | - Jenna M. Garcia
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
| | - Lourdes S. Martinez
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
| | - Eyal Oren
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, USA 92182
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Peña-Y-Lillo M. From Information Seeking and Scanning to the Practice of Healthy Habits: A Longitudinal Test of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction in the Context of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:284-293. [PMID: 38646930 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2339231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable intake is essential for health, but global adherence to recommended levels remains insufficient. Health information exposure positively influences consumption, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the relationships between information seeking and scanning, attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intentions, and fruit and vegetable intake, following the main tenets of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IM). Data were collected through face-to-face surveys in Santiago, Chile, with a representative sample of individuals aged 25 and older in two waves. Findings revealed that intentions in Wave 1 predicted fruit and vegetable consumption in Wave 2, with positive associations between attitudes, norms, PBC, and intentions. Information seeking was positively associated with attitudes, norms, and PBC, and it had indirect effects on fruit and vegetable consumption through attitudes, norms, PBC, and intentions. Information scanning did not show significant indirect effects on fruit and vegetable consumption, even though the path between scanning and attitudes was significant. The study provides support for the IM and highlights the importance of information seeking in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption through its influence on attitudes, norms, and PBC. The findings have practical implications for health campaigns, educational programs, healthcare interactions, and public policies targeting healthier dietary habits.
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Yang Q. Understanding the Associations Between Adolescents' Exposure to E-Cigarette Information and Vaping Behavior Through the Theory of Planned Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:641-651. [PMID: 36823032 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2179715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents have actively looked for and passively scanned information about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) from a variety of media and interpersonal sources. Despite the evidence that exposure to e-cigarette information is associated with youth's increased vaping intention, there is a paucity of scholarship that differentiates the sources where adolescents obtain e-cigarette information in their investigation, which limits our understanding of the unique association between vaping intention and e-cigarette information acquisition from specific sources. In addition, few studies have systematically examined the mechanism of the aforementioned associations. To fill the gap, an online national survey on a panel of adolescents between 13 to 17 years old was conducted. After controlling for potential confounders, several significant indirect effects were observed. Specifically, adolescents' vaping intention was negatively associated with e-cigarette information seeking from health professionals but positively with e-cigarette information exposure from family and friends, outdoors advertisements, social media, and other online channels, with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs mediating these relationships. The findings not only contribute to the body of scholarship on TPB but also provide important suggestions for regulating outdoor and online e-cigarette information and designing persuasive interventions and campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Communication Studies, Bob Schieffer College of Communication, Texas Christian University
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Kim K. Scanned information exposure and support for tobacco regulations among US youth and young adult tobacco product users and non-users. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:426-444. [PMID: 37565566 PMCID: PMC10516358 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The influences of information exposure on youth and young adults' (YYA) support for smoking/vaping regulations have been understudied. This study examines (i) the relationships between routine exposure to (i.e. scanning) anti-smoking/pro-vaping information and YYA support for anti-smoking/vaping regulations and (ii) whether these relationships differ across YYA users and non-users of tobacco products. We analyzed the data from a nationally representative two-wave rolling cross-sectional survey of YYA in the United States, collected from 2014 to 2017 (baseline n = 10 642; follow-up n = 4001). Less than 5% of the participants ever scanned pro-smoking and anti-vaping information. Scanning anti-smoking information had significant positive relationships with support for all anti-smoking policies cross-sectionally, and this pattern was longitudinally significant in two anti-smoking policy contexts. Scanning pro-vaping information had significant negative associations with support for anti-vaping policies cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. The lagged positive relationships between scanning anti-smoking information and support for anti-smoking regulations were stronger among YYA smokers than among YYA non-smokers, whereas evidence from adult data suggested the opposite pattern. The findings suggest that scanning information can affect YYA support for tobacco regulations. Future efforts are required to investigate mechanisms underlying the influences of scanned information on YYA support for tobacco regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanho Kim
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, 494 Mann Library Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Moon WK, Atkinson L, Kahlor LA, Yun C, Son H. U.S. Political Partisanship and COVID-19: Risk Information Seeking and Prevention Behaviors. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1671-1681. [PMID: 33906522 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1912948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses serious health risks to humans; yet, despite recommendations by governments and health organizations, a significant number of Americans are not engaging in preventive behaviors. To understand and explain this phenomenon, we seek guidance from a theoretical model that merges the risk information seeking and processing model and the theory of planned behavior. Furthermore, given the politicized nature of the pandemic in the U.S., we pose different information seeking patterns according to media partisanship, asserting that partisanship is likely to affect cognitive structures regarding COVID-19 decision making. Our results suggest two distinct routes for information seeking to decision-making. Conservative media use is directly associated with preventive behavior avoidance, while liberal media use is indirectly associated with preventive behavior engagement. This work contributes to our collective understanding of what drives preventive behaviors in the context of health risk, particularly in the case of a highly politicized national health crisis with global implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ki Moon
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Lucy Atkinson
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Lee Ann Kahlor
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Chungin Yun
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hyunsang Son
- Department of Business and Economics, West Virginia State University
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Lewis N, Martinez LS. Information Scanning Impacts Nonmedical Drug Use Among College Students: A Longitudinal Study of Scanning Effects. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35332804 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Health information that is acquired through information scanning has been shown to play an important role in shaping individual beliefs and health behavior. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of the breadth of scanning from media and interpersonal sources about two risk behaviors (nonmedical use of amphetamines and marijuana) on subsequent drug use behavior through changes to perceived norms. We test effects of scanning using a longitudinal online survey design with data collected at six-month intervals over three time points among 800 Israeli undergraduate students in their freshman year. Of the 800 respondents who participated in the first wave, 62.4% completed the second wave (N = 499), among which 347 (69.5%) completed a follow-up 6 months later. Results of cross-lagged structural equation models find that scanning information about amphetamines from interpersonal sources at 6 months predicted an increased likelihood of nonmedical use of amphetamines at 12-months. In addition, young adults who scanned information about marijuana from media sources at 6 months reported greater nonmedical marijuana use at 12 months. Breadth of scanning about marijuana from media sources mediated the relationship between perceived norms and marijuana use at 12 months. Results also showed indirect effects of scanning at baseline on nonmedical drug use at 12 months through scanning from the same source at 6 months. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of information scanning and perceived norms in shaping substance use behaviors, and suggest that scanning may serve as a potential early indicator of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehama Lewis
- Department of Communication, University of Haifa
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Lee CJ, Pena-Y-Lillo M. A communication inequalities approach to disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption: Findings from a national survey with U.S. adults. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:375-382. [PMID: 34144855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed whether socioeconomic disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption and its differences by social capital are accounted for by exposure to media information about fruits and vegetables and reflective integration of that information. METHODS Online survey data were collected in July 2014 from 572 U.S. adults from a nationally representative online panel. Path analysis was employed to test our models. RESULTS Education and social capital were positively associated with media exposure, which was in turn positively related to reflective integration and finally led to fruit and vegetable consumption. Education and income were positively associated with social capital. CONCLUSION Differences in fruit and vegetable consumption across social groups are at least partly explained by exposure to information about fruits and vegetables from the media, and by reflective integration of that information. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals and health educators should create health messages delivered via the media that are easy to understand with an appropriate level of health literacy. Also, health interventions that aim to build social capital may promote health media use and its reasoning processes, thereby reducing communication inequalities by SES as well as disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Joo Lee
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University, 504 IBK Communication Center, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Roy R, de Castro TG, Haszard J, Egli V, Te Morenga L, Teunissen L, Decorte P, Cuykx I, De Backer C, Gerritsen S. Who We Seek and What We Eat? Sources of Food Choice Inspirations and Their Associations with Adult Dietary Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in New Zealand. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113917. [PMID: 34836172 PMCID: PMC8617873 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows the shaping of food choices often occurs at home, with the family widely recognised as significant in food decisions. However, in this digital age, our eating habits and decision-making processes are also determined by smartphone apps, celebrity chefs, and social media. The ‘COVID Kai Survey’ online questionnaire assessed cooking and shopping behaviours among New Zealanders during the 2020 COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ using a cross-sectional study design. This paper examines how sources of food choice inspirations (cooking-related advice and the reasons for recipe selection) are related to dietary patterns before and during the lockdown. Of the 2977 participants, those influenced by nutrition and health experts (50.9% before; 53.9% during the lockdown) scored higher for the healthy dietary pattern. Participants influenced by family and friends (35% before; 29% during the lockdown) had significantly higher scores for the healthy and the meat dietary patterns, whereas participants influenced by celebrity cooks (3.8% before; 5.2% during the lockdown) had significantly higher scores in the meat dietary pattern. There was no evidence that associations differed before and during the lockdown. The lockdown was related to modified food choice inspiration sources, notably an increase in ‘comforting’ recipes as a reason for recipe selection (75.8%), associated with higher scoring in the unhealthy dietary pattern during the lockdown. The lockdown in New Zealand saw an average decrease in nutritional quality of diets in the ‘COVID Kai Survey’, which could be partly explained by changes in food choice inspiration sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajshri Roy
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-22-676-0550
| | - Teresa Gontijo de Castro
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Haszard
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Victoria Egli
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Lisa Te Morenga
- Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Lauranna Teunissen
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (L.T.); (P.D.); (I.C.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Paulien Decorte
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (L.T.); (P.D.); (I.C.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Isabelle Cuykx
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (L.T.); (P.D.); (I.C.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Charlotte De Backer
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium; (L.T.); (P.D.); (I.C.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
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Yang Q, Wu S. Air pollution in China: health information seeking and protective behaviors. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:1495-1506. [PMID: 32211759 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haze has become one of the most life-threatening problems in China. Chinese people become more dependent on receiving health information from social media, especially WeChat, which shapes their health perceptions and behaviors. Despite the prevalence of health information-seeking behavior (HISB) on WeChat, the predicting factors and consequences of Chinese people's haze HISB using WeChat remain unclear. To fill this gap, a hypothesized model was proposed under the risk perception attitude framework and tested with a longitudinal web-based survey of Chinese people residing in Mainland China, to understand the antecedents and behavioral outcomes of HISB on WeChat. The results from the structural equation modeling showed that perceived risk significantly predicted haze HISB on WeChat, which predicted the intention of wearing PM2.5 mask but not reducing outdoor exercises. The efficacy beliefs of both protective behaviors were not significant predictor of haze HISB. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Communication Studies, Bob Schieffer College of Communication, Texas Christian University, USA
| | - Shiwen Wu
- The Center for Studies of Media Development, School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University, China
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Sharifi M, Amiri-Farahani L, Haghani S, Hasanpoor-Azghady SB. Information Needs During Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Afghan Pregnant Migrant Women in Iran. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 11:2150132720905949. [PMID: 32070182 PMCID: PMC7031785 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720905949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Access to pregnancy-related information is an important requirement for all pregnant women, especially women at risk, such as immigrants. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the information needs during pregnancy and its associated factors in the Afghan pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 Afghan pregnant women who received care at the prenatal clinics of selected health care centers in the southeast of Tehran in 2018. The study population was selected using the continuous sampling method. The sampling was performed through the continuous sampling method from all the Afghan pregnant women who received care at the prenatal health centers of the southeast of Tehran. Results: Among the information needs during pregnancy, the fetal (83.34 ± 20.65) and smoking (62.61 ± 28.88) domains had the highest and lowest mean scores by percentage, respectively. The information needs during pregnancy showed a statistically significant relationship with age, women’s education level, husband’s education level, duration of living in Iran, place of residence, insurance status, number of children, place of the previous delivery, and routine prenatal care. Based on the multiple regression model, only the place of birth and place of residence accounted for 19% of information needs during pregnancy. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the prenatal care–related education should address the domains that are unknown for Afghan women. Furthermore, in this education, the demographic and reproductive characteristics of the recipients should be taken into account to improve the pregnancy outcome among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sharifi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Amiri-Farahani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Department of Biostatistics, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syedeh Batool Hasanpoor-Azghady
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Zheng H. Coverage of HPV-Related Information on Chinese Social Media: a Content Analysis of Articles in Zhihu. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2548-2554. [PMID: 32159420 PMCID: PMC7644171 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1729028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about human papillomavirus (HPV) disease and its vaccination has been increasingly communicated and discussed on social media platforms. The current study aims to investigate the coverage of HPV-related information on one of the most popular Chinese social media - Zhihu. Data for this study were user-generated articles, which were identified and collected by a Python web crawler with keyword searching. The final sample included a total of 115 articles, covering a two-year period between 2017 and 2018. Each article was coded for several key characteristics, including HPV epidemiological information, health belief model (HBM) constructs, framing strategy, and responses to the article. Results suggested that most of the articles reported HPV's relationship to cervical cancer, HPV severity, and vaccination benefits. Thematic framing was more often used by the Zhihu articles to disseminate HPV-related issues, and a significant relationship between framing strategy and information coverage was found. The study has not only theoretically extended the literature of online HPV vaccine information coverage, but also practically suggested the needs to communicate comprehensive and detailed knowledge about HPV vaccination on Chinese social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Media National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Chen J, Tao R, Guo Q. Analysis of the interactive meaning of journalistic images of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the perceptions of female undergraduate students. Int J Nurs Sci 2020; 7:S61-S66. [PMID: 32995381 PMCID: PMC7501498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This paper focuses on the underlying mechanisms of women’s perceptions of persuasive visual health information. Methods In the image viewing process, a separation between the image producer and the image viewer occurs, and the connection between the two is fractured. This mixed method research included modal discourse analysis (coding based on visual grammar theory), an eye tracking experiment, a questionnaire survey, and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interactive meanings of journalistic images related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine were identified through four sets of codes. In addition, the perceptions of female viewers were analyzed. Results In the first set of stimuli, i.e., the infographic, the female participants focused most of their attention on information about the nine-valent HPV vaccine. An analysis of the interactive meaning of two sets of journalistic pictures, i.e., fictional pictures and nonfictional pictures, indicated that the image producers did not implement useful viewer involvement strategies to persuade viewers. Furthermore, female viewers focused their attention on the “similar other” during the viewing process, gazing at the patient the longest as the primary area of interest (AOI). Conclusions The study indicates that the current persuasive visual information about the HPV vaccine needs further improvement due to the high demand for information about HPV from the Chinese female audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxi Chen
- School of Languages and Communication studies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomin Guo
- School of New Media, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Savelli MR. How the operationalization of exposure impacts studies on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-03-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Without having a shared operationalization of what constitutes a direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) exposure, it is impossible to accurately generalize findings about their effects. First, it needs to be established how the variables involved in exposures impact outcomes. This will allow for more accurate operationalizations.
Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 216 participants were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned into one of four conditions to take an online survey. A 2 × 2 experiment (active/passive attention × low/high exposure) was conducted to determine if the level of attention, otherwise known as attentiveness, and the number of exposures impacted preferences for a fictitious prescription sleep aid.
Findings
Results indicated a significant difference among active and passive conditions such that active exposures resulted in stronger positive preferences.
Research limitations/implications
Studies using different operationalizations should not be aggregated for generalizations about the effects of DTCA of prescription drugs.
Originality/value
This paper urges researchers to clearly operationalize their definitions for “exposure” and to be hesitant about generalizing findings studies using different definitions.
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Liu J, King AJ, Margolin D, Niederdeppe J. Information Seeking and Scanning about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Black and White Americans, Ages 45-74: Comparing Information Sources and Screening Behaviors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:402-411. [PMID: 32529955 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1776424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer information seeking and scanning predict a variety of preventive health behaviors. However, previous work has rarely gauged seeking and scanning of specific cancer screening information. Moreover, colorectal cancer prevalence and mortality rates are higher among black than white Americans and it remains unclear if these groups differ in their cancer screening information acquisition patterns. We surveyed black and white Americans between 45 and 74 years of age to investigate rates, sources, and correlates of colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) information seeking and scanning. Black and white Americans had similar likelihoods of engaging in information seeking and scanning regarding CRCS. However, black Americans reported using significantly more sources for CRCS information seeking and scanning than did white Americans. Both screening test-specific information seeking and scanning are associated with stool-based tests, but only information seeking is associated with flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. We discuss study implications for reaching out to different racial groups to promote colorectal cancer screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andy J King
- Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University , Armes, Iowa, USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
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Liu J, Lochbuehler K, Yang Q, Gibson LA, Hornik RC. Breadth of Media Scanning Leads to Vaping among Youth and Young Adults: Evidence of Direct and Indirect Pathways from a National Longitudinal Survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:91-104. [PMID: 31900063 PMCID: PMC7138723 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1709925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use among youth and young adults has reached an epidemic proportion of growth. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of the breadth of media scanning about e-cigarette use on subsequent vaping behavior through interpersonal communication and changes in descriptive norm perceptions. We conducted a nationally representative longitudinal phone survey of 13- to 25-year-olds from June 2014 to March 2017, with 11,013 respondents who completed a baseline survey, among which 3,212 completed a follow-up 6 months later. The results from both cross-sectional and lagged analyses provided robust evidence to suggest that passive routine exposure to e-cigarette use content from more media outlets predicted increased likelihood of vaping among youth and young adults. High scanners were about twice as likely to vape as non-scanners (17% versus 9%). Mediation models using bootstrapping procedures found that breadth of scanning predicted higher descriptive norm perceptions which were associated with subsequent vaping; in addition, interpersonal communication mediated the relationship between breadth of scanning and changes in descriptive norm perceptions. These findings highlight the important roles of scanning, norm perceptions and interpersonal discussions in shaping cognition and behavior changes. The results also suggest an overall pro-e-cigarette public communication environment, which warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Qinghua Yang
- Department of Communication Studies, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Laura A. Gibson
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert C. Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Prybutok G, Ta AV, Liu X, Prybutok V. An Integrated Structural Equation Model of eHealth Behavioral Intention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/ijhisi.2020010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
eHealth offers promising tools and services to manage and improve the quality of health as well as the potential to provide accessible health information all over the world. The relatively low adoption rates among eHealth users motivates us to develop an integrated model to explain the learning process and provide essential antecedents of eHealth behavioral intention. The integrated model is empirically tested by using different structural equation modeling (SEM) methods, including partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), PLSc, and covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM). The model successfully explains the learning process and provides essential antecedents of eHealth behavioral intention. The findings support the interplay of social, cognitive, and personal factors that impact 18-30-year-old users' learning process related to eHealth behavioral intention. The results empirically show that these three types of SEM techniques provide consistent results with respect to path coefficients and coefficients of determination. The findings indicate that CB-SEM and PLS-SEM provide adverse consequences of interaction-term path coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaotong Liu
- University of Wisconsin Platteville, Platteville, USA
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Yang Q, Liu J, Lochbuehler K, Hornik R. Does Seeking e-Cigarette Information Lead to Vaping? Evidence from a National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and Young Adults. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:298-305. [PMID: 29236549 PMCID: PMC5999537 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1407229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Youth and young adults (YYAs) are vulnerable populations for e-cigarette use or vaping. This study examined the effect of YYAs' health information seeking behavior (HISB) around e-cigarette use and vaping on their subsequent vaping behavior. We conducted a nationally representative longitudinal phone survey of 13-25 year olds from June 2014 to September 2016, with 2,413 respondents who completed a baseline and follow-up survey six months later. The results from lagged logistic regressions and mediation analyses showed a) that information seeking predicted higher likelihood of vaping six months later even after controlling for baseline smoking and vaping status, intention to vape, and demographics, and b) that information seeking partially mediated the relationship between intention to vape and subsequent vaping behavior. Theoretical and regulatory implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Communication Studies, Texas Christian University
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia
| | - Kirsten Lochbuehler
- University of Pennsylvania Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS)
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Hornik
- University of Pennsylvania Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS)
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
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Jeong JS, Lee S. The Influence of Information Appraisals and Information Behaviors on the Acceptance of Health Information: A Study of Television Medical Talk Shows in South Korea. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:972-979. [PMID: 28557534 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1323365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As television medical talk shows have become an increasingly popular source of health information, it is important to understand the processes by which people come to accept, at times unconditionally, the information presented by these shows. Based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), this study explores the way by which individuals process health information from television medical talk shows. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between information exposure, information appraisals (e.g., appropriateness and incoherence), information behaviors (e.g., information seeking and sharing), and unconditional acceptance of health information. Results from a survey of 588 women in South Korean indicate that an individual's appraisal of information as being appropriate or incoherent influences unconditional acceptance of health information. Both types of information appraisals are positively associated with information seeking, which is negatively associated with unconditional acceptance of information. In contrast, neither of these appraisals have an impact on unconditional acceptance via information sharing. Notably, when information appraisals are not considered, information exposure is positively associated with information sharing, which is then positively associated with unconditional acceptance. Implications for health information consumers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon Jeong
- a The Center for Health Communication Studies , Hallym University
| | - Seungyoon Lee
- b Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University
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Walsh-Childers K, Odedina F, Poitier A, Kaninjing E, Taylor G. Choosing Channels, Sources, and Content for Communicating Prostate Cancer Information to Black Men: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1728-1745. [PMID: 30045654 PMCID: PMC6142158 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318786669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify effective channels, sources, and content approaches for communicating prostate cancer prevention information to Black men. The Web of Science, PubMed and GoogleScholar databases, as well as reviews of reference lists for selected publications, were searched to select articles relevant to cancer communication channels, sources or content for Black men, focused on male-prevalent cancers and published in English. Articles were excluded if they examined only patient–provider communication, dealt exclusively with prostate cancer patients or did not separate findings by race. The selection procedures identified 41 relevant articles, which were systematically and independently reviewed by two team members to extract data on preferred channels, sources, and content for prostate cancer information. This review revealed that Black men prefer interpersonal communication for prostate cancer information; however, video can be effective. Trusted sources included personal physicians, clergy, and other community leaders, family (especially spouses) and prostate cancer survivors. Men want comprehensive information about screening, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes. Messages should be culturally tailored, encouraging empowerment and “ownership” of disease. Black men are open to prostate cancer prevention information through mediated channels when contextualized within spiritual/cultural beliefs and delivered by trusted sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Walsh-Childers
- 1 College of Journalism & Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Folakemi Odedina
- 2 College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandria Poitier
- 1 College of Journalism & Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernest Kaninjing
- 2 College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Greenberry Taylor
- 1 College of Journalism & Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Li W, Nowak G, Jin Y, Cacciatore M. Inadequate and Incomplete: Chinese Newspapers' Coverage of the First Licensed Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine in China. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:581-590. [PMID: 29979918 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1493060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaxo Smith Kline's Cervarix was the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine licensed for use in China and officially launched there on 31 July 2017. Since news media content can influence people's vaccine-related knowledge, understanding, and intentions, a content analysis was used to examine Chinese newspapers' coverage of the HPV vaccine. A total of 253 articles published from 2000 to 2016 met the inclusion criteria and were coded. The results show that HPV and the HPV vaccine received very little newspaper coverage in China both before and after vaccine licensure. Most of the coverage came from China Party press newspapers, with the stories predominantly using thematic rather than episodic framing. Application of the Health Belief Model to the content analysis revealed that benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action were found in most news stories. Overall, given the relative lack of Chinese newspaper coverage, public health officials and health-care providers in China should assume most people, including those for whom HPV vaccination is recommended, have little or no knowledge about HPV, HPV vaccine, and the reasons for the vaccination recommendation. If news media are to be a source of HPV information for the Chinese public, significant efforts will be needed to increase attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- a School of Communication, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Glen Nowak
- b Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Yan Jin
- b Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Michael Cacciatore
- b Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Bigsby E, Hovick SR. Understanding Associations between Information Seeking and Scanning and Health Risk Behaviors: An Early Test of the Structural Influence Model. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:315-325. [PMID: 28059570 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1266575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined proposed direct and mediating relationships in the Structural Influence Model (SIM) of Communication within the chronic disease context. Using data from the Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (N = 14,472), we tested the potential mediating roles of information seeking, information scanning, and social capital between social determinants of health and four chronic disease risk behaviors: exercise level, fruit and vegetable intake, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol use. Information seeking, information scanning, and social capital received support as potential mediators. Our results are largely consistent with predictions of the SIM and highlight the important role of communication in reducing health risks and increasing healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bigsby
- a Department of Communication , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Leung DYP, Chow TT, Wong EML. Cancer-Related Information Seeking and Scanning Behaviors among Older Chinese Adults: Examining the Roles of Fatalistic Beliefs and Fear. Geriatrics (Basel) 2017; 2:geriatrics2040038. [PMID: 31011048 PMCID: PMC6371136 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective communication in health information plays an important role in health promotion and cancer prevention. Cancer-related information acquisition can happen via active and purposeful seeking, but may also happen less purposely via the routine use of media and interactions with other people (called scanning). We examined seeking and scanning behaviors regarding cancer prevention in older Chinese adults, identified commonly used sources of information of such behaviors, and examined their associations with fatalistic beliefs and cancer fear. A convenience sample of 224 community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 were recruited between May and July in 2013 in Hong Kong. Results suggested that cancer information scanning (79.5%) was more common than information seeking (30.4%) among our participants. Health professional was the most popular source for both scanning (78.7%) and seeking (58.8%) behaviors regarding cancer information. Fatalistic beliefs was significantly and negatively associated with seeking behaviors (OR = 0.50) but not scanning behaviors, and cancer fear showed no relationship with either behavior. This study shows that the cancer information seeking and scanning behaviors were still suboptimal in this age group and adds to the knowledge regarding the associations between fatalistic beliefs and fear with cancer information seeking and scanning behaviors among older Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y P Leung
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Twiggy T Chow
- Sau Po Center on Ageing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eliza M L Wong
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Pro-smoking information scanning using social media predicts young adults' smoking behavior. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang X, Wen D, Liang J, Lei J. How the public uses social media wechat to obtain health information in china: a survey study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:66. [PMID: 28699549 PMCID: PMC5506568 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On average, 570 million users, 93% in China’s first-tier cities, log on to WeChat every day. WeChat has become the most widely and frequently used social media in China, and has been profoundly integrated into the daily life of many Chinese people. A variety of health-related information may be found on WeChat. The objective of this study is to understand how the general public views the impact of the rapidly emerging social media on health information acquisition. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was designed, distributed, collected, and analyzed utilizing the online survey tool Sojump. WeChat was adopted to randomly release the questionnaires using convenience sampling and collect the results after a certain amount of time. Results (1) A total of 1636 questionnaires (WeChat customers) were collected from 32 provinces. (2) The primary means by which respondents received health education was via the Internet (71.79%). Baidu and WeChat were the top 2 search tools utilized (90.71% and 28.30%, respectively). Only 12.41% of respondents were satisfied with their online health information search. (3) Almost all had seen (98.35%) or read (97.68%) health information; however, only 14.43% believed that WeChat health information could improve health. Nearly one-third frequently received and read health information through WeChat. WeChat was selected (63.26%) as the most expected means for obtaining health information. (4) The major concerns regarding health information through WeChat included the following: excessively homogeneous information, the lack of a guarantee of professionalism, and the presence of advertisements. (5) Finally, the general public was most interested in individualized and interactive health information by managing clinicians, they will highly benefit from using social media rather than Internet search tools. Conclusions The current state of health acquisition proves worrisome. The public has a high chance to access health information via WeChat. The growing popularity of interactive social platforms (e.g. WeChat) presents a variety of challenges and opportunities with respect to public health acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Wen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- IT Center, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Lei
- Center for Medical Informatics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Sutton JA, Walsh-Buhi ER. Factors influencing college women's contraceptive behavior: An application of the integrative model of behavioral prediction. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:339-347. [PMID: 28362154 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1312414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated variables within the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IMBP) as well as differences across socioeconomic status (SES) levels within the context of inconsistent contraceptive use among college women. PARTICIPANTS A nonprobability sample of 515 female college students completed an Internet-based survey between November 2014 and February 2015. METHODS Respondents were asked about their contraception use, knowledge and information sources, demographic information, and IMBP factors, including attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). RESULTS While overall attitudes, norms, PBC, and intentions for contraceptive use were high, only 46.8% of women used contraception consistently. Data also revealed only moderate levels of knowledge about contraception. While there were no differences across SES levels for attitudes, PBC, norms or knowledge, SES levels did differ in sources used to acquire contraceptive information. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to consider where college women acquire contraceptive information which is associated with SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmyne A Sutton
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Eric R Walsh-Buhi
- b Graduate School of Public Health , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
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Mello S, Tan AS. Who's Responsible? Media Framing of Pediatric Environmental Health and Mothers' Perceptions of Accountability. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:1217-1226. [PMID: 27858529 PMCID: PMC5548552 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1240267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
How the media frames issues of environmental health may affect mothers' views of who is responsible for addressing environmental risks to pediatric health and, ultimately, their protective behaviors. This article describes how information-oriented media sources attribute responsibility for such risks and examines associations between mothers' routine media exposure, or scanning, and perceptions of responsibility. First, a content analysis was conducted on a sample of 474 media stories (i.e., Associated Press, parenting magazines, and websites) about childhood exposure to environmental chemicals over a 6-month period (September 2012-February 2013). We found that media stories attributed responsibility most frequently to parents, though significant differences were observed across media sources, such that websites focused more on parents and general news more on government agencies and manufacturers. Next, we conducted an online survey of mothers (N = 819) and revealed that website scanning during the prior 6 months was significantly associated with perceived personal responsibility, even after we adjusted for potential confounders. Scanning general news was also significantly associated with perceived government and manufacturer responsibility. Understanding media framing of these issues highlights opportunities for health communicators to offset pressure placed on mothers by encouraging greater social and policy support in and exposure to certain media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mello
- Northeastern University, Department of Communication Studies, Boston, USA
| | - Andy S.L. Tan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Population Sciences Division, Center for Community Based Research, Boston, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, USA
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29
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Nelissen S, Van den Bulck J, Lemal M, Beullens K. Stem cell research: the role of information seeking and scanning. Health Info Libr J 2016; 33:269-282. [PMID: 27870319 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mass media have held an ongoing debate about stem cell research. However, few studies have investigated how individuals obtain information on stem cell research and whether this affects their knowledge and perspectives on stem cell research. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether (i) cancer-diagnosed and non-diagnosed individuals differ in terms of their acquisition of stem cell research information, (ii) whether this information acquisition is associated with stem cell research knowledge and perspectives and (iii) whether having had a cancer diagnosis moderates these associations. METHOD A standardised, cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 621 cancer-diagnosed and 1387 non-diagnosed individuals in Flanders (Belgium). RESULTS The results indicate that stem cell research information acquisition explains a significant part of the variance of stem cell research knowledge (8.9%) and of the societal benefits of stem cell research (6.7%) and of embryonic stem cell research evaluation (3.9%) and morality (2%). These associations did not differ between cancer-diagnosed and non-diagnosed individuals but cancer-diagnosed individuals did seek more stem cell research information. CONCLUSION Acquiring stem cell research information, both intentionally and unintentionally, is positively related to stem cell research knowledge and perspectives. Future research should further identify ways to promote health information acquisition behaviour because it is associated with better knowledge and more positive opinion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nelissen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulck
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Lemal
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Beullens
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen), Brussels, Belgium
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Martinez LS, Lewis N. The Moderated Influence of Perceived Behavioral Control on Intentions Among the General U.S. Population: Implications for Public Communication Campaigns. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:1006-15. [PMID: 27565188 PMCID: PMC5042688 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1204378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports results from a large population-based survey of U.S. adults showing perceived behavioral control (PBC) moderations of associations between (a) attitude and intention and (b) perceived norms and intention to engage in 6 health behaviors. Results are based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults ages 40-70 (N = 2,489) and extend understanding of how behavioral theory can be used to guide the design and evaluation of health communication campaigns. Ordinary least squares regression analyses show evidence of a significant positive PBC moderation of (a) attitude and intention and (b) perceived norms and intention such that attitude or perceived norms toward the behavior is more strongly associated with behavioral intention among participants reporting higher levels of PBC. Implications for message design and the evaluation of communication campaigns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes S Martinez
- a School of Communication , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Nehama Lewis
- b Department of Communication , University of Haifa , Mount Carmel , Israel
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Carcioppolo N, Yang F, Yang Q. Reducing, Maintaining, or Escalating Uncertainty? The Development and Validation of Four Uncertainty Preference Scales Related to Cancer Information Seeking and Avoidance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:979-988. [PMID: 27450905 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1184357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty is a central characteristic of many aspects of cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Brashers's (2001) uncertainty management theory details the multifaceted nature of uncertainty and describes situations in which uncertainty can both positively and negatively affect health outcomes. The current study extends theory on uncertainty management by developing four scale measures of uncertainty preferences in the context of cancer. Two national surveys were conducted to validate the scales and assess convergent and concurrent validity. Results support the factor structure of each measure and provide general support across multiple validity assessments. These scales can advance research on uncertainty and cancer communication by providing researchers with measures that address multiple aspects of uncertainty management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Carcioppolo
- a Department of Communication Studies , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida , USA
| | - Fan Yang
- a Department of Communication Studies , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida , USA
| | - Qinghua Yang
- b Annenberg School of Communication , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
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Hornik R. Measuring Campaign Message Exposure and Public Communication Environment Exposure: Some Implications of the Distinction in the Context of Social Media. COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES 2016; 10:167-169. [PMID: 27766123 PMCID: PMC5066806 DOI: 10.1080/19312458.2016.1150976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
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The effects of SNS communication: How expressing and receiving information predict MERS-preventive behavioral intentions in South Korea. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016; 62:34-43. [PMID: 32288174 PMCID: PMC7127459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals use social network sites (SNSs) as an effective tool for communicating relevant information with others during the outbreak of infectious diseases. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism through which communicative behaviors influence preventive behaviors. Thus, in the context of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in South Korea, this study investigated how two communicative behaviors (message expression and reception) in SNSs affected the communicators' intentions to engage in MERS-preventive behaviors. Using data collected from a nationally representative panel survey of 1000 Korean adults aged 19 or older, we examined a theoretical expression and reception effects model. Results support the presence of effects from expressing and receiving MERS-related information via SNSs and their underlying mechanism during South Korea's MERS outbreak. Public health officials and communication professionals should actively use SNS communication in coping with public health crisis caused by emerging infectious diseases.
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Social media: the key to health information access for 18- to 30-year-old college students. Comput Inform Nurs 2016; 33:132-41. [PMID: 25887107 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work examines where 18- to 30-year-old college students seek health information on the Internet and how they determine site and message credibility. Using a qualitative methodology, five focus groups were conducted with 18- to 30-year-old college students, and transcripts were analyzed with MaxQDA text analysis software. The study revealed that 18- to 30-year-old college students have Internet health information source preferences, reasons for seeking health information on the Internet, and message design factors that improve their perception of site and message credibility. We conclude that the Internet and social media show great promise as effective health communication channels for 18- to 30-year-old college students and confirm that preferred Internet/social media sites can be utilized by health educators to present important risk management/disease prevention information to 18- to 30-year-old college students. In addition, message design factors can lend credibility to both sites and the health information delivered there.
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Mello S, Hornik RC. Media Coverage of Pediatric Environmental Health Risks and its Effects on Mothers' Protective Behaviors. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:605-622. [PMID: 26268577 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between exposure to U.S. media coverage of chemical threats to pediatric environmental health and mothers' behaviors to protect their children. Prior content analytic work revealed that media coverage volume from September 2012 to February 2013 differed significantly by type of chemical (i.e., pesticides = high coverage volume; bisphenol A [BPA] = moderate; and arsenic = low). Survey data collected from new and expecting mothers in March 2013 (n = 822) revealed mothers incidentally encountered-or scanned-this information in the media in the prior six months, and after adjusting for a series of potential confounders, such scanning was positively associated with mothers' self-reported behaviors to reduce chemical exposures. To test the hypothesis that coverage volume moderates the relationship between scanning and behavior, content analysis and survey data were combined in mixed effects regression analyses. Results showed significant differences between the effects of media scanning at different levels of coverage volume, but in a direction not entirely consistent with the study's hypothesis. The relationship between scanning and behavior was strongest for BPA, suggesting that a characteristic of media coverage other than volume may drive maternal responses to environmental health threats. Implications of these findings for risk communication research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mello
- Department of Communication Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lee CJ, Zhao X, Pena-y-Lillo M. Theorizing the Pathways From Seeking and Scanning to Mammography Screening. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 31:117-28. [PMID: 26086195 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.942769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study combines insights from existing theories in mass communication and health communication, and builds an integrated model accounting for the mechanisms by which an individual's acquisition of mammogram-related media information becomes associated with intentions to obtain a mammogram. Our model was largely supported by a survey with a nationally representative sample of American females between the ages of 40 and 70 years. As expected, seeking and scanning mammogram-related information from the media were both positively associated with reflective integration of media health information, which in turn was positively related to behavioral attitudes and perceived normative pressures. Attitudes and normative pressures were then positively linked to the intention to get a mammogram. Based on these findings, we offer some suggestions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Joo Lee
- a Department of Communication , Seoul National University
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- b Department of Communication , George Mason University
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Liu J, Hornik R. Measuring Exposure Opportunities: Using Exogenous Measures in Assessing Effects of Media Exposure on Smoking Outcomes. COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES 2016; 10:115-134. [PMID: 27746848 PMCID: PMC5063249 DOI: 10.1080/19312458.2016.1150442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of exposure has long been one of the most central and fundamental issues in communication research. While self-reported measures remain dominant in the field, alternative approaches such as exogenous or hybrid measures have received increasing scholarly attention and been employed in various contexts for the estimation of media exposure; however, systematic scrutiny of such measures is thin. This study aims to address the gap by systematically reviewing the studies which utilized exogenous or hybrid exposure measures for examining the effects of media exposure on tobacco-related outcomes. We then proceed to discuss the strengths and weaknesses, current developments in this class of measurement, drawing some implications for the appropriate utilization of exogenous and hybrid measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
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Moran MB, Frank LB, Chatterjee JS, Murphy ST, Baezconde-Garbanati L. Information scanning and vaccine safety concerns among African American, Mexican American, and non-Hispanic White women. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 99:147-53. [PMID: 26321294 PMCID: PMC4691412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A significant number of parents delay or refuse vaccinating their children. Incidental exposure to vaccine information (i.e., scanned information) may be an important contributor to anti-vaccine sentiment. This study examines the association between scanned information, trust in health information sources and vaccine safety concerns among African American, Mexican American, and non-Hispanic White women. METHODS Women (N=761) in Los Angeles County were sampled via random digit dial and surveyed regarding use of and trust in health information resources and vaccine safety concerns. RESULTS Analyses indicate that the sources of information associated with vaccine safety concerns varied by ethnicity. Each ethnic group exhibited different patterns of association between trust in health information resources and vaccine safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS Information scanning is associated with beliefs about vaccine safety, which may lead parents to refuse or delay vaccinating their children. These relationships vary by ethnicity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings help inform practitioners and policy makers about communication factors that influence vaccine safety concerns. Knowing these sources of information will equip practitioners to better identify women who may have been exposed to anti-vaccine messages and counter these beliefs with effective, vaccine-promoting messages via the most relevant information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Bridgid Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Lauren B Frank
- Department of Communication, Portland State University, 520 SW Harrison St., Ste. 440, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Joyee S Chatterjee
- Gender and Development Studies, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology.
| | - Sheila T Murphy
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, 3502 Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Health Behavior and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
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Hovick SR, Bigsby E. Heart Disease and Colon Cancer Prevention Beliefs and Their Association With Information Seeking and Scanning. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 21:76-84. [PMID: 26444664 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1049307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite their understanding of the links between (a) information seeking and scanning and (b) health outcomes, researchers still know relatively little about the impact of information behaviors on people's disease-related beliefs and attitudes. The goal of this study was to validate findings linking information and health behaviors and to assess whether information seeking and scanning are associated with beliefs about the effectiveness of heart disease and colon cancer risk prevention behaviors (in regard to exercise, controlling one's diet to prevent overweight/obesity, and daily fruit and vegetable intake), as well as determine whether the effects of seeking versus scanning on these beliefs differ. Data from the Annenberg National Health Communication Survey were analyzed (N = 3,212). For colon cancer, significant main effects were detected for information scanning for each of the 3 beliefs assessed (p < .05). For heart disease, both information scanning and heart disease media exposure (p < .05) were associated with stronger beliefs. Information seeking was not associated with beliefs for either disease (p > .05). Our results suggest that disease-related cognitions and beliefs, which ultimately impact decisions to engage in prevention behaviors, may be influenced most by less purposeful forms of information acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R Hovick
- a School of Communication , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Elisabeth Bigsby
- b Department of Communication , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
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Gibson L, Tan ASL, Freres D, Lewis N, Martinez L, Hornik RC. Nonmedical information seeking amid conflicting health information: negative and positive effects on prostate cancer screening. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 31:417-24. [PMID: 26362829 PMCID: PMC4703373 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.963786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of seeking information about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test on men's PSA test use during a period of conflicting recommendations. Analyses used longitudinal survey data collected in 2005 and 2006 from a nationally representative sample of U.S. males aged 40-70 years (n = 777). Cross-sectionally, nonmedical information seeking was significantly associated with increased odds of having a PSA test in the past year (Time 1 odds ratio [OR] = 9.74, p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.37, 21.70; Time 2 OR = 5.78, p < .01, 95% CI = 3.17, 10.55). However, lagged analyses showed that among men who had a PSA at Time 1, active seeking is associated with reduced odds of later having a PSA test (OR = 0.33, p < .05, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.85). Participants who had not had a PSA test in the past year very rarely sought information about PSA tests. Information acquisition in an environment of conflicting recommendations may influence adoption of cancer screening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gibson
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania
| | - Andy S L Tan
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Freres
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania
| | - Nehama Lewis
- b Department of Communication , University of Haifa
| | | | - Robert C Hornik
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania
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Zheng Y. Patterns and Motivations of Young Adults’ Health Information Acquisitions on Facebook. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2014.902275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the flood of information that is inundating us. This flood makes it increasingly difficult to make sense of the world and arrive at the correct interpretation of events.
Design/methodology/approach
– Classic narrative literature review applying the dosage metaphor to the growing problem of information overload.
Findings
– The seven elements of dosage – amount, frequency, sequencing, delivery systems, contraindications, interactions, and dysfunctions – are used to discuss four major coping mechanisms – escape, attention, delegation, and creative destruction – for dealing with the flood. Each of the coping mechanisms has different entailments for the dosage elements.
Originality/value
– This essay develops a guiding principle for thinking about how we should cope with this central problem of the information age: suggesting a minimalist approach that offers the hope of clarity in acting in an age that increasingly overwhelms us.
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Tan ASL, Hornik RC. Measuring Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising-A Validation Study in the Context of Cancer-Related Treatment Advertising. COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES 2014; 8:52-78. [PMID: 24693332 PMCID: PMC3969745 DOI: 10.1080/19312458.2013.873780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This research examines two recurrent conceptual issues of measuring media exposure in survey research in the context of cancer-related direct-to-consumer advertising (CR-DTCA)-the level of content specificity of survey items and the benefits of providing exemplars to aid recall. We evaluated three candidate measures of cancer patients' self-reported exposure to CR-DTCA; these measures varied in content specificity and provision of ad exemplars. Using data from two distinct population-based surveys, we assessed the performance of each measure based on several reliability and validity criteria. Results across both surveys indicate that all three measures performed equally well in terms of internal consistency, convergent, nomological, and discriminant validity with a few minor differences between these measures. Increased content specificity or inclusion of ad exemplars did not result in better performance of the exposure measures. Participants were able to extrapolate from ad exemplars to report their exposure to broad categories of CR-DTCA. The briefest of the three measures posed the lowest level of survey costs among the three measures and was deployed successfully for both mailed and internet-based survey administration. We discussed future directions for application of these findings in DTCA research for other illness and for media exposure research more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy SL Tan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Hornik R, Parvanta S, Mello S, Freres D, Kelly B, Schwartz JS. Effects of scanning (routine health information exposure) on cancer screening and prevention behaviors in the general population. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2013; 18:1422-35. [PMID: 24083417 PMCID: PMC4235954 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2013.798381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research on health information exposure focuses primarily on deliberate information-seeking behavior and its effects on health. By contrast, this study explores the complementary and perhaps more influential role of health information acquired through exposure to routinely used sources, called scanning. The authors hypothesized that scanning from nonmedical sources, both mediated and interpersonal, affects cancer screening and prevention decisions. The authors used a nationally representative longitudinal survey of 2,489 adults 40 to 70 years of age to analyze the effects of scanning on 3 cancer screening behaviors (mammography, prostate-specific antigen [PSA], and colonoscopy) and 3 prevention behaviors (exercising, eating fruits and vegetables, and dieting to lose weight). After adjustment for baseline behaviors and covariates, scanning at baseline predicted weekly exercise days 1 year later as well as daily fruit and vegetable servings 1 year later for those whose consumption of fruits and vegetables was already higher at baseline. Also, among those reporting timely screening mammogram behavior at baseline, scanning predicted repeat mammography. Scanning was marginally predictive of PSA uptake among those not reporting a PSA at baseline. Although there were strong cross-sectional associations, scanning did not predict dieting or colonoscopy uptake in longitudinal analyses. These analyses provide substantial support for a claim that routine exposure to health content from nonmedical sources affects specific health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Parvanta
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Mello
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek Freres
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J. Sanford Schwartz
- Department of Medicine and The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ramírez AS, Freres D, Martinez LS, Lewis N, Bourgoin A, Kelly BJ, Lee CJ, Nagler R, Schwartz JS, Hornik RC. Information seeking from media and family/friends increases the likelihood of engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2013; 18:527-42. [PMID: 23472825 PMCID: PMC4254799 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2012.743632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The amount of cancer-related information available to the general population continues to grow; yet, its effects are unclear. This study extends previous cross-sectional research establishing that cancer information seeking across a variety of sources is extensive and positively associated with engaging in health-related behaviors. The authors studied how active information seeking about cancer prevention influenced three healthy lifestyle behaviors using a 2-round nationally representative sample of adults ages 40-70 years (n = 1,795), using propensity scoring to control for potential confounders including baseline behavior. The adjusted odds of dieting at follow-up were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.19) times higher for those who reported baseline seeking from media and interpersonal sources relative to nonseekers. Baseline seekers ate 0.59 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.91) more fruits and vegetable servings per day and exercised 0.36 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.60) more days per week at 1-year follow-up compared with nonseekers. The effects of seeking from media and friends/family on eating fruits and vegetables and exercising were independent of seeking from physicians. The authors offer several explanations for why information seeking predicts healthy lifestyle behaviors: information obtained motivates these behaviors; information sought teaches specific techniques; and the act of information seeking may reinforce a psychological commitment to dieting, eating fruits and vegetables, and exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susana Ramírez
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Room 4051A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tan ASL, Mello S, Hornik RC. A longitudinal study on engagement with dieting information as a predictor of dieting behavior among adults diagnosed with cancer. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2012; 88:305-10. [PMID: 22401791 PMCID: PMC3381052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores cancer survivors' engagement with information about dieting to control weight from doctors, interpersonal, and media sources and examines whether engagement from these sources impacts subsequent dieting behavior. METHODS A total of 1128 respondents diagnosed with colorectal, breast, or prostate cancers were surveyed over three years following their cancer diagnoses. Using weighted logistic regression analyses, the authors predicted the odds of dieting based on earlier information engagement with sources, controlling for dieting in the previous year and confounders. RESULTS Participants reported talking with doctors more frequently (37%) than seeking or scanning from interpersonal and media sources about dieting (15-22%). Seeking from interpersonal and media sources, and discussion with physicians, significantly predicted dieting behavior. In addition, discussions with physicians increased the odds of subsequent dieting behavior by 2.32 times (95% CI: 1.50-3.61; p=.002), over and above the effects of other information engagement. CONCLUSION Cancer survivors reported engaging with a variety of information sources about dieting. Engagement with doctors and information-seeking from interpersonal or media sources predicted cancer survivors' dieting behavior a year later. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results may inform strategies to encourage and empower cancer survivors to engage with information about healthy lifestyle changes for promoting long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S L Tan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Wong NCH. Interaction of Comparative Cancer Risk and Cancer Efficacy Perceptions on Cancer-Related Information Seeking and Scanning Behaviors. COMMUNICATION RESEARCH REPORTS : CRR 2012; 29:193-203. [PMID: 25589797 PMCID: PMC4289857 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2012.684808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the interaction between perceived cancer risk and self-efficacy related to cancer screening on cancer-related information seeking and scanning behaviors (SSB) among the general population. Individuals completed a cross-sectional survey, were classified into 1 of 4 clusters based on their relative risk and self-efficacy belief scores (i.e., high relative risk and high self-efficacy, high relative risk and low self-efficacy, low relative risk and high self-efficacy, and low relative risk and low self-efficacy), and asked about their information SSB related to the colonoscopy, prostate-specific antigen test, or mammogram. A national probability sample of 2,489 adults aged 40 to 70 took part in this study. Individuals who perceived themselves to be at high relative risk for cancer and had high self-efficacy beliefs in performing cancer-screening behaviors generally reported the highest amounts of SSB for cancer-screening information, compared to the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C. H. Wong
- Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, 610 Elm Ave., Norman OK 73019, Phone: (405) 325-3754
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Lee CJ, Ramírez AS, Lewis N, Gray SW, Hornik RC. Looking beyond the Internet: examining socioeconomic inequalities in cancer information seeking among cancer patients. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2012; 27:806-17. [PMID: 22356137 PMCID: PMC4209720 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2011.647621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The gap in cancer information seeking between high-socioeconomic-status (high-SES) cancer patients and low-SES cancer patients deserves serious attention, considering the importance of information and knowledge in cancer control. We thus explored the association of SES, as measured by education, with cancer patients' overall cancer information seeking, and with seeking from each source (i.e., the Internet, mass media, medical sources, and nonmedical interpersonal sources) and across two topic categories (i.e., treatment, quality of life). We then asked whether the effect of education on treatment information seeking is reduced among those who are particularly motivated to control treatment choices. We conducted a survey with breast, prostate, and colon cancer patients diagnosed in 2005 (n = 2,013), who were randomly drawn from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry in the fall of 2006. We found that education was more strongly associated with Internet use than with the use of other sources regardless of topics. Also, when information was sought from mass media, education had a greater association with treatment information seeking than with quality-of-life information seeking. Preference for active participation in treatment decision making, however, did not moderate the effect of education on treatment information seeking. The implications of these findings for public health research and cancer patient education were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Joo Lee
- School of Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Nagler RH, Hornik RC. Measuring Media Exposure to Contradictory Health Information: A Comparative Analysis of Four Potential Measures. COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES 2012; 6:56-75. [PMID: 22518202 PMCID: PMC3327476 DOI: 10.1080/19312458.2011.651348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that the news media present conflicting health information on topics including cancer screening and nutrition, yet little is known about whether people notice such content. This study proposes four potential measures of media exposure to contradictory health information, using nutrition as an example (Measures I-IV). The measures varied on two dimensions: (1) content specificity, or whether specific nutrition topics and health consequences were mentioned in the question scripting, and (2) obtrusiveness, or whether "contradictory or conflicting information" was mentioned. Using data from the Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (ANHCS), we evaluated the performance of each measure against a set of validity criteria including nomological, convergent, and face validity. Overall, measure IV, which was moderately content-specific and obtrusive, performed consistently well and may prove most useful to researchers studying media effects of contradictory health information. Future directions and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H. Nagler
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C. Hornik
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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